WO2025066331A1 - 具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法 - Google Patents

具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2025066331A1
WO2025066331A1 PCT/CN2024/101039 CN2024101039W WO2025066331A1 WO 2025066331 A1 WO2025066331 A1 WO 2025066331A1 CN 2024101039 W CN2024101039 W CN 2024101039W WO 2025066331 A1 WO2025066331 A1 WO 2025066331A1
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oil
tank
preparation
expansion
expansion culture
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French (fr)
Inventor
高春宁
张永强
贾军红
王靖华
徐飞艳
上官阳南
向中远
张晓斌
张英
李文宏
冯春艳
陈振波
金栓联
吴斌
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • C12R2001/10—Bacillus licheniformis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • C12R2001/125—Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/38—Pseudomonas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/38—Pseudomonas
    • C12R2001/385—Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
    • C12R2001/72—Candida

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of microbial oil recovery, and in particular to a method for preparing a composite microbial oil recovery system with the dual functions of produced water treatment and oil recovery.
  • Microbial flooding technology has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and requiring no special treatment for produced water. It has shown good application potential in improving oil field recovery. With the rapid development of biotechnology, human beings' ability to manipulate microorganisms is increasing, and microbial oil recovery technology will surely make important contributions to the development of the petroleum industry.
  • domestic and foreign microbial flooding technologies mainly inject one or more microbial fermentation liquids/nutrient systems directly into the formation to recover oil.
  • CN112374701A provides an oilfield produced water treatment process using an oleophilic bacteria group to remove oil.
  • the biological bacterial agent contains Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus brevis, and Pseudocycosporium in a compound ratio of 2:1:1.
  • the oil in the produced water is decomposed into non-toxic carbon dioxide and water, and then the effluent is filtered through a membrane to meet the oilfield injection water quality standards.
  • the microorganisms in the water after treatment are also filtered out and cannot be reused.
  • CN104312561A discloses a composite microbial strain for use in tertiary oil recovery, wherein a mixed fermentation liquid of three bacteria, Halobacterium salinarium, Brevibacillus brevis and Bacillus cereus, is used in the tertiary oil recovery in a weight ratio of 1:1:1. It can survive in salt environment, and its crude oil reduces crude oil viscosity by 15.4%, 26.4% and 35.2% respectively, and reduces oil-water interfacial tension by 91.3%, 76.5% and 58.6% respectively. It has obvious beneficial effects of reducing crude oil viscosity and oil-water interfacial tension, showing a wide range of application value. However, the mixed fermentation liquid used needs to be fermented and expanded in large quantities in the factory and transported to the test site, which is costly.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems that the bio-bacterial agent oil recovery effect in the prior art is not ideal, the ground strain fermentation process is cumbersome, the bacterial liquid needs to be transported over long distances, and the produced water after oil recovery cannot be injected back into the formation for oil recovery.
  • a preparation method of a composite microbial oil recovery system with the dual functions of produced water treatment and oil recovery is provided.
  • the composite microorganisms used in the preparation method can significantly reduce the interfacial tension and have a good oil recovery effect.
  • the microbial oil recovery device can, on the one hand, utilize the growth metabolism of the composite microorganisms to remove the oil in the produced water, and on the other hand, utilize the produced water after proliferation and expansion to inject into the formation for oil recovery.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a composite microbial oil recovery system having the dual functions of produced water treatment and oil recovery, wherein the preparation method comprises: mixing the composite microorganism with oil-containing produced water for expansion, and then contacting the expanded material with the oil reservoir to be recovered; wherein,
  • the composite microorganism comprises Candida vesichll with a preservation number of CGMCC No.3456, Bacillus subtilis with a preservation number of CGMCC No.21860 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a preservation number of CGMCC No.23170.
  • the composite microorganisms used in the preparation method of the composite microorganism oil displacement system with the dual functions of produced water treatment and oil displacement provided by the present invention can significantly reduce interfacial tension and have a good oil displacement effect.
  • microbial oil recovery is carried out.
  • the growth metabolism of the microorganisms can be used to remove
  • the oil-containing impurities in the produced water of the oil reservoir are removed;
  • the water treated by microbial expansion is injected into the formation to drive oil, which not only purifies the water quality to meet the oil field reinjection standard, but also avoids the tedious process of industrial fermentation of single strains on the ground and the inconvenience of long-distance transportation of microbial agent products; that is, the oil in the oil-containing produced water is removed by the method of the present invention, and then it is injected back into the oil reservoir to be driven for oil recovery, which not only recycles water resources but also improves the recovery rate of the oil reservoir, achieving multiple goals at one stroke, and has the advantages of low cost, simple operation
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a microbial oil recovery device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a composite microbial oil recovery system having the dual functions of produced water treatment and oil recovery, wherein the preparation method comprises: mixing the composite microorganism with oil-containing produced water for expansion, and then contacting the expanded material with an oil reservoir to be recovered; wherein,
  • the composite microorganism comprises Candida vesichll with a preservation number of CGMCC No.3456, Bacillus subtilis with a preservation number of CGMCC No.21860 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a preservation number of CGMCC No.23170.
  • the ratio of the number of live bacteria of Candida visweiss with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 3456, Bacillus subtilis with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 21860 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 23170 is 1: (1-3): (1-5).
  • the ratio of the number of live bacteria of yeast, Bacillus and Pseudomonas meets this range, the oil displacement effect of the composite microorganism can be further improved.
  • the ratio of the number of live bacteria of Candida vesichll with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 3456, Bacillus subtilis with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 21860, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 23170 is 1: (1.5-2.5): (2-4).
  • the composite microorganisms and their metabolites in the present invention can reduce interfacial tension and have good oil displacement effect, especially in low permeability oil reservoirs.
  • the permeability of low permeability reservoirs is (0.1-50) ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ m 2 .
  • low permeability oil layers can be further divided into general low permeability oil layers, extra-low permeability oil layers and ultra-low permeability oil layers according to the average permeability of the oil layers.
  • the average permeability of the oil layers is (10-50) ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ m 2 , (1-10) ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ m 2 and (0.1-1) ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ m 2 .
  • the contacting conditions include: a temperature of 28-42°C.
  • the oil content in the oil-containing produced water is not higher than 50 mg/L.
  • the expansion is carried out in the presence of a nutrient.
  • the nutrient comprises molasses, peptone, ammonium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium citrate.
  • the temperature of the expansion culture is 28-42°C.
  • the temperature of the expansion culture is 30-37°C.
  • the dissolved oxygen content DO during the expansion is 2 mg/L above.
  • the expansion time is such that the number of viable bacteria in the material after expansion is above 1 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/mL.
  • the amount of material added after expansion is such that the number of viable bacteria in the material after contact is 1 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/mL or more.
  • the incubated material is used as a microbial oil-displacing agent in contact with the oil reservoir to be displaced.
  • the pH of the incubated material is 6-8.
  • the expansion is carried out in an expansion device, wherein the device comprises:
  • the first-stage expansion culture tank, the second-stage expansion culture tank and the third-stage expansion culture tank connected in series are used to expand the composite microorganisms and remove oil impurities in the oil-containing produced water.
  • the device further comprises: a water inlet arranged upstream of the first-stage expansion tank for introducing oil-containing produced water.
  • the device further comprises: a water outlet arranged downstream of the three-stage expansion tank, for leading out the expanded material and the produced water after de-oiling.
  • the composite microorganisms are added to the expansion device, and the oil-containing produced water (incoming water) is introduced from the water inlet upstream of the first-level expansion pool, so that the composite microorganisms and the oil-containing produced water are mixed for expansion.
  • the oil impurities in the oil-containing produced water can be removed by the growth metabolism of the microorganisms, and then the expanded materials are drawn out from the outlet downstream of the third-level expansion pool and injected into the formation to drive oil.
  • the expanded materials contain the produced water after the oil impurities are removed, the expanded composite microorganisms, the metabolites of the composite microorganisms and the nutrients.
  • the produced water after the oil impurities are removed meets the oil field reinjection standard.
  • the expanded materials are injected into the formation to drive oil, which improves the recovery rate of the oil reservoir while recycling water resources.
  • the device of the present invention comprises a primary culture pool, a secondary culture pool and a tertiary culture pool, which can culture microorganisms to a suitable number and fully remove crude oil impurities in water.
  • fillers are independently installed in the primary expansion culture tank, the secondary expansion culture tank and the tertiary expansion culture tank for microorganisms to attach and grow.
  • the material of the filler is selected from one or more of aldehyded cellulose soft material, suspended ball filler and fiber ball filler.
  • each of the first-stage expansion culture tank, the second-stage expansion culture tank and the third-stage expansion culture tank is independently equipped with an aeration device for providing oxygen required for the growth of microorganisms.
  • the water inlet is located at the first The lower part of the expansion tank.
  • the overflow ports of the first-stage expansion culture tank and the third-stage expansion culture tank are respectively located at the upper part of the tank body, and the overflow port of the second-stage expansion culture tank is located at the lower part of the tank body, so that the liquid flow direction is a three-dimensional S-shape.
  • Such a design can ensure sufficient hydraulic retention time to meet the needs of microbial growth and reproduction.
  • the device is also equipped with a sedimentation tank for settling solid impurities in the water body.
  • the sedimentation tank is located downstream of the tertiary expansion tank.
  • the water outlet is located on the side wall of the sedimentation tank.
  • the device is also equipped with a buffer tank for buffering the oil-containing produced water (incoming water).
  • the buffer tank is located upstream of the primary expansion tank.
  • the device is further provided with a liquid preparation tank for mixing the composite microorganisms and the nutrient agent.
  • the liquid preparation tank is located upstream of the primary expansion tank.
  • a dosing pump is further arranged between the liquid preparation tank and the primary culture expansion tank for introducing a mixed liquid of composite microorganisms and nutrients into the primary culture expansion tank.
  • the device is also equipped with a composite microorganism dosing device for dosing composite microorganisms.
  • the device is also equipped with a nutrient agent dosing device for adding nutrients.
  • the expansion culture pools can be connected by injecting oil-containing produced water into the device, the water inlet and outlet of the device are closed, and then the composite microorganisms and nutrients are injected therein for expansion culture.
  • the expansion culture time for example, the bacterial concentration in the expansion culture pool can reach 1 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/mL or more. Nutrients can be added during this process, and those skilled in the art can add them as needed.
  • the outflow water (inflow water) and the outflow material with bacterial solution are injected into the oil reservoir for oil recovery.
  • the hydraulic retention time can be selected in a wide range, such as 6-8 hours.
  • composite microorganisms and nutrient solution can be added.
  • the method for culturing composite microorganisms and performing oil recovery on an oil reservoir to be recovered in the microbial recovery device shown in FIG1 comprises the following steps:
  • Fermentation broths of Candida viswanathii with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 3456, Bacillus subtilis with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 21860, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 23170 are prepared respectively, so that the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation broths of the three bacteria is independently 1 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/mL or more, and the fermentation broths of the three bacteria are mixed in a liquid preparation tank 9.
  • the ratio of the number of viable bacteria of Candida viswanathii, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the mixed fermentation broth is 1:(1-3):(1-5), thereby preparing a composite microbial agent.
  • the expansion time is such that the number of viable bacteria in the material after expansion is above 1 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/mL.
  • the water inlet 5 and the water outlet 6 of the device are opened, and the oil-containing produced water (fresh water) is buffered in the buffer tank 10 and flows from the water inlet 5 into the primary expansion tank 1.
  • the water flows in an S-shaped route through the overflow port 7 and flows through the primary expansion tank 1, the secondary expansion tank 2, the tertiary expansion tank 3 and the sedimentation tank 4 in sequence, and is injected into the oil reservoir through the water outlet 6 in accordance with the geological injection of the oil field.
  • the hydraulic retention time in the expansion device is 6-8h.
  • 1Prepare 10mg/mL glucose solution Accurately weigh 0.1g of analytical pure anhydrous glucose that has been dried to constant weight in a 105°C drying oven, transfer to a 100ml volumetric flask, dilute to volume with distilled water, and shake well. The glucose concentration is now 1000mg/L. Take 0.5mL, 1mL, 2mL, 3mL, and 4mL and add them to the corresponding 100mL volumetric flasks to dilute to volume. The resulting concentrations are 5mg/L, 10mg/L, 20mg/L, 30mg/L, and 40mg/L, respectively.
  • anthrone reagent Accurately weigh 0.2 g of anthrone reagent, add it to 100 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and mix well to obtain the anthrone reagent.
  • the interfacial tension values of the yeast and other bacterial solutions were compounded one by one, and the interfacial tension values of the combinations 20 and 25, Candida, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 0.0114 and 0.0564 mN/m, respectively, and the other combinations were higher than this value. It can be seen that the combination 20 has the strongest ability to reduce the oil-water interfacial tension.
  • a microbial culture liquid or a composite microbial culture liquid was prepared in the manner described in Example 1, and an indoor core displacement simulation test was conducted.
  • the test device used a gas injection core evaluation system produced by Zhongshi Dashiyi Technology Co., Ltd.:
  • the pore volume (PV) can be calculated as m 1 -m 0 ;
  • the oil displacement efficiencies of Candida vesica CGMCC No.3456, Bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.21860, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CGMCC No.23170 and combination 20 are 15.87%, 14.17%, 19.6% and 24.62% respectively.
  • the combination 20 also has the highest comprehensive improvement in oil displacement efficiency, which is 26.97%. Therefore, the indoor core displacement test also confirmed that the composite bacterial agent has a higher oil displacement efficiency.
  • the oil removal rate, glycolipid content, biopolymer content and emulsification rate E24 index of the microbial agent capable of producing water treatment and oil recovery (Candida vis Stamms CGMCC No. 3456), the microbial agent producing biopolymer (Bacillus subtilis CGMCC No. 21860) and the microbial agent for hydrocarbon recovery and oil recovery (Pseudomonas aeruginosa CGMCC No. 23170) were measured respectively. It was found that the oil removal rate of Candida visweiss CGMCC No. 3456 was 91%, the glycolipid content was 10.5g/L, the content of glucuronic acid of the biopolymer produced by Bacillus subtilis CGMCC No. 21860 was 5.1g/L, and the E24 of the fermentation broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CGMCC No. 23170 was 75%.
  • the culture expansion device includes a steel buffer tank, a primary culture expansion tank, a secondary culture expansion tank, a tertiary culture expansion tank and a sedimentation tank connected in series.
  • a composite bacterial agent dosing device and a nutrient agent dosing device are provided.
  • Each of the three expansion culture pools is independently equipped with fillers for microorganisms to attach and grow, and each is independently equipped with an aeration device to provide oxygen required for microbial growth.
  • the water inlet in the first expansion culture pool is located at the lower part of the first expansion culture pool, the water outlet is located on the side wall of the sedimentation tank, the overflow ports of the first expansion culture pool and the third expansion culture pool are respectively located at the upper part of the pool body, and the overflow port of the second expansion culture pool is located at the upper part of the pool body, so that the liquid flow direction is three-dimensional S-shaped.
  • Expansion culture Introduce oil-containing produced water from the water inlet to fill the device with oil-containing produced water. Mix the fermentation liquid of the three bacteria in combination 20 in a biological stirring tank (the ratio of the number of live bacteria of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the mixed fermentation liquid is 1:2:3), add nutrient solution, and then slowly pump it into the first-level expansion culture tank by the dosing pump (based on the total volume of the feed liquid in the device, the amount of fermentation liquid of the three bacteria is 1 volume%, and the amount of nutrient solution is 0.1 volume%).
  • a biological stirring tank the ratio of the number of live bacteria of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the mixed fermentation liquid is 1:2:3
  • Normal operation Open the water inlet and outlet of the device, and the oil-containing produced water (fresh water) flows from the water inlet into the primary expansion tank after being buffered in the buffer tank.
  • the water flows in an S-shaped route through the overflow port and passes through the primary expansion tank, the secondary expansion tank, the tertiary expansion tank and the sedimentation tank in sequence, and is injected into the reservoir through the water outlet in accordance with the geological allocation of the oil field.
  • the hydraulic retention time in the expansion device is 8h.
  • the oil content of incoming water is ⁇ 50.0mg/L
  • the suspended matter content is ⁇ 50.0mg/L
  • the water inlet flow rate is stable.
  • reaction pool temperature is controlled at 35°C.
  • the air intake of the fan should ensure that the oxygen content in the reaction tank is above 2.0 mg/L.
  • No bactericide shall be added or bactericidal device shall be installed in the produced water treatment process.
  • the test method refers to GB4789.2-Determination of total colony count in food microbiology test.
  • the test results of bacteria concentration in each level of expansion culture pool are shown in Table 4 The units are shown in CFU/mL.
  • the indoor core displacement simulation experiment was carried out according to the method and device of Example 2, except that the effluent from the expansion pool of Example 3 was collected for the indoor core displacement experiment. Three effluent samples from the expansion pool were taken in parallel and recorded as effluent 1, effluent 2 and effluent 3, respectively. The parameters and core displacement efficiency of effluent 1, effluent 2 and effluent 3 are shown in Table 5.
  • the reservoir is flooded according to the method and device of Example 3, except that the device is two groups of expansion culture pools connected in series.
  • the expansion culture device includes a steel buffer pool, a primary expansion culture pool, a secondary expansion culture pool and a sedimentation tank connected in series, and is also equipped with a composite bacterial agent dosing device and a nutrient agent dosing device. Fillers are independently installed in the two expansion culture pools for microorganisms to attach and grow, and aeration devices are also independently installed to provide oxygen required for microbial growth.
  • the water inlet in the primary expansion culture pool is located at the lower part of the primary expansion culture pool, the water outlet is located at the side wall of the sedimentation tank, the overflow port of the primary expansion culture pool is located at the upper part of the pool body, and the overflow port of the secondary expansion culture pool is located at the lower part of the pool body, so that the liquid flow direction is three-dimensional S-shaped.
  • the three-stage expansion culture pool is reduced to a secondary expansion culture pool, and the crude oil impurities in the bacterial concentration in the effluent are shown in Table 6.
  • the primary expansion tank, secondary expansion tank, and tertiary expansion tank in the expansion device of the present invention are mainly used for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and the treatment of crude oil pollutants in the incoming water.
  • the three groups of expansion tanks are connected in series and are indispensable. Any reduction of one group of expansion devices will not meet the growth standard of bacterial concentration and the treatment standard of oilfield water quality.

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Abstract

提供一种具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法。该制备方法包括：将复合微生物与含油采出水混合进行扩培，然后将扩培后的物料与待驱油油藏接触；其中，所述复合微生物包含保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌、保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌和保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌。所述复合微生物能够显著降低界面张力，具有很好的驱油效果。

Description

具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2023年09月28日提交的中国专利申请202311279605.4的权益，该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物驱油领域，具体涉及一种具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法。
背景技术
全球范围来看，水资源的可利用量和生态环境保护对油气资源的开发形成了明显约束。且油藏注水开发过程中的压裂酸化措施，以及聚合物驱、复合驱等化学驱技术的应用，使得含油采出水成分复杂，对环境和地层的危害巨大，沉降过滤等处理后再利用成本高，工艺复杂，甚至二次污染。微生物驱技术具有环境友好、采出水不需特殊处理等优点，在提高油田采收率方面已显现出良好的应用潜力；随着生物技术的快速发展，人类对微生物的操控能力日益增强，微生物采油技术必将为石油工业的发展做出重要贡献。
目前国内外微生物驱技术(吞吐、解堵、调剖、驱油等)主要将一种或多种微生物发酵液/营养剂体系直接注入地层驱油，没有地面处理采出水及扩培增殖过程，存在运输成本高，油田采出水资源未能有效利用等问题。
CN112374701A提供了一种应用嗜油菌群除油的油田采出水处理工艺，生物菌剂包含地衣芽孢杆菌属、短芽孢杆菌属、假黄胞菌属，复配比例为2：1：1，将采出水中的油污分解成无毒的二氧化碳和水，再经过膜过滤使出水达到油田注水水质标准，但处理后水中的微生物也被过滤，不能重复利用。
CN104312561A公开了一种复合微生物菌种在三次采油中应用，采用盐沼盐杆菌(Halobacterium salinarium)、短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)和蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)三种菌按照重量比1:1:1混合发酵液应用在第三次采油中，在高盐采油环境含盐量高于12％的高 盐环境中生存，其原油降低原油黏度分别达到15.4％、26.4％、35.2％，降低油水间界面张力分别达到91.3％、76.5％、58.6％，具有明显的降低原油黏度和降低油水间界面张力的有益效果，显示出广泛的应用价值，但所用混合发酵液需在工厂大量发酵扩培并运输至试验现场，成本较高。
在“低成本、绿色高效”能源开发要求的背景下，如何将采出水微生物处理与微生物驱提高采收率技术二者相结合，既有效利用采出水资源，又提高油田采收率，实现地面、地下双环保，对油藏“有质量、有效益、可持续发展”具有重要的战略意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的生物菌剂驱油效果不理想，且地面菌株发酵过程繁琐，菌液需要长距离运输，且驱油后采出水无法回注入地层驱油，提供一种具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法，该制备方法使用的复合微生物能够显著降低界面张力，具有很好的驱油效果；微生物驱油的装置一方面能够利用复合微生物的生长代谢去除采出水中的油，另一方面能够利用增殖扩培后的采出水注入地层驱油。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法，其中，所述制备方法包括：将复合微生物与含油采出水混合进行扩培，然后将扩培后的物料与待驱油油藏接触；其中，
所述复合微生物包含保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌、保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌和保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌。
通过上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供的具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法中使用的复合微生物能够显著降低界面张力，具有很好的驱油效果。
在本发明提供的具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法中使用的装置中进行微生物驱油，通过将复合微生物投加到微生物驱油装置中，一方面可以利用微生物的生长代谢去 除油藏采出水中的含油杂质；另一方面将微生物扩培处理后的水注入地层驱油，这既净化水质达到油田回注标准，又免去了地面单菌株工业化发酵的繁琐过程以及菌剂产品长途运输的不便；也即，采用本发明方法将含油采出水中的油脱除，然后回注入待驱油油藏进行油藏驱油，在循环利用了水资源的同时提高了油藏的采收率，一举多得，具有成本低、操作简单，绿色环保等优势，推广应用前景广阔。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种优选实施方式中的微生物驱油的装置示意图。
附图标记说明
1一级扩培池 2二级扩培池 3三级扩培池 4沉淀池 
5进水口 6出水口 7溢流口 8填料 9配液罐 10缓冲池 11加药泵 12曝气泵
具体实施方式
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值，这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说，各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间，以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围，这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
本发明第提供一种具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法，其中，所述制备方法包括：将复合微生物与含油采出水混合进行扩培，然后将扩培后的物料与待驱油油藏接触；其中，
所述复合微生物包含保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌、保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌和保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌。
发明人发现，保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌Candida viswanathii与保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌和保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌这种特定的组合具有很 好的驱油效果。
保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌已公开于CN101781624B。保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌已公开于CN116200285A。保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌已公开于CN116445316A。
根据本发明，优选地，所述复合微生物中，保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌、保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌和保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌的活菌数之比为1：(1-3)：(1-5)。酵母菌、芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的活菌数之比满足此范围时，能够进一步提高复合微生物的驱油效果。
进一步地，所述复合微生物中，保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌、保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌和保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌的活菌数之比为1：(1.5-2.5)：(2-4)。
本发明中的复合微生物及其代谢产物能够降低界面张力，具有较好的驱油效果，尤其在低渗透油藏驱油具有很好的驱油效果。
低渗透油藏中的渗透率为(0.1-50)×10-3μm2，根据实际生产特征，按照油层平均渗透率可以进一步将低渗透油层分为一般低渗透油层、特低渗透油层和超低渗透油层，其油层平均渗透率为(10-50)×10-3μm2、(1-10)×10-3μm2和(0.1-1)×10-3μm2。
根据本发明，优选地，所述接触的条件包括：温度为28-42℃。
根据本发明，优选地，所述含油采出水中油的含量不高于50mg/L。
根据本发明，优选地，所述扩培在营养剂的存在下进行。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中，所述营养剂包含糖蜜、蛋白胨、硫酸铵、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钾和柠檬酸钠。
在本发明的一种更优选的实施方式中，以所述营养剂的体积为1L计，所述营养剂包含1-2g的糖蜜、0.1-1g的蛋白胨、0.1-0.5g的硫酸铵、0.1-0.5g的磷酸二氢钠、0.01-0.05g的磷酸氢二钾和0.1-0.5g的柠檬酸钠。
根据本发明，优选地，所述扩培的温度为28-42℃。
进一步地，所述扩培的温度为30-37℃。
根据本发明，优选地，进行所述扩培时溶解氧含量DO为2mg/L 以上。
根据本发明，优选地，扩培的时间使得扩培后的物料中的活菌数为1×108CFU/mL以上。
根据本发明，优选地，扩培后的物料的加入量使得接触后的物料中的活菌数为1×108CFU/mL以上。
扩培后的物料作为微生物驱油剂与待驱油油藏接触，优选地，扩培后的物料的pH为6-8。
根据本发明，优选地，所述扩培在扩培装置中进行，其中，所述装置包括：
串联连接的一级扩培池、二级扩培池和三级扩培池，用于扩培复合微生物并脱除含油采出水中的油杂质。
根据本发明，优选地，所述装置还包括：设置于所述一级扩培池上游的进水口，用于引入含油采出水。
根据本发明，优选地，所述装置还包括：设置于所述三级扩培池下游的出水口，用于引出扩培后的物料和脱油后采出水。
将复合微生物投加到扩培装置中，并从一级扩培池上游的进水口引入含油采出水(来水)，使复合微生物与含油采出水混合进行扩培，可以利用微生物的生长代谢去除含油采出水中的油杂质，然后将扩培后的物料从三级扩培池下游的出水口引出并注入地层驱油。其中，扩培后的物料含有去除油杂质后的采出水、扩培后的复合微生物、复合微生物代谢产物以及营养剂，去除油杂质后的采出水达到油田回注标准，扩培后的物料注入地层驱油，在循环利用了水资源的同时提高了油藏的采收率。
本发明的装置含有的一级扩培池、二级扩培池和三级扩培池，能够将微生物扩培至适宜的数量，并充分去除水体中原油杂质。
根据本发明，优选地，所述一级扩培池、所述二级扩培池和所述三级扩培池中各自独立地安装有填料，用于供微生物附着生长。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中，填料的材质选自醛化纤纶软性材料、悬浮球填料和纤维球填料中的一种或多种。
根据本发明，优选地，所述一级扩培池、二级扩培池和三级扩培池中各自独立地安装有曝气装置，用于提供微生物生长所需的氧气。
根据处理油田采出水的需要，优选地，所述进水口位于所述一级 扩培池下部。
根据本发明，优选地，所述一级扩培池与所述三级扩培池的溢流口分别位于池体上部，所述二级扩培池的溢流口位于池体下部，使得液流方向呈立体S形。这样的设计能够保证充足的水力停留时间，以满足微生物生长繁殖的需要。
根据本发明，优选地，所述装置还配置有沉淀池，用于沉淀水体中的固体杂质。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中，所述沉淀池位于所述三级扩培池的下游。
根据本发明，优选地，所述出水口位于所述沉淀池的侧壁。
根据本发明，优选地，所述装置还配置有缓冲池，用于缓冲所述含油采出水(来水)。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中，沿液流走向，所述缓冲池位于一级扩培池的上游。
根据本发明，优选地，所述装置还配置有配液罐，用于将复合微生物和营养剂进行混合。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中，沿液流走向，所述配液罐位于一级扩培池的上游。
根据本发明，优选地，所述配液罐和所述一级扩培池之间还配置有加药泵，用于将复合微生物和营养剂的混合液引入所述一级扩培池中。
根据本发明，优选地，所述装置还配置有复合微生物投加装置，用于投加复合微生物。
根据本发明，优选地，所述装置还配置有营养剂投加装置，用于投加营养剂。
为了使得扩培池中的填料上生长有足够量的微生物，可以通过向装置中注入含油采出水使得扩培池之间连通，关闭装置的进水口和出水口，然后将复合微生物和营养剂注入其中，进行扩培，扩培时间可以没有特别的限制，比如可以使得扩培池内的菌浓度达到1×108CFU/mL以上即可，在此过程中可以补加营养剂，本领域技术人员可以根据需要添加。
在扩培后，打开装置的进水口和出水口，可以流入新鲜的含油采 出水(来水)，并流出带有菌液的物料注入到油藏中用于驱油。水力停留时间可以在较宽的范围内选择，比如可以为6-8h，在运行过程中，可以补加复合微生物和营养液。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式，在图1所示的微生物驱油的装置中进行复合微生物的扩培和对待驱油油藏进行驱油的方法包括以下步骤：
S1、分别制备保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌Candida viswanathii、保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌和保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌的发酵液，使得三种菌的发酵液中的活菌数各自独立地为1×108CFU/mL以上，将三种菌的发酵液在配液罐9中进行混合，混合后的发酵液中维斯假丝酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的活菌数之比为1：(1-3)：(1-5)，制得复合微生物菌剂。
S2、由进水口5引入含油采出水(油的含量不高于50mg/L)，使装置中充满含油采出水，将营养液投入配液罐9，与三种菌的发酵液进行混合，然后由加药泵11缓慢泵入一级扩培池1中(以装置中的料液的总体积为基准，三种菌的发酵液的用量为0.5-1.5体积％，营养液的用量为0.08-0.12体积％)。关闭装置的进水口5和出水口6，打开一级扩培池1、二级扩培池2和三级扩培池3中的曝气泵12，以提供微生物生长所需的氧气，扩培10-15天(温度为28-42℃，风机进气量确保装置中含氧量在2.0mg/L以上)，使微生物在一级扩培池1、二级扩培池2和三级扩培池3中的填料8上挂膜生长繁殖，扩培的时间使得扩培后的物料中的活菌数为1×108CFU/mL以上。
S3、待装置中活菌总浓度达到1×108个/mL以上之后，打开装置的进水口5和出水口6，含油采出水(新鲜来水)经缓冲池10缓冲后由进水口5流入一级扩培池1，通过溢流口7使水流以S型路线溢流依次经过一级扩培池1、二级扩培池2、三级扩培池3和沉淀池4，通过出水口6按照油田地质配注正常注入油藏。扩培装置中的水力停留时间为6-8h。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
1、酵母菌产糖脂类表活剂含量的测定方法：
(1)葡萄糖标准曲线的测定：
①配制10mg/mL的葡萄糖溶液：精确称取预先在105℃干燥箱中干燥至恒重的分析纯无水葡萄糖0.1g，转至100ml容量瓶中用蒸馏水定容到刻度，摇匀，此时葡萄糖浓度为1000mg/L。分别取0.5mL、1mL、2mL、3mL和4mL加入至相应100mL容量瓶中定容，所得浓度分别为5mg/L、10mg/L、20mg/L、30mg/L和40mg/L。
②蒽酮试剂配制：精确称取蒽酮试剂0.2g，加入至100mL浓硫酸中，混合均匀后即为蒽酮试剂。
③葡萄糖标准曲线的绘制：分别精确量取蒽酮试剂4mL和上述所配标准葡萄糖溶液1mL置于具塞试管中(同时量取1mL蒸馏水为空白对照实验)，迅速用冰水浴冷却，然后于沸水浴中加热10min后继续冰浴冷却，待冷却彻底，吸取200μl于96孔板中，在酶标仪中，620nm下测定OD值。根据结果绘制标准曲线。
(2)酵母菌发酵液中糖脂含量的测定：
①取发酵液0.5ml，加入1mL的乙醇，振荡混匀，12000r/min离心9min，取20μL的上清液，加入至EP管中，然后再加入980μL的蒸馏水和4mL的蒽酮试剂，迅速置于冰上，然后置于沸水浴中加热8min，冰浴冷却，用分光光度计测定反应液在620nm下的OD值m1，(以蒸馏水与蒽酮试剂反应获得溶液作为对照)。根据糖脂和葡萄糖分子量之间的比值，即1.91g的糖脂相当于1g葡萄糖，从而可以求出总糖脂含量。
②取0.5ml发酵液于EP管中，加入等体积1ml乙酸乙酯，振荡混匀，12000r/min离心9min，取20μL的上清液，加入至EP管中，然后再加入980μL的蒸馏水和4mL的蒽酮试剂，迅速置于冰上，然后置于沸水浴中加热8min，冰浴冷却，用分光光度计测定反应液在620nm下的OD值m2(以蒸馏水与蒽酮试剂反应获得溶液作为对照)。可求出酵母菌中糖脂的含量。
2、酵母菌除油率的测定方法：
①采用国标HJ 637-2018《石油类和动植物油类的测定红外分光光度法》检测油田采出水中含油量。
②将一直含油量的油田采出水与2％菌剂发酵液混合，置于50℃恒温震荡培养箱中震荡培养48h。
③采用国标HJ 637-2018《石油类和动植物油类的测定红外分光光度法》检测经微生物处理的油田采出水中含油量。
除油率＝(①测得的含油量-②测得的含油量)/①测得的含油量×100％
3、芽孢杆菌产生物聚合物含量的测定方法：
发酵液12000rpm离心作用10min，形成的白色沉淀3℃下放置12h，然后在5000rpm离心作用30min，收集沉淀，用最小量的蒸馏水将沉淀悬浮，用HaOH调pH值至7.0，至少有一部分沉淀溶解，低温干燥冷冻，制得粗干生物聚合物，称重。
4、假单胞菌发酵液乳化率E24测定方法：
取菌株发酵液与煤油混合(2:3，V/V)加入具刻度的比色管中，充分振荡搅拌一段时间，在室温下静置24h；静置结束后，测量乳化层和总液体高度，计算每个样品的乳化系数。
乳化率E24＝(乳化层高度/总液体高度)×100％
混合液静置一段时间后，原本均一的乳状液体逐渐分层，通过对乳化层和总液体高度的测量，计算得到假单胞菌的乳化率E24。
营养液的组成：以营养液的总体积为1L计，营养剂包含1g的糖蜜、0.5g的蛋白胨、0.2g的硫酸铵、0.3g的磷酸二氢钠、0.02g的磷酸氢二钾和0.2g的柠檬酸钠。
实验前先筛选出不显著抑制维斯假丝酵母菌或者不与其存在拮抗关系的微生物，进一步筛选出性能较为良好的菌株，并基于筛选出的微生物进行实验。表1中示出了以下实施例中使用的菌株及其来源。
表1

制备例1
本制备例用于说明微生物发酵液的制备。
对表1中1-11号菌株分别进行纯培养发酵，取冻存的菌株温水复苏后划线培养于无菌的LB固体平板上，放入37℃的恒温培养箱中倒置培养24h，然后分别挑取单菌落于装有LB液体培养基的三角瓶中，放入37℃的恒温摇床中振荡培养48h，180转/分，48h后检测每株菌发酵液中的菌体浓度。根据测定的每株菌各自的菌体浓度，分别用无菌水调整1-11号菌株发酵液中菌体浓度，使其均为1×108CFU/mL。
实施例1：复合微生物的筛选
收集制备例1发酵得到的1-11号菌株的发酵液，将以上菌株发酵液按表2所述的方式使用或者混合配制，搅拌均匀，即制成微生物驱油剂，然后分别测定其界面张力，比较其界面张力的大小。其中，v代表体积。没有标注的情况下，枯草芽孢杆菌为枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.21860，铜绿假单胞菌为铜绿假单胞菌CGMCC No.23170。界面张力的测定方法：采用旋转滴界面张力仪，选取脱水脱气原油，测定50℃下各组驱油菌剂1％体积浓度条件下的界面张力值。
表2


从以上结果可以看出，单菌株的发酵液其界面张力值最低的是酵母菌，为0.8626mN/m，其次是枯草芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌，界面张力分别为1.5248mN/m和1.3654mN/m。
将酵母菌和其他菌液进行一一复配，组合20和25，假丝酵母分别和枯草芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌复配的界面张力值分别为0.0114和0.0564mN/m，其他组合均高于此值。可见，组合20能够降低油水界面张力的能力最强。由此说明，维斯假丝酵母菌CGMCC No.3456、枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.21860和铜绿假单胞菌CGMCC No.23170以活菌数之比为1：(1.5-2.5)：(2-4)制备的微生物驱油剂，能够达到更好的协同增效作用。
实施例2
本实施例用于说明复合微生物驱油体系室内岩心驱替模拟试验：
参考实施例1所述的方式制备微生物菌液或复合微生物菌液，进行室内岩心驱替模拟试验，试验装置采用中石大石仪科技有限公司生产的注气驱岩心评价系统：
实验步骤如下：
(1)岩心饱和水：
①取试验岩心，置岩心于60℃恒温箱中烘干至恒重，称量其重量m0；
②置岩心于抽真空泵中，加压饱和水过夜，称量其重量m1；
③计算可得孔隙体积(PV)为m1-m0；
(2)岩心饱和油：
①将实验油样和水样分别装入相应的中间容器内，打开设备进行加热，设定温度为50℃；
②打开岩心驱替设备操作界面，录入岩心长度、直径、空隙体积、气相渗透率等基础数据，将岩心放入岩心夹持器中间，连接好管线，调节流量，运行仪器排空并检查管线的密封性；
③调节流量，打开装有油样的中间容器开关，在岩心夹持器出口处放置量筒，打开设备操作界面开关，开始实验；
④注入3-5个PV量，停止注入，关掉装有油样中间容器的阀门，计量总出水量m2，可计算出饱和度；
(3)水驱实验：
①打开装有水的中间容器阀门，拆开进口管线，待进口处有液体出来时，停泵，连接好进口管线，开始实验；
②注入3-5个PV量，至出口端含水98％，停止注入，关掉装有水样中间容器的阀门，计量每个PV量所对应的出油量、压力差及流量值，可计算出相应的岩心驱替效率；
(4)微生物活化水驱实验：
①将制备好的微生物发酵液装入中间容器，打开阀门，拆开进口管线，待进口处有液体出来时，停泵，连接好进口管线，开始实验；
②注入3-5个PV量，停止注入，关掉装有水样中间容器的阀门，计量每个PV量所对应的出油量、压力差及流量值，可计算出相应的岩心驱替效率；
(5)后续水驱：
①打开装有水的中间容器阀门，拆开进口管线，待进口处有液体出来时，停泵，连接好进口管线，开始实验；
②注入3-5个PV量，停止注入，关掉装有水样中间容器的阀门，计量每个PV量所对应的出油量、压力差及流量值，可计算出相应的岩心驱替效率，结果见表3。
表3
由表3可知，维斯假丝酵母菌CGMCC No.3456、枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.21860、铜绿假单胞菌CGMCC No.23170及组合20的驱油效率分别为15.87％、14.17％、19.6％及24.62％，综合提高驱油效率最高的也是组合20，为26.97％。因此，室内岩心驱替试验也证实了复配菌剂具有更高的驱油效率。
实施例3
将能够采出水处理与驱油微生物菌剂(维斯假丝酵母菌CGMCC No.3456)、产生物聚合物的微生物菌剂(枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.21860)和解烃驱油微生物菌剂(铜绿假单胞菌CGMCC No.23170)分别测定除油率、糖脂含量、生物聚合物含量和乳化率E24指标。经测得，维斯假丝酵母菌CGMCC No.3456除油率91％，糖脂含量为10.5g/L，枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.21860产生物聚合物葡萄糖醛酸的含量为5.1g/L，铜绿假单胞菌CGMCC No.23170菌株发酵液的E24为75％。
以油田现场原注水系统为基础，如图1所示的扩培装置(处理能力500m3/天)中进行复合微生物的扩培，扩培装置包括串联连接的钢制缓冲池、一级扩培池、二级扩培池、三级扩培池以及沉淀池，还配 置有复合菌剂投加装置和营养剂投加装置。三个扩培池中各自独立地安装有填料，供微生物附着生长，还各自独立地安装有曝气装置，用于提供微生物生长所需的氧气。一级扩培池中的进水口位于一级扩培池下部，出水口位于沉淀池的侧壁，一级扩培池与三级扩培池的溢流口分别位于池体上部，二级扩培池的溢流口位于池体上部，使得液流方向呈立体S形。
扩培：由进水口引入含油采出水，使装置中充满含油采出水。将组合20的三种菌的发酵液在生物搅拌罐中进行混合(混合后的发酵液中酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的活菌数之比为1：2：3)，并加入营养液，然后由加药泵缓慢泵入一级扩培池中(以装置中的料液的总体积为基准，三种菌的发酵液的用量为1体积％，营养液的用量为0.1体积％)。关闭装置的进水口和出水口，打开一级扩培池、二级扩培池和三级扩培池中的曝气装置，以提供微生物生长所需的氧气，扩培10天，使微生物在一级扩培池、二级扩培池和三级扩培池中的填料上挂膜生长繁殖，扩培后的物料中的活菌数≥1×108CFU/mL。
正常运行：打开装置的进水口和出水口，含油采出水(新鲜来水)经缓冲池缓冲后由进水口流入一级扩培池，通过溢流口使水流以S型路线溢流依次经过一级扩培池、二级扩培池、三级扩培池和沉淀池，通过出水口按照油田地质配注正常注入油藏。扩培装置中的水力停留时间为8h。
技术要求：
①来水含油量≤50.0mg/L、悬浮物含量≤50.0mg/L，进水流量稳定。
②反应池温度控制在35℃。
③每隔一周补菌一次(500kg发酵液)，每隔3天补营养液一次(1000kg，含糖蜜1kg，蛋白胨0.5kg，硫酸铵0.2kg，磷酸二氢钠0.3kg，磷酸氢二钾0.02kg，柠檬酸钠0.2kg)。
④风机进气量应确保反应池中含氧量在2.0mg/L以上。
⑤来水调节池、生化反应池、污水沉淀池、净化水罐每天排污3-5分钟。
⑥采出水处理流程中不得加入杀菌剂或安装杀菌装置。
⑦每周检测一次各级扩培池菌的浓度。检测方法参考GB4789.2-食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定。各级扩培池菌浓检测结果如表4 所示(单位为CFU/mL)。
表4
由表4结果可以看出，出水物料中的活菌数均达到了1×108CFU/mL以上，所以该扩培装置和方法能够起到扩繁投加的微生物的作用。
实施例4
按照实施例2的方法和装置进行室内岩心驱替模拟实验，不同的是，收集实施例3的扩培池出水进行室内岩心驱替实验。平行取3份扩培池出水样品，分别记为出水1、出水2和出水3，出水1、出水2和出水3的参数和岩心驱替效率如表5所示。
表5
表5中的结果表明，经过扩培后的出水，经过室内微生物驱替实验的验证确实能够提高原油的驱油效率。
对比例1
按照实施例3的方法和装置对油藏进行驱油，不同的是，装置为两组扩培池相互串联。具体地，扩培装置包括串联连接的钢制缓冲池、一级扩培池、二级扩培池以及沉淀池，还配置有复合菌剂投加装置和营养剂投加装置。两个扩培池中各自独立地安装有填料，供微生物附着生长，还各自独立地安装有曝气装置，用于提供微生物生长所需的氧气。一级扩培池中的进水口位于一级扩培池下部，出水口位于沉淀池的侧壁，一级扩培池的溢流口位于池体上部，二级扩培池的溢流口位于池体下部，使得液流方向呈立体S形。由三级扩培池减少为二级扩培池，出水中的菌浓的原油杂质情况如表6所示。
表6
由表6结果看出，经过二级扩培后的出水未达到油田水质处理标准(含油量≤10.0mg/L，出水物料中活菌数≥1×108CFU/mL)。本发明的扩培装置中的一级扩培池、二级扩培池、三级扩培池主要用于投加微生物的生长繁殖，以及来水中原油污染物的处理。三组扩培池相互串联，缺一不可。任意减少一组扩培装置则达不到菌浓的生长标准以及油田水质的处理标准。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合，这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容，均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：将复合微生物与含油采出水混合进行扩培，然后将扩培后的物料与待驱油油藏接触；其中，
    所述复合微生物包含保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌、保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌和保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述复合微生物中，保藏号为CGMCC No.3456的维斯假丝酵母菌、保藏号为CGMCC No.21860的枯草芽孢杆菌和保藏号为CGMCC No.23170的铜绿假单胞菌的活菌数之比为1：(1-3)：(1-5)，优选为1：(1.5-2.5)：(2-4)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述接触的条件包括：温度为28-42℃；
    优选地，所述含油采出水中油的含量不高于50mg/L。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述扩培在营养剂的存在下进行；
    优选地，所述营养剂包含糖蜜、蛋白胨、硫酸铵、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钾和柠檬酸钠；
    优选地，以所述营养剂的体积为1L计，所述营养剂包含1-2g的糖蜜、0.1-1g的蛋白胨、0.1-0.5g的硫酸铵、0.1-0.5g的磷酸二氢钠、0.01-0.05g的磷酸氢二钾和0.1-0.5g的柠檬酸钠。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述扩培的温度为28-42℃，优选为30-37℃；
    优选地，进行所述扩培时溶解氧含量DO为2mg/L以上；
    优选地，扩培的时间使得扩培后的物料中的活菌数为1×108CFU/mL以上。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，扩培后的物料的加入量使得接触后的物料中的活菌数为1×108CFU/mL以上；
    优选地，扩培后的物料的pH为6-8。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述扩培在扩培装置中进行，其中，所述装置包括：
    串联连接的一级扩培池、二级扩培池和三级扩培池，用于扩培复合微生物并脱除含油采出水中的油杂质。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：设置于所述一级扩培池上游的进水口，用于引入含油采出水。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述进水口位于所述一级扩培池下部。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：设置于所述三级扩培池下游的出水口，用于引出扩培后的物料和脱油后采出水。
  11. 根据权利要求7-10中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述一级扩培池、所述二级扩培池和所述三级扩培池中各自独立地安装有填料，用于供微生物附着生长；
    优选地，所述填料的材质选自醛化纤纶软性材料、悬浮球填料和纤维球填料中的至少一种。
  12. 根据权利要求7-11中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述一级扩培池、二级扩培池和三级扩培池中各自独立地安装有曝气装置，用于提供微生物生长所需的氧气。
  13. 根据权利要求7-12中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述一级扩培池与所述三级扩培池的溢流口分别位于池体上部， 所述二级扩培池的溢流口位于池体下部，使得液流方向呈立体S形。
  14. 根据权利要求7-13中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述装置还配置有沉淀池，用于沉淀水体中的固体杂质；
    优选地，所述沉淀池位于所述三级扩培池的下游。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述出水口位于所述沉淀池的侧壁。
  16. 根据权利要求7-15中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述装置还配置有缓冲池，用于缓冲所述含油采出水；
    优选地，沿液流走向，所述缓冲池位于一级扩培池的上游。
  17. 根据权利要求7-16中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述装置还配置有配液罐，用于将复合微生物和营养剂进行混合；
    优选地，沿液流走向，所述配液罐位于一级扩培池的上游。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述配液罐和所述一级扩培池之间还配置有加药泵，用于将复合微生物和营养剂的混合液引入所述一级扩培池中。
  19. 根据权利要求7-18中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述装置还配置有复合微生物投加装置，用于投加复合微生物。
  20. 根据权利要求7-19中任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述装置还配置有营养剂投加装置，用于投加营养剂。
PCT/CN2024/101039 2023-09-28 2024-06-24 具有采出水处理和驱油双重功能的复合微生物驱油体系的制备方法 Pending WO2025066331A1 (zh)

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