WO2025007629A1 - 电池换热器、电池包及车辆 - Google Patents

电池换热器、电池包及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025007629A1
WO2025007629A1 PCT/CN2024/090659 CN2024090659W WO2025007629A1 WO 2025007629 A1 WO2025007629 A1 WO 2025007629A1 CN 2024090659 W CN2024090659 W CN 2024090659W WO 2025007629 A1 WO2025007629 A1 WO 2025007629A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow channel
heat exchanger
battery heat
flow
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/090659
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
凌和平
黄伟
马锐
平朗
高邦
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BYD Co Ltd
Original Assignee
BYD Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BYD Co Ltd filed Critical BYD Co Ltd
Priority to DE112024002817.9T priority Critical patent/DE112024002817T5/de
Publication of WO2025007629A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025007629A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to a battery heat exchanger, a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • a battery heat exchanger is used to exchange heat for batteries in a battery pack.
  • the related technology uses a harmonica tube as a battery heat exchanger, in which the heat exchange medium undergoes a gas-liquid phase change.
  • Each flow channel of the harmonica tube is a straight tube, resulting in a large temperature difference between the temperature near the inlet and the temperature far from the inlet, which in turn causes uneven heat exchange of the battery. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the flow channel of the battery heat exchanger.
  • the flow channel has a diversion or confluence function
  • the heat exchange medium will be diverted or converged in the heat exchanger.
  • how to design a diversion and confluence structure, optimize the flow resistance of the heat exchange medium in different flow channels, and make the battery heat exchanger as evenly as possible to reduce the temperature difference between the various parts of the battery is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a battery heat exchanger application with good heat exchange performance, aiming to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art at least to a certain extent.
  • the battery heat exchanger includes a branch flow structure, and the branch flow structure includes a first flow channel, a second flow channel and a third flow channel; the cross-sectional area of the first flow channel is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second flow channel, and the cross-sectional area of the first flow channel is greater than the cross-sectional area of the third flow channel; wherein the first flow channel is connected to the first interface of the battery heat exchanger, and the second flow channel and the third flow channel are connected to the second interface of the battery heat exchanger.
  • vehicle according to the above embodiment of the present application may also have the following additional technical features:
  • a/s2 ⁇ 0.05 wherein a is the thickness of the substrate of the battery heat exchanger, and s2 is the maximum width of the first flow channel, the second flow channel, or the third flow channel.
  • s5 ⁇ 15mm, s6 ⁇ 45mm wherein s5 is the maximum width of the outer surface of the first flow channel, and s6 is the minimum distance between any flow channel and the surrounding structure.
  • the fluid in the first flow channel is diverted to the second flow channel and the third flow channel; when the flow diversion and confluence structure is used for confluence, the fluid in the second flow channel and the third flow channel converges into the first flow channel.
  • a cross-sectional area of the second flow channel is equal to a cross-sectional area of the third flow channel.
  • r1 ⁇ r2 wherein r1 is the radius of the first chamfer of the first flow channel or the second flow channel or the third flow channel away from the substrate of the battery heat exchanger, and r2 is the radius of the second chamfer of the first flow channel or the second flow channel or the third flow channel close to the substrate of the battery heat exchanger.
  • r1 ⁇ h1 wherein h1 is the maximum depth of the first flow channel, the second flow channel, or the third flow channel.
  • a b, wherein a is the thickness of the substrate of the battery heat exchanger, and b is the thickness of the flow channel plate of the battery heat exchanger.
  • h1 0.5*h2, wherein h1 is the maximum depth of the first flow channel, the second flow channel, or the third flow channel, and h2 is the total thickness of the battery heat exchanger.
  • the flow branching and converging structure further includes a fourth flow channel, the fourth flow channel is connected to the first flow channel, and a flange protruding toward the flow branching and converging structure is provided between the first flow channel and the fourth flow channel.
  • the battery pack provided according to the present application includes: a battery cell; a first battery heat exchanger and a second battery heat exchanger, wherein the first battery heat exchanger and the second battery heat exchanger are the battery heat exchangers described in the above embodiments; the substrate of the first battery heat exchanger contacts the first surface of the battery cell, and the substrate of the second battery heat exchanger contacts the second surface of the battery cell.
  • the vehicle is installed with the battery heat exchanger in the above embodiment, or is installed with the battery pack in the above embodiment.
  • the technical effect of the embodiment of the present application is that, at the position of the branch flow structure, the cross-sectional area of the first flow channel is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second flow channel, and the cross-sectional area of the first flow channel is greater than the cross-sectional area of the third flow channel.
  • the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flowing into the first flow channel is greater than the cross-sectional area of any refrigerant flowing out of the flow channel.
  • the battery pack also includes: battery cells, the battery cells are installed and arranged in the first groove; and a cover plate, the cover plate is covered on the first plate
  • FIG1 is an exploded view of a battery heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a top view of a battery heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a partial enlarged view along the portion A in FIG2 ;
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line C-C in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view along line D-D in Fig. 3;
  • FIG6 is a partial enlarged view of portion B in FIG2 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Flow channel plate 2 second flow channel 201, third flow channel 202, first chamfer 203, flow dividing and converging structure 204, second chamfer 205, flange 206, first flow channel 207, fourth flow channel 208, flow channel 209, false flow channel 210,
  • the first battery heat exchanger 100 The first battery heat exchanger 100,
  • the second battery heat exchanger 300 is the second battery heat exchanger 300.
  • the battery heat exchanger in the embodiment of the present application includes: a flow channel plate 2 and a substrate 3.
  • the flow channel plate 2 is formed with flow channel grooves by, for example, a stamping process, and the substrate 3 is welded to the flow channel plate 2 so that the flow channel grooves form a plurality of flow channels 209 as shown in Figure 6.
  • a boss with a height equal to the plate thickness b of the flow channel plate 2 is set at the lower end of the stud 1 for brazing positioning.
  • the bottom of the boss is brazed together with the base plate 3 and can be used to fix heat sink components such as the bottom sealing plate of the battery.
  • the inlet and outlet assembly 4 is used for the refrigerant fluid to enter and exit the battery heat exchanger.
  • the flow channel plate 2 can be formed by molding or blowing, and has the advantages of fast molding and light weight.
  • the flow channel plate 2 is punched at the welding position of the stud 1, and the hole diameter is the same as the boss diameter of the stud 1, which is used for welding positioning of the stud 1.
  • the substrate 3 is used to directly or indirectly contact the battery cell for heat exchange, and can ensure sufficient flatness.
  • the connection between the substrate 3 and the inlet and outlet assembly 4 needs to be punched for welding and positioning of the inlet and outlet assembly 4.
  • the flow channel plate 2 and the substrate 3 can be formed by welding to form an internal flow channel for the refrigerant fluid.
  • the inlet and outlet assembly 4 can be welded to the substrate 3 by a brazing process.
  • the flow channel distribution area is the heating area of the battery cell that needs to be cooled.
  • the number of flow channel distribution strips N of the battery heat exchanger can be calculated based on the width L of the heating area and the flow channel density ⁇ . Where s1 is the minimum distance between adjacent flow channels, and s2 will be described below.
  • the values of each value in the battery heat exchanger must meet the heat dissipation requirements as well as the pressure resistance requirements and welding quality requirements of the battery heat exchanger.
  • the battery heat exchanger includes a branch and confluence flow structure 204
  • the branch and confluence flow structure 204 includes a first flow channel 207, a second flow channel 201 and a third flow channel 202.
  • the first flow channel 207 is connected to the first interface of the battery heat exchanger
  • the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202 are connected to the second interface of the battery heat exchanger. More specifically, when the flow-dividing and converging structure 204 is used for flow diversion, the fluid in the first flow channel 207 is diverted to the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202.
  • the first flow channel 207 is directly or indirectly connected to the first interface, which refers to the fluid inlet, while the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202 are directly or indirectly connected to the second interface of the battery heat exchanger, which refers to the fluid outlet; when the flow-dividing and converging structure 204 is used for flow converging, the fluid in the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202 converge into the first flow channel 207.
  • the first flow channel 207 is directly or indirectly connected to the first interface, which serves as the fluid outlet, while the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202 are directly or indirectly connected to the second interface of the battery heat exchanger, which refers to the fluid inlet.
  • the first interface and the second interface refer to different concepts according to the different roles played by the flow-dividing and converging structure 204.
  • part of the flow dividing and converging structures 204 is used for flow dividing, and part of the flow dividing and converging structures 204 is used for flow converging.
  • the diagram only shows the cross-sections of the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202, wherein the cross-sectional area of the second flow channel 201 is marked as A2, and the cross-sectional area of the third flow channel is marked as A3.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first flow channel 207 can have a shape similar to that of the second flow channel 201 and the second flow channel 203, but the specific size is different, and the cross-sectional area of the first flow channel 207 is marked as A1.
  • the cross-sectional area A1 of the first flow channel 207 is larger than that of the third flow channel 202.
  • the cross-sectional area A2 of the second flow channel 201, the cross-sectional area A1 of the first flow channel 207 is greater than the cross-sectional area A3 of the third flow channel 202; in other words, the cross-sectional area A1 of the first flow channel 207 is the largest among the three flow channels of the flow-dividing and converging structure 204.
  • A1, A2 and A3 all refer to the area surrounded by the inner surfaces of the first flow channel 207, the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202, which is also the cross-sectional area that allows the fluid to pass through, and does not include the cross-sectional area of the substrate 3 and the flow channel plate 2.
  • the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flowing into the first flow channel 207 is larger than the cross-sectional area of any refrigerant outflow flow channel. This ensures that no matter whether the refrigerant flowing into the first flow channel 207 is in gaseous, liquid, or a gas-liquid coexisting state, after being diverted to the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202 through the branching structure 204, no flow path will produce a sharp drop in pressure, thereby ensuring that the refrigerant can be smoothly diverted to the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202 at the branching structure 204, and neither the second flow channel 201 nor the third flow channel 202 will be diverted too much due to a sharp drop in pressure, thereby improving the heat exchange performance of the entire battery heat exchanger.
  • the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant converging to the first flow channel 207 is larger than the cross-sectional area of any refrigerant inflow channel. This ensures that no matter whether the refrigerant flowing into the second flow channel 201 or the third flow channel 202 is gaseous, liquid, or a gas-liquid coexistence state, after converging to the first flow channel 207 through the branch and confluence structure 204, the first flow channel 207 will not produce a sharp increase in pressure, thereby ensuring that the refrigerant can be smoothly converged to the first flow channel 207 at the branch and confluence structure 204, and will not cause any of the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202 to have excessive flow resistance due to a sharp increase in pressure, resulting in uneven convergence, thereby improving the heat exchange performance of the entire battery heat exchanger.
  • the shape of each flow channel observed from the outside is shown.
  • the maximum width s5 of the outer surface of the first flow channel 207, the maximum width s3 of the outer surface of the second flow channel 201, and the maximum width s4 of the outer surface of the third flow channel 202 can adopt the same or different values as shown in Table 1.
  • s3, s4 and s5 include the thickness of the flow channel plate 2 constituting the flow channel.
  • the cross-sections of the first flow channel 207, the second flow channel 201, and the third flow channel 202 can be similar in shape, so for simplicity, the maximum width of the first flow channel 207, the maximum width of the second flow channel 201, and the maximum width of the third flow channel 202 are uniformly referred to as the maximum width s2 in FIG4.
  • s2 can be the maximum width of the inner surface of the first flow channel 207, the maximum width of the inner surface of the second flow channel 201, and the maximum width of the inner surface of the third flow channel 202, or the maximum width of the outer surface of the first flow channel 207, the maximum width of the outer surface of the second flow channel 201, and the maximum width of the outer surface of the third flow channel 202.
  • the specific values of s2 of the first flow channel 207, the second flow channel 201, and the third flow channel 202 can also be the same or different.
  • h1 is the maximum depth of the first flow channel 207 or the second flow channel 201 or the third flow channel 202
  • a is the thickness of the substrate 3 of the battery heat exchanger
  • b is the thickness of the flow channel plate 2 of the battery heat exchanger
  • h2 is the total thickness of the battery heat exchanger (excluding the height of the stud 1 and the inlet and outlet assembly 4)
  • r1 is the radius of the first chamfer 203 of the substrate 3 of the first flow channel 207 or the second flow channel 201 or the third flow channel 202 away from the battery heat exchanger
  • r2 is the radius of the first flow channel 207 or the second flow channel 201 or the third flow channel 202 close to the battery heat exchanger.
  • s1 is the radius of the second chamfer 205 of the substrate 3 of the heat exchanger
  • s2 is the maximum width of the first flow channel 207 or the second flow channel 201 or the third flow channel 202.
  • these parameters are partially marked on the second flow channel 201 or the second flow channel 202 in Figure 4. The applicant found that these parameters affect each other and ultimately affect the pressure resistance performance, welding reliability, etc. of the entire battery heat exchanger.
  • each flow channel is formed by processing the flow channel plate 2, the larger h1 is, the greater the thinning rate of the flow channel plate 2 is, and the lower the pressure resistance is.
  • a larger s1 can be reserved, thereby obtaining a larger welding width and improving welding reliability. Therefore, an optimal balance needs to be achieved between pressure resistance and welding reliability.
  • the shape of the cross section is related to h1 and s2, and the shape of the cross section will affect the flow resistance of the flow channel, and the value of s2 will also affect the value of s1, thereby affecting the welding reliability, and h1 will affect the thinning rate and thus the pressure resistance.
  • the shape of the cross section is also related to h1 and r2, and the shape of the cross section will affect the flow resistance of the flow channel, and the value of h1 will also affect the thinning rate, and thus affect the pressure resistance.
  • h1/r2 ⁇ [1/7,5/2] that is, when the value range of h1/r2 is between 1/7 (inclusive) and 5/2 (inclusive)
  • the flow resistance and pressure resistance of the flow channel can achieve a good balance.
  • the above numerical combination can reduce the thinning rate of the battery heat exchanger while ensuring the pressure resistance of the battery heat exchanger.
  • the battery heat exchanger can meet the refrigerant pressure requirements for battery heat exchange and reduce the mass of the battery heat exchanger.
  • the thickness a of the substrate 3 cannot be too thin, otherwise it will affect the pressure resistance of the battery heat exchanger. At the same time, it cannot be too thick, otherwise it will cause material waste, and the pressure resistance is also related to s2.
  • a/s2 cannot be infinitely large, and the maximum should not exceed 0.6, otherwise it will cause material waste.
  • a/s2 ⁇ 0.05 facilitates the stamping of the flow channel plate 2, and at the same time enables the battery heat exchanger to meet the refrigerant pressure requirements required for battery heat exchange.
  • the ratio of the maximum width of the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202 will affect the flow divergence effect. If the ratio is too small or too large, the flow resistance in the two flow channels will be uneven, resulting in too much fluid in one flow channel and too little fluid in the other flow channel, which will damage the temperature uniformity of the entire battery heat exchanger.
  • s5 is the maximum width of the outer surface of the first flow channel
  • s6 is the minimum distance between any flow channel and the surrounding structure.
  • the surrounding structure can be an adjacent flow channel, or it can be, for example, the stud 1 or the false flow channel 210 in Figure 6.
  • s6 directly affects the welding quality and the pressure resistance of the battery heat exchanger. If s6 is too small, the pressure in the flow channel can easily cause the weld to fail, causing the second flow channel 201 to be connected to the third flow channel 202, causing cracks between the flow channel and the surrounding structure, and losing the refrigerant diversion function.
  • This embodiment is designed to be 3mm ⁇ s6 ⁇ 45mm, thereby achieving a balance between pressure resistance and welding quality.
  • the size of s5 affects both the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel and the welding quality and pressure resistance. Therefore, 5mm ⁇ s5 ⁇ 15mm is preferred, at which time the welding quality and pressure resistance can be balanced. s3/s4 ⁇ [1/3,3/1], 5mm ⁇ s5 ⁇ 15mm, 3mm ⁇ s6 ⁇ 45mm.
  • This parameter combination can meet the welding performance of the battery heat exchanger and ensure that no welding bubbles remain. It also ensures that the pressure resistance of the battery heat exchanger meets the requirements while ensuring that the processing of the battery heat exchanger is feasible.
  • the radii r1 and r2 affect the thinning rate of the flow channel plate 2 and also affect the specific shape of the flow channel cross section.
  • r1 ⁇ r2 means that the flow channel is smoother near the substrate 3 and sharper away from the substrate 3, which can avoid pressure concentration at the joint between the substrate 3 and the flow channel plate 2 and cause welding failure.
  • r1 and h1 affect the thinning rate of the flow channel plate 2 at the flow channel.
  • r1 ⁇ h1 is preferably used to ensure that the thinning rate can meet the pressure resistance requirements while making the bottom surface of the flow channel away from the bottom plate 3 smoother and avoiding sharp corners.
  • the cross-sectional area of the second flow channel 201 is equal to the cross-sectional area of the third flow channel 202.
  • the advantage of this structure is that the difference in cross-sectional area between the second flow channel 201 and the third flow channel 202 will not cause uneven flow of the refrigerant, thereby enabling the battery heat exchanger to obtain good temperature uniformity.
  • the third flow channel groove 202 has a first chamfer 203 away from the substrate 3 and a second chamfer 205 close to the substrate 3, and the radius r1 of the first chamfer 203 is smaller than the radius r2 of the second chamfer 205.
  • the shapes of other flow channels can be the same as the third flow channel groove 202, so they are not described in detail. In the process of stamping the flow channel groove, if r1 is the same as r2 or even exceeds r2, it will lead to the inability to punch out the flow channel groove in the process, so r1 ⁇ r2. The radii r1 and r2 will affect the thinning rate of the flow channel plate 2.
  • r1 is less than the flow channel depth h1 to avoid insufficient pressure resistance.
  • stamping forming of the flow channel groove can also be achieved through the stamping process.
  • the maximum depth h1 of the flow channel is greater than the thickness b of the substrate 3 and the thickness of the flow channel plate 2.
  • h1/(a+b) ⁇ [3/2.8,2] the thinning rate and pressure resistance are met at the same time.
  • s1 ⁇ [4,15] the welding quality requirements can also be met.
  • the depth h1 of the flow channel groove is equal to half of the total thickness h2 of the battery heat exchanger.
  • the total thickness of the battery heat exchanger is the distance between the upper surface of the substrate 3 and the lower surface of the second flow channel 201 or the third flow channel groove 202.
  • the figure shows two branch and confluence flow structures 204, wherein the branch and confluence flow structure 204 on the right side also includes a fourth flow channel 208, and the fourth flow channel 208 is connected to the first flow channel 207.
  • the fourth flow channel 208 is connected to the first flow channel 207 in the branch and confluence flow structure 204 on the left side, thereby making the two branch and confluence flow structures 204 connected in parallel.
  • the function of the flange 206 is, on the one hand, to make part of the refrigerant in the first flow channel 207 flow into the branch and confluence flow structure 204, and part of it flow toward the fourth flow channel 208 and enter the next branch and confluence flow structure 204, and on the other hand, it can also improve the welding quality.
  • the flange 206 can ensure a smooth confluence, and the principle is exactly the opposite of the diversion.
  • the embodiments of the present application can achieve the optimal performance of the battery heat exchanger.
  • a battery pack including:
  • a first battery heat exchanger 100 and a second battery heat exchanger 200 wherein the first battery heat exchanger 100 and the second battery heat exchanger 200 are the battery heat exchangers as described in any of the preceding items;
  • the substrate 3 of the first battery heat exchanger 100 contacts the first surface of the battery cell 300, and the substrate 3 of the second battery heat exchanger 200 contacts the second surface of the battery cell 300.
  • the first surface and the second surface are the upper surface and the lower surface, respectively.
  • the large-area stamped battery heat exchanger reduces the temperature equalizing plate between the harmonica tube and the battery cell 300.
  • the substrate 3 plays the role of the temperature equalizing plate.
  • One side of the substrate 3 is in direct contact with the refrigerant, and the other side is in contact with the battery cell 300 through a thermally conductive structural adhesive.
  • the heat generated by the battery cell 300 is directly transferred to the refrigerant through the substrate 3 and taken out of the battery pack, which greatly improves the heat transfer efficiency of the battery heat exchanger, thereby significantly improving the heat dissipation effect of the battery pack.
  • the battery heat exchanger itself can also serve as a battery pack cover, making the structure simpler and the cost lower.
  • a vehicle is provided, wherein the vehicle is equipped with a battery heat exchanger as described in any one of the above items, or is equipped with a battery pack as described in the above items.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池换热器，应用于电池包及车辆，电池换热器包括分汇流结构204，分汇流结构204包括第一流道207、第二流道201和第三流道202，第一流道207的横截面面积大于第二流道201的横截面面积，第一流道207的横截面面积大于第三流道202的横截面面积；其中第一流道207与电池换热器的第一接口连通，第二流道201和第三流道202与电池换热器的第二接口连通。

Description

电池换热器、电池包及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202310807722.7，申请日为2023年7月3日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆技术领域，涉及一种电池换热器、电池包及车辆。
背景技术
相关技术中采用电池换热器对电池包中的电池进行换热。
相关技术采用口琴管作为电池换热器，换热工质在换热其中进行气液两相的变化，口琴管的每一流道均为直管，导致靠近进口的温度度与远离进口的温度度差大，进而引起电池换热不均。因此需要优化电池换热器的流道，当流道具备分流或汇流功能时，换热工质会在换热器中进行分流或汇流。然而如何设计分汇流结构，优化换热工质在不同流道中的流阻，使电池换热器尽可能的均匀换热，以使电池各部分温差减小，是亟需解决的问题。
申请内容
本申请实施例的目的是提供一种具备良好换热性能的电池换热器申请，旨在至少在一定程度上解决现有技术中的上述技术问题之一。
根据本申请提供的电池换热器，所述电池换热器包括分汇流结构，所述分汇流结构包括第一流道、第二流道和第三流道；所述第一流道的横截面面积大于所述第二流道的横截面面积，所述第一流道的横截面面积大于所述第三流道的横截面面积；其中所述第一流道与所述电池换热器的第一接口连通，所述第二流道和所述第三流道与所述电池换热器的第二接口连通。
另外，根据本申请上述实施例的车辆还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
根据本申请的一个示例，h1/b∈[1/3，10]，其中，h1为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大深度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板的厚度。
根据本申请的一个示例，h1/s2∈[1/20,1]，其中，h1为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大深度，s2为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大宽度。
根据本申请的一个示例，h1/r2∈[1/7,5/2]，其中，h1为所述第一流道或所述第二流道 或所述第三流道的最大深度，r2为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的靠近所述电池换热器的基板的第二倒角的半径。
根据本申请的一个示例，h1/b∈[1/3，10]，h1/s2∈[1/20,1]，h1/r2∈[1/7,5/2]，其中，h1为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大深度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板的厚度，s2为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大宽度，r2为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的靠近所述电池换热器的基板的第二倒角的半径。
根据本申请的一个示例，h1/b∈[1/3,5/1]，h1/s2∈[1/15,1/3]，h1/r2∈[1/7,2/5]，其中，h1为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大深度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板的厚度，s2为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大宽度，r2为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的靠近所述电池换热器的基板的第二倒角的半径。
根据本申请的一个示例，a/s2≥0.05，其中，a为所述电池换热器的基板的厚度，s2为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大宽度。
根据本申请的一个示例，s3/s4∈[5/20,4]，其中，s3为所述第二流道的外表面的最大宽度，s4为所述第三流道的外表面的最大宽度。
根据本申请的一个示例，s3/s4∈[1/3,3/1]，其中，s3为所述第二流道的外表面的最大宽度，s4为所述第三流道的外表面的最大宽度。
根据本申请的一个示例，s5≤15mm，s6≤45mm，其中，s5为所述第一流道的外表面的最大宽度，s6为任一流道与周边结构之间的最小距离。
根据本申请的一个示例，当所述分汇流结构用于分流时，所述第一流道的流体分流至所述第二流道和所述第三流道；当所述分汇流结构用于汇流时，所述第二流道和所述第三流道的流体汇入所述第一流道。
根据本申请的一个示例，所述第二流道的横截面面积等于所述第三流道的横截面面积。
根据本申请的一个示例，r1≤r2，其中，r1为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道远离所述电池换热器的基板的第一倒角的半径，r2为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道靠近所述电池换热器的基板的第二倒角的半径。
根据本申请的一个示例，r1≤h1，其中，h1为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大深度。
根据本申请的一个示例，a＝b，其中，a为所述电池换热器的基板的厚度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板的厚度。
根据本申请的一个示例，h1＞(a+b)，其中，h1为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所 述第三流道的最大深度，a为所述电池换热器的基板的厚度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板的厚度。
根据本申请的一个示例，h1＝0.5*h2，其中，h1为所述第一流道或所述第二流道或所述第三流道的最大深度，h2为所述电池换热器的总厚度。
根据本申请的一个示例，所述分汇流结构还包括第四流道，所述第四流道与所述第一流道连通，所述第一流道与所述第四流道之间具有向着所述分汇流结构凸出的凸缘。
根据本申请提供的电池包，包括：电芯；第一电池换热器和第二电池换热器，所述第一电池换热器和所述第二电池换热器为上述实施例中所述的电池换热器；所述第一电池换热器的基板与所述电芯的第一表面接触，所述第二电池换热器的基板与所述电芯的第二表面接触。
根据本申请提供的车辆，所述车辆安装有上述实施例中的电池换热器，或安装有上述实施例中的电池包。
本申请实施例的技术效果在于，在分汇流结构位置，第一流道的横截面面积大于第二流道的横截面面积，第一流道的横截面面积大于第三流道的横截面面积，换言之，在分汇流结进行分流时，冷媒流入第一流道的横截面面积大于任何一个冷媒流出流道的横截面面积，这使得无论流入第一流道的冷媒是气态、液态还是气液共存状态，在经过分汇流结构分流至第二流道、第三流道后，任何一个流路都不会产生压强的急剧降低，从而保证了冷媒在分汇流结构处能够被平稳地分流至第二流道和第三流道，不会使第二流道和第三流道中的任何一个因压强急剧降低而分流过多，因此整个电池换热器的换热性能得到了提高。相反，在分汇流结进行汇流时，冷媒汇流至第一流道的横截面面积大于任何一个冷媒流入流道的横截面面积，这使得无论流入第二流道、第三流道的冷媒是气态、液态还是气液共存状态，在经过分汇流结构汇流至第一流道后，第一流道不会产生压强的急剧升高，从而保证了冷媒在分汇流结构处能够被平稳地汇流至第一流道，不会使第二流道和第三流道中的任何一个因压强急剧升高而造成流阻过高，造成汇流不均，因此整个电池换热器的换热性能得到了提高。本申请的一个示例，所述电池包还包括：电芯，所述电芯安装排列在所述第一凹槽内；盖板，所述盖板盖设于所述第一板体上。
通过以下参照附图对本申请的示例性实施例的详细描述，本申请的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本申请的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本申请的原理。
图1为本申请实施例的电池换热器的爆炸图；
图2为本申请实施例的电池换热器的俯视图；
图3为沿图2中的A部分的局部放大图；
图4为沿图3中的C-C线的剖视图；
图5为沿图3中的D-D线的剖视图；
图6为图2中的B部分的局部放大图；
图7为本申请实施例的电池包的立体图。
【附图标记】
螺柱1，
流道板2，第二流道201，第三流道202，第一倒角203，分汇流结构204，第二倒角205，凸缘206，第一流道207，第四流道208，流道209，假流道210，
基板3，
进出口总成4，
第一电池换热器100，
第二电池换热器300，
电芯300。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本申请的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
如图1至图6所示，本申请实施例中的电池换热器包括：流道板2和基板3。更详细地，所述流道板2上通过例如冲压工艺形成有流道槽，基板3与所述流道板2焊接连接，使所述流道槽形成如图6所示的多个流道209。
螺柱1的下端设置高度等于流道板2的板厚b的凸台，用于钎焊定位，凸台底部与基板3钎焊为一体，可用于对电池底部封板等散热体零部件固定。
进出口总成4用于冷媒流体进出电池换热器。
流道板2可通过模压或吹胀形成，具有成型快，重量轻的优点。
流道板2在螺柱1焊接处进行打孔，孔径与螺柱1的凸台直径相同，用于螺柱1焊接定位。
基板3用于与电芯直接或者间接接触从而进行换热，可以保证足够的平面度。基板3与进出口总成4连接处需进行打孔，用于进出口总成4焊接定位。流道板2和基板3可通过焊接成型，形成冷媒流体的内部流道。进出口总成4可通过钎焊工艺与基板3焊接成型。
如图2所示，对于电池换热器来说，流道分布区域均为需要进行散热的电芯发热区域，电池换热器的流道分布条数N可根据发热区域的宽度L和流道密度ρ进行计算。结合图3所示，流道密度其中s1为相邻流道之间的最小距离，s2将在下文中进行描述。电池换热器中各个数值的取值既要满足散热需求，也要满足电池换热器的耐压性要求和焊接质量要求。
如图3所示，电池换热器包括分汇流结构204，分汇流结构204包括第一流道207、第二流道201和第三流道202。其中，所述第一流道207与所述电池换热器的第一接口连通，所述第二流道201和所述第三流道202与所述电池换热器的第二接口连通。更具体地，当所述分汇流结构204用于分流时，所述第一流道207的流体分流至所述第二流道201和所述第三流道202，此时第一流道207直接或者间接与第一接口连通，第一接口指的是流体入口，而所述第二流道201和所述第三流道202直接或间接与所述电池换热器的第二接口连通，第二接口指的是流体出口；当所述分汇流结构204用于汇流时，所述第二流道201和所述第三流道202的流体汇入所述第一流道207，此时第一流道207直接或者间接与第一接口连通，第一接口作为流体出口，而所述第二流道201和所述第三流道202直接或间接与所述电池换热器的第二接口连通，第二接口指的是流体入口。换言之，第一接口、第二接口根据分汇流结构204所起到的作用不同，而指代不同的概念。实际上，如图2所示，在整个电池换热器的冷媒流体流路上，部分的分汇流结构204用于分流，部分的分汇流结构204用于汇流。
如图4所示，该图示仅示出了第二流道201和第三流道202的横截面，其中第二流道201的横截面面积标记为A2，第三流道的横截面面积标记为A3。如图5所示，第一流道207的横截面能够拥有与第二流道201、第二流道203类似的形状，只是具体尺寸不同，该第一流道207的横截面面积标记为A1。其中，所述第一流道207的横截面面积A1大于所述第 二流道201的横截面面积A2，所述第一流道207的横截面面积A1大于所述第三流道202的横截面面积A3；换言之，第一流道207的横截面面积A1是分汇流结构204的三个流道中最大者。在本文中，A1、A2和A3均指的是第一流道207、第二流道201、第三流道202的内表面所包围的面积，也是允许流体通过的横截面面积，而不包含基板3和流道板2的横截面面积。在分汇流结204进行分流时，冷媒流入第一流道207的横截面面积大于任何一个冷媒流出流道的横截面面积，这使得无论流入第一流道207的冷媒是气态、液态还是气液共存状态，在经过分汇流结构204分流至第二流道201、第三流道202后，任何一个流路都不会产生压强的急剧降低，从而保证了冷媒在分汇流结构204处能够被平稳地分流至第二流道201和第三流道202，不会使第二流道201和第三流道202中的任何一个因压强急剧降低而分流过多，因此整个电池换热器的换热性能得到了提高。相反，在分汇流结进行汇流时，冷媒汇流至第一流道207的横截面面积大于任何一个冷媒流入流道的横截面面积，这使得无论流入第二流道201、第三流道202的冷媒是气态、液态还是气液共存状态，在经过分汇流结构204汇流至第一流道207后，第一流道207不会产生压强的急剧升高，从而保证了冷媒在分汇流结构204处能够被平稳地汇流至第一流道207，不会使第二流道201和第三流道202中的任何一个因压强急剧升高而造成流阻过高，造成汇流不均，因此整个电池换热器的换热性能得到了提高。
如图3所示，该图显示的是从外侧观察到的各个流道的形状。在第一流道207、第二流道201和第三流道202的横截面面积满足上述条件的情况下，第一流道207的外表面的最大宽度s5、第二流道201的外表面的最大宽度s3、第三流道202的外表面的最大宽度s4能够采用如表1所示的相同或者不用的数值。s3、s4和s5包括了构成流道的流道板2的厚度。
如前所述，第一流道207、第二流道201和第三流道202的横截面的形状能够类似，因此为了简洁，在图4中将第一流道207的最大宽度、第二流道201的最大宽度、第三流道202的最大宽度统一以最大宽度s2指代。s2既可以是第一流道207的内表面的最大宽度、第二流道201的内表面的最大宽度、第三流道202的内表面的最大宽度，也可以是第一流道207的外表面的最大宽度、第二流道201的外表面的最大宽度、第三流道202的外表面的最大宽度。第一流道207、第二流道201和第三流道202的s2在具体取值上也能够相同或者不同。
如图4所示，h1为所述第一流道207或所述第二流道201或所述第三流道202的最大深度，a为所述电池换热器的基板3的厚度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板2的厚度，h2为所述电池换热器的总厚度(不包括螺柱1和进出口总成4的高度)，r1为所述第一流道207或所述第二流道201或所述第三流道202远离所述电池换热器的基板3的第一倒角203的半径，r2为所述第一流道207或所述第二流道201或所述第三流道202靠近所述电池换热 器的基板3的第二倒角205的半径，s1为第二流道槽201与第三流道槽202之间的最小距离，s2为所述第一流道207或所述第二流道201或所述第三流道202的最大宽度。为了简洁，图4中将这些参数部分集中标注在了第二流道201或第二流道202处。申请人发现，这些参数之间相互影响，最终会影响整个电池换热器的耐压性能、焊接可靠性等。
由于各个流道是通过对流道板2进行加工形成的，因此h1越大，流道板2的减薄率越大，耐压性越低，但是同时在横截面面积不变的情况下，又能够留出更大的s1，从而获得更大的焊接宽度而提高焊接可靠性，因此耐压性与焊接可靠性之间需要达到一个优化平衡。申请人发现，h1/b∈[1/3，10]，即，h1/b的取值范围在1/3(含)至10(含)之间时，耐压性与焊接可靠性能够获得一个良好平衡。
在流道的横截面面积不变的条件下，横截面的形状与h1和s2相关，而横截面的形状又会影响流道的流阻，且s2的取值也会影响s1的取值，进而影响焊接可靠性，h1又会影响减薄率进而影响耐压性。申请人发现，h1/s2∈[1/20,1]，即，h1/s2的取值范围在1/20(含)至1(含)之间时，流道流阻与焊接可靠性能够获得一个良好平衡。
同理，在流道的横截面面积不变的条件下，横截面的形状还与h1和r2相关，而横截面的形状又会影响流道的流阻，且h1的取值也会影响减薄率，进而影响耐压性。申请人发现，h1/r2∈[1/7,5/2]，即，h1/r2的取值范围在1/7(含)至5/2(含)之间时，流道流阻与耐压性能够获得一个良好平衡。
申请人进一步发现，h1/b∈[1/3，10]，h1/s2∈[1/20,1]，h1/r2∈[1/7,5/2]，三个条件同时满足时，电池换热器的流道流阻、耐压性能、焊接可靠性均能够获得良好的平衡。
申请人发现，h1/b∈[1/3,5/1]，h1/s2∈[1/15,1/3]，h1/r2∈[1/7,2/5]，满足该三个条件时，电池换热器的流道流阻、耐压性能、焊接可靠性达到最优状态。上述数值组合，可以降低电池换热器的减薄率，同时保证电池换热器的耐压值，电池换热器可满足电池换热所需冷媒压力的需求，同时减轻电池换热器的质量。
基板3的厚度a不能过薄，否则会影响电池换热器的耐压性，同时也不能过厚，否则会造成材料浪费，而耐压性还与s2相关。申请人发现，a/s2≥0.05时，基板3厚度所带来的耐压性能会有显著的提升。当然，a/s2也不能无限变大，最大不应当超过0.6，否则会造成材料浪费。a/s2≥0.05，便于流道板2冲压成型，同时使电池换热器可满足电池换热所需冷媒压力的需求。
如图3所示，第二流道201和第三流道202的最大宽度的比值会影响分汇流效果，两者之间比值过小或者过大，都会导致两条流道内因流阻不均而使得一条流道流体过多而另一条流道流体过少，这会损害整个电池换热器的均温性。申请人发现，s3/s4∈[5/20,4]，即两个流道的最大宽度比在5/20(含)至4(含)之间时，能够保证电池换热器的均温性。
更优选地，s3/s4∈[1/3,3/1]，使得两个流道中的冷媒的流阻更加接近。
如图3和图6所示，s5为所述第一流道的外表面的最大宽度，s6为任一流道与周边结构之间的最小距离。其中，周边结构可以是相邻的流道，也可以是例如图6中的螺柱1或者假流道210。s6直接影响焊接质量和电池换热器耐压性。如果s6过小，则流道中的压力容易导致焊接处失效，使第二流道201与第三流道202连通，使流道与周边结构之间产生开裂，失去冷媒分流功能。而如果s6过大，则容易导致焊接质量缺陷，例如无法排气等，从而影响电池换热器整体性能。本实施例设计3mm≤s6≤45mm，从而实现了耐压性与焊接质量的平衡。s5的大小既影响流道的横截面形状，又会影响焊接质量和耐压性，因此优选5mm≤s5≤15mm，此时焊接质量与耐压性能够得到平衡。s3/s4∈[1/3,3/1]，5mm≤s5≤15mm，3mm≤s6≤45mm，这种参数组合能够满足电池换热器焊接性能，保证不发生焊接气泡残留，在满足电池换热器加工可行的前提下保证电池换热器耐压满足需求。
如图4所示，半径r1、r2会影响流道板2的减薄率，同时也影响了流道横截面的具体形状，r1≤r2，意味着流道靠近基板3处更加平滑，而远离基板3处更加尖锐，能够避免压力集中于基板3与流道板2之间的接缝处造成焊接失效。
r1和h1均影响着流道板2在流道处的减薄率，但如果r1过大，则会导致为了达到合适的冲压深度h1，流道的最底面形成一个尖角，使得尖角处会产生压力集中，并且在电池换热器的实际使用过程中容易因剐蹭而破裂，因此优选r1≤h1，在保证减薄率能够满足耐压需求的同时，使得流道远离底板3的底面更加平缓，不至于产生尖角。
在一些实施例中，第二流道201的横截面面积等于第三流道202的横截面面积。这种结构的优势在于，第二流道201与第三流道202之间不会因为横截面面积差导致冷媒的分流不均，从而使电池换热器获得良好的均温性。
如图4所示，以第三流道202为例，第三流道槽202具有远离所述基板3的第一倒角203和靠近所述基板3的第二倒角205，所述第一倒角203的半径r1小于所述第二倒角205的半径r2。其它流道的形状能够与第三流道槽202相同，因此不再详述。在冲压形成流道槽的过程中，如果r1与r2相同甚至超过r2，则会导致工艺上无法冲压出流道槽，因此使r1≤r2。而半径r1、r2会影响流道板2的减薄率，r1和r2越小，减薄率越大，电池换热器的耐压性越低，因此优选r1小于流道深度h1，避免耐压性不足，同时也能够通过冲压工艺实现流道槽的冲压成型。
在一些实施例中，所述流道板2的厚度a等于所述基板3的厚度b。因此选择a＝b实现了耐压性与散热性的平衡，这样会使基板3或者流道板2相对另一方来说不会产生过高的耐压性。
在一些实施例中，所述流道的最大深度h1大于所述基板3的厚度b与所述流道板2的 厚度a之和，即，h1＞(a+b)，这样，在相同的冷媒流道截面积下，第二流道201与第三流道202之间的宽度s1能够被尽量增大，从而避免电池换热器因耐压性不足导致第二流道201与第三流道槽202贯通。h1/(a+b)∈[3/2.8,2]时,减薄率与耐压性同时的到满足。相应地，s1∈[4,15]，焊接质量需求也能够得到满足。
在一些实施例中，所述流道槽的深度h1等于所述电池换热器总厚度h2的一半。如图4所示，电池换热器总厚度为基板3的上表面至第二流道201或第三流道槽202的下表面之间的距离。这种结构的优势在于，虽然流道板2在流道处被冲压而减薄，但这种深度的限定，仍然能够保证电池换热器能够获得良好的耐压性，同时也使s1的值能够满足要求。
如图3所示，该图示出了两个分汇流结构204，其中右侧的分汇流结构204中，还包括第四流道208，所述第四流道208与所述第一流道207连通。其中，第四流道208与左侧分汇流结构204中的第一流道207连通，由此使得两个分汇流结构204并联。所述第一流道207与所述第四流道208之间具有向着所述分汇流结构204凸出的凸缘206，该凸缘206的作用，一方面是使第一流道207中的冷媒部分流入分汇流结构204，部分向着第四流道208分流进入下一个分汇流结构204，另一方面也能够使得焊接质量得到提高。当分汇流结构204作为汇流使用时，该凸缘206能够保证平稳汇流，原理与分流恰好相反。
如表1所示，如果单考虑某一因素的话，以一示例性的电池换热器设计为例，则如图1至图6所示的各项参数的取值范围及有益效果如表中各栏所示。
表1
然而，在本申请实施例中，因为考虑到了散热性能、耐压性和焊接质量等多重因素，因此增加了如前所述的各项限制，所以最终选择的参数为：
s1＝8mm；s2＝13mm；h1＝3mm；a＝1.4mm；b＝1.4mm；h2＝6mm；r1＝2.8mm；r2＝4mm；ρ＝7mm；s3＝11mm；s4＝11mm；s5＝12mm；s6＝10mm。换言之，本申请的实施例能够达到电池换热器的最优性能。
如图7所示，根据本申请实施例的第二方面，提供一种电池包，包括：
电芯300；
第一电池换热器100和第二电池换热器200，所述第一电池换热器100和所述第二电池换热器200为如前任一项所述的电池换热器；
所述第一电池换热器100的基板3与所述电芯300的第一表面接触，所述第二电池换热器200的基板3与所述电芯300的第二表面接触。在图7中，第一表面、第二表面分别为上表面、下表面。与口琴冷板相比，大面积冲压电池换热器减少了口琴管与电芯300间的均温板，基板3起到了均温板的作用，基板3一侧与冷媒直接接触，另一侧与电芯300通过导热结构胶接触，电芯300产生的热量通过基板3直接传递给冷媒带出电池包，大大提升了电池换热器的传热效率，从而显著改善电池包散热效果。电池换热器本身还能够起到电池包盖板的作用，使得结构更加简单，成本更低。
根据本申请实施例的第三方面，提供一种车辆，所述车辆安装有如前述任一项所述的电池换热器，或者安装有如前所述的电池包。
虽然已经通过例子对本申请的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本申请的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本申请的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本申请的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池换热器，其特征在于，所述电池换热器包括分汇流结构(204)，所述分汇流结构(204)包括第一流道(207)、第二流道(201)和第三流道(202)；
    所述第一流道(207)的横截面面积(A1)大于所述第二流道(201)的横截面面积(A2)，所述第一流道(207)的横截面面积(A1)大于所述第三流道(202)的横截面面积(A3)；
    其中所述第一流道(207)与所述电池换热器的第一接口连通，所述第二流道(201)和所述第三流道(202)与所述电池换热器的第二接口连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，h1/b∈[1/3，10]，其中，h1为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大深度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板(2)的厚度。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，h1/s2∈[1/20,1]，其中，h1为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大深度，s2为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，h1/r2∈[1/7,5/2]，其中，h1为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大深度，r2为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的靠近所述电池换热器的基板(3)的第二倒角的半径。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，h1/b∈[1/3，10]，h1/s2∈[1/20,1]，h1/r2∈[1/7,5/2]，其中，h1为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大深度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板(2)的厚度，s2为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大宽度，r2为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的靠近所述电池换热器的基板(3)的第二倒角的半径。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，h1/b∈[1/3,5/1]，h1/s2∈[1/15,1/3]，h1/r2∈[1/7,2/5]，其中，h1为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大深度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板(2)的厚度，s2为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大宽度，r2为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的靠近所述电池换热器的基板(3)的第二倒角的半径。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，a/s2≥0.05，其中，a为所述电池换热器的基板(3)的厚度，s2为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201) 或所述第三流道(202)的最大宽度。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，s3/s4∈[5/20,4]，其中，s3为所述第二流道(201)的外表面的最大宽度，s4为所述第三流道(202)的外表面的最大宽度。
  9. 根据权利要求7-8中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，s3/s4∈[1/3,3/1]，其中，s3为所述第二流道(201)的外表面的最大宽度，s4为所述第三流道(202)的外表面的最大宽度。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，s5≤15mm，s6≤45mm，其中，s5为所述第一流道(207)的外表面的最大宽度，s6为任一流道与周边结构之间的最小距离。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，当所述分汇流结构(204)用于分流时，所述第一流道(207)的流体分流至所述第二流道(201)和所述第三流道(202)；
    当所述分汇流结构(204)用于汇流时，所述第二流道(201)和所述第三流道(202)的流体汇入所述第一流道(207)。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，所述第二流道(201)的横截面面积等于所述第三流道(202)的横截面面积。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，r1≤r2，其中，r1为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)远离所述电池换热器的基板(3)的第一倒角的半径，r2为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)靠近所述电池换热器的基板(3)的第二倒角的半径。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，r1≤h1，其中，h1为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大深度。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，a＝b，其中，a为所述电池换热器的基板(3)的厚度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板(2)的厚度。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，h1＞(a+b)，其中，h1为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大深度，a为所述电池换热器的基板(3)的厚度，b为所述电池换热器的流道板(2)的厚度。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，h1＝0.5*h2，其中，h1为所述第一流道(207)或所述第二流道(201)或所述第三流道(202)的最大深度，h2为所述电池换热器的总厚度。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的电池换热器，其特征在于，所述分汇流结构(204)还包括第四流道(208)，所述第四流道(208)与所述第一流道(207)连通，所述第一流 道(207)与所述第四流道(208)之间具有向着所述分汇流结构(204)凸出的凸缘(206)。
  19. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括：
    电芯(300)；
    第一电池换热器(100)和第二电池换热器(200)，所述第一电池换热器(100)和所述第二电池换热器(200)为如权利要求1至18任一项所述的电池换热器；
    所述第一电池换热器(100)的基板(3)与所述电芯(300)的第一表面接触，所述第二电池换热器(200)的基板(3)与所述电芯(300)的第二表面接触。
  20. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆安装有如权利要求1至18任一项所述的电池换热器，或安装有如权利要求19所述的电池包。
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