WO2025005668A1 - 전기화학소자용 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 - Google Patents
전기화학소자용 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025005668A1 WO2025005668A1 PCT/KR2024/008921 KR2024008921W WO2025005668A1 WO 2025005668 A1 WO2025005668 A1 WO 2025005668A1 KR 2024008921 W KR2024008921 W KR 2024008921W WO 2025005668 A1 WO2025005668 A1 WO 2025005668A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J125/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J125/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C09J125/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C09J125/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C09J125/10—Copolymers of styrene with conjugated dienes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J127/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J127/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09J127/12—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C09J127/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
- H01M50/461—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device and an electrochemical device including the same.
- lithium secondary batteries are rapidly increasing in demand as an energy source due to technological development and increasing demand for mobile devices, and recently, their use as a power source for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has become a major growth driver for the secondary battery market.
- EVs electric vehicles
- HEVs hybrid electric vehicles
- These secondary batteries are structured to have a rechargeable electrode assembly of a cathode/separator/cathode structure mounted in a battery case, and the cathode and anode electrodes are manufactured by applying an electrode active material, etc. to one or both sides of a metal current collector and drying and rolling.
- the separator is one of the important elements that determines the life of the secondary battery, and plays a role in electrically insulating the positive and negative electrodes.
- it is desirable to have high ion permeability, excellent mechanical strength, and stability with respect to the electrolyte, such as smooth passage of the electrolyte.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a separator for an electrochemical device and an electrochemical device including the same, which solves the aforementioned problems, and improves the life characteristics by securing the adhesive strength between the separator and the electrode, while implementing a low-resistance electrode adhesive layer and improving the electrolyte impregnation property.
- the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by using the following electrochemical device separator and electrochemical device including the same.
- the above separator comprises a porous layer; and an electrode adhesive layer formed on at least one surface of the porous layer;
- the above porous layer includes a porous polymer substrate and a porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate,
- the above porous coating layer comprises a binder polymer and an inorganic filler
- the above electrode adhesive layer comprises a particle-shaped binder having a convex disk shape in the center,
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, wherein the shortening of the particle-type binder is 50 nm to 500 nm.
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that the electrode adhesive layer additionally includes a swelling agent capable of swelling the particulate binder.
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that the swelling ratio of the particle-type binder calculated by the following Equation 1 is in the range of 120 to 500%.
- the above swelling agent relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that it comprises a linear carbonate compound, a cyclic carbonate compound, an ester compound, or two or more thereof.
- the above swelling agent relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that it is a solid or liquid at room temperature.
- the above swelling agent relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that it has a solubility in water of 10 g/100 mL or more.
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that the swelling agent is ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or a mixture thereof.
- the swelling agent is ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or a mixture thereof.
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that the above-mentioned particle-type binder polymer comprises a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)-based polymer, a styrene-butadiene-based polymer, an acrylic polymer, or two or more thereof.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that the surface contact angle of the porous layer with respect to water is 30 degrees or less.
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that the particle-type binder is substantially absent on the surface of the porous polymer substrate.
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, characterized in that the surface of the porous polymer substrate has a peak area ratio of 0.1 or less, and the peak area ratio is calculated according to the following Equation 2.
- Peak area ratio Ifunctional group/Iporous polymer substrate
- I porous polymer substrate is the area of a peak for SP3 C-H bond in the IR spectrum for the surface of the porous polymer substrate, for example, a peak existing between 2850 cm-1 and 2950 cm-1,
- the functional group is the area of a peak for a region representing a specific bond present in the particulate binder polymer in the IR spectrum for the surface of the porous polymer substrate, and the peak corresponds to a peak of the IR spectrum for the electrode adhesive layer component present on the surface of the porous polymer substrate.
- an electrochemical device including an anode, a cathode, and a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode,
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical device in which the above separator is a separator according to any one of the first to eleventh embodiments.
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical device, characterized in that the electrochemical device is a lithium secondary battery.
- the separator according to the present invention has excellent adhesion to the electrode. Due to this characteristic, partial lifting or wrinkles do not occur at the interface between the separator and the electrode, and safety is improved even under high-temperature conditions.
- the electrode adhesive layer formed on one surface of the separator does not interfere with ion conduction between the electrode and the porous layer, the resistance increase rate is low and the life characteristics are excellent.
- the electrode adhesive layer includes a particle-shaped binder of a predetermined shape, the formation of gaps between the binder particles and the controllability of the application area are possible, thereby improving the electrolyte impregnation property.
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional SEM image of a membrane according to Example 2.
- Figure 2 is a surface SEM image of a membrane according to Example 4.
- references to “A and/or B” mean “A or B or both.”
- a porous layer and an electrode adhesive layer formed on at least one surface of the porous layer; wherein the electrode adhesive layer includes a particle-shaped binder having a convex central portion and a disk-shaped particle diameter of 50 nm to 500 nm.
- the above electrode adhesive layer is formed on at least one surface of the porous layer and can serve to adhere the separator and the electrode.
- the above electrode adhesive layer includes a particle-shaped binder having a convex center and a disk shape, and the short axis of the particle-shaped binder is 50 nm to 500 nm.
- the short axis of the particle-shaped binder may be 100 nm to 500 nm, or 120 nm to 480 nm, or 140 nm to 480 nm, or 160 nm to 480 nm, or 180 nm to 480 nm, or 220 nm to 480 nm, or 140 nm to 250 nm.
- the short axis of the particle-shaped binder can be obtained by averaging the lengths measured after cutting a cross-section of the separator, observing it with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or an optical microscope, and obtaining an image.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- pores and/or passages can be formed in the electrode adhesive layer. Accordingly, the movement of Li ions is easy, so that the resistance increase rate is low and the life characteristics are excellent.
- the particle-shaped binder does not penetrate into the pores of the porous layer, the porosity of the porous layer is not affected, and the binder content of the adhesive layer in the composite separator can be minimized.
- the particle-shaped binder does not penetrate into the pores in the porous coating layer, the particle-shaped binder is substantially absent on the surface of the porous polymer substrate, so that even though an adhesive layer is formed, the resistance increase rate is low and the electrolyte impregnation property is excellent.
- the long axis of the above particle-shaped binder can be in the range of 100 nm to 1000 nm.
- ‘short axis’ means the shortest diameter passing through the center of the particle
- ‘major axis’ means the longest diameter passing through the center of the particle
- the above particle-shaped binders can be bonded to each other, and specifically, the short and/or long axes of the particles can be connected to adjacent particles.
- the above particle-type binder may include a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)-based polymer, a styrene-butadiene-based polymer, an acrylic polymer, or two or more thereof.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)-based polymer may include polyvinylidene fluoride homopolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene, and may include at least one selected from these.
- PVdF-based polymer including a vinylidene fluoride repeating unit (A) and another repeating unit (B) copolymerizable with the repeating unit may be used.
- the above styrene-butadiene polymer may mean one containing a styrene monomer-derived repeating unit and a butadiene monomer repeating unit.
- the acrylic acid alkyl ester may include, for example, at least one selected from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butylacrylate, isobutylacrylate, cyclohexylacrylate, and 2-ethylhexylacrylate.
- methacrylic acid alkyl ester at least one selected from, for example, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate may be included.
- the above electrode adhesive layer may additionally include a swelling agent capable of swelling the particulate binder.
- the above swelling agent can melt the surface of the particle-shaped binder within the electrode adhesive layer, so that the particle-shaped binder can have a disk-shaped shape with a convex center.
- the introduction of the swelling agent causes the particle surface to melt left and right, while the spherical shape remains in the center, so that the particle-shaped binder can have a disk-shaped shape with a convex center within the electrode adhesive layer.
- the above swelling agent may include a linear carbonate compound, a cyclic carbonate compound, an ester compound, or two or more thereof.
- linear carbonate compounds may include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, and the like.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- methylpropyl carbonate ethylpropyl carbonate
- cyclic carbonate compounds may include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, or halides thereof.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- 1,2-butylene carbonate 2,3-butylene carbonate
- 1,2-pentylene carbonate 2,3-pentylene carbonate
- vinylene carbonate or halides thereof.
- ester compounds may include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, and the like, but are not particularly limited thereto.
- the swelling agent may be dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), or a mixture thereof.
- the swelling agent may have a solubility in water of 10 g/100 mL or more. It is preferable that the swelling agent is soluble in water as a solvent at room temperature. Since the swelling agent can perform a swelling function by dissolving in a water-dispersed binder during the manufacture of a coating separator, there is an advantage in that the manufacturing process is simple.
- the swelling agent may be a solid or liquid at room temperature.
- room temperature means a range of about 18°C to 30°C.
- the particulate binder may be swollen by the swelling agent, and at this time, the swelling ratio of the particulate binder may be in a range of 120 to 500%, or 150 to 350%.
- the swelling ratio may be calculated by the following Equation 1. This means that after the particulate binder comes into contact with the swelling agent, the surface of the particulate binder may melt, but the entire particle except the surface may be swollen by the swelling agent and/or the electrolyte present in the battery.
- the above swelling weight can be measured by dissolving LiPF6 to 1.0 M in a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate and ethylene methylene carbonate in a volume ratio of 7:3 at room temperature (25°C), then adding the particle-shaped binder and allowing sufficient swelling.
- the particulate binder may be substantially absent from the surface of the porous polymer substrate.
- the particulate binders in the electrode adhesive layer are bound to each other, so that the particulate binder does not penetrate into the interior of the porous layer. That is, since the particulate binder does not pass through the interior of the porous coating layer, the particulate binder does not exist on the surface of the porous polymer substrate.
- the surface of the porous polymer substrate has a peak area ratio of 0.1 or less, and the peak area ratio can be calculated according to the following Equation 2.
- Peak area ratio I functional group /I porous polymer substrate
- I porous polymer substrate is a peak for SP3 CH bond in the IR spectrum for the surface of the porous polymer substrate, for example, 2850 cm -1 to 2950 cm -1 The area of the peak that exists between the regions,
- I functional group is the area of a peak for a region representing a specific bond present in a particulate binder polymer in the IR spectrum for the surface of the porous polymer substrate, and the peak corresponds to a peak of the IR spectrum for the electrode adhesive layer component present on the surface of the porous polymer substrate.
- a peak for CF bonding for example, 1000 cm -1
- the area of the peak existing between 1400 cm -1 and 1500 cm -1 can be the I functional group value.
- the area of the peak existing between 1800 cm -1 and -1 can be the I functional group value.
- the above porous layer is not limited to a structure having pores, and includes a porous polymer substrate and a porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate.
- the surface contact angle of the porous layer with respect to water may be 30 degrees or less.
- the surface contact angle for water is a value obtained by measuring the angle between the surface of the porous layer and water at 25° C. using a contact angle meter.
- the surface contact angle for water may be a value obtained by measuring the angle between the surface of the porous coating layer and water.
- the above porous polymer substrate can be any planar porous polymer substrate commonly used in secondary batteries, such as a porous polymer film substrate formed of various polymers, or a porous non-woven fabric substrate.
- the porous polymer film substrate may be a porous polymer film made of an olefin polymer such as polyethylene or polypropylene, and such an olefin polymer porous polymer film substrate exhibits a shutdown function at a temperature of, for example, 80 to 130°C.
- the porous polymer film can be formed of an olefin polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, etc., such as high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, etc., either alone or as a polymer mixed with two or more thereof, or a derivative thereof.
- an olefin polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, etc.
- high-density polyethylene such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, etc.
- high-density polyethylene such as high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, etc.
- olefin polymer porous polymer films that can be applied as such porous polymer films include, but are not limited to, wet polyethylene series (Asahi-Kasei E-Materials, Toray, SK IE Technology, Shanghai Energy, Sinoma, Entek), dry polypropylene series (Shenzhen Senior, Cangzhou Mingzhu), and dry polypropylene/polyethylene multilayer structure series (Polypore, Ube).
- the porous polymer film substrate may be manufactured by forming into a film shape using various polymers such as polyester in addition to the olefin polymer.
- the porous polymer film substrate may be formed as a structure in which two or more film layers are laminated, and each film layer may be formed solely of the above-mentioned olefin polymer, polyester, or a polymer in which two or more types are mixed.
- porous polymer film substrate and the porous nonwoven fabric substrate may be formed of polymers, either singly or in combination, of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalene, etc.), polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenyleneoxide, polyphenylenesulfide, etc., in addition to the above olefin polymers.
- polyester polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalene, etc.
- polyacetal polyamide
- polycarbonate polyimide
- polyetheretherketone polyethersulfone
- polyphenyleneoxide polyphenyleneoxide
- polyphenylenesulfide etc.
- the thickness of such porous polymer substrate is not particularly limited, but may be 1 ⁇ m or more, 3 ⁇ m or more, 15 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness satisfies this range, the problem of acting as a resistance layer can be improved while maintaining mechanical properties.
- the porosity may be in the range of 10 to 95%, and the pore size (diameter) may be in the range of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the pore size and porosity satisfy these ranges, the problem of acting as a resistance layer is prevented, and the mechanical properties can be maintained.
- the porous coating layer can be formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate and includes a binder polymer and an inorganic filler.
- the porous coating layer acts as an insulating layer that prevents short circuiting between the positive and negative electrodes as a component layer of the separator, and at the same time, can prevent the porous polymer substrate from directly contacting lithium metal.
- the porosity of the porous coating layer may be in the range of 5 to 95%, but is not limited thereto.
- the thickness of the porous coating layer may be 1 ⁇ m or more, 3 ⁇ m or more, 15 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness satisfies this range, heat resistance can be improved, occurrence of short circuits can be suppressed, thinning of the separator can be achieved, and insulating properties can be excellent.
- the inorganic fillers are filled and in contact with each other and are bound to each other by the binder polymer, thereby forming an interstitial volume between the inorganic fillers, and the interstitial volume between the inorganic fillers can become an empty space and form pores. That is, the binder polymer can attach the inorganic fillers to each other so that the inorganic fillers can maintain a state in which they are bound to each other, for example, the binder polymer can connect and fix the inorganic fillers.
- the pores of the porous coating layer are pores formed by the interstitial volume between the inorganic fillers becoming an empty space, and this can be a space defined by the inorganic fillers that are substantially in contact in a filled structure (closed packed or densely packed) by the inorganic fillers.
- the above inorganic filler has the function of forming micropores by enabling the formation of empty spaces between inorganic fillers and also acts as a kind of spacer that can maintain a physical shape, and since it has the characteristic that its physical properties generally do not change even at high temperatures of 200°C or higher, the formed organic/inorganic composite porous film can have excellent heat resistance.
- the above inorganic filler is not particularly limited as long as it is electrochemically stable. That is, the inorganic filler that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not undergo oxidation and/or reduction reactions in the operating voltage range of the applied battery (e.g., 0 to 5 V in terms of Li/Li+).
- examples of such inorganic fillers include alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), fumed alumina, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ), boehmite (AlOOH), barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the above-mentioned inorganic filler is preferably in the range of 20 nm to 700 nm for the formation of a porous coating layer with a uniform thickness and an appropriate porosity thereof. Specifically, it may be in the range of 100 nm to 500 nm.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the above-mentioned inorganic filler satisfies this range, the dispersibility of the slurry for the porous coating layer is maintained, making it easy to control the properties of the separator, and preventing problems such as excessive increase in the thickness of the separator, resulting in a deterioration in the mechanical properties, or internal short circuits occurring during battery charging and discharging due to excessively large pore sizes.
- the packing density increases, which may contribute to the heat shrinkage rate, and excellent high heat resistance may be exhibited at the particle size in the above-mentioned range.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the inorganic filler can be defined as the particle diameter at 50% of the particle diameter distribution.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the inorganic filler in the present invention can be measured by, for example, electron microscopy observation using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), or by using a laser diffraction method.
- the inorganic filler When measuring by the laser diffraction method, more specifically, after the inorganic filler is dispersed in a dispersion medium, it is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (for example, Microtrac MT 3000) and irradiated with ultrasonic waves of about 28 kHz at an output of 60 W, and then the average particle diameter (D50) at 50% of the particle diameter distribution in the measuring device can be calculated.
- a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device for example, Microtrac MT 3000
- ultrasonic waves of about 28 kHz at an output of 60 W
- the inorganic filler may be a primary particle, which is a single particle, or a secondary particle formed as an aggregate of primary particles.
- the above binder polymer is not particularly limited as long as it can provide bonding force between inorganic fillers, bonding force between the porous coating layer and the porous polymer substrate, and bonding force between the porous coating layer and the electrode.
- the binder resin may be polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polybutylacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, polyarylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, and cyanoethylflurane.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene
- heat-resistant polymers having a high Tm (150°C or higher or 180°C or higher) such as polyacetal, polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyacrylamide (PAAm), polyarylate (PA), polycarbonate, polyamideimide (PAI), polyimide (PI), polyamide, wholly aromatic polyamide (aramid), polyphenylene oxide, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether ketone, or mixtures of two or more thereof can be used, but are not limited thereto.
- PSF polysulfone
- PES polyethersulfone
- PEI polyetherimide
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PAAm polyacrylamide
- PA polyarylate
- PA polycarbonate
- PAI polyamideimide
- PI poly
- the content of the above binder polymer may be 0.1 to 10% based on the total weight of the porous coating layer. Specifically, the content of the binder polymer may be 0.1% or more, 1% or more, 3% or more, 10% or less, or 8% or less based on the total weight of the porous coating layer.
- the binder polymer in the above content range is included, not only can the heat resistance characteristics be improved, but also the resistance of the separator can be reduced, and there is an advantage of being able to increase the energy density of the battery.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention comprises a cathode, an anode, and a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode.
- the electrode to be applied to the present invention is not particularly limited, and an electrode active material can be manufactured in a form in which it is bound to an electrode current collector according to a conventional method known in the art.
- Non-limiting examples of the cathode active material among the above electrode active materials include conventional cathode active materials that can be used in the cathode of a conventional lithium secondary battery, and in particular, lithium manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium iron oxide, or a lithium composite oxide combining these is preferably used.
- Non-limiting examples of the negative electrode active material include conventional negative electrode active materials that can be used in the negative electrode of a conventional lithium secondary battery, and in particular, lithium metal or a lithium alloy, carbon, petroleum coke, activated carbon, graphite, or other carbons, and lithium adsorbents are preferable.
- Non-limiting examples of positive current collectors include foils made of aluminum, nickel, or combinations thereof, and non-limiting examples of negative current collectors include foils made of copper, gold, nickel, or copper alloys, or combinations thereof.
- a polyethylene substrate film (Toray B09PJ1, thickness: 9 um) was prepared as a porous polymer substrate.
- An aqueous emulsion containing 97 wt% of water as a solvent and 3 wt% of PVDF-HFP particles was applied and dried to one surface of the ceramic coating separator prepared in 2) of the above Example 1 to form an electrode adhesive layer. After the formation of the adhesive layer, the short axis length of the PVDF-HFP particles was 180 nm.
- the surface SEM image of the manufactured separator is shown in Fig. 1.
- an aqueous emulsion containing 97 wt% of water as a solvent and 3 wt% of binder particles was applied and dried to form an electrode adhesive layer.
- the binder particles were used by mixing PVDF-HFP particles (Arkema, LBG4330LX, D50:200 nm, aspect ratio: 0.98) and acrylic particles (Hansol Chemical, HES202, D50:250 nm, aspect ratio: 0.99).
- the short axis lengths of the PVDF-HFP particles and the acrylic particles were 180 nm and 220 nm, respectively.
- a mixture of 97 wt% of water as a solvent, 2.7 wt% of PVDF-HFP particles (Arkema, LBG4330LX, D50:200 nm, aspect ratio: 0.98), and 0.3 wt% of ethylene carbonate was applied and dried to form an electrode adhesive layer.
- the aspect ratio of the PVDF-HFP particles decreased to 0.88 after coating due to the introduction of a swelling agent.
- the length of the minor axis of the PVDF-HFP particles after the formation of the adhesive layer was 160 nm.
- the surface SEM image of the manufactured separator is shown in Fig. 2.
- a mixture of 95 wt% of water as a solvent, 2.5 wt% of PVDF-HFP particles (Arkema, LBG4330LX, D50:200 nm, aspect ratio: 0.98), and 2.5 wt% of dimethyl carbonate was applied and dried to form an electrode adhesive layer on one side of the ceramic coating separator prepared in 2) of the above Example 1.
- the aspect ratio of the PVDF-HFP particles decreased to 0.84 after coating due to the introduction of a swelling agent.
- the length of the minor axis of the PVDF-HFP particles after the formation of the adhesive layer was 140 nm.
- An electrode adhesive layer identical to that of Example 2 was formed on one side of the polyethylene separator of 1) of Example 1.
- a slurry of a negative electrode active material was prepared by mixing 96.5 wt% of artificial graphite particles (LC1, Shanshan) with an average particle size of 16 ⁇ m, 2.3 wt% of a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) binder (ZEON), and 1.2 wt% of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, Daicel) and then adding the mixture to distilled water and stirring for 60 minutes using a mechanical stirrer.
- the slurry was applied to a thickness of about 60 ⁇ m on an 8 ⁇ m thick copper current collector using a doctor blade, dried in a hot air dryer at 100°C for 0.5 hour, dried again under vacuum at 120°C for 4 hours, and then roll pressing to prepare a negative electrode.
- Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Membrane thickness ( ⁇ m) 14.5 14.8 14.6 14.7 14.7 14.9 15.0 Cathode/Separator Adhesion (gf/25mm) 15.9 18.2 21.3 20.9 21.2 20.3 25.8 Electrolyte impregnation length after bonding (mm) 14.2 11.8 13.2 13.8 14.1 4.9 6.3 Resistance (ohm) 0.83 0.82 0.84 0.79 0.77 1.04 0.89 Aspect ratio 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.88 0.84 0.98 Unspecified I functional group /I2920 n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d 0.3
- the coated membrane was cut into 50x50mm pieces using a die-cutting machine, and the thickness was measured using MITUTOYO VL-50S-B. Five points were measured for each sample, and the average value was recorded.
- the coated separator 25 mm wide x 13 cm long
- electrode were placed between A4 papers and pressed at a temperature of 60°C and a pressure of 1000 kg for 10 seconds using a heat press machine to bond them together. Then, the bonded electrode and separator were peeled off by applying force in the 180° direction using a UTM machine to measure the electrode adhesion of the separator.
- the coated separator was cut using a puncher to fit the coin cell structure below and assembled to fit the structure below.
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Abstract
Description
| 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 실시예 4 | 실시예 5 | 비교예1 | 비교예 2 | |
| 분리막 두께(㎛) | 14.5 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.9 | 15.0 |
| 음극/분리막 접착력(gf/25mm) | 15.9 | 18.2 | 21.3 | 20.9 | 21.2 | 20.3 | 25.8 |
| 접착 후 전해액 함침 길이(mm) | 14.2 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 14.1 | 4.9 | 6.3 |
| 저항(ohm) | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 1.04 | 0.89 |
| 종횡비 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.98 | 특정불가 |
| Ifunctional group /I2920 | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | 0.3 |
Claims (13)
- 전기화학소자용 분리막으로서,상기 분리막은 다공층; 및 상기 다공층의 적어도 일면에 형성된 전극 접착층;을 포함하며,상기 다공층은 다공성 고분자 기재 및 다공성 고분자 기재의 적어도 일면 상에 형성된 다공성 코팅층을 포함하고,상기 다공성 코팅층은 바인더 고분자 및 무기 필러를 포함하고,상기 전극 접착층은 중앙부가 볼록한 원반형태의 입자형 바인더를 포함하고,상기 입자형 바인더의 단축은 50nm 내지 500nm인, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전극 접착층은 상기 입자형 바인더를 스웰링 시킬 수 있는 스웰링제를 추가적으로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제2항에 있어서,하기 식 1로 계산되는 상기 입자형 바인더의 스웰링 비율은 120 내지 500%의 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학소자용 분리막.[식 1]스웰링 비율(%) = [스웰링 후 무게]/[초기 무게] x 100
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 스웰링제는 선형 카보네이트계 화합물, 환형 카보네이트계 화합물 에스테르계 화합물 또는 이들 중 2종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 스웰링제는 상온에서 고체 또는 액체인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 스웰링제는 물에 대한 용해도가 10g/100mL 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 스웰링제는 에틸렌 카보네이트 (EC), 디메틸 카보네이트 (DMC) 또는 이들의 혼합물 인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 입자형 바인더 고분자는 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드(PVdF)계 고분자, 스티렌-부타디엔계 고분자, 아크릴계 고분자, 또는 이들 중 2종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 다공층의 물에 대한 표면 접촉각은 30도 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 표면에는 상기 입자형 바인더가 실질적으로 존재하지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 표면이 0.1 이하의 피크 면적 비율을 가지고, 상기 피크 면적 비율이 하기 식 2에 따라 계산되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학소자용 분리막:[식 2]피크 면적 비율 = Ifunctional group/I다공성 고분자 기재상기 식 2에서, I다공성 고분자 기재 는 상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 표면에 대한 IR 스펙트럼에서 SP3 C-H 결합에 대한 피크의 면적이고,Ifunctional group 는 상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 표면에 대한 IR 스펙트럼에서 입자형 바인더 고분자에 존재하는 특정 결합을 나타내는 영역에 대한 피크의 면적이고, 상기 피크는 상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 표면에 존재하는 상기 전극 접착층 성분에 대한 IR 스펙트럼의 피크에 해당된다.
- 양극, 음극, 상기 양극 및 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막을 포함하는 전기화학소자에 있어서,상기 분리막이 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항의 분리막인 전기화학소자.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 전기화학소자가 리튬 이차전지인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학소자.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24832446.9A EP4730540A1 (en) | 2023-06-26 | 2024-06-26 | Separator for electrochemical device and electrochemical device comprising same |
| CN202480042457.0A CN121368843A (zh) | 2023-06-26 | 2024-06-26 | 用于电化学器件的隔膜及包括其的电化学器件 |
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| KR10-2023-0082152 | 2023-06-26 | ||
| KR20230082152 | 2023-06-26 |
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| WO2025005668A1 true WO2025005668A1 (ko) | 2025-01-02 |
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| WO (1) | WO2025005668A1 (ko) |
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| KR100754746B1 (ko) * | 2007-03-07 | 2007-09-03 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 다공성 활성층이 코팅된 유기/무기 복합 분리막 및 이를구비한 전기화학소자 |
| KR20170129643A (ko) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-27 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 이차 전지용 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20200078416A (ko) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-07-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 다층 구조의 다공성 코팅층을 포함하는 전기화학소자용 분리막 및 이를 제조하는 방법 |
| KR20200140637A (ko) * | 2019-06-07 | 2020-12-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20230050168A (ko) * | 2021-10-07 | 2023-04-14 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전기화학소자용 분리막, 이를 포함하는 전극 조립체 및 이차전지 |
| KR20230082152A (ko) | 2021-12-01 | 2023-06-08 | 보험계리법인지아컨설팅 주식회사 | 계리적 가정 산출방법 및 계리적 가정 산출장치 |
-
2024
- 2024-06-26 CN CN202480042457.0A patent/CN121368843A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-26 KR KR1020240083990A patent/KR20250000492A/ko active Pending
- 2024-06-26 WO PCT/KR2024/008921 patent/WO2025005668A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-26 EP EP24832446.9A patent/EP4730540A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100754746B1 (ko) * | 2007-03-07 | 2007-09-03 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 다공성 활성층이 코팅된 유기/무기 복합 분리막 및 이를구비한 전기화학소자 |
| KR20170129643A (ko) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-27 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 이차 전지용 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20200078416A (ko) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-07-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 다층 구조의 다공성 코팅층을 포함하는 전기화학소자용 분리막 및 이를 제조하는 방법 |
| KR20200140637A (ko) * | 2019-06-07 | 2020-12-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20230050168A (ko) * | 2021-10-07 | 2023-04-14 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전기화학소자용 분리막, 이를 포함하는 전극 조립체 및 이차전지 |
| KR20230082152A (ko) | 2021-12-01 | 2023-06-08 | 보험계리법인지아컨설팅 주식회사 | 계리적 가정 산출방법 및 계리적 가정 산출장치 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121368843A (zh) | 2026-01-20 |
| EP4730540A1 (en) | 2026-04-22 |
| KR20250000492A (ko) | 2025-01-03 |
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