Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
  • C09J175/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a polyurethane polyisocyanate, a method for producing the polyurethane polyisocyanate, an isocyanate composition containing the polyurethane polyisocyanate, an adhesive containing the isocyanate composition, and a laminate and packaging material produced using the adhesive.
• Laminates used in various packaging materials, labels, etc. are given design, functionality, storage stability, convenience, transportability, etc. by laminating a wide variety of base materials such as plastic films, metal foils, and paper.
• Packaging materials made by molding such laminates into bags are used as packaging materials in a variety of fields, including food, medicines, detergents, etc.
• Two-component urethane reactive adhesives (hereinafter sometimes referred to as two-component curing adhesives or reactive adhesives) have been widely used to manufacture such laminates.
• Some urethane reactive two-component curing adhesives use ingredients that contain a certain amount of isocyanate monomer, such as isocyanate prepolymers, but there is a movement to restrict the use of isocyanate monomer from the perspective of occupational safety and health.
• the European Commission has adopted the REACH regulation, which prohibits the marketing of products that contain more than 0.1% by weight of isocyanate monomer unless certain requirements are met.
• PAA primary aromatic amines
• the concentration of PAA will gradually decrease even if aromatic isocyanate remains in the adhesive layer. Eventually it will fall below the detection limit, but from the viewpoint of the manufacturing efficiency of laminates for food packaging, it is preferable for the initial value of aromatic isocyanate monomer remaining in the adhesive layer to be low.
• Patent Document 1 discloses a method for forming an isocyanate-functional prepolymer having a low residual isocyanate content, comprising: (a) reacting a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyester polyether polyols, acrylic polyols, glycols, and mixtures thereof, with an isocyanate monomer to form a reaction mixture containing a prepolymer having an NCO content of 2.5 to 11.5 wt % and an average NCO functionality in the range of 2.0 to 3.0; and (b) passing the reaction mixture containing the prepolymer and unreacted isocyanate through a short-path evaporator to remove the unreacted isocyanate to an amount of less than 0.15 wt %.
• the present invention has been made in consideration of these circumstances, and provides a polyurethane polyisocyanate that is less colored even when the content of unreacted isocyanate monomer is removed by distillation, and a method for producing such a polyurethane polyisocyanate.
• the present invention relates to a polyisocyanate composition (X) that contains polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) which is a reaction product of diisocyanate monomer (l) and polyol compound (m), 0.1 mass % or less of diisocyanate monomer (l'), sodium, and magnesium, in which the sodium content of polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) is 100 ppb or more and 700 ppb or less, the magnesium content of polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) is 10 ppb or more and 50 ppb or less, and the mass ratio of sodium to magnesium Na/Mg is 2 or more and 70 or less.
• the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) of the present invention can be obtained through a step (1) of reacting a diisocyanate monomer (l) with a polyol compound (m) in the presence of specific amounts of a sodium-containing compound and a magnesium-containing compound to obtain a composition containing the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) and a diisocyanate monomer (l'), and a step (2) of distilling off the diisocyanate monomer (m') from the composition obtained in the step (1).
• the diisocyanate monomer (l) can be one or a combination of two or more known aromatic, araliphatic, aliphatic, or alicyclic diisocyanates.
• Aromatic diisocyanates include, for example, 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (also known as MDI), polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (also known as polymeric MDI or crude MDI), 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (also known as PPDI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, etc.
• MDI 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
• 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate also known as MDI
• polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate also known as polymeric MDI or crude MDI
• 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate 4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate
• diisocyanates examples include, but are not limited to, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (also known as TDI), 4,4'-toluidine diisocyanate, 2,4,6-triisocyanate toluene, 1,3,5-triisocyanate benzene, tolidine diisocyanate (also known as TODI), dianisidine diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate (also known as NDI), 4,4'-diphenyl ether diisocyanate, and 4,4',4"-triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
• TDI 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate
• TDI 4,4'-toluidine diisocyanate
• 2,4,6-triisocyanate toluene 1,3,5-triisocyanate benzene
• TODI tolidine diisocyanate
• dianisidine diisocyanate naphthalene diisocyan
• Aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates refer to aliphatic isocyanates that have one or more aromatic rings in the molecule, and examples include, but are not limited to, m- or p-xylylene diisocyanate (also known as XDI), ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (also known as TMXDI), etc.
• Aliphatic diisocyanates include, but are not limited to, trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (also known as HDI), pentamethylene diisocyanate (also known as PDI), 1,2-propylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, 1,3-butylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, and lysine diisocyanate (also known as LDI).
• trimethylene diisocyanate tetramethylene diisocyanate
• hexamethylene diisocyanate also known as HDI
• pentamethylene diisocyanate also known as PDI
• 1,2-propylene diisocyanate 2,3-butylene diisocyanate
• 1,3-butylene diisocyanate 1,3-butylene diisocyanate
• Alicyclic diisocyanates include, but are not limited to, 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (also known as IPDI), 1,3-cyclopentane diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, methyl-2,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, methyl-2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylenebiscyclohexyl isocyanate (also known as hydrogenated MDI or HMDI), 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (also known as hydrogenated XDI or HXDI), hydrogenated TMXDI, and norbornane diisocyanate (also known as NBDI).
• IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
• polyol (m) conventionally known polyols can be used.
• glycols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, dimethylbutanediol, butylethylpropanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, bishydroxyethoxybenzene, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol;
• Trifunctional or tetrafunctional aliphatic alcohols such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol; Bisphenols such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F, hydrogenated bisphenol A, and hydrogenated bisphenol F; Dimer diol; polyether polyols obtained by addition polymerization of alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, epichlorohydrin, tetrahydrofuran, and cyclohexylene in the presence of a polymerization initiator such as glycol, or a trifunctional or tetrafunctional aliphatic alcohol;
• Polyester polyols (1) which are reaction products of polyesters obtained by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ester compounds such as propiolactone, butyrolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -valerolactone, etc., with polyhydric alcohols such as the above-mentioned glycols, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, etc.; Polyester polyol (2) obtained by reacting a difunctional polyol such as glycol, dimer diol, or bisphenol with a polycarboxylic acid: (3) a polyester polyol obtained by reacting a trifunctional or tetrafunctional aliphatic alcohol with a polycarboxylic acid; (4) a polyester polyol obtained by reacting a difunctional polyol with a trifunctional or tetrafunctional aliphatic alcohol and a polycarboxylic acid; Polyester polyols (5), which are poly
• a polyurethane polyol obtained by polymerizing at least one selected from a difunctional polyol, a trifunctional or a tetrafunctional aliphatic alcohol with an isocyanate compound
• Polyether urethane polyol (2) obtained by further increasing the molecular weight of a polyether polyol with an isocyanate compound
• Polyester polyurethane polyol (3) obtained by polymerizing the polyester polyols (1) to (5) with an isocyanate compound
• a polyester polyether polyurethane polyol (4) obtained by reacting at least one of the polyester polyols (1) to (5), a polyether polyol, and an isocyanate compound;
• Castor oil-based polyols such as castor oil, dehydrated castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, and 5-50 mole alkylene oxide adducts of castor oil, and mixtures of these, can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid used in the synthesis of the polyester polyols (2) to (4) include aromatic polybasic acids such as orthophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, naphthalic acid, trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic acid, pyromellitic anhydride, biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(phenoxy)ethane-p,p'-dicarboxylic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, and tetrabromophthalic
• Aliphatic polybasic acids such as malonic acid, succinic acid, succinic anhydride, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and itaconic acid;
• Alkyl esters of aliphatic polybasic acids such as dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, diethyl pimelate, diethyl sebacate, dimethyl fumarate, diethyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, and diethyl maleate;
• Alicyclic polybasic acids such as 1,1-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, cyclohexane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride, hymic anhydride, and HET acid anhydride; etc. can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the isocyanate compound used in the synthesis of polyurethane polyols (1) to (4) may be the same as the diisocyanate monomer (m) exemplified above.
• the polyol compound (m) is preferably a polyether polyol, and more preferably a polyether polyol obtained by addition polymerization of at least one alkylene oxide selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide in the presence of a polymerization initiator such as glycol, trifunctional or tetrafunctional aliphatic alcohol, etc.
• step (1) diisocyanate monomer (l) and polyol compound (m) are reacted under conditions in which the isocyanate groups contained in polyisocyanate monomer (l) are in excess relative to the active hydrogen groups contained in polyol compound (m), to obtain a composition containing polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) and diisocyanate monomer (l').
• the equivalent ratio of isocyanate groups to active hydrogen groups [NCO]/[active hydrogen groups] can be appropriately adjusted, and is, for example, 2.0 or more and 20.0 or less.
• Diisocyanate monomer (l') is the diisocyanate monomer (l) that remains after the reaction without reacting with the active hydrogen groups.
• the urethane reaction between the diisocyanate monomer (l) and the polyol compound (m) is carried out in the presence of a sodium-containing compound and a magnesium-containing compound.
• the sodium-containing compound and the magnesium-containing compound are used in such a range that the sodium content of the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) calculated from the amount of the polyol compound (m) used is 100 ppb or more and 700 ppb or less, the magnesium content of the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) calculated from the amount of the polyol compound (m) used is 10 ppb or more and 50 ppb or less, and the mass ratio of sodium to magnesium (Na/Mg) is 2 or more and 70 or less.
• the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) is calculated assuming that 1 mole of diisocyanate monomer (l) reacts with 1 mole of active hydrogen groups in polyol compound (m) (for example, if polyol compound (m) is a compound having two active hydrogen groups, 1 molecule of polyol compound (m) reacts with 2 molecules of diisocyanate monomer (l) to form polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1)).
• the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) of the present invention therefore contains the sodium-containing compound and magnesium-containing compound in the above-mentioned ranges.
• the sodium and magnesium contents in the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) may be calculated from the amounts of the diisocyanate monomer (l), polyol compound (m), sodium-containing compound and magnesium-containing compound before the reaction, or may be measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) under the following conditions, for example.
• Sample solution 1000 times diluted with 2 wt/vol% nitric acid aqueous solution
• Measurement equipment Agilent 8900
• ICP-MS Standard solution SPEX XSTC-622B 10 ppm 5% nitric acid and other aqueous solutions
• Detection conditions Select optimal conditions (MS mode, gas type)
• Detection limit 10 ppb
• Sodium-containing compounds include sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, sodium oxide, etc.
• Magnesium-containing compounds include, but are not limited to, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, etc.
• the sodium-containing compound and the magnesium-containing compound may be contained in either the diisocyanate monomer (l) or the polyol compound (m), or may be contained in both the diisocyanate monomer (l) and the polyol compound (m).
• organic zinc compounds such as zinc octylate, zinc neodecanoate, and zinc naphthenate
• organic tin compounds such as stannous diacetate, stannous dioctoate, stannous dioleate, stannous dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin oxide, and dibutyltin dichloride
• organic nickel compounds such as nickel octylate and nickel naphthenate
• organic cobalt compounds such as cobalt octylate and cobalt naphthenate
• organic bismuth compounds such as bismuth octylate, bismuth neodecanoate, and bismuth naphthenate
• organic metal catalysts such as titanium compounds such as tetraisopropyloxytitanate, dibutylt
• step (1) is carried out in the absence of these urethanization catalysts.
• step (1) A known method can be used for step (1), but one example is a method in which polyol compound (m) is added dropwise to diisocyanate monomer (l) heated to 30°C to 60°C under a nitrogen stream, and then the temperature is raised to 65°C to 85°C to carry out urethane formation. Step (1) is carried out until the NCO% does not change substantially (until the difference from the NCO% one hour earlier is within ⁇ 0.5%). The urethane formation reaction is deemed to be complete when the NCO% does not change substantially.
• step (2) the diisocyanate monomer (l') is removed from the composition obtained in step (1).
• the diisocyanate monomer is removed by distilling the diisocyanate monomer (l') under reduced pressure using a short-path distillation apparatus, a thin-film distillation apparatus, or the like.
• the degree of reduced pressure and the distillation temperature are appropriately adjusted depending on the diisocyanate monomer (l') to be removed, and are, for example, 0.1 mbar or less and 120°C to 190°C.
• Step (2) is performed until the content of the diisocyanate monomer (l') in the total amount of the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) and the diisocyanate monomer (l') is 0.1 mass% or less. This makes it possible to obtain a polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) in which coloring and viscosity increase are suppressed.
• the content of diisocyanate monomer (l') can be measured by gas chromatography using an internal standard, for example according to ASTM D 3432. Alternatively, it can be measured by liquid chromatography according to the following conditions:
• the polyisocyanate composition of the present invention contains the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) obtained by the above-mentioned method.
• the polyisocyanate composition may also contain a polyisocyanate compound (A2) other than the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1).
• Examples of the polyisocyanate compound (A2) include biuret, nurate, allophanate, carbodiimide-modified, and uretdione-modified products of at least one diisocyanate selected from aromatic diisocyanates, araliphatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, and alicyclic diisocyanates.
• the polyisocyanate compound (A2) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• Aromatic diisocyanates, araliphatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, and alicyclic diisocyanates can be the same as those exemplified as diisocyanate monomer (l).
• the polyisocyanate composition also contains 0.1% by mass or less of diisocyanate monomer.
• the polyisocyanate composition of the present invention can be used as a two-component curing composition in combination with an isocyanate-reactive composition containing a compound reactive with isocyanate.
• compounds reactive with isocyanate include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyester polyether polyols, polyurethane polyols, polyester polyurethane polyols, polyether polyurethane polyols, vegetable oil polyols, sugar alcohols, polycarbonate polyols, acrylic polyols, hydroxyl group-containing olefin resins, hydroxyl group-containing fluororesins, (poly)alkanolamines, etc.
• Such two-component curing compositions can be used, for example, as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers, etc.
• the adhesive of the present invention is a two-component curing adhesive containing a polyisocyanate composition (X) and a polyol composition (Y).
• the polyisocyanate composition (X) contains the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1).
• the polyisocyanate composition (X) may contain a polyisocyanate compound (A2) other than the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1).
• Examples of the polyisocyanate compound (A2) include biuret compounds, nurate compounds, allophanate compounds, carbodiimide modified compounds, and uretdione modified compounds of at least one diisocyanate selected from aromatic diisocyanates, araliphatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, and alicyclic diisocyanates.
• the polyisocyanate compound (A2) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the content can be adjusted as appropriate, but as an example, the proportion of the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) in the total amount of the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) and the polyisocyanate compound (A2) is 50 mass% or more.
• the polyisocyanate composition (X) used in the adhesive of the present invention has a content of diisocyanate monomers such as aromatic diisocyanates, araliphatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, and alicyclic diisocyanates, which are exemplified as raw materials for polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1), of 0.1 mass% or less.
• diisocyanate monomers such as aromatic diisocyanates, araliphatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, and alicyclic diisocyanates
• the viscosity of the polyisocyanate composition (X) is adjusted to a range suitable for the non-solvent lamination method.
• the viscosity at 40° C. is adjusted to be in the range of 100 to 50,000 mPas, more preferably 500 to 20,000 mPas.
• the viscosity of the polyisocyanate composition (X) can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the structure (polyol used) of the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) or by using a polyisocyanate compound (A2) in combination.
• the viscosity of the polyisocyanate composition (X) can be measured, for example, using a rotational viscometer with a cone and plate of 1° ⁇ diameter 50 mm, a shear rate of 100 sec ⁇ 1 , and 40° C. ⁇ 1° C.
• the polyol composition (Y) contains a polyol compound (B) having multiple hydroxyl groups.
• the polyol compound (B) is not particularly limited, and any polyol compound typically used in a urethane reaction type two-component curing adhesive can be used.
• polyol compounds (B) include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyester polyether polyols, polyurethane polyols, polyester polyurethane polyols, polyether polyurethane polyols, vegetable oil polyols, sugar alcohols, polycarbonate polyols, acrylic polyols, hydroxyl group-containing olefin resins, and hydroxyl group-containing fluororesins.
• polyether polyols examples include glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, methylpentanediol, dimethylbutanediol, butylethylpropanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, bishydroxyethoxybenzene, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and triethylene glycol; and polyols such as trifunctional or tetrafunctional aliphatic alcohols such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and polypropy
• the polyester polyol is a reaction product of a polyhydric alcohol and a polycarboxylic acid.
• the polyhydric alcohol used in the synthesis of the polyester polyol may be a diol or a polyol having three or more functional groups.
• the diol may be a polyester polyether polyol using the polyether polyol described above, or a polyester polyurethane polyol using a polyurethane polyol described below.
• diols examples include aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2,2-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-isopropyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol;
• aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2,2-trimethyl-1,3-propane
• Ether glycols such as polyoxyethylene glycol and polyoxypropylene glycol
• Modified polyether diols obtained by ring-opening polymerization of an aliphatic diol with various cyclic ether bond-containing compounds such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl glycidyl ether, propyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, and allyl glycidyl ether;
• Lactone-based polyester polyols obtained by polycondensation reaction of aliphatic diols with various lactones such as lactonoids and ⁇ -caprolactone;
• Bisphenols such as bisphenol A and bisphenol F;
• Examples include alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenols obtained by adding ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc. to bisphenols such as bisphenol A and bisphenol F.
• Polyols with three or more functionalities include aliphatic polyols such as trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, hexanetriol, and pentaerythritol;
• Modified polyether polyols obtained by ring-opening polymerization of aliphatic polyols with various cyclic ether bond-containing compounds such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl glycidyl ether, propyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, and allyl glycidyl ether;
• Examples include lactone-based polyester polyols obtained by polycondensation reactions between aliphatic polyols and various lactones such as ⁇ -caprolactone.
• the polyvalent carboxylic acids used in the synthesis of polyester polyols include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid; aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as orthophthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, naphthalic acid, biphenyldicarboxylic acid, and 1,2-bis(phenoxy)ethane-p,p'-dicarboxylic acid; and anhydrides or ester-forming derivatives of these aliphatic or dicarboxylic acids; polybasic acids such as p-hydroxy
• Vegetable oil polyols include castor oil, dehydrated castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, and 5-50 mole alkylene oxide adducts of castor oil.
• Polyurethane polyol is a reaction product between a low-molecular-weight or high-molecular-weight polyol and a polyisocyanate compound.
• the low-molecular-weight polyol the same polyhydric alcohols exemplified as the raw material for polyester polyol can be used.
• the high-molecular-weight polyol polyether polyol, polyester polyol, etc. can be used.
• the polyisocyanate compound the same compounds exemplified as the diisocyanate monomer (l) and the polyisocyanate compound (A2) can be used.
• Sugar alcohols include pentaerythritol, sucrose, xylitol, sorbitol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, etc.
• the polyisocyanate composition (X) of the present invention has an extremely low content of diisocyanate monomer, so there is little concern about PAA, and coloring is also suppressed.
• the adhesive of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of packaging laminates used in food packaging, etc.
• the polyol compound (B) contains at least one selected from polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyester polyether polyols, polyurethane polyols, polyester polyurethane polyols, polyether polyurethane polyols, vegetable oil polyols, and sugar alcohols.
• the content of these polyol compounds (B) can be adjusted appropriately depending on the purpose, but as an example, it is 50 mass% or more of the solid content of the polyol composition (Y).
• the polyol composition (Y) may contain an amine compound (C) having an amino group.
• the amino group refers to an NH2 group or an NHR group (R is an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a functional group).
• Amine compounds (C) that are known in the art can be used without any particular restrictions, including methylenediamine, ethylenediamine, isophoronediamine, 3,9-dipropanamine-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspirodoundecane, lysine, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, piperazine, 2-hydroxyethylethylenediamine, di-2-hydroxyethylethylenediamine, di-2-hydroxyethylpropylenediamine, 2-hydroxypropylethylenediamine, di-2-hydroxypropylethylenediamine, poly(propylene glycol)diamine, poly(propylene glycol)triamine, poly(propylene glycol)tetraamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropane,
• 1,4-diaminobutane 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tripropylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, tetrapropylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, nonaethylenedecamine, trimethylhexamethion Diamine, tetra(aminomethyl)methane, tetrakis(2-aminoethylaminomethyl)methane, 1,3-bis(2'-aminoethylamino)propane, triethylene-bis(trimethylene)hexamine, bis(3-aminoethyl)amine, bishexamethylenetriamine,
• Amine compounds (C1) having multiple amino groups such as bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, diaminodicyclohexylmethane, isophoronediamine, menthenediamine, bis(cyanoethyl)diethylenetriamine, 1,4-bis-(8-aminopropyl)-piperazine, piperazine-1,4-diazacycloheptane, 1-(2'-aminoethylpiperazine), 1-[2'-(2"-aminoethylamino)ethyl]piperazine, tricyclodecanediamine, and polyureaamines which are reaction products of the various polyamines and the various isocyanate components described above,
• Primary or secondary alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, monobutanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, N-methylpropanolamine, diethanolamine, and diisopropanolamine,
• Primary or secondary amines such as ethylamine, octylamine, laurylamine, myristylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, diethylamine, dibutylamine, and distearylamine are included.
• the amount of amine compound (C) added is preferably such that the amine value of polyol composition (Y) is 20 to 70 mg KOH/g, more preferably 25 to 50 mg KOH/g.
• the amine value means the number of milligrams of KOH equivalent to the amount of HCl required to neutralize 1 g of sample, and is not particularly limited and can be calculated using known methods.
• the chemical structure of the amine compound (C) and, if necessary, the average molecular weight, etc. are known, it can be calculated from (number of amino groups per molecule/average molecular weight) x 56.1 x 1000.
• the chemical structure, average molecular weight, etc. of the amine compound are unknown, it can be measured according to known amine value measurement methods, for example, JIS K7237-1995.
• the polyol composition (Y) may contain a mono-ol compound (D) having one alcoholic hydroxyl group.
• the main chain of the mono-ol compound (D) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include vinyl resins, acrylic resins, polyesters, epoxy resins, and urethane resins having one hydroxyl group. Aliphatic alcohols and alkyl alkylene glycols can also be used.
• the main chain of the mono-ol compound (D) may be linear or branched.
• the bonding position of the hydroxyl group is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the hydroxyl group is present at the end of the molecular chain.
• monool compounds (D) include aliphatic monools such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecanol, cetyl alcohol, heptadecanol, stearyl alcohol, nonadecanol, other alkanols (C20-50), oleyl alcohol, and their isomers,
• aliphatic monools such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecanol, cetyl alcohol, heptadecanol, stearyl alcohol, nonadecan
• Aromatic aliphatic monools such as benzyl alcohol,
• Examples include polyoxyalkylene monools obtained by ring-opening addition polymerization of alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran using an alkyl compound containing one active hydrogen as an initiator.
• alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran using an alkyl compound containing one active hydrogen as an initiator.
• the viscosity of the polyol composition (Y) is adjusted to a range suitable for the non-solvent lamination method.
• the viscosity at 40°C is adjusted to be in the range of 100 to 50,000 mPas, more preferably 100 to 20,000 mPas.
• the viscosity of the polyol composition (Y) can be adjusted by the skeleton of the polyol compound (B) or a plasticizer, which will be described later.
• the viscosity can be reduced by using, for example, polypropylene glycol or a polyester polyol obtained by reacting an aliphatic carboxylic acid with a polyol.
• the viscosity can be increased by using a polyester polyol obtained by reacting an aromatic carboxylic acid with a polyol.
• the two-component curing adhesive of the present invention may contain components other than the above-mentioned components.
• the other components may be contained in either or both of the polyisocyanate composition (X) and the polyol composition (Y), or may be prepared separately from these and mixed with the polyisocyanate composition (X) and the polyol composition (Y) immediately before application of the adhesive. Each component will be described below.
• catalyst examples include metal catalysts, amine catalysts, aliphatic cyclic amide compounds, and quaternary ammonium salts.
• Metal catalysts include metal complex, inorganic metal, and organic metal catalysts.
• Metal complex catalysts include acetylacetonate salts of metals selected from the group consisting of Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Cu (copper), Zr (zirconium), Th (thorium), Ti (titanium), Al (aluminum), and Co (cobalt), such as iron acetylacetonate, manganese acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, and zirconia acetylacetonate.
• Inorganic metal catalysts include those selected from Sn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zr, Th, Ti, Al, Co, etc.
• Organometallic catalysts include organic zinc compounds such as zinc octylate, zinc neodecanoate, and zinc naphthenate; organic tin compounds such as stannous diacetate, stannous dioctoate, stannous dioleate, stannous dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin oxide, and dibutyltin dichloride; organic nickel compounds such as nickel octylate and nickel naphthenate; organic cobalt compounds such as cobalt octylate and cobalt naphthenate; organic bismuth compounds such as bismuth octylate, bismuth neodecanoate, and bismuth naphthenate; and titanium compounds such as tetraisopropyloxytitanate, dibutyltitanium dichloride, tetra
• Amine catalysts include triethylenediamine, 2-methyltriethylenediamine, quinuclidine, 2-methylquinuclidine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylpropylenediamine, N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyl-(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine, N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldipropylenetriamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylhexamethylenediamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, dimethylethanolamine, dimethylisopropanolamine, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, N,N-dimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxy
• Aliphatic cyclic amide compounds include ⁇ -valerolactam, ⁇ -caprolactam, ⁇ -enantholactam, ⁇ -capryllactam, and ⁇ -propiolactam. Among these, ⁇ -caprolactam is more effective at promoting hardening.
• Quaternary ammonium salts include hydroxy salts of alkyl ammonium, aromatic ammonium, etc., alkyl acid salts, halide salts, etc. Examples include, but are not limited to, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, etc.
• acid anhydride examples include cyclic aliphatic acid anhydrides, aromatic acid anhydrides, and unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides, and can be used alone or in combination of two or more. More specifically, for example, maleic acid anhydride, phthalic acid anhydride, trimellitic acid anhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic acid anhydride, polyadipic acid anhydride, polyazelaic acid anhydride, polysebacic acid anhydride, poly(ethyloctadecanedioic acid) anhydride, poly(phenylhexadecanedioic acid) anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid
• glycols examples include alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol; and polyether glycols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polytetramethylene ether glycol.
• alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol
• polyether glycols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polytetramethylene ether glycol.
• copolymer polyether glycols of two or more of these glycols and/or polyether glycols may also be used.
• a homopolymer or copolymer of a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group such as maleic anhydride may be used as the acid anhydride (B).
• examples of compounds that can be copolymerized with a compound having an acid anhydride group and a polymerizable unsaturated group include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1,3-butadiene, and cyclopentylethylene; vinyl compounds having an aromatic ring such as styrene, 1-ethynyl-4-methylbenzene, divinylbenzene, 1-ethynyl-4-methylethylbenzene, benzonitrile, acrylonitrile, p-tert-butylstyrene, 4-vinylbiphenyl, 4-ethynylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethynylnaphthalene, and phenanthrene-9-ethyn
• Examples of the coupling agent include a silane coupling agent, a titanate-based coupling agent, and an aluminum-based coupling agent.
• Silane coupling agents include aminosilanes such as ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- ⁇ (aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- ⁇ (aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethyldimethoxysilane, N-phenyl- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine, and bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]amine; epoxysilanes such as ⁇ -(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane; vinylsilanes such as vinyltris( ⁇ -
• Titanate coupling agents include, for example, tetraisopropoxytitanium, tetra-n-butoxytitanium, butyl titanate dimer, tetrastearyl titanate, titanium acetylacetonate, titanium lactate, tetraoctylene glycol titanate, titanium lactate, and tetrastearoxytitanium.
• aluminum-based coupling agents examples include acetoalkoxyaluminum diisopropylate.
• the pigment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include organic pigments and inorganic pigments such as extender pigments, white pigments, black pigments, gray pigments, red pigments, brown pigments, green pigments, blue pigments, metal powder pigments, luminescent pigments, and pearlescent pigments, as well as plastic pigments, which are listed in the Paint Raw Materials Handbook 1970 Edition (compiled by the Japan Paint Manufacturers Association).
• extender pigments include precipitated barium sulfate, powdered gourd, precipitated calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, kansui stone, white alumina, silica, finely powdered hydrous silica (white carbon), ultrafine anhydrous silica (aerosil), silica sand, talc, precipitated magnesium carbonate, bentonite, clay, kaolin, and yellow earth.
• organic pigments include various insoluble azo pigments such as Benzidine Yellow, Hansa Yellow, Lake 4R, etc.; soluble azo pigments such as Lake C, Carmine 6B, Bordeaux 10, etc.; various (copper) phthalocyanine pigments such as Phthalocyanine Blue, Phthalocyanine Green, etc.; various chlorine dyeing lakes such as Rhodamine Lake, Methyl Violet Lake, etc.; various mordant dye pigments such as Quinoline Lake, Fast Sky Blue, etc.; various vat dye pigments such as Anthraquinone pigments, Thioindigo pigments, Perinone pigments, etc.; various quinacridone pigments such as Synchasia Red B, etc.; various dioxazine pigments such as Dioxazine Violet, etc.; various condensed azo pigments such as Chromophtal, etc.; aniline black, etc.
• insoluble azo pigments such as Benzidine Yellow, Hansa Yellow, Lake 4R, etc.
• Inorganic pigments include various chromates such as yellow lead, zinc chromate, and molybdate orange; various ferrocyanide compounds such as Prussian blue; various metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, mapico yellow, iron oxide, red iron oxide, chrome oxide green, and zirconium oxide; various sulfides or selenides such as cadmium yellow, cadmium red, and mercury sulfide; various sulfates such as barium sulfate and lead sulfate; various silicates such as calcium silicate and ultramarine; various carbonates such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate; various phosphates such as cobalt violet and manganese purple; various metal powder pigments such as aluminum powder, gold powder, silver powder, copper powder, bronze powder, and brass powder; flake pigments of these metals, mica flake pigments; metallic pigments and pearl pigments such as mica flake pigments coated with metal oxides and micaceous iron oxide pigments; graphite, carbon black, etc.
• plastic pigments examples include "Grandol PP-1000" and “PP-2000S” manufactured by DIC Corporation.
• the pigments used may be selected appropriately depending on the purpose, but for example, inorganic oxides such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide are preferably used as white pigments because of their excellent durability, weather resistance, and design properties, and carbon black is preferably used as black pigments.
• the amount of pigment to be blended is, for example, 1 to 400 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total non-volatile content of the polyol composition (X) and the polyisocyanate composition (Y), and it is more preferable to use 10 to 300 parts by mass to improve adhesion and blocking resistance.
• plasticizer examples include phthalic acid plasticizers, fatty acid plasticizers, aromatic polycarboxylic acid plasticizers, phosphoric acid plasticizers, polyol plasticizers, epoxy plasticizers, polyester plasticizers, and carbonate plasticizers.
• phthalic acid plasticizers include phthalic acid ester plasticizers such as dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate, diheptyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, dinonyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, ditridecyl phthalate, diundecyl phthalate, dilauryl phthalate, distearyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, octyl decyl phthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) isophthalate, and di
• Fatty acid plasticizers include, for example, adipic acid plasticizers such as di-n-butyl adipate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, diisodecyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, di(C6-C10 alkyl) adipate, and dibutyl diglycol adipate; azelaic acid plasticizers such as di-n-hexyl azelate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) azelate, and diisooctyl azelate; and di-n-butyl sebacate, di-( Sebacic acid plasticizers such as diisononyl sebacate and diisononyl sebacate; maleic acid plasticizers such as dimethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, di-n-butyl maleate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) maleate; fumaric acid plastic
• aromatic polycarboxylic acid plasticizers include trimellitic acid plasticizers such as tri-n-hexyl trimellitate, tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, tri-n-octyl trimellitate, triisooctyl trimellitate, triisononyl trimellitate, tridecyl trimellitate, and triisodecyl trimellitate, and pyromellitic acid plasticizers such as tetra-(2-ethylhexyl) pyromellitate and tetra-n-octyl pyromellitate.
• Examples of phosphoric acid plasticizers include triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tri-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, cresyl phenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, tris(chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(chloropropyl) phosphate, tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate, and tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate.
• polyol-based plasticizers examples include glycol-based plasticizers such as diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, triethylene glycol dibenzoate, triethylene glycol di-(2-ethylbutyrate), triethylene glycol di-(2-ethylhexoate), and dibutylmethylene bisthioglycolate, and glycerin-based plasticizers such as glycerol monoacetate, glycerol triacetate, and glycerol tributyrate.
• glycol-based plasticizers such as diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, triethylene glycol dibenzoate, triethylene glycol di-(2-ethylbutyrate), triethylene glycol di-(2-ethylhexoate), and dibutylmethylene bisthioglycolate
• glycerin-based plasticizers such as glycerol monoacetate, glycerol
• epoxy plasticizers include epoxidized soybean oil, epoxy butyl stearate, di-2-ethylhexyl epoxy hexahydrophthalate, diisodecyl epoxy hexahydrophthalate, epoxy triglyceride, epoxidized octyl oleate, and epoxidized decyl oleate.
• polyester plasticizers examples include adipic acid polyesters, sebacic acid polyesters, and phthalic acid polyesters.
• Carbonate plasticizers include propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate.
• plasticizers include partially hydrogenated terphenyls, adhesive plasticizers, and polymerizable plasticizers such as diallyl phthalate, acrylic monomers and oligomers. These plasticizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• Examples of the phosphoric acid compound include phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, methyl acid phosphate, ethyl acid phosphate, butyl acid phosphate, dibutyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, isododecyl acid phosphate, butoxyethyl acid phosphate, oleyl acid phosphate, tetracosyl acid phosphate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate acid phosphate, and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate.
• the two-component curing adhesive of the present invention may be in the form of either a solvent-based or solventless type.
• solvent-based adhesive refers to a form used in a method in which the adhesive is applied to a substrate, heated in an oven or the like to volatilize the organic solvent in the coating film, and then laminated to another substrate, that is, a so-called dry lamination method.
• Either or both of the polyisocyanate composition (X) and the polyol composition (Y) contain an organic solvent capable of dissolving (diluting) the components of the polyisocyanate composition (X) and the polyol composition (Y) used in the present invention.
• organic solvents examples include esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, cellosolve acetate, etc., ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc., ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc., aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, etc., halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, etc., dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfamide, etc.
• the organic solvent used as a reaction medium during the production of the components of the polyisocyanate composition (X) and the polyol composition (Y) may also be used as a diluent during coating.
• a "solvent-free" adhesive refers to a form of adhesive in which the polyisocyanate composition (X) and the polyol composition (Y) are substantially free of esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, cellosolve acetate, etc.; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc.; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, etc.; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, etc.; highly soluble organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfamide, in particular ethyl acetate or methyl ethyl ketone, and which is used in a method in which the adhesive is applied to a substrate and then bonded to another substrate without going
• the organic solvent used as a reaction medium in the manufacture of the components of polyisocyanate composition (X) or polyol composition (Y) or the raw materials thereof cannot be completely removed and trace amounts of organic solvent remain in polyisocyanate composition (X) or polyol composition (Y), it is considered that the composition does not substantially contain an organic solvent.
• polyol composition (Y) contains a low molecular weight alcohol
• the low molecular weight alcohol reacts with polyisocyanate composition (X) and becomes part of the coating film, so there is no need to volatilize it after coating. Therefore, such a form is also treated as a solventless adhesive, and the low molecular weight alcohol is not considered to be an organic solvent.
• the two-component curing adhesive of the present invention is preferably used by mixing the polyisocyanate composition (X) so that the ratio [NCO]/[OH] of the number of moles of isocyanate groups [NCO] contained in the polyisocyanate composition (X) to the number of moles of hydroxyl groups [OH] contained in the polyol composition (Y) is 0.5 to 5.0, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0. This makes it possible to obtain appropriate curing properties without depending on the environmental humidity at the time of application.
• the laminate of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by a method having a two-liquid mixing step in which the polyisocyanate composition (X) and the polyol composition (Y) are mixed in advance, then coated on a first substrate, the second substrate is laminated on the coated surface, and the adhesive layer is cured, or by a method having a two-liquid separate coating step in which the polyisocyanate composition (X) and the polyol composition (Y) are separately coated on a first substrate and a second substrate, the coated surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate are brought into contact with each other and pressed together to laminate the first substrate and the second substrate, and the adhesive layer is cured.
• a film can be appropriately selected according to the application.
• food packaging applications include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, polystyrene film, polyamide film, polyacrylonitrile film, polyethylene film (LLDPE: low density polyethylene film, HDPE: high density polyethylene film, MDOPE: uniaxially oriented polyethylene film, OPE: biaxially oriented polyethylene film), polypropylene film (CPP: unoriented polypropylene film, OPP: biaxially oriented polypropylene film), polyolefin films such as ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers and gas barrier heat seal films in which an olefin-based heat sealable resin layer is provided on one or both sides of a resin with gas barrier properties such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol film, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer films.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• HDPE high density polyethylene film
• MDOPE uniaxially oriented polyethylene film
• OPE biaxially oriented polyethylene film
• polypropylene film CPP
• Biomass films, biodegradable films, and recycled plastic films are sold by various companies.
• films certified in each country such as film sheets such as those listed in the list of biomass certified products listed by the Japan Organics Resources Association, films such as those listed in the list of Eco Mark certified products listed by the Japan Environment Association, and films bearing the symbol mark designated by the Japan Bioplastics Association.
• biomass films include those using ethylene glycol derived from biomass as a raw material.
• Biomass-derived ethylene glycol is made from ethanol (biomass ethanol) produced from biomass as a raw material.
• biomass-derived ethylene glycol can be obtained by a method of producing ethylene glycol from biomass ethanol via ethylene oxide using a conventionally known method.
• commercially available biomass ethylene glycol may be used, and for example, biomass ethylene glycol commercially available from India Glycoal Limited can be suitably used.
• films containing biomass polyester, biomass polyethylene terephthalate, etc. in which biomass-derived ethylene glycol is used as the diol unit and fossil fuel-derived dicarboxylic acid is used as the dicarboxylic acid unit, are known.
• the dicarboxylic acid unit of the biomass polyester uses a dicarboxylic acid derived from a fossil fuel.
• a dicarboxylic acid an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and a derivative thereof can be used without limitation.
• the copolymer polyester may be a copolymer polyester containing a copolymer component as a third component, such as a bifunctional oxycarboxylic acid or at least one polyfunctional compound selected from the group consisting of a trifunctional or higher functional polyhydric alcohol, a trifunctional or higher functional polycarboxylic acid and/or anhydride thereof, and a trifunctional or higher functional oxycarboxylic acid, in order to form a crosslinked structure.
• a copolymer component as a third component, such as a bifunctional oxycarboxylic acid or at least one polyfunctional compound selected from the group consisting of a trifunctional or higher functional polyhydric alcohol, a trifunctional or higher functional polycarboxylic acid and/or anhydride thereof, and a trifunctional or higher functional oxycarboxylic acid, in order to form a crosslinked structure.
• biomass polyolefin films such as biomass polyethylene films containing polyethylene resins made from biomass-derived ethylene glycol and biomass polyethylene-polypropylene films are also known.
• the polyethylene-based resin is not particularly limited except that ethylene glycol derived from biomass is used as a part of the raw material.
• examples of the polyethylene-based resin include an ethylene homopolymer and a copolymer of ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin containing ethylene as a main component (ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer containing 90% by mass or more of ethylene units), and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the ⁇ -olefin constituting the copolymer of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ⁇ -olefins having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, such as 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
• Known polyethylene resins such as low-density polyethylene resins, medium-density polyethylene resins, and linear low-density polyethylene resins, can be used.
• linear low-density polyethylene resins (LLDPE) (copolymers of ethylene and 1-hexene, or copolymers of ethylene and 1-octene) are preferred, and linear low-density polyethylene resins having a density of 0.910 to 0.925 g/cm 3 are more preferred.
• Biomass films that use biomass raw materials and are classified according to the biomass plastic degree specified by ISO 16620 or ASTM D6866 are also on the market.
• Radioactive carbon-14C exists in the atmosphere at a ratio of 1 in 1012 particles, and this ratio does not change with atmospheric carbon dioxide, so this ratio does not change even in plants that fix this carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.
• the carbon in plant-derived resins contains radioactive carbon-14C.
• the carbon in fossil fuel-derived resins contains almost no radioactive carbon-14C. Therefore, by measuring the concentration of radioactive carbon-14C in the resin with an accelerator mass spectrometer, the proportion of plant-derived resin in the resin, i.e., the biomass plastic degree, can be determined.
• plant-derived low-density polyethylene which is a biomass plastic with a biomass plastic content of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more as specified by ISO16620 or ASTM D6866
• examples of plant-derived low-density polyethylene include products manufactured by Braskem under the trade names "SBC818”, “SPB608”, “SBF0323HC”, “STN7006”, “SEB853”, and “SPB681”, and films using these as raw materials can be suitably used.
• films and sheets containing starch, a biomass raw material, and polylactic acid are also known. These can be selected and used as appropriate depending on the application.
• the biomass film may be a laminate of multiple biomass films, or a laminate of a conventional petroleum-based film and a biomass film. These biomass films may be unstretched or stretched films, and there are no limitations on the manufacturing method.
• biodegradable film Specifically, well-known biodegradable films include those made from commonly available biodegradable resins. For example, polycaprolactone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, cellulose ester, lactic acid-based polyester resins, aliphatic polyester resins, or aliphatic aromatic polyester resins may be used. These biodegradable resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, aliphatic polyester resins or aliphatic aromatic polyester resins are preferably used. Examples of the aliphatic polyester resin include aliphatic polyesters obtained by polycondensation reaction of aliphatic diols and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
• aliphatic diols examples include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. These may be used alone or in mixtures. Of these, it is preferable to use 1,4-butanediol.
• aliphatic dicarboxylic acids examples include oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid, and dodecanedioic acid, and acid anhydrides that are derivatives of these may also be used.
• succinic acid or succinic anhydride, or a mixture of these with adipic acid is preferable.
• Specific examples include polybutylene succinate (PBS) obtained from 1,4-butanediol and succinic acid (for example, BioPBS manufactured by PPT MCC Biochem), and polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) obtained by copolymerizing PBS with adipic acid.
• PBS polybutylene succinate
• PBSA polybutylene succinate adipate
• Examples of the aliphatic aromatic polyester resin include copolymers containing an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid unit, and a chain aliphatic and/or alicyclic diol unit.
• the diol component that gives the diol unit usually has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
• diols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred, and ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol are preferred, with 1,4-butanediol being more preferred.
• the dicarboxylic acid component that gives the dicarboxylic acid unit usually has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid. Among these, succinic acid or adipic acid is preferred.
• aromatic dicarboxylic acid components that give aromatic dicarboxylic acid units include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. Of these, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid are preferred, with terephthalic acid being more preferred.
• PBAT for example, Ecoflex manufactured by BASF Co., Ltd.
• PBAT which is a copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, adipic acid, and terephthalic acid
• poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) which are aliphatic polyester copolymers obtained from hydroxyalkanoic acids and polycarboxylic acids (particularly poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) (e.g., Aonilex, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), and polylactic acid (PLA) (e.g., REVODE, manufactured by Kaisei Biomaterials, and Ingeo, manufactured by Natureworks).
• PHBH poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)
• PLA polylactic acid
• the biodegradable film may be a laminate of multiple biodegradable films, or a laminate of a conventional petroleum-based film and a biodegradable film. These biodegradable films may be unstretched or stretched films, and there are no limitations on the manufacturing method.
• the film may be one that has been stretched.
• a typical stretching method involves melt-extruding a resin into a sheet using an extrusion film-making method or the like, followed by simultaneous biaxial stretching or sequential biaxial stretching.
• sequential biaxial stretching it is common to first perform longitudinal stretching, and then transverse stretching. Specifically, a method that combines longitudinal stretching using the speed difference between rolls and transverse stretching using a tenter is often used.
• the film surface may be subjected to various surface treatments such as flame treatment or corona discharge treatment to ensure that an adhesive layer is formed that is free of defects such as film breaks or repellency.
• a film laminated with a vapor-deposited layer of a metal such as aluminum or a metal oxide such as silica or alumina, or a barrier film containing a gas barrier layer of polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, vinylidene chloride, etc. may be used in combination.
• a laminate with barrier properties against water vapor, oxygen, alcohol, inert gases, volatile organic compounds (fragrances), etc. can be obtained.
• the paper can be made from any known paper base material without any particular limitations.
• the paper is made from natural fibers for papermaking such as wood pulp using a known papermaking machine, but the papermaking conditions are not particularly regulated.
• natural fibers for papermaking include wood pulp such as softwood pulp and hardwood pulp, non-wood pulp such as Manila hemp pulp, sisal hemp pulp, and flax pulp, and pulps obtained by chemically modifying these pulps.
• Types of pulp that can be used include chemical pulp made by sulfate cooking, acidic/neutral/alkaline sulfite cooking, soda cooking, etc., ground pulp, chemi-ground pulp, thermomechanical pulp, etc.
• various commercially available fine papers, coated papers, backing papers, impregnated papers, cardboard, and paperboard can also be used.
• the laminate has the following structure: (1) Substrate 1/adhesive layer 1/sealant film (2) Substrate 1/adhesive layer 1/metal-vapor-deposited unstretched film (3) Substrate 1/adhesive layer 1/metal-vapor-deposited stretched film (4) Transparent vapor-deposited stretched film/adhesive layer 1/sealant film (5) Substrate 1/adhesive layer 1/substrate 2/adhesive layer 2/sealant film (6) Substrate 1/adhesive layer 1/metal-vapor-deposited stretched film/adhesive layer 2/sealant film (7) Substrate 1/adhesive layer 1/transparent vapor-deposited stretched film/adhesive layer 2/sealant film (8) Substrate 1/adhesive layer 1/metal layer/adhesive layer 2/sealant film (9) Substrate 1/ad
• the substrate 1 used in the structure (1) may be an MDOPE film, an OPE film, an OPP film, a PET film, a nylon film, paper, or the like.
• the substrate 1 may be coated with a coating for the purpose of improving the gas barrier properties or the ink receptivity when providing a printing layer, which will be described later.
• Examples of commercially available substrate films 1 with coatings include K-OPP films, K-PET films, and K-nylon films.
• the adhesive layer 1 is a cured coating of the adhesive of the present invention.
• sealant films include CPP films, LLDPE films, easy-to-open heat seal films, and gas barrier heat seal films.
• a printing layer may be provided on the adhesive layer 1 side of the substrate 1 (when a substrate film 1 with coating is used, the adhesive layer 1 side of the coating layer) or on the side opposite to the adhesive layer 1.
• the printing layer is formed by a general printing method that has been used for printing on polymer films and paper using various printing inks such as gravure ink, flexographic ink, offset ink, stencil ink, and inkjet ink.
• the substrate 1 used in structures (2) and (3) may be an MDOPE film, an OPE film, an OPP film, a PET film, paper, or the like.
• the adhesive layer 1 is a cured coating of the adhesive of the present invention.
• metal-vapor-deposited unstretched films, CPP films, LLDPE films, VM-CPP films and VM-LLDPE films obtained by depositing a metal such as aluminum on a gas barrier heat seal film, and as metal-vapor-deposited stretched films, VM-MDOPE films, VM-OPE films and VM-OPP films obtained by depositing a metal such as aluminum on an MDOPE film, OPE film, or OPP film may be used.
• a printed layer may be provided on either side of the substrate 1.
• the transparent vapor-deposited stretched film used in configuration (4) may be a film obtained by vapor-depositing silica or alumina onto an MDOPE film, an OPE film, an OPP film, a PET film, a nylon film, or the like.
• a film having a coating applied onto the vapor-deposited layer of silica or alumina may be used for the purpose of protecting the inorganic vapor-deposited layer.
• the adhesive layer 1 is a cured coating of the adhesive of the present invention. Examples of the sealant film include the same as those in configuration (1).
• a printed layer may be provided on the surface of the transparent vapor-deposited stretched film on the adhesive layer 1 side (when a film having a coating applied onto the inorganic vapor-deposited layer is used, the surface of the coating layer on the adhesive layer 1 side).
• the method of forming the printed layer is the same as in configuration (1).
• the substrate 1 used in configuration (5) may be a PET film, paper, or the like.
• the substrate 2 may be a nylon film, or the like.
• At least one of the adhesive layers 1 and 2 is a cured coating film of the adhesive of the present invention.
• the sealant film may be the same as that in configuration (1).
• a printing layer may be provided on either side of the substrate 1.
• the substrate 1 in structure (6) may be the same as those in structures (2) and (3).
• Metal-vapor-deposited stretched films include VM-MDOPE film, VM-OPE film, VM-OPP film, and VM-PET film, which are MDOPE film, OPE film, OPP film, and PET film that have been subjected to metal vapor deposition of aluminum or the like.
• At least one of the adhesive layer 1 and the adhesive layer 2 is a cured coating film of the adhesive of the present invention.
• the sealant film may be the same as those in structure (1).
• a printed layer may be provided on either side of the substrate 1.
• Examples of the substrate 1 in structure (7) include PET film, paper, etc.
• Examples of the transparent vapor deposition stretched film include those similar to those in structure (4).
• At least one of the adhesive layers 1 and 2 is a cured coating film of the adhesive of the present invention.
• Examples of the sealant film include those similar to those in structure (1).
• a printed layer may be provided on either side of the substrate 1.
• Examples of the substrate 1 in structure (8) include PET film, paper, etc.
• Examples of the metal layer include aluminum foil, etc.
• At least one of the adhesive layers 1 and 2 is a cured coating film of the adhesive of the present invention.
• Examples of the sealant film include those similar to those in structure (1).
• a printed layer may be provided on either side of the substrate 1.
• examples of the substrate 1 include PET film, paper, etc.
• examples of the substrate 2 include nylon film, etc.
• Examples of the metal layer include aluminum foil, etc.
• At least one layer of the adhesive layers 1, 2, and 3 is a cured coating film of the adhesive of the present invention.
• examples of the sealant film include the same as in structure (1).
• a printed layer may be provided on either side of the substrate 1.
• the adhesive layer in contact with the metal vapor deposition layer, the transparent vapor deposition layer, and the metal layer is a cured coating film of the adhesive of the present invention.
• the adhesive auxiliary of the present invention is applied to the film material that serves as the base material using a roll such as a gravure roll, the organic solvent is evaporated by heating in an oven or the like, and then a molten polymer material is laminated using an extruder to obtain the laminate of the present invention.
• the laminate of the present invention may further include other films and substrates in addition to the above-mentioned configurations (1) to (10).
• the other substrates in addition to the above-mentioned stretched films, unstretched films, and transparent vapor deposition films, porous substrates such as paper, wood, and leather, which will be described later, can also be used.
• the adhesive used when bonding the other substrates may or may not be the adhesive of the present invention.
• the “other layer” may contain known additives or stabilizers, such as antistatic agents, adhesion enhancing coating agents, plasticizers, lubricants, antioxidants, etc. Furthermore, the “other layer” may be a film whose surface has been pretreated with corona treatment, plasma treatment, ozone treatment, chemical treatment, solvent treatment, etc., in order to improve adhesion when laminated with other materials.
• the laminate of the present invention can be suitably used for a variety of applications, such as packaging materials for food, medicines, and daily necessities; lid materials, paper tableware such as paper straws, paper napkins, paper spoons, paper plates, and paper cups; barrier materials, roofing materials, solar panel materials, battery packaging materials, window materials, outdoor flooring materials, lighting protection materials, automotive parts, signs, stickers, and other outdoor industrial applications; decorative sheets used in simultaneous injection molding decoration methods, and packaging materials for liquid laundry detergents, liquid kitchen detergents, liquid bath detergents, liquid bath soaps, liquid shampoos, liquid conditioners, and the like.
• the laminate of the present invention can be used as a multi-layer packaging material for protecting foods, medicines, etc.
• the layer structure can be changed depending on the contents, the environment of use, and the form of use.
• the package of the present invention may be appropriately provided with an easy-opening treatment or a resealable means.
• An example of a specific embodiment of the packaging material of the present invention is a packaging material made by making a bag from a laminate having a sealant film, such as the laminate configuration examples (1), (4) to (10) described above.
• the laminate is folded or overlapped so that the inner layer surfaces (sealant film surfaces) face each other, and the peripheral edges are heat-sealed to form a bag.
• bag-making methods include heat-sealing methods using a side seal type, two-sided seal type, three-sided seal type, four-sided seal type, envelope seal type, hem seal type, pleated seal type, flat bottom seal type, square bottom seal type, gusset type, and other heat seal types.
• the packaging material of the present invention can take various forms depending on the contents, the environment in which it is used, and the form in which it is used. Self-supporting packaging materials (standing pouches) are also possible. Examples of heat-sealing methods include known methods such as bar seal, rotary roll seal, belt seal, impulse seal, high frequency seal, and ultrasonic seal.
• the packaging material of the present invention is filled with the contents through its opening, and the opening is then heat-sealed to produce a product using the packaging material of the present invention.
• the contents to be filled include, for example, foods such as rice crackers, bean snacks, nuts, biscuits and cookies, wafer snacks, marshmallows, pies, semi-dried cakes, candies, and snack foods; staple foods such as bread, snack noodles, instant noodles, dried noodles, pasta, aseptically packaged cooked rice, porridge, porridge, packaged rice cakes, and cereal foods; agricultural processed products such as pickles, boiled beans, natto, miso, frozen tofu, tofu, nametake mushrooms, konjac, wild vegetable processed products, jams, peanut cream, salads, frozen vegetables, and potato processed products; livestock processed products such as ham, bacon, sausages, chicken processed products, and corned beef; and fish ham, These include processed seafood products such as sausages, fish paste products, kamaboko, nori, tsukudani (food boiled in soy
• non-food items including tobacco, disposable hand warmers, medicines such as infusion packs, liquid laundry detergent, liquid kitchen detergent, liquid bath detergent, liquid bath soap, liquid shampoo, liquid conditioner, cosmetics such as lotion and milky lotion, vacuum insulation materials, batteries, etc.
• Example 1 Polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1-1) (Step (1)) 827.59 g of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 0.22 mg of sodium hydroxide, 0.029 mg of magnesium hydroxide, 327.59 g of a bifunctional polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 400 (EXCENOL 420 manufactured by AGC) (hereinafter referred to as PPG400D), and 327.59 g of a bifunctional polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 2000 (VORANOL2120 manufactured by DOW) (hereinafter referred to as PPG2000D) were reacted under a nitrogen stream at 80° C. until the NCO% no longer changed, to obtain a composition containing polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1-1) and unreacted TDI.
• TDI tolylene diisocyanate
• PPG400D bifunctional polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 400
• Step (2) The resulting composition was transferred to a thin-film distillation apparatus and purified under conditions of a pressure of about 0.02 Torr and a temperature of 160° C. until the TDI content in the composition was 0.05% by mass, thereby obtaining a polyisocyanate composition (X-1).
• the calculated sodium atom content of polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1-1) was 125 ppb, the magnesium atom content was 12 ppb, and the mass ratio of both atoms, Na/Mg, was 10.4.
• TDI Tolylene diisocyanate
• HDI Hexamethylene diisocyanate
• MDI50 Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (mixture of 4,4'-MDI- and 2,4'-MDI isomers)
• PPG400D Bifunctional polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 400
• PPG1000D Bifunctional polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000
• PPG2000D Bifunctional polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 2000
• PEG1000D Bifunctional polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000
• NaOH Sodium hydroxide
• Mg(OH) 2 Magnesium hydroxide
• NCO% (measured value) was calculated using the following formula, and the measured value was obtained by rounding off to the nearest tenth of a decimal point.
• the NCO% (theoretical value) was calculated based on the amounts of isocyanate and polyol used in the synthesis of polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1) assuming that an equimolar amount of isocyanate reacted with the hydroxyl groups of the polyol (since the reaction was carried out in a system in which an excess amount of isocyanate groups existed relative to the hydroxyl groups, no reaction occurred in which the polyol formed a urethane bond at the isocyanate end).
• the NCO% (measured value) and NCO% (theoretical value) were compared and evaluated on a three-level scale according to the following evaluation criteria, and the results are summarized in Tables 5 to 8.
• ⁇ The difference between the theoretical value and the measured value is less than 0.2%.
• ⁇ The difference between the theoretical value and the measured value is 0.2% or more but less than 0.4%.
• ⁇ The difference between the theoretical value and the measured value is 0.4% or more.
• the polyurethane polyisocyanate (A1-1) was used as the polyisocyanate composition (X-1), and a trifunctional polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 400 (manufactured by AGC, Exenol 430) was used as the polyol composition (Y) in the compounding ratio shown in Table 9, to prepare the two-component curing adhesive of Example 1.
• Examples 2 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polyurethane polyisocyanates (A1-2) to (A1-12) and (A1'-1) to (A1'-12) were replaced by polyisocyanate compositions (X-2) to (X-12) and (X'-1) to (X'-12), respectively.
• the prepared adhesive was applied to a plain stretched polypropylene film at a coating amount of about 2.0 g/ m2 using a laminator set at a lamination speed of 150 m/min, and then the film was laminated with a non-stretched polypropylene film and aged at 40°C for 3 days to produce a laminate for evaluation.

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