WO2024190477A1 - 低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024190477A1 WO2024190477A1 PCT/JP2024/007911 JP2024007911W WO2024190477A1 WO 2024190477 A1 WO2024190477 A1 WO 2024190477A1 JP 2024007911 W JP2024007911 W JP 2024007911W WO 2024190477 A1 WO2024190477 A1 WO 2024190477A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1811—C10or C11-(Meth)acrylate, e.g. isodecyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate or 2-naphthyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2400/00—Characteristics for processes of polymerization
- C08F2400/02—Control or adjustment of polymerization parameters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer.
- (Meth)acrylic polymers have traditionally been produced by polymerization methods such as solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, and bulk polymerization.
- solution polymerization generally uses an organic solvent as the medium, making it easy to control the temperature during the polymerization reaction, and can easily polymerize the resulting (meth)acrylic polymer regardless of whether it has a low or high glass transition temperature (Tg). For this reason, solution polymerization is widely used to produce (meth)acrylic polymers.
- Patent Document 1 a method for producing a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer by radical polymerization using carbon dioxide as a diluent has been disclosed.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a means for improving productivity in a method for producing a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer by radical polymerization in the presence of at least one fluid selected from a high pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid.
- a method for producing a low-molecular-weight (meth)acrylic polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a low-molecular-weight (meth)acrylic polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 or less, which comprises radically polymerizing a monomer component containing a (meth)acrylic monomer using a polymerization initiator in the presence of at least one fluid selected from a high-pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid, and carrying out at least one of the following (a) and (b): (a) When the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is T° C., the polymerization temperature of the radical polymerization is set to (T+10)° C.
- the polymerization initiator As the polymerization initiator, a polymerization initiator having a 10-hour half-life temperature of 40° C. or higher is used. [2] In the method for producing a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer according to the above [1], the polymerization temperature may be set to (T+15)° C. or higher. [3] In the method for producing a low-molecular-weight (meth)acrylic polymer according to the above [1] or [2], the polymerization initiator may have a 10-hour half-life temperature of 55° C. or lower.
- the fluid may be a supercritical fluid.
- the supercritical fluid may be carbon dioxide in a supercritical state.
- a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer can be produced with high productivity by radical polymerization in the presence of at least one fluid selected from a high pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid.
- weight which is the commonly used SI unit for indicating weight. Conversely, when the term “mass” appears in this specification, it may be read as “weight,” which is the commonly used conventional unit for indicating weight.
- (meth)acrylic means “acrylic and/or methacrylic
- the term “(meth)acrylate” means “acrylate and/or methacrylate
- the term “(meth)allyl” means “allyl and/or methallyl”
- the term “(meth)acrolein” means "acrolein and/or methacrolein”.
- the method for producing a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or less.
- the low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or less obtained by the method for producing a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention may be simply referred to as a "low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer" below.
- the weight average molecular weight of the low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer is preferably 500 to 100,000, more preferably 1,000 to 50,000, even more preferably 2,000 to 30,000, and particularly preferably 3,000 to 10,000.
- radical polymerization is used in the presence of at least one fluid selected from high-pressure gas fluid, supercritical fluid, and subcritical fluid.
- radical polymerization is carried out in the presence of at least one fluid selected from high-pressure gas fluid, supercritical fluid, and subcritical fluid, so there is no need to use organic solvents, and no need to recover or treat organic solvents, which is not only preferable from a cost perspective, but also from an environmental perspective.
- the present invention unlike the emulsion polymerization method and suspension polymerization method, it is not necessary to use an emulsifier or dispersant. This makes it possible to prevent the emulsifier or dispersant from being mixed into the obtained low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer.
- radical polymerization is carried out in the presence of at least one fluid selected from a high-pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid, so that the monomer components can be well dispersed in the system regardless of the hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of the monomer components. Therefore, even if, for example, two or more monomers with different hydrophilic properties are used as the monomer components, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the monomer components are dispersed with good dispersibility in the system, so that a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer having a uniform composition can be produced.
- the dilution effect of carbon dioxide allows the monomer component to be well dispersed in the system, making it easy to control the reactivity.
- solid residues other than the low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer can be removed by at least one fluid selected from a high pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid. Therefore, the low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer can be easily separated with high purity without performing complicated operations.
- the fluid is at least one selected from a high-pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid, and is preferably a supercritical fluid in that it can more effectively exert the effects of the present invention, and more preferably carbon dioxide in a supercritical state.
- the at least one fluid selected from the high-pressure gas fluid, supercritical fluid, and subcritical fluid may be "at least one fluid selected from the high-pressure gas fluid, supercritical fluid, and subcritical fluid" during radical polymerization. That is, for example, even if it is not “at least one fluid selected from the high-pressure gas fluid, supercritical fluid, and subcritical fluid" before radical polymerization, typically when it is supplied to a high-pressure polymerization reactor, it may be "at least one fluid selected from the high-pressure gas fluid, supercritical fluid, and subcritical fluid” when it is supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor and the reactor is pressurized.
- the carbon dioxide does not have to be in a supercritical state when it is supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor, and it may be "carbon dioxide in a supercritical state” when it is supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor and the reactor is pressurized.
- the term "fluid material” refers to a material that becomes at least one type of fluid selected from a high-pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid in a high-pressure polymerization reactor during radical polymerization, but is not in a fluid state before being supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor (e.g., carbon dioxide, etc.).
- the amount of carbon dioxide (which becomes supercritical carbon dioxide in a high-pressure polymerization reactor during radical polymerization) used may be any appropriate amount within the range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the amount of carbon dioxide used is preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 5 to 2000 parts by weight, and even more preferably 20 to 900 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the monomer component.
- the carbon dioxide (which becomes supercritical carbon dioxide in the high-pressure polymerization reactor during radical polymerization) is preferably high-purity carbon dioxide, and the purity of the carbon dioxide is preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more, even more preferably 99% or more, and particularly preferably 99.5% or more.
- At least one fluid selected from high pressure gas fluid, supercritical fluid, and subcritical fluid is sufficient.
- an organic solvent e.g., toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate
- toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate may be used in combination to improve mixability.
- the monomer component includes a (meth)acrylic monomer.
- the (meth)acrylic monomer may be of only one type or of two or more types.
- the content of the (meth)acrylic monomer in the monomer component may be any appropriate content depending on the purpose, as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the content of the (meth)acrylic monomer in the monomer component is preferably 50% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, even more preferably 90% by weight to 100% by weight, and particularly preferably 95% by weight to 100% by weight.
- Examples of (meth)acrylic monomers include (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, alicyclic structure-containing acrylic monomers, aromatic ring-containing acrylic monomers, hydroxyl group-containing acrylic monomers, epoxy group-containing acrylic monomers, alkoxy group-containing acrylic monomers, amide group-containing acrylic monomers, cyano group-containing acrylic monomers, amino group-containing acrylic monomers, isocyanate group-containing acrylic monomers, aziridine group-containing acrylic monomers, halogen atom-containing acrylic monomers, silicon atom-containing acrylic monomers, and polyfunctional acrylic monomers.
- the (meth)acrylic monomer preferably contains an alicyclic structure-containing acrylic monomer.
- the content of the alicyclic structure-containing acrylic monomer in the (meth)acrylic monomer is preferably 50% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, even more preferably 90% by weight to 100% by weight, and particularly preferably 95% by weight to 100% by weight.
- any appropriate (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester may be used as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- examples of such (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, s-butyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, heptyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl ...
- acrylates examples include isooctyl acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, isodecyl (meth)acrylate, undecyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, tetradecyl (meth)acrylate, pentadecyl (meth)acrylate, hexadecyl (meth)acrylate, heptadecyl (meth)acrylate, octadecyl (meth)acrylate, nonadecyl (meth)acrylate, and eicosyl (meth)acrylate.
- Any appropriate alicyclic structure-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the alicyclic structure-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- Examples of such alicyclic structure-containing acrylic monomers include monocyclic hydrocarbon ring-containing acrylic monomers and polycyclic hydrocarbon ring-containing acrylic monomers.
- any appropriate monocyclic hydrocarbon ring-containing acrylic monomer may be used as long as it is an acrylic monomer having a monocyclic hydrocarbon ring and does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- monocyclic hydrocarbon ring-containing acrylic monomers include cyclopentyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, cycloheptyl (meth)acrylate, and cyclooctyl (meth)acrylate.
- any appropriate polycyclic hydrocarbon ring-containing acrylic monomer may be used as long as it is an acrylic monomer having a polycyclic hydrocarbon ring and does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- Examples of such polycyclic hydrocarbon ring-containing acrylic monomers include dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyloxyethyl (meth)acrylate, tricyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, 1-adamantyl (meth)acrylate, 2-methyl-2-adamantyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethyl-2-adamantyl (meth)acrylate, bornyl (meth)acrylate, norbornyl (meth)acrylate, and isobornyl (meth)acrylate.
- aromatic ring-containing acrylic monomer Any appropriate aromatic ring-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the aromatic ring-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- aromatic ring-containing acrylic monomers include phenyl (meth)acrylate, naphthyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, and benzyl (meth)acrylate.
- any appropriate hydroxyl group-containing acrylic monomer may be used as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- examples of such hydroxyl group-containing acrylic monomers include hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyhexyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyoctyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxydecyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxylauryl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid monoester of polyethylene glycol, (meth)acrylic acid monoester of polypropylene glycol, and [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl methacrylate.
- epoxy group-containing acrylic monomer Any appropriate epoxy group-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the epoxy group-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- epoxy group-containing acrylic monomers include glycidyl (meth)acrylate and methylglycidyl (meth)acrylate.
- alkoxy group-containing acrylic monomer any appropriate alkoxy group-containing acrylic monomer may be used as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- alkoxy group-containing acrylic monomers include methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, ethoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, propoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, and ethoxypropyl (meth)acrylate.
- Any appropriate amide group-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the amide group-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- Examples of such amide group-containing acrylic monomers include (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-butyl(meth)acrylamide, and N-hydroxy(meth)acrylamide.
- Any appropriate cyano group-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the cyano group-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- An example of such a cyano group-containing acrylic monomer is (meth)acrylonitrile.
- amino group-containing acrylic monomer Any appropriate amino group-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the amino group-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- amino group-containing acrylic monomers include aminoethyl (meth)acrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, and t-butylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate.
- Any appropriate isocyanate group-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the isocyanate group-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- An example of such an isocyanate group-containing acrylic monomer is 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate.
- aziridine group-containing acrylic monomer Any appropriate aziridine group-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the aziridine group-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- An example of such an aziridine group-containing acrylic monomer is (meth)acryloylaziridine.
- Any appropriate halogen atom-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the halogen atom-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- An example of such a halogen atom-containing acrylic monomer is 2-chloroethyl (meth)acrylate.
- silicon-atom-containing acrylic monomer Any appropriate silicon-atom-containing acrylic monomer may be used as the silicon atom-containing acrylic monomer as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- silicon atom-containing acrylic monomers include ⁇ -(meth)acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and (meth)acryloyloxyalkyl (di- or mono-)alkoxysilanes corresponding to the (meth)acryloyloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane.
- any appropriate polyfunctional acrylic monomer may be used as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- examples of such polyfunctional acrylic monomers include hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, (poly)ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, (poly)propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol di(meth)acrylate, glycerin di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, urethane acrylate, divinylbenzene, butyl di(meth)acrylate, and hexyl di(meth)acrylate.
- any other appropriate monomer capable of radical polymerization with the above (meth)acrylic monomer can be used within the scope of not impairing the effects of the present invention.
- examples of such other monomers include carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomers such as itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, and isocrotonic acid, and their acid anhydrides (maleic anhydride, isocrotonic anhydride, etc.); vinyl ester monomers such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; styrene monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and vinyltoluene; olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene, and butadiene; halogen atom-containing vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride; methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and the like.
- vinyl ether monomers such as ether; imide group-containing monomers such as N-cyclohexylmaleimide and N-isopropylmaleimide; sulfonic acid group-containing monomers such as sodium vinyl sulfonate; phosphate group-containing monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl acryloyl phosphate; heterocycle-containing vinyl monomers such as N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinylpyridine, N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinylpyrimidine, N-vinylpiperazine, N-vinylpyrazine, N-vinylpyrrole, N-vinylimidazole, and N-vinyloxazole.
- imide group-containing monomers such as N-cyclohexylmaleimide and N-isopropylmaleimide
- sulfonic acid group-containing monomers such as sodium vinyl sulfonate
- phosphate group-containing monomers such as 2-hydroxy
- a preferred embodiment (1) of the radical polymerization in the production method of the present invention is an embodiment in which, when the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator used is T°C, the polymerization temperature of the radical polymerization is set to (T+10)°C or higher.
- the polymerization temperature of the radical polymerization is, as described above, (T+10)°C or higher, preferably (T+13)°C or higher, and more preferably (T+15)°C or higher.
- the upper limit of the polymerization temperature of the radical polymerization is preferably (T+30)°C or lower, and more preferably (T+25)°C or lower.
- T°C when the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is T°C, setting the polymerization temperature of the radical polymerization within the above range can effectively promote the cleavage of the polymerization initiator, making it possible to shorten the polymerization time. Therefore, low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymers can be produced with high productivity.
- radical polymerization is carried out in at least one fluid selected from a high pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid, typically in a high pressure polymerization reactor. Therefore, in embodiment (1), even if the polymerization temperature of the radical polymerization is set within the above range, the problem of troubles such as bumping caused by a sudden increase in pressure in the polymerization system can be suppressed, and low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymers can be produced safely and with high productivity.
- any appropriate polymerization initiator may be used as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- examples of such polymerization initiators include thermal polymerization initiators and photopolymerization initiators.
- the polymerization initiator may be of only one type, or of two or more types.
- thermal polymerization initiators examples include 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4,4-trimethylpentane), dimethyl-2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionate), 4,4'-azobis(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl-4-cyanopentanoate), 2,2'-azobis(N-butyl-2-methyl
- the photopolymerization initiator include azo-based polymerization initiators such as dimethyl-1,1'-azobis(1-cyclohexanecarboxylate) and dimethyl-1,1'-azobis(1-cyclohexanecarboxylate); peroxide-based polymerization initiators such as benzoyl peroxid
- photopolymerization initiator examples include 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide.
- the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is preferably 40°C or higher, more preferably 43°C or higher, and even more preferably 45°C or higher.
- the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is preferably 80°C or lower, more preferably 70°C or lower, even more preferably 60°C or lower, and particularly preferably 55°C or lower.
- the polymerization initiator having a 10-hour half-life temperature within the above range may be appropriately selected from any appropriate polymerization initiator, such as the above-mentioned thermal polymerization initiators and photopolymerization initiators.
- the polymerization initiator is stable at room temperature, and polymerization of the monomer components can be prevented from starting before the temperature in the high-pressure polymerization reactor is raised (typically, near room temperature). Also, if the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is within the above range, the polymerization temperature can be set low because the cleavage temperature of the polymerization initiator is low. In other words, even if the polymerization temperature is low, the cleavage of the polymerization initiator is effectively promoted, and energy costs can be reduced.
- the polymerization initiator may become less stable at room temperature, or polymerization of the monomer components may start before the temperature in the high-pressure polymerization reactor is raised. If the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is too high outside the above range, the cleavage temperature of the polymerization initiator becomes high, and it is necessary to raise the polymerization temperature, which may increase energy costs.
- the amount of polymerization initiator used may be any appropriate amount as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the amount used is preferably 0.005 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.05 to 15 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the monomer component.
- a chain transfer agent may be used in the radical polymerization to adjust the molecular weight of the low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer. Any appropriate chain transfer agent may be used as the chain transfer agent as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- chain transfer agents examples include alkyl mercaptans having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (such as lauryl mercaptan), benzyl mercaptan, glycidyl mercaptan, thioglycolic acid, 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, ⁇ -thioglycerol, benzyl alcohol, ⁇ -methylbenzyl alcohol, 2,3-dimethylcapto-1-propanol, and ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer.
- alkyl mercaptans having 1 to 15 carbon atoms such as lauryl mercaptan
- benzyl mercaptan glycidyl mercaptan
- thioglycolic acid 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate
- 3-mercaptopropionic acid 2-mercaptoethanol
- 2-mercaptoethanol ⁇ -thiogly
- Oligomers such as rosin acid, rosin acid esters, and terpene resins may also be used to adjust the molecular weight instead of the chain transfer agent. Any appropriate amount of the chain transfer agent or the oligomers may be used as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the amount of chain transfer agent used is, for example, preferably 0.005 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.05 to 15 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the monomer component.
- a monomer component, a polymerization initiator, a fluid material that becomes at least one type of fluid selected from a high-pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid in a high-pressure polymerization reactor during radical polymerization, and a chain transfer agent as necessary are placed in a high-pressure polymerization reactor and radically polymerized to obtain a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer.
- the polymerization initiator may be supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor separately from the monomer component, or may be supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor in the form of a mixture in which it is previously mixed with the monomer component.
- the chain transfer agent may be supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor separately from the monomer component, or may be supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor in the form of a mixture in which it is previously mixed with the monomer component.
- the cleavage of the polymerization initiator can be effectively promoted, so that the polymerization time during radical polymerization can be shortened, and is preferably 10 hours or less, more preferably 8 hours or less, even more preferably 6 hours or less, particularly preferably 4 hours or less, and most preferably 2 hours or less.
- the lower limit of the polymerization time is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 5 minutes or more, and even more preferably 10 minutes or more.
- the pressure during radical polymerization can be set appropriately depending on conditions such as the polymerization temperature.
- a polymerization pressure is preferably 5.73 MPa to 40 MPa, more preferably 7.3 MPa to 30 MPa, and even more preferably 10 MPa to 25 MPa.
- the polymerization pressure and polymerization temperature may be set in several stages, or may be set to change continuously, as necessary.
- Another preferred embodiment (2) of the radical polymerization in the production method of the present invention is an embodiment in which a polymerization initiator having a 10-hour half-life temperature of 40° C. or higher is used as the polymerization initiator.
- the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is, as described above, 40°C or higher, preferably 43°C or higher, and more preferably 45°C or higher.
- the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is preferably 80°C or lower, more preferably 70°C or lower, even more preferably 60°C or lower, and particularly preferably 55°C or lower, in order to further enhance the effects of the present invention.
- the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator if the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is within the above range, the stability of the polymerization initiator at room temperature is improved, and the initiation of polymerization of the monomer components in a state before the temperature in the high-pressure polymerization reactor is increased (typically, around 15°C to 37°C) can be suppressed.
- the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is within the above range, the polymerization temperature can be set low because the cleavage temperature of the polymerization initiator is low. In other words, even if the polymerization temperature is low, the cleavage of the polymerization initiator is effectively promoted, and energy costs can be reduced.
- the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is too low outside the above range, the polymerization initiator may become less stable at room temperature, or the polymerization of the monomer components may start before the temperature in the high-pressure polymerization reactor is raised. If the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is too high outside the above range, the cleavage temperature of the polymerization initiator becomes high, making it necessary to raise the polymerization temperature, which may increase energy costs.
- radical polymerization (1) For polymerization initiators with a 10-hour half-life temperature of 40°C or higher, the explanation in the above section 1-2. Preferred embodiment of radical polymerization (1) may be used.
- the amount of polymerization initiator used may be any appropriate amount as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the amount used is preferably 0.005 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.05 to 15 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the monomer component.
- a chain transfer agent may be used in the radical polymerization to adjust the molecular weight of the low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer.
- the explanation related to the chain transfer agent may be found in the above section 1-2.
- a monomer component, a polymerization initiator, a fluid material that becomes at least one fluid selected from a high-pressure gas fluid, a supercritical fluid, and a subcritical fluid in the high-pressure polymerization reactor during radical polymerization, and a chain transfer agent as necessary are placed in the high-pressure polymerization reactor and radically polymerized to obtain a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer.
- the polymerization initiator may be supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor separately from the monomer component, or may be supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor in the form of a mixture in which it is previously mixed with the monomer component.
- the chain transfer agent may be supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor separately from the monomer component, or may be supplied to the high-pressure polymerization reactor in the form of a mixture in which it is previously mixed with the monomer component.
- the temperature during radical polymerization is preferably T°C or higher, more preferably (T+5)°C or higher, even more preferably (T+10)°C or higher, particularly preferably (T+13)°C or higher, and most preferably (T+15)°C or higher, when the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator is T°C.
- the upper limit of the polymerization temperature for radical polymerization is preferably (T+30)°C or lower, more preferably (T+25)°C or lower, from the viewpoint of safety, etc.
- T+50°C since the polymerization equipment is in a high-pressure environment, there is no problem even at higher temperatures, and since safety is guaranteed, it is possible to carry out the polymerization at or below (T+50°C).
- the pressure during radical polymerization can be set appropriately depending on conditions such as the polymerization temperature.
- a polymerization pressure is preferably 5.73 MPa to 40 MPa, more preferably 7.3 MPa to 30 MPa, and even more preferably 10 MPa to 25 MPa.
- the time during radical polymerization is preferably 30 hours or less, more preferably 20 hours or less, even more preferably 10 hours or less, even more preferably 8 hours or less, even more preferably 6 hours or less, particularly preferably 4 hours or less, and most preferably 2 hours or less.
- the lower limit of the polymerization time is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 5 minutes or more, and even more preferably 10 minutes or more.
- the polymerization pressure and polymerization temperature may be set in several stages, or may be set to change continuously, as necessary.
- the reaction mixture is preferably washed with the fluid used in the radical polymerization to remove residual monomers, polymerization initiators, chain transfer agents, and other residues.
- Monomer components, a polymerization initiator, carbon dioxide as a fluid material, and optionally a chain transfer agent are supplied into a high-pressure polymerization reactor, and radical polymerization is carried out under stirring at a predetermined polymerization pressure and temperature for a predetermined polymerization time to prepare a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer, after which stirring is stopped and the reaction mixture is allowed to stand.
- This causes the reaction mixture to be phase-separated into an upper carbon dioxide layer containing carbon dioxide, and a lower low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer mixed layer containing the low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer and carbon dioxide.
- the upper carbon dioxide layer may contain residual monomers, polymerization initiator, chain transfer agent, etc.
- the upper layer is discharged while supplying carbon dioxide (fresh carbon dioxide) and replaced with carbon dioxide, and then, if necessary, the reaction mixture in the high-pressure polymerization reactor is mixed by stirring and then allowed to stand, causing phase separation into an upper carbon dioxide layer and a lower low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer mixed layer.
- the operation of discharging the upper layer from the reaction vessel while supplying carbon dioxide into the high-pressure polymerization reactor is repeated, and washing can be performed multiple times using carbon dioxide as a diluent, thereby further removing residual monomers, polymerization initiators, chain transfer agents, and other residues from the reaction mixture.
- the pressure when washing the reaction mixture with carbon dioxide may be any appropriate pressure within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- a pressure is preferably from 7 MPa to the pressure during polymerization.
- the exhaust port at the top of the high-pressure vessel was opened, and the inside of the high-pressure vessel was returned to normal pressure while exhausting carbon dioxide.
- This operation of supplying and discharging carbon dioxide was repeated five times to replace the air remaining in the high pressure vessel with carbon dioxide.
- high purity carbon dioxide was supplied (introduced) into the high pressure vessel at 25°C in the same manner as above, and the pressure was temporarily maintained at 7MPa. Thereafter, the external bath electric heater was heated in order to raise the temperature (internal temperature) in the high pressure vessel to 70°C.
- the internal pressure was gradually increased, and when the internal temperature finally reached 80°C (i.e., the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator + 15°C), the internal pressure was adjusted to 25MPa.
- the polymerization was carried out by maintaining this state for 1 hour (i.e., the polymerization time was 1 hour).
- the gas supply port at the bottom of the high-pressure vessel was opened, and then the exhaust port at the top was opened to supply high-purity carbon dioxide while discharging the carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide layer in the high-pressure vessel through the trap.
- the internal pressure was maintained at 25 MPa by a pressure-maintaining valve installed before the gas supply port.
- the gas supply port and exhaust port were closed at the point when the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure vessel was almost replaced (when about 80 mL had been discharged), and the supply and discharge of carbon dioxide were stopped.
- stirring was performed again to mix the high-purity carbon dioxide layer and the carbon dioxide layer containing the methacrylic polymer, and then the stirring was stopped and the mixture was left to stand to allow phase separation, and the operation of supplying and discharging carbon dioxide (replacement operation of carbon dioxide) was performed again.
- Example 2 In Example 1, the internal pressure was increased stepwise by supplying carbon dioxide while increasing the internal temperature, and when the internal temperature finally reached 77°C (i.e., the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator + 12°C), the internal pressure was adjusted to 25 MPa and polymerization was carried out by maintaining this state for 3 hours (i.e., the polymerization time was 3 hours). Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a methacrylic polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 5000. Furthermore, when the remaining components were measured, the monomer component was 1.5% by weight, and ⁇ -thioglycerol was below the detection limit (less than 0.05% by weight). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 In Example 1, the amount of polymerization initiator was changed to 3.5 parts by weight, and the internal pressure was increased stepwise by supplying carbon dioxide while increasing the internal temperature, and when the internal temperature finally reached 110°C (i.e., the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator + 45°C), the internal pressure was adjusted to 25 MPa, and polymerization was carried out by maintaining this state for 3 hours (i.e., the polymerization time was 3 hours). Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a methacrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 6250. Furthermore, when the remaining components were measured, the monomer components were 0.5% by weight, and ⁇ -thioglycerol was below the detection limit (less than 0.05% by weight). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 In Example 1, the internal pressure was increased stepwise by supplying carbon dioxide while increasing the internal temperature, and when the internal temperature finally reached 65° C. (i.e., the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator), the internal pressure was adjusted to 25 MPa, and polymerization was carried out by maintaining this state for 6 hours (i.e., the polymerization time was 6 hours). Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a methacrylic polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 5,100. Furthermore, when the remaining components were measured, the monomer component was 1.8% by weight, and ⁇ -thioglycerol was below the detection limit (less than 0.05% by weight). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 2 The same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out except that the polymerization time was changed to 3 hours, to obtain a methacrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5,400. Furthermore, when the residual components were measured, the monomer component was 10.4% by weight, and ⁇ -thioglycerol was 0.15% by weight. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 3 The same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out except that the polymerization time was set to 1 hour, to obtain a methacrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5,900. Furthermore, when the remaining components were measured, the monomer component was 62.5% by weight, and ⁇ -thioglycerol was 0.63% by weight. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the exhaust port at the top of the high-pressure vessel was opened, and the inside of the high-pressure vessel was returned to normal pressure while discharging carbon dioxide.
- This operation of supplying and discharging carbon dioxide was repeated five times to replace the air remaining in the high pressure vessel with carbon dioxide.
- high purity carbon dioxide was supplied (introduced) into the high pressure vessel at 35°C in the same manner as above, and the pressure was temporarily maintained at 7MPa. Thereafter, the external bath electric heater was heated in order to raise the temperature (internal temperature) in the high pressure vessel to 70°C.
- the internal pressure was gradually increased, and when the internal temperature finally reached 70°C (i.e., the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator + 19°C), the internal pressure was adjusted to 25MPa.
- the polymerization was carried out by maintaining this state for 1 hour (i.e., the polymerization time was 1 hour).
- the gas supply port at the bottom of the high-pressure vessel was opened, and then the exhaust port at the top was opened to supply high-purity carbon dioxide while discharging the carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide layer in the high-pressure vessel through the trap.
- the internal pressure was maintained at 25 MPa by a pressure-maintaining valve installed before the gas supply port.
- the gas supply port and exhaust port were closed at the point when the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure vessel was almost replaced (when about 80 mL had been discharged), and the supply and discharge of carbon dioxide were stopped.
- stirring was performed again to mix the high-purity carbon dioxide layer and the carbon dioxide layer containing the methacrylic polymer, and then the stirring was stopped and the mixture was left to stand to allow phase separation, and the operation of supplying and discharging carbon dioxide (replacement operation of carbon dioxide) was performed again.
- Example 5 In Example 4, the internal pressure was increased stepwise by supplying carbon dioxide while increasing the internal temperature, and when the internal temperature finally reached 65°C (i.e., the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator + 14°C), the internal pressure was adjusted to 25 MPa and polymerization was carried out by maintaining this state for 3 hours (i.e., the polymerization time was 3 hours). Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 4 was carried out to obtain a methacrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5,300. Furthermore, when the remaining components were measured, the monomer component was 0.8% by weight, and ⁇ -thioglycerol was below the detection limit (less than 0.05% by weight). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 The same procedure as in Example 5 was carried out except that the polymerization time was changed to 1 hour, to obtain a methacrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5,300. Furthermore, when the remaining components were measured, the monomer component was 2.3% by weight, and ⁇ -thioglycerol was below the detection limit (less than 0.05% by weight). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 In Example 4, the internal pressure was increased stepwise by supplying carbon dioxide while increasing the internal temperature, and when the internal temperature finally reached 51° C. (i.e., the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator), the internal pressure was adjusted to 25 MPa, and polymerization was carried out by maintaining this state for 3 hours (i.e., the polymerization time was 3 hours). Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 4 was carried out to obtain a methacrylic polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 5,800. Furthermore, when the remaining components were measured, the monomer components were 9.2% by weight, and ⁇ -thioglycerol was below the detection limit (less than 0.05% by weight). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 In Example 4, the internal pressure was increased stepwise by supplying carbon dioxide while increasing the internal temperature, and when the internal temperature finally reached 61° C. (i.e., the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator +10° C.), the internal pressure was adjusted to 25 MPa and polymerization was carried out by maintaining this state for 3 hours (i.e., the polymerization time was 3 hours). Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 4 was carried out to obtain a methacrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5,500. Furthermore, when the remaining components were measured, the monomer component was 4.5% by weight, and ⁇ -thioglycerol was below the detection limit (less than 0.05% by weight). The results are shown in Table 1.
- a low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer can be produced with good productivity without using an organic solvent, and therefore the method can be used for producing an environmentally friendly low molecular weight (meth)acrylic polymer.
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Abstract
Description
(a)前記重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度がT℃のときに、前記ラジカル重合の重合温度を(T+10)℃以上に設定する。
(b)前記重合開始剤として、10時間半減期温度が40℃以上の重合開始剤を用いる。
[2]上記[1]に記載の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法において、上記重合温度を(T+15)℃以上に設定してもよい。
[3]上記[1]または[2]に記載の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法において、上記重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度が55℃以下であってもよい。
[4]上記[1]から[3]までのいずれかに記載の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法において、上記流体が超臨界流体であってもよい。
[5]上記[4]に記載の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法において、上記超臨界流体が、超臨界状態の二酸化炭素であってもよい。
本発明の実施形態による低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法は、重量平均分子量が10万以下の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体を製造する方法である。以下、説明の便宜上、本発明の実施形態による低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法によって得られる重量平均分子量が10万以下の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体を、単に「低分子量(メタ)アクリル系重合体」と称することがある。
単量体成分は、(メタ)アクリル系単量体を含む。(メタ)アクリル系単量体は、1種のみであってもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。
本発明の製造方法におけるラジカル重合の好ましい実施形態(1)は、用いる重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度がT℃のときに、ラジカル重合の重合温度を(T+10)℃以上に設定する実施形態である。
2,2´-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN):10時間半減期温度=65℃
2,2´-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル):10時間半減期温度=51℃
2,2´-アゾビス(2-メチルブチロニトリル):10時間半減期温度=67℃
1,1´-アゾビス(シクロヘキサン-1-カルボニトリル):10時間半減期温度=88℃
2,2´-アゾビス(2,4,4-トリメチルペンタン):10時間半減期温度=110℃
ジメチル-2,2´-アゾビス(2-メチルプロピオネート):10時間半減期温度=66℃
4,4´-アゾビス(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-トリデカフルオロオクチル-4-シアノペンタノエート):10時間半減期温度=66.4℃
2,2´-アゾビス(N-ブチル-2-メチルプロピオンアミド):10時間半減期温度=110℃
ジメチル-1,1´-アゾビス(1-シクロヘキサンカルボキシレート):10時間半減期温度=73℃
本発明の製造方法におけるラジカル重合の別の好ましい実施形態(2)は、重合開始剤として、10時間半減期温度が40℃以上の重合開始剤を用いる実施形態である。
本発明の実施形態による低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法においては、ラジカル重合の後、好ましくは、ラジカル重合において用いた流体を用いて洗浄することにより、残存モノマー、重合開始剤、連鎖移動剤などの残存物を取り除くことができる。
ジシクロペンタニルメタクリレート(商品名「ファンクリルFA-513M」、株式会社レゾナック製)50重量部、メチルメタクリレート(三菱ガス化学社製)50重量部、及び連鎖移動剤として、α-チオグリセロール(東京化成工業株式会社製)2重量部、重合開始剤として商品名「AIBN」(2,2´-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製、10時間半減期温度=65℃)7重量部を、35℃の状態で、ステンレス製高圧容器(内容量:500mL)に投入し、蓋をして撹拌羽根により撹拌しながら、高圧容器の上部のガス供給口を開けて徐々に高純度の二酸化炭素を流し込み、高圧容器内の圧力(内圧)が2MPaになった時点で、一旦その状態を保持した。数秒後、高圧容器の上部の排出口を開けて、二酸化炭素を排出しながら高圧容器内を常圧まで戻した。この二酸化炭素の供給及び排出の操作を5回繰り返して、高圧容器内に残存する空気を二酸化炭素で置換した。この二酸化炭素の置換操作のあと、前記と同様にして、25℃の状態で、高純度の二酸化炭素を高圧容器内に供給(投入)し、一旦7MPaの圧力に保持した。その後、高圧容器内の温度(内部温度)を70℃まで上昇させるため、外浴電気ヒーターを加熱した。内部温度を上昇させながら、二酸化炭素を供給することで、段階的に内圧を上げていき、最終的に内部温度が80℃(すなわち、重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度+15℃)に達した時点で内圧を25MPaに調整した。この状態で、1時間保持して重合を行った(すなわち、重合時間は1時間)。
実施例1において、内部温度を上昇させながら、二酸化炭素を供給することで、段階的に内圧を上げていき、最終的に内部温度が77℃(すなわち、重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度+12℃)に達した時点で内圧を25MPaに調整し、この状態で、3時間保持して重合を行った(すなわち、重合時間は3時間)以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、重量平均分子量が5000のメタクリル系重合体を得た。また、残存成分を測定したところ、モノマー成分が1.5重量%、α-チオグリセロールは検出限界未満(0.05重量%未満)であった。結果を表1に示した。
実施例1において、重合開始剤の量を3.5重量部に変更し、内部温度を上昇させながら、二酸化炭素を供給することで、段階的に内圧を上げていき、最終的に内部温度110℃(すなわち、重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度+45℃)に達した時点で内圧を25MPaに調整し、この状態で、3時間保持して重合を行った(すなわち、重合時間は3時間)以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、重量平均分子量が6250のメタクリル系重合体を得た。また、残存成分を測定したところ、モノマー成分が0.5重量%、α-チオグリセロールは検出限界未満(0.05重量%未満)であった。結果を表1に示した。
実施例1において、内部温度を上昇させながら、二酸化炭素を供給することで、段階的に内圧を上げていき、最終的に内部温度が65℃(すなわち、重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度)に達した時点で内圧を25MPaに調整し、この状態で、6時間保持して重合を行った(すなわち、重合時間は6時間)以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、重量平均分子量が5100のメタクリル系重合体を得た。また、残存成分を測定したところ、モノマー成分が1.8重量%、α-チオグリセロールは検出限界未満(0.05重量%未満)であった。結果を表1に示した。
重合時間を3時間とした以外は、比較例1と同様に行い、重量平均分子量が5400のメタクリル系重合体を得た。また、残存成分を測定したところ、モノマー成分が10.4重量%、α-チオグリセロールは0.15重量%であった。結果を表1に示した。
重合時間を1時間とした以外は、比較例1と同様に行い、重量平均分子量が5900のメタクリル系重合体を得た。また、残存成分を測定したところ、モノマー成分が62.5重量%、α-チオグリセロールは0.63重量%であった。結果を表1に示した。
ジシクロペンタニルメタクリレート(商品名「ファンクリルFA-513M」、株式会社レゾナック製)50重量部、メチルメタクリレート(三菱ガス化学社製)50重量部、及び連鎖移動剤として、α-チオグリセロール(東京化成工業株式会社製)2重量部、重合開始剤として商品名「V65」(2,2´-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製、10時間半減期温度=51℃):7重量部を、25℃の状態で、ステンレス製高圧容器(内容量:500mL)に投入し、蓋をして撹拌羽根により撹拌しながら、高圧容器の上部のガス供給口を開けて徐々に高純度の二酸化炭素を流し込み、高圧容器内の圧力(内圧)が2MPaになった時点で、一旦その状態を保持した。数秒後、高圧容器の上部の排出口を開けて、二酸化炭素を排出しながら高圧容器内を常圧まで戻した。この二酸化炭素の供給及び排出の操作を5回繰り返して、高圧容器内に残存する空気を二酸化炭素で置換した。この二酸化炭素の置換操作のあと、前記と同様にして、35℃の状態で、高純度の二酸化炭素を高圧容器内に供給(投入)し、一旦7MPaの圧力に保持した。その後、高圧容器内の温度(内部温度)を70℃まで上昇させるため、外浴電気ヒーターを加熱した。内部温度を上昇させながら、二酸化炭素を供給することで、段階的に内圧を上げていき、最終的に内部温度が70℃(すなわち、重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度+19℃)に達した時点で内圧を25MPaに調整した。この状態で、1時間保持して重合を行った(すなわち、重合時間は1時間)。
実施例4において、内部温度を上昇させながら、二酸化炭素を供給することで、段階的に内圧を上げていき、最終的に内部温度65℃(すなわち、重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度+14℃)に達した時点で内圧を25MPaに調整し、この状態で、3時間保持して重合を行った(すなわち、重合時間は3時間)以外は、実施例4と同様に行い、重量平均分子量が5300のメタクリル系重合体を得た。また、残存成分を測定したところ、モノマー成分が0.8重量%、α-チオグリセロールは検出限界未満(0.05重量%未満)であった。結果を表1に示した。
重合時間を1時間とした以外は、実施例5と同様に行い、重量平均分子量が5300のメタクリル系重合体を得た。また、残存成分を測定したところ、モノマー成分が2.3重量%、α-チオグリセロールは検出限界未満(0.05重量%未満)であった。結果を表1に示した。
実施例4において、内部温度を上昇させながら、二酸化炭素を供給することで、段階的に内圧を上げていき、最終的に内部温度51℃(すなわち、重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度)に達した時点で内圧を25MPaに調整し、この状態で、3時間保持して重合を行った(すなわち、重合時間は3時間)以外は、実施例4と同様に行い、重量平均分子量が5800のメタクリル系重合体を得た。また、残存成分を測定したところ、モノマー成分が9.2重量%、α-チオグリセロールは検出限界未満(0.05重量%未満)であった。結果を表1に示した。
実施例4において、内部温度を上昇させながら、二酸化炭素を供給することで、段階的に内圧を上げていき、最終的に内部温度が61℃(すなわち、重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度+10℃)に達した時点で内圧を25MPaに調整し、この状態で、3時間保持して重合を行った(すなわち、重合時間は3時間)以外は、実施例4と同様に行い、重量平均分子量が5500のメタクリル系重合体を得た。また、残存成分を測定したところ、モノマー成分が4.5重量%、α-チオグリセロールは検出限界未満(0.05重量%未満)であった。結果を表1に示した。
ジシクロペンタニルメタクリレート(商品名「ファンクリルFA-513M」、株式会社レゾナック製)50重量部、メチルメタクリレート(三菱ガス化学社製)50重量部、及び連鎖移動剤として、α-チオグリセロール(東京化成工業株式会社製)2重量部、重合開始剤として商品名「V70」(2,2´-アゾビス(4-メトキシ-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製、10時間半減期温度=30℃):7重量部を、25℃の状態で、ステンレス製高圧容器(内容量:500mL)に投入し、蓋をして撹拌羽根により撹拌しながら、高圧容器の上部のガス供給口を開けて徐々に高純度の二酸化炭素を流し込み、高圧容器内の圧力(内圧)が2MPaになった時点で、一旦その状態を保持した。数秒後、高圧容器の上部の排出口を開けて、二酸化炭素を排出しながら高圧容器内を常圧まで戻した。この二酸化炭素の供給及び排出の操作を5回繰り返して、高圧容器内に残存する空気を二酸化炭素で置換した。この二酸化炭素の置換操作のあと、前記と同様にして、25℃の状態で、高純度の二酸化炭素を高圧容器内に供給(投入)し、7MPaの圧力に保持しようと昇温していったところ、昇温途中で重合が開始してしまい、十分な流動性が得られず、撹拌不能となった。
Claims (5)
- 重量平均分子量が10万以下の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体を製造する方法であって、
高圧ガス流体、超臨界流体、および亜臨界流体から選ばれる少なくとも1種の流体の存在下で、
(メタ)アクリル系単量体を含む単量体成分を、重合開始剤を用いてラジカル重合させ、
下記の(a)および(b)から選ばれる少なくとも1つを行う、
低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法。
(a)前記重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度がT℃のときに、前記ラジカル重合の重合温度を(T+10)℃以上に設定する。
(b)前記重合開始剤として、10時間半減期温度が40℃以上の重合開始剤を用いる。 - 前記重合温度を(T+15)℃以上に設定する、請求項1に記載の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法。
- 前記重合開始剤の10時間半減期温度が55℃以下である、請求項1に記載の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法。
- 前記流体が超臨界流体である、請求項1に記載の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法。
- 前記超臨界流体が、超臨界状態の二酸化炭素である、請求項4に記載の低分子量の(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005263937A (ja) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-29 | Nitto Denko Corp | アクリル系重合体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2010091661A (ja) * | 2008-10-06 | 2010-04-22 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 着色粒子及びその製造方法、並びにトナー、現像剤、プロセスカートリッジ、画像形成装置、及び画像形成方法 |
| JP2015143346A (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-08-06 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 変性ブタジエン(共)重合体、反応性ブタジエン(共)重合体及び変性ブタジエン(共)重合体の製造方法 |
| WO2021075265A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-17 | 2021-04-22 | ナミックス株式会社 | 電磁波シールド用ペースト |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005263937A (ja) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-29 | Nitto Denko Corp | アクリル系重合体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2010091661A (ja) * | 2008-10-06 | 2010-04-22 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 着色粒子及びその製造方法、並びにトナー、現像剤、プロセスカートリッジ、画像形成装置、及び画像形成方法 |
| JP2015143346A (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-08-06 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 変性ブタジエン(共)重合体、反応性ブタジエン(共)重合体及び変性ブタジエン(共)重合体の製造方法 |
| WO2021075265A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-17 | 2021-04-22 | ナミックス株式会社 | 電磁波シールド用ペースト |
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| CN120882758A (zh) | 2025-10-31 |
| KR20250157511A (ko) | 2025-11-04 |
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