WO2024108878A1 - 一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法 - Google Patents

一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法 Download PDF

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WO2024108878A1
WO2024108878A1 PCT/CN2023/088668 CN2023088668W WO2024108878A1 WO 2024108878 A1 WO2024108878 A1 WO 2024108878A1 CN 2023088668 W CN2023088668 W CN 2023088668W WO 2024108878 A1 WO2024108878 A1 WO 2024108878A1
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dephosphorization
desiliconization
powder
ladle
hot metal
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PCT/CN2023/088668
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙彩娇
洪陆阔
艾立群
周美洁
佟帅
张申
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华北理工大学
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Publication of WO2024108878A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024108878A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
    • B22D1/005—Injection assemblies therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/14—Discharging devices, e.g. for slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/04—Removing impurities other than carbon, phosphorus or sulfur
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of iron and steel metallurgy, and in particular to a method for pre-desiliconization and dephosphorization in a blast furnace iron-tapping process and a transportation process.
  • silicon should be removed to a lower level, that is, the slag should maintain a high oxidation capacity. Otherwise, when the temperature rises, the silicon content will be higher than the equilibrium value and a rephosphorization reaction will occur, affecting the dephosphorization effect.
  • the present invention aims to add converter dephosphorization slag to sintering raw materials to achieve on-site recycling of converter slag, ensure smooth and stable production, solve the problem of high phosphorus content in molten iron, reduce the burden of converter smelting, and provide a mobile molten iron desiliconization and dephosphorization method.
  • Step 1 Place the desiliconization task in front of the iron ditch and the iron ladle, insert a stirring head into the iron ditch, the top of the stirring head is provided with a powder inlet, and the stirring blades at the bottom of the stirring head are provided with a powder outlet.
  • a powder channel is connected between the powder inlet and the powder outlet inside the stirring head, and the desiliconization agent is sprayed into the iron ditch through the channel for continuous desiliconization; then the iron ladle is slag-scraped to remove the desiliconization slag;
  • the desiliconizing agent sprayed in step 1 is fluidized by a transmitter and transported to the iron water ditch with Ar+ O2 as a carrier for spraying and desiliconization.
  • the speed of the stirring blade is 30-40r/min
  • the desiliconizing agent is dust removal ash
  • the dust removal ash spraying rate is 7-15kg/min.
  • the bottom blowing system is arranged on the ladle transport vehicle, the bottom of the ladle is connected to the dephosphorization powder silo, argon tank, and air pump through a high temperature resistant hose, the dephosphorization powder silo, argon tank, and air pump are arranged at the rear of the ladle transport vehicle, and the dephosphorization agent sprayed at the bottom of the ladle is driven by the air pump to blow argon gas to drive the dephosphorization powder in the dephosphorization powder silo to the ladle for bottom spraying.
  • the bottom spraying adopts a powder spraying element installed at the bottom of the ladle: a slit-type air-permeable brick or a straight-through air-permeable brick to spray the powder.
  • the dephosphorization agent is sprayed into the molten iron from the bottom blowing system using inert gas as a carrier.
  • the carrier gas plays the role of stirring the molten iron, and at the same time promotes the full mixing of gas, dephosphorization agent and molten iron for dephosphorization.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the desiliconization process of the blast furnace iron ditch
  • Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a stirring head device
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mobile pre-dephosphorized hot metal tank transport vehicle
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a slit-type air-permeable brick
  • molten iron flows from the blast furnace into the iron ditch for desiliconization treatment, and after the molten iron flowing into the iron ladle is fully reacted, a slag scraper is used to remove the desiliconization slag.
  • Dephosphorization treatment is carried out during the transportation of the iron ladle to the converter workshop, and then a slag scraper is used to remove the dephosphorization slag, and finally it is dragged into the converter workshop with a trolley.
  • a mobile hot metal desiliconization and dephosphorization method comprises two steps. Step 1: placing the desiliconization task in front of the hot metal ditch and the hot metal ladle, inserting a stirring head into the hot metal ditch, the top of the stirring head is provided with a powder inlet 3, and the stirring blades 4 at the bottom of the stirring head are provided with a powder outlet 6, and a powder channel 7 is connected between the powder inlet and the powder outlet inside the stirring head, and a desiliconization agent is sprayed into the hot metal ditch through the channel for continuous desiliconization; then the hot metal ladle is slag-scraped to remove the desiliconization slag;
  • the desiliconizing agent is fluidized by the transmitter and transported to the iron ditch with Ar+ O2 as the carrier for desiliconization.
  • the speed of the stirring blade is 30-40r/min.
  • the desiliconizing agent is dust ash (desiliconization requires an oxidizing substance, with Ar+ O2 as the carrier gas, and the dust ash is blown in.
  • the dust ash contains oxides and can play a role in desiliconization).
  • the dust ash spraying rate is 7-15kg/min.
  • the molten iron is separated from the blast furnace slag by a slag baffle, and the molten iron flows into the desiliconized iron water channel.
  • the stirring head is inserted into the iron water channel, and the desiliconizing agent is sprayed out through the powder outlet on the same side of the stirring head.
  • the stirring head combines the spraying method and the mechanical stirring method for desiliconization, which increases the desiliconization speed. Secondly, it also greatly saves the use of desiliconizing agent and reduces production costs, creating conditions for dephosphorization of molten iron.
  • Step 2 As shown in Figure 3-5, the dephosphorization task is pre-placed in the process of ladle transportation. Inert gas is used as a carrier during the transportation of the ladle to the converter workshop. During the transportation process, the bottom blowing system sprays dephosphorization agent into the ladle for continuous dephosphorization.
  • the mobile pre-dephosphorization hot metal tank transport vehicle is towed by the locomotive.
  • the ladle is placed in the middle of the trolley.
  • the argon tank and air pump are placed at the right end of the trolley near the locomotive.
  • the bottom blowing system is set on the ladle transport vehicle. The bottom of the ladle is connected to the dephosphorization powder silo, argon tank, and air pump through a high-temperature resistant hose.
  • the dephosphorization powder silo, argon tank, and air pump are set at the rear of the ladle transport vehicle.
  • the dephosphorization agent sprayed at the bottom of the ladle is driven by the air pump to blow argon gas to drive the dephosphorization powder in the dephosphorization powder silo to the ladle for bottom spraying.
  • the flow rate of argon blowing is about 100L/min.
  • the bottom injection adopts the powder injection element installed at the bottom of the ladle: slit-type air-permeable brick or straight-through air-permeable brick to spray powder. It changes the traditional refining method of adding metallurgical materials in blocks or batches. Under the stirring effect of gas kinetic energy on molten steel, the powder and molten steel are strongly stirred, and the contact surface between the powder and the molten steel is increased in many ways, which greatly improves the kinetic conditions of the powder dephosphorization reaction. Since the powder is directly sprayed into the molten iron from the bottom and does not contact the atmosphere, the problem of adding easily oxidized and high vapor pressure elements is solved. While reducing the burning loss, the purpose of rapid dephosphorization is achieved, the refining time is shortened, and the dephosphorization efficiency is improved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法，包括以下步骤：步骤一：将脱硅任务前置于铁水沟及铁水包内，铁水沟内插入搅拌头，所述搅拌头的顶部设有粉剂入口（3），搅拌头下部的搅拌叶片（4）上设有粉剂出口（6），搅拌头内部粉剂入口（3）与粉剂出口（6）之间贯通粉剂通道（7），由此通道向铁水沟内喷入氧气或除尘灰连续脱硅；之后铁水包经扒渣去除脱硅渣；步骤二：将脱磷任务前置到铁水包运输过程中，铁水包运输至转炉车间的过程中利用惰性气体做载体，在运输过程中底吹系统向铁水包内喷入脱磷剂进行连续脱磷。将脱硅任务前置铁水沟及铁水包内，将部分脱磷任务前置到铁水包运输过程中，使生产流程更加紧凑，节约冶炼时间，降低转炉冶炼负担。

Description

一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法 技术领域
本发明涉及钢铁冶金技术领域，尤其涉及一种高炉出铁过程及运输过程预脱硅脱磷方法。
 背景技术
转炉脱磷渣是在炼钢过程中为了去除钢液中的杂质而产生的一种含有大量铁、钙、硅等氧化物和磷资源的副产品，具有重要的回收利用价值，因此如何实现转炉含磷钢渣的高效循环利用是目前各钢铁企业研究的热点问题之一。
为了解决转炉渣厂内循环利用磷富集问题，国内外大多钢铁企业采用铁水预脱磷工艺降低转炉的入炉铁水磷含量，试图为转炉脱磷渣返回烧结系统循环利用创造条件。例如某钢厂引进了在鱼雷车中进行脱硅、脱磷、脱硫处理的工艺，试生产中发现的问题比较多，主要有温降较大、吹氧补偿温降时喷溅又特别严重、鱼雷车的铁水装入量少、处理时间长而影响生产顺行等，应用情况不理想。
1982年9月，日本新日铁君津厂开发和使用了石灰系熔剂精炼的最佳精炼工艺(ORP)，其工艺过程简述如下:在高炉出铁沟加入铁鳞进行脱硅处理后,铁水流入鱼雷车内并与其中的脱磷渣混合,在渣与铁分离后进行扒渣,然后向鱼雷车中喷入石灰系熔剂进行脱磷脱硫处理,最后铁水加入转炉后进行脱碳升温。采用这种工艺，处理前铁水温度为1350℃,处理时间为25min。采用这种方法由于脱磷过程中的温降较大，通常需要吹氧来补偿温降，如采用氧气喷吹脱磷剂的工艺。
 技术问题
预脱硅时要将硅脱到一个较低水平，即渣要保持较高的氧化能力，否则当温度升高时，硅含量高于平衡值发生回磷反应，影响脱磷效果。
 解决方案
鉴于上述的分析，本发明旨在将转炉脱磷渣配入烧结原料实现转炉渣的场内循环利用，并保证生产顺行稳定，解决铁水磷偏高问题，降低转炉冶炼负担，提供一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法。
本发明的技术方案采用以下步骤：一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法，包括
步骤一：将脱硅任务前置于铁水沟及铁水包内，铁水沟内插入搅拌头，所述搅拌头的顶部设有粉剂入口，搅拌头下部的搅拌叶片上设有粉剂出口，搅拌头内部粉剂入口与粉剂出口之间贯通粉剂通道，由此通道向铁水沟内喷入脱硅剂连续脱硅；之后铁水包经扒渣去除脱硅渣；
步骤二：将脱磷任务前置到铁水包运输过程中，铁水包运输至转炉车间的过程中利用惰性气体做载体，在运输过程中底吹系统向铁水包内喷入脱磷剂进行连续脱磷。
进一步的，步骤一中喷吹的脱硅剂是通过发送器流化后，以Ar+O 2为载体输送到铁水沟进行喷吹脱硅，搅拌叶片转速为30-40r/min，脱硅剂为除尘灰，除尘灰喷吹速率为7-15kg/min。
进一步的，步骤二中底吹系统设置在铁水包运输车上，铁水包底部通过耐高温软管与脱磷粉剂料仓、氩气罐、气泵相连接，脱磷粉剂料仓、氩气罐、气泵设置于铁水包运输车车尾，铁水包底部喷吹的脱磷剂由气泵助吹氩气带动脱磷粉剂料仓内的脱磷粉剂到铁水包进行底部喷吹。所述底部喷吹是采用安装在铁水包底部的喷粉元件：狭缝型透气砖或直通型透气砖进行喷吹粉剂。
 有益效果
发明有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明免去了铁水预处理工序，将脱硅任务前置铁水沟及铁水包内，将部分脱磷任务前置到铁水包运输过程中，使生产流程更加紧凑，节约冶炼时间，降低转炉冶炼负担。搅拌头将喷吹法和机械搅拌法结合用于脱硅，使脱硅速度得到提升，其次也大大节省脱硅剂使用量降低生产成本，为铁水脱磷创造条件，通过铁水运输过程中铁水包内底吹预脱磷的设计利用惰性气体做载体将脱磷剂由底吹系统喷入铁水，载气起到搅拌铁水的作用，同时促进气体、脱磷剂与铁水三者充分混合进行脱磷。
 附图说明
图1为高炉铁水沟脱硅流程示意图；
图2为搅拌头装置结构图；
图3为移动式预脱磷铁水罐运输车示意图；
图4为铁水包脱磷底吹装置示意图；
图5为狭缝式透气砖示意图；
图中：1、砖体；2、搅拌轴；3、粉剂入口；4、搅拌叶片；5、狭缝；6粉剂出口；7、粉剂通道。
 实施方式
本发明整体工艺流程，铁水从高炉流入铁水沟中进行脱硅处理，待流入铁水包中铁水充分反应后，使用扒渣机扒除脱硅渣。脱磷处理在铁水包运输至转炉车间的过程中进行，之后使用扒渣机除去脱磷渣，最后随小车拖动进入转炉车间。
实施例1
一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法包括两步，步骤一：将脱硅任务前置于铁水沟及铁水包内，铁水沟内插入搅拌头，所述搅拌头的顶部设有粉剂入口3，搅拌头下部的搅拌叶片4上设有粉剂出口6，搅拌头内部粉剂入口与粉剂出口之间贯通粉剂通道7，由此通道向铁水沟内喷入脱硅剂连续脱硅；之后铁水包经扒渣去除脱硅渣；
喷吹的脱硅剂是通过发送器流化后，以Ar+O 2为载体输送到铁水沟进行喷吹脱硅，搅拌叶片转速为30-40r/min，脱硅剂为除尘灰（脱硅需要用氧化性的物质，以Ar+O 2为载气，吹入除尘灰，除尘灰里面都是氧化物，能起到脱硅的作用），除尘灰喷吹速率为7-15kg/min。
如图1，图2所示，具体操作时用挡渣板把铁水与高炉炉渣分隔开来，铁水流入脱硅铁水沟中。将搅拌头插入铁水沟内，通过搅拌头同侧的粉剂出口喷出脱硅剂。搅拌头将喷吹法和机械搅拌法结合用于脱硅，使脱硅速度得到提升，其次也大大节省脱硅剂使用量降低生产成本，为铁水脱磷创造条件。
步骤二：如图3-5所示将脱磷任务前置到铁水包运输过程中，铁水包运输至转炉车间的过程中利用惰性气体做载体，在运输过程中底吹系统向铁水包内喷入脱磷剂进行连续脱磷。移动式预脱磷铁水罐运输车由火车头拖动，铁水包放置于小车中间，氩气罐和气泵放置于小车右端靠近火车头部分。底吹系统设置在铁水包运输车上，铁水包底部通过耐高温软管与脱磷粉剂料仓、氩气罐、气泵相连接，脱磷粉剂料仓、氩气罐、气泵设置于铁水包运输车车尾，铁水包底部喷吹的脱磷剂由气泵助吹氩气带动脱磷粉剂料仓内的脱磷粉剂到铁水包进行底部喷吹。吹氩的流量在100L/min左右。
所述底部喷吹是采用安装在铁水包底部的喷粉元件：狭缝式透气砖或直通型透气砖进行喷吹粉剂。它改变了传统精炼以块状、批料加入冶金物料，在气体动能对钢液的搅拌作用下，使粉剂和钢液产生强烈的搅拌，千百计增大粉剂与钢液的接触面，极大的改善粉剂脱磷反应的动力学条件。由于粉剂直接从底部喷入铁水液，不与大气接触，解决了易氧化和高蒸汽压元素的加入问题。在减少烧损同时达到快速脱磷等的目的并且缩短精炼时间，提高脱磷效率。
以上所述仅是本发明的具体实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：将脱硅任务前置于铁水沟及铁水包内，铁水沟内插入搅拌头，所述搅拌头的顶部设有粉剂入口（3），搅拌头下部的搅拌叶片（4）上设有粉剂出口（6），搅拌头内部粉剂入口与粉剂出口之间贯通粉剂通道（7），由此通道向铁水沟内喷入脱硅剂连续脱硅；之后铁水包经扒渣去除脱硅渣；
    步骤二：将脱磷任务前置到铁水包运输过程中，铁水包运输至转炉车间的过程中利用惰性气体做载体，在运输过程中底吹系统向铁水包内喷入脱磷剂进行连续脱磷。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法，其特征在于，步骤一中喷吹的脱硅剂是通过发送器流化后，以Ar+O 2为载体输送到铁水沟进行喷吹脱硅，搅拌叶片转速为30-40r/min，脱硅剂为除尘灰，除尘灰喷吹速率为7-15kg/min。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法，其特征在于，步骤二中底吹系统设置在铁水包运输车上，铁水包底部通过耐高温软管与脱磷粉剂料仓、氩气罐及气泵相连接，脱磷粉剂料仓、氩气罐及气泵设置于铁水包运输车车尾，铁水包底部喷吹的脱磷剂由气泵助吹氩气带动脱磷粉剂料仓内的脱磷粉剂到铁水包进行底部喷吹。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法，其特征在于，所述底部喷吹是采用安装在铁水包底部的喷粉元件：狭缝型透气砖或直通型透气砖进行喷吹粉剂。
PCT/CN2023/088668 2022-11-23 2023-04-17 一种移动式铁水脱硅脱磷方法 WO2024108878A1 (zh)

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