WO2024105155A1

WO2024105155A1 - Thermal insulation of a facade or wall of a building by using a fabric acting as a formwork for receiving a loose thermal insulator

Info

Publication number: WO2024105155A1
Application number: PCT/EP2023/082039
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert-Jan VAN SANTEN
Original assignee: VS-A Design Limited
Priority date: 2022-11-16
Filing date: 2023-11-16
Publication date: 2024-05-23

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for thermal insulation of a wall (PM) of a building (BA) from the outside, comprising the following steps: - deploying (S1) a first fabric (10) over all or part of the surface of the wall (PM) of the building (BA) at a distance (d) from the wall (PM) so as to form a formwork (11) between the wall (PM) and an inner face (10a) of the fabric (10) facing the wall (PM); and - filling (S3) it with a thermal insulator (20) in order to at least partly fill the internal volume (V) defined by the formwork (11) so as to thermally insulate the building (BA).

Description

Title: thermal insulation of a facade or wall of a building by using a canvas acting as formwork to receive bulk thermal insulation

Technical area

The present invention relates to the field of thermal insulation of buildings, and more particularly to the field of energy rehabilitation and renovation.

One of the objects of the present invention relates to a method of thermal insulation of a building, preferably the insulation of a facade (or in the broad sense of a wall wall) of a building from the outside, putting use a canvas (such as a textile canvas) acting as formwork.

The present invention will find numerous advantageous applications for the energy renovation of any building with facades preferably comprising windows, one or more doors and/or solid parts.

It will be understood that the present invention will find advantageous applications for the energy renovation of buildings such as residential buildings, buildings belonging to the community (town halls, hospitals, etc.), warehouses, buildings for professional use (offices, etc.). ), places open to the public such as cinemas or others, etc. It will be understood that the present invention will find other advantageous applications, particularly for new buildings.

Such buildings can be made with traditional construction processes (masonry), wood frame, modular or others.

The present invention can also be applied to interior walls for architectural treatment and/or acoustic correction.

Prior art

The challenges around reducing energy consumption have become major. This is all the more true in the current context of geopolitical crisis where energy prices (gas, electricity, gasoline, etc.) have increased considerably.

The building world is therefore no exception to the rule and must reinvent itself to find innovative solutions that are energy efficient while remaining environmentally friendly. Today there are many thermal insulation solutions for new buildings, that is to say buildings which are under construction and are built entirely from the foundations to the finishes.

On the other hand, issues related to the thermal insulation of existing buildings in the context of rehabilitation have long been neglected.

We also talk about energy renovation.

To date, there are few innovative solutions for the energy renovation of buildings that are satisfactory and meet all of the building constraints.

Indeed, generally, buildings often have different characteristics depending on their period of construction and include varied architectural details that may have projections.

However, the solutions known to date are often complex to implement, compromise the architectural qualities/characteristics of existing buildings and do not adapt well to their specificities.

They are also most often cumbersome to deploy and, at the same time, expensive. For these reasons, energy renovation projects are often abandoned by the owner(s) who do not perceive the interest and/or profitability of such work in the face of the quotes presented for this type of approach.

Summary of the present invention

The present invention aims to improve the situation described above.

The present invention aims in particular to remedy at least one of the various technical problems mentioned above by proposing a thermal insulation solution that is simple to implement, inexpensive, efficient in terms of energy while being respectful of the environment. environment.

According to a first aspect, the object of the present invention relates to a process for thermal insulation (preferably from the outside) of a wall of a building comprising the following steps:

- a deployment of a first canvas over all or part of the surface of said wall wall of the building at a distance from said wall wall so as to form a formwork between said wall wall and an internal face of said canvas facing said wall wall-mounted;

- filling with a thermal insulator to at least partially fill the internal volume defined by said formwork in order to thermally insulate said building. Thus, thanks to the combination of these technical steps, characteristic of the present invention, it is possible to easily create formwork using the canvas which makes it possible to form a filling volume between the canvas and the wall wall.

Such a volume allows easy filling of thermal insulation to ensure the insulation of the building.

Using such a first canvas to create formwork makes it easy to insulate any type of building, whether from the outside or the inside.

It should also be noted that the canvas and the bulk thermal insulation together create an acoustically absorbent surface making it possible to significantly reduce the reverberation of acoustic noise such as surrounding airborne noise and/or urban noise.

In addition to effectively insulating a building as part of a renovation, this implementation of the canvas acting as formwork also improves the acoustic comfort of the public space.

In an advantageous embodiment, the fabric is a textile fabric.

In another advantageous embodiment, the fabric is a metal fabric, for example a fabric comprising a metal mesh.

Such a metal mesh can for example be made of galvanized steel or stainless steel.

Advantageously, the method according to the present invention comprises a second deployment of a second canvas in front of the first canvas.

Advantageously, the thermal insulation is a rot-proof material. The use of such a material is appreciated for its stability properties in the face of an often humid outdoor environment.

Advantageously, said thermal insulator is antifungal, or has undergone an antifungal treatment.

The use of such a material prevents the proliferation of fungi and mold which could affect the solidity of the building.

Advantageously, the thermal insulation is made of a flame-retardant material.

Preferably, such a fire-retardant material is configured to achieve fire performance such as a regulatory fire classification required for the type of construction on which the process is applied. The use of such a material is desirable to avoid/limit the risk of fire. Advantageously, the thermal insulation is a bulk material which is able to be put in place by gravity pouring, blown or insufflated.

The use of such bulk material allows for simple storage and easy filling.

Preferably, said thermal insulator is a biosourced material.

Advantageously, said thermal insulator comprises at least one of the following materials: graphitized polystyrene beads, polystyrene beads, expanded cork, ecographite, wood fibers, expanded clay beads, hemp straw, cellulose wadding, sheep wool , recycled plastic balls/pellets.

We understand here that, by thermal insulation, we mean by extension any product having thermal insulation properties which can be implemented by gravity pouring or by blowing.

The tests carried out on these materials are satisfied. They make it possible to satisfy all of the above criteria.

Advantageously, said first and/or second fabrics (textiles or metal) comprise a plurality of perforations which, preferably, are distributed homogeneously over the entire surface thereof (that is to say at regular intervals).

Such perforations allow the canvas to breathe, allow humidity to migrate to the outside and avoid any lasting condensation in the insulating complex.

Preferably, these are microperforations.

Advantageously, said first and/or second canvases have dimensions substantially similar to those of the wall of said building. It is thus possible to cover the entire surface of the wall wall.

Advantageously, the first fabric comprises at least one first opening in the upper part and in which the filling of the internal volume with the thermal insulation is carried out through this first opening.

Filling is done, for example, by gravity pouring of the thermal insulation. We can also plan to blow or blow the thermal insulation into the filling volume through this first opening.

Advantageously, the first and/or second fabrics (for example textiles) are made of a material resistant to ultraviolet (UV) rays.

Alternatively, said first and/or second fabrics (for example textiles) have undergone an anti-UV treatment.

Preferably, said first and/or second fabrics (for example textiles) are made of a waterproof material which is capable of resisting bad weather. Advantageously, the first fabric comprises in the lower part at least one second opening to allow gravity draining of said formwork of the thermal insulation through said second opening.

Such draining is advantageous for replacing the thermal insulation if necessary, for example.

Advantageously, the deployment of the first and/or second fabrics comprises maintaining said first and/or second fabrics relative to the wall wall by pinching or any other holding device, by screwing or clipping.

Advantageously, the whole or part can be easily dismantled and then reassembled to replace a faulty component.

Advantageously, the splaying of the joinery, the peripheral or intermediate frames will be support points or lines to stabilize the canvas, in the current part and/or on the edge. Advantageously, the profiles supporting the doors and windows have an added or integrated flare, the exterior part of which forms a support for the canvas.

Advantageously, the first canvas is pretensioned or put in tension by the pressure exerted by the thermal insulator on the canvas.

Advantageously, the method comprises a preliminary step of printing an external face of said first and/or second canvases.

In an advantageous embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises a deployment of a second canvas which is placed in front of the first canvas to cover the latter and have a perfectly flat surface (the first canvas being slightly deformed by the pressure exerted by the thermal insulation in the formwork volume). Advantageously, the second canvas can also include a preliminary step of printing an external face of said second canvas.

Advantageously, the first or the second canvas, here the visible canvas (that is to say the first canvas when there is only one and the second canvas when there are two) can serve as support for messages of an informative or advertising nature, allowing for example the owner to receive remuneration. It should be noted that such remuneration can cover at least part of the cost of the intervention relating to the energy renovation of the building. Thus, through its various functional and structural technical characteristics described above, we have a lightweight and easy-to-implement thermal insulation solution that can be adapted to any type of building for efficient energy renovation; such a solution should also not require any structural reinforcement of the facade or the existing building or any specific ground foundation. Description of the attached figures

Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description below, with reference to the appended Figures 1 to 13 which illustrate an exemplary embodiment devoid of any limiting character and in which:

[Fig.l]

Figure 1 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention;

[Fig.2]

Figure 2 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which additional joinery is affixed;

[Fig.3]

Figure 3 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which additional joinery is affixed;

[Fig.4]

Figure 4 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which rails are positioned to hold a first canvas in position. ;

[Fig.5]

Figure 5 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which a first canvas is deployed;

[Fig.6]

Figure 6 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which the first canvas is pulled to form the formwork;

[Fig.7]

Figure 7 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which the first canvas is cut at the level of the openings; [Fig.8]

Figure 8 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and which includes a step of filling with thermal insulation;

[Fig.9]

Figure 9 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which has been the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention;

[Fig.10]

Figure 10 schematically represents a sectional view of a facade of a building after energy renovation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[Fig. H]

Figure 11 schematically represents a perspective view of several facades in series having been the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and which presents a first canvas having undergone printing;

[Fig.12]

Figure 12 schematically represents an exploded view of means configured for holding the first canvas in position.

[Fig.13]

Figure 13 represents a flowchart of the different stages of the thermal insulation process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for the energy renovation of a building;

[Fig.14]

Figure 14 schematically represents a sectional view of a facade of a building after energy renovation according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The thermal insulation of a facade of a building according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will now be described in what follows with reference jointly to Figures 1 to 14.

As indicated in the preamble, the present invention relates to a thermal insulation solution for a PM facade of a BA building which is simple to implement, inexpensive, which adapts to the architectural specificities of the building and which is respectful of the environment. These different objectives are achieved by the present invention which is described below according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

The example described here relates to the thermal insulation of a PM facade of a BA building from the outside, also known by the acronym ITE for Exterior Thermal Insulation. Those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can also be applied for thermal insulation from the inside.

In this example, the PM facade of the BA building typically includes several ME joinery elements such as an entrance door and windows (figure 1).

In this example and as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, we first plan to arrange the ME joinery by installing during a step S0 a frame 30 around each of these ME joinery.

In the example described here, such a frame 30 is supported on the splay of the ME joinery and projects relative to the vertical plane formed by the PM facade. It should preferably be noted that as illustrated in Figure 10, this frame 30 is configured so as to favor the arrival of light inside the BA building. In this example, we plan to have a frame with panels inclined at 45° to optimize the arrival of the sun's rays inside the building (via the windows) and not obstruct the view of the outside.

Preferably, this frame 30 (prefabricated bay blocks and frames) are made of aluminum alloy.

The concept underlying the present invention is to deploy a first canvas 10 in front of the facade PM at a sufficient distance d from it to form a formwork 11. Such a formwork 11 is characteristic of the present invention.

In the example described here, we plan to deploy a textile fabric 10.

It will be noted here that this is an example of an embodiment and that the Applicant alternatively provides for the deployment of a metal screen made of metal mesh such as for example a screen made of galvanized steel or stainless steel. Such a metal mesh would provide good mechanical strength for the formwork.

For the deployment of such a first fabric 10 (textile or metal), position holding means 40 are placed in the upper part and in the lower part of the building (figure 12), which are configured to hold the first textile fabric 10 , or even turn it on.

In this example, the holding means 40 consist of a linkage specifically designed for holding. Here, in this example, this linkage takes the form of a bar called holding elements having fixing elements for holding the canvas by pinching (or others).

In this example of Figure 12, the holding means 40 of the first canvas 10 comprise an extreme portion BA' of the building BA having a curved shape and a profile 41 of which one of the faces has a shape complementary to that of the portion extreme B A' so that the first canvas 10 is pinched between the two elements B A' and 10.

In this example, we note that the profile 41 is dimensioned so as to ensure a separation distance d between said facade PM and the first fabric 10.

As indicated above, the concept underlying the present invention is to form a formwork 11 using this first fabric 10.

During a step SI, such a deployment of the canvas 10 is therefore planned, starting from the bottom of the facade PM. The first textile fabric 10 is then held in position by pinching by the holding means 40 at the bottom (Figure 5) then deployed up to the upper part to be fixed by pinching during a step S2 using the holding means 40 from the top (figure 6) and thus cover the PM facade.

In this example, the first canvas 10 has dimensions substantially similar to those of the facade PM of the building B A. We therefore understand that, as illustrated in Figure 6, the canvas 10 covers the entire surface of the facade PM .

The holding means 40 of the top and bottom being offset from the facade PM by a separation distance d, a spacing is formed between the internal face 10a of the canvas 10 and the facade PM, which makes it possible to define a volume forming the formwork 11 which will allow filling for thermal insulation.

Before proceeding with such filling, it is planned to close the side faces of the formwork 11 for example with another canvas (not shown here) or with panels.

The formwork 11 is therefore closed laterally-frontally, which allows it to be filled from above.

Note that, if several facades in series are insulated, the formworks are connected to each other and it is enough to close the side faces of the ends only.

It will be noted that the first textile fabric 10 preferably has microperforations distributed evenly over the entire surface thereof to promote the breathing of the BA building and thus cause the humidity to migrate to the outside to avoid any lasting condensation in the thermal insulator 20. In this example, before filling, we plan to cut the canvas 10 at the level of the openings (figure 7) with the installation of profiles on the peripheral edges of each frame 30.

Thus, the peripheral framework of the frames 30 constitutes support points or lines to stabilize the canvas 30, in the current part and/or on the edge.

Once the finishes have been carried out on the canvas 10 serving as formwork 11, it is possible, as illustrated in Figure 8, to bring in a truck and/or a crane capable of filling during a step S3 the filling volume defined by the formwork 11 using a bulk thermal insulator 20.

The choice of thermal insulator 20 has been the subject of numerous tests to meet the various challenges and objectives of the present invention.

The project is indeed ecological in nature with the aim of being respectful of the environment.

The choice of a biosourced material which has good thermal insulation properties was therefore favored.

In this case, such a material must preferably be rot-proof, flame-retardant and antifungal. After numerous tests, the thermal insulator 20 used in the context of the present invention is preferably selected from graphitized polystyrene and/or expanded cork.

These two types of thermal insulation perfectly meet the imposed specifications. The use of bulk expanded cork granules such as AMORIM or SOCOR and graphitized polystyrene beads such as NEOPOR BASF and ECOGRAPHITE is particularly appreciated.

For example, the carbon footprint of expanded cork is 1.23 kgCO ² eq/m ² . This is the thermal insulation with the lowest carbon footprint. It is in fact possible to source this type of pellet locally.

The carbon footprint of graphitized polystyrene beads is 1.4 kgCO ² eq/m ² . It is a material from the petroleum industry that can be easily recycled and manufactured using mainly water. Its insulating power is greater than that of expanded cork. It makes it possible to achieve target thermal insulation values with a thickness less than expanded cork (25 centimeters thickness of graphitized polystyrene beads compared to 33 centimeters thickness for expanded cork).

The choice of one of these two thermal insulators is therefore preferred. Other insulators can, however, be considered, such as, for example, expanded cork, ecographite, wood fibers, expanded clay balls, hemp straw, cellulose wadding, sheep's wool, recycled plastic balls/granules.

As illustrated in Figure 8, the filling S3 is carried out in this example by introducing the thermal insulation 20 in bulk via first openings 12 provided in the upper part of the fabric 10.

We understand that in this example the filling S3 of this insulator 20 is done by gravity pouring.

Those skilled in the art may consider other techniques for filling S3 of the formwork, for example by blowing the thermal insulation 20 into the filling volume of the formwork 11.

It will be noted that the tensioning of the canvas 10 is done by the pressure exerted by the insulation 20 on the internal face 10a of the canvas 10. It is not necessary to tension the canvas before filling.

Once completely filled (figure 9), the PM facade is then perfectly insulated over its entire height.

Note that the first textile fabric 10 may have second openings 13 in the lower part to allow gravity draining S4 of the thermal insulation 20.

The presence of these openings 13 is advantageous in that it allows the formwork 11 to be emptied and then, if necessary (humidity, etc.), to fill it again via the first openings 12 with another new insulator 20.

On the other hand, we note that the pressure exerted by the insulation on the canvas can cause it to deform 10, which can be unsightly (figure 10).

As illustrated in Figure 14, it is then possible to consider deploying a second 10’ canvas. This second 10' canvas is placed in front of the first canvas 10 to cover the latter and have a perfectly flat surface (the first canvas being slightly deformed by the pressure exerted by the thermal insulation in the formwork volume).

The holding means 40 are thus adapted to receive this second 10' canvas in the upper and lower portion of building B A. The same principle is thus provided as that described above with profiles 41 and 42 whose shapes are complementary to pinch the upper and lower portions of the fabric 10' and thus tension this second fabric 10'.

As illustrated in Figure 11, a pin 43 is then inserted into an opening at each of the elements 41, 42 and B A' to ensure the integral assembly of the elements together. As illustrated in Figure 11, this second textile fabric 10' can also include a preliminary step of laser printing the external face 10b' (that is to say the visible facade). Such a face 10b' can thus have an ornamental character as is the case in Figure 11 with the representation of classic brick facades (on the first part) or a more modern representation (on the second part).

Such an example is advantageous for renovating and/or beautifying a neighborhood.

This second 10' textile canvas can also serve as a support for messages of an informative or advertising nature, allowing for example the owner to receive remuneration. It should be noted that such remuneration can cover at least part of the cost of the intervention relating to the energy renovation of the building.

We understand that this visible face 10b' can also serve as a support for messages of an informative nature for a cultural or sporting event or of an advertising nature, thus allowing the owner of the building to receive remuneration.

It will be understood that this printing of the visible side 10b' of the canvas allows individualization of the architectural decoration of the facade of each dwelling while offering great diversity without significant additional cost.

Thus, the present invention proposes an exterior thermal insulation technique (ITE) using a biosourced thermal insulator which meets the new constraints and requirements of the world of building and public works for the rehabilitation and energy renovation of buildings with facades. comprising mainly windows and solid parts.

The present invention thus makes it possible to respond pertinently to three inseparable questions in the context of energy renovation:

- how to reduce the cost of ITE in rehabilitation?

- how can we reduce the carbon footprint of the solutions proposed?

- how to redefine the aesthetics of treated facades?

The Applicant further submits that the present invention makes it possible to reduce noise pollution from the street by acting as an acoustic insulator.

We have in fact noticed that this design allows good absorption of acoustic energy. Instead of reflecting traffic noise, the facades covered with their canvas absorb this energy. The result is a much quieter public space, which also improves the conformity of people in the urban space and in the interior space of their home. This industrialization of this insulation process by means of formwork (using textile or metal fabrics) filled with biosourced bulk thermal insulation makes it possible to constitute a real coat which will have the advantage of greatly reducing the energy consumption of the building.

The design of this formwork filled with thermal insulation also allows it to be adapted to the greatest number of buildings with very varied styles and moldings.

The present invention therefore proposes a constructive system using existing industrial components, diverted and combined which make it possible to significantly improve the energy performance of all the facades of existing buildings while enhancing the lives of people living inside and by brightening up the streets.

It should be observed that this detailed description relates to a particular embodiment of the present invention, but that in no case does this description have any limiting character to the subject of the invention; on the contrary, it aims to remove any possible imprecision or misinterpretation of the claims that follow.

It should also be observed that the reference signs placed in parentheses in the claims which follow are in no way limiting in nature; these signs have the sole purpose of improving the intelligibility and understanding of the claims which follow as well as the scope of the protection sought.

Claims

1. Process for thermal insulation of a wall wall (PM) of a building (B A) comprising the following steps:

- a first deployment (SI) of a first canvas (10) over all or part of the surface of said wall wall (PM) of the building (B A) at a distance (d) from said wall wall (PM) so as to forming a formwork (11) between said wall wall (PM) and an internal face (10a) of said canvas (10) facing said wall wall (PM);

- a filling (S3) of a thermal insulator (20) to at least partially fill the internal volume (V) defined by said formwork (11) in order to thermally insulate said building (B A).

2. Method according to claim 1, which comprises a second deployment of a second canvas (10') in front of the first canvas (10).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which said first (10) and/or second (10') fabrics are made of a textile material.

4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which said first (10) and/or second (10') fabrics are made of a metallic material such as for example a metal mesh made of galvanized steel or stainless steel

5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal insulator (20) is a rot-proof material.

6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal insulator (20) has undergone an antifungal treatment.

7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal insulator (20) is made of a flame-retardant material.

8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said thermal insulator (20) comprises at least one of the following materials: graphitized polystyrene beads, polystyrene beads, expanded cork, ecographite, wood fibers, polystyrene beads. expanded clay, hemp straw, cellulose wadding, sheep wool, recycled plastic balls/pellets.

9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said first (10) and/or second (10') fabrics comprise a plurality of perforations distributed homogeneously over the entire surface thereof. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said first (10) and/or second (10') canvases have dimensions substantially similar to those of the wall wall (PM) of said building (BA). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the first fabric (10) comprises in the upper part at least one first opening (12) and in which the filling (S3) of said internal volume (V) by said thermal insulator (20 ) is made by said first opening (12). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the first canvas (10) comprises in the lower part at least one second opening (13) to allow gravity emptying (S4) of said formwork (11) of the thermal insulation

(20) through said second opening (13). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises, following the deployment step (SI), maintaining (S2) said first (10) and/or second (10') canvas relative to said wall wall ( PM) by pinching.