FR2845410A1 - Composite construction block for building exterior walls comprises external facing in stone and wood, concrete and wood or metal and wood and internal facing of plaster held together by retaining support - Google Patents

Abstract

The composite assembly is composed of and external facing (1) and an internal facing (3) held by a retaining support (2). The external facing can be in stone and wood, concrete and wood or metal and wood. The internal facing can be of plaster for a fire break and wood for moldings.

Description

The present invention relates to a set of elements, constituting a

  construction system for composite concrete blocks, for the purpose of erecting exterior walls for buildings. Most of the current systems are installed by professionals; in general, their complexity of implementation, their weight, the associated risks and the knowledge to be had, do not allow sufficient overall standardization of the assemblies, to allow industrial manufacture to be assembled by the purchasing client and receptable according to the methodology which would avoid many hazards encountered. Home ecology, which seems to be a bet for the future, is often absent from io systems, particularly in terms of isolation and recovery

of energy.

  Two patented systems, (nos. 2,575,778 and 2,659 30), although interesting in their possibilities, are not comparable as regards the aims sought by the system described below, namely: The system according to the invention allows standardization required by

  industrialization and minimizes the complexity of implementation; related risks, and weight. It allows the use of ecological components for insulation and promotes energy recovery. It is part of an industrialization project for easily assembled modular houses, including 20 by the purchasing client and which can be received according to methodology.

  It is a set of elements, called "agglo", of which from the range of possibilities for its construction, shapes, materials and possible fixings, come the attached sketches. If the proportions are the same, it is for example, by close comparison, comparable to the agglomeration conventionally used 25 in France, today generally in the construction of a building, but is, in addition already equipped before assembly of a building, of its external facing

  which allows sealing by its characteristics, its decor for inside and outside, its firebreak when desired, as well as spaces of your choice, fitted out for (ecological) insulation and concrete pouring armed.

  One of its special features is that it is in the desired locations, can be filled with reinforced concrete 5, for posts, beams, lintels and sections of walls necessary for the

  coherence of the whole built, depending on the materials used.

  These agglos are nestable together, depending on the materials used and do not support the weight of the roof. They allow the construction of walls

bent, in whole or in part.

  1o They are held together, depending on the results and the desired cohesion, namely, among others, the dismantling, the variable geometry, the interchangeability, the pre-equipments, the anti-seismism, the anti-storm,

  anti-fire, anti-lightning, isothermal, isophony.

  For the same set, several different materials can be used 15 and also in the decorations, as well as for the same element.

  These assembled assemblies can be dismantled, rounded to create

  turrets according to standardized diameter.

  They allow optional pre-equipment for high and low ventilation, tumble dryers, mirrors, lamps, convectors, alcoves, moldings, etc. In the case of a building where only the structure "retaining wall slabs" is built on site, we can finish the facade with this system, increasing the height of the exterior facing panel to

  hide the thickness of the floor slabs.

  A set has a first characteristic: a so-called "external facing" element fixed to the central element. This optionally pre-equipable element in the workshop makes it possible inter alia: -3) if it is offset downward relative to the other constituent elements of the invention, to collect rainwater on one or two sides depending on its shape to take it by runoff to the bottom of the wall, below the level of the interior slab, without unnecessary sealing between "agglos" and therefore without plaster, towards the floor drains. ) thanks to a space behind it called nozzle, it is possible either to ventilate it naturally or forcibly for a sun visor, or for energy recovery (see accumulator module described below)

can be coupled with the roof.

  1o 30) to be the support for all the optional decorations, partial or whole,

  as much in the forms, the reliefs, the styles, as in the colors or the materials, being able to be different for the same element and can be painted, molded, stamped, glued, dismountable, etc ... and interchangeable or not. Any "tuning" (personalization of the decor) is possible, advertisements, 15 brands, street numbers, drawings, frescoes, etc.

  Some examples: - metal element + wood for half-timbering modifiable decorations for changing location or region - partial drawings painted in the workshop for trompe l'oeil - facade - painted projections for imitation stone; around doors and windows

  on stamped metal or other elements.

- etc ...

  ) Its mass and density provide sound insulation and impact resistance. The second characteristic is a central element called "holding support". Its functions are: 1) To hold together all the constituent elements of the invention. 20) To create spaces reserved for (ecological) insulation in the form of interlocking blocks or balls, chips, grains, powder, etc ... and whose filling is carried out globally at the top of the wall. 30) To allow a total absence of thermal bridge by 5 insulating spacers (rings) between exterior and interior facing elements These are cylindrical to allow correct filling of the insulation. 40) To be the support for the module accumulation of calories. 50) To be the support for the level adjustment system for the first row of agglos at ground level and which allows each agglo to rest on the previous agglo at io one end and to be adjustable in height at the other end. 60) To include the system for anchoring the agglo between them. 7) To be the support by horizontal and vertical slots arranged in it, for formwork and rigidity boards which allow the insulation and the pouring of the concrete after reinforcement in order to: a) fix to the ground l '' built set b) to build the posts and the 15 chaining beams c) to allow the insertion of intermediate planks of rigidity necessary for the cohesion of the built set 80) To allow the installation of the system anti-seismic at the bottom of the floor formwork. 90) To be the support for hooks (or rings) which will be embedded in the concrete at decided intervals; only in the last row of agglos at the top and 20 which replace the traditional frame by cables. 100) To allow by its forms to bring back the water of infiltration on the elements

called "exterior facing".

  The third characteristic is a so-called "interior facing" element which

  may be fire resistant. It is pre-equipable in the workshop.

  It can be used as a support for: all interior wall fixings, all interior decorations fixed in the workshop or not, (paintings, moldings, alcoves, mirrors, etc ..., partial or whole and on option), all chutes electrical, example: chute three compartments one meter from the ground on the entire periphery of the house and also vertically at the sockets, switches and others, with common cover for several 5 sets "agglos", for a specific tapestry that hides the interstices

between "agglos", etc ...

  An "agglos" set can be built in two different ways to achieve the same result. l) either as described above: with a more complicated central part called "holding support" and parallelepipedal panels said to be "interior and exterior facing" .20) or the central part called "holding support" and composed of two simple cylinders and the so-called "interior and exterior facing" panels are molded and provide, by their shape, part of the functions of the support described

in the first solution.

  10) according to a first variant, the use of a standardized module, known as "

  finish around "for doors and windows, is fixed at the end of the agglos concerned. Its dimensions chosen in coherence with those of doors, windows and so-called" agglo "assemblies allow to have only one type of module in standardizing the widths of the doors and windows and making a special form called "bottom of the doors" in the slab.

  2) according to a second variant, a set called "corner chipboard 1" is necessary for a square or rectangular house, its construction is

  comparable to "agglo" but it is corner and can be rounded.

  ) according to a third variant, a set called "corner chipboard 2" is necessary for a house in an "L" shape, its construction is comparable to

  the whole says "agglo de coinl" but it is inverted and can be rounded.

  - 6) according to a fourth variant, a set known as "L-compensation agglo" is necessary, if so-called "corner agglo 2" assemblies are used. It is

  comparable in all respects to the "agglo" except in length, it is shorter.

  ) according to a fifth variant, a set called "window sill agglo 5" is necessary to receive a pre-molded window sill, its construction

  is identical to an "agglo" except in height, it is less high.

  ) according to a sixth variant, a set called "slope agglo" is necessary for each roof slope, but they are all identical for a

  same roof thanks to the seventh variant.

  1o 70) according to a seventh variant, a so-called "agglo of compensation for

  slope "is necessary, in order to allow in the same construction, to have only one model of" slope agglo ", its construction is identical to 1" agglo ", except in length. It will exist in three lengths shorter than those of the "agglo" which will cover the needs of all standardized roof slopes.

  ) according to an eighth variant, a set known as "peak agglo" is

  necessary for each different roof slope.

  ) according to a ninth variant, a so-called "agglo for variable geometry" assembly, makes it possible to completely seal, for insulation, part of the bay windows 20 produced for this purpose, which allow great clarity in summer and a

  energy saving in winter in cold regions.

  ) According to a tenth variant, an assembly known as "beam starting agglo" is necessary, to connect by beams in poured reinforced concrete, at several heights in the same section of wall, opposite exterior walls or at 90 degrees; or to connect them to poured concrete blocks fixed to the ground and embedded in the interior partitions, in order to give the built house cohesion -7

  necessary; replace the frame with cables and ensure the anti-seismic function.

  Plate 1/26 Plate 2/26 Plate 3/26 Plate 4/26 io Plate 5/26 Plate 6/26 Plate 7/26 Plate 8/26 15 Plate 9/26 Plate 10/26 Plate 11/26 Plate 12/26 Plate 13/26 25 Plate 14/26 Plate 15/26

The drawings illustrate the invention.

  -Fig. ___view of the agglo in perspective -fig.2 ___view of the molded agglo in perspective -fig.3 agglo seen in section -fig.4 ___agglo seen from above -fig.5 _ agglo seen nested -fig.6_ agglos board detail formwork seen in section fig.7 agglo detail formwork board seen from above -fig. 8 ___agglo detail accumulator block -fig.9 - agglo detail decor and equipment options -fig. 10 _ agglos insulating ring detail -fig. 1 l agglo detail insulating block -fig. 12 agglo equipment details -options -fig. 13 rounded agglo -fig. 14 agglo front decoration details -fig. 15 agglo details for decorations on façades - fig. 16 agglo details for facade decorations -fig. 17 agglo details for facade decorations -fig. 18 agglo relief details exterior decorations - fig. 19 agglo anti-seismic detail -fig. 20 agglo hooking detail frame cable -fig. 21 details around window doors -fig. 22 details around window doors -8- Board 16/26 Board 17/26 5 Board 18/26 Board 19/26 10 Board 20/26 Plate 21/26 15 Plate 22/26 Plate 23/26 Plate 24/26 20 Plate 25/26 Plate 26/26 With reference to -fig. 23 details of module around French windows -fig. 24 corner chip 1 -fig. 25 corner chipboard 2 -fig. 26 L -fig compensation chipboard. 27 slope block -fig. 28 slope block -fig. 29 slope block -fig. 30 slope block -fig. 31 slope agglo -fig.32 slope agglo -fig.33 ridge agglo -fig.34 ridge agglo -fig.35 ridge agglo -fig.36 ridge agglo -fig.37 weakness agglo -fig.38 beam starting agglo - fig.40 other agglos models -fig.41 other agglos models -fig.42 other agglos models -fig.43 other agglos models -fig.44 other agglos models - fig.45 other models of agglos -fig.46 other models of agglos these drawings, which illustrate the principle and only part of the possible constructions, for a reason of limitation of the number of the drawings, the device is a composite assembly known as " agglo "(fig. 1), composed -9 of an assembly of elements (1,2,3) maintained by a system (2). it replaces the conventional chipboard used today generally in a construction, but is moreover equipped before assembly of the building, of its external facing (1) shifted downwards (4 / fig.3), which allows the sealing; its decoration for 5 inside (5 / fig.9) and for the outside (6 / fig.9), its firebreak (3- in plaster for example) when it is desired, as well as spaces of your choice (11 / fig. 3 and 4) such as on sketch, fitted out for insulation and reinforced concrete pouring. One of its special features is that it can be filled with reinforced concrete for posts, beams, lintels and sections of walls, where desired, to ensure the coherence of the whole structure, depending on the materials used. f allows

  the construction of leaning walls, in whole or in part.

  These agglo assemblies are nestable (fig. 5), depending on the materials used, the results and the desired cohesion, namely among other things, dismantling, variable geometry, interchangeability, possible pre-equipment i5.

  For the same set (fig. 1) and the same element of the set (1,2,3),

  several materials can be used as desired, including in the decorations.

  Example: exterior facing (1): stone and wood or concrete and wood

  or in metal and wood (for half-timbering).

  holding support (2): metallic with plastic ring (13 / fig. 1O) for

zero thermal bridge.

wood.

  interior facing (3): plaster for firebreak and wood for 25 moldings.

  etc ... (see fig.40 to fig.46) - 10 These assemblies can be rounded (fig. 13). They allow standardized pre-equipment: high and low ventilation, dryer outlet (18; 19 / fig. 12), mirrors, lamps, convectors, alcoves, moldings, etc ... And their construction can be different, if one decides to mold the panels (1 and 3 5 fig: 2), which results in distributing the functions of the elements (1,2,3), of the agglo assembly differently, thanks to the shapes of the panels (1 and 3 ). The first element that composes it, is a so-called "exterior facing" panel (1) pre-fitted on workshop options and if it is shifted down io (4 / fig.3), makes it possible to collect water rain to take it by runoff to

  bottom of the wall, below the level of the interior slab, towards the floor drains.

  Thanks to a space called nozzle (l0 / fig.3 and 4) behind it, it is possible to ventilate it for sun visor or energy recovery at the roof ridge of

  natural or forced, it can be coupled with roof nozzles.

  is This panel (1) is the support for all possible decorations and "tuning" (fig.14; 15; 16; 17), in the forms, the reliefs (15 fig. 18), the styles, the colors or the materials your choice can be different for the same

  panel and is used to hide the thickness of the slab in the case of a building.

  The decorations can be painted, molded, stamped, added by any means 20 and removable or not and interchangeable.

  - The second element that composes it is called a "holding support" (2) and its function is to hold together, the elements (l, 2,3) constituting the invention by insulating spacers (2), which allow a total absence of thermal bridges and create spaces (1 l / fig. 3 and 4) reserved for insulation, which can be ecological, in the form of beads, grain or powder shavings, etc. and whose filling is carried out globally at the top of the wall or - 11 by interlocking insulating blocks, specific to each agglo (fig. 11l; fig. 46) and it is also used to maintain the calorie accumulation module (8 /fig.4, fig. 8), as well as support for the agglo level adjustment system (9 fig.3,4), for the first row on the ground and which allows for each agglo to rest on the 'agglo previous at one end and to be adjustable in height at the other end. Horizontal and vertical slots arranged therein, for formwork (12 fig. 7 and 17 fig. 6) and stiffness boards, allow concrete to be poured after reinforcement, to fix the constructed assembly to the ground and build the posts, lintels and beams, thermally insulated, which allows the io chaining necessary for the cohesion of the whole. I1 allows the installation of the anti seismic system (20 fig. 19) and serves as a support for hooks or inking rings (21 fig. 20), embedded in the concrete for the top row of chipboards, which allow the traditional framework to be replaced by cables. It allows by its forms (22 fig.3), to bring the water of infiltration on the 1 elements called "exterior facing). It includes the inking system of

agglos between them.

  -The third element that composes it is a panel called "interior facing" (3). This fire-resistant panel, if it is in plaster, is optionally pre-equipable in the workshop (7fig.9) and it allows to be used support for all 20 interior wall fixings, all interior decorations (5fig.9), partially

or in whole etc ...

  According to a first variant, a standardized module called "surrounding finish" (16, fig. 14; 21; 22), is fixed on the "agglos" (fig. 23), around the windows and doors on the outside, in order to to obtain a perfect facade finish. 25 For bottom door detail (fig. 21).

  - 12 According to a second variant, a set called "corner chipboard 1" (fig.24) is necessary for a square or rectangular house. Its construction is comparable to the so-called "agglo" assembly (fig. 1), but it is corner and can be rounded. According to a third variant, a set called "corner chipboard 2" (fig.25) is necessary for a house in "L" shape. Its construction is comparable to the so-called "corner agglo 1" assembly (fig.24), but it is inverted and can be rounded. According to a fourth variant, a set called "agglo of compensation of L" 10 (18 / fig.26) is necessary, if one uses sets known as "agglo of corner 2" (fig. 25), it is comparable in all points with 1 "agglo" (fig. 1), except in

length, it's shorter.

  According to a fifth variant, a set called "window sill agglo" is necessary, to receive a pre-molded window sill, its construction 15 is identical to an "agglo" (fig. 1), except in height, it is less high.

  According to a sixth variant, an assembly called "<slope agglo" (fig. 27 to 32) (top view fig.27- front view fig.28- side view fig. 29), is necessary and for the same slope, so-called "slope agglo" sets are identical, if we use the "slope compensation agglos" (26/20 fig.30; 31; 32), cited in the seventh variant. Their construction is

identical to 1 "agglo" (fig. 1).

  According to a seventh variant, a set known as "slope compensation agglo" (26 in fig.30; 31; 32) is necessary, so as to allow, in the same construction, to have only one model of " slope board "25 (27 / fig.30; 31; 32). It must exist in three dimensions, which will cover, all

  requirements for all slopes. (lengths 50mm-lOOmm-200mm).

  - 13 According to an eighth variant, an assembly called "peak agglo" (fig. 33; 34;

  ), is required for each roof slope (28 in fig. 36; 37).

  According to a ninth variant, a so-called "chipboard for variable geometry" assembly makes it possible to completely seal, in order to isolate part of the bay windows produced for this purpose.

  According to a tenth variant, an assembly known as "beam starting chipboard", makes it possible to connect by concrete beam at several heights in the same section of wall, opposite exterior walls or at 90 degrees; or concrete blocks fixed to the ground in order to give the cohesion necessary for construction for 1o anti-seismism and the replacement of the frame by cables. (fig.38).

  The system according to the invention can be used for additions to the old, for new in all cases and for all known or future styles of buildings. It is mainly intended, by its ease of implementation, for the industrial manufacture of modular houses receptable i5 according to methodology, exhibitable, easily testable, and mountable by the purchasing client in a very short time and as part of a project of

  global construction already defined.

- 14

Claims (6)

CLAIMS) Device which allows the construction of composite "concrete blocks", with the aim of building exterior walls of buildings and their finishes, in a standardized, industrializable manner and allows their assembly, including by the purchasing customer in an easy manner, as well as workshop reception following methodology; authorizes standard or customized pre-equipment and options, such as: high and low ventilation (18), dryer outlet (19), 10 mirrors, lamps, convectors, partial or whole alcoves, moldings (5), etc. ... and which is made up of "agglo" assemblies (fig. 1), the elements (1, 2,3) of which are held together and are nestable (fig.5), according to the various possible shapes from materials used, chosen fixings, results and desired cohesion, namely: dismantling, variable geometry, interchangeability, pre-equipment, isothermal, isophony, personalization of the decorations (fig. 14, 15, 16, 17), the possible locations, the possible guarantees decided against natural risks: earthquake, fire, storm, lightning and the uses in the event of an emergency plan and one of its particularities is to be , at the desired locations, 20 can be filled with reinforced concrete for beam posts es and lintels necessary for the coherence of the built set and several different materials can be used and also in the decorations, for the same set and the same element, which can be rounded (fig.13) or bent, or both, including for a corner set (fig. 24, 25), according to standardized diameters 25 and have the particularity of being able to be delivered disassembled, to facilitate transport and construction of an agglo assembly may be - 15 different, if one decides to mold the panels as on ( fig.2), the same result will be obtained, but the functions and forms of the elements (l; 2; 3) will be distributed differently and include a first "external facing" element (1), characterized in that it is mounted in 5 workshop on the assembly and that it is offset (4) downward, with respect to the other constituent elements of the assembly, to collect rainwater on one or two faces, according to its shapes and the lead by runoff to the bottom of the wall, below the level of the interior slab, without sealing between chipboard assemblies and therefore without plaster, towards the floor drains; and thanks to a space (10), io behind it, it is possible to ventilate it naturally or forcibly for a sun visor or energy recovery purpose, it makes it possible to be the support for all the possible decorations, on options, partial or whole as much in the forms, the reliefs (5; 6; 15) (fig. 14; 15; 16; 17), the styles, as in the colors or the materials being able to be different for the same element and 15 can be painted, molded, stamped, glued, removable and interchangeable, etc ... any customization is possible, brands, advertisements, street numbers, signs, drawings, frescoes, etc ... and, in the case of a building where only the structure (slabs, retaining walls) is built on site, it allows the facade to be finished, if the height of the facing panel is increased to hide the thickness of the slab; it can be removable and comprises a second "support support" element (2), characterized in that its functions are to hold all the constituent elements of the invention together; and create spaces (10), described above and (11) reserved for insulation, which can be ecological: in the form of balls, chips, grains, powder, etc., which are filled globally at the top of the wall or by insertable insulating blocks specific to each chipboard and - 16 allow a total absence of thermal bridge by insulating cylindrical spacers (see ring 13 depending on the materials chosen) between interior, exterior facing elements for allow better filling of the insulation, as well as being the support for the heat accumulation module 5 (8), when this choice is made, the shapes of which allow air circulation (forced or not), which allows the modules of agglos not exposed to the sun, to accumulate energy by air flow and to be the support for the level adjustment system (9), for the first row of agglos at ground level and which allows each chipboard to rest on the previous chipboard at io one end and be adjustable in height at the other end, before filling with concrete (fig. 19), to include the system for anchoring the agglo between them, to be the support, by horizontal and vertical slots (12; 17) arranged therein, for formwork and rigidity boards which allow pouring of concrete after reinforcement, in order to fix the constructed assembly to the ground, is to build the necessary posts, lintels and beams and allow the insertion of intermediate stiffness planks between posts and beams, to allow depending on the materials used, add to the spacers (2) the elements necessary for pouring a section of wall common to all the construction agglomerates; allow the installation at the bottom of 20 formwork on the ground of the anti-seismic system (20); to be the support for rings or hooks (21), which will be embedded in the concrete at decided intervals and only in the last row of agglos at the top and which allow the traditional frame to be replaced by cables, more or less tensioned; to allow by its forms (22) to bring the water of infiltration on the external facing elements 25 and it comprises a third "internal facing" element (3), characterized in that it can be of plaster or other materials, - 17 for firebreak, it serves as a support, for all interior wall fixings, all interior decorations (5) fixed in the workshop: partial or whole paints, moldings, alcoves, mirrors, etc ... on workshop options, example: electrical trunking three compartments one meter from the ground (7) out of 5 the entire periphery of the house and vertically in line with electrical outlets, switches and others, whose boxes pre-equip the element, with a common trough cover for several chipboard assemblies and a specific tapestry which hides the interstices between chipboards, etc.) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a standardized module "of finishing alen tower "(16), which makes it possible to obtain a perfect façade finish around doors and windows by being fixed on the agglos. ) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two sets "corner chip 1" (fig. 24) and "corner chip 2" (fig.25) and in that their construction is similar to that of the "agglo" (fig. 1), but their wedge shape allows, for the "agglo of corner 1" (fig.24) the realization of square or rectangular houses and the "agglo of corner 2" ( fig.25), the realization of houses other than square or rectangular, in "L" for example, and its construction is identical to 1 "corner chip 1" (fig. 24), 20 but reversed. ) Device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a set "agglo of compensation of L" (18), which is necessary, if one uses "agglo of corner 2" (fig. 25) and whose construction is comparable in all respects to the "agglo" (fig. 1), except in length, it is shorter. - 18) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a set "window sill agglo">, which allows the installation of a special pre-molded window sill, its construction is identical to a " agglo "(fig.   1), except in height, it is less high.   6) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an assembly "slope agglo" (fig.27; 28; 29), of identical construction to 1 "" agglo "(fig. 1), but of shape different they are all the same for   the same slope if the seventh variant is used.   7) Device according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a set io "agglo slope compensation" (26), which allows, in the same construction, to have only one model of "agglo slope "(27), its construction is identical to 1" agglo >> (fig. 1), except in length, it must   exist in three dimensions (50mm-10Omm-200mm).   8) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an i5 assembly "agglo de fait" (fig.33; 34; 35), for each type of slopes standardized roofing.   9) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a set "agglo for variable geometry", which allows to close the bays windows made for this purpose.   10) Device according to claim l, characterized in that it comprises a set "beam starting agglo" (fig.38), necessary to allow to connect by reinforced concrete beams poured at several heights in the same section of wall, opposite or adjacent external walls, or to connect them to concrete blocks anchored to the ground and embedded in the internal partitions, with the aim of giving the built assembly the consistency necessary to replace - 19   the frame by cables and the operation of the anti-seismic system by a chair effect.