WO2024098922A1 - 一种可以加强抗退磁性的转子、电机、压缩机和制冷机 - Google Patents

一种可以加强抗退磁性的转子、电机、压缩机和制冷机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024098922A1
WO2024098922A1 PCT/CN2023/117022 CN2023117022W WO2024098922A1 WO 2024098922 A1 WO2024098922 A1 WO 2024098922A1 CN 2023117022 W CN2023117022 W CN 2023117022W WO 2024098922 A1 WO2024098922 A1 WO 2024098922A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
diffusion region
diffusion
rotor
rare earth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/117022
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于岚
李宏涛
邱小华
Original Assignee
广东美芝制冷设备有限公司
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Application filed by 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 filed Critical 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司
Publication of WO2024098922A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024098922A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of drive devices, and specifically relates to a rotor, a motor, a compressor and a refrigerator capable of enhancing resistance to demagnetization.
  • variable frequency motors At present, most air-conditioning compressors use variable frequency motors, and variable frequency motors generally use permanent magnet motors.
  • the excitation method of the permanent magnet motor rotor is magnet excitation. Due to the high power density characteristics of permanent magnet motors and the need to reduce costs, the anti-demagnetization ability of the rotor magnet is weakened. When the magnet undergoes irreversible demagnetization, it will affect the operating performance and reliability of the motor and compressor, thereby seriously affecting the service life of the product.
  • the content of rare earth elements in magnets affects the remanence and coercivity of magnets, among which the direct manifestation of coercivity is the ability to resist demagnetization.
  • magnets with low coercivity have poor rotor demagnetization resistance, a higher risk of rotor demagnetization, and more obvious demagnetization. Therefore, with the increase in the price of rare earth materials, the price of rare earth magnet materials and the cost of motors have risen sharply. Under the premise of ensuring the reliable operation of the motor, it is urgent to reduce the cost of magnets and motors.
  • the present application aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a rotor, a motor, a compressor and a refrigerator that can enhance the resistance to demagnetization.
  • the rotor according to the first aspect of the present application comprises:
  • a rotor core wherein the rotor core is provided with magnet slots
  • a plurality of permanent magnets wherein the permanent magnets are arranged in the magnet slots, and the plurality of permanent magnets are arranged around the rotor core;
  • a magnetic isolation bridge is arranged between magnet slots where adjacent permanent magnets are located;
  • a diffusion zone is provided on the plane where the width and thickness of the permanent magnet are located, and the diffusion zone includes:
  • a first diffusion region is arranged on one side of the width center line of the permanent magnet.
  • a second diffusion region is arranged on the other side of the width center line of the permanent magnet
  • the first diffusion region and the second diffusion region both contain rare earth elements
  • the thickness y 2 of the magnetic isolation bridge, the maximum length L 1max of the first diffusion region along the width direction of the permanent magnet, the maximum length W 1max of the first diffusion region along the thickness direction of the permanent magnet, and the variable c satisfy the following formula (1) and formula (2):
  • variable c is selected from 0 or 1.
  • the maximum length L 2max of the second diffusion region along the width direction of the permanent magnet and the maximum length W 2max of the second diffusion region along the thickness direction of the permanent magnet satisfy the following formulas (3) and (4):
  • variable c is selected from 0 or 1.
  • the permanent magnet is in the shape of a straight line, and the variable c is 0.
  • the permanent magnet is V-shaped and the variable c is 1.
  • the thickness y2 of the magnetic isolation bridge ranges from 0.2 to 2 mm.
  • the value ranges of the parameters in the first diffusion region satisfy any one or both of the following: 1 mm ⁇ L 1max ⁇ 25 mm; 1 mm ⁇ W 1max ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the value ranges of the parameters in the first diffusion region satisfy any one or both of the following: 1.2 mm ⁇ L 1max ⁇ 1.8 mm; 1.5 mm ⁇ W 1max ⁇ 2.3 mm.
  • the value ranges of the parameters in the second diffusion region satisfy any one or both of the following: 1 mm ⁇ L 2max ⁇ 25 mm; 1 mm ⁇ W 2max ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the value ranges of the parameters in the second diffusion region satisfy any one or both of the following: 1.2 mm ⁇ L 2max ⁇ 1.8 mm; 1.5 mm ⁇ W 2max ⁇ 2.3 mm.
  • the first diffusion region and the second diffusion region are distributed over the entire area or partially along the axial direction of the permanent magnet.
  • the diffusion regions in cross sections of the permanent magnet having different widths and thicknesses are the same or different.
  • the permanent magnet is radially magnetized or parallel magnetized.
  • the rotor core is formed by stacking a plurality of silicon steel sheets.
  • the rare earth element includes at least one of dysprosium, terbium, praseodymium, neodymium, and cerium.
  • the rare earth element includes at least one of dysprosium, terbium, and neodymium.
  • the rare earth element is uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed in the diffusion region.
  • the content of the rare earth element in the first diffusion region accounts for 1.0 %-2.3% of the mass percentage of the permanent magnet.
  • the content of the rare earth element in the second diffusion region accounts for 1.0%-2.3% of the mass percentage of the permanent magnet g2 .
  • the permanent magnet further includes a non-diffusion region, the weight of the rare earth element in the non-diffusion region accounts for a percentage of the weight of the permanent magnet of g 3 , and g 3 ⁇ g 1 , g 3 ⁇ g 2 .
  • the permanent magnet further includes a plurality of third diffusion regions, the third diffusion regions are disposed between the first diffusion regions and the second diffusion regions, and the weight of the rare earth element in each of the third diffusion regions accounts for a percentage of the weight of the permanent magnet of g i , g i >g 3 .
  • the permanent magnet includes the first diffusion region, the second diffusion region and the third diffusion region, and the third diffusion region is disposed between the first diffusion region and the second diffusion region, and the first diffusion region, the second diffusion region and the third diffusion region form a U-shape.
  • the permanent magnet includes the first diffusion region and the second diffusion region, and the first diffusion region and the second diffusion region are respectively disposed at four corners of the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet includes the first diffusion region, the second diffusion region and the third diffusion region, and the first diffusion region, the second diffusion region and the third diffusion region are respectively arranged in parallel on both sides and the middle of the permanent magnet in a three-strip shape.
  • the motor according to the second aspect of the present application includes a rotor as described in any technical solution of the first aspect of the present application.
  • the compressor according to the third aspect of the present application includes a rotor as described in any technical solution of the first aspect of the present application, or a motor as described in the second aspect of the present application.
  • the refrigerator according to the fourth aspect of the present application includes the motor as described in the second aspect of the present application, or the compressor as described in the third aspect of the present application.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a straight-line rotor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a certain rotor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a V-shaped rotor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a V-shaped rotor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a V-shaped rotor direction according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnet diffusion region in a rotor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a U-shaped diffusion zone of a permanent magnet according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a quadrangular diffusion zone of a permanent magnet according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of three-strip diffusion regions of a permanent magnet according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a single diffusion zone of a permanent magnet according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 100-motor 110-rotor, 111-rotor core, 112-permanent magnet, 113-magnetic isolation bridge, 1111-magnet slot, 120-stator, 121-statator core, 122-winding, 1211-protrusion, 1121-diffusion region, 11211-first diffusion region, 11212-second diffusion region, 11213-third diffusion region, 11214-non-diffusion region.
  • an embodiment proposes a rotor 110, including a rotor core 111, a plurality of permanent magnets 112 and a magnetic isolation bridge 113.
  • the rotor core 111 is provided with a magnet slot 1111; the permanent magnet 112 is arranged in the magnet slot 1111, each permanent magnet 112 is correspondingly arranged in the corresponding magnet slot 1111, and a plurality of permanent magnets 112 are arranged around the rotor core 111, and the number of permanent magnets 112 is determined by the size of the rotor core 111; the magnetic isolation bridge 113 is arranged between the magnet slots 1111 where adjacent permanent magnets 112 are located, and plays a role of magnetic isolation, which can avoid the zone between the two permanent magnets 112.
  • the phenomenon of magnetic leakage in the domain is reduced, and the disorder of the magnetic circuit inside the rotor 110 is reduced, which is beneficial to optimizing the structure of the rotor 110 and improving the reliability of the rotor 110.
  • a diffusion zone 1121 is provided on the plane where the width and thickness of the permanent magnet 112 are located, and the diffusion zone 1121 includes a first diffusion zone 11211 and/or a second diffusion zone 11212, wherein: the first diffusion zone 11211 is provided on one side of the width center line of the permanent magnet 112, and the second diffusion zone 11212 is provided on the other side of the width center line of the permanent magnet 112.
  • the first diffusion zone 11211 and the second diffusion zone 11212 refer to the process of manufacturing the permanent magnet 112, by coating a layer of slurry containing rare earth elements on the surface of the permanent magnet 112 substrate, so as to enhance the anti-demagnetization performance of the permanent magnet 112.
  • a slurry of rare earth elements can be coated on one side of the width center line of the permanent magnet 112 to form a first diffusion zone 11211; a slurry containing rare earth elements can also be coated on the other side of the width center line of the permanent magnet 112 to form a second diffusion zone 11212; or a slurry containing rare earth elements can be coated on both sides of the width center line of the permanent magnet 112 to form a first diffusion zone 11211 and a second diffusion zone 11212.
  • the content of rare earth elements in the slurry can be controlled to meet the requirements of different anti-demagnetization properties.
  • the first diffusion region 11211 and the second diffusion region 11212 both contain rare earth elements. Since rare earth elements have excellent energy density, coercive force and residual magnetism, after being prepared into slurry and coated on the surface of the permanent magnet 112 matrix, they will penetrate and diffuse into the permanent magnet 112 matrix to form the diffusion region 1121. The higher the content of rare earth elements in the slurry, the stronger the anti-demagnetization ability of the permanent magnet.
  • high-temperature treatment (about 800-950°C, 10-18 hours) is required to further improve the bonding force between the rare earth elements and the permanent magnet matrix, form a stable grain boundary state, improve the coercive force of the permanent magnet and its temperature stability, thereby improving the anti-demagnetization ability of the permanent magnet 112, and then improve the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor.
  • the demagnetization performance of the rotor 110 is related to the thickness of the magnetic isolation bridge 113 and the size of the diffusion zone 1121 , wherein: when the thickness of the magnetic isolation bridge 113 increases, the anti-demagnetization performance of the rotor 110 is improved, and under the premise of achieving the same anti-demagnetization performance, the area of the diffusion zone 1121 needs to be reduced; that is, the thickness of the magnetic isolation bridge 113 is inversely proportional to L 1max , W 1max , L 2max or W 2max of the diffusion zone 1121 .
  • the thickness y2 of the magnetic isolation bridge 113 by reasonably setting the relationship among the thickness y2 of the magnetic isolation bridge 113, the maximum length L1max of the first diffusion zone 11211 along the width direction of the permanent magnet, the maximum length W1max of the first diffusion zone 11211 along the thickness direction of the magnet, the maximum length L2max of the second diffusion zone 11212 along the width direction of the permanent magnet, and the maximum length W2max of the second diffusion zone 11212 along the thickness direction of the permanent magnet 112, and making them satisfy the calculation relationship of the following formula (1)-(2) or formula (1)-(4), it is possible to improve the local anti-demagnetization ability of the permanent magnet 112 and the anti-demagnetization ability of the rotor 110, thereby improving the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor and reducing the production cost of the motor while ensuring the demagnetization reliability and not increasing the volume of the permanent magnet 112.
  • variable c is selected from 0 or 1.
  • the permanent magnet 112 is in a straight line shape, and the variable c is 0.
  • the shape of the permanent magnet 112 is selected mainly to meet the performance requirements of different motors to expand the scope of use of the product.
  • the permanent magnet 112 can be a straight line, it is mainly to use the fact that the magnetic density generated by the straight line permanent magnet 112 rotor has a higher average magnetic density value and a maximum value, and the straight line permanent magnet 112 has a smaller torque pulsation and has higher performance under high torque conditions.
  • the permanent magnet 112 is a straight line, the value of the corresponding variable c in the above formula is 0.
  • the permanent magnet 112 is V-shaped, and the variable c is 1.
  • the shape of the permanent magnet 112 is V-shaped, that is, two adjacent permanent magnets 112 are symmetrically distributed in a V-shape and constitute a group of permanent magnets 112, and the magnetic isolation bridge 113 is set between the permanent magnets 112 of adjacent groups, and no magnetic isolation bridge 113 is set between the two permanent magnets 112 in the same group.
  • the V-shaped permanent magnet 112 is more conducive to enhancing the anti-demagnetization ability of the rotor than the straight-shaped permanent magnet 112.
  • the value of the corresponding variable c in the above formula is 1.
  • the thickness y 2 of the magnetic isolation bridge 113 is in the range of 0.2-2 mm.
  • the thickness of the magnetic isolation bridge 113 is controlled to meet the requirement of magnetic isolation of the permanent magnets 112.
  • the thickness of the magnetic isolation bridge 113 needs to be greater than 0.2 mm to ensure that the magnetic isolation bridge 113 can meet the damage to the structure of the rotor 110 caused by the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the rotor 110, thereby ensuring the mechanical strength of the permanent magnets 112 and improving the reliability of the rotor 110; at the same time, the thickness of the magnetic isolation bridge 113 is limited to less than 2 mm to reduce the risk of magnetic leakage of the same group of permanent magnets 112 and the manufacturing cost.
  • the value ranges of the parameters in the diffusion region 1121 arbitrarily satisfy one or more of the following: 1 mm ⁇ L 1max ⁇ 25 mm; 1 mm ⁇ L 2max ⁇ 25 mm; 1 mm ⁇ W 1max ⁇ 5 mm; 1 mm ⁇ W 2max ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the range values of the parameters in the diffusion zone 1121, the maximum length L1max of the first diffusion zone 11211 along the width direction of the permanent magnet 112, the maximum length W1max of the first diffusion zone 11211 along the thickness direction of the permanent magnet 112, the maximum length L2max of the second diffusion zone 11212 along the width direction of the permanent magnet 112, and the maximum length W2max of the second diffusion zone 11212 along the thickness direction of the permanent magnet 112 are further limited so as to satisfy 0.2 ⁇ k1 ⁇ 19.2 , 0.2 ⁇ k2 ⁇ 19.2 , 0.2 ⁇ k3 ⁇ 19.2 , 0.2 ⁇ k4 ⁇ 19.2 in each formula.
  • the local anti-demagnetization capability of the permanent magnet 112 is improved while ensuring the demagnetization reliability and without increasing the volume of the permanent magnet 112, and the anti-demagnetization capability of the rotor 110 is improved, thereby improving the anti-demagnetization capability of the motor and reducing the production cost of the motor.
  • the first diffusion region 11211 and the second diffusion region 11212 are distributed in the entire area or partially along the axial direction of the permanent magnet 112 .
  • the first diffusion zone 11211 and the second diffusion zone 11212 can be distributed in the entire area or partially in the axial direction of the permanent magnet 112, which means: the distribution of the first diffusion zone 11211 and the second diffusion zone 11212 along the length direction of the permanent magnet 112 can be distributed in the entire area or in a partial area, which mainly depends on the requirements of the permanent magnet 112 for anti-demagnetization performance.
  • the partial area distribution is mainly to reduce the diffusion zone 1121, thereby reducing costs.
  • the diffusion regions 1121 of the permanent magnet 112 on the cross section where the width and thickness are located are the same or different.
  • the anti-demagnetization capability of the rotor assembly 110 can be enhanced to further reduce the possibility of irreversible demagnetization of the rotor assembly 110.
  • the diffusion regions 1121 on the planes where the width and thickness are located at different lengths of the permanent magnet 112 can be the same or different, as long as the overall anti-demagnetization capability of the permanent magnet 122 is guaranteed.
  • the permanent magnet 112 is magnetized radially or in parallel.
  • the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 112 can be radial magnetization or parallel magnetization, as long as the magnetization direction of each permanent magnet 112 on the rotor 110 is consistent, and the magnetization directions of the first diffusion region 11211, the second diffusion region 11212, the third diffusion region 11213 and the non-diffusion region 11214 in each permanent magnet 112 are consistent.
  • the first diffusion region 11211, the second diffusion region 11212 and the third diffusion region 11213 with strong anti-demagnetization ability can ensure their own magnetism, so that the non-diffusion region 11214 is magnetized by the first diffusion region 11211, the second diffusion region 11212 and the third diffusion region 11213 to avoid the irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet 112.
  • the rotor core 111 is formed by stacking a plurality of silicon steel sheets.
  • the rotor core 111 is formed by stacking a plurality of silicon steel sheets.
  • the rotor core 111 is processed by stacking, which is beneficial to reducing eddy current loss. When the rotor core 111 is working, it is in a changing magnetic field, and the induced current inside it will cause energy loss, which is called eddy current loss.
  • the rotor core 111 is formed by stacking silicon steel sheets, which can effectively reduce iron loss and improve the reliability of the rotor 110.
  • the rare earth element includes at least one of dysprosium, terbium, praseodymium, neodymium, and cerium, and the rare earth element is uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed in the permanent magnet 112 .
  • these rare earth elements have excellent energy density, coercive force and residual magnetism. After being prepared into slurry and coated on the surface of the permanent magnet 112 matrix, they will penetrate and diffuse into the permanent magnet 112 matrix to form a diffusion zone 1121. The higher the content of rare earth elements in the slurry, the stronger the anti-demagnetization ability of the permanent magnet 112.
  • rare earth elements (dysprosium, terbium, praseodymium, neodymium, cerium) are infiltrated and diffused into the permanent magnet 112.
  • the transition metal elements can form intermetallic compounds with the transition metal elements in the permanent magnet 112.
  • the strong exchange interaction between the transition metal elements makes the compound have a higher Curie temperature.
  • the transition metal atoms have a larger magnetic moment to ensure that the compound has a higher saturation magnetization intensity, and the localized 4f electrons of the rare earth elements can provide stronger anisotropy.
  • the combined effect of the two types of elements is beneficial to improving the coercive force of the permanent magnet 112, thereby enhancing the anti-demagnetization ability of the permanent magnet 112, and further improving the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor.
  • the distribution of rare earth elements in the permanent magnet 112 refers to the distribution of rare earth elements in the diffusion region.
  • the rare earth elements in the diffusion region can be evenly distributed or unevenly distributed, which mainly depends on the diffusion process and the requirements of the permanent magnet 112 for anti-demagnetization performance.
  • the requirements for the anti-demagnetization performance of the permanent magnet 112 are high, it is necessary to coat the permanent magnet 112 with a slurry with a high content of rare earth elements.
  • the concentration of the slurry is high, the permeability and diffusivity are poor, and it is easy to form an uneven distribution of rare earth elements, thereby forming a diffusion zone with a relatively stronger anti-demagnetization ability in some areas, thereby improving the overall anti-demagnetization ability of the motor 100; when the requirements for the anti-demagnetization performance of the permanent magnet 112 are not high, the permanent magnet 112 can be coated with a slurry with a low content of rare earth elements.
  • the concentration of the slurry is low, the permeability and diffusivity are good, and it is easy to form a uniform distribution of rare earth elements, thereby forming a balanced anti-demagnetization area in the diffusion zone, which can also effectively improve the overall anti-demagnetization ability of the motor 100.
  • the percentage g 1 of the weight of the rare earth element in the first diffusion region 11211 to the weight of the permanent magnet 112 is 1.0%-2.3%.
  • the low cost requirement of the motor is met by controlling the mass percentage range of the rare earth elements in the first diffusion region 11211.
  • the weight percentage of the rare earth elements in the first diffusion region 11211 needs to be greater than 1.0% to ensure that the first diffusion region 11211 has the minimum requirement for meeting the coercive force of the permanent magnet 112, thereby ensuring that the first diffusion region 11211 can improve the anti-demagnetization ability of the entire permanent magnet 112; at the same time, the weight percentage of the rare earth elements in the first diffusion region 11211 is limited to less than 2.3%, which can reduce the cost of the permanent magnet 112 on the basis of ensuring that the first diffusion region 11211 has a strong anti-demagnetization ability, thereby meeting the low cost requirement of the motor.
  • the weight percentage g2 of the rare earth element in the second diffusion region 11212 to the weight of the permanent magnet 112 is 1.0%-2.3%.
  • the weight percentage of the rare earth elements in the second diffusion zone 11212 is the same as that in the first diffusion zone 11211, and can be used as a supplement to the first diffusion zone 11211 or as an independent diffusion zone.
  • the weight percentage of the rare earth elements in the second diffusion zone 11212 must be greater than 1.0% to ensure that the second diffusion zone 11212 has the minimum requirement for the coercive force of the permanent magnet 112, thereby ensuring that the second diffusion zone 11212 can improve the anti-demagnetization ability of the entire permanent magnet 112; at the same time, the weight percentage of the rare earth elements in the second diffusion zone 11212 is limited to less than 2.3%, which can reduce the cost of the permanent magnet 112 on the basis of ensuring that the second diffusion zone 11212 has a strong anti-demagnetization ability, thereby meeting the low cost requirement of the motor.
  • the permanent magnet 112 further includes a non-diffusion zone 11214, in which the weight of the rare earth element in the non-diffusion zone 11214 accounts for a percentage of g 3 of the weight of the permanent magnet 112, and g 3 ⁇ g 1 , g 3 ⁇ g 2 .
  • the non-diffusion zone 11214 refers to a region in the permanent magnet 112 where the slurry containing the rare earth element has not penetrated or diffused, and the mass percentage of the rare earth element in the non-diffusion zone 11214 is less than the mass percentage of the rare earth element in the first diffusion zone 11211 and the second diffusion zone, that is, the coercive force of the two diffusion zones 1121 is greater than the coercive force of the non-diffusion zone 11214. Therefore, the strength of the coercive magnetic field that the first diffusion zone 11211 and the second diffusion zone 11212 can resist is greater than the strength of the coercive magnetic field that the non-diffusion zone 11214 can resist.
  • the non-diffusion zone 11214 when the non-diffusion zone 11214 faces the risk of demagnetization, it can maintain its own magnetic induction intensity, thereby preventing the non-diffusion zone 11214 from irreversible demagnetization, thereby improving the anti-demagnetization ability of the permanent magnet 112, and improving its reliability while extending the service life of the permanent magnet 112.
  • the permanent magnet 112 further includes a plurality of third diffusion regions 11213, and the weight of the rare earth element in each third diffusion region 11213 accounts for a percentage of the weight of the permanent magnet 112 of g i , g i >g 3 .
  • the permanent magnet 112 may further include a plurality of third diffusion regions 11213, which may serve as a supplement to the first diffusion region 11211 and the second diffusion region 11212.
  • the mass percentage of the rare earth element in each diffusion region 1121 is greater than that of the non-diffusion region 11214, that is, the coercive force of the third diffusion region 11213 is greater than that of the non-diffusion region 11214.
  • the first diffusion region 11211, the second diffusion region 11212 and the third diffusion region 11213 can be simultaneously arranged in the permanent magnet 112, or can be arranged separately in the permanent magnet 112.
  • the permanent magnet 112 is easy to demagnetize at both ends of the width and the middle position of the width; in addition, the permanent magnet 112 is also easy to demagnetize at both ends of the length direction. Therefore, setting the diffusion region at the position where the permanent magnet 112 is easy to demagnetize can improve the anti-demagnetization and ensure the cost reduction at the same time.
  • the permanent magnet 112 includes a first diffusion region 11211 , a second diffusion region 11212 , and a third diffusion region 11213 , and the first diffusion region 11211 , the second diffusion region 11212 , and the third diffusion region 11213 form a U-shape.
  • the permanent magnet 112 includes a first diffusion region 11211 and a second diffusion region 11212 , and the first diffusion region The first diffusion region 11211 and the second diffusion region 11212 are respectively disposed at four corners of the permanent magnet 112 .
  • the permanent magnet 112 includes a first diffusion region 11211 , a second diffusion region 11212 and a third diffusion region 11213 , and the first diffusion region 11211 , the second diffusion region 11212 and the third diffusion region 11213 are respectively arranged in parallel on both sides and the middle of the permanent magnet 112 in a three-strip shape.
  • the permanent magnet 112 only includes the second diffusion region 11212 .
  • an embodiment proposes a motor 100, comprising a stator 120 and a rotor 110 of any technical solution of the first aspect, wherein: the stator 120 is composed of a stator core 121 and a winding 122, the stator core 121 is provided with a protrusion 1211 for fixing the winding 122, the winding 122 is formed by a coil surrounding the protrusion 1211, and the stator core 121 is arranged around the outer side of the rotor core 111 and forms a gap. Since the motor 100 includes the rotor 110 of any technical solution above, it has all the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the rotor 110.
  • an embodiment proposes a compressor, including a rotor 110 of any technical solution of the first aspect or a motor 100 of any technical solution of the second aspect. Since the compressor includes the rotor 110 or the motor 100 of any technical solution, it has all the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the rotor 110 or the motor 100.
  • an embodiment proposes a refrigerator, including a motor 100 of any technical solution of the second aspect or a compressor of any technical solution of the third aspect. Since the refrigerator includes the motor 100 or the compressor of any technical solution, it has all the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the motor 100 or the compressor.
  • the refrigerator also includes a pipeline, which is connected to the compressor, and the refrigerant circulates through the pipeline and the compression mechanism to achieve heat exchange refrigeration.
  • the refrigerator is an air conditioner.
  • a rotor 110 includes a rotor core 111, a permanent magnet 112 and a magnetic isolation bridge 113, wherein: a magnet slot 1111 is provided on the rotor core 111, and the permanent magnet 112 is installed in the magnet slot 1111.
  • the permanent magnet 112 is V-shaped, that is, two adjacent permanent magnets 112 are symmetrically distributed in a V-shape and form a group of permanent magnets 112.
  • the magnetic isolation bridge 113 is provided between the magnet slots 1111 where the permanent magnets 112 of adjacent groups are located, and no magnetic isolation bridge 113 is provided between the magnet slots 1111 where the two permanent magnets 112 in the same group are located.
  • a diffusion zone 1121 is provided on the plane where the width and thickness of the permanent magnet 112 are located, and the diffusion zone 1121 is provided on the plane where the width and thickness of the permanent magnet 112 are located.
  • the region 1121 includes a first diffusion region 11211 and a second diffusion region 11212, wherein the first diffusion region 11211 is arranged on one side of the width centerline of the permanent magnet 112, and the second diffusion region 11212 is arranged on the other side of the width centerline of the permanent magnet 112.
  • the rotor core 111 is formed by stacking a plurality of silicon steel sheets, and the permanent magnet 112 is radially magnetized.
  • a permanent magnet with a size/brand of 1.9 ⁇ 13 ⁇ 40/42SH is selected, and a slurry containing the rare earth element neodymium is coated on both ends of the permanent magnet along the length direction and subjected to high temperature treatment to form a first diffusion zone 11211 and a second diffusion zone 11212, which are evenly distributed in the entire area along the axial direction of the permanent magnet 112, thereby obtaining the permanent magnet 112 of this application example.
  • the weight proportion of the rare earth element neodymium in the first diffusion zone 11211 is 1.5%
  • the weight proportion of the rare earth element neodymium in the second diffusion zone 11212 is 1.5%
  • the non-diffusion zone does not contain the rare earth element neodymium.
  • a rotor 110 includes a rotor core 111, a permanent magnet 112 and a magnetic isolation bridge 113, wherein: a magnet slot 1111 is provided on the rotor core 111, a permanent magnet 112 is installed in the magnet slot 1111, the permanent magnet 112 is V-shaped, that is, two adjacent permanent magnets 112 are symmetrically distributed in a V-shape and form a group of permanent magnets 112, the magnetic isolation bridge 113 is provided between the magnet slots 1111 where the permanent magnets 112 of adjacent groups are located, and no magnetic isolation bridge 113 is provided between the magnet slots 1111 where the two permanent magnets 112 in the same group are located.
  • a diffusion area 1121 is provided on the plane where the width and thickness of the permanent magnet 112 are located, and the diffusion area 1121 includes a first diffusion area 11211 and a second diffusion area 11212, wherein: the first diffusion area 11211 is provided on one side of the width center line of the permanent magnet 112, and the second diffusion area 11212 is provided on the other side of the width center line of the permanent magnet 112.
  • the rotor core 111 is formed by stacking a plurality of silicon steel sheets, and the permanent magnets 112 are radially magnetized.
  • Comparative Example 1 uses a permanent magnet with a size/brand of 1.9 ⁇ 13 ⁇ 40/42SH, which is not coated with a slurry containing the rare earth element neodymium, does not contain a diffusion zone, and the motor parameters do not satisfy the operational relationship of formulas (1)-(4) of this application.
  • the demagnetization rate of the motor 100 and the intrinsic coercive force of the permanent magnet of the application example 1 and the comparative example 1 are tested, wherein the specific testing process of the demagnetization rate is as follows:
  • the magnetized saturated rotor 110 is placed at room temperature, and the magnetic flux ⁇ 0 of the rotor 110 is measured; then the rotor 110 after the initial magnetic flux test is placed in a constant temperature box for more than 4 hours, and the temperature of the constant temperature box is set to a specified temperature (130° C.); Then connect the test DC motor to the DC power supply, set the demagnetization current (43A, 50A, etc.) according to the preset demagnetization current value, take out the rotor 110 from the constant temperature box when ready, install the demagnetization test tooling, and rotate the rotor one circle under the DC demagnetization current; after completion, place the rotor 110 at room temperature for more than 4 hours, and then measure the temperature of the rotor 110 and the magnetic flux ⁇ 1 after demagnetization.
  • Demagnetization rate ( ⁇ i - ⁇ 0 )/ ⁇ 0 ⁇ 100%
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic flux of the rotor 110 at the beginning of the demagnetization test
  • ⁇ i is the magnetic flux of the rotor 110 after the demagnetization test at the i-th demagnetization current value.
  • Table 1 Performance comparison table of application example 1 and comparative example 1
  • the permanent magnet in the specific diffusion zone provided by the present application has an intrinsic coercive force increased by 150KA/m relative to the permanent magnet without diffusion; at the same time, the demagnetization rate of the motor provided by the present application at 50A/130°C can reach 2.57%, which is 35.33% lower than that of ordinary motors, greatly reducing the production cost of the motor.
  • the demagnetization effect of the motor is not good; when k1 is greater than 19.2 mm2 , k2 is greater than 19.2 mm2 , k3 is greater than 19.2 mm2 , and k4 is greater than 19.2 mm2 , the demagnetization effect of the motor is similar to that of Example 1, but the cost is much higher than that of Example 1, so the cost performance of the motor is not high, and the cost is increased.
  • the present application derives and verifies the relationship between the thickness y2 of the reasonable magnetic isolation bridge, the maximum length L1max of the first diffusion zone along the width direction of the permanent magnet, and the maximum length W1max of the first diffusion zone along the thickness direction of the magnet, and makes them satisfy the above formula.
  • the demagnetization rate of the permanent magnet of the rotor provided in the present application can reach 2.57% at 50A/130°C.
  • the term “multiple” refers to two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited.
  • the description of the terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “specific embodiments”, etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application.
  • the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

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  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

一种可以加强抗退磁性的转子(110)、电机(100)、压缩机和制冷机。转子(110)包括：转子铁芯(111)，设置有磁铁槽(1111)；多个永磁体(112)，设置于磁铁槽(1111)内，多个永磁体(112)围设于所述转子铁芯(111)上；隔磁桥(113)，设置于相邻永磁体(112)所在的磁铁槽(1111)之间；在永磁体(112)的宽度和厚度所在的平面上设置有第一扩散区(11211)和/或第二扩散区(11212)。

Description

一种可以加强抗退磁性的转子、电机、压缩机和制冷机
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年11月10日提交的申请号为202211403551.3、名称为“一种可以加强抗退磁性的转子、电机、压缩机和制冷机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于驱动装置技术领域，具体涉及一种可以加强抗退磁性的转子、电机、压缩机和制冷机。
背景技术
目前，空调压缩机大多采用变频电机，而变频电机则一般采用永磁电机，永磁电机转子的励磁方式是由磁铁励磁，由于现在永磁电机高功率密度的特点及降成本的需求，导致转子磁铁的抗退磁能力减弱，当磁铁发生不可逆退磁，将影响电机及压缩机的运行性能及可靠性，从而严重影响产品的使用寿命。
同时，磁铁中稀土元素的含量影响磁铁的剩磁和矫顽力，其中矫顽力的直接表现是抗退磁能力。当磁铁尺寸相同，搭载相同电机时，矫顽力低的磁铁，转子抗退磁能力差，转子失磁风险更高，且失磁更明显。因此，随着稀土材料价格的增长，稀土磁铁材料价格和电机成本直线上升。在保证电机可靠运行的前提下，磁铁和电机的降成本迫在眉睫。
因此，亟需设计出一种可有效解决上述技术缺陷的转子，在保证退磁可靠性及不增加永磁体体积的前提下，提高转子的抗退磁能力，进而提高电机的抗退磁能力，以降低生产成本。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少部分解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种可以加强抗退磁性的转子、电机、压缩机和制冷机。
根据本申请第一方面的转子包括：
转子铁芯，所述转子铁芯上设置有磁铁槽；
多个永磁体，所述永磁体设置于所述磁铁槽内，多个所述永磁体围设于所述转子铁芯上；
隔磁桥，设置于相邻所述永磁体所在的磁铁槽之间；
在所述永磁体的宽度和厚度所在的平面上设置有扩散区，所述扩散区包括：
第一扩散区，设置于所述永磁体宽度中心线的一侧；和/或
第二扩散区，设置于所述永磁体宽度中心线的另一侧；
所述第一扩散区和所述第二扩散区中均含有稀土元素；
其中：所述隔磁桥的厚度y2、所述第一扩散区沿所述永磁体宽度方向的最大长度L1max、所述第一扩散区沿所述永磁体厚度方向的最大长度W1max、和变量c满足以下公式(1)和公式(2)：
公式(1)：2c·y2·L1max＝k1、公式(2)：y2·W1max＝k3；
上述公式中：0.2≤k1≤19.2，0.2≤k3≤19.2；变量c选自0或1。
在一些实施例中，公式(1)和公式(2)中，1.6≤k1≤1.8，0.4≤k3≤0.6。
在一些实施例中，第二扩散区沿所述永磁铁宽度方向的最大长度L2max、第二扩散区沿所述永磁体厚度方向的最大长度W2max，并满足以下公式(3)和公式(4)：
公式(3)：2c·y2·L2max＝k2、公式(4)：y2·W2max＝k4；
上述公式中：0.2≤k2≤19.2，0.2≤k4≤19.2；变量c选自0或1。
在一些实施例中，公式(3)和公式(4)中，1.6≤k1≤1.8，0.4≤k3≤0.6。
在一些实施例中，所述永磁体为一字型，所述变量c为0。
在一些实施例中，所述永磁体为V字型，所述变量c为1。
在一些实施例中，所述隔磁桥的厚度y2的取值范围为0.2-2mm。
在一些实施例中，所述第一扩散区中各参数的取值范围满足以下任意之一或之二：1mm≤L1max≤25mm；1mm≤W1max≤5mm。
在一些实施例中，所述第一扩散区中各参数的取值范围满足以下任意之一或之二：1.2mm≤L1max≤1.8mm；1.5mm≤W1max≤2.3mm。
在一些实施例中，所述第二扩散区中各参数的取值范围满足以下任意之一或之二：1mm≤L2max≤25mm；1mm≤W2max≤5mm。
在一些实施例中，所述第二扩散区中各参数的取值范围满足以下任意之一或之二1.2mm≤L2max≤1.8mm；1.5mm≤W2max≤2.3mm。
在一些实施例中，所述第一扩散区和所述第二扩散区沿所述永磁体轴向方向全区域分布或局部分布。
在一些实施例中，在所述永磁体不同宽度和厚度所在截面上的所述扩散区相同或不同。
在一些实施例中，所述永磁体采用径向充磁或平行充磁。
在一些实施例中，所述转子铁芯由多个硅钢片层叠而成。
在一些实施例中，所述稀土元素包括镝、铽、镨、钕、铈中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，所述稀土元素包括镝、铽、钕中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，所述稀土元素均匀分布或者非均匀分布于所述扩散区中。
在一些实施例中，所述第一扩散区中稀土元素的含量占所述永磁体的质量百分比g1为1.0％-2.3％。
在一些实施例中，所述第二扩散区中稀土元素的含量占所述永磁体的质量百分比g2为1.0％-2.3％。
在一些实施例中，所述永磁体还包括非扩散区，所述非扩散区中稀土元素的重量占所述永磁体重量的百分比为g3，且g3<g1，g3<g2。
在一些实施例中，所述永磁体还包括若干个第三扩散区，所述第三扩散区设置于所述第一扩散区和第二扩散区之间，每个所述第三扩散区中稀土元素的重量占所述永磁体重量的百分比为gi，gi>g3。
在一些实施例中，所述永磁体包括所述第一扩散区、所述第二扩散区和所述第三扩散区，且所述第三扩散区设置于所述第一扩散区和所述第二扩散区之间，所述第一扩散区、所述第二扩散区和所述第三扩散区围合成回字型。
在一些实施例中，所述永磁体包括所述第一扩散区和所述第二扩散区，且所述第一扩散区和所述第二扩散区分别设置于永磁体的四个角部。
在一些实施例中，所述永磁体包括所述第一扩散区、所述第二扩散区和第所述三扩散区，且第一扩散区、第二扩散区和第三扩散区分别平行设置于永磁体的两侧和中部，呈三条型。
根据本申请第二方面的电机包括如本申请第一方面任一技术方案所述的转子。
根据本申请第三方面的压缩机包括如本申请第一方面任一技术方案所述的转子，或如本申请第二方面所述的电机。
搞好本申请第四方面的制冷机包括如本申请第二方面所述的电机，或如本申请第三方面所述的压缩机。
附图说明
图1为本申请一种实施例的一字型转子的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一种实施例的一定型转子的尺寸示意图；
图3为本申请一种实施例的V字型转子的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一种实施例的V定型转子的尺寸示意图；
图5为本申请一种实施例的V字型转子方向示意图；
图6为本申请一种实施例的转子中永磁体扩散区的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一种实施例的永磁体的回字型扩散区的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一种实施例的永磁体的四角型扩散区的结构示意图；
图9为本申请一种实施例的永磁体的三条型扩散区的结构示意图；
图10为本申请一种实施例的永磁体的单一扩散区的结构示意图；以及
图11为本申请一种实施例的电机的结构示意图。
附图中：100-电机，110-转子，111-转子铁芯，112-永磁体，113-隔磁桥，1111-磁铁槽，120-定子，121-定子铁芯，122-绕组，1211-凸起部，1121-扩散区，11211-第一扩散区，11212-第二扩散区，11213-第三扩散区，11214-非扩散区。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请进行具体描述，以便于所属技术领域的人员对本申请的理解。有必要在此特别指出的是，实施例只是用于对本申请做进一步说明，不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制，所属领域技术熟练人员，根据上述发明内容对本申请作出的非本质性的改进和调整，应仍属于本申请的保护范围。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请，但是本申请还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此本申请的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
另外，若本申请实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。
下面参照图1-11描述根据本申请一些实施例的转子、电机和压缩机。
实施例1
如图1所示，根据本申请的第一方面，实施例提出了一种转子110，包括转子铁芯111、多个永磁体112和隔磁桥113，转子铁芯111上设置有磁铁槽1111；永磁体112设置于磁铁槽1111内，每个永磁体112对应设置于相应的磁铁槽1111内，多个永磁体112围设于转子铁芯111上，永磁体112的个数由转子铁芯111的尺寸而定；隔磁桥113设置于相邻永磁体112所在的磁铁槽1111之间，起到隔磁的作用，可避免两个永磁体112之间的区 域出现漏磁的现象，降低转子110内部磁路错乱，有利于优化转子110结构，提升转子110的可靠性。
如图5所示，在永磁体112的宽度和厚度所在的平面上设置有扩散区1121，扩散区1121包括第一扩散区11211和/或第二扩散区11212，其中：第一扩散区11211设置于永磁体112宽度中心线的一侧，第二扩散区11212设置于永磁体112宽度中心线的另一侧。第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212是指在永磁体112的制造过程中，通过在永磁体112基体的表面涂覆一层含有稀土元素的浆料，以增强永磁体112的抗退磁性能。为满足不同抗磁性能的要求，可在永磁体112的宽度中心线的一侧涂覆稀土元素的浆料，形成第一扩散区11211；也可在永磁体112的宽度中心线的另一侧涂覆含有稀土元素的浆料，形成第二扩散区11212；或者在永磁体112的永磁体112宽度中心线的两侧同时涂覆含有稀土元素的浆料，形成第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212。此外，还可通过控制浆料中稀土元素的含量，以适应不同抗退磁性能的要求。
第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212中都含有稀土元素，由于稀土元素具有优异的能量密度、矫顽力和剩磁特性，将其制备成浆料并涂覆于永磁体112基体表面后，将渗透并扩散至永磁体112基体内部形成扩散区1121，且浆料中稀土元素的含量越高，则永磁体的抗退磁能力越强。同时，在永磁体基体的表面涂覆含有稀土元素的浆料后，还需进行高温处理(约800-950℃，10-18小时)，以进一步提高稀土元素与永磁体基体间的结合力，形成稳定的晶界状态，改进永磁体的矫顽力及其对温度的稳定性，从而提高永磁体112的抗退磁能力，进而提高电机的抗退磁能力。
如图2所示，转子110的退磁性能与隔磁桥113的厚度以及扩散区1121的尺寸有关，其中：隔磁桥113的厚度增加时，转子110抗退磁性能提升，在实现相同抗退磁性能的前提下，需要扩散区1121的面积减少；即隔磁桥113的厚度与扩散区1121的L1max、W1max、L2max或W2max成反比。因此，通过合理设置隔磁桥113的厚度y2、第一扩散区11211沿永磁铁宽度方向的最大长度L1max、第一扩散区11211沿磁铁厚度方向的最大长度W1max、第二扩散区11212沿永磁铁宽度方向的最大长度L2max、第二扩散区11212沿永磁体112厚度方向的最大长度W2max间的关系，并使之满足以下公式(1)-(2)或公式(1)-(4)的运算关系，可实现在保证退磁可靠性及不增永磁体112体积的前提下，可提高永磁体112局部抗退磁的能力，提高转子110的抗退磁能力，进而提高电机的抗退磁能力，以降低电机的生产成本。
公式(1)：2c·y2·L1max＝k1、公式(2)：y2·W1max＝k3；
公式(3)：2c·y2·L2max＝k2、公式(3)：y2·W2max＝k4；
上述公式中：0.2≤k1≤19.2，0.2≤k2≤19.2，0.2≤k3≤19.2，0.2≤k4≤19.2；变量c选自0或1。
实施例2
如图1所示，本申请的一个实施例中，在上述实施例1的基础上，永磁体112为一字型，变量c为0。
在该实施例中，永磁体112形状的选择主要是为了适应不同电机的性能需求，以扩大产品的使用范围。当永磁体112可为一字型时，主要是利用一字型永磁体112转子产生的磁密度具有较高的平均磁密度值和最大值，且一字型永磁体112具有较小的转矩脉动，在高转矩条件下性能更高。同时，当永磁体112采用一字型时，上述公式中对应变量c的取值为0。
如图3所示，永磁体112为V字型，变量c为1。永磁体112的形状为V字型，即两个相邻的永磁体112呈V字型对称分布并构成一组永磁体112，隔磁桥113设置于相邻组的永磁体112之间，同组内的两个永磁体112之间则未设置隔磁桥113，V字型分布的永磁体112相对于一字型的永磁体112更有利于增强转子的抗退磁能力。同时，当永磁体112采用V字型时，上述公式中对应变量c的取值为1。
实施例3
如图2和4所示，本申请的一个实施例中，在上述实施例1或2的基础上，隔磁桥113的厚度y2的取值范围为0.2-2mm。
在该实施例中，，通过控制隔磁桥113的厚度，以满足永磁体112间隔磁的需求。隔磁桥113的厚度需大于0.2mm，以保证隔磁桥113可满足转子110高速旋转产生的离心力对转子110结构的破坏，从而确保永磁体112的机械强度，提高转子110的可靠性；同时限定隔磁桥113的厚度需小于2mm，以降低同组永磁体112漏磁的风险及制造成本。
扩散区1121中各参数的取值范围任意满足以下一个或几个：1mm≤L1max≤25mm；1mm≤L2max≤25mm；1mm≤W1max≤5mm；1mm≤W2max≤5mm。在限定y2的取值范围的基础上，进一步限定扩散区1121中各参数第一扩散区11211沿永磁体112宽度方向的最大长度L1max、第一扩散区11211沿永磁体112厚度方向的最大长度W1max、第二扩散区11212沿永磁体112宽度方向的最大长度L2max、第二扩散区11212沿永磁体112厚度方向的最大长度W2max的范围值，以使其满足各公式中0.2≤k1≤19.2，0.2≤k2≤19.2，0.2≤k3≤19.2，0.2≤k4≤19.2， 从而实现在保证退磁可靠性及不增加永磁体112体积的前提下，提高永磁体112局部抗退磁的能力，提高转子110的抗退磁能力，进而提高电机的抗退磁能力，以降低电机的生产成本。
实施例4
如图1、3和6所示，本申请的一个实施例中，在上述实施例1至3任意一个的基础上，第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212沿永磁体112轴向方向全区域分布或局部分布。
在该实施例中，第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212可沿永磁体112轴向方向全区域分布或局部分布是指：第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212沿永磁体112长度方向的分布情况，其沿长度方向分布可以全区域分布，也可以部分区域分布，主要取决于永磁体112对于抗退磁性能的要求，部分区域分布主要是为了减小扩散区1121，从而降低成本。
永磁体112在宽度和厚度所在截面上的扩散区1121域相同或不同。通过在转子组件110上设置多个永磁体112，可以强化转子组件110的抗退磁能力，以进一步降低转子组件110出现不可逆退磁的可能性。同时，对于一片永磁体112，在不同的永磁体112长度上的宽度和厚度所在平面上，扩散区1121可以相同，也可以不相同，只需保证永磁体122的整体抗退磁能力即可。
永磁体112采用径向充磁或平行充磁。永磁体112的充磁方向可以为径向充磁，也可以为平行充磁，只需保证转子110上的每个永磁体112的充磁方向一致，且每个永磁体112中的第一扩散区11211、第二扩散区11212、第三扩散区11213和非扩散区11214的充磁方向一致即可。在非扩散区11214因外部磁场产生退磁现象时，抗退磁能力较强的第一扩散区11211、第二扩散区11212和第三扩散区11213可保证自身的磁性，从而通过第一扩散区11211、第二扩散区11212和第三扩散区11213对非扩散区11214进行充磁，以避免永磁体112出现不可逆退磁的情况发生。
转子铁芯111由多个硅钢片层叠而成。转子铁芯111由多个硅钢片层叠而成，采用层叠的方式加工转子铁芯111，有利于减小涡流损耗。转子铁芯111在工作时，处于变化的磁场中，其内部感生的电流将导致能量损耗，该能量损耗称为涡流损耗。转子铁芯111由硅钢片叠压而成，可有效减少铁耗，提高转子110的可靠性。
实施例5
如图1和3所示，本申请的一个实施例中，在上述实施例1至4任意一个的基础上，稀土元素包括镝、铽、镨、钕、铈中的至少一种，且稀土元素均匀分布或者非均匀分布于永磁体112中。
在该实施例中，这些稀土元素具有优异的能量密度、矫顽力和剩磁特性，将其制备成浆料并涂覆于永磁体112基体表面后，将渗透并扩散至永磁体112基体内部形成扩散区1121，且浆料中稀土元素的含量越高，则永磁体112的抗退磁能力越强。同时，在永磁体112基体的表面涂覆含有稀土元素的浆料后，还需进行高温处理(约800-950℃，10-18小时)，以进一步提高稀土元素与永磁体112基体间的结合力，形成稳定的晶界状态，改进永磁体112的矫顽力及其对温度的稳定性，从而提高永磁体112的抗退磁能力，进而提高电机的抗退磁能力。将稀土元素(镝、铽、镨、钕、铈)渗透并扩散至永磁体112内，在高温处理的过程中，可与永磁体112内的过渡金属元素形成金属间化合物，过渡金属元素之间的强交换作用使得化合物具有较高的居里温度，过渡金属原子具有较大的磁矩保证化合物拥有较高的饱和磁化强度，而稀土元素局域的4f电子能够提供较强的各向异性，两类元素的综合效应，有利于提高永磁体112的矫顽力，从而增强永磁体112的抗退磁能力，进而提高电机的抗退磁能力。
稀土元素在永磁体112中的分布是指扩散区域中稀土元素的分布情况，扩散区域中稀土元素可以均匀分布也可以不均匀分布，主要取决于扩散工艺及永磁体112对于抗退磁性能的要求。当永磁体112对抗退磁性能的要求较高时，则需对永磁体112涂覆稀土元素含量较高的浆料，此时浆料的浓度高，渗透及扩散性不佳，易形成稀土元素的非均匀分布，从而在部分区域形成相对抗退磁能力更强的扩散区，进而提升电机100的整体抗退磁能力；当永磁体112对抗退磁性能的要求不高时，则可对永磁体112涂覆稀土元素含量较低的浆料，此时浆料的浓度低，渗透及扩散性良好，易形成稀土元素的均匀分布，从而在扩散区形成均衡的抗退磁区域，亦可有效提升电机100的整体抗退磁能力。
实施例6
如图1和3所示，本申请的一个实施例中，在上述实施例1至5任意一个的基础上，第一扩散区11211中稀土元素的重量占永磁体112重量的百分比g1为1.0％-2.3％。
在该实施例中，通过控制第一扩散区11211中稀土元素的质量占比范围，以满足电机的低成本需求。第一扩散区11211的稀土元素的重量百分比需大于1.0％，以保证第一扩散区11211具备可满足永磁体112矫顽力的最低需求，从而确保第一扩散区11211可以提升整个永磁体112的抗退磁能力；同时限定第一扩散区11211的稀土元素的重量百分比需小于2.3％，可以在保证第一扩散区11211具备较强抗退磁能力的基础上，减少永磁体112的成本，从而满足电机的低成本需求。
第二扩散区11212中稀土元素的重量占永磁体112重量的百分比g2为1.0％-2.3％。第 二扩散区11212中的稀土元素的重量占比与第一扩散区11211中的稀土元素的重量占比相同，可作为第一扩散区11211的补充或独立作为扩散区。同时，第二扩散区11212的稀土元素的重量百分比需大于1.0％，以保证第二扩散区11212具备可满足永磁体112矫顽力的最低需求，从而确保第二扩散区11212可以提升整个永磁体112的抗退磁能力；同时限定第二扩散区11212的稀土元素的重量百分比需小于2.3％，可以在保证第二扩散区11212具备较强抗退磁能力的基础上，减少永磁体112的成本，从而满足电机的低成本需求。
永磁体112还包括非扩散区11214，非扩散区11214中稀土元素的重量占永磁体112重量的百分比为g3，且g3<g1，g3<g2。非扩散区11214是指永磁体112中含稀土元素的浆料未渗透或扩散至的区域，非扩散区11214中稀土元素的质量占比小于第一扩散区11211和第二扩散中的稀土元素的质量占比，即两个扩散区1121的矫顽力均大于非扩散区11214的矫顽力。因此，第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212所能抵御的矫顽磁场的强度大于非扩散区11214所能抵御的矫顽磁场的强度，从而在非扩散区11214面临退磁风险时，可保持自身的磁感应强度，进而阻止非扩散区11214发生不可逆退磁，以实现提升永磁体112抗退磁能力，在延长永磁体112使用寿命的同时，提高其可靠性。
如图6所示，永磁体112还包括若干个第三扩散区11213，每个第三扩散区11213中稀土元素的重量占永磁体112重量的百分比为gi，gi>g3。永磁体112除可包括第一扩散区11211和/或第二扩散区11212外，还可包括若干个第三扩散区11213，可作为第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212的补充。同时，每个扩散区1121中稀土元素的质量占比均大于非扩散区11214，即第三扩散区11213的矫顽力大于非扩散区11214的矫顽力。通过设置质量占比不同的第三扩散区11213和非扩散区11214，可以在每个永磁体112上形成退磁能力不同的第三扩散区11213和非扩散区11214，以通过梯度抗退磁区域强化永磁体112的抗退磁性能，进而降低永磁体112出现不可逆退磁问题的发生。
如图7-10所示，第一扩散区11211、第二扩散区11212和第三扩散区11213可同时设置于永磁体112中，也可单独设置于永磁体112中，对于永磁电机来说，在永磁体112宽度和厚度所在平面上，永磁体112容易在宽度两端退磁，以及宽度中间位置退磁；此外，永磁体112还容易在长度方向两端退磁。因此，在永磁体112容易退磁的位置设置扩散区既可以提高抗退磁性，同时保证降低成本。
如图7所示，永磁体112包括第一扩散区11211、第二扩散区11212和第三扩散区11213，且第一扩散区11211、第二扩散区11212和第三扩散区11213围合成回字型。
如图8所示，永磁体112包括第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212，且第一扩散区 11211和第二扩散区11212分别设置于永磁体112的四个角部。
如图9所示，永磁体112包括第一扩散区11211、第二扩散区11212和第三扩散区11213，且第一扩散区11211、第二扩散区11212和第三扩散区11213分别平行设置于永磁体112的两侧和中部，呈三条型。
如图10所示，永磁体112中仅包括第二扩散区11212。
实施例7
如图11所示，根据本申请的第二个方面，实施例提出了一种电机100，包括定子120和第一方面任一技术方案的转子110，其中：定子120由定子铁芯121和绕组122组成，定子铁芯121设置有用于固定绕组122的凸起部1211，绕组122由线圈环绕凸起部1211而形成，定子铁芯121围设于转子铁芯111的外侧并形成间隙。由于电机100包括上述任一技术方案的转子110，因此具有该转子110所能实现的全部有益效果。
实施例8
如图11所示，根据本申请的第三个方面，实施例提出了一种压缩机，包括上述第一方面任一技术方案的转子110或上述第二方面任一技术方案的电机100，由于压缩机包括上述任一技术方案的转子110或电机100，因此具有该转子110或电机100所能实现的全部有益效果。
实施例9
如图11所示，根据本申请的第四个方面，实施例提出了一种制冷机，包括上述第二方面任一技术方案电机100或上述第三方面任一技术方案的压缩机，由于制冷机包括上述任一技术方案的电机100或压缩机，因此具有该电机100或压缩机所能实现的全部有益效果。
制冷机还包括管路，管路与压缩机相连通，冷媒经管路、压缩机构循环回路以实现换热制冷。具体地，制冷机为空调。
下面根据上述实施例1-6的转子，描述本申请一些实施例和对比例转子的具体应用。
应用例1
一种转子110，包括转子铁芯111、永磁体112和隔磁桥113，其中：转子铁芯111上设置有磁铁槽1111，永磁体112安装于磁铁槽1111内，永磁体112的形状为V字型，即两个相邻的永磁体112呈V字型对称分布并构成一组永磁体112，隔磁桥113设置于相邻组的永磁体112所在的磁铁槽1111之间，同组内的两个永磁体112所在的磁铁槽1111之间则未设置隔磁桥113。在永磁体112的宽度和厚度所在的平面上设有扩散区1121，扩散 区1121包括第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212，其中：第一扩散区11211设于永磁体112宽度中心线的一侧，第二扩散区11212设于永磁体112宽度中心线的另一侧。转子铁芯111采用多个硅钢片层叠而成，永磁体112为径向充磁。
选用尺寸/牌号为1.9×13×40/42SH的永磁体，在其沿长度方向的两端涂覆含稀土元素钕的浆料并进行高温处理，形成第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212并沿永磁体112的轴向方向全区域均匀分布，得本应用例的永磁体112。且第一扩散区11211中稀土元素钕的重量占比为1.5％，第二扩散区11212中稀土元素钕的重量占比为1.5％，非扩散区中不含稀土元素钕。
将隔磁桥113厚度y2为0.5mm、第一扩散区11211沿永磁体112宽度方向的最大长度L1max为3mm、第一扩散区11211沿永磁体112厚度方向的最大长度W1max为1.9mm、第二扩散区11212沿永磁体112宽度方向的最大长度L2max为3mm、第二扩散区11212沿永磁体112厚度方向的最大长度W2max为1.9mm、常数c为1代入上述公式(1)-(4)中计算得出：k1＝k2＝3mm2、k3＝k4＝0.95mm2。
对比例1
一种转子110，包括转子铁芯111、永磁体112和隔磁桥113，其中：转子铁芯111上设置有磁铁槽1111，永磁体112安装于磁铁槽1111内，永磁体112的形状为V字型，即两个相邻的永磁体112呈V字型对称分布并构成一组永磁体112，隔磁桥113设置于相邻组的永磁体112所在的磁铁槽1111之间，同组内的两个永磁体112所在的磁铁槽1111之间则未设置隔磁桥113。在永磁体112的宽度和厚度所在的平面上设有扩散区1121，扩散区1121包括第一扩散区11211和第二扩散区11212，其中：第一扩散区11211设于永磁体112宽度中心线的一侧，第二扩散区11212设于永磁体112宽度中心线的另一侧。转子铁芯111采用多个硅钢片层叠而成，永磁体112为径向充磁。
对比例1与应用例1的区别仅在于，对比例1选用尺寸/牌号为1.9×13×40/42SH的永磁体，该永磁体未涂覆含稀土元素钕的浆料，不含扩散区，且电机参数不满足本申请的公式(1)-(4)的运算关系。
性能测试
测试应用例1和对比例1的电机100的退磁率以及永磁体的内禀矫顽力，其中退磁率的具体的测试过程如下：
首先将充磁饱和的转子110放置室温，测量转子110磁通量φ0；接着测试完初始磁通量的转子110放到恒温箱内放置4个小时以上，恒温箱温度按规定温度(130℃)设定； 然后将试验用DC电机与直流电源连接，按预先设定的退磁电流值设定退磁电流(43A、50A等)，准备就绪后从恒温箱内取出转子110，安装退磁测试工装，在直流退磁电流下，转子旋转一周；完成后，将转子110放置在常温下4小时以上，然后测定转子110的温度和退磁后的磁通量φ1。
计算退磁率，计算公式如下：(计算时φi需采用到与φ0相同的温度)：
退磁率＝(φi-φ0)/φ0×100％
其中：φ0为退磁试验初始时的转子110的磁通量；φi为第i个退磁电流值下退磁试验后转子110的磁通量。测试结果如表1所示：
表1：应用例1和对比例1的性能对比表
由表1可知，本申请提供的具体扩散区的永磁体，相对无扩散的永磁体，其内禀矫顽力提高了150KA/m；同时本申请提供的电机在50A/130℃下的退磁率可达2.57％，相较普通电机，退磁率下降35.33％，大大降低了电机的生产成本。
此外，经大量实验发现，当电机的参数隔磁桥113的厚度y2、第一扩散区11211沿永磁铁宽度方向的最大长度L1max、第一扩散区11211沿磁铁厚度方向的最大长度W1max、第二扩散区11212沿永磁铁宽度方向的最大长度L2max、第二扩散区11212沿永磁体112厚度方向的最大长度W2max不满足上述公式(1)-(4)的运算关系时，均不利于电机成本的降低。具本地，当k1小于0.2mm2，k2小于0.2mm2，k3小于0.2mm2，k4小于0.2mm2，电机的退磁效果均不佳；当k1大于19.2mm2，k2大于19.2mm2，k3大于19.2mm2，k4大于19.2mm2，电机的退磁效果与实施例1相近，但成本却远远高于实施例1，因此电机的性价比不高，成本反而升高。
本申请的上述技术方案相对于现有技术，至少具有如下技术效果或优点：
(1)本申请依据转子的退磁性能与隔磁桥的厚度以及扩散区的尺寸有关，且隔磁桥的厚度与扩散区的L1max或W1max成反比，推导并验证了通过合理隔磁桥的厚度y2、第一扩散区沿所述永磁铁宽度方向的最大长度L1max、第一扩散区沿磁铁厚度方向的最大长度W1max间的关系，并使之满足上述公式，可实现在保证退磁可靠性及不增加永磁体体积的前提下，提高永磁体局部抗退磁能力，从而提高转子的抗退磁能力，进而提高电机的抗退磁的能力，降低电机的生产成本。
(2)本申请提供的转子，其永磁体在50A/130℃下的退磁率可达2.57％。
在本申请中，术语“多个”则指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或实例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
对于本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本领域技术人员根据本申请的揭示，对本申请做出的简单改进都应该在本申请的保护范围之内。上述实施例为本申请的优选实施例，凡与本申请类似的结构及所作的等效变化，均应属于本申请的保护范畴。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种转子，包括：
    转子铁芯(111)，所述转子铁芯(111)上设置有磁铁槽(1111)；
    多个永磁体(112)，所述永磁体(112)设置于所述磁铁槽(1111)内，多个所述永磁体(112)围设于所述转子铁芯(111)上；以及
    隔磁桥(113)，设置于相邻所述永磁体(112)所在的所述磁铁槽(1111)之间；
    在所述永磁体(112)的宽度和厚度所在的平面上设置有扩散区(1121)，所述扩散区(1121)包括：
    第一扩散区(11211)，设置于所述永磁体(112)宽度中心线的一侧；和/或
    第二扩散区(11212)，设置于所述永磁体(112)宽度中心线的另一侧；
    所述第一扩散区(11211)和所述第二扩散区(11212)中均含有稀土元素；
    其中：所述隔磁桥(113)的厚度y2、所述第一扩散区(11211)沿所述永磁体(112)宽度方向的最大长度L1max、所述第一扩散区(11211)沿所述永磁体(112)厚度方向的最大长度W1max和变量c满足以下公式(1)和公式(2)：
    公式(1):2c·y2·L1max＝k1、公式(2):y2·W1max＝k3；
    上述公式中：0.2≤k1≤19.2，0.2≤k3≤19.2；变量c选自0或1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转子，其中，所述第二扩散区(11212)沿所述永磁体(112)宽度方向的最大长度L2max、所述第二扩散区(11212)沿所述永磁体(112)厚度方向的最大长度W2max满足以下公式(3)和公式(4)：
    公式(3):2c·y2·L2max＝k2、公式(4):y2·W2max＝k4；
    上述公式中：0.2≤k2≤19.2，0.2≤k4≤19.2；变量c选自0或1。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的转子，其中，所述永磁体(112)为一字型，所述变量c为0。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的转子，其中，所述永磁体(112)为V字型，所述变量c为1。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任意一项所述的转子，其中，所述隔磁桥(113)的厚度y2的取值范围为0.2-2mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任意一项所述的转子，其中，所述第一扩散区(11211)和所述第二扩散区(11212)沿所述永磁体(112)轴向方向全区域分布或局部分布。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任意一项所述的转子，其中，在所述永磁体(112)不同宽度和厚度所在截面上的所述扩散区(1121)相同或不同。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任意一项所述的转子，其中，所述永磁体(112)采用径向充磁或平行充磁。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述的转子，其中，所述转子铁芯(111)由多个硅钢片层叠而成。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任意一项所述的转子，其中，所述稀土元素包括镝、铽、镨、钕、铈中的至少一种。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任意一项所述的转子，其中，所述稀土元素均匀分布或者非均匀分布于所述扩散区(1121)中。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任意一项所述的转子，其中，所述第一扩散区(11211)中稀土元素的含量占所述永磁体(112)的质量百分比g1为1.0％-2.3％。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的转子，其中，所述第二扩散区(11212)中稀土元素的含量占所述永磁体(112)的质量百分比g2为1.0％-2.3％。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的转子，其中，所述永磁体(112)还包括非扩散区(11214)，所述非扩散区(11214)中稀土元素的含量占所述永磁体(112)的质量百分比为g3，且g3<g1，g3<g2。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的转子，其中，所述永磁体(112)还包括若干个第三扩散区(11213)，所述第三扩散区设置于所述第一扩散区(11211)和所述第二扩散区(11212)之间，每个所述第三扩散区(11213)中稀土元素的含量占所述永磁体(112)的质量百分比为gi，且gi>g3。
  16. 一种电机，包括如权利要求1至15任意一项所述的转子。
  17. 一种压缩机，包括如权利要求1至15任意一项所述的转子，或如权利要求16所述的电机。
  18. 一种制冷机，包括如权利要求16所述的电机，或如权利要求17所述的压缩机。
PCT/CN2023/117022 2022-11-10 2023-09-05 一种可以加强抗退磁性的转子、电机、压缩机和制冷机 WO2024098922A1 (zh)

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JP2012004147A (ja) * 2010-06-14 2012-01-05 Honda Motor Co Ltd 磁石および回転機
CN112491177A (zh) * 2020-12-10 2021-03-12 华中科技大学 一种抗去磁转子及mw级永磁同步风力发电机
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CN113224862A (zh) * 2021-06-11 2021-08-06 华域汽车电动系统有限公司 局部扩散电机磁钢
CN114709952A (zh) * 2022-04-28 2022-07-05 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 转子组件、永磁电机和压缩机

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2012004147A (ja) * 2010-06-14 2012-01-05 Honda Motor Co Ltd 磁石および回転機
CN112531929A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2021-03-19 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 永磁体、转子结构、永磁电机及压缩机
CN112491177A (zh) * 2020-12-10 2021-03-12 华中科技大学 一种抗去磁转子及mw级永磁同步风力发电机
CN113035556A (zh) * 2021-03-04 2021-06-25 江西金力永磁科技股份有限公司 一种磁体性能梯度分布的r-t-b磁体的制备方法
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