WO2023184972A1 - 一种电机转子、电机、压缩机及空调器 - Google Patents

一种电机转子、电机、压缩机及空调器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023184972A1
WO2023184972A1 PCT/CN2022/129019 CN2022129019W WO2023184972A1 WO 2023184972 A1 WO2023184972 A1 WO 2023184972A1 CN 2022129019 W CN2022129019 W CN 2022129019W WO 2023184972 A1 WO2023184972 A1 WO 2023184972A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic isolation
magnetic
motor rotor
motor
periphery
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PCT/CN2022/129019
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张华锋
白淋元
周博
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珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023184972A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023184972A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of motor technology, and in particular to a motor rotor, a motor, a compressor and an air conditioner.
  • Permanent magnet synchronous motors have the characteristics of high torque density, low manufacturing cost, and wide high efficiency range. They have been widely used in the fields of compressors and home appliances and air conditioners. Compressor miniaturization is the development trend of compressors. In the field of compressor miniaturization, During the process, it is necessary to ensure the power density of the compressor motor, which will increase the torque pulsation of the motor. The increase in torque pulsation will directly affect the vibration and noise of the motor.
  • the present disclosure provides a motor rotor, a motor, a compressor and an air conditioner.
  • the torque ripple is reduced, thereby reducing the vibration and noise of the motor.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a motor rotor.
  • the motor rotor includes a rotor core.
  • a plurality of magnetic steel grooves are arranged in the axial direction of the rotor core.
  • the magnetic steel grooves are close to the motor rotor.
  • a magnetic isolation hole group is arranged on one side of the periphery, and the magnetic isolation hole group is symmetrical about the d-axis of the motor rotor; the magnetic isolation hole group includes a plurality of magnetic isolation holes, which are the first magnetic isolation holes provided on both sides and the two second magnetic isolation holes.
  • the width close to the periphery of the motor rotor is smaller than the width far away from the periphery of the motor rotor.
  • the second magnetic isolation holes are elongated, and the width of at least one second magnetic isolation hole gradually decreases from the direction away from the periphery of the motor rotor to the direction closer to the periphery of the motor rotor; the remaining second magnetic isolation holes are Equal width structure.
  • At least one second magnetic isolation hole includes at least two magnetic isolation hole segments, each magnetic isolation hole segment is a long strip of equal width, and the direction is from away from the periphery of the motor rotor to close to the periphery of the motor rotor. , the width of adjacent magnetic isolation hole segments decreases; the remaining second magnetic isolation holes have an equal-width structure.
  • At least one second magnetic isolation hole includes at least two magnetic isolation segments; among all the magnetic isolation segments, from a direction away from the periphery of the motor rotor to close to the periphery of the motor rotor, there is at least a width of one magnetic isolation segment. Decreasingly, the remaining magnetic isolation sections are long strips of equal width; the remaining second magnetic isolation holes are of equal width structure.
  • both ends of each second magnetic isolation hole are arc-shaped, the plurality of arcs close to the periphery of the motor rotor are located on the circumference of the first circle, and the plurality of arcs away from the periphery of the motor rotor are located on the circumference of the first circle.
  • the arcs are all located on the circumference of the second circle, and R1 ⁇ R2, where R1 is the radius of the first circle and R2 is the radius of the second circle.
  • the arc shapes at the two ends of each second magnetic isolation hole satisfy: R3>R4, where R3 is the radius of the end arc far away from the periphery of the motor rotor, and R4 is the radius close to the periphery of the motor rotor. The radius of the end arc.
  • the lengths of the plurality of magnetic isolation holes decrease sequentially along the direction from the center to both sides.
  • n magnetic isolation holes when there are 2n magnetic isolation holes, n magnetic isolation holes are located on one side of the d-axis, and n magnetic isolation holes are located on the other side of the d-axis; when there are 2n+1 magnetic isolation holes At this time, n magnetic isolation holes are located on one side of the d-axis, the other n magnetic isolation holes are located on the other side of the d-axis, and one magnetic isolation hole is located on the d-axis.
  • the angle between the magnetic isolation hole and the magnetic steel groove located on the d-axis is smaller than the angle between any other magnetic isolation hole and the magnetic steel groove.
  • the maximum gap L1 between the plurality of magnetic isolation holes and the periphery of the motor rotor satisfies: L1 ⁇ L2, where L2 is the width of the magnetic isolation bridge between the magnetic steel slot and the periphery of the rotor.
  • the minimum width of the magnetic isolation hole is D1
  • the width of the magnetic steel groove is D2, then 0.3D2 ⁇ D1 ⁇ 0.6D2.
  • both ends of the plurality of magnetic isolation holes are arc-shaped or polygonal.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a motor, which includes the above-mentioned motor rotor.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a compressor, which includes the above-mentioned motor.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an air conditioner, which includes the above-mentioned compressor.
  • the motor rotor of the present disclosure has at least the following beneficial effects:
  • each part of the at least one second magnetic isolation hole is limited so that it conforms to the direction of the lower magnetic path of each magnetic pole inside the motor rotor.
  • Such limitation can make the magnetic resistance under the rotor magnetic pole exactly positively correlated with the density of magnetic force lines. , which in turn allows more magnetic lines of force to circulate from the place where the magnetic resistance is relatively small under the magnetic pole, the magnetic density inside the rotor is more evenly distributed, and the magnetic density at the rotor magnet steel is more even; in this way, the present disclosure optimizes the magnetic circuit structure inside the rotor.
  • the magnetic isolation hole group is symmetrical about the d-axis of the motor rotor, which is conducive to the sinusoidal distribution of the motor back electromotive force, so that The motor runs smoothly.
  • the motor provided by the present disclosure is designed based on the above-mentioned motor rotor.
  • the beneficial effects please refer to the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned motor rotor, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the compressor provided by the present disclosure is designed based on the above-mentioned motor.
  • the beneficial effects please refer to the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned motor, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the air conditioner provided by the present disclosure is designed based on the above-mentioned compressor.
  • the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned compressor please refer to the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned compressor, which will not be described in detail here.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor rotor provided in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of position A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is another structural schematic diagram of a motor rotor provided in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is another structural schematic diagram of a motor rotor provided in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of C in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is another structural schematic diagram of a motor rotor provided in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a compressor provided in Embodiment 3 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 10 is a comparison diagram of the electromagnetic force of the motor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure and the electromagnetic force of an ordinary conventional motor;
  • FIG. 11 is a comparison diagram of the noise of the compressor provided in Embodiment 3 of the present disclosure and the noise of an ordinary conventional compressor.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connection, or integral connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • connection can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in this disclosure can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the motor rotor includes a rotor core 1.
  • a plurality of magnetic steel slots 2 are provided in the axial direction of the rotor core 1.
  • the magnetic steel slots 2 are arranged on one side close to the periphery of the motor rotor.
  • the width close to the periphery of the motor rotor is smaller than the width far away from the periphery of the motor rotor.
  • a coordinate system is established on the motor rotor.
  • This coordinate system rotates synchronously with the rotor, and the direction of the rotor magnetic field is taken as the d-axis; the motor rotor has There are multiple magnetic poles, and two magnetic steel slots 2 at a certain angle and symmetrical about the d-axis are symmetrically distributed under each magnetic pole; in this embodiment, it is defined along the radial direction of the rotor core 1, and the second magnetic isolation hole 32 is close to the motor.
  • the width of the rotor periphery is smaller than the width away from the motor rotor periphery, so that it conforms to the direction of the lower magnetic circuit of each magnetic pole inside the motor rotor.
  • Such a limitation can make the reluctance under the rotor magnetic poles exactly positively correlated with the magnetic field line density, thus making more
  • the magnetic lines of force flow from the place where the magnetic resistance is relatively small under the magnetic pole, the magnetic density inside the rotor is more evenly distributed, and the magnetic density at the rotor magnet steel is more uniform; in this way, the present disclosure optimizes the magnetic circuit structure inside the rotor and reduces the rotor magnetic density. mutation and harmonic content, thereby reducing the tooth torque pulsation, which can effectively suppress vibration and noise.
  • the magnetic isolation hole group 3 is symmetrical about the d-axis, which is beneficial to the sinusoidal distribution of the motor's back electromotive force and enables the motor to run smoothly.
  • the second magnetic isolation holes 32 are elongated, and the width of at least one second magnetic isolation hole 32 gradually decreases from the direction away from the periphery of the motor rotor to the direction closer to the periphery of the motor rotor. ; Specifically, the closer to the periphery of the motor rotor, the smaller the width of the second magnetic isolation hole 32.
  • This structure can be called a gradual structure; the remaining second magnetic isolation holes 32 are of equal width structure; that is to say, this structure
  • the second magnetic isolation hole 32 is either a gradual change structure or a combination of a gradual change structure and an equal-width structure; as shown in FIG.
  • the second magnetic isolation hole 32 has a gradual change structure and an equal-width structure.
  • the second magnetic isolation holes 32 located on the d-axis have a constant-width structure, and the remaining second magnetic isolation holes 32 have a gradual structure.
  • At least one second magnetic isolation hole 32 includes at least two magnetic isolation hole segments 321 , each of the magnetic isolation hole segments 321 is in the shape of a strip of equal width and is located away from the motor.
  • the widths of adjacent magnetic isolation hole sections 321 decrease; for better explanation, it is assumed that the second magnetic isolation hole 32 includes two magnetic isolation hole sections 321 , one for the first magnetic isolation hole section and the other for the first magnetic isolation hole section 321 . hole section and the second magnetic isolation hole section.
  • the first magnetic isolation hole section is closer to the periphery of the motor rotor. Its width is the same everywhere, assuming it is a.
  • the width of the second magnetic isolation hole section is the same everywhere, assuming it is b. Then a ⁇ b; assuming that the second magnetic isolation hole 32 includes three magnetic isolation hole segments 321, from the direction away from the periphery of the motor rotor to the direction closer to the rotor periphery, they are the first magnetic isolation hole segment, the second magnetic isolation hole segment and the third magnetic isolation hole segment.
  • the corresponding widths of the three magnetic isolation hole sections are divided into a, b and c, then a>b>c, this structure can be called a mutation type; the remaining second magnetic isolation holes 32 are of equal width structure; also That is to say, in this embodiment, the second magnetic isolation hole 32 is either a mutation structure, or a combination of a mutation structure and an equal-width structure.
  • At least one second magnetic isolation hole 32 includes at least two magnetic isolation segments; among all the magnetic isolation segments, the width of at least one magnetic isolation segment decreases from the direction away from the periphery of the motor rotor to the direction closer to the periphery of the motor rotor.
  • the second magnetic isolation hole 32 includes two magnetic isolation sections, namely the first magnetic isolation section and the second magnetic isolation section, from the periphery away from the motor rotor to the If the width of the first magnetic isolation section decreases toward the periphery of the motor rotor, the width of the second magnetic isolation section can decrease, or it can be a strip of equal width, but it needs to be ensured that the second magnetic isolation hole is not far away from the motor.
  • the overall width of the periphery of the rotor decreases toward the periphery of the motor rotor. This structure can be called a gradual change to a sudden change or a sudden change to a gradual change.
  • the remaining second magnetic isolation holes 32 are of equal width structure; also That is to say, in this embodiment, the second magnetic isolation hole 32 is either a gradual transition to a sudden change structure, a sudden change to a gradual change structure, a combination of a gradual change to a sudden change structure and an equal-width structure, or a sudden change. A combination of gradual transition structure and equal-width structure.
  • a plurality of second magnetic isolation holes 32 are provided. Both ends of the plurality of second magnetic isolation holes 32 are arc-shaped, and the plurality of arcs are close to the periphery of the motor rotor. are all located on the circumference of the first circle, and multiple arcs away from the periphery of the motor rotor are all located on the circumference of the second circle.
  • the first circle and the second circle intersect, R1 ⁇ R2, where R1 is the radius of the first circle, R2 is the radius of the second circle.
  • each second magnetic isolation hole 32 satisfy: R3>R4, where R3 is the radius of the end arc away from the periphery of the motor rotor, R4 is the radius of the end arc close to the periphery of the motor rotor.
  • Circular ports with smooth transitions are provided at both ends of the second magnetic isolation hole 32, which facilitates the smooth passage of the rotor magnetic circuit through the magnetic poles and reduces the influence of the motor armature magnetic field on the magnetic field under the rotor magnetic poles under heavy-load and high-load conditions of the compressor. It can still operate safely under heavy-duty and high-load conditions, increasing the motor's anti-demagnetization ability.
  • the magnetic isolation hole group 3 is symmetrical about the d-axis of the motor rotor.
  • the lengths of the multiple magnetic isolation holes decrease in sequence; the length of the magnetic isolation holes is from the center of symmetry to both sides. Gradually decreases, and both ends are located on the circle. This structure can better adapt to the spatial structure under the magnetic poles of the motor rotor.
  • n magnetic isolation holes when there are 2n magnetic isolation holes, n magnetic isolation holes are located on one side of the d-axis, and the other n magnetic isolation holes are located on the other side of the d-axis; when there are 2n+1 magnetic isolation holes When, n magnetic isolation holes are located on one side of the d-axis, n magnetic isolation holes are located on the other side of the d-axis, and one magnetic isolation hole is located on the d-axis; for better explanation, the following specific examples are given Example:
  • the isolation holes there are 8 magnetic isolation holes, 4 of which are located on one side of the d-axis, and the other 4 magnetic isolation holes are located on the other side of the d-axis; in another embodiment, the isolation holes are There are 9 magnetic holes, 4 of which are located on one side of the d-axis, the other four are located on the other side of the d-axis, and the last 1 magnetic hole is located on the d-axis and on the d-axis The magnetic isolation hole is symmetrical about the d-axis.
  • the angle between the magnetic isolation hole on the shaft and the magnetic steel groove 2 is smaller than the angle between any other magnetic isolation hole and the magnetic steel groove 2 .
  • the magnetic isolation holes located on the same side of the d-axis include several second magnetic isolation holes 32 and one first magnetic isolation hole 31.
  • several second magnetic isolation holes The angle between the magnetic hole 32 and a first magnetic isolation hole 31 and the magnetic steel slot 2 increases successively; the angle setting of the magnetic isolation hole makes the magnetic isolation hole have a divergent shape, which just conforms to the movement from the stator to the inside of the rotor.
  • the sector-shaped area of the V-shaped magnetic steel groove allows the magnetic field generated by the stator teeth to better couple with the magnetic field of the rotor's magnetic steel.
  • the magnetic field density change waveform of the air gap magnetic field in the middle is also close to a sine wave, which can optimize the air gap. The magnetic density waveform reduces the motor slot torque.
  • the magnetic isolation hole group 3 when the magnetic isolation hole group 3 includes 7 magnetic isolation holes, the middlemost magnetic isolation hole is located on the d-axis, which is called the axis magnetic isolation hole, and the magnetic isolation holes on the d-axis side
  • the holes in order from the direction close to the d axis to the direction away from the d axis, are the magnetic isolation hole a, the magnetic isolation hole b and the magnetic isolation hole c.
  • the magnetic isolation hole a, the magnetic isolation hole b and the magnetic isolation hole c are related to the magnetic field on this side.
  • the angles between the steel grooves 2 are ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 respectively.
  • the angle between the magnetic isolation hole located on the d axis and the magnetic steel groove 2 is b, then a1>a2>a3 ⁇ b.
  • the maximum gap L1 between the multiple magnetic isolation holes and the periphery of the motor rotor satisfies: L1 ⁇ L2, where L2 is the width of the magnetic isolation bridge between the magnetic steel slot 2 and the periphery of the rotor;
  • L2 is the width of the magnetic isolation bridge between the magnetic steel slot 2 and the periphery of the rotor;
  • the maximum gap L1 between the magnetic isolation holes and the periphery of the motor rotor is smaller than the width of the magnetic isolation bridge between the magnetic steel slot 2 and the periphery of the rotor. In this way, the magnetic resistance between the magnetic isolation holes and the periphery of the stator will be relatively large, which can limit the magnetic flux lines from the stator.
  • the minimum width of the magnetic isolation hole is D1
  • the width of the magnetic steel groove 2 is D2, then 0.3D2 ⁇ D1 ⁇ 0.6D2; this magnetic isolation hole structure can increase the demagnetization capacity of the motor and increase the operation efficiency of the motor. Reliability has improved the performance of the motor to a certain extent, which is equivalent to the performance of larger motors, but uses less materials and is cheaper. Therefore, it has a cost advantage while ensuring the reliability of the motor.
  • both ends of the plurality of magnetic isolation holes are arc-shaped or polygonal; that is to say, each magnetic isolation hole forming the magnetic isolation hole group 3 can be cylindrical or triangular. , square prism and other polygonal prism structures, but no matter what kind of structure it is, it must satisfy that the width of the second magnetic isolation hole 32 close to the periphery of the motor rotor is smaller than the width far away from the periphery of the motor rotor.
  • the first magnetic isolation hole 31 can be an elongated hole of equal width, or can be similar to the second magnetic isolation hole 32 .
  • the width decreases.
  • the motor rotor provided in this embodiment has a structure in which the two ends of the magnetic isolation holes are on a circle, and a magnetic barrier is set under each magnetic pole of the rotor, thereby improving the magnetic density distribution under each magnetic pole of the rotor and reducing the magnetic density harmonics of the air gap of the stator and rotor of the motor.
  • This embodiment provides a motor, which includes the motor rotor of Embodiment 1; as shown in FIG. 8 , the motor also includes a stator 4, and the motor rotor is located in the stator core.
  • the radial electromagnetic force and tangential electromagnetic force of the motor in this embodiment are compared with those of ordinary conventional motors.
  • the premise of the comparison is: the difference between the motor in this embodiment and ordinary conventional motors It is just that: in the motor of this embodiment, the width of the second magnetic isolation hole 32 gradually decreases from the direction away from the periphery of the motor rotor to the direction close to the periphery of the motor rotor, while the second magnetic isolation holes of ordinary conventional motors are of the same width. Except for this, the other parameters are the same; the comparison results are shown in Figure 10. Compared with ordinary conventional motors, the radial electromagnetic force of the motor provided by this embodiment is reduced by about 10%, and the tangential electromagnetic force is reduced by about 22%.
  • the motor rotor in Embodiment 1 is applied to the motor.
  • the radial electromagnetic force and tangential electromagnetic force at each order and multiple frequency when the motor is running are reduced. This improves the overall performance of the motor.
  • This embodiment provides a compressor. As shown in FIG. 9 , the compressor includes the motor of Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 11 shows the total value noise change curve within the national standard 1.2K. From the figure, it can be It can be seen that the noise of the compressor provided by this embodiment is significantly lower than that of ordinary conventional compressors.
  • the motor in Embodiment 2 is applied to a compressor.
  • a magnetic barrier is set under each magnetic pole of the rotor, thereby improving the magnetic density distribution under each magnetic pole of the rotor and reducing the size of the motor.
  • the magnetic density harmonic content of the stator and rotor air gap reduces the high-order and high-frequency radial electromagnetic force and tangential electromagnetic force when the motor is running, thereby reducing the vibration and noise when the motor is running; at the same time, it can optimize the magnetic field under the rotor poles.
  • the compressor reduces the influence of the motor armature magnetic field on the magnetic field under the rotor pole under heavy-load and high-load conditions of the compressor. It can still operate safely under heavy-load and high-load conditions and increases the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor.
  • This embodiment provides an air conditioner, which includes the compressor of Embodiment 3.

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Abstract

本公开属于电机技术领域，公开了一种电机转子、电机、压缩机及空调器，电机转子包括轴向设置多个磁钢槽的转子铁芯，磁钢槽靠近电机转子外围的一侧布设有关于电机转子的d轴对称的隔磁孔组；隔磁孔组包括设置在两侧的第一隔磁孔和位于两个第一隔磁孔之间的第二隔磁孔，至少有一个第二隔磁孔满足靠近电机转子外围的宽度小于远离电机转子外围的宽度。对第二隔磁孔的宽度进行限定，使其顺应电机转子内部的各磁极的下磁路的走向，进而使转子磁极下的磁阻与磁力线密度正相关，使得更多的磁力线从磁极下磁阻相对小的地方流通，转子内部磁密均匀分布，转子磁钢处的磁密更加均匀，降低转子磁密突变与谐波含量，从而降低槽齿转矩脉动，抑制震动以及噪音。

Description

一种电机转子、电机、压缩机及空调器
本公开要求于2022年03月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210333796.7、发明名称为“一种电机转子、电机、压缩机及空调器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电机技术领域，特别是涉及一种电机转子、电机、压缩机及空调器。
背景技术
永磁同步电机具有转矩密度高、制造成本低、高效率区宽等特征，已被广泛应用于压缩机以及家电空调领域；压缩机小型化是压缩机发展的趋势，在压缩机小型化的过程中，需要保证压缩机电机的功率密度，而随之带来的则是电机转矩脉动的增大，转矩脉动增大后将直接影响电机的振动及噪音。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开提供一种电机转子、电机、压缩机及空调器，通过对隔磁孔的宽度进行限定，降低转矩脉动，进而减小电机的振动和噪音。
为了解决上述问题，根据本公开的一个方面，本公开的实施例提供了一种电机转子，电机转子包括转子铁芯，转子铁芯的轴向设置多个磁钢槽，磁钢槽靠近电机转子外围的一侧布设有隔磁孔组，隔磁孔组关于电机转子的d轴对称；隔磁孔组包括多个隔磁孔，为设置在两侧的第一隔磁孔和位于两个第一隔磁孔之间的第二隔磁孔，至少有一个第二隔磁孔满足：靠近电机转子外围的宽度小于远离电机转子外围的宽度。
在一些实施例中，第二隔磁孔为长条状，且从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围的方向，至少有一个第二隔磁孔的宽度逐渐递减；其余第 二隔磁孔为等宽结构。
在一些实施例中，至少有一个第二隔磁孔包括至少两个隔磁孔段，每个隔磁孔段为等宽的长条状，且从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围的方向，相邻的隔磁孔段的宽度递减；其余第二隔磁孔为等宽结构。
在一些实施例中，至少有一个第二隔磁孔包括至少两个隔磁段；在所有隔磁段中，从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围的方向，至少有一个隔磁段的宽度递减，其余隔磁段为等宽的长条状；其余第二隔磁孔为等宽结构。
在一些实施例中，每个第二隔磁孔的两个端部均为圆弧形，靠近电机转子外围的多个圆弧均位于第一圆的圆周上，远离电机转子外围的多个圆弧均位于第二圆的圆周上，且R1≤R2，其中，R1为第一圆的半径，R2为第二圆的半径。
在一些实施例中，每个第二隔磁孔两个端部的圆弧形满足：R3＞R4，其中，R3为远离电机转子外围的端部圆弧的半径，R4为靠近电机转子外围的端部圆弧的半径。
在一些实施例中，沿着从中心向两侧的方向，多个隔磁孔的长度依次递减。
在一些实施例中，当隔磁孔有2n个时，其中n个隔磁孔位于d轴的一侧，另外n个隔磁孔位于d轴的另外一侧；当隔磁孔有2n+1个时，其中n个隔磁孔位于d轴的一侧，另外n个隔磁孔位于d轴的另外一侧，一个隔磁孔位于d轴上。
在一些实施例中，位于d轴同一侧的隔磁孔与该侧的磁钢槽之间均存在夹角，且夹角随着隔磁孔越靠近d轴而越小。
在一些实施例中，位于d轴上的隔磁孔与磁钢槽之间的夹角小于其余任一隔磁孔与磁钢槽之间的夹角。
在一些实施例中，多个隔磁孔和电机转子外围的最大间隙L1满足：L1＜L2，其中L2为磁钢槽与转子外围之间的隔磁桥宽度。
在一些实施例中，隔磁孔的最小宽度为D1，磁钢槽的宽度为D2，则0.3D2≤D1≤0.6D2。
在一些实施例中，多个隔磁孔的两个端部均为弧形或者多边形。
根据本公开的另一个方面，本公开的实施例提供了一种电机，电机包括上述的电机转子。
根据本公开的另一个方面，本公开的实施例提供了一种压缩机，压缩机包括上述的电机。
根据本公开的另一个方面，本公开的实施例提供了一种空调器，空调器包括上述的压缩机。
与相关技术相比，本公开的电机转子至少具有下列有益效果：
对至少一个第二隔磁孔的每个部分的宽度进行限定，使其顺应电机转子内部的各磁极的下磁路的走向，这样的限定能够使转子磁极下的磁阻与磁力线密度正好正相关，进而使得更多的磁力线从磁极下磁阻相对小的地方流通，转子内部磁密更均匀分布，转子磁钢处的磁密更加均匀；本公开通过这种方式优化了转子内部的磁路结构，降低转子磁密突变与谐波含量，从而降低槽齿转矩脉动，可有效抑制震动以及噪音；并且，隔磁孔组关于电机转子的d轴对称，有利于电机反电势正弦化分布，使得电机平稳运行。
另一方面，本公开提供的电机是基于上述电机转子而设计的，其有益效果参见上述电机转子的有益效果，在此，不一一赘述。
另一方面，本公开提供的压缩机是基于上述电机而设计的，其有益效果参见上述电机的有益效果，在此，不一一赘述。
另一方面，本公开提供的空调器是基于上述压缩机而设计的，其有益效果参见上述压缩机的有益效果，在此，不一一赘述。
上述说明仅是本公开技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本公开的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本公开的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1是本公开的实施例1提供的一种电机转子的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A处的局部放大图；
图3是本公开的实施例1提供的一种电机转子另外一种结构示意图；
图4是图3中B处的局部放大图；
图5是本公开的实施例1提供的一种电机转子另外一种结构示意图；
图6是图5中C处的局部放大图；
图7是本公开的实施例1提供的一种电机转子另外一种结构示意图；
图8是本公开的实施例2提供的一种电机的结构示意图；
图9是本公开的实施例3提供的一种压缩机的结构示意图；
图10是本公开实施2提供的电机的电磁力与普通常规电机的电磁力的对比图；
图11是本公开的实施例3提供的压缩机的噪音与普通常规压缩机的噪音的对比图。
其中：
1、转子铁芯；2、磁钢槽；3、隔磁孔组；4、定子；31、第一隔磁孔；32、第二隔磁孔；321、隔磁孔段。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本公开为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效，以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本公开申请的具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如后。在下述说明中，不同的“一实施例”或“实施例”指的不一定是同一实施例。此外，一或多个实施例中的特定特征、结构、或特点可由任何合适形式组合。
在本公开的描述中，需要明确的是，本公开的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序；术语“垂直”、“横向”、“纵向”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”、“下”、“水平”等指示方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅仅是为了便于描述本公开，而不是意味着所指的装置或元件必须具有特有的方位或位置，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种电机转子，如图1所示，电机转子包括转子铁芯1，转子铁芯1的轴向设置多个磁钢槽2，磁钢槽2靠近电机转子外围的一侧布设有隔磁孔组3，隔磁孔组3关于电机转子的d轴对称；隔磁孔组3包括多个隔磁孔，为设置在两侧的第一隔磁孔31和位于两个第一隔磁孔31之间的第二隔磁孔32，至少有一个第二隔磁孔32满足：靠近电机转子外围的宽度小于远离电机转子外围的宽度。
具体地，在永磁同步电机控制中,为了能够得到类似直流电机的控制特性，在电机转子上建立了一个坐标系,此坐标系与转子同步转动，取转子磁场方向为d轴；电机转子有多个磁极，每个磁极下对称分布着两个成一定角度且关于d轴对称的磁钢槽2；本实施例中限定沿着转子铁芯1的径向，第二隔磁孔32靠近电机转子外围的宽度小于远离电机转子外围的宽度，使其顺应电机转子内部的各磁极的下磁路的走向，这样的限定能够使转子磁极下的磁阻与磁力线密度正好正相关，进而使得更多的磁力线从磁极下磁阻相对小的地方流通，转子内部磁密更均匀分布，转子磁钢处的磁密更加均匀；本公开通过这种方式优化了转子内部的磁路结构，降低转子磁密突变与谐波含量，从而降低槽齿转矩脉动，可有效抑制震动以及噪音。
并且，转子磁极下的隔磁孔组3不对称分布会导致电机转子磁密分布不均匀，导致气隙磁密畸变程度增强，不利于电机反电势正弦化分布，进而影响电机平稳运行，因此本实施例中隔磁孔组3关于d轴对称，有利于电机反电势正弦化分布，使得电机平稳运行。
在具体实施例中，为了实现第二隔磁孔32靠近电机转子外围的宽度小于远离电机转子外围的宽度，有多种不同的具体结构，具体如下：
第一种，如图1和图2所示，第二隔磁孔32为长条状，且从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围的方向，至少一个第二隔磁孔32的宽度逐渐递减；具体地，越靠近电机转子的外围，第二隔磁孔32的宽度越小，这种结构可以称之为渐变式结构；其余第二隔磁孔32为等宽结构；也就是说，本实施例中第二隔磁孔32要么为渐变式结构，要么为渐变式结构和等宽结构的组合搭配；如图6所示中的第二隔磁孔32即为渐变式结构和等宽结构的组合搭配，其中位于d轴上的第二隔磁孔32为等宽结构，其余的第二隔 磁孔32为渐变式结构。
第二种，如图3和图4所示，至少一个第二隔磁孔32包括至少两个隔磁孔段321，每个隔磁孔段321为等宽的长条状，且从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围的方向，相邻的隔磁孔段321的宽度递减；为了更好的说明，假设第二隔磁孔32包括两个隔磁孔段321，分别为第一隔磁孔段和第二隔磁孔段，第一隔磁孔段更靠近电机转子的外围，其每处的宽度相同，假设为a，第二隔磁孔段每处的宽度相同，假设为b，则a＜b；假设第二隔磁孔32包括三个隔磁孔段321，从远离电机转子外围向靠近转子外围的方向，分别为第一隔磁孔段、第二隔磁孔段和第三隔磁孔段，其对应的宽度分为为a、b和c，则有a＞b＞c，这种结构可以称之为突变式；其余第二隔磁孔32为等宽结构；也就是说，本实施例中第二隔磁孔32要么为突变式结构，要么为突变式结构和等宽结构的组合搭配。
第三种，至少一个第二隔磁孔32包括至少两个隔磁段；在所有隔磁段中，从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围的方向，至少有一个隔磁段的宽度递减，其余为等宽的长条状；为了更好的说明情况，假设第二隔磁孔32包括两个隔磁段，分别为第一隔磁段和第二隔磁段，从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围的方向，第一隔磁段的宽度递减，则第二第二隔磁段的宽度可以递减，也可以为等宽的长条状，但需要保证第二隔磁孔从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围的方向，其宽度整体趋势是递减的，这种结构可以称之为渐变式转突变式或者突变式转渐变式；其余第二隔磁孔32为等宽结构；也就是说，本实施例中第二隔磁孔32要么为渐变式转突变式结构、要么为突变式转渐变式结构、要么为渐变式转突变式结构和等宽结构的组合搭配、要么为突变式转渐变式结构和等宽结构的组合搭配。
在具体实施例中，如图7所示，第二隔磁孔32设置多个，多个第二隔磁孔32的两个端部均为圆弧形，靠近电机转子外围的多个圆弧均位于第一圆的圆周上，远离电机转子外围的多个圆弧均位于第二圆的圆周上，第一圆和第二圆相交，R1≤R2，其中，R1为第一圆的半径，R2为第二圆的半径。
通过这种将第二隔磁孔32的两端点设置在圆上的结构，在转子各个磁极下设置隔磁孔，通过增加与电机转子尺寸相配合大小的磁障，设置更优的磁路通道，使转子内部的磁密不会集中出现磁密过高的地方，优化了磁 密分布，改善转子各磁极下磁密分布，减小电机定转子气隙的磁密谐波含量，进一步降低电机运行时的各阶次各倍频的径向电磁力与切向电磁力，从而降低电机及压缩机运行时的振动以及噪声。
在具体实施例中，如图2所示，每个第二隔磁孔32两个端部的圆弧形满足：R3＞R4，其中，R3为远离电机转子外围的端部圆弧的半径，R4为靠近电机转子外围的端部圆弧的半径。在第二隔磁孔32的两端设置圆滑过渡的圆形端口，有利于转子磁路平滑通过磁极，减少压缩机在重载高负荷工况下电机电枢磁场对转子磁极下磁场的影响，在重载高负荷工况下仍能安全运行，增加电机的抗退磁能力。
在具体实施例中，隔磁孔组3关于电机转子的d轴对称，沿着从中心向两侧的方向，多个隔磁孔的长度依次递减；隔磁孔的长度从对称中心往两侧逐渐减小，并且两端都位于圆上，这样的结构可以更好的适应电机转子磁极下的空间结构，同时因为在磁极中间处的磁力线线更加密集，通过增加该磁路下的磁阻，通过电机磁极下的磁力线不会只是集中在一部分区域，使得定子绕组产生的磁通更好的与转子的磁极耦合，减小产生反电势谐波，反电势更接近正弦波，减少反电势谐波含量，减小电机损耗，提升电机效率。
在具体实施例中，当隔磁孔有2n个时，其中n个隔磁孔位于d轴的一侧，另外n个隔磁孔位于d轴的另外一侧；当隔磁孔有2n+1个时，其中n个隔磁孔位于d轴的一侧，另外n个隔磁孔位于d轴的另外一侧，一个隔磁孔位于d轴上；为了更好的进行说明解释，举如下具体实施例：
在其中一个实施例中，隔磁孔有8个，则其中4个隔磁孔位于d轴的一侧，另外4个隔磁孔位于d轴的另外一侧；在另外一个实施例中，隔磁孔有9个，则其中4个隔磁孔位于d轴的一侧，另外四个隔磁孔位于d轴的另外一侧，最后1个隔磁孔位于d轴上，且位于d轴上的隔磁孔关于d轴对称。
在具体实施例中，位于d轴同一侧的隔磁孔与该侧的磁钢槽2之间均存在夹角，且夹角随着隔磁孔越靠近d轴而越小；并且，位于d轴上的隔磁孔与磁钢槽2之间的夹角小于其余任一隔磁孔与磁钢槽2之间的夹角。
也就是说，位于d轴同一侧的隔磁孔中，包括若干个第二隔磁孔32、 一个第一隔磁孔31，按照从靠近d轴向远离d轴的方向，若干个第二隔磁孔32和一个第一隔磁孔31与磁钢槽2之间的夹角依次增大；这种隔磁孔的角度设置，使得隔磁孔呈发散形状，正好顺应了从定子到转子内部V型磁钢槽的扇形区域，使得定子齿部产生的磁场更好的与转子的磁钢的磁场耦合，在这中间的气隙磁场的磁场磁密变化波形也接近正弦波，可以优化气隙磁密波形，减小电机槽齿转矩。
更具体地，如图2所示，当隔磁孔组3包括7个隔磁孔时，最中间的隔磁孔位于d轴上，称之为轴线隔磁孔，d轴一侧的隔磁孔，按照从靠近d轴向远离d轴的方向，依次为隔磁孔a、隔磁孔b和隔磁孔c，隔磁孔a、隔磁孔b和隔磁孔c与该侧的磁钢槽2之间的夹角分别为α1、α2和α3，位于d轴上的隔磁孔与磁钢槽2之间的夹角为b，则有a1>a2>a3≥b。
在具体实施例中，如图7所示，多个隔磁孔和电机转子外围的最大间隙L1满足：L1＜L2，其中L2为磁钢槽2与转子外围之间的隔磁桥宽度；多个隔磁孔和电机转子外围的最大间隙L1小于磁钢槽2与转子外围之间的隔磁桥宽度，这样，隔磁孔与定子外围处的磁阻就会比较大，可以限制磁力线从定子直接经过转子边缘处，直接返回定子，使得更多的磁力线先经过磁钢再回到定子从而减小电机漏磁，提高电机磁钢的有效利用效率。
在具体实施例中，隔磁孔的最小宽度为D1，磁钢槽2的宽度为D2，则0.3D2≤D1≤0.6D2；这种隔磁孔结构能够增加电机的退磁能力，增加电机运行的可靠性，使得电机的性能有一定提升，与体积较大的电机性能相当，但用料更少，价格更低，因此在保证电机可靠性的前提下具有成本优势。
在具体实施例中，多个隔磁孔的两个端部均为弧形或者多边形；也就是说，组成隔磁孔组3的每个隔磁孔可以是圆柱形的、也可以是三棱柱、四棱柱等多棱柱结构，但不管是何种结构，其均需满足第二隔磁孔32靠近电机转子外围处的宽度小于远离电机转子外围处的宽度。
在具体实施例中，第一隔磁孔31为可以等宽的长条形孔，也可以和第二隔磁孔32类似，从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围，第一隔磁孔31的宽度递减。
本实施例提供的电机转子通过这种隔磁孔两端点在圆上的结构在转子各个磁极下设置磁障，改善转子各磁极下磁密分布，减小电机定转子气隙的磁密谐波含量，降低电机运行时的高阶次高倍频的径向电磁力与切向电 磁力；将其应用的电机上后，可以降低电机运行时的振动以及噪声；将其应用在压缩机中后，可以减少压缩机在重载高负荷工况下电机电枢磁场对转子磁极下磁场的影响，在重载高负荷工况下仍能安全运行，增加电机的抗退磁能力。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种电机，电机包括实施例1的电机转子；如图8所示，电机还包括定子4，电机转子位于定子铁芯内。
为了验证本实施例提供的电机的性能，将本实施例的电机与普通常规电机的径向电磁力和切向电磁力进行对比，对比的前提为：本实施例的电机与普通常规电机的区别仅为：本实施例的电机中从远离电机转子外围向靠近电机转子外围的方向，第二隔磁孔32的宽度逐渐递减，而普通常规电机的第二隔磁孔为等宽的，除此之外，其余参数均相同；对比结果如图10所示，本实施例提供的电机相较于普通常规电机，径向电磁力下降了约10％，切向电磁力下降了约22％。
本实施例将实施例1中的电机转子应用在电机中，通过改善齿槽转矩和转矩脉动，降低了电机运行时的各阶次各倍频的径向电磁力和切向电磁力，从而提升了电机整体性能。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种压缩机，如图9所示，压缩机包括实施例2的电机。
为了验证本实施例提供的压缩机的噪音，将本实施例提供的压缩机与普通常规压缩机的噪音进行对比，如图11所示为国标1.2K内总值噪音变化曲线，从图中可以看出本实施例提供的压缩机的噪音明显低于普通常规压缩机。
本实施例将实施例2中的电机应用在压缩机中，通过这种隔磁孔两端点在圆上的结构在转子各个磁极下设置磁障，改善转子各磁极下磁密分布，减小电机定转子气隙的磁密谐波含量，降低电机运行时的高阶次高倍频的径向电磁力与切向电磁力，从而降低电机运行时的振动以及噪声；同时可以优化转子磁极下的磁路，减少压缩机在重载高负荷工况下电机电枢磁场对转子磁极下磁场的影响，在重载高负荷工况下仍能安全运行，增加电机的抗退磁能力。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种空调器，空调器包括实施例3的压缩机。
综上，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各有利技术特征可以自由地组合、叠加。
以上，仅是本公开的较佳实施例而已，并非对本公开作任何形式上的限制，依据本公开的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本公开技术方案的范围内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电机转子，其包括转子铁芯(1)，所述转子铁芯(1)的轴向设置多个磁钢槽(2)，所述磁钢槽(2)靠近电机转子外围的一侧布设有隔磁孔组(3)，所述隔磁孔组(3)关于电机转子的d轴对称；所述隔磁孔组(3)包括多个隔磁孔，为设置在两侧的第一隔磁孔(31)和位于两个所述第一隔磁孔(31)之间的第二隔磁孔(32)，至少有一个所述第二隔磁孔(32)满足：靠近所述电机转子外围处的宽度小于远离电机转子外围处的宽度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电机转子，其中，所述第二隔磁孔(32)为长条状，且从远离所述电机转子外围向靠近所述电机转子外围的方向，至少有一个所述第二隔磁孔(32)的宽度逐渐递减；其余所述第二隔磁孔(32)为等宽结构。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电机转子，其中，至少有一个所述第二隔磁孔(32)包括至少两个隔磁孔段(321)，每个所述隔磁孔段(321)为等宽的长条状，且从远离所述电机转子外围向靠近所述电机转子外围的方向，相邻的所述隔磁孔段(321)的宽度递减；其余所述第二隔磁孔(32)为等宽结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电机转子，其中，至少有一个所述第二隔磁孔(32)包括至少两个隔磁段；在所有所述隔磁段中，从远离所述电机转子外围向靠近所述电机转子外围的方向，至少有一个所述隔磁段的宽度递减，其余隔磁段为等宽的长条状；其余所述第二隔磁孔(32)为等宽结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电机转子，其中，每个所述第二隔磁孔(32)的两个端部均为圆弧形，靠近所述电机转子外围的多个圆弧均位于第一圆的圆周上，远离所述电机转子外围的多个圆弧均位于第二圆的圆周上，且R1≤R2，其中，R1为第一圆的半径，R2为第二圆的半径。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电机转子，其中，每个所述第二隔磁孔(32)两个端部的圆弧形满足：R3＞R4，其中，R3为远离所述电机转子外围的端部圆弧的半径，R4为靠近所述电机转子外围的端部圆弧的半径。
  7. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电机转子，其中，沿着从中心向两 侧的方向，多个所述隔磁孔的长度依次递减。
  8. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电机转子，其中，当所述隔磁孔有2n个时，其中n个所述隔磁孔位于所述d轴的一侧，另外n个所述隔磁孔位于所述d轴的另外一侧；当所述隔磁孔有2n+1个时，其中n个所述隔磁孔位于所述d轴的一侧，另外n个所述隔磁孔位于所述d轴的另外一侧，一个所述隔磁孔位于所述d轴上；其中，n为自然数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电机转子，其中，位于所述d轴同一侧的隔磁孔与该侧的磁钢槽(2)之间均存在夹角，且所述夹角随着隔磁孔越靠近d轴而越小。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电机转子，其中，位于所述d轴上的所述隔磁孔与磁钢槽(2)之间的夹角小于其余任一所述隔磁孔与磁钢槽(2)之间的夹角。
  11. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电机转子，其中，多个所述隔磁孔和所述电机转子外围的最大间隙L1满足：L1＜L2，其中L2为所述磁钢槽(2)与所述转子外围之间的隔磁桥宽度。
  12. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电机转子，其中，所述隔磁孔的最小宽度为D1，所述磁钢槽(2)的宽度为D2，则0.3D2≤D1≤0.6D2。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，多个所述隔磁孔的两个端部均为弧形或者多边形。
  14. 一种电机，所述电机包括权利要求1-13任一项所述的电机转子。
  15. 一种压缩机，所述压缩机包括权利要求14所述的电机。
  16. 一种空调器，所述空调器包括权利要求15所述的压缩机。
PCT/CN2022/129019 2022-03-31 2022-11-01 一种电机转子、电机、压缩机及空调器 WO2023184972A1 (zh)

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