WO2024087708A1 - 孔径和槽深检测装置及检测方法 - Google Patents
孔径和槽深检测装置及检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024087708A1 WO2024087708A1 PCT/CN2023/103997 CN2023103997W WO2024087708A1 WO 2024087708 A1 WO2024087708 A1 WO 2024087708A1 CN 2023103997 W CN2023103997 W CN 2023103997W WO 2024087708 A1 WO2024087708 A1 WO 2024087708A1
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- groove
- air
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
- G01B13/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring diameters
- G01B13/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring diameters internal diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
- G01B13/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring depth
Definitions
- the invention specifically relates to a hole diameter and groove depth detection device and a detection method.
- the gas-electric measuring instrument can be used to measure the hole diameter or the groove depth, but most of the existing devices used in conjunction with the gas-electric measuring instrument can only realize the single detection of the hole diameter or the groove depth, and cannot realize the simultaneous detection of the hole diameter and the groove depth.
- a Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN211717343U discloses a pneumatic measuring device for aperture size and verticality, including: a base plate, a workbench, and a probe, wherein a center hole is provided at the center of the workbench; the probe is perpendicular to the workbench, and an inner diameter measuring nozzle and a verticality measuring nozzle are provided in the probe, wherein the inner diameter measuring nozzle and the verticality measuring nozzle both include two air paths arranged along the radial direction of the probe, wherein the two air paths of the inner diameter measuring nozzle are located at the same height, and the two air paths of the verticality measuring nozzle are one high and one low; and a joint is connected to the inner diameter measuring nozzle and the verticality measuring nozzle.
- the device can only detect the aperture size, but cannot detect the groove depth of the workpiece to be inspected.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hole diameter and groove depth detection device and detection method, which solves the problems existing in the prior art that the groove depth and hole diameter of a workpiece to be detected cannot be detected simultaneously and the detection efficiency is low.
- a hole diameter and groove depth detection device comprising:
- a cylinder body having an inner cavity, wherein at least the upper end of the inner cavity is open;
- a fixed column the fixed column is slidably fitted in the inner cavity up and down, a first ventilation cavity is formed between the bottom of the fixed column and the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the cylinder, and a compression spring is arranged between the bottom of the fixed column and the bottom surface of the inner cavity to push the fixed column upward, a second air inlet pipe connected to the first ventilation cavity is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, and a ventilation cavity outlet connected to the first ventilation cavity is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder, an annular support portion is arranged at the upper end of the fixed column, and the upper end of the annular support portion is used to abut against the bottom of the groove to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, the channel size of the first ventilation cavity is associated with the axial position of the fixed column in the inner cavity, and then the channel size of the first ventilation cavity is associated with the depth of the groove to be detected of the workpiece to be detected;
- a second ventilation cavity is provided in the middle of the fixing column, a first air inlet pipe communicating with the second ventilation cavity is provided on the side wall of the fixing column, a through hole is provided on the side wall of the cylinder body for the first air inlet pipe to pass through, and the height dimension of the through hole is greater than the outer diameter of the first air inlet pipe;
- a detection column wherein the detection column is arranged at the top of the second ventilation cavity of the fixed column and is airtightly matched with the second ventilation cavity, the outer wall of the detection column is coaxial with the inner wall of the annular support portion, an air passage connected to the second ventilation cavity is arranged inside the detection column, the outlet of the air passage is located on the side wall of the detection column, and an air outlet passage is formed between the periphery of the outlet of the air passage and the inner wall of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, and the size of the air outlet passage is related to the aperture of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, the larger the aperture of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, the larger the air outlet passage is, and the smaller the aperture of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, the smaller the air outlet passage is;
- a gas-electric measuring instrument is connected to the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe respectively through pipelines, and the gas-electric measuring instrument is used to measure the diameter of the hole to be inspected and the depth of the groove to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected;
- the cylinder body supports and fixes the entire device, so that the fixed column can slide up and down in the inner cavity to match the depth change of the groove to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, so that the groove depth change of the groove to be detected of the workpiece to be detected is associated with the movement of the fixed column and the size change of the first ventilation cavity, so as to realize the detection of the groove depth of the groove to be detected of the workpiece to be detected.
- the arrangement of the detection column makes it possible to associate the size of the air outlet channel with the aperture of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected through the air channel on the detection column after the workpiece to be detected is assembled, so as to perform aperture detection on the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, and then the device can synchronously detect the hole to be detected and the groove to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, thereby effectively avoiding the increase of detection steps and improving the detection efficiency.
- the compression spring can support the upward and downward sliding of the fixed column, so that before the workpiece to be inspected is assembled, the fixed column remains floating to provide sliding space for the workpiece to be inspected after it is assembled.
- the height dimension of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the first air inlet pipe, so that when the fixed column slides up and down, the first air inlet pipe can move synchronously in the through hole, and the air supply of the first air inlet pipe is maintained, so as to ensure that the hole to be inspected and the groove to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected can be inspected synchronously.
- the outer wall of the inspection column is coaxial with the inner wall of the annular support part, so that when the workpiece to be inspected is assembled, the gap between the inner wall of the hole to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected and the outer wall of the inspection column can be kept consistent everywhere, so as to avoid the influence of different gap sizes on the uniformity of ventilation and ensure the inspection accuracy.
- the bottom end of the cylinder is provided with a cover body which closes the inner cavity
- the middle part of the cover body is provided with an air inlet hole connected to the second air inlet pipe
- a sealing block is provided at the bottom end of the second ventilation cavity near the air inlet hole; the arrangement of the cover body facilitates the assembly of the air inlet hole and the sealing block, the air inlet hole can be connected to the second air inlet pipe, the second air inlet pipe can transport the gas to between the air inlet hole and the sealing block, and ensure the air tightness of the bottom of the second ventilation cavity.
- an annular groove is provided on the side wall of the fixing column near the cover body, a limiting convex portion is provided on the side wall of the annular groove, and the compression spring is located between the end face of the annular groove and the end face of the cover body and below the limiting convex portion; the arrangement of the above-mentioned compression spring can limit the initial position of the fixing column through the limiting convex portion, so that the bottom end of the fixing column is separated from the end face of the cover body, so that after assembling the workpiece to be inspected, the fixing column is pressed down by the groove depth of the groove to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected, so that the size of the first ventilation cavity is changed, so as to facilitate the detection of the groove depth of the groove to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected.
- the ventilation cavity outlet is arranged on one side of the annular groove, and a limit pin extending into the ventilation cavity outlet is provided on the side wall of the annular groove; the coordinated arrangement of the above-mentioned limit pin and the ventilation cavity outlet enables the ventilation cavity outlet to limit the upper and lower sliding limits of the fixed column to avoid excessive movement of the fixed column and affect the detection accuracy.
- a first annular air groove located on the circumferential side of the air inlet outlet is provided on the end face of the cover body facing the inner cavity, and a first air guide groove crossing the end face of the cover body is provided on one side of the first annular air groove; the above-mentioned first annular air groove and the first air guide groove are arranged to facilitate the guidance of the air outlet of the air inlet and ensure the stability of the air outlet of the air inlet, and the arrangement of the first air guide groove increases the gas discharge effect to avoid the gas affecting the detection accuracy of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected due to the small or large exhaust space.
- the air duct includes a first air duct arranged along the axis of the detection column and a plurality of second air ducts arranged perpendicular to and radially to the first air duct; the arrangement of the first air duct and the second air duct enables the gas to be dispersed from the first air duct into the second air duct, thereby maintaining the uniformity of gas distribution in each second air duct and improving the detection accuracy of the holes to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected.
- a second annular air groove is provided on the side wall of the detection column corresponding to the outlet of the air duct, and a second air guide groove connected to the outside is provided on the side of the second annular air groove; the setting of the second annular air groove and the second air guide groove can increase the gas outlet effect, improve the gas circulation efficiency, increase the detection accuracy of the inspection hole of the workpiece to be inspected, and avoid the gas affecting the detection accuracy of the inspection hole of the workpiece to be inspected due to the small or large exhaust space.
- a detection method for a detection device comprising:
- S1 Set the detection position of the gas-electric measuring instrument connected to the first air inlet pipe to aperture detection and input the aperture measurement value and tolerance range, and set the detection position of the gas-electric measuring instrument connected to the second air inlet pipe to groove depth detection and input the groove depth detection value and tolerance range;
- S2 Use standard parts with standard apertures and standard groove depths of lower tolerance limits to calibrate the standard apertures and standard groove depths of lower tolerance limits for the detection position of the gas and electric measuring instrument; use standard parts with standard apertures and standard groove depths of upper tolerance limits to calibrate the standard apertures and standard groove depths of upper tolerance limits for the detection position of the gas and electric measuring instrument;
- S4 Start the gas-electric measuring instrument to detect the hole diameter and groove depth of the workpiece to be tested
- the above detection method is set up so that the holes to be detected and the grooves to be detected of the workpiece to be detected can be simultaneously quality-checked by the pneumatic and electrical measuring instrument, which effectively reduces the operation steps and improves the detection efficiency of the workpiece.
- the present invention has the characteristics of being able to synchronously detect the to-be-detected hole and the to-be-detected groove of the to-be-detected workpiece, effectively avoiding the increase of detection steps, and improving the detection efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1 in cooperation with a front end cover of a motor.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the detection column in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the cover body in FIG. 1 .
- a hole diameter and groove depth detection device includes:
- the cylinder 1 has an inner cavity 11, and the inner cavity 11 is open at least at the upper end;
- a fixed column 2 the fixed column 2 is slidably fitted in the inner cavity 11 up and down, a first ventilation cavity 21 is formed between the bottom of the fixed column 2 and the bottom surface of the inner cavity 11 of the cylinder 1, and a compression spring 22 for lifting the fixed column 2 upward is arranged between the bottom of the fixed column 2 and the bottom surface of the inner cavity 11, a second air inlet pipe 12 connected to the first ventilation cavity 21 is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder 1, a ventilation cavity air outlet 211 connected to the first ventilation cavity 21 is arranged at the side wall of the cylinder 1, an annular support portion 23 is arranged at the upper end of the fixed column 2, the upper end of the annular support portion 23 is used to abut against the bottom of the groove to be detected of the workpiece 10 to be detected, the channel size of the first ventilation cavity 21 is associated with the axial position of the fixed column 2 in the inner cavity 11, and then the channel size of the first ventilation cavity 21 is associated with the depth of the groove to be detected of the workpiece 10 to be detected;
- a second ventilation cavity 24 is provided in the middle of the fixed column 2, a first air inlet pipe 241 communicating with the second ventilation cavity 24 is provided on the side wall of the fixed column 2, a through hole 14 for the first air inlet pipe 241 to pass through is provided on the side wall of the cylinder 1, and a dimension in the height direction of the through hole 14 is greater than an outer diameter of the first air inlet pipe 241;
- the detection column 3 is arranged at the top of the second ventilation cavity 24 of the fixed column 2 and is airtightly matched with the second ventilation cavity 24.
- the outer wall of the detection column 3 is coaxial with the inner wall of the annular support portion 23.
- An air passage 31 connected to the second ventilation cavity 24 is arranged inside the detection column 3.
- An outlet 311 of the air passage 31 is located on the side wall of the detection column 3.
- An air outlet channel 32 is formed around the outlet 311 of the air passage 31 and the inner wall of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected 10.
- the size of the air outlet channel 32 is related to the aperture of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected. The larger the aperture of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, the larger the air outlet channel 32 is, and the smaller the aperture of the hole to be detected of the workpiece to be detected, the smaller the air outlet channel 32 is.
- the gas-electric measuring instrument is connected to the first air inlet pipe 241 and the second air inlet pipe 12 respectively through pipelines, and is used to measure the diameter of the hole to be inspected and the depth of the groove to be inspected of the workpiece 10 to be inspected.
- the groove to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected is sleeved on the top of the annular support part, the inner wall of the hole to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected is close to the air duct outlet on the outer wall of the inspection column, the outer wall of the hole to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected is abutted against the inner wall of the annular support part, and the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe are respectively connected to each pipeline on the gas-electric measuring instrument.
- the gas output by the pneumatic and electrical measuring instrument enters the second ventilation cavity through the first air inlet pipe, and enters the ventilation duct from the second ventilation cavity, and the gas is discharged from the outlet of the ventilation duct.
- the pneumatic and electrical measuring instrument can convert the gas signal into an electrical signal and directly display the value of the inner diameter of the hole to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected on the pneumatic and electrical measuring instrument; at the same time, the gas output by the pneumatic and electrical measuring instrument synchronously enters the first ventilation cavity through the second air inlet pipe, and the fixed column is pressed down by the workpiece to be inspected and moves downward as a whole, causing the fixed column to slide downward, thereby reducing the size of the first ventilation cavity.
- the pneumatic and electrical measuring instrument can convert the gas signal into an electrical signal, and directly display the value of the depth of the groove to be inspected of the workpiece to be inspected on the pneumatic and electrical measuring instrument.
- a cover body 4 is provided at the bottom end of the cylinder body 1 to seal the inner cavity 11
- an air inlet hole 41 connected to the second air inlet pipe 12 is provided in the middle of the cover body 4
- a sealing block 242 is provided at the bottom end of the second ventilation cavity 24 near the air inlet hole 31
- an annular groove 25 is provided on the side wall of the fixing column 2 near the cover body 4
- a limiting convex portion 251 is provided on the side wall of the annular groove 25
- a compression spring 22 is located between the end face of the annular groove 25 and the end face of the cover body 4 and below the limiting convex portion 251
- an air outlet 211 of the ventilation cavity is provided on one side of the annular groove 25
- an extending portion 251 is provided on the side wall of the annular groove 25.
- a limit pin 252 extends into the air outlet 211 of the ventilation cavity, and a first annular air groove 42 is provided on the end surface of the cover body 4 facing the inner cavity 11, which is located on the circumferential side of the outlet of the air inlet hole 41.
- a first air guide groove 43 is provided on one side of the first annular air groove 42 and crosses the end surface of the cover body 4.
- the air duct 31 includes a first air duct 312 arranged along the axis of the detection column 3 and a plurality of second air ducts 313 arranged perpendicularly and radially to the first air duct 312.
- a second annular air groove 314 is provided on the side wall of the detection column 3 corresponding to the circumferential side of the outlet 311 of the air duct 31, and a second air guide groove 315 connected to the outside is provided on the side of the second annular air groove 314.
- the above-mentioned limit pin is detachably connected to the side wall of the fixed column, and the above-mentioned cover body is connected to the end face of the cylinder body and forms a closure on the inner cavity.
- the compression spring acts on the fixed column to float as a whole; when the workpiece to be detected is assembled on the top of the annular support part, the workpiece to be detected acts on the fixed column to slide downward, so that the fixed column as a whole approaches the cover body, and the compression spring contracts at this time, and the limit pin moves in the air outlet of the ventilation cavity.
- the gas of the first air inlet pipe enters the air outlet channel from the second air inlet cavity and is gradually discharged along the first annular air groove and the first air guide groove, while the gas of the second air inlet pipe flows from the air inlet hole into the first ventilation cavity and is gradually discharged along the second annular air groove and the second air guide groove.
- the workpiece 10 to be inspected is a motor end cover. It is necessary to simultaneously inspect the aperture of the inner hole 101 and the depth of the groove 102 which is coaxial with the inner hole 101 and located outside the inner hole 101.
- the aperture of the inner hole 101 is required to be 16 mm, with a tolerance range of (0, 0.05); the depth of the groove 102 is required to be 1.5 mm, with a tolerance range of ⁇ 0.05.
- the detection method of the hole diameter of the inner hole 101 and the groove depth of the groove 102 is as follows:
- S2 Use standard parts with a lower tolerance limit of standard aperture 16 and a lower tolerance limit of standard slot depth 1.45 to calibrate the lower tolerance limit of the standard aperture and the lower tolerance limit of the standard slot depth of the gas and electric measuring instrument detection position; use standard parts with a standard aperture 16.05 and a upper tolerance limit of standard slot depth 1.55 to calibrate the upper tolerance limit of the standard aperture and the upper tolerance limit of the standard slot depth of the gas and electric measuring instrument detection position;
- S4 Start the pneumatic and electrical measuring instrument to respectively detect the hole diameter and the groove depth of the workpiece 10 to be detected.
- the measured value of the aperture of the inner hole 101 is between 16-16.05mm, the aperture of the inner hole 101 meets the requirement, otherwise, the aperture of the inner hole 101 does not meet the requirement; if the measured value of the groove depth of the groove 102 is between 1.45mm-1.55mm, the groove depth of the groove 102 meets the requirement, otherwise, the groove depth of the groove 102 does not meet the requirement.
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Abstract
一种孔径和槽深检测装置，包括：筒体（1），筒体（1）具有内腔（11），内腔（11）至少上端开口；固定柱（2），固定柱（2）上下滑动配合在内腔（11）内，固定柱（2）的底部与筒体（1）的内腔（11）底面之间形成有第一通气腔（21），第一通气腔（21）的通道大小与固定柱（2）在内腔（11）内的轴向位置相关联，继而实现第一通气腔（21）的通道大小与待检测工件（10）的待检测槽深相关联，固定柱（2）的中部设有第二通气腔（24）；检测柱（3），检测柱（3）设于固定柱（2）的第二通气腔（24）顶部并与第二通气腔（24）气密配合；检测柱（3）内部设有与第二通气腔（24）连通的通气道（31），通气道（31）的出口（311）周围与待检测工件（10）的待检测孔内壁之间形成出气通道（32），出气通道（32）的大小与待检测工件（10）的待检测孔孔径相关联。孔径和槽深检测装置可同时对待检测工件（10）的待检测孔孔径和待检测槽深进行检测，提高了检测效率。
Description
本发明具体涉及一种孔径和槽深检测装置及检测方法。
气电测量仪可用于测量孔径或槽深，但现有的配合气电测量仪的装置多只能实现孔径或槽深的单一检测，不能同时实现对孔径和槽深的同时检测。
如公开号为CN211717343U的中国实用新型专利公开了一种孔径尺寸及垂直度气动测量装置，包括：底板、工作台、测头，工作台的中心处设有中心孔；测头与工作台相垂直，测头内设有内径测量喷嘴和垂直度测量喷嘴，内径测量喷嘴和垂直度测量喷嘴均包括两条沿测头径向设置的气路，其中内径测量喷嘴的两条气路位于同一高度，垂直度测量的两条气路则一高一低；接头与内径测量喷嘴和垂直度测量喷嘴相连通。
该装置只能进行孔径尺寸的检测，无法实现对待检测工件的槽深检测。
然而，生产过程中，某些工件（如电机端盖）在加工完成后，需要对工件上的孔径和槽深都进行检测，现有技术无法同时对其孔径和槽深实现同时检测，只能分次进行，造成了工序较多，检测时间较长，检测效率较低的问题。
本发明目的在于提供一种孔径和槽深检测装置及检测方法，解决了现有技术存在的待检测工件的槽深和孔径无法同时检测，检测效率低下等问题。
本发明的上述技术目的主要是通过以下技术方案解决的：一种孔径和槽深检测装置，包括：
筒体，筒体具有内腔，所述内腔至少上端开口；
固定柱，所述固定柱上下滑动配合在所述内腔内，所述固定柱的底部与筒体的内腔底面之间形成有第一通气腔且在固定柱的底部与内腔的底面之间设置有将固定柱向上顶起的压缩弹簧，所述筒体底部设有连通第一通气腔的第二进气管，筒体的侧壁设有连通第一通气腔的通气腔出气口，所述固定柱的上端设有环形支撑部，环形支撑部的上端用以与待检测工件的待检测槽底部相抵，第一通气腔的通道大小与固定柱在内腔内的轴向位置相关联继而实现第一通气腔的通道大小与待检测工件的待检测槽深度相关联；
所述固定柱的中部设有第二通气腔，所述固定柱的侧壁上设有与第二通气腔连通的第一进气管，筒体的侧壁设有供第一进气管穿过的过孔，过孔的高度方向的尺寸大于第一进气管的外径；
检测柱，所述检测柱设于固定柱的第二通气腔顶部并与第二通气腔气密配合，检测柱的外壁与环形支撑部的内壁同轴，所述检测柱内部设有与第二通气腔连通的通气道，所述通气道的出口位于检测柱的侧壁上，所述通气道的出口周围与待检测工件的待检测孔内壁之间形成为出气通道，出气通道的大小与待检测工件的待检测孔孔径关联，待检测工件的待检测孔孔径越大，则出气通道越大，待检测工件的待检测孔孔径越小，则出气通道越小；
气电测量仪，通过管路与第一进气管、第二进气管分别连通，气电测量仪用以对待检测工件待检测孔孔径和待检测槽深进行测量；
上述筒体对整个装置形成支撑固定，使得固定柱可在内腔上下滑动，以匹配待检测工件的待检测槽的深度变化，从而通过固定柱的移动和第一通气腔的大小变化，关联待检测工件的待检测槽的槽深变化，以实现对待检测工件的待检测槽的槽深的检测，而检测柱的设置，使得待检测工件装配后，可通过检测柱上的通气道，使出气通道的大小与待检测工件的待检测孔的孔径相关联，从而对待检测工件的待检测孔进行孔径检测，继而使得本装置可同步对待检测工件的待检测孔和待检测槽同时进行检测，有效避免了检测步骤的增加，且提高了检测效率，上述压缩弹簧可支撑固定柱的上下滑动，使得待检测工件装配前，固定柱保持浮动，以提供待检测工件装配后的滑动空间，上述过孔的高度方向的尺寸大于第一进气管的外径，使得固定柱上下滑动时，第一进气管可在过孔内同步移动，且保持第一进气管的送气工作，保证待检测工件的待检测孔和待检测槽可同步进行检测，上述检测柱的外壁与环形支撑部的内壁同轴的设置，使得待检测工件装配时，可保证待检测工件的待检测孔内壁与检测柱外壁之间的间隙各处保持一致，避免间隙大小不一而影响通气的均匀性，保证检测精确度。
作为优选，所述筒体的底端设有对内腔形成封闭的盖体，所述盖体的中部设有与第二进气管连接的进气孔，所述第二通气腔的底端靠近进气孔的位置处设有密封块；上述盖体的设置，以便于进气孔和密封块的装配，上述进气孔可与第二进气管连通，第二进气管可将气体输送至进气孔和密封块之间，且保证第二通气腔底部的气密性。
作为优选，所述固定柱的侧壁上靠近盖体的位置处设有环形凹槽，所述环形凹槽的侧壁上设有限位凸部，所述压缩弹簧位于环形凹槽的端面和盖体端面之间且位于限位凸部下方；上述压缩弹簧的设置，可通过限位凸部对固定柱的初始位置进行限位，使得固定柱的底端与盖体的端面分离，从而在装配待检测工件后，通过待检测工件的待检测槽的槽深下压固定柱，使得第一通气腔的大小发生改变，以便于检测出待检测工件的待检测槽的槽深。
作为优选，所述通气腔出气口设于环形凹槽的一侧，所述环形凹槽的侧壁上设有延伸至通气腔出气口内的限位销；上述限位柱和通气腔出气口的配合设置，使得通气腔出气口可对固定柱的滑动上下限进行限制，避免固定柱移动过度而影响检测精度。
作为优选，所述盖体上朝向内腔的端面上设有位于进气孔出口处周侧的第一环形气槽，所述第一环形气槽的一侧设有横穿盖体端面的第一导气槽；上述第一环形气槽和第一导气槽的设置，以便于保持对进气孔出气的导向和保证进气孔出气的稳定，而第一导气槽的设置，以增加气体的排出效果，避免气体因排气空间小或大而影响对待检测工件的待检测孔的检测精度。
作为优选，所述通气道包括沿检测柱轴线设置的第一气道和多个与第一气道垂直且径向设置的第二气道；上述第一气道和第二气道的设置，使得气体可由第一气道分散送入第二气道，保持各个第二气道内的气体分布均匀性，提高对待检测工件的待检测孔的检测精确度。
作为优选，所述检测柱的侧壁上对应于通气道的出口处周侧设有第二环形气槽，所述第二环形气槽的侧边设有与外界连通的第二导气槽；上述第二环形气槽和第二导气槽的设置，可增加对气体的导出作用，提高气体的流通效率，增加对待检测工件的待检测孔的检测精度，避免气体因排气空间小或大而影响对待检测工件的待检测孔的检测精度。
检测装置的检测方法，包括：
S1：将气电测量仪与第一进气管连接的检测位设置为孔径检测并输入孔径测量数值及公差范围，将气电测量仪与第二进气管连接检测位设置为槽深检测及槽深检测数值及公差范围；
S2：采用具有公差下限值的标准孔径和公差下限值的标准槽深的标准件对气电测量仪检测位进行公差下限值的标准孔径进行校准及公差下限值的标准槽深进行校准，采用具有公差上限值的标准孔径和公差上限值的标准槽深的标准件对气电测量仪检测位进行公差上限值的标准孔径进行校准及公差上限值的标准槽深进行校准；
S3：将待检测工件装配到检测装置上，待检测工件的待检测内孔与检测柱配合，待检测工件的待检测槽与环形支撑部配合；
S4：启动气电测量仪分别检测出待检测工件的孔径和槽深；
上述检测方法的设置，使得待检测工件的待检测孔和待检测槽可通过气电测量仪同时进行质量检测，有效减少了操作步骤，提高了对工件的检测效率。
因此，本发明具有可同步对待检测工件的待检测孔和待检测槽同时进行检测，有效避免了检测步骤的增加，且提高了检测效率等特点。
图1是本发明的立体结构图。
图2是图1与电机前端盖配合的结构剖视图。
图3是图1中的检测柱的结构示意图。
图4是图1中的盖体的结构示意图。
下面通过实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
如图1-3所示，一种孔径和槽深检测装置，包括：
筒体1，筒体1具有内腔11，内腔11至少上端开口；
固定柱2，固定柱2上下滑动配合在内腔11内，固定柱2的底部与筒体1的内腔11底面之间形成有第一通气腔21且在固定柱2的底部与内腔11的底面之间设置有将固定柱2向上顶起的压缩弹簧22，筒体1底部设有连通第一通气腔21的第二进气管12，筒体1的侧壁设有连通第一通气腔21的通气腔出气口211，固定柱2的上端设有环形支撑部23，环形支撑部23的上端用以与待检测工件10的待检测槽底部相抵，第一通气腔21的通道大小与固定柱2在内腔11内的轴向位置相关联继而实现第一通气腔21的通道大小与待检测工件10的待检测槽深度相关联；
固定柱2的中部设有第二通气腔24，固定柱2的侧壁上设有与第二通气腔24连通的第一进气管241，筒体1的侧壁设有供第一进气管241穿过的过孔14，过孔14的高度方向的尺寸大于第一进气管241的外径；
检测柱3，检测柱3设于固定柱2的第二通气腔24顶部并与第二通气腔24气密配合，检测柱3的外壁与环形支撑部23的内壁同轴，检测柱3内部设有与第二通气腔24连通的通气道31，通气道31的出口311位于检测柱3的侧壁上，通气道31的出口311周围与待检测工件10的待检测孔内壁之间形成为出气通道32，出气通道32的大小与待检测工件的待检测孔孔径关联，待检测工件的待检测孔孔径越大，则出气通道32越大，待检测工件的待检测孔孔径越小，则出气通道32越小；
气电测量仪，通过管路与第一进气管241、第二进气管12分别连通，气电测量仪用以对待检测工件10待检测孔孔径和待检测槽深进行测量。
待检测工件装配时，待检测工件的待检测槽套在环形支撑部的顶端，待检测工件的待检测孔内壁与检测柱外壁上的通气道出口靠近，待检测工件的待检测孔外壁与环形支撑部的内壁抵接，第一进气管和第二进气管分别与气电测量仪上的各个管路连通。
在将待检测工件装配好后，气电测量仪输出气体由第一进气管进入第二通气腔内，并从第二通气腔进入通气道内，气体从通气道的出口处排出，此时气电测量仪可将气信号转化为电信号并将待检测工件的待检测孔内径数值直接显示在气电测量仪上；与此同时，气电测量仪同步输出气体由第二进气管进入第一通气腔内，而固定柱受待检测工件的下压，整体下移，使得固定柱向下滑动，从而减少了第一通气腔的大小，此时气电测量仪可将气信号转化为电信号，并将待检测工件的待检测槽深度数值直接显示在气电测量仪上。
如图2-4所示，筒体1的底端设有对内腔11形成封闭的盖体4，盖体4的中部设有与第二进气管12连接的进气孔41，第二通气腔24的底端靠近进气孔31的位置处设有密封块242，固定柱2的侧壁上靠近盖体4的位置处设有环形凹槽25，环形凹槽25的侧壁上设有限位凸部251，压缩弹簧22位于环形凹槽25的端面和盖体4端面之间且位于限位凸部251下方，通气腔出气口211设于环形凹槽25的一侧，环形凹槽25的侧壁上设有延伸至通气腔出气口211内的限位销252，盖体4上朝向内腔11的端面上设有位于进气孔41出口处周侧的第一环形气槽42，第一环形气槽42的一侧设有横穿盖体4端面的第一导气槽43，通气道31包括沿检测柱3轴线设置的第一气道312和多个与第一气道312垂直且径向设置的第二气道313，检测柱3的侧壁上对应于通气道31的出口311处周侧设有第二环形气槽314，第二环形气槽314的侧边设有与外界连通的第二导气槽315。
上述限位销与固定柱侧壁可拆卸连接，上述盖体连接在筒体的端面上，并对内腔形成封闭，当待检测工件未装配在环形支撑部顶部时，压缩弹簧作用固定柱整体浮空；当待检测工件装配在环形支撑部顶部时，待检测工件作用固定柱向下滑动，使得固定柱整体朝盖体靠近，而压缩弹簧此时收缩，限位销在通气腔出气口内移动，当第一进气管和第二进气管开始进气后，第一进气管的气体从第二通气腔进入出气通道内，并逐渐沿着第一环形气槽和第一导气槽排出，而第二进气管的气体从进气孔流向第一通气腔内，并逐渐沿着第二环形气槽和第二导气槽排出。
如图2所示，待检测工件10为电机端盖，需同时检测内孔101的孔径和与内孔101同轴且位于内孔101外围的凹槽102的槽深，内孔101的孔径要求16mm，公差范围（0，0.05）；凹槽102的槽深要求为1.5mm，公差范围±0.05。
上述内孔101的孔径和凹槽102的槽深的检测方法如下：
S1：将气电测量仪与第一进气管连接的检测位设置为孔径检测并输入孔径测量数值16mm及公差范围（0，0.05），将气电测量仪与第二进气管连接的检测位设置为槽深检测及槽深检测数值1.5mm及公差范围±0.05mm；
S2：采用具有公差下限值的标准孔径16和公差下限值的标准槽深1.45的标准件对气电测量仪检测位进行公差下限值的标准孔径进行校准及公差下限值的标准槽深进行校准，采用具有公差上限值的标准孔径16.05和公差上限值的标准槽深1.55的标准件对气电测量仪检测位进行公差上限值的标准孔径进行校准及公差上限值的标准槽深进行校准；
S3：将待检测工件装配到检测装置上，待检测工件的待检测内孔与检测柱配合，待检测工件的待检测槽与环形支撑部配合；
S4：启动气电测量仪分别检测出待检测工件10的孔径和槽深。
如内孔101的孔径测量值在16-16.05mm之间，则内孔101的孔径符合要求，否则则内孔101的孔径不符合要求；如凹槽102的槽深测量值在1.45mm-1.55mm之间，则凹槽102的槽深符合要求，否则，凹槽102的槽深不符合要求。
Claims (8)
- 一种孔径和槽深检测装置，包括：筒体（1），筒体（1）具有内腔（11），所述内腔（11）至少上端开口；固定柱（2），所述固定柱（2）上下滑动配合在所述内腔（11）内，所述固定柱（2）的底部与筒体（1）的内腔（11）底面之间形成有第一通气腔（21）且在固定柱（2）的底部与内腔（11）的底面之间设置有将固定柱（2）向上顶起的压缩弹簧（22），所述筒体（1）底部设有连通第一通气腔（21）的第二进气管（12），筒体（1）的侧壁设有连通第一通气腔（21）的通气腔出气口（211），所述固定柱（2）的上端设有环形支撑部（23），环形支撑部（23）的上端用以与待检测工件（10）的待检测槽底部相抵，第一通气腔（21）的通道大小与固定柱（2）在内腔（11）内的轴向位置相关联继而实现第一通气腔（21）的通道大小与待检测工件（10）的待检测槽深度相关联；所述固定柱（2）的中部设有第二通气腔（24），所述固定柱（2）的侧壁上设有与第二通气腔（24）连通的第一进气管（241），筒体（1）的侧壁设有供第一进气管（241）穿过的过孔（14），过孔（14）的高度方向的尺寸大于第一进气管（241）的外径；检测柱（3），所述检测柱（3）设于固定柱（2）的第二通气腔（24）顶部并与第二通气腔（24）气密配合，检测柱（3）的外壁与环形支撑部（23）的内壁同轴，所述检测柱（3）内部设有与第二通气腔（24）连通的通气道（31），所述通气道（31）的出口（311）位于检测柱（3）的侧壁上，所述通气道（31）的出口（311）周围与待检测工件（10）的待检测孔内壁之间形成为出气通道（32），出气通道（32）的大小与待检测工件的待检测孔孔径关联，待检测工件的待检测孔孔径越大，则出气通道（32）越大，待检测工件的待检测孔孔径越小，则出气通道（32）越小；气电测量仪，通过管路与第一进气管（241）、第二进气管（12）分别连通，气电测量仪用以对待检测工件（10）待检测孔孔径和待检测槽深进行测量。
- 根据权利要求1所述的孔径检测装置，其特征在于：所述筒体（1）的底端设有对内腔（11）形成封闭的盖体（4），所述盖体（4）的中部设有与第二进气管（12）连接的进气孔（41），所述第二通气腔（24）的底端靠近进气孔（31）的位置处设有密封块（242）。
- 根据权利要求1所述的孔径检测装置，其特征在于：所述固定柱（2）的侧壁上靠近盖体（4）的位置处设有环形凹槽（25），所述环形凹槽（25）的侧壁上设有限位凸部（251），所述压缩弹簧（22）位于环形凹槽（25）的端面和盖体（4）端面之间且位于限位凸部（251）下方。
- 根据权利要求3所述的孔径检测装置，其特征在于：所述通气腔出气口（211）设于环形凹槽（25）的一侧，所述环形凹槽（25）的侧壁上设有延伸至通气腔出气口（211）内的限位销（252）。
- 根据权利要求2所述的孔径检测装置，其特征在于：所述盖体（4）上朝向内腔（11）的端面上设有位于进气孔（41）出口处周侧的第一环形气槽（42），所述第一环形气槽（42）的一侧设有横穿盖体（4）端面的第一导气槽（43）。
- 根据权利要求1所述的孔径检测装置，其特征在于：所述通气道（31）包括沿检测柱（3）轴线设置的第一气道（312）和多个与第一气道（312）垂直且径向设置的第二气道（313）。
- 根据权利要求1所述的孔径检测装置，其特征在于：所述检测柱（3）的侧壁上对应于通气道（31）的出口（311）处周侧设有第二环形气槽（314），所述第二环形气槽（314）的侧边设有与外界连通的第二导气槽（315）。
- 用于权利要求1-7任意一项权利要求所述检测装置的检测方法，其特征在于包括：S1：将气电测量仪与第一进气管连接的检测位设置为孔径检测并输入孔径测量数值及公差范围，将气电测量仪与第二进气管连接检测位设置为槽深检测及槽深检测数值及公差范围；S2：采用具有公差下限值的标准孔径和公差下限值的标准槽深的标准件对气电测量仪检测位进行公差下限值的标准孔径进行校准及公差下限值的标准槽深进行校准，采用具有公差上限值的标准孔径和公差上限值的标准槽深的标准件对气电测量仪检测位进行公差上限值的标准孔径进行校准及公差上限值的标准槽深进行校准；S3：将待检测工件装配到检测装置上，待检测工件的待检测内孔与检测柱配合，待检测工件的待检测槽与环形支撑部配合；S4：启动气电测量仪分别检测出待检测工件的孔径和槽深。
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