WO2024061187A1 - 二苯乙烯衍生物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

二苯乙烯衍生物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2024061187A1
WO2024061187A1 PCT/CN2023/119575 CN2023119575W WO2024061187A1 WO 2024061187 A1 WO2024061187 A1 WO 2024061187A1 CN 2023119575 W CN2023119575 W CN 2023119575W WO 2024061187 A1 WO2024061187 A1 WO 2024061187A1
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alkyl
formula
compound represented
pharmaceutically acceptable
stereoisomer
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French (fr)
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蔡亚仙
贾剑敏
韩自省
蔡开明
孙焕亮
唐梦洁
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上海泽德曼医药科技有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C37/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C37/01Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by replacing functional groups bound to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydroxy groups, e.g. by hydrolysis
    • C07C37/055Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by replacing functional groups bound to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydroxy groups, e.g. by hydrolysis the substituted group being bound to oxygen, e.g. ether group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C39/00Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C39/205Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts with unsaturation outside the rings
    • C07C39/21Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts with unsaturation outside the rings with at least one hydroxy group on a non-condensed ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C39/00Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C39/24Halogenated derivatives
    • C07C39/373Halogenated derivatives with all hydroxy groups on non-condensed rings and with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/05Phenols
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of inflammation or immunity-related drugs, and specifically relates to a new stilbene derivative, its preparation method and pharmaceutical compositions containing the derivative, as well as their use as therapeutic agents, especially as aryl hydrocarbon receptors (Aryl).
  • AHR Hydrocarbon Receptor
  • the aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR also known as the dioxin receptor, is a member of the bHLH (basic Helix-Loop-Helix)-PAS (Per-ARNT-Sim) family of transcriptional regulators.
  • the unique feature of bHLH-PAS family members is that they have a PAS domain.
  • the name of this domain comes from the three proteins that were first discovered to have this motif: Drosophila Per, Human ARNT and Drosophila Sim.
  • the PAS domain consists of 260-310 amino acids, including two very conserved hydrophobic repeat sequences, called PAS-A and PAS-B, separated by a less conserved sequence.
  • the bHLH domain is responsible for binding to DNA, and the tandem PAS domains (PAS-A and PAS-B) are involved in protein-protein interactions and ligand binding.
  • PAS-A and PAS-B tandem PAS domains
  • AHR ligand binding occurs in the PAS-B domain.
  • the N-terminal bHLH-PAS region is well conserved among bHLH-PAS family members. Most of the non-conservative changes in AHR occur in the transcriptional activation domain, resulting in different protein-protein interactions with other coactivators, corepressors or nuclear receptors, regulating different gene expressions.
  • AHR exists in the cytosol and binds to a variety of chaperone proteins, including a dimer of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), auxiliary chaperone protein p23, and AHR-acting protein. (AHR-Interacting Protein, AIP) and protein kinase Src.
  • HSP90 heat shock protein 90
  • AIP auxiliary chaperone protein p23
  • AHR-acting protein AIP
  • protein kinase Src protein kinase Src.
  • the regulatory region upstream of the AHR regulatory gene contains a DNA consensus sequence (5'-TNGCTGTG-3'), called the Xenobiotic Responsive Element (XRE), also called the Dioxin Responsive Element (DRE). It serves as a transcription enhancer and is a binding site for AHR.
  • XRE Xenobiotic Responsive Element
  • DRE Dioxin Responsive Element
  • AHR is involved in physiological processes such as cell physiology, host defense, immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and detoxification.
  • AHR is expressed in many cells of the immune system, including dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, and NK cells.
  • the ligand binding site of AHR is structurally flexible, many small molecules can serve as ligands, including exogenous ligands such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls; and endogenous ligands such as tryptophan.
  • exogenous ligands such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls
  • endogenous ligands such as tryptophan.
  • the AHR modulator benvimod is a naturally derived small molecule produced by a bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes. It is the world's first marketed aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist and can be used to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis.
  • Ar is selected from the following groups that are unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one, two or more Rs: C 6-20 aryl group or 5 to 20 membered heteroaryl group;
  • Each Rs is the same or different and is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C 1-12 alkyl, halogenated C 1-12 alkyl, -COC 1-12 alkyl or C 1-12 alkoxy;
  • Each R 1 is the same or different, and is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C 1-12 alkyl, halogenated C 1-12 alkyl, -COC 1-12 alkyl or C 1-12 alkoxy;
  • n 1 or 2.
  • the compound represented by Formula I-1 its stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug, wherein each R 1 is the same or different, independently of each other Selected from halogen, cyano, C 2-6 linear alkyl, halogenated C 1-6 alkyl, -COC 2-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy.
  • the compound represented by Formula I-1, its stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug is a compound represented by Formula I, its stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug:
  • Ar is selected from the following groups that are unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one, two or more Rs: C 6-20 aryl or 5 to 20 membered heteroaryl;
  • Each Rs is the same or different, and is independently selected from halogen, C 1-12 alkyl, halogenated C 1-12 alkyl, -COC 1-12 alkyl or C 1-12 alkoxy;
  • R 1 is as defined in Formula I-1.
  • Ar is selected from the following groups which are unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one, two or more Rs: C 6-20 aryl or 5-20 membered heteroaryl;
  • Each Rs is the same or different, and is independently selected from halogen, C 1-12 alkyl, halogenated C 1-12 alkyl, -COC 1-12 alkyl or C 1-12 alkoxy;
  • R 1 is selected from halogen, cyano, C 1-12 alkyl, halogenated C 1-12 alkyl, -COC 1-12 alkyl or C 1-12 alkoxy.
  • Ar is selected The following groups are unsubstituted, or optionally substituted by one, two or more Rs: phenyl or 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl; Rs is as defined in Formula I-1 or Formula I; more preferably , Ar is selected from the following groups that are unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one, two or more Rs: phenyl or 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl; Rs is as defined in Formula I-1 or Formula I; Most preferably, Ar is selected from the following groups that are unsubstituted, or optionally substituted by one, two or more Rs: phenyl,
  • each Rs is the same or different from each other, Independently selected from halogen, cyano, C 1-6 alkyl, halo C 1-6 alkyl, -COC 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy; preferably, each Rs is the same or different , independently selected from halogen, cyano, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy; more preferably, each Rs is the same or different, independently selected from halogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy; most preferably, each Rs is the same or different and independently of each other is halogen.
  • each Rs is the same or different, independently of each other Selected from halogen, C 1-6 alkyl, halogenated C 1-6 alkyl, -COC 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy; preferably, each Rs is the same or different, and is independently selected from each other.
  • each Rs is the same or different and independently selected from halogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy ;
  • each Rs is the same or different, and is independently halogen; for example, Rs is F, Cl, methyl or methoxy.
  • the compound represented by Formula I-1 or Formula I, its stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug wherein Ar is selected from unsubstituted, or any Select C 6-14 aryl or 5 to 14-membered heteroaryl substituted by one, two or more of the following groups: halogen, C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 alkoxy; R 1 is selected From F, Cl, Br, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl, halogenated C 1-3 alkyl, -COC 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 alkoxy, preferably F, Cl, Br, Cyano, C 1-3 alkyl or halo C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 1 is selected from F, Cl, Br, methyl, methoxy, cyano, acetyl,
  • R 1 is substituted in the ortho position of one of the hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring, or in the ortho position of both hydroxyl groups simultaneously.
  • Ar when Ar is heteroaryl, it is attached to the alkenyl group at position 2, 3 or 4.
  • Formula I-1 or the compound represented by Formula I is selected from the group consisting of but not limited to:
  • the prodrug may be Formula I-1 or an ester formed by at least one hydroxyl group of the compound represented by Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable compound having at least one carboxyl group.
  • the compound having at least one carboxyl group may be a monobasic, dibasic or polybasic organic acid (eg acetic acid, phosphoric acid).
  • the organic acid is a binary or polybasic organic acid, it can form an ester with the compound shown in Formula I through 1 carboxyl group, and the other carboxyl groups react with the hydroxyl-substituted C 1-12 alkyl group to form an ester. .
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a compound represented by formula I-1d or a salt thereof:
  • Each R 1 is the same or different and is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C 1-12 alkyl, halo C 1-12 alkyl, -COC 1-12 alkyl or C 2-12 alkoxy, Preferably it is F, Cl, Br, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl or halo C 1-3 alkyl;
  • Ar and n are as defined in Formula I-1 or Formula I.
  • Typical intermediate compounds of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to:
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a compound represented by Formula I-1, its stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the compound represented by formula I-1d or its salt undergoes a deprotection reaction under acidic conditions to obtain the compound represented by formula I-1, its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt;
  • Each R 1 is the same or different, and is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C 2-6 linear alkyl, halogenated C 1-6 alkyl, -COC 2-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy group, preferably F, Cl, Br, cyano or halo C 1-3 alkyl;
  • Ar and n are as defined in Formula I-1 or Formula I.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the compound represented by formula I, its stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, comprising the following steps:
  • Ar and R 1 are as defined in Formula I-1 or Formula I.
  • compound Id is prepared by the following method but is not limited thereto:
  • the preparation method further includes the step of preparing the compound shown in Formula I-1, Formula I or Table A into a salt.
  • the present disclosure also provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the compounds of Formula I-1, Formula I or Table A, stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical composition further includes one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) modulator.
  • AHR aryl hydrocarbon receptor
  • the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) modulator is used to alleviate and/or treat the following diseases or conditions: cancer, ophthalmology-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions or disorders with immunological factors;
  • the cancer is preferably leukemia, prostate cancer and intestinal cancer;
  • the ophthalmology-related disease is preferably uveitis, age-related macular degeneration and dry eye;
  • the autoimmune disease is preferably rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis , systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis;
  • other diseases or discomforts with immunological factors are preferably asthma, allergies, infections, osteoporosis, and atherosclerosis.
  • the present disclosure also provides at least one of the compounds represented by Formula I-1, Formula I or Table A, their stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs in the preparation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) modulators the use of.
  • AHR aryl hydrocarbon receptor
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for alleviating and/or treating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-mediated diseases or conditions, comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Formula I-1, Formula I or Table A, wherein At least one of the stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs, or a pharmaceutical composition as described above.
  • AHR aryl hydrocarbon receptor
  • the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-mediated diseases or conditions include: cancer, ophthalmology-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions or discomforts with immunological factors;
  • the cancer is preferably leukemia. , prostate cancer and intestinal cancer;
  • the ophthalmology-related diseases are preferably uveitis, age-related macular degeneration and dry eye disease;
  • the autoimmune diseases are preferably rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis;
  • other diseases or complaints with immunological factors are preferably asthma, allergies, infections, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes , graft-versus-host disease and transplant rejection.
  • the compound obtained by this disclosure greatly improves the light stability of the molecular structure compared to the marketed drug Benvimod, improves the photoinstability of Benvimod, and is easily degraded under light. question.
  • some compounds also significantly improved the activity against AHR protein or achieved at least no less activity than Benvimod.
  • the preparation method of the obtained compound is simple and can be prepared at gram or kilogram level, which has better prospects in subsequent formulation development, safety and clinical application.
  • the numerical ranges stated in the specification and claims are equivalent to recording at least each specific integer value therein.
  • the numerical range "1-10” is equivalent to recording each integer value in the numerical range "1-10", that is, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • numbers when certain numerical ranges are defined as “numbers,” it should be understood that both endpoints of the range, every integer within the range, and every decimal within the range are recited.
  • “numbers from 0 to 10” should be understood as not only recording every integer from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, but also recording at least one of the integers respectively. The sum of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9.
  • halogen includes F, Cl, Br or I.
  • alkyl is understood to mean a straight-chain or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon group, for example a C1-12 alkyl group.
  • C 1-12 alkyl is understood to mean a straight-chain or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably C 1-6 alkyl.
  • C 1-6 alkyl is understood to preferably mean a linear or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably C 2-6 alkyl, more preferably It is C 2-6 linear alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-Methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, neopentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl base, 2-methylpentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl or 1,2-dimethylbutyl, etc. or their isomers.
  • said groups have 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms ("C 1-3 alkyl
  • aryl is understood to mean a monovalent aromatic or partially aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon ring group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a C 6-20 aryl group.
  • C 6-20 aryl should be understood to mean a monovalent aromatic or partially aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon ring group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably “C 6-14 aryl”".
  • C 6-14 aryl is understood to mean preferably a monovalent or partially aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic or Tricyclic hydrocarbon ring (“C 6-14 aryl”), preferably 6 to 10 membered aryl.
  • C 6 aryl such as phenyl; or biphenyl, or a ring with 9 carbon atoms (“C 9 aryl”), such as indanyl or indenyl group, either a ring with 10 carbon atoms (“C 10 aryl”), such as tetrahydronaphthyl, dihydronaphthyl or naphthyl, or a ring with 13 carbon atoms (“C 13 aryl” ), such as fluorenyl, or a ring with 14 carbon atoms (“C 14 aryl”), such as anthracenyl.
  • the aryl group When the aryl group is substituted, it may be mono- or poly-substituted. Moreover, there is no restriction on the substitution position, for example, it may be ortho, para or meta substitution.
  • heteroaryl is understood to include monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring systems having 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13... or 20 Ring atoms, preferably 5 to 20 membered heteroaryl.
  • 5 to 20 membered heteroaryl is understood to include monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring systems having 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13... ...or 20 ring atoms, especially 5 or 6 or 9 or 10 carbon atoms (such as preferably 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl), and it contains 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3 independently selected from N, O and S heteroatoms. And, in addition in each case may be benzo-fused.
  • the heteroaryl group is selected from the group consisting of thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl Diazolyl, thi-4H-pyrazolyl, etc.
  • benzo derivatives such as benzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzene Triazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, etc.; or pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, etc., and their benzo derivatives, such as quinoline base, quinazolinyl, isoquinolinyl, etc.; or azocinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, etc.
  • heteroaryl group When the 5-10 membered heteroaryl group is substituted, it may be mono- or poly-substituted. Moreover, there is no restriction on the substitution position. For example, the hydrogen bonded to the carbon atom on the heteroaryl ring may be substituted, or the hydrogen bonded to the heteroatom on the heteroaryl ring may be substituted.
  • heteroaryl or heteroarylene includes all possible isomeric forms thereof, such as positional isomers thereof. Therefore, for some illustrative non-limiting examples, may be included at the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-position, etc.
  • pyridin-2-yl pyridinylene-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridinylene-3-yl , pyridin-4-yl and pyridinylene-4-yl
  • thienyl or thienylene group includes thiophene-2-yl, thiophenylene-2-yl, thiophenylene-3-yl and thiophenylene-3-yl
  • cycloalkyl is understood to mean a saturated monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring (also called fused hydrocarbon ring) having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. atom.
  • Bicyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl groups include pendant cycloalkyl, bridged cycloalkyl, and spirocycloalkyl; the pendant ring refers to two or more cyclic structures sharing two adjacent ring atoms. (that is, sharing a bond) to form a fused ring structure.
  • the bridged ring refers to a fused ring structure formed by two or more ring structures sharing two non-adjacent ring atoms with each other.
  • the spiro ring refers to a fused ring structure formed by two or more ring structures sharing one ring atom with each other.
  • the cycloalkyl group can be a C 3-8 monocyclic cycloalkyl group, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, or a C 7-12 cycloalkyl group.
  • Cycloalkyl such as decalin ring.
  • heterocyclyl means a saturated or partially saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring containing 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.
  • the heterocyclyl group may be attached to the remainder of the molecule through any of the carbon atoms or a nitrogen atom, if present.
  • the heterocyclyl group may include but is not limited to 4-20 membered heterocyclyl groups, for example: 4-membered rings, such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl; 5-membered rings, such as tetrahydrofuranyl, Dioxolyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrrolinyl; or 6-membered ring, such as tetrahydropyranyl, piperidyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, Thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl or trithialkyl; or 7-membered ring, such as diazacycloheptyl.
  • 4-membered rings such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl
  • 5-membered rings such as tetrahydrofuranyl, Dioxolyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolid
  • the heterocyclyl group may be benzo-fused.
  • the heterocyclyl group may be bicyclic, such as but not limited to a 5,5-membered ring, such as a hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(1H)-yl ring, or a 5,6-membered bicyclic ring, such as a hexahydropyrrole And [1,2-a]pyrazine-2(1H)-yl ring.
  • the ring containing nitrogen atoms may be partially unsaturated, i.e.
  • it may contain one or more double bonds, such as, but not limited to, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, 4H-[1,3,4]thiodi oxazinyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazolyl, or 4H-[1,4]thiazinyl, or it can be benzo-fused, such as but not limited to dihydroisoquinolinyl.
  • haloalkyl refers to a group in which H on the alkyl group is substituted by halogen.
  • H on the alkyl group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 halogens.
  • the "halo”, “alkyl” and “C 1-12 alkyl” have the definitions above. The substitution is on the same carbon atom or on different carbon atoms.
  • the "halogenated C 1-12 alkyl group” is, for example, trifluoromethyl.
  • C 1-12 alkyl is also applicable to other terms containing “C 1-12 alkyl”, such as "-COC 1-12 alkyl”, “-COC 2-12 alkyl”, “-COC 2-6 alkyl”, etc.
  • alkoxy means an alkyloxy group, where alkyl has the meaning set forth above.
  • haloalkoxy means haloalkyloxy, wherein alkyl has the meaning defined above.
  • hydroxyalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted with a hydroxy group, wherein alkyl has the above definition.
  • alkylamino means wherein alkyl has the meaning defined above.
  • prodrug compound means a covalently bound compound that releases the active parent drug according to Formula I in vivo.
  • Such prodrugs are generally compounds of the invention in which one or more appropriate groups have been modified such that the modification may be reversed upon administration to a human or mammalian subject. Reversal is usually effected by enzymes naturally occurring in such subjects, although a second agent may be administered with such a prodrug to effect reversal in vivo. Examples of such modifications include the pharmaceutically acceptable esters described above, where such reversal can be performed by esterases and the like.
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • MS mass spectrometry
  • the liquid mass spectrometer uses waters 2695+ZQ2000, Shimadzu MS-2020+LC-20AB and Shimadzu LC-40D XR+MS-2020.
  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed using Shimadzu LC-20AB, Shimadzu LC-20ADXR, and Shimadzu LC-40D XR high-performance liquid chromatographs.
  • HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
  • Thin layer chromatography silica gel plates use Yantai Huanghai HSGF254 or Qingdao GF254 silica gel plates.
  • the specifications of silica gel plates used in thin layer chromatography (TLC) are 0.15mm ⁇ 0.2mm.
  • the specifications used for thin layer chromatography separation and purification products are 0.4mm. ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • Silica gel column chromatography generally uses 200-300 mesh silica gel from Yantai Huanghai or Titan Technology as the carrier.
  • the known starting materials of the present disclosure can be synthesized by methods known in the art, or can be purchased from companies such as Titan Technology, Anaiji Chemical, Haohong Biotechnology, and Bide Pharmaceuticals.
  • Argon atmosphere or nitrogen atmosphere means that the reaction bottle is connected to an argon or nitrogen balloon with a volume of about 1L.
  • the reaction is carried out under hydrogen conditions.
  • the hydrogen atmosphere means that the reaction bottle is connected to a hydrogen balloon with a volume of about 1 L.
  • the pressurized hydrogenation reaction uses Parr 3916EKX hydrogenator and Clear Blue QL-500 hydrogen generator or HC2-SS hydrogenator.
  • the hydrogenation reaction is usually evacuated, filled with hydrogen, and repeated three times.
  • the reaction is carried out under microwave conditions, and the microwave reaction uses a CEM Discover-S 908860 microwave reactor.
  • the solution refers to an aqueous solution.
  • the reaction temperature is room temperature, which is 20°C to 30°C.
  • the reaction progress in the embodiment is monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC).
  • TLC thin layer chromatography
  • the developing agent used in the reaction, the column chromatography eluent system and the thin layer chromatography developing agent system used to purify the compound include: A: Petroleum ether/ethyl acetate system, B: methylene chloride/methanol system, the volume ratio of the solvent is adjusted according to the polarity of the compound, and a small amount of alkaline or acidic reagents such as triethylamine and acetic acid can also be added for adjustment.
  • the compounds were purified using preparative HPLC.
  • Dissolve compound 1b (150g, 0.669mol) in tetrahydrofuran (1L), add sodium borohydride (39.5g, 1.037mol) in batches under nitrogen protection, and control the internal temperature not to exceed 25°C.
  • Dissolve iodine (76.4g, 0.301mol) in tetrahydrofuran (340mL) and slowly add it dropwise to the above mixture, controlling the internal temperature at 35°C. After the dropping was completed, the reaction mixture was continued to stir at 35° C. overnight. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, poured into water (900 mL), stirred at room temperature for 1 h, and filtered.
  • the filtrate was concentrated to remove the organic solvent, then added to sodium bisulfite solution (9g sodium bisulfite dissolved in 900 mL water), stirred at room temperature for 0.5h, and filtered. The filter cake was washed with water and dried at 40°C overnight to obtain the title product 1c.
  • the title product 3b was prepared from the intermediate 3a.
  • the title product 3d was prepared from intermediate 3c and benzaldehyde.
  • the title product 4d was prepared from intermediate 4c and benzaldehyde.
  • the title product 5a was prepared from intermediate 3c and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde.
  • the title product 6a was prepared from intermediate 3c and 2-fluorobenzaldehyde.
  • the title product 7a was prepared from intermediate 3c and 3-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde.
  • the title product 8a was prepared from intermediate 3c and 3-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde.
  • the title product 9a was prepared from intermediate 3c and 5-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde.
  • the title product 10a was prepared from intermediate 3c and 5-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde.
  • the title product 12a was prepared from intermediate 11a and (thiophen-2-ylmethyl)diethyl phosphate.
  • the title product 13a was prepared from intermediate 11a and [(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]triphenylphosphonium bromide.
  • the title product 15 was prepared from the intermediate 15a.
  • the title product 17a was prepared from 3-bromopyridine and intermediate 14a.
  • the title product 17 was prepared from the intermediate 17a.
  • the title product 18a was prepared from 4-methylpyridine and intermediate 11a.
  • the title product 18 was prepared from the intermediate 18a.
  • luciferase reporter gene test experiment was performed to test the agonistic activity effect of the disclosed compound on the AHR protein.
  • Human liver cancer cell HepG2-Lucia expressing AHR and luciferase was purchased from InvivoGen, catalog number hpgl-ahr;
  • Multifunctional microplate reader model PHERAstar FSX, BMG LRBTECH company.
  • Penicillin-streptomycin Gibco, catalog number 15140-122;
  • Fetal bovine serum Ausgenex, Cat. No. FBS500-S;
  • NEAA culture medium Gibco Company, Cat. No. 11140-050;
  • FICZ (6-formylindolo[3,2-B]carbazole), MCE Company, product number HY-12451;
  • Zeocin (bleomycin), InvivoGen Company, product number ant-zn-1;
  • HepG2-Lucia AHR cells were cultured in EMEM medium containing 10% inactivated fetal calf serum, 1 ⁇ NEAA, penicillin and streptomycin and 100 ⁇ g/mL Zeocin (bleomycin). The culture temperature was 37°C and the carbon dioxide concentration was 5%.
  • This test example tests and compares the stability of the compounds of the disclosed embodiments, Benvimod and Comparative Example 1 under light conditions.
  • the compounds of the present disclosure are more stable under light conditions: the compound content and/or the degree of content change of the compounds of the present disclosure at 8, 24 and 72 hours is significantly better than that of Benvimod and/or the control.
  • the compound of Example 1 shows that the photostability of the compounds of the present disclosure is significantly improved.

Abstract

本公开提供一种二苯乙烯衍生物及其制备方法和用途,具体地,本公开提供一种式(I-1)所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药作为芳烃受体(AHR)调节剂的用途。式I-1所示的化合物相比上市药物本维莫德大大提高了分子结构的光照稳定性,改善了本维莫德光不稳定现象,在光照下易降解的问题。此外,还显著改善了对AHR蛋白的活性。最后,式I-1所示的化合物制备方法简单,可进行克级或千克级制备,在后续的制剂开发、安全性及临床应用上具有更优的前景。

Description

二苯乙烯衍生物及其制备方法和用途
本申请要求2022年9月22日向中国国家知识产权局提交的,专利申请号为202211170147.6,发明名称为“二苯乙烯衍生物及其制备方法和用途”,及2023年6月2日向中国国家知识产权局提交的,专利申请号为202310654162.6,发明名称为“二苯乙烯衍生物及其制备方法和用途”两件在先申请的优先权。该两件申请的全文通过引用的方式结合于本申请中。
技术领域
本公开属于炎症或免疫相关药物技术领域,具体涉及一种新的二苯乙烯衍生物、其制备方法及含有该衍生物的药物组合物,以及它们作为治疗剂,特别是作为芳烃受体(Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor,AHR)调节剂的用途。
背景技术
芳烃受体AHR,也被称为二噁英受体,是转录调节因子bHLH(basic Helix-Loop-Helix)-PAS(Per-ARNT-Sim)家族的一员。bHLH-PAS家族成员的独特特征是具有PAS域,此域的名称来源于最先发现具有这个基序的三个蛋白:Drosophila Per,Human ARNT和Drosophila Sim。PAS结构域由260-310个氨基酸组成,包括两个非常保守性的疏水重复序列,称为PAS-A和PAS-B,由一个保守性比较差的序列所间隔。bHLH结构域负责与DNA结合,串联的PAS结构域(PAS-A和PAS-B)参与蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和配体结合。在AHR中,配体结合发生在PAS-B结构域。bHLH-PAS家族成员中N端bHLH-PAS区域保守较好。AHR的大部分非保守性变化发生在转录激活域,导致与其他共激活子、辅抑制子或核受体的不同蛋白-蛋白相互作用,调控不同的基因表达。
在没有配体存在下,AHR是存在于细胞溶质中,与多种伴侣蛋白相结合,包括一个二聚体的热休克蛋白90(heat shock protein 90,HSP90),辅助伴侣蛋白p23、AHR作用蛋白(AHR-Interacting Protein,AIP)和蛋白激酶Src。当与配体结合时,AHR改变其构象,转位到细胞核,与伴侣复合物分离,然后与AHR核转位蛋白(Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor Nucleus Translocator,ARNT)形成异二聚体。AHR调控基因上游的调控区域包含一个DNA共有序列(5'-TNGCGTG-3'),称为外来响应元件(Xenobiotic Responsive Element,XRE),也叫二噁英响应元件(Dioxin Responsive Element,DRE)。它作为转录增强子,是一个和AHR结合的位点。AHR-ARNT异二聚体复合物被XRE招募,启动靶基因的转录。
研究表明,AHR参与细胞生理、宿主防御、免疫细胞增殖分化和解毒等生理过程。AHR在免疫系统的许多细胞中表达,包括树突状细胞、巨噬细胞、T细胞和NK细胞等。
由于AHR的配体结合位点是结构灵活的,许多小分子可以作为配体,包括外源性配体如多环芳烃、二噁英和多氯联苯等;内源性配体如色氨酸降解的代谢产物,食物来源的配体和细菌、微生物代谢途径的产物。例如AHR调节剂本维莫德是由昆虫病原线虫的细菌共生体产生的天然衍生小分子,是全球首个上市的芳烃受体激动剂,可用于治疗多种自身免疫性疾病,如银屑病、湿疹等。但是本维莫德由于自身的结构特点,例如存在光不稳定现象,在光照下易降解,限制了其应用。因此,开发对光更稳定的AHR调节剂,对于扩大其临床应用范围和降低潜在的副作用,意义重大。
发明内容
为改善现有技术的上述问题,本公开提供如下式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药:
其中,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:C6-20芳基或5至20元杂芳基;
每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C1-12烷氧基;
每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C1-12烷氧基;且
n为1或2。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其中,每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C2-6直链烷基、卤代C1-6烷基、-COC2-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药为式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药:
其中:
Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:C6-20芳基或5至20元杂芳基;
每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C1-12烷氧基;
R1如式I-1中所定义。
进一步地,本公开提供如下式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药:
其中,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:C6-20芳基或5-20元杂芳基;
每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C1-12烷氧基;
R1选自卤素、氰基、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C1-12烷氧基。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,所述的式I-1或式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其中,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:6至10元芳基或5至10元杂芳基;Rs如式I-1或式I中所定义;优选地,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:苯基或5至10元杂芳基;Rs如式I-1或式I中所定义;更优选地,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:苯基或5至6元杂芳基;Rs如式I-1或式I中所定义;最优选地,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:苯基、吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基、噻吩基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基;Rs如式I-1或式I中所定义。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,所述的式I-1或式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前 药,其中,每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地为F、Cl、Br、甲基或氰基。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,所述的式I-1或式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其中,每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C1-6烷基、卤代C1-6烷基、-COC1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基;优选地,每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基;更优选地,每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基;最优选地,每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地为卤素。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,所述的式I或式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其中,每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-6烷基、卤代C1-6烷基、-COC1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基;优选地,每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基;更优选地,每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基;最优选地,每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地为卤素;例如Rs为F、Cl、甲基或甲氧基。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,所述的式I-1或式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其中,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个如下基团取代的C6-14芳基或5至14元杂芳基:卤素,C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基;R1选自F、Cl、Br、氰基、C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基、-COC1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基,优选为F、Cl、Br、氰基、C1-3烷基或卤代C1-3烷基。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,所述的式I-1或式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其中,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:苯基、吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基、2-噻吩基、2-哒嗪基、2-喹啉基,Rs如式I-1或式I中所定义;优选地,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:苯基、吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基、2-噻吩基、2-哒嗪基、2-喹啉基;Rs为卤素;例如Ar选自被一个、两个或更多个选自氟、氯、溴、甲基或甲氧基的取代基取代的苯基、吡啶基、噻吩基、哒嗪基或喹啉基,其实例可以选自4-氟代苯基、2-氟代苯基、2-哒嗪基、2-噻吩基、2-喹啉基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、
R1选自F、Cl、Br、甲基、甲氧基、氰基、乙酰基、
在一个实施方案中,R1取代在苯环上其中一个羟基的邻位,或同时取代在两个羟基的邻位。
在一个实施方案中,当Ar为杂芳基时,其2位,3位或4位与烯基相连。
作为示例,式I-1或式I所示的化合物选自包括但不限于:
表A:

根据本公开的实施方案,所述前药可以是式I-1或式I所示的化合物的至少一个羟基与药学上可接受的具有至少一个羧基的化合物形成的酯。作为实例,所述具有至少一个羧基的化合物可以为一元、二元或多元有机酸(例如乙酸、磷酸)。或者作为选择,当所述有机酸为二元或多元有机酸时,其可以通过1个羧基与式I所示的化合物成酯,而其他羧基与羟基取代的C1-12烷基反应成酯。
本公开的另一方面涉及式I-1d所示的化合物或其盐:
其中:
R选自烷基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基,其中所述的烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基各自独立地任选被选自卤素、氧代基(=O)、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、硝基、氰基、氨基、烷基氨基、羟基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个,两个或更多个取代基所取代;优选地,R为C1-6烷基;
每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C2-12烷氧基,优选为F、Cl、Br、氰基、C1-3烷基或卤代C1-3烷基;
Ar和n如式I-1或式I中所定义。
表B本公开的典型中间体化合物包括但不限于:
本公开的另一方面涉及一种制备式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可接受的盐的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
式I-1d所示的化合物或其盐在酸性条件下发生脱保护反应,得到式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体或其可药用的盐;
其中:
R选自烷基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基,其中所述的烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基各自独立地任选被选自卤素、氧代基(=O)、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、硝基、氰基、氨基、烷基氨基、羟基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个,两个或更多个取代基所取代;优选地,R为C1-6烷基;
每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C2-6直链烷基、卤代C1-6烷基、-COC2-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基,优选为F、Cl、Br、氰基或卤代C1-3烷基;
Ar和n如式I-1或式I中所定义。
本公开还提供式I所示化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)当R1为卤素时,式I化合物采用如下方法制备:
S5)式Id所示的化合物或其盐与吡啶盐酸盐加热反应得到式I所示的化合物;或者,式Id所示的化合物或其盐用三溴化硼脱除甲基后用水淬灭反应得到式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐;
2)当R1为甲基时,式I化合物采用如下方法制备:
S5’)化合物Id’与吡啶盐酸盐加热反应得到式I所示的化合物;
其中,Ar和R1具有如式I-1或式I中所定义。
在一个实施方案中,化合物Id采用如下方法制备但不限于此:
S1)3,5-二甲氧基-4-异丙基苄醇与卤代试剂(例如N-氯代丁二酰亚胺,1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷二(四氟硼酸)盐或N-溴代丁二酰亚胺)反应得到化合物Ia;
S2)将化合物Ia加入到浓盐酸和正己烷的混合溶液中加热反应得到化合物Ib;
S3)化合物Ib与亚磷酸三乙酯加热反应得到化合物Ic;
S4)化合物Ic与化合物在碱性化合物(例如叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠等碱性化合物)存在下反应得到化合物Id;
化合物中的Ar基团具有如上式I-1或式I中相同的定义。
任选地,所述制备方法还包括将式I-1、式I或表A所示的化合物制备成盐的步骤。
本公开还提供一种药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的式I-1、式I或表A所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可接受的盐或前药中的至少一种。
根据本公开的实施方案,所述药物组合物进一步还包括一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
根据本公开的实施方案,所述药物组合物为芳烃受体(AHR)调节剂。
根据本公开的实施方案,所述芳烃受体(AHR)调节剂用于缓解和/或治疗如下疾病或病症:癌症、眼科相关疾病、自身免疫疾病、以及其他具有免疫学因素的病症或不适;所述癌症优选为白血病、前列腺癌和肠癌;所述眼科相关疾病优选为葡萄膜炎、年龄相关性黄斑变性和干眼症;所述自身免疫疾病优选为类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、系统性红斑狼疮、炎性肠病、1型糖尿病、白癜风、特应性皮炎和银屑病;其他具有免疫学因素的病症或不适优选为哮喘、变态反应、感染、骨质疏松、动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病、移植物抗宿主病和移植排异。
本公开还提供式I-1、式I或表A所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可接受的盐或前药中的至少一种在制备芳烃受体(AHR)调节剂中的用途。
本公开还提供一种缓解和/或治疗芳烃受体(AHR)介导的疾病或病症的方法,包括给予患者治疗有效量的如式I-1、式I或表A所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可接受的盐或前药中的至少一种,或如上所述药物组合物。
根据本公开的实施方案,所述芳烃受体(AHR)介导的疾病或病症包括:癌症、眼科相关疾病、自身免疫疾病、以及其他具有免疫学因素的病症或不适;所述癌症优选为白血病、前列腺癌和肠癌;所述眼科相关疾病优选为葡萄膜炎、年龄相关性黄斑变性和干眼症;所述自身免疫疾病优选为类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、系统性红斑狼疮、炎性肠病、1型糖尿病、白癜风、特应性皮炎和银屑病;其他具有免疫学因素的病症或不适优选为哮喘、变态反应、感染、骨质疏松、动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病、移植物抗宿主病和移植排异。
有益效果
本公开通过对本维莫德的结构进行改进,获得的化合物相比上市药物本维莫德大大提高了分子结构的光照稳定性,改善了本维莫德光不稳定现象,在光照下易降解的问题。此外,部分化合物还显著改善了对AHR蛋白的活性或取得至少不低于本维莫德的活性。
最后,所得化合物制备方法简单,可进行克级或千克级制备,在后续的制剂开发、安全性及临床应用上具有更优的前景。
术语定义与说明
除非另有定义,否则本文所有科技术语具有的含义与权利要求主题所属领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。
除非另有说明,本申请说明书和权利要求书中记载的基团和术语定义,包括其作为实例的定义、示例性的定义、优选的定义、表格中记载的定义、实施例中具体化合物的定义等,可以彼此之间任意组合和结合。 这样的组合和结合后的基团定义及化合物结构,应当被理解为本申请说明书和/或权利要求书记载的范围内。
除非另有说明,本说明书和权利要求书记载的数值范围相当于至少记载了其中每一个具体的整数数值。例如,数值范围“1-10”相当于记载了数值范围“1-10”中的每一个整数数值即1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10。此外,当某些数值范围被定义为“数”时,应当理解为记载了该范围的两个端点、该范围内的每一个整数以及该范围内的每一个小数。例如,“0~10的数”应当理解为不仅记载了0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的每一个整数,还至少记载了其中每一个整数分别与0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9的和。
应当理解,本文在描述一个、两个或更多个中,“更多个”应当是指大于2,例如大于等于3的整数,例如3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10。
取代基中与化学键一起组合使用的“—*”表示连接位点。
术语“卤素”包括F、Cl、Br或I。
术语“烷基”应理解为表示直链或支链饱和一价烃基,例如C1-12烷基。
术语“C1-12烷基”应理解为表示具有1~12个碳原子的直链或支链饱和一价烃基,优选为C1-6烷基。“C1-6烷基”应理解为优选表示具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的直链或支链饱和一价烃基,优选为C2-6烷基,更优选为C2-6直链烷基。所述烷基是例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、2-甲基丁基、1-甲基丁基、1-乙基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、新戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、4-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、1-甲基戊基、2-乙基丁基、1-乙基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基或1,2-二甲基丁基等或它们的异构体。特别地,所述基团具有1、2或3个碳原子(“C1-3烷基”),例如甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基。
术语“芳基”应理解为表示具有6~20个碳原子的一价芳香性或部分芳香性的单环、双环或三环烃环基团,优选C6-20芳基。
术语“C6-20芳基”应理解为表示具有6~20个碳原子的一价芳香性或部分芳香性的单环、双环或三环烃环基团,优选“C6-14芳基”。术语“C6-14芳基”应理解为优选表示具有6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14个碳原子的一价芳香性或部分芳香性的单环、双环或三环烃环(“C6-14芳基”),优选为6至10元芳基。如具有6个碳原子的环(“C6芳基”),例如苯基;或联苯基,或者是具有9个碳原子的环(“C9芳基”),例如茚满基或茚基,或者是具有10个碳原子的环(“C10芳基”),例如四氢化萘基、二氢萘基或萘基,或者是具有13个碳原子的环(“C13芳基”),例如芴基,或者是具有14个碳原子的环(“C14芳基”),例如蒽基。当所述芳基被取代时,其可以为单取代或者多取代。并且,对其取代位点没有限制,例如可以为邻位、对位或间位取代。
术语“杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系:其具有5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13……或20个环原子,优选5至20元杂芳基。
术语“5至20元杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系:其具有5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13……或20个环原子,特别是5或6或9或10个碳原子(如优选5至10元杂芳基),且其包含1-5个,优选1-3个独立选自N、O和S的杂原子。并且,另外在每一种情况下可为苯并稠合的。特别地,杂芳基选自噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、噁唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、噻-4H-吡唑基等以及它们的苯并衍生物,例如苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基、吲唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚基等;或吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基等,以及它们的苯并衍生物,例如喹啉基、喹唑啉基、异喹啉基等;或吖辛因基、吲嗪基、嘌呤基等以及它们的苯并衍生物;或噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基等。当所述5-10元杂芳基被取代时,其可以为单取代或者多取代。并且,对其取代位点没有限制,例如可以为杂芳基环上与碳原子相连的氢被取代,或者杂芳基环上与杂原子相连的氢被取代。
除非另有说明,杂芳基或亚杂芳基包括其所有可能的异构形式,例如其位置异构体。因此,对于一些说明性的非限制性实例,可以包括在其1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、8-、9-、10-位等(如果存在)中的一个、两个或更多个位置上取代或与其他基团键合的形式,包括吡啶-2-基、亚吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、亚吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基和亚吡啶-4-基;噻吩基或亚噻吩基包括噻吩-2-基、亚噻吩-2-基、噻吩-3-基和亚噻吩-3-基;吡唑-1-基、吡唑-3-基、吡唑-4-基、吡唑-5-基。
术语“环烷基”应理解为表示饱和且具有3-20个碳原子的一价单环、双环烃环或多环烃环(也称稠环烃环),其优选具有3-12个碳原子。双环或多环环烷基包括并环环烷基、桥环烷基、螺环烷基;所述的并环是指由两个或两个以上环状结构彼此公用两个相邻的环原子(即共用一个键)所形成的稠环结构。所述的桥环是指有两个或两个以上环状结构彼此共用两个非相邻的环原子所形成的稠环结构。所述的螺环是指由两个或两个以上环状结构彼此共用一个环原子所形成的稠环结构。例如所述环烷基可以是C3-8单环环烷基,如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基,或者是C7-12并环环烷基,如十氢化萘环。
术语“杂环基”意指饱和或部分饱和的一价单环或双环烃环,其包含1-5个,优选1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子。所述杂环基可以通过所述碳原子中的任一个或氮原子(如果存在的话)与分子的其余部分连接。特别地,所述杂环基可以包括但不限于4-20元杂环基,例如:4元环,如氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基;5元环,如四氢呋喃基、二氧杂环戊烯基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、吡咯啉基;或6元环,如四氢吡喃基、哌啶基、吗啉基、二噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、哌嗪基或三噻烷基;或7元环,如二氮杂环庚烷基。任选地,所述杂环基可以是苯并稠合的。所述杂环基可以是双环的,例如但不限于5,5元环,如六氢环戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基环,或者5,6元双环,如六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2(1H)-基环。含氮原子的环可以是部分不饱和的,即它可以包含一个或多个双键,例如但不限于2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯基、4H-[1,3,4]噻二嗪基、4,5-二氢噁唑基,或4H-[1,4]噻嗪基,或者,它可以是苯并稠合的,例如但不限于二氢异喹啉基。
术语“卤代烷基”表示烷基上的H被卤素取代的基团,例如烷基上的H任选被1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个卤素取代的情况,所述“卤代”、“烷基”和“C1-12烷基”具有如上所述定义。所述取代为取代在同一个碳原子上,或不同的碳原子上。任选“卤代C1-6烷基”。所述“卤代C1-12烷基”例如为三氟甲基。
上述对术语的定义同样适用于含有该术语的其他术语。例如,上述对术语“C1-12烷基”的定义同样适用于含有“C1-12烷基”的其他术语,如“-COC1-12烷基”、“-COC2-12烷基”、“-COC2-6烷基”等等。
又如,术语“烷氧基”表示烷基氧基,其中烷基具有如上所述的定义。
术语“卤代烷氧基”表示卤代烷基氧基,其中烷基具有如上所述定义。
术语“羟烷基”表示羟基取代的烷基,其中烷基具有如上所述定义。
术语“烷基氨基”表示,其中烷基具有如上所述定义。
术语“前药化合物”,表示在体内释放根据式I的活性母体药物的共价键合的化合物。这样的前药通常是其中一个以上的适当基团已被修饰,使得在给药至人或哺乳动物受试者后该修饰可能被逆转的本发明化合物。通常通过这类受试者中天然存在的酶来进行逆转,尽管可能将第二药剂与这种前药一起给药以便在体内进行逆转。这类修饰的实例包括上文所述的药学上可接受的酯,其中可以由酯酶等进行这种逆转。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解,下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明,而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明,以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品,或者可以通过已知方法制备。
本公开中化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)或/和质谱(MS)来确定的。NMR位移(δ)以10-6(ppm)的单位给出。NMR的测定是用Bruker AVANCE-400核磁仪,测定溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6)、氘代氯仿(CDCl3)、氘代甲醇(CD3OD),内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
液质联用仪使用waters 2695+ZQ2000、Shimadzu MS-2020+LC-20AB和Shimadzu LC-40D XR+MS-2020。
高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析使用Shimadzu LC-20AB、Shimadzu LC-20ADXR和Shimadzu LC-40D XR高效液相色谱仪。
手性HPLC分析测定使用Shimadzu LC-30AD高效液相色谱仪。
高效液相制备使用Shimadzu LC-20AP和Gilson GX-281制备型色谱仪。
实施例中若存在手性分子制备的,手性制备使用Waters 150Mgm,Waters SFC 350制备型色谱仪。
CombiFlash快速制备仪使用CH-200P(Agela&Phenomenex)。
薄层层析硅胶板使用烟台黄海HSGF254或青岛GF254硅胶板,薄层色谱法(TLC)使用的硅胶板采用的规格是0.15mm~0.2mm,薄层层析分离纯化产品采用的规格是0.4mm~0.5mm。
硅胶柱色谱法一般使用烟台黄海或者泰坦科技的200~300目硅胶为载体。
本公开的已知的起始原料可以采用或按照本领域已知的方法来合成,或可购买自泰坦科技,安耐吉化学,皓鸿生物科技,毕得医药等公司。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应均能够在氩气氛或氮气氛下进行。
氩气氛或氮气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氩气或氮气气球。
实施例中如说明反应是在氢气条件下进行的,氢气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氢气气球。加压氢化反应使用Parr 3916EKX型氢化仪和清蓝QL-500型氢气发生器或HC2-SS型氢化仪。氢化反应通常抽真空,充入氢气,反复操作3次。
实施例中如说明反应是在微波条件下进行的,微波反应使用CEM Discover-S 908860型微波反应器。实施例中无特殊说明,溶液是指水溶液。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应的温度为室温,为20℃~30℃。
实施例中的反应进程的监测采用薄层色谱法(TLC),反应所使用的展开剂,纯化化合物采用的柱层析的洗脱剂的体系和薄层色谱法的展开剂体系包括:A:石油醚/乙酸乙酯体系,B:二氯甲烷/甲醇体系,溶剂的体积比根据化合物的极性不同而进行调节,也可以加入少量的三乙胺和醋酸等碱性或酸性试剂进行调节。
在某些实施例中纯化化合物采用制备HPLC。
实施例1
(E)-4-氯-2-异丙基-5-苯乙烯基苯-1,3-二醇1
第一步
4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸1b
将水(98g,9.44mol)小心加入到浓硫酸(1.087kg,11.007mol)中,再加入化合物1a(250g,1.274mol),控制内温不超过40℃。往上述混合物中滴加入异丙醇(110g,1.835mol),控制内温40~45℃,滴加完后 在50℃搅拌反应过夜。将反应液冷却至室温,然后缓慢倒入到冰水(1kg)中,在40℃下搅拌1h。将混合物过滤,滤饼用水洗涤后溶于乙酸乙酯(250g),加热回流1h。控制内温在65~70℃下加入正己烷(1L),继续搅拌0.5h,然后冷却至0℃,继续搅拌1h。将混合物过滤,滤饼用正己烷洗涤,在40℃下干燥过夜得到标题产物1b。
第二步
(4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)甲醇1c
将化合物1b(150g,0.669mol)溶于四氢呋喃(1L),在氮气保护下分批加入硼氢化钠(39.5g,1.037mol),控制内温不超过25℃。将碘(76.4g,0.301mol)溶于四氢呋喃(340mL),缓慢滴加入上述混合物中,控制内温在35℃。滴完后,将反应混合物继续在35℃下搅拌反应过夜。将反应液冷却至室温,倒入水(900mL)中,然后在室温下搅拌1h,过滤。滤液浓缩除去有机溶剂,然后加入到亚硫酸氢钠溶液(9g亚硫酸氢钠溶于900mL水中)中,室温下搅拌0.5h,过滤。滤饼用水洗涤,在40℃下干燥过夜得到标题产物1c。
第三步
(2-氯-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)甲醇1d
将化合物1c(5g,23.8mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(50mL),然后在0℃下加入N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(2.85g,21.3mmol)的四氢呋喃(50mL)溶液,继续在室温下搅拌反应2h。将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(100mL)稀释,用水(100mL)和饱和食盐水(100mL)洗涤。分出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化得到标题产物1d。
第四步
2-氯-1-氯甲基-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯1e
将化合物1d(5.2g,21.3mmol)分批加入到浓盐酸(60mL)和正己烷(50mL)的混合液中,然后在55℃下搅拌反应4h。冷却到室温后,将反应液倒入水(100mL)中,经硅藻土过滤。滤液分出有机相,分别用饱和食盐水(200mL)、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(200mL)和水(200mL)洗涤。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩后得到标题产物1e。
第五步
(2-氯-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苄基)磷酸二乙酯1f
将化合物1e(3.2g,12.2mmol)加入到亚磷酸三乙酯(30mL)中,在氮气保护下加热到160℃搅拌反应5h。冷却到室温后,浓缩得到粗品标题产物1f。
第六步
(E)-2-氯-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基-1-苯乙烯基苯1g
将化合物1f(4.5g,粗品),苯甲醛(1.2g,11.3mol)和叔丁醇钾(1.6g,14.3mol)加入到四氢呋喃(50mL)中,在氮气保护下加热到50℃搅拌反应2h。冷却到室温后,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,然后用水(50mL)和饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤。有机相分离后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化得到标题化合物1g。
第七步
(E)-4-氯-2-异丙基-5-苯乙烯基苯-1,3-二醇1
将化合物1g(1.3g,4.1mmol)和吡啶盐酸盐(3g)混合,在氮气保护下加热到180℃,搅拌反应3h。冷却到室温后,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,然后用水(50mL)和饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤。有机相分离后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化得到标题产物1。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):289.05[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.54-7.51(m,2H),7.39-7.34(m,2H),7.31-7.25(m,2H),7.01-6.96(m,1H),6.68(s,1H),4.82(s,1H),4.64(s,1H),3.53-3.48(m,1H),1.37(d,J=6.8Hz,6H)。
实施例2
(E)-2-异丙基-4-甲基-5-苯乙烯基苯-1,3-二醇2
(E)-2-异丙基-4-甲基-5-苯乙烯基苯-1,3-二醇2
在氮气保护下将化合物2a(3.80kg)和吡啶盐酸盐(11.15kg)加入到100L玻璃反应釜中,搅拌下将反应液升温至165~175℃至溶解,保温反应5h。反应完成后,将反应液降温至80~90℃后倒入稀盐酸(由19.00kg水和0.94kg浓盐酸混合所得)中搅拌,加入甲基叔丁基醚(14.05kg),搅拌15~20min,静置分层。分离有机相,减压浓缩。向浓缩残余物中加入甲基叔丁基醚(2.80kg),搅拌溶清,滴加正庚烷(10.40kg),置于冰水浴中,搅拌1h,过滤。滤液浓缩得到棕黑色油状物。将上述油状物经硅胶柱层析纯化,再经制备HPLC纯化得到标题产物2。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):267.14[M-H]-
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.38(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.26(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.17-7.15(m,2H),6.75(d,J=16Hz,1H),6.49(s,1H),4.74(s,1H),4.68(s,1H),3.43-3.34(m,1H),2.13(s,3H),1.30(d,J=7.2Hz,6H)。
实施例3
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-苯乙烯基苯-1,3-二醇3
第一步
(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)甲醇3a
将化合物1c(25g,118.90mmol)溶于乙腈(250mL))中,置于冰水浴中,在氮气保护下分批加入1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-重氮化二环2.2.2辛烷双(四氟硼酸)盐(42.12g,118.90mmol)。将反应混合物继续在25℃下搅拌反应5h。将反应液倒入到乙酸乙酯(300mL)中,分别用水(300mL)和饱和食盐水(300mL)洗涤。分出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析色谱纯化得到标题产物3a。
第二步
2-氟-1-氯甲基-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯3b
参照实施例1中第四步的合成方法,由中间体3a制备得到标题产物3b。
第三步
(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苄基)磷酸二乙酯3c
参照实施例1中第五步的合成方法,由中间体3b制备得到标题产物3c。
第四步
(E)-2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基-1-苯乙烯基苯3d
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体3c和苯甲醛制备得到标题产物3d。
第五步
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-苯乙烯基苯-1,3-二醇3
参照实施例1中第七步的合成方法,由中间体3d制备得到标题产物3。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):273.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.52-7.49(m,2H),7.38-7.34(m,2H),7.29-7.25(m,1H),7.16-7.03(m,2H),6.49(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),5.22(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.64(s,1H),3.50-3.42(m,1H),1.37(d,J=7.2Hz,6H)。19F NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ-154.66(1F)。
实施例4
(E)-4-溴-2-异丙基-5-苯乙烯基苯-1,3-二醇4
第一步
(2-溴-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)甲醇4a
将化合物1c(10g,47.6mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(100mL)中,然后在室温下滴加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(7.62g,42.8mmol)的四氢呋喃(30mL)溶液,继续在室温下搅拌反应3h。将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(100mL)稀释,分别用水(50mL)和饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤。分出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化得到化合物4a。
第二步
2-溴-1-氯甲基-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯4b
参照实施例1中第四步的合成方法,由中间体4a制备得到标题产物4b。
第三步
(2-溴-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苄基)磷酸二乙酯4c
参照实施例1中第五步的合成方法,由中间体4b制备得到标题产物4c。
第四步
(E)-2-溴-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基-1-苯乙烯基苯4d
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体4c和苯甲醛制备得到标题产物4d。
第五步
(E)-4-溴-2-异丙基-5-苯乙烯基苯-1,3-二醇4
参照实施例1中第七步的合成方法,由中间体4d制备得到标题产物4。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):333.08[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.54-7.51(m,2H),7.39-7.34(m,2H),7.32-7.25(m,2H),6.97-6.92(m,1H),6.69(s,1H),5.80(s,1H),4.85(s,1H),3.57-3.49(m,1H),1.36(d,J=7.2Hz,6H).
实施例5
(E)-4-氟-5-(4-氟苯乙烯基)-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇5
第一步
(E)-2-氟-1-(4-氟苯乙烯基)-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯5a
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体3c和4-氟苯甲醛制备得到标题产物5a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-5-(4-氟苯乙烯基)-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇5
参照实施例1中第七步的合成方法,由中间体5a制备得到标题产物5。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):291.74[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.09(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),9.05(s,1H),7.67-7.62(m,2H),7.22-7.17(m,2H),7.14-6.99(m,2H),6.51(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.49-3.41(m,1H),1.27(d,J=7.2Hz,6H)。19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-114.09(1F),-150.87(1F)。
实施例6
(E)-4-氟-5-(2-氟苯乙烯基)-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇6
第一步
(E)-2-氟-1-(2-氟苯乙烯基)-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯6a
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体3c和2-氟苯甲醛制备得到标题产物6a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-5-(2-氟苯乙烯基)-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇6
参照实施例1中第七步的合成方法,由中间体6a制备得到标题产物6。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):291.26[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.15(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),9.09(s,1H),7.83-7.78(m,1H),7.37-7.31(m,1H),7.28-7.21(m,3H),7.14-7.09(m,1H),6.54(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.49-3.41(m,1H),1.25(d,J=7.2Hz,6H);19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-118.95(1F),-150.76(1F).
实施例7
(E)-4-氟-5-[2-(3-氟吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇7
第一步
(E)-3-氟-2-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)吡啶7a
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体3c和3-氟-2-吡啶甲醛制备得到标题产物7a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-5-[2-(3-氟吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇7
将化合物7a(100mg,0.31mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,在氮气保护下在0℃下滴加入三溴化硼(1.3mL,1.3mmol,1M的二氯甲烷溶液),然后在室温下搅拌反应0.5h。用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(50mL)淬灭,用二氯甲烷(50mL)稀释。有机相分离后用饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化得到化合物7。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):292.42[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.23(s,1H),9.15(s,1H),8.48-8.45(m,1H),7.79-7.71(m,2H),7.41-7.36(m,1H),7.26-7.19(m,1H),6.60(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.49-3.42(m,1H),1.26(d,J=6.4Hz,6H)。19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-127.60(1F),-150.31(1F)。
实施例8
(E)-5-[2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-4-氟-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇8
第一步
(E)-3-氯-2-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)吡啶8a
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体3c和3-氯-2-吡啶甲醛制备得到标题产物8a。
第二步
(E)-5-[2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-4-氟-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇8
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体8a制备得到标题产物8。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):308.28[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.25(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),9.18(s,1H),8.56(dd,J=4.4Hz,1.2Hz,1H),7.94(dd,J=8.0Hz,1.2Hz,1H),7.84-7.80(m,1H),7.48-7.43(m,1H),7.33(dd,J=8.0Hz,4.4Hz,1H),6.61(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.50-3.42(m,1H),1.26(d,J=7.2Hz,6H)。19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-149.99(1F)。
实施例9
(E)-4-氟-5-[2-(5-氟吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇9
第一步
(E)-5-氟-2-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)吡啶9a
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体3c和5-氟-2-吡啶甲醛制备得到标题产物9a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-5-[2-(5-氟吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇9
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体9a制备得到标题产物9。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):292.34[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.17(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),9.12(s,1H),8.56(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),7.75-7.64(m,2H),7.58-7.53(m,1H),7.11-7.06(m,1H),6.54(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.49-3.41(m,1H),1.26(d,J=7.2Hz,6H)。19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-128.86(1F),-150.44(1F)。
实施例10
(E)-5-[2-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-4-氟-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇10
第一步
(E)-5-氯-2-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)吡啶10a
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体3c和5-氯-2-吡啶甲醛制备得到标题产物10a。
第二步
(E)-5-[2-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-4-氟-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇10
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体10a制备得到标题产物10。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):308.05[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.19(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),9.14(s,1H),8.60(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.91(dd,J=8.4Hz,2.4Hz,1H),7.66-7.60(m,2H),7.10-7.06(m,1H),6.56(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.79-3.39(m,1H),1.25(d,J=7.2Hz,6H)。19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-150.19(1F)。
实施例11
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(哒嗪-3-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇11
第一步
2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛11a
将化合物3a(15g,65.71mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(300mL)中,然后加入戴斯-马丁试剂(30.66g,72.29mmol),在20~25℃下搅拌反应16h。往反应混合物中加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(200mL)。分出有机相,再用饱和食盐水(100mL)洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析色谱纯化得到标题产物11a。
第二步
(E)-3-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)哒嗪11b
将化合物11a(240.3mg,1.0mmol)和3-甲基哒嗪(100mg,1.0mmol)溶于2-甲基-2-丁醇(1.5mL)中,然后加入氢氧化钾(59.6mg,1.0mmol),加热至120℃下搅拌反应0.5h。冷却反应至室温,往反应混合物中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(100mL)和水(100mL),用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取。分出有机相,用饱和食盐水(100mL)洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析色谱纯化得到标题产物11b。
第三步
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(哒嗪-3-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇11
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体11b制备得到标题产物11。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):275.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.29-9.26(m,1H),9.24-9.21(m,1H),9.11-9.08(m,1H),8.03(dd,J=8.4Hz,1.6Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),7.68(dd,J=8.4Hz,4.8Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),6.60(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.51-3.42(m,1H),1.26(d,J=7.2Hz,6H)。19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-149.71(1F)。
实施例12
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(噻吩-2-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇12
第一步
(E)-2-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)噻吩12a
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体11a和(噻吩-2-基甲基)磷酸二乙酯制备得到标题产物12a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(噻吩-2-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇12
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体12a制备得到标题产物12。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):279.0[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.14(s,1H),9.11-9.05(m,1H),7.48(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),7.07(dd,J=5.2Hz,3.6Hz,1H),6.83(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),6.46(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.47-3.40(m,1H),1.24(d,J=7.2Hz,6H)。19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-151.18(1F)。
实施例13
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇13
第一步
(E)-2-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)-6-甲基吡啶13a
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体11a和[(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)甲基]三苯基溴化鏻制备得到标题产物13a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇13
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体13a制备得到标题产物13。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):288.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.64-7.53(m,2H),7.27-7.25(m,1H),7.16(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),7.05(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.54(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),3.52-3.45(m,1H),2.60(s,3H),1.38(d,J=7.2Hz,6H).19F NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ-153.59(1F).
实施例14
(E)-4-氟-5-[2-(6-氟吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇14
第一步
2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基-1-乙烯基苯14a
将化合物甲基三苯基溴化膦(4.7g,13.2mmol)溶于二氧六环(30mL)中,然后加入碳酸钾(3.6g,26.5mmol)和11a(3g,13.2mmol),加热至110℃搅拌反应6h。冷却体系至室温,加入水(50mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取。分出有机相,用饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析色谱纯化得到标题产物14a。
第二步
(E)-2-氟-6-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)吡啶14b
将化合物14a(1.00g,4.46mmol)和2-溴-6-氟吡啶(1.18g,6.69mmol)溶于二氧六环(10mL)中,置换氮气三次,然后加入三乙胺(1.35g,13.3mmol)和(1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁)二氯化钯(326mg,445μmol),加热至95℃搅拌反应16h。冷却体系至室温,加入水(50mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取。分出有机相,用饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析色谱纯化得到标题产物14b。
第三步
(E)-4-氟-5-[2-(6-氟吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]-2-异丙基苯-1,3-二醇14
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体14b制备得到标题产物14。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):292.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.23(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),9.17(s,1H),8.01-7.94(m,1H),7.59(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.50-7.46(m,1H),7.10-7.00(m,2H),6.55(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.49-3.42(m,1H),1.26(d,J=7.2Hz,6H).19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-66.80(1F),-150.07(1F).
实施例15
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇15
第一步
(E)-2-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)喹啉15a
将化合物2-甲基喹啉(300mg,2.10mmol)和11a(474mg,2.10mmol)溶于乙酸酐(5mL)中,加热至130℃搅拌反应12h。冷却体系至室温,加入水(50mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取。分出有机相,用饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析色谱纯化得到标题产物15a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇15
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体15a制备得到标题产物15。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):324.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.27(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),9.23(s,1H),8.35(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.00-7.94(m,2H),7.87(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.80-7.73(m,2H),7.58-7.54(m,1H),7.25(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.48-3.45(m,1H),1.27(d,J=6.8Hz,6H).19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-149.88(1F).
实施例16
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇16
第一步
(E)-2-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)吡啶16a
参照实施例1中第六步的合成方法,由中间体11a和[(吡啶-2-基)甲基]三苯基溴化鏻制备得到标题产物 16a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(吡啶-2-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇16
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体16a制备得到标题产物16。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):274.0[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.20(s,1H),9.15(s,1H),8.58(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.86-7.78(m,1H),7.66(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.62-7.59(m,1H),7.33-7.26(m,1H),7.08(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.56(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.49-3.43(m,1H),1.26(d,J=7.2Hz,6H).19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-150.29(1F).
实施例17
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(吡啶-3-基)乙烯基]-苯-1,3-二醇17
第一步
(E)-3-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)吡啶17a
参照实施例14中第二步的合成方法,由3-溴吡啶和中间体14a制备得到标题产物17a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(吡啶-3-基)乙烯基]-苯-1,3-二醇17
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体17a制备得到标题产物17。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):274.0[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.36-9.05(m,2H),9.00-8.90(m,1H),8.62-8.58(m,1H),8.51-8.38(m,1H),7.75-7.62(m,1H),7.41(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),7.11(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),6.54(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.50-3.42(m,1H),1.26(d,J=7.2Hz,6H).19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-149.83(1F).
实施例18
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(吡啶-4-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇18

第一步
(E)-4-(2-氟-4-异丙基-3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)吡啶18a
参照实施例15中第一步的合成方法,由4-甲基吡啶和中间体11a制备得到标题产物18a。
第二步
(E)-4-氟-2-异丙基-5-[2-(吡啶-4-基)乙烯基]苯-1,3-二醇18
参照实施例7中第二步的合成方法,由中间体18a制备得到标题产物18。
LCMS(ESI,m/z):274.0[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ9.24(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),9.19(s,1H),8.56(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),7.65-7.61(m,2H),7.47(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),7.02(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),6.55(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.49-3.43(m,1H),1.26(d,J=7.2Hz,6H).19F NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ-149.61(1F).
测试例1荧光素酶报告基因测试实验
本测试例进行荧光素酶报告基因测试实验以测试本公开化合物对AHR蛋白的激动活性效果。
供试细胞:
表达AHR和荧光素酶的人肝癌细胞HepG2-Lucia购自InvivoGen,货号hpgl-ahr;
主要仪器:
生物安全柜,型号307,ThermoFisher公司;
CO2培养箱,型号CLM-240B-8-CN,ESCO公司;
细胞计数仪,型号EVE-MC2,NanoEnTeK公司;
ECHO(纳升级声波移液系统),型号655,LabCyte公司;
微孔板离心机,型号PlatePro 3200,Monad公司;
多功能酶标仪,型号PHERAstar FSX,BMG LRBTECH公司。
主要试剂:
青链霉素,Gibco公司,货号15140-122;
EMEM培养基,ATCC公司,货号30-2003;
胎牛血清,Ausgenex,货号FBS500-S;
NEAA培养基,Gibco公司,货号11140-050;
磷酸盐缓冲液,Gibco公司,货号14190250;
DMSO(二甲亚砜),Solarbio公司,货号D8371;
FICZ(6-甲酰基吲哚并[3,2-B]咔唑),MCE公司,货号HY-12451;
Zeocin(博来霉素),InvivoGen公司,货号ant-zn-1;
QUANTI-Luc Gold,InvivoGen公司,货号rep-qlcg5。
实验步骤:
1.HepG2-Lucia AHR细胞在含有10%灭活胎牛血清、1×NEAA、青链霉素及100μg/mL Zeocin(博莱霉素)的EMEM培养基中培养。培养温度为37℃,二氧化碳浓度为5%。
2.细胞生长至汇合度约80%,消化细胞,离心重悬计数。接种细胞至384孔板中,每孔40μL。
3.使用ECHO加入不同浓度的待测化合物,每孔40nL。
4.将加入化合物的384孔板在培养箱中继续培养24h。
5.取上清,加入QUANTI-Luc Gold检测试剂,用多功能酶标仪读取发光信号值。
试验结果:
本公开化合物及本维莫德对AHR蛋白的活性EC50的数据汇总于如下表1:
表1:本公开化合物对AHR激活的EC50
上述结果表明,本公开实施例化合物对AHR蛋白有较好的激活活性,且至少化合物5-9和14的活性显著优于本维莫德。
测试例2光照稳定性实验
本测试例测试对比本公开实施例化合物、本维莫德及对照例1化合物在光照条件下的稳定性。
主要仪器:
稳定性箱,型号ICH-110L,美墨尔特公司;
高效液相色谱仪(HPLC),型号1260,安捷伦公司。
分析方法:
检测波长:220nM、254nM
色谱柱:Agilent ZORBAX SB-C8 4.6×250mm,5μm
流动相A:水
流动相B:乙腈
流速:1.0mL/min
柱温:35℃
进样体积:10μL
实验步骤:
1.称取待测化合物置于稳定性箱中;
2.打开光源,可见光5000±500lx,紫外光250μW/cm2
3.分别于0h、8h、24h和72h取样,溶于体积分数50%乙腈水溶液中;
4.用HPLC检测,含量采用面积归一化法。
试验结果:
本公开化合物及本维莫德在光照条件下的不同批次稳定性数据汇总如下:
表2:本公开化合物在光照条件下的稳定性(批次1)
表3:本公开其他化合物在光照条件下的稳定性(批次2)
其中,对照例1化合物是发明人自行合成的化合物。
上述结果表明,本公开实施例化合物在光照条件下更稳定:本公开实施例化合物在8、24和72h时的化合物含量和/或其含量变化的程度显著优于本维莫德和/或对照例1的化合物,表明本公开化合物的光稳定性得到显著改善。

Claims (16)

  1. 式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药:
    其中,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:C6-20芳基或5至20元杂芳基;
    每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C1-12烷氧基;
    每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C1-12烷氧基;且
    n为1或2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其特征在于,每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C2-6直链烷基、卤代C1-6烷基、-COC2-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其为下式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药:
    其中:
    Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:C6-20芳基或5至20元杂芳基;
    每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C1-12烷氧基;
    R1如权利要求1中所定义。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其特征在于,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:苯基或5至6元杂芳基;Rs如权利要求1中所定义;优选地,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:苯基、吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基、噻吩基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基;Rs如权利要求1中所定义。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其特征在于,每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地为F、Cl、Br、甲基或氰基。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其特征在于,Ar选自无取代,或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rs取代的如下基团:苯基、吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3基、吡啶-4-基、2-噻吩基、2-哒嗪基或2-喹啉基;Rs如权利要求1中所定义;
    R1选自F、Cl、Br、氰基、C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基、-COC1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基,优选为F、Cl、Br、氰基、C1-3烷基或卤代C1-3烷基。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其特征在于,Ar选自4-氟代苯基、2-氟代苯基、2-哒嗪基、2-噻吩基、2-喹啉基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、
    R1选自F、Cl、Br、甲基、甲氧基、氰基、乙酰基、优选为F、Cl、Br、氰基、
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其特征在于,每一个Rs相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药,其特征在于,式I-1所示的化合物选自如下化合物:

  10. 一种通式I-1d所示的化合物或其盐:
    其中:
    R选自烷基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基,其中所述的烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基各自独立地任选被选自卤素、氧代基、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、硝基、氰基、氨基、烷基氨基、羟基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代;优选地,R为C1-6烷基;
    每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、C1-12烷基、卤代C1-12烷基、-COC1-12烷基或C2-12烷氧基,优选为F、Cl、Br、氰基、C1-3烷基或卤代C1-3烷基;
    Ar和n如权利要求1中所定义。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的通式I-1d所示的化合物或其盐,其选自以下化合物:

  12. 权利要求3所述的式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    1)当R1为卤素时,式I化合物采用如下方法制备:
    S5)式Id所示的化合物或其盐与吡啶盐酸盐加热反应得到式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐;或者,式Id所示的化合物或其盐用三溴化硼脱除甲基后用水淬灭反应得到式I所示的化合物、其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐;
    2)当R1为甲基时,式I化合物采用如下方法制备:
    S5’)化合物Id’与吡啶盐酸盐加热反应得到式I所示的化合物;
    Ar如权利要求1中所定义。
  13. 一种药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的权利要求1至9中任一项所述式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药中的至少一种。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物进一步还包括一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物为芳烃受体(AHR)调节剂。
  16. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述式I-1所示的化合物、其立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或前药中的至少一种或根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备芳烃受体(AHR)调节剂中的用途;所述芳烃受体(AHR)调节剂用于缓解和/或治疗如下疾病或病症:癌症、眼科相关疾病、自身免疫疾病、以及其他具有免疫学因素的病症或不适;所述癌症优选为白血病、前列腺癌和肠癌;所述眼科相关疾病优选为葡萄膜炎、年龄相关性黄斑变性和干眼症;所述自身免疫疾病优选为类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、系统性红斑狼疮、炎性肠病、1型糖尿病、白癜风、特应性皮炎和银屑病;其他具有免疫学因素的病症或不适优选为哮喘、变态反应、感染、骨质疏松、动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病、移植物抗宿主病和移植排异。
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