WO2024051101A1 - 电池包放电方法及设备、电池包拆解方法 - Google Patents

电池包放电方法及设备、电池包拆解方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024051101A1
WO2024051101A1 PCT/CN2023/077599 CN2023077599W WO2024051101A1 WO 2024051101 A1 WO2024051101 A1 WO 2024051101A1 CN 2023077599 W CN2023077599 W CN 2023077599W WO 2024051101 A1 WO2024051101 A1 WO 2024051101A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
disassembled
flushing
liquid
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/077599
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李爱霞
谢英豪
余海军
李长东
Original Assignee
广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
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Application filed by 广东邦普循环科技有限公司, 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司 filed Critical 广东邦普循环科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024051101A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024051101A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of power battery recycling, such as a battery pack discharge method and equipment, and a battery pack disassembly method.
  • the cobalt, lithium, copper and plastic of the used lithium-ion battery cells in the power battery pack are precious resources and have extremely high recycling value. Therefore, the scientific and effective disposal of used battery cells not only has significant environmental benefits, but also has good economic benefits.
  • the traditional battery pack disassembly method is mainly used to disassemble retired power battery packs with complete shells, so that the power battery packs can be disassembled into battery cells for further recycling.
  • the outer casing of the power battery pack often deforms during use, it is difficult to dismantle it using traditional battery pack disassembly methods. That is, the traditional battery pack disassembly method has poor applicability.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery pack discharging method and equipment, and a battery pack disassembly method to overcome the problem of poor applicability of the battery pack discharging method.
  • a battery pack discharging method includes:
  • the battery pack to be disassembled is quickly frozen with a rinse liquid of a set temperature.
  • the specific steps for flushing are:
  • the rapidly frozen battery pack to be disassembled is rinsed with the rinse liquid at the set temperature through a rinse device.
  • the predetermined flow rate is 30L/min ⁇ 40L/min.
  • the flushing liquid is tap water or pure water.
  • the set temperature is 25°C to 60°C.
  • the time for rinsing the frozen battery pack to be disassembled with a rinsing liquid of a set temperature is 20 to 25 minutes.
  • a battery pack discharging device uses the battery pack discharging method described in any of the above embodiments to disassemble the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the battery pack discharge equipment includes a freezing destruction device, a flushing device and an extraction device;
  • the rapid freezing destruction device is used to perform rapid freezing treatment on the battery pack to be disassembled, and to perform a destruction operation on the battery pack to be disassembled during the rapid freezing treatment, so that the battery cells inside the battery pack to be disassembled
  • the shell forms a crack for penetration of coolant;
  • the flushing device is used to flush the frozen battery pack to be disassembled with a flushing liquid of a set temperature, so that the battery pack to be disassembled reacts;
  • the extraction device is used to extract metal from the flushed liquid.
  • a battery pack disassembly method includes the battery pack discharging method described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the embodiments of this application include but are not limited to the following advantages:
  • the interior of the battery cells inside the battery pack to be disassembled can be Rapid cooling through cracks is conducive to embrittlement of the adhesive and shock-proof rubber in the battery pack to be disassembled, achieving the purpose of quickly destroying the structure of the internal battery cells, making it easier to separate the battery cells from the adhesive or shock-proof rubber respectively;
  • the shell of the internal battery cell forms cracks for the penetration of coolant. If the disassembled product is placed in the rinse liquid, soaked, rinsed and warmed up, it will react violently, resulting in The gas brings the contents of the battery cells into the flushing liquid; by separating the contents, the recovery rate of the positive electrode material is improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a battery pack discharging method according to an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a partial schematic diagram of a battery pack discharge device according to an embodiment
  • FIG 3 is a partial schematic diagram of the battery pack discharge equipment shown in Figure 2.
  • a battery pack discharging method is used to discharge a battery pack to be disassembled, so as to recover the positive electrode materials of the battery cells of the battery pack. Further, the battery pack discharging method includes some or all of the following steps:
  • the battery pack to be disassembled is subjected to a quick freezing process, that is, the battery pack to be disassembled is quickly cooled to a predetermined temperature within a predetermined time, and the battery pack to be disassembled is destroyed during the quick freezing process.
  • the operation causes the shell of the battery cell inside the battery pack to be disassembled to form a crack for the penetration of coolant, so that the coolant can quickly cool down the interior of the battery cell, and at the same time, it is conducive to subsequent flushing at a set temperature. Flush and rewarm the liquid.
  • the meaning of quick freezing is to quickly drop from the first temperature to the second temperature within a predetermined time.
  • the first temperature is greater than the second temperature.
  • the first temperature is a constant temperature, and the second temperature can be about minus 100°C, or even lower.
  • the frozen battery pack to be disassembled is rinsed with a rinse liquid of a set temperature, so that the battery pack to be disassembled reacts, and the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled are processed. discharge operation. Since the battery pack to be disassembled is first subjected to a quick freezing process, and the battery pack to be disassembled is destroyed during the quick freezing process, the shell of the battery cell inside the battery pack to be disassembled forms a crack for the penetration of coolant. When the battery pack to be disassembled is flushed, the flushing fluid can not only contact the outer wall of the battery cell, but also enter the battery cell through the cracks, so that the flushing fluid can reliably contact the battery cell and fully react.
  • the metal extraction operation is performed on the liquid flowing out of the rinse. Since the battery cells react and generate gas during the rinse process of the frozen battery pack to be disassembled with the rinse liquid at a set temperature, the resulting The gas will bring the contents of the battery cells into the flushing liquid, and the metal objects will be obtained by extracting the metal objects through the reaction liquid of the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the metallic substance may be cobalt, lithium or Copper and other precious metals.
  • the battery pack to be disassembled since the battery pack to be disassembled is first frozen and the frozen battery pack to be disassembled is destroyed, the interior of the battery cells inside the battery pack to be disassembled can pass through the cracks. Rapid cooling is conducive to the embrittlement of the adhesive and shock-proof rubber in the battery pack to be disassembled, and the purpose of quickly destroying the structure of the internal battery cells, making it easier to separate the battery cells from the adhesive or shock-proof rubber respectively; in an emergency After freezing, due to the embrittlement of the adhesive and anti-shock rubber in the battery pack to be disassembled, the battery pack to be disassembled is flushed with a rinse fluid of a set temperature, so that the rinse fluid can quickly and effectively enter the battery pack and battery cells to be disassembled.
  • the addition of flowing flushing fluid can inhibit the temperature rise of the flushing fluid flow and prevent the reaction of the battery pack to be disassembled from being too violent.
  • the gas generated by the reaction of the battery pack to be disassembled is recycled to avoid bringing out a large amount of black smoke and reducing the temperature of the battery pack.
  • the disposal pressure of the terminal exhaust gas; the violent reaction will only occur after the frozen battery pack is soaked in the flushing liquid for a certain period of time and warmed up through heat conduction.
  • the reaction of the battery pack to be disassembled will have a delay, ensuring the safety of personnel and realizing Quick and safe discharge; because after the frozen battery pack is squeezed, the shell of the internal battery cell forms cracks for the penetration of coolant, which effectively cools down the interior of the battery cell, and then the disassembled product is placed in the rinse After immersion and flushing in the liquid, a violent reaction will occur after the temperature is restored.
  • the gas generated will bring the contents of the battery cells into the flushing liquid, which not only effectively separates the contents of the battery cells, but also enables safe and effective discharge of the battery cells; through Separate the contents and improve the recovery rate of cathode materials.
  • the battery pack to be disassembled is subjected to a rapid freezing process, and the battery pack to be disassembled is subjected to a destruction operation during the rapid freezing process, so that the battery cells inside the battery pack to be disassembled are damaged.
  • the step of forming cracks in the shell for penetration of coolant includes: first, subjecting the battery pack to be disassembled to a quick freezing and cooling process within a first predetermined time, so that the battery pack to be disassembled is reduced to a first predetermined temperature; then, Destroy the battery pack to be disassembled after cooling so that the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled are broken to form the cracks; finally, the battery pack to be disassembled is placed in liquid nitrogen and left to stand.
  • the internal temperature of the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled is reduced to the second predetermined temperature.
  • Liquid nitrogen enters through the cracks in the battery pack to be disassembled, causing the liquid nitrogen to quickly cool down the internal temperature of the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled to the second predetermined temperature.
  • the battery pack to be disassembled is subjected to a quick freezing and cooling process within a first predetermined time
  • the step of lowering the battery pack to be disassembled to a first predetermined temperature is specifically: using a quick freezing device to freeze the battery pack to be disassembled. Perform quick freezing and cooling processing within the first predetermined time.
  • the quick freezing equipment can be a liquid nitrogen storage tank or other quick freezing equipment.
  • the first predetermined time is 10 minutes to 12 minutes.
  • the first predetermined temperature is -104°C to -100°C, so as to better facilitate the rapid freezing and cooling treatment of the battery pack to be disassembled, and also to facilitate the adhesive and glue in the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the anti-shock rubber embrittles to quickly destroy the structure of the internal battery cells, making it easier to separate the battery cells from the adhesive or anti-shock rubber, solving the problem of difficulty in dismantling the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the step of destroying the battery pack to be disassembled after cooling down is specifically: using a hydraulic press to squeeze the battery pack to be disassembled, so that the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled are subjected to Cracks are formed by squeezing and cracking, so that subsequent liquid nitrogen can penetrate into the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled through the cracks.
  • the method is not limited to using a hydraulic press to squeeze the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • a disassembly machine is used to crush the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the second predetermined time is 9 min to 11 min, so that liquid nitrogen can reliably enter from the cracks in the battery pack to be disassembled, and at the same time, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen inside the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled can be increased. Effectively cooling to a second predetermined temperature. In this embodiment, the second predetermined time is 10 minutes.
  • the second predetermined temperature is -90°C to -80°C, which makes the second predetermined temperature more appropriate and allows the object to be processed to be subsequently transferred to the heating device for heating to effectively achieve a thermal runaway reaction and release heat.
  • the step of rinsing the frozen battery pack to be disassembled with a rinsing liquid at a set temperature is specifically: rinsing with a set temperature through the rinsing device 20 Rinse the frozen battery pack to be disassembled with liquid.
  • the flushing device 20 includes a flushing box 22.
  • the flushing box 22 is formed with a flushing chamber 222, a liquid inlet 224, and a liquid outlet 226.
  • the flushing chamber 222 is connected to the liquid inlet 224 and the liquid outlet 226 respectively.
  • the liquid inlet 224 is used to communicate with the flushing liquid source, and the liquid outlet 226 is used to flow out the reaction liquid, so that the flushing liquid first flows in from the liquid inlet 224 and then flows out from the liquid outlet 226, so that the flushing liquid flows in the flushing chamber 222.
  • the flushing device 20 further includes a flushing liquid source tank 24.
  • the flushing liquid source tank 24 is used to store flushing liquid and is a flushing liquid source.
  • the flushing fluid source is not limited to the flushing fluid source box 24, but can also be a continuously transported flushing fluid pipeline.
  • the source of flushing fluid is a water pipe.
  • the interval between the end point of the reaction and no bubble generation is greater than or equal to 10 minutes.
  • the flushing device 20 further includes a storage platform 26 , which is disposed in the flushing chamber 222 so that the battery pack to be disassembled is placed on the storage platform 26 so that the battery pack can be flushed. Furthermore, the cracks in the casing of the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled are arranged toward the liquid inlet 224, The flushing liquid can better flush the battery cells, thereby allowing the contents of the battery cells produced by the reaction to be quickly and effectively discharged, thereby improving the recovery rate of the positive electrode material.
  • the flushing box 22 includes a flushing box and a sealing cover.
  • the flushing chamber 222, the liquid inlet 224 and the liquid outlet 226 are all formed in the flushing box, and the top of the flushing box is opened
  • There is a dosing port and the dosing port is connected with the flushing chamber 222, so that the battery pack to be disassembled can be added through the dosing port.
  • the sealing cover is provided at the feeding port and is sealingly connected to the flushing box.
  • the sealing cover plate is protrudingly provided with a sealing ring, and the sealing ring elastically abuts the opening peripheral wall of the adding port, so that the sealing cover plate is better sealingly connected to the flushing box.
  • the flushing device 20 further includes a floating plate 28.
  • the floating plate 28 is located in the flushing chamber 222, and the floating plate 28 floats on the top surface of the flushing liquid in the flushing chamber 222, so that the floating plate 28 floats on the top surface of the flushing liquid in the flushing chamber 222.
  • the plate 28 blocks the battery pack to be disassembled that reacts in the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 to prevent the reaction from being too violent and causing external splashing.
  • the bubbles are broken at the water-air interface, which reduces the risk of the battery pack to be disassembled in the flushing fluid.
  • the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 is in a flowing state, the temperature of the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 can be effectively suppressed from rising sharply, thereby preventing the battery cells from reacting too violently.
  • the area of the floating plate 28 accounts for greater than or equal to 90% of the liquid surface area of the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222, so that the floating plate 28 reacts with the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222.
  • the battery pack to be disassembled is covered.
  • the floating plate 28 is made of fire-resistant and fire-proof material, so that the floating plate 28 has better fire-proof performance and improves the service life of the floating plate 28 .
  • the floating plate 28 is an alumina plate or a silica plate.
  • the thickness of the floating plate 28 is greater than or equal to 60 cm, and the side of the floating plate 28 away from the flushing liquid surface is in contact with the battery pack to be disassembled, so that the part of the battery pack adjacent to the floating plate 28 in the flushing liquid is in contact with the flushing liquid.
  • the distance between them should be at least 60cm to avoid safety hazards caused by bubbles or flames generated during disassembly of the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the flushing device 20 further includes an exhaust gas treatment device 29.
  • the flushing box 22 is formed with an exhaust gas outlet 221 connected with the flushing chamber 222.
  • the exhaust gas outlet 221 is connected to the collection box 27 of the exhaust gas treatment device 29.
  • the gas generated by flushing the battery pack to be disassembled in the flushing chamber 222 is discharged to the collection box of the exhaust gas treatment device 29 through the exhaust gas outlet 221, so that the exhaust gas treatment device 29 can process the exhaust gas and avoid environmental pollution caused by the exhaust gas.
  • the gas generated by the flushing of the battery pack to be disassembled floats in the form of bubbles to the surface of the flushing liquid in the flushing chamber 222 and then bursts, thereby realizing the discharge of the gas.
  • the flushing device 20 has a predetermined flow rate of flushing fluid, so that the flushing fluid has better fluidity when acting on the surface of the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the predetermined flow rate is 30L/min ⁇ 40L/min.
  • the flushing liquid is tap water or pure water. In this embodiment, the flushing liquid is tap water. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the flushing liquid can also be pure water or other non-salt water.
  • the set temperature is 25°C to 60°C.
  • the rinsing liquid is tap water, so that the rinsing liquid is warm water.
  • the set temperature is 25°C to 35°C.
  • the time for rinsing the frozen battery pack to be disassembled is 20 to 25 minutes with a rinse liquid of a set temperature, so that the battery pack to be disassembled is better rinsed.
  • the step of rinsing the frozen battery pack to be disassembled with a rinse liquid of a set temperature includes: first, rinsing the rapidly frozen battery pack to be disassembled with a rinse liquid of a set temperature; secondly, rinsing
  • the transparency of the liquid flowing out is judged; if the transparency of the liquid flowing out from the flushing is qualified, it will flow directly into the water outlet collection device; otherwise, the liquid flowing out from the flushing will be circulated back to the liquid inlet 224, so that the liquid flowing into the water outlet collection device will be beneficial to the metal.
  • the recovery of materials simultaneously increases the recovery rate of cathode materials and reduces the amount of liquid used.
  • the cooling liquid is tap water. When the transparency of the flushing liquid is unqualified, the flushing liquid is circulated back to the liquid inlet 224, thereby reducing water consumption.
  • the step of judging the transparency of the liquid flowing out of the flushing is specifically: using the Saybolt disk method to judge the transparency of the liquid flowing out of the flushing, so that the transparency judgment method is relatively simple and easy to implement.
  • the diameter of the Seychelles disk method is 15 cm.
  • the cycle time of cyclic reflux is 14min/time to 16min/time.
  • the cycle time of the reflux cycle is 15 min/time.
  • the flushing device 20 further includes a heating element (not shown).
  • the heating element is provided in the flushing box 22.
  • the heating element is used to heat the flushing liquid in the flushing chamber 222; when flushing When the temperature of the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 is lower than the preset value, the heating element heats the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 .
  • the heating element will heat the flushing chamber 222
  • the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 is heated, so that the temperature of the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 is relatively constant, which improves the efficiency of the flushing fluid to be disassembled.
  • the heating element may be a thermal resistance heating element or a thermal eddy current heating element.
  • the default value is 25°C. It is understood that the preset value can be flexibly set according to actual needs.
  • the flushing device 20 further includes a temperature sensor (not shown).
  • the temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222, and the temperature sensor is connected to the control end of the heating element. Electrical connection, when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is lower than the preset value, the heating element heats the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 to realize intelligent heating of the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 and improves the use of the flushing device 20 Convenience.
  • the battery pack to be disassembled is an accidental battery pack or battery module whose casing is deformed and cannot be discharged through normal discharge methods.
  • the positive electrode material of the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled is LCO (Lithium Cobaltate, lithium cobalt oxide), NCM (lithium nickel cobalt manganate), LFP (LiFePO 4 , lithium iron phosphate ).
  • the cathode material of the battery cell is LCO. Due to thermal runaway, the LCO particles are broken, thereby producing smaller particles, so that the battery pack disassembly method has a better crushing effect and improves the recovery of the cathode material. Rate.
  • the operation of extracting metal from the flushed liquid includes: first collecting the flushed liquid; then adding flocculant to the collected liquid; and then filtering the liquid after adding the flocculant.
  • the filter residue is obtained; then the filter residue is dried; and finally the dried filter residue is calcined to obtain the positive electrode material and complete the metal extraction operation.
  • the flocculant is an organic flocculant.
  • the flocculant is at least one of starch, cellulose or chitosan.
  • the step of drying the filter residue is specifically: drying the filter residue through a rotary kiln. In this embodiment, the temperature of the drying process is 200°C to 250°C.
  • the step of calcining the dried filter residue is specifically: calcining the dried filter residue through a rotary kiln. In this embodiment, the temperature of the calcination treatment is 800°C to 1000°C.
  • This application also provides a battery pack discharging device, which uses the battery pack discharging method of any of the above embodiments to disassemble the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the battery pack discharge equipment includes a freezing destruction device, a flushing device 20 and an extraction device;
  • the freezing destruction device is used to freeze the battery pack to be disassembled, and to freeze the battery pack to be disassembled during the freezing treatment.
  • the battery pack is disassembled to perform a destruction operation, so that the shell of the battery cell inside the battery pack to be disassembled forms a crack for the penetration of coolant;
  • the flushing device 20 is used to use the flushing liquid at a set temperature to quickly freeze the battery to be disassembled.
  • the battery pack is flushed to react with the battery pack to be disassembled;
  • the extraction device is used to extract metal from the flushed liquid.
  • the flushing device 20 includes a flushing box 22.
  • the flushing box 22 is formed with a flushing chamber 222, a liquid inlet 224 and a liquid outlet 226.
  • the flushing chamber 222 is connected with the liquid inlet 224 and the outlet respectively.
  • the liquid port 226 is connected, the liquid inlet 224 is used to connect the flushing liquid source, and the liquid outlet 226 is used to flow out the reaction liquid, so that the flushing liquid first flows in from the liquid inlet 224 and then flows out from the liquid outlet 226, so that the flushing liquid is used for flushing. flow in cavity 222.
  • the flushing device 20 further includes a storage platform 26 , which is disposed in the flushing chamber 222 so that the battery pack to be disassembled is placed on the storage platform 26 so that the battery pack can be flushed. Furthermore, the cracks in the shells of the battery cells of the battery pack to be disassembled are arranged toward the liquid inlet 224, so that the flushing liquid can better flush the battery cells, thereby allowing the contents of the battery cells generated by the reaction to be quickly removed. Effectively discharged, improving the recovery rate of cathode materials.
  • the flushing box 22 includes a flushing box and a sealing cover.
  • the flushing chamber 222, the liquid inlet 224 and the liquid outlet 226 are all formed in the flushing box, and the top of the flushing box is opened
  • There is a dosing port and the dosing port is connected with the flushing chamber 222, so that the battery pack to be disassembled can be added through the dosing port.
  • the sealing cover plate is provided at the dosing port and is sealingly connected to the flushing box. Furthermore, the sealing cover plate is protrudingly provided with a sealing ring, and the sealing ring elastically abuts the opening peripheral wall of the adding port, so that the sealing cover plate is better sealingly connected to the flushing box.
  • the flushing device 20 further includes at least one floating plate 28.
  • the floating plate 28 is located in the flushing chamber 222, and the floating plate 28 floats on the top surface of the flushing liquid in the flushing chamber 222.
  • the floating plate 28 is used to block the battery pack to be disassembled that reacts in the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222 to avoid splashing due to excessive reaction.
  • the bubbles are broken at the water-air interface, thereby reducing the risk of the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the area of the floating plate 28 accounts for greater than or equal to 90% of the liquid surface area of the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222, so that the floating plate 28 reacts with the flushing fluid in the flushing chamber 222.
  • the battery pack to be disassembled is covered.
  • the floating plate 28 is made of fire-resistant and fireproof material, so that the floating plate 28 has Better fire resistance improves the service life of the floating plate 28.
  • the floating plate 28 is a hollow PVDF plate.
  • the floating plate 28 has a thickness of 1 cm to 3 cm and can float on the liquid surface along with the bubbles to prevent violent fluctuations in the water surface and avoid potential safety hazards.
  • the flushing device 20 further includes an exhaust gas treatment device 29.
  • the flushing box 22 is formed with an exhaust gas outlet 221 connected to the flushing chamber 222.
  • the exhaust gas outlet 221 is connected to the collection box of the exhaust gas treatment device 29.
  • the gas generated by flushing the battery pack to be disassembled in the flushing chamber 222 is discharged to the collection box of the exhaust gas treatment device 29 through the exhaust gas outlet 221, so that the exhaust gas treatment device 29 can process the exhaust gas and avoid environmental pollution caused by the exhaust gas.
  • the gas generated by the flushing of the battery pack to be disassembled floats in the form of bubbles to the surface of the flushing liquid in the flushing chamber 222 and then bursts, and smokeless discharge of the gas can be basically achieved.
  • the flushing device 20 has a predetermined flow rate of flushing fluid, so that the flushing fluid has better fluidity when acting on the surface of the battery pack to be disassembled.
  • the predetermined flow rate is 30L/min ⁇ 40L/min.
  • the flushing liquid is tap water or pure water. In this embodiment, the flushing liquid is tap water. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the flushing liquid can also be pure water or other non-salt water. Further, the temperature of the flushing fluid is 25°C to 60°C. Preferably, the temperature of the flushing fluid is 25°C to 35°C.
  • This application also provides a battery pack disassembly method, including the battery pack discharging method of any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery pack disassembly method also includes: first, removing the battery pack to be disassembled after the discharge operation from the rinse liquid. Fish it out; then, dismantle the fished-out battery pack to be disassembled, and separate the positive electrode pieces of the battery cells; then, crush the battery cells after separating the positive electrode pieces. Processed for subsequent recycling of cathode materials.
  • the step of fishing out the battery pack to be disassembled after the discharge operation from the flushing liquid is specifically: fishing out the battery pack to be disassembled after the discharge operation from the flushing liquid through a fishing device.
  • the fishing device can be a robot hand or an intelligent clamping device.
  • step S105 the step of taking out the battery pack to be disassembled after the discharge operation from the rinse liquid is located after step S105.
  • the specific steps of crushing the battery cells after the operation of separating the positive electrode plates are: transporting the battery cells after the operation of separating the positive electrode plates to the crushing equipment through the conveyor belt for crushing treatment. Before operating the pole pieces, perform a flushing operation to allow the battery cells to react and have Effectively separates the contents (including electrolyte), so that during the process of being transported to the crushing equipment through the conveyor belt for crushing processing, the material will not easily stick to the conveyor belt and crushing rollers of the conveyor belt, making it difficult to clean. The problem.
  • the battery pack disassembly method further includes: roasting the crushed residue. Further, the temperature for roasting the crushed residue is 750°C to 900°C, and the roasting time is 1h to 2h.
  • the battery pack disassembly method also includes: breaking up and screening the roasted residue to increase the recovery rate of the cathode material.
  • the roasted residue is first dispersed through a disperser and then screened through a circular vibrating screen, thereby improving the recovery efficiency of the cathode material.
  • this application includes but is not limited to the following advantages:
  • the interior of the battery cells inside the battery pack to be disassembled can be Rapid cooling through cracks is conducive to embrittlement of the adhesive and shock-proof rubber in the battery pack to be disassembled, achieving the purpose of quickly destroying the structure of the internal battery cells, making it easier to separate the battery cells from the adhesive or shock-proof rubber respectively;
  • the shell of the internal battery cell forms cracks for the penetration of coolant. If the disassembled product is placed in the rinse liquid, soaked, rinsed and warmed up, it will react violently, resulting in The gas brings the contents of the battery cells into the flushing liquid; by separating the contents, the recovery rate of the positive electrode material is improved.

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Abstract

本文公布一种电池包放电方法及设备、电池包拆解方法，包括：将待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理中的待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝；以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的待拆解电池包进行冲洗，使待拆解电池包发生反应；其中设定温度大于0℃；对冲洗流出的液体进行提取金属操作；由于先急冻后的电池包进行挤压后，内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝，使电池单体内部有效地降温，再将拆解物放置于冲洗液中浸泡冲洗进行回温后会剧烈反应，产生的气体将电池单体的内容物带入冲洗液，不仅可实现电池单体的内容物有效分离，而且实现电池单体安全有效地放电。

Description

电池包放电方法及设备、电池包拆解方法 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及动力电池回收的技术领域，例如一种电池包放电方法及设备、电池包拆解方法。
背景技术
动力电池包中的废旧锂离子电池单体的钴、锂、铜及塑料均是宝贵资源，具有极高的回收价值。因此，对废旧电池单体进行科学有效的处置，不仅具有显著的环境效益，还具有良好的经济效益。
传统的电池包拆解方法主要针对外壳完整的退役动力电池包进行拆解，以便将动力电池包拆卸为电池单体进行下一步回收。然而，由于动力电池包在使用过程中经常出现外壳体变形的情况，难以采用传统的电池包拆解方法进行拆解处置，即传统的电池包拆解方法存在适用性较差的问题。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本申请实施例提供一种电池包放电方法及设备、电池包拆解方法，以克服电池包放电方法存在适用性较差的问题。
本申请的实施例是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种电池包放电方法，包括：
将待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理中的所述待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使所述待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝；
以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗，使所述待拆解电池包发生反应；其中所述设定温度大于0℃；
对冲洗流出的液体进行提取金属操作。
在其中一个实施例中，以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包 进行冲洗的步骤具体为：
通过冲洗装置以所述设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗。
在其中一个实施例中，所述冲洗装置内具有预定流量的冲刷液。
在其中一个实施例中，所述预定流量为30L/min～40L/min。
在其中一个实施例中，所述冲刷液为自来水或纯水。
在其中一个实施例中，所述设定温度为25℃～60℃。
在其中一个实施例中，以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗的时间为20min～25min。
一种电池包放电设备，采用上述任一实施例所述的电池包放电方法对所述待拆解电池包进行拆解。
在其中一个实施例中，电池包放电设备包括急冻破坏装置、冲洗装置及提取装置；
所述急冻破坏装置用于将待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理中的所述待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使所述待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝；所述冲洗装置用于以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗，使所述待拆解电池包发生反应；所述提取装置用于对冲洗流出的液体进行提取金属操作。
一种电池包拆解方法，包括上述任一实施例所述的电池包放电方法。
与相关技术相比，本申请实施例包括但不仅限于以下优点：
1、上述的电池包放电方法，由于先对待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理的待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的内部能够通过裂缝进行快速降温，有利于对待拆解电池包内的粘胶及防震橡胶脆化，实现快速破坏内部电池单体的结构的目的，使电池单体分别与粘胶或防震橡胶更容易分离；
2、在急冻之后，将待拆解电池包以设定温度的冲洗液进行冲洗，流动的冲洗液可以抑制冲洗液流升温，避免待拆解电池包的反应过于剧烈，同时对待拆 解电池包的反应产生的气体进行回收处理，避免带出大量黑烟，降低后端尾气的处置压力；
3、急冻后的电池包在投入冲洗液中浸泡一定时间之后通过热传导方式回温才会发生剧烈反应，如此待拆解电池包发生反应具有延时性，保证人员安全；
4、由于急冻后的电池包进行挤压后，内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝，将拆解物放置于冲洗液中浸泡冲洗进行回温后会剧烈反应，产生的气体将电池单体的内容物带入冲洗液中；通过分离内容物，提高正极材料的回收率。
在阅读并理解了附图和详细描述后，可以明白其他方面。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为一实施例的电池包放电方法的流程示意图；
图2为一实施例的电池包放电设备的局部示意图；
图3为图2所示电池包放电设备的局部示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳实施方式。但是，本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地，提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本申请的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术 领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
如图1所示，一实施例的电池包放电方法用于对待拆解电池包进行放电，以实现对电池包的电池单体的正极材料的回收。进一步地，电池包放电方法包括以下步骤的部分或全部：
S101，将待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理中的所述待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使所述待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝。
在本实施例中，将待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，即将待拆解电池包在预定时间内进行快速降温至预定温度，并对急冻处理中的所述待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使所述待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝，如此使冷却液对电池单体的内部进行快速降温，同时有利于后续以设定温度的冲洗液进行冲洗回温。其中，急冻的含义为在预定时间内快速从第一温度降低至第二温度，第一温度大于第二温度，第一温度为恒温，第二温度可以为零下100℃左右，甚至更低。
S103，以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗，使所述待拆解电池包发生反应；其中所述设定温度大于0℃。
在本实施例中，以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗，使所述待拆解电池包发生反应，实现待拆解电池包的电池单体的放电操作。由于待拆解电池包先进行急冻处理，且对急冻处理中的待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝，在将待拆解电池包进行冲洗时，冲洗液不仅可与电池单体的外壁接触，而且还可以通过裂缝进入电池单体内，使冲洗液可靠地与电池单体接触并能够充分地反应。
S105，对冲洗流出的液体进行提取金属操作。
在本实施例中，对冲洗流出的液体进行提取金属操作，由于在以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的待拆解电池包进行冲洗过程中，电池单体反应并产生气体，产生的气体会将电池单体的内容物带入冲洗液中，通过对待拆解电池包发生反应的液体进行提取金属物操作，获得金属物。具体地，金属物可以为钴、锂或 铜等贵金属。
上述的电池包放电方法，由于先对待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理的待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的内部能够通过裂缝进行快速降温，有利于对待拆解电池包内的粘胶及防震橡胶脆化，实现快速破坏内部电池单体的结构的目的，使电池单体分别与粘胶或防震橡胶更容易分离；在急冻之后，由于待拆解电池包内的粘胶及防震橡胶脆化，将待拆解电池包以设定温度的冲洗液进行冲洗，使冲洗液快速有效地进入待拆解电池包及电池单体内，加上流动的冲洗液可以抑制冲洗液流升温，避免待拆解电池包的反应过于剧烈，同时对待拆解电池包的反应产生的气体进行回收处理，避免带出大量黑烟，降低后端尾气的处置压力；急冻后的电池包在投入冲洗液中浸泡一定时间之后通过热传导方式回温才会发生剧烈反应，如此待拆解电池包发生反应具有延时性，保证人员安全，实现快速安全放电；由于先急冻后的电池包进行挤压后，内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝，使电池单体内部有效地降温，再将拆解物放置于冲洗液中浸泡冲洗进行回温后会剧烈反应，产生的气体将电池单体的内容物带入冲洗液中，不仅实现电池单体的内容物有效分离，而且实现电池单体安全有效地放电；通过分离内容物，提高正极材料的回收率。
在其中一个实施例中，将待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理中的所述待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使所述待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝的步骤包括：首先，将待拆解电池包在第一预定时间内进行急冻降温处理，使所述待拆解电池包降低至第一预定温度；然后，对降温后的所述待拆解电池包进行破坏，使所述待拆解电池包的电池单体破裂形成所述裂缝；最后，将所述待拆解电池包置于液氮中进行静置第二预定时间，使所述待拆解电池包的电池单体的内部温度降低至第二预定温度。液氮从待拆解电池包的裂缝进入，使液氮对待拆解电池包的电池单体的内部的温度快速进行降温至第二预定温度。
进一步地，将待拆解电池包在第一预定时间内进行急冻降温处理，使所述待拆解电池包降低至第一预定温度的步骤具体为：通过急冻设备将待拆解电池包在第一预定时间内进行急冻降温处理。可以理解，急冻设备可以为液氮储存箱或其他急冻设备。在其中一个实施例中，所述第一预定时间为10min～12min。 在其中一个实施例中，所述第一预定温度为-104℃～-100℃，以便更好地对待拆解电池包进行急冻降温处理，也有利于对待拆解电池包内的粘胶及防震橡胶脆化，实现快速破坏内部电池单体的结构的目的，使电池单体与粘胶或防震橡胶更容易分离，解决了待拆解电池包的拆解难度较高的问题。
在其中一个实施例中，所述对降温后的所述待拆解电池包进行破坏的步骤具体为：采用液压机挤压所述待拆解电池包，使待拆解电池包的电池单体受挤压裂开形成裂缝，以便后续液氮能够通过裂缝渗入待拆解电池包的电池单体内。可以理解，在其他实施例中，不仅限于采用液压机挤压所述待拆解电池包。例如，采用拆解机夹碎所述待拆解电池包。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第二预定时间为9min～11min，使液氮可靠地从待拆解电池包的裂缝进入，同时使液氮对待拆解电池包的电池单体的内部的温度有效地降温至第二预定温度。在本实施例中，第二预定时间为10min。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第二预定温度为-90℃～-80℃，使第二预定温度较合适，同时使待处理物后续转移到加热装置加热之后有效地实现热失控反应并释放热量。
如图2及图3所示，在其中一个实施例中，以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的待拆解电池包进行冲洗的步骤具体为：通过冲洗装置20以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的待拆解电池包进行冲洗。在其中一个实施例中，冲洗装置20包括冲刷箱22，冲刷箱22形成有冲刷腔222、进液口224及出液口226，冲刷腔222分别与进液口224及出液口226连通，进液口224用于连通冲刷液源，出液口226用于流出反应液体，使冲洗液先从进液口224流入再从出液口226流出，进而使冲洗液于冲刷腔222内流动。在反应过程中，冲洗液中会产生气泡，在刚开始比较剧烈，后续慢慢地减少，气泡会一直持续到反应终止之前。在本实施例中，冲洗装置20还包括冲刷液源箱24，冲刷液源箱24用于存储冲刷液体，冲刷液源箱24为冲刷液源。可以理解，在其他实施例中，冲刷液源不仅限为冲刷液源箱24，还可以为可持续输送的冲刷液管道。例如，冲刷液源为自来水管。进一步地，反应终点与无气泡产生之间的间隔时间为大于或等于10min。
如图2及图3所示，进一步地，冲洗装置20还包括置物平台26，置物平台26设于冲刷腔222内，使置物平台26放置待拆解电池包，以便对电池包进行冲洗。更进一步地，待拆解电池包的电池单体的壳体的裂缝朝向进液口224设置， 使冲洗液更好地对电池单体进行冲洗，进而使电池单体由反应产生的内容物快速有效地排出，提高了正极材料的回收率。
如图2及图3所示，进一步地，冲刷箱22包括冲刷箱体及密封盖板，冲刷腔222、进液口224及出液口226均形成于冲刷箱体，冲刷箱体的顶部开设有投加口，投加口与冲刷腔222连通，以便通过投加口投加待拆解电池包。密封盖板盖设于投加口，以密封连接于冲刷箱体。更进一步地，密封盖板凸设有密封圈，密封圈弹性抵接于投加口的开口周壁处，使密封盖板更好地密封连接于冲刷箱体。
如图2及图3所示，更进一步地，冲洗装置20还包括浮板28，浮板28位于冲刷腔222内，且浮板28漂浮于冲刷腔222内的冲洗液的顶面，使浮板28对冲刷腔222内的冲洗液中反应的待拆解电池包进行遮挡，避免反应过于剧烈出现外溅现象，同时使得气泡在水气界面处破碎，降低了待拆解电池包在冲洗液中反应的安全隐患；此外，由于冲刷腔222内的冲洗液处于流动状态，可以有效地抑制冲刷腔222内的冲洗液的温度急剧升高，避免了电池单体的反应过于剧烈。
如图2及图3所示，更进一步地，浮板28的面积占冲刷腔222内的冲刷液的液面面积大于或等于90％，使浮板28对冲刷腔222内的冲洗液中反应的待拆解电池包进行遮挡。进一步地，浮板28由耐火防火材料制成，使浮板28具有较好的防火性能，提高了浮板28的使用寿命。例如，浮板28为氧化铝板或二氧化硅板。更进一步地，浮板28的厚度大于或等于60cm，浮板28背离冲刷液面的一面与待拆解电池包抵接，使电池包于冲刷液中邻近浮板28的部位与冲刷液的液面距离至少为60cm，避免待拆解电池包在拆解时产生的气泡或火焰存在安全隐患的问题。
如图2及图3所示，更进一步地，冲洗装置20还包括尾气处理装置29，冲刷箱22形成有与冲刷腔222连通的尾气出口221，尾气出口221与尾气处理装置29的收集箱27连通，使冲刷腔222内对待拆解电池包的冲洗产生的气体通过尾气出口221排出至尾气处理装置29的收集箱，以便尾气处理装置29进行尾气处理，避免尾气造成环境污染。在反应过程中，待拆解电池包的冲洗产生的气体在冲刷腔222内以气泡的形式浮动至冲洗液表面再破裂，实现气体的排出。
如图2及图3所示，在其中一个实施例中，冲洗装置20内具有预定流量的冲刷液，使冲洗液在作用于待拆解电池包表面具有较好的流动性。在其中一个实施例中，预定流量为30L/min～40L/min。
在其中一个实施例中，冲刷液为自来水或纯水。在本实施例中，冲刷液为自来水。可以理解，在其他实施例中，冲刷液还可以为纯水或其他非盐水。
在其中一个实施例中，设定温度为25℃～60℃。在本实施例中，冲刷液为自来水，使冲刷液为温水。优选地，设定温度为25℃～35℃。
在其中一个实施例中，以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的待拆解电池包进行冲洗的时间为20min～25min，使待拆解电池包得到较好地冲洗。
进一步地，以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的待拆解电池包进行冲洗的步骤包括：首先以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的待拆解电池包进行冲洗；其次对冲洗流出的液体进行透明度判断；若冲洗流出的液体的透明度合格，则直接流入出水收集装置；否则，将冲洗流出的液体循环回流至进液口224，使流入出水收集装置内的液体均有利于金属物质的回收，同时提高了正极材料的回收率，同时降低了用液量。在本实施例中，冷却液为自来水。当冲洗流出的液体的透明度不合格时，将冲洗流出的液体循环回流至进液口224，降低了用水量。
更进一步地，对冲洗流出的液体进行透明度判断的步骤具体为：采用塞氏盘法对冲洗流出的液体进行透明度判断，使透明度判断方法较简单且容易实现。在本实施例中，塞氏盘法的直径为15cm。
更进一步地，循环回流的周期时间为14min/次～16min/次。优选地，循环回流的周期时间为15min/次。更进一步地，若将冲洗流出的液体循环回流至进液口224的次数大于或等于3次，且判断冲洗流出的液体的透明度合格，则冲洗流出的液体循环回流结束，即结束回流，将冲洗流出的液体全部流入出水收集装置。
如图2及图3所示，进一步地，冲洗装置20还包括加热件(图未示)，加热件设于冲刷箱22，加热件用于对冲刷腔222内的冲洗液进行加热；当冲刷腔222内的冲洗液的温度低于预设值时，加热件对冲刷腔222内的冲洗液进行加热。可以理解，当冲刷腔222内的冲洗液的流动过程中存在温度较低的情形，即当冲刷腔222内的冲洗液的流动过程中存在低于预设值的情形，加热件对冲刷腔222内的冲洗液进行加热，使冲刷腔222内的冲洗液的温度较恒定，提高了待拆 解电池包在冲洗过程中的反应效果，实现电池单体的内容物有效地分离。在本实施例中，加热件可以为热电阻加热件或热涡流加热件。预设值为25℃。可以理解，预设值可以根据实际需要进行灵活设定。
如图2及图3所示，更进一步地，冲洗装置20还包括温度传感器(图未示)，温度传感器用于感应冲刷腔222内的冲洗液的温度，且温度传感器与加热件的控制端电连接，当温度传感器感应到的温度低于预设值时，加热件对冲刷腔222内的冲洗液进行加热，实现对冲刷腔222内的冲洗液进行智能加热，提高了冲洗装置20的使用方便性。
优选地，在其中一个实施例中，待拆解电池包为外壳变形的无法通过正常放电方式进行放电的事故电池包或电池模组。
优选地，在其中一个实施例中，待拆解电池包的电池单体的正极材料为LCO(Lithium Cobaltate，钴酸锂)、NCM(镍钴锰酸锂)、LFP(LiFePO4，磷酸铁锂)中的一种。在本实施例中，电池单体的正极材料为LCO，由于热失控导致LCO颗粒的破碎，从而产生更小的颗粒，以便电池包拆解方法具有更好的破碎效果，提高了正极材料的回收率。
进一步地，对冲洗流出的液体进行提取金属操作包括：首先对冲洗流出的液体进行收集；然后对收集后液体投加絮凝剂处理；然后再对投加絮凝剂处理后的液体进行压滤处理，得到滤渣；然后对滤渣进行干燥处理；最后对干燥处理后的滤渣进行煅烧处理，得到正极材料，完成金属的提取操作。更进一步地，絮凝剂为有机絮凝剂。具体地，絮凝剂为淀粉、纤维素或壳聚糖中至少一种。更进一步地，对滤渣进行干燥处理的步骤具体为:通过回转窑对滤渣进行干燥处理。在本实施例中，干燥处理的温度为200℃～250℃。更进一步地，对干燥处理后的滤渣进行煅烧处理的步骤具体为:通过回转窑对干燥处理后的滤渣进行煅烧处理。在本实施例中，煅烧处理的温度为800℃～1000℃。
本申请还提供一种电池包放电设备，采用上述任一实施例的电池包放电方法对待拆解电池包进行拆解。
在其中一个实施例中，电池包放电设备包括急冻破坏装置、冲洗装置20及提取装置；急冻破坏装置用于将待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理中的待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝；冲洗装置20用于以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的待拆解 电池包进行冲洗，使待拆解电池包发生反应；提取装置用于对冲洗流出的液体进行提取金属操作。
如图2及图3所示，进一步地，冲洗装置20包括冲刷箱22，冲刷箱22形成有冲刷腔222、进液口224及出液口226，冲刷腔222分别与进液口224及出液口226连通，进液口224用于连通冲刷液源，出液口226用于流出反应液体，使冲洗液先从进液口224流入再从出液口226流出，进而使冲洗液于冲刷腔222内流动。在反应过程中，冲洗液中会产生气泡，在刚开始比较剧烈，后续慢慢地减少，气泡会一直持续到反应终止之前。进一步地，反应终点与无气泡产生之间的间隔时间为大于或等于10min。
如图2及图3所示，进一步地，冲洗装置20还包括置物平台26，置物平台26设于冲刷腔222内，使置物平台26放置待拆解电池包，以便对电池包进行冲洗。更进一步地，待拆解电池包的电池单体的壳体的裂缝朝向进液口224设置，使冲洗液更好地对电池单体进行冲洗，进而使电池单体由反应产生的内容物快速有效地排出，提高了正极材料的回收率。
如图2及图3所示，进一步地，冲刷箱22包括冲刷箱体及密封盖板，冲刷腔222、进液口224及出液口226均形成于冲刷箱体，冲刷箱体的顶部开设有投加口，投加口与冲刷腔222连通，以便通过投加口投加待拆解电池包。密封盖板盖设于投加口，以密封连接于冲刷箱体。更进一步地，密封盖板凸设有密封圈，密封圈弹性抵接于投加口的开口周壁处，使密封盖板更好地密封连接于冲刷箱体。
如图2及图3所示，更进一步地，冲洗装置20还包括至少一块浮板28，浮板28位于冲刷腔222内，且浮板28漂浮于冲刷腔222内的冲洗液的顶面，使浮板28对冲刷腔222内的冲洗液中反应的待拆解电池包进行遮挡，避免反应过于剧烈出现外溅现象，同时使得气泡在水气界面处破碎，降低了待拆解电池包在冲洗液中反应的安全隐患；此外，由于冲刷腔222内的冲洗液处于流动状态，可以有效地抑制冲刷腔222内的冲洗液的温度急剧升高，避免了电池单体的反应过于剧烈。
如图2及图3所示，更进一步地，浮板28的面积占冲刷腔222内的冲刷液的液面面积大于或等于90％，使浮板28对冲刷腔222内的冲洗液中反应的待拆解电池包进行遮挡。进一步地，浮板28由耐火防火材料制成，使浮板28具有 较好的防火性能，提高了浮板28的使用寿命。例如，浮板28为中空PVDF板。更进一步地，浮板28的厚度为1cm～3cm，可漂浮在液面上随气泡浮动，防止水面产生剧烈波动，避免安全隐患的问题。
如图2及图3所示，更进一步地，冲洗装置20还包括尾气处理装置29，冲刷箱22形成有与冲刷腔222连通的尾气出口221，尾气出口221与尾气处理装置29的收集箱连通，使冲刷腔222内对待拆解电池包的冲洗产生的气体通过尾气出口221排出至尾气处理装置29的收集箱，以便尾气处理装置29进行尾气处理，避免尾气造成环境污染。在反应过程中，待拆解电池包的冲洗产生的气体在冲刷腔222内以气泡的形式浮动至冲洗液表面再破裂，且基本可实现气体的无烟排出。
如图2及图3所示，在其中一个实施例中，冲洗装置20内具有预定流量的冲刷液，使冲洗液在作用于待拆解电池包表面具有较好的流动性。在其中一个实施例中，预定流量为30L/min～40L/min。
在其中一个实施例中，冲刷液为自来水或纯水。在本实施例中，冲刷液为自来水。可以理解，在其他实施例中，冲刷液还可以为纯水或其他非盐水。进一步地，冲刷液的温度为25℃～60℃。优选地，冲刷液的温度25℃～35℃。
本申请还提供一种电池包拆解方法，包括上述任一实施例的电池包放电方法。
进一步地，在以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的待拆解电池包进行冲洗的步骤之后，电池包拆解方法还包括：首先，将放电操作后的待拆解电池包从冲洗液中捞出；然后，将捞出的待拆解电池包进行拆解操作，并将电池单体的正极极片进行分离正极极片操作；然后，将分离正极极片操作的电池单体进行破碎处理，以便后续进行正极材料的回收。在本实施例中，将放电操作后的待拆解电池包从冲洗液中捞出的步骤具体为：通过捞取装置将放电操作后的待拆解电池包从冲洗液中捞出。具体地，捞取装置可以为机械手或智能夹持装置。
更进一步地，将放电操作后的待拆解电池包从冲洗液中捞出的步骤位于S105步骤之后。
更进一步地，将分离正极极片操作的电池单体进行破碎处理的步骤具体为：通过输送带将分离正极极片操作的电池单体输送至破碎设备进行破碎处理，由于电池单体在分离正极极片操作之前进行冲洗操作，使电池单体发生反应并有 效地分离了内容物(含电解液)，如此在通过输送带输送至破碎设备进行破碎处理的过程中，不至于出现物料极易粘黏在输送带的输送皮带和破碎辊轮上导致难以清理的问题。
更进一步地，在将分离正极极片操作的电池单体进行破碎处理的步骤之后，电池包拆解方法还包括：将破碎后的残渣进行焙烧处理。进一步地，将破碎后的残渣进行焙烧处理的温度为750℃～900℃，且焙烧处理的时间为1h～2h。
更进一步地，将破碎后的残渣进行焙烧处理的步骤之后，电池包拆解方法还包括：将焙烧处理后的残渣进行打散并筛分操作，以提高正极材料的回收率。在本实施例中，将焙烧处理后的残渣先通过打散机进行打散操作，再通过圆振筛进行筛分操作，提高了正极材料的回收效率。
与相关技术相比，本申请包括但不仅限于以下优点：
1、上述的电池包放电方法，由于先对待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理的待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的内部能够通过裂缝进行快速降温，有利于对待拆解电池包内的粘胶及防震橡胶脆化，实现快速破坏内部电池单体的结构的目的，使电池单体分别与粘胶或防震橡胶更容易分离；
2、在急冻之后，将待拆解电池包以设定温度的冲洗液进行冲洗，流动的冲洗液可以抑制冲洗液流升温，避免待拆解电池包的反应过于剧烈，同时对待拆解电池包的反应产生的气体进行回收处理，避免带出大量黑烟，降低后端尾气的处置压力；
3、急冻后的电池包在投入冲洗液中浸泡一定时间之后通过热传导方式回温才会发生剧烈反应，如此待拆解电池包发生反应具有延时性，保证人员安全；
4、由于急冻后的电池包进行挤压后，内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝，将拆解物放置于冲洗液中浸泡冲洗进行回温后会剧烈反应，产生的气体将电池单体的内容物带入冲洗液中；通过分离内容物，提高正极材料的回收率。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权 利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池包放电方法，其包括：
    将待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理中的所述待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使所述待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝；
    以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗，使所述待拆解电池包发生反应；其中所述设定温度大于0℃；
    对冲洗流出的液体进行提取金属操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包放电方法，其中，以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗的步骤具体为：
    通过冲洗装置以所述设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包放电方法，其中，所述冲洗装置内具有预定流量的冲刷液。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包放电方法，其中，所述预定流量为30L/min～40L/min。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包放电方法，其中，所述冲刷液为自来水或纯水。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包放电方法，其中，所述设定温度为25℃～60℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包放电方法，其中，以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗的时间为20min～25min。
  8. 一种电池包放电设备，其中，采用权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电池包放电方法对所述待拆解电池包进行拆解。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池包放电设备，其中，包括急冻破坏装置、冲洗装置及提取装置；
    所述急冻破坏装置用于将待拆解电池包进行急冻处理，并对急冻处理中的所述待拆解电池包进行破坏操作，使所述待拆解电池包内部的电池单体的外壳 形成用于渗入冷却液的裂缝；所述冲洗装置用于以设定温度的冲洗液将急冻后的所述待拆解电池包进行冲洗，使所述待拆解电池包发生反应；所述提取装置用于对冲洗流出的液体进行提取金属操作。
  10. 一种电池包拆解方法，其中，包括权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电池包放电方法。
PCT/CN2023/077599 2022-09-06 2023-02-22 电池包放电方法及设备、电池包拆解方法 WO2024051101A1 (zh)

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