WO2024040837A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024040837A1
WO2024040837A1 PCT/CN2022/143266 CN2022143266W WO2024040837A1 WO 2024040837 A1 WO2024040837 A1 WO 2024040837A1 CN 2022143266 W CN2022143266 W CN 2022143266W WO 2024040837 A1 WO2024040837 A1 WO 2024040837A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode terminal
lead
end cover
out hole
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/143266
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨剑雄
陈新祥
郭志君
郑于炼
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024040837A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024040837A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the power battery includes battery cells.
  • the adapter parts of the battery cells and the electrode terminals are welded and fixed.
  • the metal shavings left by the welding can easily increase the safety risks of the battery cells.
  • the present application provides an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which reduces safety risks caused by residual metal shavings.
  • the first aspect of this application proposes an end cover assembly for a battery cell, the end cover assembly includes:
  • An end cover, the end cover is provided with an outlet hole
  • Electrode terminal the electrode terminal is installed on the end cover, and part of the electrode terminal is inserted into the lead-out hole.
  • the bottom surface of the electrode terminal protrudes from the lead-out hole and is used for connecting with the battery cell.
  • the adapter parts are welded and fixed.
  • an adapter component can be used to facilitate the cleaning of metal shavings, which reduces the residual metal shavings after welding and reduces the safety risks caused by the residual metal shavings.
  • the lower surface of the end cap has a first area opposite to the adapter component, and the adapter component is connected to the first area Interval settings.
  • the adapter component is spaced apart from the first region, which can avoid interference between the adapter component and the end cover, and improve the stability of welding between the adapter component and the electrode terminal.
  • the distance between the adapter component and the first area is L, where 0 ⁇ L ⁇ 0.3mm.
  • the distance between the adapter component and the lower surface is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.3mm, the adapter component and the lower surface can be spaced apart to reduce the transfer of welding heat to the end cover and reduce the transfer of welding heat to the end cover. adverse effects.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface is T, where T ⁇ [0.05mm, 1mm]. Set the protruding height of the bottom surface of the electrode terminal relative to the lead-out hole within the range of [0.05mm, 1mm].
  • the electrode terminal includes a terminal plate and an extension part.
  • the terminal plate is located on one side of the end cover and covers the lead-out hole.
  • the end cover assembly also includes a sealing ring, at least part of which The sealing ring is located between the terminal plate and the end cover to seal the lead-out hole.
  • the extension part extends into the lead-out hole. Along the radial direction of the lead-out hole, the extension part is connected to the lead-out hole.
  • the distance between the sealing rings is k, k ⁇ [1.5mm, 2.5mm].
  • the sealing ring is provided to seal the lead-out hole.
  • the extension part and the sealing ring are spaced apart to reduce the transfer of welding heat to the sealing ring, reduce the adverse effects of welding heat on the sealing ring, and ensure the sealing The sealing effect of the ring.
  • the sealing ring includes a first part and a second part, the first part is located between the terminal plate and the end cover, and the second part extends into the lead-out hole. , along the radial direction of the lead-out hole, the distance between the extension part and the second part is k, k ⁇ [1.5mm, 2.5mm]. Arranging the sealing ring into the first part and the second part can improve the positioning effect of the sealing ring, thereby improving the sealing effect of the sealing ring.
  • the extension part is a cylindrical structure
  • the sealing ring is a circular ring
  • the diameter of the cylindrical structure is d1
  • the inner diameter of the circular ring is d2, where d1/d2 ⁇ [0.75, 2.5].
  • the extension part is arranged into a cylindrical structure, and the sealing ring is arranged into a circular ring member, which facilitates the coaxial assembly of the sealing ring and the extension part during the installation process, and improves the assembly accuracy of the sealing ring.
  • the ratio between the diameter of the cylindrical structure and the inner diameter of the annular member is set within the interval of [0.75, 2.5], so that the extension part has a large enough cross-section to facilitate a large flow area after being connected to the adapter component. , reducing the impact of heat at the connection location on the performance of the battery cells.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical structure is d1 ⁇ [12mm, 16mm], and the inner diameter of the annular member is d2 ⁇ [15.2mm, 20mm].
  • the installation accuracy of the sealing ring is further improved, and the extended part of the cylindrical structure has a larger cross-sectional area, so that the flow between the cylindrical structure and the adapter component is The area has been further increased.
  • the electrode terminal further includes:
  • Insulating member the insulating member is provided in the circumferential direction of the terminal board;
  • the fixing part is separated from the electrode terminal by the insulating part.
  • the fixing part is connected to the insulating part and the end cover respectively.
  • the fixing part is a conductive part.
  • the terminal board, insulating piece, fixing piece and end cover are connected in sequence to realize the connection and fixation of the electrode terminal on the end cover.
  • the insulating piece is used to realize the insulation setting of the electrode terminal and the end cover, which improves the safety during use.
  • the bottom surface is flat.
  • the end cover includes a top cover plate and an insulating plate
  • the insulating plate is installed at the bottom of the top cover plate
  • the lead-out hole penetrates the top cover plate and the insulating plate, so The bottom surface of the electrode terminal exceeds the corresponding surface of the insulating plate and the adapter component.
  • the insulating board can insulate and separate the top cover plate and the adapter components.
  • the second aspect of this application proposes a battery cell, including:
  • An adapter component covers the bottom surface of the electrode terminal and is welded and fixed to the bottom surface.
  • the adapter component is a flat plate structure, which can facilitate the cleaning of metal shavings and facilitate manufacturing.
  • the adapter component is provided with a groove on a side facing the electrode terminal, part of the electrode terminal is accommodated in the groove, and the adapter component is away from the electrode terminal.
  • One side is flat or has a protrusion at a position corresponding to the groove. On the one hand, it facilitates the cleaning of metal chips. On the other hand, the compactness of the internal structure of the battery cell can be improved.
  • the battery cell further includes a cell assembly, the cell assembly includes a main body and tabs, the adapter component connects the tabs and the electrode terminals, and the The thickness of the part where the adapter component is welded to the electrode terminal is M;
  • the lower surface of the end cap has a first area opposite to the adapter component.
  • the distance between the first area and the battery core assembly is D.
  • the protrusion of the bottom surface The height is T, T ⁇ (D-M).
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a battery, including: the battery cell as described above.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the battery cell as described above.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a structural diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 4 schematically shows an exploded structural diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 5 schematically shows a structural diagram of an end cap assembly according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of the end cap assembly shown in Figure 5 (showing the adapter component);
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part B of the end cap assembly shown in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part C of the structure shown in Figure 7 (showing the battery core assembly);
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part C of the structure shown in Figure 7 (the transfer structure is not shown);
  • Figure 10 is an exploded structural view of the end cap assembly shown in Figure 5.
  • 100 is the battery, 200 is the controller, and 300 is the motor;
  • 110 is the battery module
  • 120 is the box
  • 121 is the first box part, 122 is the second box part;
  • 111 is the top cover plate
  • 112 is the insulating plate
  • 113 is the lead-out hole
  • 1131 is the first hole part
  • 1132 is the second hole part
  • 114 is the lower surface
  • 1141 is the first area
  • 121 is an extension part, 122 is a terminal board, 123 is an insulating part, 124 is a fixing part, and 125 is the bottom surface;
  • 131 is the first part, 132 is the second part;
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. . As the application fields of power batteries continue to expand, their market demand is also expanding.
  • the battery cells of the power battery have electrode terminals, battery cores and adapter components.
  • the electrode terminals are electrically connected to the tabs of the battery core through the adapter components.
  • the adapter components are connected to the electrode terminals. They are fixed by welding.
  • metal shavings are easy to remain during the welding process. The remaining metal shavings can easily lead to problems such as short circuit of the battery cells, increasing safety risks. Therefore, how to reduce the safety risks caused by the remaining metal shavings has become a problem in this field. Technical problems that technicians urgently need to solve.
  • the applicant found that by extending the bottom surface of the electrode terminal out of the lead-out hole of the end cover, when the electrode terminal and the adapter component are welded and fixed, a tool that facilitates the cleaning of metal shavings can be used
  • the adapter component reduces the residual metal shavings after welding and reduces the safety risks caused by the residual metal shavings.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in, but are not limited to, electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • a power supply system including the battery cells, batteries, etc. disclosed in this application can be used to form the electrical device.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300.
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300, for example, for the starting, navigation and operating power requirements of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may include multiple battery cells.
  • a battery cell refers to the smallest unit that constitutes a battery 100 module or a battery 100 package. Multiple battery cells may be connected in series and/or in parallel via electrode terminals for various applications.
  • the battery 100 mentioned in this application includes a battery 100 module or a battery 100 pack. Among them, multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed. Hybrid refers to a mixture of series and parallel. Battery 100 may also be referred to as a battery 100 pack. In the embodiment of the present application, multiple battery cells can be directly formed into a battery pack, or a battery 100 module can be formed first, and then the battery 100 modules can be formed into a battery 100 pack.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 100 may include a plurality of battery modules 110 and a case 120 , and the plurality of battery modules 110 are accommodated inside the case 120 .
  • the box 120 is used to accommodate the battery cells or battery modules 110 to prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the box 120 may be a single cuboid, a simple three-dimensional structure such as a cylinder or a sphere, or a complex three-dimensional structure composed of a combination of simple three-dimensional structures such as a cuboid, a cylinder or a sphere, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the material of the box body 120 may be alloy materials such as aluminum alloy, iron alloy, etc., or may be polymer materials such as polycarbonate, polyisocyanurate foam, or composite materials such as glass fiber and epoxy resin.
  • alloy materials such as aluminum alloy, iron alloy, etc.
  • polymer materials such as polycarbonate, polyisocyanurate foam, or composite materials such as glass fiber and epoxy resin.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the box body 120 may include a first box part 121 and a second box part 122 .
  • the first box part 121 and the second box part 122 cover each other.
  • the first box part 121 and the second box part 122 cover each other.
  • the second box portions 122 jointly define a space for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second box part 122 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 121 may be a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 121 is covered with the opening side of the second box part 122 so that the first box part 121 and the second box part 122 are connected to each other.
  • the two box parts 122 jointly define a space for accommodating battery cells; the first box part 121 and the second box part 122 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first box part 121 is covered with the second box part 121 .
  • the opening side of the box portion 122 is also considered.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery module 110 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery module 110 may include multiple battery cells 10 .
  • the multiple battery cells 10 may be first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 110 .
  • the multiple battery modules 110 may then be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery.
  • the battery cell 10 may include a lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, a magnesium-ion battery, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell 10 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • Battery cells 10 are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, rectangular battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto. However, for the sake of simplicity of description, the following embodiments take a rectangular battery cell as an example.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 10 refers to the smallest unit that makes up the battery.
  • the battery cell 10 includes an end cover assembly 1 , a housing 3 , a cell assembly 2 and an adapter component 4 .
  • the end cover assembly 1 includes an end cover 11 and an electrode terminal 12 provided on the end cover.
  • the end cap 11 refers to a component that covers the opening of the case 3 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 10 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 11 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 3 to fit the housing 3 .
  • the end cap 11 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the end cap 11 is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and collision, so that the battery cell 10 can have higher durability. Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the housing 3 is a component used to cooperate with the end cover 11 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 10 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the battery core assembly 2 , electrolyte (not shown in the figure) and other components. .
  • the housing 3 and the end cover 11 may be independent components, and an opening may be provided on the housing 3.
  • the end cover 11 covers the opening at the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 10.
  • the housing 3 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 3 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery core assembly 2 .
  • the housing 3 can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not particularly limited to this.
  • the battery cell assembly 2 is a component in the battery cell 10 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • the housing 3 may contain one or more battery core components 2 .
  • the battery core assembly 2 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that contain active material constitute the main body of the battery assembly 2 , and the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that do not contain active material each constitute tabs (not shown in the figure).
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively located at both ends of the main body.
  • the electrode terminal 12 is a component provided on the end cover 11 for electrical connection with the battery cell assembly 2 and for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell.
  • the electrode terminal 12 is electrically connected to the tab of the cell assembly 2 through an adapter component (not shown in the figure).
  • an adapter component not shown in the figure.
  • the adapter component is a conductive component, and the electrode terminals 12 are electrically connected through the adapter component.
  • the materials of the adapter parts include but are not limited to nickel-plated copper or nickel strips. Among them, nickel-plated copper or nickel strips have the advantages of good spot welding effect, lower internal resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. Nickel-plated copper is used. Or the adapter component made of nickel strip can make the battery pack discharge longer and the discharge effect better.
  • this application proposes an end cover assembly 1 for a battery cell 10.
  • the end cover assembly 1 includes an end cover 11 and an electrode terminal 12.
  • the end cover 11 is provided with an outlet hole 113.
  • the electrode terminal 12 is installed on the end cover 11 , and part of the electrode terminal 12 passes through the lead-out hole 113 .
  • the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 extends out of the lead-out hole 113 and is used for welding and fixing with the adapter component 4 of the battery cell 10 .
  • the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 refers to the surface of the electrode terminal 12 away from the outside of the end cap. After the end cover assembly 1 is installed on the casing 3 of the battery cell 10, the electrode terminal 12 is located inside the battery cell 10 and faces the side of the cell assembly. At the same time, the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is also used to communicate with the rotor. Component 4 is welded and fixed.
  • the lead-out hole 113 refers to a hole-like structure opened on the end cover 11 , through which the opposite sides of the end cover 11 can be connected.
  • the shape of the lead-out hole 113 can be circular, rectangular, triangular, diamond or other shapes.
  • the shape of the body of the electrode terminal 12 located in the lead-out hole 113 is consistent with the shape of the lead-out hole 113, so that the electrode terminal 12 can be easily drawn out. Plug and unplug in hole 113.
  • Part of the electrode terminal 12 passing through the lead-out hole 113 means that the electrode terminal 12 passes through the lead-out hole 113 , and part of the body of the electrode terminal 12 is located inside the lead-out hole 113 , and part of the body of the electrode terminal 12 is located outside the lead-out hole 113 .
  • Welding and fixing refers to connecting and fixing the adapter component 4 and the electrode terminal 12 by welding.
  • the adapter component 4 is provided with a convex bump at a position corresponding to the lead-out hole 113.
  • the convex bump enters the lead-out hole 113 and abuts against the electrode terminal 12.
  • metal shavings will be produced. Due to the small size of the profiling structure, the cleaning effect cannot be guaranteed during the cleaning process of the metal shavings, and metal shavings are easily left behind. In this case, after the remaining metal shavings enter the interior of the casing 3 of the battery cell 10, the metal shavings will pierce the separator of the battery cell assembly and cause a short circuit of the battery cell assembly.
  • the adapter part 4 can be used to facilitate the cleaning of metal shavings, which reduces the residual metal shavings after welding and reduces the safety risks caused by the residual metal shavings.
  • the lower surface 114 of the end cover 11 has a first area 1141 opposite to the adapter component 4 , and the adapter component 4 is connected to the first area 1141 .
  • An area 1141 is set at intervals.
  • the lower surface 114 of the end cap 11 refers to one side of the end cap 11 . After the end cap assembly 1 is installed on the housing 3 of the battery cell 10 , the lower surface 114 faces the inside of the battery cell 10 .
  • the first area 1141 is formed on the lower surface 114 of the end cap 11 , and may be a part of the lower surface 114 or the entire lower surface 114 .
  • the lead-out hole 113 is formed in the first area 1141.
  • the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 protrudes from the lead-out hole 113.
  • the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 also protrudes.
  • the first area 1141 is spaced apart from the adapter component 4 so that there is enough space between the adapter component 4 and the end cover 11 to accommodate The protruding portion of the electrode terminal 12.
  • the end cap adapter component 4 and the first region 1141 at intervals, interference between the adapter component 4 and the end cap 11 can be avoided, and the stability of the welding of the adapter component 4 and the electrode terminal 12 can be improved.
  • the distance between the adapter component 4 and the first area 1141 along the axial direction of the lead-out hole 113 is L, where 0 ⁇ L ⁇ 0.3mm.
  • the adapter component 4 and the lower surface 114 can be spaced apart to reduce the transfer of welding heat to the end cover 11 , reducing the adverse effects of welding heat on the end cover 11.
  • the value of the distance between the adapter component 4 and the lower surface 114 can be any value among 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm...0.3mm. .
  • the distance between the adapter component 4 and the first area 1141 is L, where L refers to the shortest distance between the adapter component 4 and the area.
  • L refers to the shortest distance between the adapter component 4 and the area.
  • the distance between the two is L.
  • the plane structure and the slope in the axial direction of the lead-out hole 113, the plane structure and the slope The distance to the closest position of the structure is L and so on.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 is T, where T ⁇ [0.05mm, 1mm].
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 refers to the distance between the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 and the opening of the lead hole 113 along the axial direction of the lead hole 113.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 is T, where T is the shortest distance between the bottom surface 125 and the opening of the lead-out hole 113.
  • T is the shortest distance between the bottom surface 125 and the opening of the lead-out hole 113.
  • T is the distance between the bottom surface 125 and the opening of the lead-out hole.
  • the planar structure The distance to the nearest position of the slope structure is L and so on.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 relative to the lead-out hole 113 is set within the interval of [0.05mm, 1mm].
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 relative to the lead-out hole 113 is set within the interval of [0.05 mm, 1 mm], which effectively prevents the transfer of welding heat and effectively reduces the impact on the battery cells. 10 occupancy of internal space.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is less than 0.05 mm, during the process of welding and fixing the electrode terminal 12 and the adapter component 4, the welding heat will be transferred to the end cover 11, causing the end cover 11 to be heated and deformed. and other undesirable situations; when the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is greater than 1 mm, the electrode terminal 12 extends too far into the interior of the battery cell 10, thereby occupying the internal space of the battery cell 10, which is not conducive to the battery cell. 10. Layout of the internal structure.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 can be 0.05mm, 0.10mm, 0.15mm, 0.20mm, 0.25mm, 0.30mm, 0.35mm, 0.40mm, 0.45 Any value among mm, 0.50mm, 0.55mm, 0.60mm, 0.65mm, 0.70mm, 0.75mm, 0.80mm, 0.85mm, 0.90mm, 0.95mm...1.00mm.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is 0.2 mm.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is 0.2 mm.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is 0.3 mm.
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is placed closer to the end cover 11 on the basis of ensuring that the electrode terminal 12 has a small impact on the internal space of the battery cell 10. The transfer of welding heat between the electrode terminal 12 and the adapter component 4 to the end cover 11 is reduced.
  • the electrode terminal 12 includes a terminal plate 122 and an extension portion 121 .
  • the terminal plate 122 is located on one side of the end cover 11 and covers the lead-out hole 113 .
  • the end cover assembly 1 It also includes a sealing ring 13. At least part of the sealing ring 13 is located between the terminal plate 122 and the end cover 11 to seal the lead-out hole 113.
  • the extension part 121 extends into the lead-out hole 113 along the radial direction of the lead-out hole 113, as shown in Figure 7 As shown, the distance between the extension part 121 and the sealing ring 13 is k, k ⁇ [1.5mm, 2.5mm].
  • the electrode terminal 12 has a connected terminal plate 122 and an extension portion 121, wherein the extension portion 121 passes through the lead hole 113 of the end cover 11, and the terminal plate 122 is located outside the lead hole 113 and covers the lead hole 113.
  • the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is formed on the extension part 121, and one end of the extension part 121 with the bottom surface 125 extends out of the lead-out hole 113.
  • the sealing ring 13 is sleeved on the radial outside of the extension part 121, and part of the sealing ring 13 connects the terminal A seal is provided between plate 122 and end cap 11 .
  • the sealing ring 13 is provided to seal the lead-out hole 113 and effectively isolate the inside and outside of the battery cell 10. At the same time, the extension part 121 and the sealing ring 13 are spaced apart to reduce the transfer of welding heat to the sealing ring 13. The adverse effects of the welding heat on the sealing ring 13 are reduced, and the sealing effect of the sealing ring 13 is ensured.
  • the sealing ring 13 and the extension part 121 have a good distance interval, and avoid the electrode terminal 12 and the During the process of welding and fixing the adapter component 4, heat is transferred to the sealing ring 13.
  • the structure is also made more compact, preventing the battery cell 10 from occupying space.
  • the gap between the sealing ring 13 and the extension part 121 is small.
  • a small gap can easily cause welding heat to be transferred to the sealing ring 13, thereby easily causing damage to the sealing ring 13, and it is also inconvenient to install the sealing ring 13; when the gap between the extension part 121 and the sealing ring 13 is greater than 2.5mm, The gap between the sealing ring 13 and the extension part 121 is relatively large, and a large gap will cause displacement in the radial direction of the sealing ring 13 , which may easily lead to a reduction in installation accuracy.
  • the value of the distance between the extension part 121 and the sealing ring 13 can be 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, Any value among 2.3mm, 2.4mm...2.5mm.
  • the distance between the extension portion 121 and the sealing ring 13 is 1.6 mm.
  • the distance between the extension portion 121 and the sealing ring 13 is 2 mm.
  • the distance between the extension part 121 and the sealing ring 13 can be increased, further enhancing the It has a heat-resisting effect on welding heat and also facilitates positioning operations during the assembly process.
  • the sealing ring 13 includes a first part 131 and a second part 132.
  • the first part 131 is located between the terminal plate 122 and the end cover 11, and the second part 132 extends Entering the lead-out hole 113, along the radial direction of the lead-out hole 113, the distance between the extension part 121 and the second part 132 is k, k ⁇ [1.5 mm, 2.5 mm].
  • the size of the terminal plate 122 is larger than the size of the lead-out hole 113
  • the size of the extension portion 121 is smaller than the size of the lead-out hole 113
  • the sealing ring 13 is set on the outside of the extension portion 121.
  • the second part 132 and the extension part 121 have a good interval, This prevents heat from being transferred to the sealing ring 13 during the welding and fixing process of the electrode terminal 12 and the adapter component 4 . On this basis, the accuracy of installation can also be effectively improved.
  • the extension part 121 is a cylindrical structure
  • the sealing ring 13 is a circular ring
  • the diameter of the cylindrical structure is d1
  • the inner diameter of the circular ring is d2, where d1/d2 ⁇ [0.75, 2.5].
  • the extension part 121 is configured as a cylindrical structure
  • the sealing ring 13 is configured as a circular ring member, which facilitates the coaxial assembly of the sealing ring 13 and the extension part 121 during the installation process, and improves the assembly accuracy of the sealing ring 13 .
  • the ratio between the diameter of the cylindrical structure and the inner diameter of the annular member is set within the interval of [0.75, 2.5], so that the extension part 121 has a large enough cross-section to facilitate a larger pass after being connected to the adapter component 4.
  • the flow area reduces the situation where heat at the connection location affects the performance of the battery cell 10 .
  • the extension part 121 is set as a cylindrical structure, and the sealing ring 13 is set as a circular ring member, which facilitates the processing of both during the manufacturing process, so that the processing efficiency is improved.
  • the cylindrical structure and the circular ring member are processed During the assembly process, a sleeve needs to be used as an auxiliary tool for installation.
  • the sealing ring 13 is set on the outside of the sleeve, and the extension part 121 is plugged into the inside of the sleeve.
  • the sleeve can be used to quickly connect the sealing ring 13 and the extension part 121.
  • the coaxial arrangement realizes the positioning and installation of the sealing ring 13 and the electrode terminal 12, thereby improving the installation accuracy.
  • the heat during the welding process can be effectively blocked, preventing the welding heat from being transferred from the extension part 121 to the sealing ring 13, so that the sealing ring 13 is effectively Protect.
  • d1/d2 can be any value among 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25...2.5.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical structure is d1 ⁇ [12mm, 16mm], and the inner diameter of the annular member is d2 ⁇ [15.2mm, 20mm].
  • the installation accuracy of the sealing ring 13 is further improved, and the extension part 121 of the cylindrical structure has a larger cross-sectional area, so that it can be connected with the adapter component
  • the flow area between 4 has been further improved.
  • the value of d1 can be any value among 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm...16mm.
  • the value of d1 can be any value among 15.2mm, 15.5mm, 16mm, 16.5mm...20mm.
  • the diameter d1 of the cylindrical structure is 12mm
  • the extension parts 121 can meet the insertion requirements of the sleeve (auxiliary installation tool), thereby ensuring the installation accuracy of the sealing ring 13 , and the extension part 121 of a cylindrical structure has a large cross-sectional area, so that it can be connected with the adapter component 4 The flow area between them has been increased, reducing undesirable situations such as desoldering caused by excessive heat generation during use.
  • the diameter d1 of the cylindrical structure is set to 16 mm
  • the extension parts 121 can meet the insertion requirements of the sleeve, thereby ensuring the installation accuracy of the sealing ring 13
  • the extension part 121 of the cylindrical structure has a larger cross-sectional area, further increasing the distance between the extension part 121 and the adapter part 4 The flow area between them further reduces the occurrence of undesirable situations such as desoldering due to excessive heat generation during use.
  • the electrode terminal 12 also includes an insulating member 123 and a fixing member 124 .
  • the insulating member 123 is provided in the circumferential direction of the terminal plate 122 , and the fixing member 124 passes through the insulating member 123 Separated from the electrode terminal 12, the fixing part 124 is connected to the insulating part 123 and the end cover 11 respectively, and the fixing part 124 is a conductive part.
  • the terminal board 122, the insulating member 123, the fixing member 124 and the end cover 11 are connected in sequence to realize the connection and fixation of the electrode terminal 12 on the end cover 11.
  • the insulating member 123 is used to realize the connection between the electrode terminal 12 and the end cover 11. The insulation setting improves the safety during use.
  • the fixing member 124 is a welding ring
  • the insulating member 123 is made of plastic.
  • the electrode terminal 12, the welding ring and the plastic can be assembled on the assembled end cover 11. During assembly, the welding The ring presses the electrode terminal 12, and plastic is injected into the gap between the welding ring and the electrode terminal 12 by injection molding, thereby realizing the connection and fixation of the welding ring and the electrode terminal 12.
  • the bottom surface 125 is flat.
  • the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 and the adapter component 4 of the battery cell 10 are connected and fixed by welding.
  • the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is extended out of the lead-out hole 113 Arranged so that the adapter component 4 can be used as a planar structure.
  • the bottom surface 125 can be an inclined surface or a curved surface, and the bottom surface 125 is also provided with grooves.
  • the end cover 11 has an integrated structure, and is itself an insulating member 123 , and the lead-out hole 113 is opened in the end cover 11 .
  • the end cover 11 has a split structure, including a top cover plate 111 and an insulating plate 112.
  • the top cover plate 111 and the insulating plate 112 are bonded together. , fastener connection, riveting or welding, etc. for connection and fixation.
  • the top cover plate 111 is arranged away from the inside of the casing 3, and the insulating plate 112 faces the casing.
  • the body 3 is provided with a first hole 1131 on the top cover 111 and a second hole 1132 on the insulating plate 112. After the top cover 111 and the insulating plate 112 are connected, the first hole 1131 and the second hole 1132 are connected.
  • the hole portions 1132 are overlapped to form the lead-out hole 113 .
  • first hole part 1131 and the second hole part 1132 may be coaxially disposed.
  • the first hole 1131 and the second hole 1132 are coaxially arranged, so that the structure of the lead-out hole 113 is more convenient for assembling the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the opening of the first hole portion 1131 has a first flange protruding toward the insulation plate 112 side
  • the opening of the second hole portion 1132 has a second flange protruding toward the top cover plate 111 side.
  • the size of the first flange is larger than the size of the second flange.
  • the second aspect of this application proposes a battery cell 10 , including: the end cover assembly 1 as mentioned above and the adapter component 4 .
  • the adapter component 4 covers the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 and is welded and fixed to the bottom surface 125 .
  • the adapter component 4 has a flat plate structure, which can facilitate the cleaning of metal chips and facilitate manufacturing.
  • the side of the adapter component 4 facing the electrode terminal 12 is provided with a groove, and part of the electrode terminal 12 is accommodated in the groove.
  • the side of the adapter component 4 facing away from the electrode terminal is a flat surface or a corresponding groove.
  • the position is provided with a bulge. On the one hand, it facilitates the cleaning of metal chips.
  • the internal structure of the battery cell 10 can be made more compact.
  • the battery cell 10 also includes a battery core assembly 2.
  • the battery core assembly 2 includes a main body 22 and tabs 21, and an adapter component 4 connects the tabs 21 and electrode terminals. 12.
  • the thickness of the portion where the adapter member 4 and the electrode terminal 12 are welded is M.
  • the lower surface 114 of the end cover 11 has a first area 1141 opposite to the adapter component 4.
  • the distance between the first area 1141 and the battery core assembly 2 is D
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 is T, T ⁇ (D-M).
  • the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 is T, where T ⁇ [0.05mm, 1mm].
  • the value of the protruding height of the bottom surface 125 of the electrode terminal 12 relative to the lead-out hole 113 is set within the interval of [0.05mm, 1mm]. This is the basis for facilitating the cleaning of metal chips during the welding and fixation of the electrode terminal 12 and the adapter component 4. This reduces the adverse effects of heat generated during welding and fixation on the end cap, and also reduces the space occupied by the electrode terminal 12.
  • the third aspect of this application proposes a battery, including the above battery cell 10 .
  • the fourth aspect of the present application proposes an electrical device.
  • the electrical device includes the above battery cell 10
  • the present application proposes an end cover assembly 1.
  • the end cover assembly 1 includes an end cover 11, a sealing ring 13 and an electrode terminal 12, wherein the end cover 11 includes a top cover plate 111 and an insulating plate 112.
  • the end cover 11 formed by the top cover plate 111 and the insulating plate 112 is provided with an outlet hole 113.
  • the electrode terminal 12 includes a terminal plate 122, an extension part 121, and an insulating piece 123 (such as plastic).
  • the sealing ring 13 includes a first part 131 and a second part 132, the fixing part 124 is sleeved on the radial outside of the terminal plate 122, and the insulating part 123 fills between the terminal plate 122 and the fixing part 124 .
  • the sealing ring 13 is matched with the top cover plate 111, so that the first part 131 of the sealing ring 13 abuts the top cover plate 111, and the second part 132 is inserted into the lead-out hole 113 and connected with the top cover plate 111.
  • the inner walls of the lead-out hole 113 fit together, and the extension part 121 of the electrode terminal 12 is inserted into the sealing ring 13 , so that the terminal plate 122 abuts the first part 131 of the sealing ring 13 , and the extension part 121 and the second part of the sealing ring 13
  • the spacing distance between parts 132 is k, k ⁇ [1.5mm, 2.5mm].
  • the bottom surface 125 of 12 extends out of the lead-out hole 113, and the height of the extension is T, where T ⁇ [0.05mm, 1mm].
  • extension part 121 is a cylindrical structure
  • second part 132 of the sealing ring 13 is a circular ring. piece
  • the diameter of the cylindrical structure is d1
  • the inner diameter of the circular ring piece is d2, where d1/d2 ⁇ [0.75, 2.5].
  • the adapter part 4 can be used to facilitate the cleaning of metal shavings, which reduces the residual metal shavings after welding and reduces the safety risks caused by the residual metal shavings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，该端盖组件用于电池单体，包括端盖和电极端子，端盖设有引出孔，电极端子安装于端盖，并且部分电极端子穿设于引出孔，电极端子的底面伸出引出孔，并用于与电池单体的转接部件焊接固定。根据本申请的端盖组件，当端盖组件用于电池单体并与电池单体的转接部件进行连接时，由于电极端子的底面凸伸出引出孔设置，电极端子与转接部件焊接固定时，可使用便于金属屑清理的转接部件，减小了焊接后金属屑的残留，降低了因金属屑残留导致的安全风险。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年8月26日提交的名称为“端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202222268176.8的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
本部分提供的仅仅是与本公开相关的背景信息，其并不必然是现有技术。
随着新能源的发展，越来越多的领域采用新能源作为动力。由于具有能量密度高、可循环充电、安全环保等优点，动力电池被广泛应用于新能源汽车、消费电子、储能系统等领域中。
动力电池包括电池单体，电池单体的转接部件与电极端子之间焊接固定，焊接残留的金属屑易于增大电池单体的安全隐患。
实用新型内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，降低了因金属屑残留引起的安全风险。
本申请的第一方面提出了一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，所述端盖组件包括：
端盖，所述端盖设有引出孔；
电极端子，所述电极端子安装于所述端盖，并且部分所述电极端子穿设于所述引出孔，所述电极端子的底面伸出所述引出孔，并用于与所述电池单体的转接部件焊接固定。
根据本申请的端盖组件，当端盖组件用于电池单体并与电池单体的转接部件进行连接时，由于电极端子的底面凸伸出所述引出孔设置，电极端子与转接部件焊接固定时，可使用便于金属屑清理的转接部件，减小了焊接后金属屑的残留，降低了因金属屑残留导致的安全风险。
在本申请的一些实施例中，沿所述引出孔的轴向，所述端盖的下表面具有与所述转接部件相对设置的第一区域，所述转接部件与所述第一区域间隔设置。转接部件与第一区域间隔设置，可以避免转接部件与端盖干涉，提高转接部件与电极端子焊接的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，沿所述引出孔的轴向，所述转接部件与所述第一区域之间的距离为L，其中，0<L≤0.3mm。当转接部件与下表面之间的距离大于0，且小于或等于0.3mm时，能够使得转接部件与下表面间隔设置，以降低焊接热量向端盖进行传递，降低了焊接热量对端盖产生的不良影响。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述底面的伸出高度为T，其中，T∈[0.05mm，1mm]。将电极端子的底面相对引出孔的伸出高度的取值设置在[0.05mm，1mm]的区间内，电极端子与转接部件焊接固定的过程中，便于金属屑清理的基础上，减少了焊接固定时产生的热量对端盖产生不良影响的情况，还可以减少电极端子占用的空间。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电极端子包括端子板和延伸部分，所述端子板位于端盖的一侧且覆盖所述引出孔，所述端盖组件还包括密封圈，至少部分所述密封圈位于所述端子板与所述端盖之间，以密封所述引出孔，所述延伸部分伸入所述引出孔中，沿所述引出孔的径向，所述延伸部分与所述密封圈之间的距离为k，k∈[1.5mm，2.5mm]。设置密封圈实现了对引出孔的 密封，同时，将延伸部分与密封圈之间间隔设置，减少了焊接热量向密封圈的传递，减小了焊接热量对密封圈产生的不良影响，保证了密封圈的密封效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述密封圈包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分位于所述端子板与所述端盖之间,所述第二部分伸入所述引出孔中，沿所述引出孔的径向，所述延伸部分与所述第二部分之间的距离为k，k∈[1.5mm，2.5mm]。将密封圈设置成第一部分和第二部分，可以提高密封圈的定位效果，从而提高了密封圈的密封效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述延伸部分为圆柱结构，所述密封圈为圆环件，所述圆柱结构的直径为d1，所述圆环件的内径为d2，其中，d1/d2∈[0.75，2.5]。将延伸部分设置成圆柱结构，以及将密封圈设置成圆环件，便于安装过程中的密封圈与延伸部分的同轴装配，提高了密封圈的装配精度。另外，将圆柱结构的直径和圆环件的内径的比值设置在[0.75，2.5]的区间内，使得延伸部分具有足够大的截面，以便于与转接部件连接后具有较大的过流面积，减少了连接位置发热影响电池单体的性能的情况。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述圆柱结构的直径d1∈[12mm，16mm]，所述圆环件的内径为d2∈[15.2mm，20mm]。
通过将圆柱结构的直径以及圆环件的内径设置为上述数值，进一步提高了密封圈的安装精度，以及为圆柱结构的延伸部分具有较大的截面积，使得与转接部件之间的过流面积得到了进一步地提高。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电极端子还包括：
绝缘件，所述绝缘件设于所述端子板的周向；
固定件，所述固定件通过所述绝缘件与所述电极端子隔开，所述固定件分别与绝缘件和所述端盖相连，所述固定件为导电件。
端子板、绝缘件、固定件以及端盖依次连接，以实现将电极端子连接固定在端盖上，同时，利用绝缘件实现了电极端子与端盖的绝缘设置，提高了 使用时的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述底面为平面。
将电极端子的底面设置成平面，增加了电极端子与转接部件连接时的接触面积，提高了电极端子与转接部件之间的连接强度，同时也增大了电极端子与转接部件之间的过流面积，减少了连接位置因发热而影响电池单体的性能的情况发生。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述端盖包括顶盖板和绝缘板，所述绝缘板安装在所述顶盖板的底部，所述引出孔贯穿所述顶盖板和绝缘板，所述电极端子的底面超出绝缘板与转接部件对应的表面。绝缘板可以绝缘隔离顶盖板和转接部件。
本申请的第二方面提出了一种电池单体，包括：
如上所述的端盖组件；
转接部件，所述转接部件覆盖所述电极端子的底面且与所述底面焊接固定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述转接部件为平板结构，可以便于金属屑的清理且便于制造。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述转接部件朝向所述电极端子的一侧设有凹槽，部分所述电极端子容纳于所述凹槽，所述转接部件背离所述电极端子的一侧为平面或对应凹槽的位置设置有凸起。一方面，便于金属屑的清理。另一方面，可以提高电池单体内部结构的紧凑性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括电芯组件，所述电芯组件包括主体部和极耳，所述转接部件连接所述极耳和所述电极端子，所述转接部件与所述电极端子焊接的部分的厚度为M；
沿所述引出孔的轴向，所述端盖的下表面具有与所述转接部件相对设置的第一区域，所述第一区域到电芯组件的距离为D，所述底面的伸出高度为T，T<(D-M)。通过上述设置，可以避免转接部件与主体部干涉。
本申请的第三方面提出了一种电池，包括：如上所述的电池单体。
本申请的第四方面提出了一种用电装置，所述用电装置包括如上所述的电池单体。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了根据本申请实施方式的车辆的结构示意图；
图2示意性地示出了根据本申请实施方式的电池包的结构示意图；
图3示意性地示出了根据本申请实施方式的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4示意性地示出了根据本申请实施方式的电池单体部分结构的分解结构示意图；
图5示意性地示出了根据本申请实施方式的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图6为图5中所示的端盖组件的A-A的剖视图(示出了转接部件)；
图7为图6中所示的端盖组件的B部放大结构示意图；
图8为图7中所示结构的C部放大结构示意图(示出了电芯组件)；
图9为图7中所示结构的C部放大结构示意图(转接结构未示出)；
图10图5中所示的端盖组件的分解结构示意图。
附图标记如下：
1000为车辆；
100为电池，200为控制器，300为马达；
110为电池模块，120为箱体；
121为第一箱部，122为第二箱部；
10为电池单体；
1为端盖组件；
11为端盖；
111为顶盖板，112为绝缘板，113为引出孔，1131为第一孔部，1132为第二孔部，114为下表面，1141为第一区域；
12为电极端子；
121为延伸部分，122为端子板，123为绝缘件，124为固定件，125为底面；
13为密封圈；
131为第一部分，132为第二部分；
2为电芯组件；
3为壳体；
4为转接部件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该 短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求 量也在不断地扩增。
本申请人注意到，动力电池的电池单体中具有电极端子、电芯以及转接部件，电极端子通过转接部件与电芯的极耳电连接，现有技术中，转接部件与电极端子之间通过焊接固定，但是，焊接过程中易于残留金属屑，残留的金属屑易于导致电芯短路等问题，增加了安全风险，因此，如何降低因金属屑残留引起的安全风险的问题成为本领域技术人员亟需解决的技术问题。
为了解决降低因金属屑残留引起的安全风险的问题，申请人研究发现，将电极端子的底面伸出端盖的引出孔，当电极端子与转接部件焊接固定时，可使用便于金属屑清理的转接部件，减小了焊接后金属屑的残留，降低了因金属屑残留导致的安全风险。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电设备，还可以适用于所有包括箱体的电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还 可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池100可以包括多个电池单体，电池单体是指组成电池100模块或电池100包的最小单元。多个电池单体可经由电极端子而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。本申请中所提到的电池100包括电池100模块或电池100包。其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池100也可以称为电池100包。本申请的实施例中多个电池单体可以直接组成电池包，也可以先组成电池100模块，电池100模块再组成电池100包。
图2示出了本申请一实施例的电池100的结构示意图。图2中，电池100可以包括多个电池模块110和箱体120，多个电池模块110容纳于箱体120内部。箱体120用于容纳电池单体或电池模块110，以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。箱体120可以是单独的长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构，也可以是由长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构组合而成的复杂立体结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。箱体120的材质可以是如铝合金、铁合金等合金材料，也可以是如聚碳酸酯、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料等高分子材料，或者是如玻璃纤维加环氧树脂的复合材料，本申请实施例对此也并不限定。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，箱体120可以包括第一箱部121和第二箱部122，第一箱部121与第二箱部122相互盖合，第一箱部121和第二箱部122共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的空间。第二箱部122可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一箱部121可以为板状结构，第一箱部121盖合于第二箱部122的开口侧，以使第一箱部121与第二箱部122共同限定出容纳电池单体的空 间；第一箱部121和第二箱部122也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱部121的开口侧盖合于第二箱部122的开口侧。
图3示出了本申请一实施例的电池模块110的结构示意图。图3中，电池模块110可以包括多个电池单体10，多个电池单体10可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块110，多个电池模块110再串联或并联或混联组成电池。本申请中，电池单体10可以包括锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体10可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体10一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以方体方形电池单体为例进行说明。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解结构示意图。电池单体10是指组成电池的最小单元。如图4，电池单体10包括端盖组件1、壳体3、电芯组件2以及转接部件4，其中，端盖组件1包括端盖11以及设于端盖上的电极端子12。
端盖11是指盖合于壳体3的开口处以将电池单体10的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。端盖11的形状可以与壳体3的形状相适应以配合壳体3。可选地，端盖11可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖11在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体10能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。
壳体3是用于配合端盖11以形成电池单体10的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件2、电解液(在图中未示出)以及其他部件。壳体3和端盖11可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体3上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖11盖合开口以形成电池单体10的内部环境。壳体3可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体3的形状可以根据电芯组件2的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体3的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实 施例对此不作特殊限制。
电芯组件2是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体3内可以包含一个或更多个电芯组件2。电芯组件2主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件2的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳(在图中未示出)。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。
电极端子12是设置在端盖11上且用于与电芯组件2电连接，并用于输出或输入电池单体的电能的部件。电极端子12通过转接部件(图中未示出)与电芯组件2的极耳电连接，在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
转接部件是导电部件，电极端子12通过转接部件进行电连接。示例性地，转接部件与电极端子12连接时，通常通过激光焊接的方式进行。转接部件的材料包括但不限于铜镀镍或镍带等，其中，由于铜镀镍或镍带具有点焊效果好、内阻更低、抗氧化和耐腐蚀等优点，采用由铜镀镍或镍带制成的转接部件可以使电池组的放电时间更长，放电效果更佳。
如图4至图10所示，本申请提出了一种用于电池单体10的端盖组件1，该端盖组件1包括端盖11和电极端子12，端盖11设有引出孔113，电极端子12安装于端盖11，并且部分电极端子12穿设于引出孔113，电极端子12的底面125伸出引出孔113，并用于与电池单体10的转接部件4焊接固定。
电极端子12的底面125是指，电极端子12远离端盖外侧的面。当端盖组件1在电池单体10的壳体3上安装完毕后，电极端子12位于电池单体10的内部并且面向电芯组件的侧面，同时，电极端子12的底面125也用于与转接部件4焊接固定。
引出孔113是指开设在端盖11上的孔状结构，通过该孔状结构能够使得端盖11的相反两侧能够实现连通。引出孔113的形状可以为圆形、矩形、三 角形、菱形或其它形状，另外，电极端子12位于在引出孔113内的本体的形状与引出孔113的形状相一致，以便于电极端子12在引出孔113内的插拔。
部分电极端子12穿设于引出孔113是指，电极端子12穿设于引出孔113，并且电极端子12的部分本体位于引出孔113的内部，电极端子12的部分本体位于引出孔113的外部。
焊接固定是指利用焊接的方式将转接部件4和电极端子12连接固定。
在现有技术中，转接部件4在对应引出孔113的位置设置有凸包，在转接部件4与电极端子12连接时，凸包进入到引出孔113内并与电极端子12相抵接，在将转接部件4与电极端子12进行焊接的过程中，会产生金属屑，由于仿形结构的尺寸较小，在对金属屑清理的过程中无法保证清理的效果，极易出现金属屑残留的情况，残留的金属屑进入到电池单体10的壳体3内部后，金属屑会刺破电芯组件的隔膜而导致电芯组件短路的情况。
本申请中，当端盖组件1用于电池单体10并与电池单体10的转接部件4进行连接时，由于电极端子12的底面125凸伸出引出孔113设置，电极端子12与转接部件4焊接固定时，可使用便于金属屑清理的转接部件4，减小了焊接后金属屑的残留，降低了因金属屑残留导致的安全风险。
需要理解的是，将电极端子12的底面125凸出引出孔113设置，无需将转接部件4延伸至引出孔113内，当电极端子12与转接部件4焊接固定后，在对焊接后的金属屑进行清理时，转接部件4不进入到引出孔113内，相比于现有具有仿形结构的转接部件4，清理的效果更佳，不会出现金属屑残留在仿形结构内部的情况，提高了对金属屑的清理效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图8所示，沿引出孔113的轴向，端盖11的下表面114具有与转接部件4相对设置的第一区域1141，转接部件4与第一区域1141间隔设置。
端盖11的下表面114是指端盖11的一个侧面，当端盖组件1在电池单体10的壳体3上安装完毕后，下表面114面向电池单体10的内部设置。
第一区域1141形成在端盖11的下表面114上，其可以为下表面114的一部分，也可以为下表面114的全部。
具体地，引出孔113形成在第一区域1141内，当电极端子12在端盖11上安装到位后，电极端子12的底面125凸出引出孔113设置，此时电极端子12的底面125也凸出第一区域1141设置，电极端子12与转接部件4连接后，通过将第一区域1141与转接部件4间隔设置，使得转接部件4与端盖11之间具有足够的空间，以容纳电极端子12的凸出部分。另外，将端盖转接部件4与第一区域1141间隔设置，可以避免转接部件4与端盖11干涉，提高转接部件4与电极端子12焊接的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图8所示，沿引出孔113的轴向，转接部件4与第一区域1141之间的距离为L，其中，0<L≤0.3mm。
具体地，当转接部件4与下表面114之间的距离大于0，且小于或等于0.3mm时，能够使得转接部件4与下表面114间隔设置，以降低焊接热量向端盖11进行传递，降低了焊接热量对端盖11产生的不良影响。
需要指出的是，在本申请中，转接部件4与下表面114之间的距离的取值可以为0.05mm、0.1mm、0.15mm、0.2mm、0.25mm……0.3mm中的任一数值。
另外，转接部件4与第一区域1141之间的距离为L，其中，L是指转接部件4与区域之间的最短距离，例如，当两者均为平面结构时，在引出孔的轴向上，两者之间间隔的距离即为L，再例如，当两者中的一个为斜面结构时，另一者为平面结构时，在引出孔113的轴向上，平面结构与斜面结构最近的位置的距离为L等等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，底面125的伸出高度为T，其中，T∈[0.05mm，1mm]。
底面125的伸出高度是指，电极端子12的底面125凸出在引出孔113的外侧，沿引出孔113的轴向，电极端子12的底面125与引出孔113的孔口之 间的距离。底面125的伸出高度为T，其中，T为底面125与引出孔113的孔口之间的最短距离，例如，当均为平面结构且底面125为平面时，在引出孔的轴向上，底面125与引出孔的孔口之间间隔的距离即为T，再例如，当两者中的一个为斜面结构时，另一者为平面结构时，在引出孔113的轴向上，平面结构与斜面结构最近的位置的距离为L等等。
具体地，将电极端12子的底面125相对引出孔113的伸出高度的取值设置在[0.05mm，1mm]的区间内，电极端子12与转接部件4焊接固定的过程中，便于金属屑清理的基础上，减少了焊接固定时产生的热量对端盖11产生不良影响的情况，还可以减少电极端子12占用的空间。
需要理解的是，当电极端子12的底面125伸出高度越大时，电极端子12的底面125与端盖11的引出孔113的孔口设置，此时对焊接热量的阻止效果越佳，但是占用电池单体10的内部的空间越大；当电极端子12的底面125的伸出高度越小时，电极端子12的底面125与引出孔113的孔口之间更加靠近设置，此时对焊接热量的阻止效果越差，但是占用电池单体10的内部的空间越小。因此，将电极端子12的底面125相对引出孔113的伸出高度的取值设置在[0.05mm，1mm]的区间内，在有效阻止焊接热量传递的基础上，有效减小了对电池单体10的内部空间的占用。
进一步地，当电极端子12的底面125的凸出高度小于0.05mm时，电极端子12与转接部件4焊接固定的过程中，焊接热量会传递至端盖11上，使得端盖11受热发生变形等不良情况；当电极端子12的底面125的凸出高度大于1mm时，电极端子12向电池单体10的内部延伸长度过大，从而占用了电池单体10的内部空间，不利于电池单体10的内部结构的布局。
需要指出的是，在本申请中，电极端子12的底面125的凸出高度的取值可以为0.05mm、0.10mm、0.15mm、0.20mm、0.25mm、0.30mm、0.35mm、0.40mm、0.45mm、0.50mm、0.55mm、0.60mm、0.65mm、0.70mm、0.75mm、0.80mm、0.85mm、0.90mm、0.95mm……1.00mm中的任一数值。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电极端子12的底面125的凸出高度T＝0.2mm或者T＝0.3mm。
在本实施例的一些实施例中，电极端子12的底面125的凸出高度为0.2mm。通过将电极端子12的底面125的凸出高度的取值设置为0.2mm，在保证电极端子12与转接部件4的焊接热量不被传递至端盖11上的基础上，有效地减小了电极端子12的凸出高度，减小了对电池单体10的内部空间产生的不良影响。
在本实施例的一些实施例中，电极端子12的底面125的凸出高度为0.3mm。通过将电极端子12的底面125的凸出高度设置为0.3mm，在保证电极端子12对电池单体10的内部空间影响较小的基础上，使得电极端子12的底面125更加端盖11设置，降低了电极端子12与转接部件4的焊接热量传递至端盖11上。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图7至图9所示，电极端子12包括端子板122和延伸部分121，端子板122位于端盖11的一侧且覆盖引出孔113，端盖组件1还包括密封圈13，至少部分密封圈13位于端子板122与端盖11之间，以密封引出孔113，延伸部分121伸入引出孔113中，沿引出孔113的径向，如图7所示，延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离为k，k∈[1.5mm，2.5mm]。
具体地，电极端子12具有相连的端子板122与延伸部分121，其中，延伸部分121穿设于端盖11的引出孔113，端子板122位于引出孔113的外侧且对引出孔113进行覆盖，电极端子12的底面125形成在延伸部分121上，并且延伸部分121具有底面125的一端伸出引出孔113设置，密封圈13套设在延伸部分121的径向外侧，并且部分密封圈13将端子板122与端盖11之间进行密封。
设置密封圈13实现了对引出孔113的密封，有效实现了电池单体10的内外隔离，同时，将延伸部分121与密封圈13之间间隔设置，减少了焊接热量向密封圈13的传递，减小了焊接热量对密封圈13产生的不良影响，保证 了密封圈13的密封效果。
另外，通过将延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离的取值设置在[1.5mm，2.5mm]的区间内，使得密封圈13与延伸部分121具有良好的间隔区间，避免电极端子12与转接部件4焊接固定的过程中将热量传递至密封圈13上。在此基础上，也使得结构更加紧凑，防止占用电池单体10的空间。
需要指出的是，延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离k小于1.5mm时，密封圈13与延伸部分121之间的间隙较小，在电极端子12与转接部件4焊接过程中，较小的间隙易于导致焊接热量传递至密封圈13，从而易于造成密封圈13的损坏，同时也不便于对密封圈13的安装；当延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的间隙大于2.5mm时，密封圈13与延伸部分121之间的间隙较大，较大的间隙会在密封圈13的径向上产生位移，易于导致安装精度降低。
需要指出的是，在本申请中，延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离的取值可以为1.5mm、1.6mm、1.7mm、1.8mm、1.9mm、2.0mm、2.1mm、2.2mm、2.3mm、2.4mm……2.5mm中的任一数值。
在本申请的一些实施例中，延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离为k＝1.6mm或2mm。
在本实施例的一些实施例中，延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离为1.6mm。通过将延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离的取值设置为1.6mm，保证了密封圈13和延伸部分121有效的安装，也实现了对焊接热量的阻热，同时能够使得结构更加小巧紧凑，减少在电池单体10上所占用的空间。
在本实施例的一些实施例中，延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离为2mm。通过将延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离的取值设置为2mm，适当增大预设间隙的取值，能够使得延伸部分121与密封圈13之间的距离得到了增大，进一步增强了对焊接热量的阻热效果，同时也便于装配过程中的定位操作。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图7至图9所示，密封圈13包括第一部分 131和第二部分132，第一部分131位于端子板122与端盖11之间,第二部分132伸入引出孔113中，沿引出孔113的径向，延伸部分121与第二部分132之间的距离为k，k∈[1.5mm，2.5mm]。
具体地，在引出孔113的径向上，端子板122的尺寸大于引出孔113的尺寸，延伸部分121的尺寸小于引出孔113的尺寸，密封圈13套设在延伸部分121的外侧，当电极端子12安装到位后，密封圈13的第一部分131被挤压设置在端子板122与端盖11之间，密封圈13的第二部分132设置在引出孔113内且与引出孔113的孔壁贴合(与延伸部分121间隔设置)。将密封圈13设置成第一部分131和第二部分132，可以提高密封圈13的定位效果，从而提高了密封圈13的密封效果。
需要理解的是，通过将延伸部分121与第二部分132之间的距离的取值设置在[1.5mm，2.5mm]的区间内，使得第二部分132与延伸部分121具有良好的间隔区间，避免电极端子12与转接部件4焊接固定的过程中将热量传递至密封圈13上。在此基础上，也能够有效提高安装的精度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图7所示，延伸部分121为圆柱结构，密封圈13为圆环件，圆柱结构的直径为d1，圆环件的内径为d2，其中，d1/d2∈[0.75，2.5]。
具体地，将延伸部分121设置成圆柱结构，以及将密封圈13设置成圆环件，便于安装过程中的密封圈13与延伸部分121的同轴装配，提高了密封圈13的装配精度。另外，将圆柱结构的直径和圆环件的内径的比值设置在[0.75，2.5]的区间内，使得延伸部分121具有足够大的截面，以便于与转接部件4连接后具有较大的过流面积，减少了连接位置发热影响电池单体10的性能的情况。
需要理解的是，延伸部分121设置成圆柱结构，密封圈13设置成圆环件，便于两者在制造过程中的加工，使得加工的效率得到了提高，另外，圆柱结构和圆环件在进行装配的过程中，需要使用套筒作为安装的辅助工具，密封 圈13套装在套筒的外侧，延伸部分121插接在套筒的内侧，利用套筒能够快速将密封圈13和延伸部分121的同轴设置，以此来实现对密封圈13以及电极端子12的定位安装，从而提高了安装的精度。
此外，当密封圈13以及延伸部分121的安装精度得到满足的基础上，焊接过程中的热量能够有效被阻隔，避免焊接热量自延伸部分121传递至密封圈13上，使得密封圈13被有效地保护。
需要指出的是，在本申请中，d1/d2的取值可以为0.75、1、1.25、1.5、1.75、2.0、2.25……2.5中的任一数值。
在本申请的一些实施例中，圆柱结构的直径d1∈[12mm，16mm]，圆环件的内径为d2∈[15.2mm，20mm]。
具体地，通过将圆柱结构的直径以及圆环件的内径设置为上述数值，进一步提高了密封圈13的安装精度，以及为圆柱结构的延伸部分121具有较大的截面积，使得与转接部件4之间的过流面积得到了进一步地提高。
需要指出的是，在本申请中，d1的取值可以为12mm、13mm、14mm、15mm……16mm中的任一数值。d1的取值可以为15.2mm、15.5mm、16mm、16.5mm……20mm中的任一数值。
在本申请的一些实施例中，圆柱结构的直径d1＝12mm，圆环件的内径d2＝15.2mm，其中，d1/d2＝0.79，或者圆柱结构的直径d1＝16mm，圆环件的内径d2＝20mm，其中，d1/d2＝0.8。
在本实施例的一些实施例中，圆柱结构的直径d1＝12mm，圆环件的内径d2＝15.2mm，其中，d1/d2＝0.79，使得为圆环件的密封圈13和为圆柱结构的延伸部分121之间能够满足套筒(辅助安装工具)的插入需求，从而保证了密封圈13的安装精度，以及为圆柱结构的延伸部分121具有较大的截面积，使得与转接部件4之间的过流面积得到了增大，减少了使用过程中发热量大导致脱焊等不良情况。
在本实施例的一些实施例中，设置圆柱结构的直径d1＝16mm，圆环件的 内径d2＝20mm，其中，d1/d2＝0.8，使得为圆环件的密封圈13和为圆柱结构的延伸部分121之间能够满足套筒的插入需求，从而保证了密封圈13的安装精度，以及为圆柱结构的延伸部分121具有更大的截面积，进一步增大了延伸部分121与转接部件4之间的过流面积，进一步减少了使用过程中发热量大导致脱焊等不良情况的发生。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图7至图10所示，电极端子12还包括绝缘件123和固定件124，绝缘件123设于端子板122的周向，固定件124通过绝缘件123与电极端子12隔开，固定件124分别与绝缘件123和端盖11相连，固定件124为导电件。
具体地，端子板122、绝缘件123、固定件124以及端盖11依次连接，以实现将电极端子12连接固定在端盖11上，同时，利用绝缘件123实现了电极端子12与端盖11的绝缘设置，提高了使用时的安全性。
需要指出的是，在本申请中，固定件124为焊接环，绝缘件123为塑胶，电极端子12、焊接环和塑料可实现进行组装后在装配制端盖11上，进行组装时，将焊接环压住电极端子12，在焊接环与电极端子12之间的间隙内通过注塑的方式将塑胶注入，从而实现了焊接环与电极端子12的连接固定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图9所示，底面125为平面。
具体地，电极端子12的底面125与电池单体10的转接部件4通过焊接的方式连接固定，为了减少焊接后的金属屑出现残留的情况，将电极端子12的底面125伸出引出孔113设置，从而能够使用为平面结构的转接部件4。当电极端子12与转接部件4进行焊接固定时，电极端子12的底面125抵靠在转接部件4的大面上，并通过焊接将两者连接固定。
将电极端子12的底面125设置成平面，增加了电极端子12与转接部件4连接时的接触面积，提高了电极端子12与转接部件4之间的连接强度，同时也增大了电极端子12与转接部件4之间的过流面积，减少了连接位置因发热而影响电池单体10的性能的情况发生。
可以理解的，在一些实施例中，底面125可以为斜面、曲面，底面125也设置凹槽。
在本实施例的一些实施例中，端盖11为一体式结构，其自身为绝缘件123，引出孔113开设在端盖11上。
在本实施例的一些实施例中，如图7至图10所示，端盖11为分体式结构，包括顶盖板111和绝缘板112，顶盖板111与绝缘板112之间通过粘接、紧固件连接、铆接或者焊接等方式进行连接固定，其中，端盖11安装在电池单体10的壳体3上时，顶盖板111背离壳体3的内部设置，绝缘板112面向壳体3的内部设置，在顶盖板111上开设第一孔部1131，在绝缘板112上开设第二孔部1132，顶盖板111与绝缘板112连接后，第一孔部1131与第二孔部1132重叠设置以构成引出孔113。
在一些实施例中，第一孔部1131与第二孔部1132可以同轴设置。将第一孔部1131与第二孔部1132同轴设置，使得引出孔113的结构更加便于电极端子12的装配。
进一步地，第一孔部1131的孔口具有向绝缘板112一侧凸起的第一翻边，第二孔部1132的孔口具有向顶盖板111一侧凸起的第二翻边，在引出孔113的径向上，第一翻边的尺寸大于第二翻边的尺寸，当顶盖板111与绝缘板112连接固定后，第一翻边抵靠在第二翻边的径向外侧，密封圈13的第二部分132靠近壳体3内部的一端抵靠在绝缘板112上且位于第一翻边和第二翻边之间，利用第二部分132实现了对顶盖板111与绝缘板112之间的有效密封。
本申请的第二方面提出了一种电池单体10，包括：如上的端盖组件1和转接部件4，转接部件4覆盖电极端子12的底面125且与底面125焊接固定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图4、图6、、图7和图8所示，转接部件4为平板结构，可以便于金属屑的清理且便于制造。
在本申请的一些实施例中，转接部件4朝向电极端子12的一侧设有凹槽，部分电极端子12容纳于凹槽，转接部件4背离电极端子的一侧为平面或对应 凹槽的位置设置有凸起。一方面，便于金属屑的清理。另一方面，可以提高电池单体10内部结构的紧凑性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图4所示，电池单体10还包括电芯组件2，电芯组件2包括主体部22和极耳21，转接部件4连接极耳21和电极端子12。如图8所示，转接部件4与电极端子12焊接的部分的厚度为M。沿引出孔113的轴向，端盖11的下表面114具有与转接部件4相对设置的第一区域1141，第一区域1141到电芯组件2的距离为D，底面125的伸出高度为T，T<(D-M)。通过上述设置，可以避免转接部件与主体部干涉。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图9所示，电极端子12的底面125的伸出高度为T，其中，T∈[0.05mm，1mm]。将电极端子12的底面125相对引出孔113的伸出高度的取值设置在[0.05mm，1mm]的区间内，电极端子12与转接部件4焊接固定的过程中，便于金属屑清理的基础上，减少了焊接固定时产生的热量对端盖产生不良影响的情况，还可以减少电极端子12占用的空间。
本申请的第三方面提出了一种电池，包括：如上的电池单体10。
本申请的第四方面提出了一种用电装置，用电装置包括如上的电池单体10
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
在本申请的实施方式中，如图4至图10所示，本申请提出了一种端盖组件1，该端盖组件1包括端盖11、密封圈13和电极端子12，其中，端盖11包括顶盖板111和绝缘板112，顶盖板111和绝缘板112形成的端盖11上设有引出孔113，电极端子12包括端子板122、延伸部分121、绝缘件123(例如塑胶)以及固定件124(例如焊接环)，密封圈13包括第一部分131和第二部分132，固定件124套设在端子板122的径向外侧，绝缘件123填充端子板122与固定件124之间。电极端子12与端盖11装配时，将密封圈13与顶盖 板111配合，使得密封圈13的第一部分131抵靠在顶盖板111上，第二部分132插入到引出孔113内并且与引出孔113的内壁相贴合，将电极端子12的延伸部分121插入到密封圈13内，使得端子板122抵靠在密封圈13的第一部分131上，延伸部分121与密封圈13的第二部分132间隔距离为k，k∈[1.5mm，2.5mm]，再将固定件124与顶盖板111连接固定，最后将绝缘件123与顶盖板111连接固定即可，装配安装的电极端子12的底面125伸出引出孔113设置，并且伸出的高度为T，其中，T∈[0.05mm，1mm]，另外，延伸部分121为圆柱结构，密封圈13的第二部分132为圆环件，圆柱结构的直径为d1，圆环件的内径为d2，其中，d1/d2∈[0.75，2.5]。
本申请中，当端盖组件1用于电池单体10并与电池单体10的转接部件4进行连接时，由于电极端子12的底面125凸伸出引出孔113设置，电极端子12与转接部件4焊接固定时，可使用便于金属屑清理的转接部件4，减小了焊接后金属屑的残留，降低了因金属屑残留导致的安全风险。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，其特征在于，所述端盖组件包括：
    端盖，所述端盖设有引出孔；
    电极端子，所述电极端子安装于所述端盖，并且部分所述电极端子穿设于所述引出孔，所述电极端子的底面伸出所述引出孔，并用于与所述电池单体的转接部件焊接固定。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，沿所述引出孔的轴向，所述端盖的下表面具有与所述转接部件相对设置的第一区域，所述转接部件与所述第一区域间隔设置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，沿所述引出孔的轴向，所述转接部件与所述第一区域之间的距离为L，其中，0<L≤0.3mm。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述底面的伸出高度为T，T∈[0.05mm，1mm]。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述电极端子包括端子板和延伸部分，所述端子板位于端盖的一侧且覆盖所述引出孔，所述端盖组件还包括密封圈，至少部分所述密封圈位于所述端子板与所述端盖之间，以密封所述引出孔，所述延伸部分伸入所述引出孔中，沿所述引出孔的径向，所述延伸部分与所述密封圈之间的距离为k，k∈[1.5mm，2.5mm]。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述密封圈包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分位于所述端子板与所述端盖之间,所述第二部分伸入所述引出孔中，沿所述引出孔的径向，所述延伸部分与所述第二部分之间的距离为k，k∈[1.5mm，2.5mm]。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述延伸部分为圆柱结构，所述密封圈为圆环件，所述圆柱结构的直径为d1，所述圆环件的内径为d2，其中，d1/d2∈[0.75，2.5]。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述圆柱结构的直径d1∈[12mm，16mm]，所述圆环件的内径为d2∈[15.2mm，20mm]。
  9. 如权利要求5-8任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述电极端子还包括：
    绝缘件，所述绝缘件设于所述端子板的周向；
    固定件，所述固定件通过所述绝缘件与所述电极端子隔开，所述固定件分别与绝缘件和所述端盖相连，所述固定件为导电件。
  10. 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述底面为平面。
  11. 如权利要求1-10任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述端盖包括：
    顶盖板，和
    绝缘板，所述绝缘板安装在所述顶盖板的底部，所述引出孔贯穿所述顶盖板和绝缘板，所述电极端子的底面超出绝缘板与转接部件对应的表面。
  12. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的端盖组件；
    转接部件，所述转接部件覆盖所述电极端子的底面且与所述底面焊接固 定。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述转接部件为平板结构；或
    所述转接部件朝向所述电极端子的一侧设有凹槽，部分所述电极端子容纳于所述凹槽，所述转接部件背离所述电极端子的一侧为平面或对应凹槽的位置设置有凸起。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体还包括电芯组件，所述电芯组件包括主体部和极耳，所述转接部件连接所述极耳和所述电极端子，所述转接部件与所述电极端子焊接的部分的厚度为M；
    沿所述引出孔的轴向，所述端盖的下表面具有与所述转接部件相对设置的第一区域，所述第一区域到电芯组件的距离为D，所述底面的伸出高度为T，T<(D-M)。
  15. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求12-14任一项所述的电池单体。
  16. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，所述用电装置包括如权利要求12-14任一项所述的电池单体。
PCT/CN2022/143266 2022-08-26 2022-12-29 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2024040837A1 (zh)

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