WO2024036355A2 - Dispositif de mesure de concentration et son utilisation dans un système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure de concentration et son utilisation dans un système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024036355A2
WO2024036355A2 PCT/AT2023/060281 AT2023060281W WO2024036355A2 WO 2024036355 A2 WO2024036355 A2 WO 2024036355A2 AT 2023060281 W AT2023060281 W AT 2023060281W WO 2024036355 A2 WO2024036355 A2 WO 2024036355A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow channel
fluid
concentration
measuring
fluid mixture
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Application number
PCT/AT2023/060281
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2024036355A3 (fr
Inventor
Franck LE RHUN
Bernd Krause
Tanner BRUHN
Original Assignee
Avl List Gmbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Avl List Gmbh filed Critical Avl List Gmbh
Publication of WO2024036355A2 publication Critical patent/WO2024036355A2/fr
Publication of WO2024036355A3 publication Critical patent/WO2024036355A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/4065—Circuit arrangements specially adapted therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
    • G01N27/4073—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte
    • G01N27/4074—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte for detection of gases other than oxygen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H01M8/04194—Concentration measuring cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04447—Concentration; Density of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04462—Concentration; Density of anode exhausts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a concentration measuring device for comparatively measuring concentrations of specific fluids in fluid mixtures compared to reference fluids, for example for measuring hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen concentrations in fluid mixtures in fuel cell systems.
  • concentration measurements of hydrogen content are carried out in gas streams or moisture-containing fluid streams from fuel cells. Since, when recirculating hydrogen-containing fuel that is supplied to an anode side of a fuel cell, not all of the hydrogen is usually chemically converted after passing through the fuel cell, a residual concentration must be determined in order to supply new fuel gas up to a desired hydrogen concentration to restore.
  • the concentration measuring device has: a reference flow channel which carries a reference fluid; a first measurement Flow channel that carries a first fluid mixture; a first sensor unit for detecting a concentration of a specific fluid in the first fluid mixture, which is arranged between the reference flow channel and the first measurement flow channel and is in contact with the reference fluid and the first fluid mixture; and a first measuring unit for measuring an output value output by the first sensor unit according to the detected concentration.
  • the concentration measuring device in particular has at least one second measuring flow channel, which carries a second fluid mixture; at least one second sensor unit for detecting a concentration of the same specific fluid in the second fluid mixture, which is arranged between the reference flow channel and the second measurement flow channel and is in contact with the reference fluid and the second fluid mixture; and at least one second measuring unit for measuring an output value that is output by the second sensor unit in accordance with the detected concentration.
  • the invention thus provides for the first time an integration of two or more measuring flow channels compared to one and the same reference flow channel.
  • concentration measuring device By means of the concentration measuring device according to the invention, a concentration measurement of the same specific fluid can be carried out simultaneously on several fluid mixtures, while only one interface in the form of the reference flow channel is provided in a compact device.
  • the concentration measuring device according to the invention can also be used to carry out several local concentration measurements at different locations in a system in the same fluid mixture at the same time, while only one interface in the form of the reference flow channel is provided in a compact device.
  • the concentration measuring device reduces the design effort on the part of a structure of reference flow channels for multiple comparison measurements in a corresponding setup of the measuring technology.
  • the first and second sensor units can comprise an electrochemical concentration cell for detecting a partial pressure of the specific fluid in one of the fluid mixtures, having a gas-tight, proton-permeable membrane and an electrode section on both sides of the membrane, wherein an electrode section is arranged exposed to one of the fluid mixtures, and the other electrode section is arranged exposed to the associated reference fluid.
  • an electrochemical concentration cell for detecting a partial pressure of the specific fluid in one of the fluid mixtures, having a gas-tight, proton-permeable membrane and an electrode section on both sides of the membrane, wherein an electrode section is arranged exposed to one of the fluid mixtures, and the other electrode section is arranged exposed to the associated reference fluid.
  • the first and second measuring units can measure an electrical voltage that arises between the electrode sections under the partial pressure between a lower concentration of the specific fluid in one of the fluid mixtures and a higher concentration of the same specific fluid in the associated reference fluid. This enables established signal conversion and processing in the concentration measuring device.
  • the concentration measuring device can have a third measuring flow channel which carries a third fluid mixture; a fourth measurement flow channel carrying a fourth fluid mixture; a third sensor unit for detecting a concentration of the same specific fluid in the third fluid mixture; a fourth sensor unit for detecting a concentration of the same specific fluid in the fourth fluid mixture; a third measuring unit for measuring an output value output from the third sensor unit corresponding to the detected concentration; and a fourth measuring unit for measuring an output value output by the fourth sensor unit according to the detected concentration.
  • the first measuring flow channel and the second measuring flow channel can be designed as sections of a common circulation channel, wherein the first fluid mixture and the second fluid mixture are parts of a circulating, common fluid mixture, each of which has a circulation path within the first measuring flow channel and the second measuring flow channel can be locally assigned along the circulation channel.
  • the first fluid mixture and the second fluid mixture are parts of a circulating, common fluid mixture, each of which has a circulation path within the first measuring flow channel and the second measuring flow channel can be locally assigned along the circulation channel.
  • a fuel cell system may include the concentration measuring device.
  • the first measuring flow channel and the second measuring flow channel are designed as sections of an anode circuit of the fuel cell system, and the first fluid mixture and the second fluid mixture are parts of a circulating, common fluid mixture of an anode exhaust gas and a feedable fuel gas, each of which is one Circulation path within the first measurement flow channel upstream of an anode section of the fuel cell system and a circulation path within the second measurement flow channel downstream of the anode section of the fuel cell system in the anode circuit can be locally assigned.
  • the concentrations in different sections of the anode circuit can be measured in a compact device by means of the advantageous, compact metrological setup with only one interface to the reference fluid.
  • the concentration measuring device on a fuel cell system can be used for comparative measurement of local concentrations of hydrogen as the specific fluid in an anode circuit of the fuel cell system, in which an anode exhaust gas and a feedable fuel gas circulate as a common fluid mixture.
  • a local concentration of hydrogen in the first fluid mixture within the first measuring flow channel which is designed as a section of the anode circuit upstream of an anode section of the fuel cell system, is measured relative to the fuel gas as the reference fluid in the reference flow channel; and a local concentration of hydrogen in the second fluid mixture within the second measurement flow channel, which is formed as a portion of the anode circuit downstream of the anode portion of the fuel cell system, is measured relative to the fuel gas as the reference fluid in the reference flow channel.
  • the concentration measuring device on a fuel cell system can be used for comparative measurement of local concentrations of hydrogen as the specific fluid, in particular after a flushing process in an anode circuit of the fuel cell system, in which an anode exhaust gas and a feedable fuel gas circulate as a common fluid mixture.
  • a local concentration of hydrogen in the first fluid mixture within the first measurement flow channel which is designed as a section of the anode circuit, is measured relative to a fuel gas as the reference fluid in the reference flow channel; and a local concentration of hydrogen is measured in the second fluid mixture within the second measurement flow channel, which is formed as another portion of the anode circuit, versus the fuel gas as the reference fluid in the reference flow channel.
  • the concentration measuring device on a fuel cell system can be used for comparative measurement of local concentrations of nitrogen as the specific fluid, in particular after a nitrogen purging process in an anode circuit of the fuel cell system, in which an anode exhaust gas and a feedable fuel gas circulate as a common fluid mixture become.
  • a local concentration of nitrogen in the first fluid mixture within the first measurement flow channel which is designed as a section of the anode circuit, is measured against a nitrogen gas as the reference fluid in the reference flow channel; and a local concentration of nitrogen in the second fluid mixture is measured within the second measuring flow channel, which is formed as another section of the anode circuit, against the nitrogen gas as the reference fluid in the reference flow channel.
  • the concentration measuring device for comparatively measuring the concentrations of specific fluids in fluid mixtures compared to reference fluids has: a measuring flow channel, which is a Fluid mixture leads; a first reference flow channel carrying a first reference fluid; a first sensor unit for detecting a concentration of a first specific fluid in the fluid mixture, which is arranged between the measurement flow channel and the first reference flow channel and is in contact with the fluid mixture and the first reference fluid; and a first measuring unit for measuring an output value output by the first sensor unit according to the detected concentration.
  • the concentration measuring device in particular has at least one second reference flow channel, which carries a second reference fluid; at least one second sensor unit for detecting a concentration of a second specific fluid in the same fluid mixture, which is arranged between the measurement flow channel and the second reference flow channel and is in contact with the fluid mixture and the second reference fluid; and at least one second measuring unit for measuring an output value that is output by the second sensor unit in accordance with the detected concentration.
  • the invention therefore alternatively provides for the first time an integration of two or more reference flow channels compared to one and the same measurement flow channel.
  • the concentration measuring device allows multiple concentration measurements of different specific fluids to be carried out simultaneously on a fluid mixture, while only one interface is provided in the form of the measuring flow channel.
  • the concentration measuring device reduces the design effort on the part of a structure of measuring flow channels for multiple comparison measurements in a corresponding setup of the measuring technology.
  • a high spatial resolution of the comparative measurement on the fluid mixture can be achieved since the concentration measurements for different specific fluids are based on a materially and spatially identical reference due to the compact integration of fluid interfaces within the same locally limited volume of the fluid mixture.
  • the first and second sensor units can form an electrochemical concentration cell Detecting a partial pressure of one of the specific fluids in the fluid mixtures, comprising a gas-tight, proton-permeable membrane and an electrode section on both sides of the membrane, one electrode section being arranged exposed to the fluid mixture, and the other electrode section being exposed to one of the associated reference fluids is arranged.
  • the preferred sensor type is used in the concentration measuring device.
  • the first and second measuring units can measure an electrical voltage that arises under the partial pressure between a lower concentration of one of the specific fluids in the fluid mixture and a higher concentration of the same specific fluids in the associated reference fluids between the electrode sections. This in turn enables the established signal conversion and processing in the concentration measuring device.
  • the first reference flow channel and the second reference flow channel may be formed within or in communication with a circulation channel in which the fluid mixture circulates, the measurement flow channel being formed as a portion of the circulation channel, within in which the first and/or the second sensor unit are arranged in the circulation channel. In this way, specific local areas of a system with circuits can be measured and monitored.
  • a fuel cell system may include the concentration measuring device.
  • the first reference flow channel and the second reference flow channel are formed within or in communication with an anode circuit of the fuel cell system, in which the fluid mixture of a circulating anode exhaust gas and a feedable fuel gas circulates, the measuring flow channel being a section of the anode circuit of the fuel cell system is formed, within which the first and / or the second sensor unit are arranged in the anode circuit.
  • concentrations of various specific fluids can be measured in the same section of the anode circuit using the advantageous, compact metrological setup with only one interface to the fluid mixture.
  • the concentration measuring device on a fuel cell system can be used for comparative measurement of the concentrations of hydrogen and nitrogen as the specific fluids, in particular after a flushing process in an anode circuit of the fuel cell system, in which an anode exhaust gas and a feedable fuel gas circulate as a common fluid mixture. be used.
  • a concentration of hydrogen in the fluid mixture within the measuring flow channel which is formed as a section of the anode circuit, is compared to the fuel gas as the first reference fluid in the first reference flow channel, which is formed within or in communication with the measuring flow channel , measured; and a concentration of nitrogen in the fluid mixture is measured within the measurement flow channel against a nitrogen gas as the second reference fluid in the second reference flow channel formed within or in communication with the measurement flow channel.
  • the concentration measuring device can be used on a fuel cell system for comparative measurement of the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen as the specific fluids, in particular after a standstill of an anode circuit of the fuel cell system, in which an anode exhaust gas and a feedable fuel gas circulate as a common fluid mixture become.
  • a concentration of hydrogen in the fluid mixture within the measuring flow channel which is formed as a section of the anode circuit, is compared to the fuel gas as the first reference fluid in the first reference flow channel, which is formed within or in communication with the measuring flow channel , measured; and a concentration of oxygen in the fluid mixture is measured within the measurement flow channel versus an oxygen gas as the second reference fluid in the second reference flow channel formed within or in communication with the measurement flow channel.
  • the oxygen gas may be provided by oxygen-containing air or a concentrated oxygen gas.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the concentration measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention, on which two fluid mixture measurements are implemented compared to a reference fluid;
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the concentration measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention, on which four fluid mixture measurements are implemented compared to a reference fluid;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the concentration measuring device according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, on which concentration measurements of two different specific fluids are realized based on a respective reference fluid compared to a fluid mixture.
  • FIG. 1 shows a concentration measuring device 100 with a centrally arranged reference flow channel 10, in which a reference fluid R is enclosed or provided flowing.
  • a first measuring flow channel 21 and a second measuring flow channel 22 Directly adjacent to the reference flow channel 10 are a first measuring flow channel 21 and a second measuring flow channel 22, through which a first fluid mixture M1 and a second fluid mixture M2 flows, respectively.
  • Openings for a first sensor unit 31 and a second sensor unit 32 are provided between the reference flow channel 10 and the two measuring flow channels 21, 22, so that they come into contact with both the reference fluid R and the associated fluid mixture M1, M2 .
  • Each of the two sensor units 31, 32 has a membrane 50, which is impermeable to molecules of the relevant fluids, but permeable to protons or is permeable, so that they can effectively diffuse through the membrane 50 as charge carriers.
  • An electrode 60 is arranged on both opposite sides of each membrane 50, which is in contact with the membrane 50 on the one hand and with an associated reference fluid R or fluid mixture M1, M2 on the other hand. If the concentration of a specific fluid, such as hydrogen, in the reference fluid R differs from a fluid mixture M1, M2, a partial pressure arises at the membrane 50 under which protons are released from the fluid with the higher concentration, in particular the reference fluid R. diffuse through the membrane 50 to the other fluid with the lower concentration, in particular the fluid mixture M1, M2.
  • An electrical voltage is formed between the two sides of the membrane 50, which can be tapped via the two electrodes 60.
  • a voltage between the electrodes 60 correlates with a concentration difference between the fluids in question or with a concentration of the specific fluid in the fluid mixture relative to the reference fluid with a known concentration.
  • a first measuring unit 41 and a second measuring unit 42 are designed as voltmeters, which measure the voltage occurring between the two electrodes 60 on both sides of the membrane 50 on the first sensor unit 31 and the second sensor unit 32, respectively.
  • the measurement data that arise from the measuring units 41, 42 are fed to data processing for the purposes of monitoring, controlling and regulating a system environment of the fluids.
  • the concentration measuring device 100 is used in a fuel cell system (not shown) to detect a concentration of hydrogen in a circulating fluid mixture M1, M2 of an anode circuit at different sections of the fuel cell system.
  • the fluid mixture M1, M2 in the anode circuit of the fuel cell system consists, among other things, of an anode exhaust gas that emerges from an anode section of fuel cells and which, in addition to an unused portion of hydrogen, also includes moisture, which is why this is more accurately referred to as a fluid in the present disclosure.
  • the fluid mixture M1, M2 includes an amount of fuel gas to be metered, which is supplied from a tank into the anode circuit.
  • the supplied fuel gas has a high concentration of or im Essentially pure hydrogen.
  • the fuel gas is also used as the reference fluid R, which is introduced into the reference flow channel 10.
  • the first measurement flow channel 21 communicates with a portion of the anode circuit, or is formed as a portion thereof, which is located upstream of an anode portion of fuel cells.
  • the second measurement flow channel 22 communicates with, or is formed as, another portion of the anode circuit that is located downstream of the anode portion of the fuel cells. Accordingly, the fluid mixture M1 and the fluid mixture M2 are local volume fractions of a common, circulating fluid mixture in different system sections in which different hydrogen concentrations are to be expected.
  • different fluid mixtures M1, M2 from different, in particular separate, sources or circuits can be supplied to the first measuring flow channel 21 and the second measuring flow channel 22 in order to carry out a comparative concentration measurement to the reference flow channel 10.
  • Figure 2 shows a variant of the concentration measuring device 100 with a similar structure to that from Figure 1, but with a higher number of concentration measurements on fluid mixtures that can be realized at the same time with respect to the same reference fluid R.
  • four measuring flow channels 21, 22, 23, 24 are arranged around a reference flow channel 10.
  • a sensor unit 31, 32, 33, 34 is arranged in contact with the respective fluid mixture M1, M2, M3, M4 and the reference fluid R.
  • a higher number of local concentration measurements in an anode circuit than at two positions before and after an anode section provides improved information for optimizing control and regulation processes efficient operation of the fuel cell system, in particular metering when supplying new fuel gas to the anode circuit.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention in the form of a concentration measuring device 200.
  • the concentration measuring device 200 comprises a measuring flow channel 20, which encloses therein a first reference flow channel 11 and a second reference flow channel 12.
  • Different reference fluids R1, R2 for measuring the concentration of different specific fluids in the one fluid mixture M are provided in the two reference flow channels 11, 12.
  • the sensor unit 31 of the concentration measuring device 200 comparatively detects a concentration difference of a specific fluid such as hydrogen between the reference fluid R1, which is provided, for example, as the fuel gas, and the fluid mixture M, which is the circulating fluid mixture in a specific section of the anode circuit.
  • the sensor unit 32 of the concentration measuring device 200 comparatively measures a concentration difference of a specific fluid such as oxygen or nitrogen between the reference fluid R2, which is provided, for example, as atmospheric oxygen or nitrogen gas, which is also stored for the flushing function, and the circulating fluid mixture M in the anode circuit.
  • the reference fluid R2 can also be provided as pure oxygen gas, in particular under laboratory conditions or in a test stand operation, the comparative concentration measurement being more precise the higher the concentration of the specific fluid or oxygen in the reference fluid R2.
  • both the concentration of hydrogen and the concentration of nitrogen can be determined in the same section of the anode circuit using only one measuring device. Based on the concentration information, control of operation during and after the purge process can be optimized, preventing excessive nitrogen concentration at the anode and ensuring restoration of operating hydrogen concentrations.
  • the functionality of the concentration measuring device 200 with regard to nitrogen depends on the temperature, so that Such a determination of a nitrogen concentration is preferably suitable for a SOFC type fuel cell with high operating temperatures in the anode circuit.
  • the concentration measuring device 100 or the concentration measuring device 200 can also be used by indirect measurement methodology or according to an exclusion criterion, whereby all components in the anode circuit that are not water, hydrogen or oxygen are recorded as the remaining nitrogen component.
  • both the concentration of hydrogen and the concentration of oxygen can be determined with the concentration measuring device 200 after a longer standstill of the fuel cell system. Based on the information on the concentrations, a control algorithm can be used to assess whether external oxygen introduction at the anode creates conditions that would lead to a harmful so-called air/air starting operation of the fuel cells, in which both the cathode and the Anode oxygen is present.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure de concentration (100, 200) utilisé pour la mesure comparative de concentrations de fluides spécifiques dans des mélanges de fluides vis-à-vis de fluides de référence, comprenant : au moins deux canaux d'écoulement de référence (10, 11, 12) différents conduisant des fluides de référence (R, R1, R2) différents ou au moins deux canaux d'écoulement de mesure (20, 21, 22) différents conduisant un ou plusieurs mélanges de fluides (M, M1, M2) ; et des unités de capteur (31, 32) destinées à détecter une concentration d'un ou plusieurs fluides spécifiques dans le mélange de fluides (M, M1, M2), qui se trouvent entre un canal d'écoulement de référence (10, 11, 12) et un canal d'écoulement de mesure (20, 21, 22) et qui sont respectivement en contact avec un fluide de référence (R, R1, R2) et un mélange de fluides (M, M1, M2) ; ainsi que des unités de mesure (41, 42) pour mesurer une valeur de sortie fournie par les unités de détection (31, 32) en fonction de la concentration détectée.
PCT/AT2023/060281 2022-08-19 2023-08-18 Dispositif de mesure de concentration et son utilisation dans un système de pile à combustible WO2024036355A2 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50641/2022A AT526461B1 (de) 2022-08-19 2022-08-19 Konzentrationsmessvorrichtung und Verwendung derselben in einem Brennstoffzellensystem
ATA50641/2022 2022-08-19

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WO2024036355A2 true WO2024036355A2 (fr) 2024-02-22
WO2024036355A3 WO2024036355A3 (fr) 2024-04-11

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT523373B1 (de) 2019-12-18 2021-10-15 Avl List Gmbh Sensorvorrichtung für ein Brennstoffzellensystem

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