WO2024029258A1 - 半導体モジュールおよび半導体モジュールの製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体モジュールおよび半導体モジュールの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024029258A1 WO2024029258A1 PCT/JP2023/024844 JP2023024844W WO2024029258A1 WO 2024029258 A1 WO2024029258 A1 WO 2024029258A1 JP 2023024844 W JP2023024844 W JP 2023024844W WO 2024029258 A1 WO2024029258 A1 WO 2024029258A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- solder
- semiconductor module
- power semiconductor
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W70/00—Package substrates; Interposers; Redistribution layers [RDL]
- H10W70/60—Insulating or insulated package substrates; Interposers; Redistribution layers
- H10W70/67—Insulating or insulated package substrates; Interposers; Redistribution layers characterised by their insulating layers or insulating parts
- H10W70/68—Shapes or dispositions thereof
- H10W70/685—Shapes or dispositions thereof comprising multiple insulating layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400°C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/071—Connecting or disconnecting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/30—Die-attach connectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W74/00—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
- H10W74/10—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition
- H10W74/131—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition the semiconductor body being only partially enclosed
- H10W74/137—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition the semiconductor body being only partially enclosed the encapsulations being directly on the semiconductor body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
- H10W40/20—Arrangements for cooling
- H10W40/22—Arrangements for cooling characterised by their shape, e.g. having conical or cylindrical projections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
- H10W40/20—Arrangements for cooling
- H10W40/22—Arrangements for cooling characterised by their shape, e.g. having conical or cylindrical projections
- H10W40/226—Arrangements for cooling characterised by their shape, e.g. having conical or cylindrical projections characterised by projecting parts, e.g. fins to increase surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10W72/013—Manufacture or treatment of die-attach connectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/071—Connecting or disconnecting
- H10W72/073—Connecting or disconnecting of die-attach connectors
- H10W72/07311—Treating the bonding area before connecting, e.g. by applying flux or cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/30—Die-attach connectors
- H10W72/351—Materials of die-attach connectors
- H10W72/352—Materials of die-attach connectors comprising metals or metalloids, e.g. solders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
- H10W90/701—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
- H10W90/731—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors
- H10W90/734—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors between a chip and a stacked insulating package substrate, interposer or RDL
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor module and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor module.
- a power semiconductor module is a laminated module that includes one or more power semiconductor chips (also referred to as semiconductor elements) and forms part or all of a conversion connection, and has a power semiconductor chip and a conductive plate for wiring.
- This is a power semiconductor device that has a structure in which electrical insulation is provided between the substrate and between the power semiconductor chip and a metal substrate that is a heat sink.
- Power semiconductor modules are used in industrial applications such as motor drive control inverters for elevators and other devices. Furthermore, in recent years, it has come to be widely used in vehicle motor drive control inverters. In-vehicle inverters must be smaller and lighter to improve fuel efficiency, and because they are placed near the drive motor in the engine compartment, they must have long-term reliability at high temperatures.
- in-vehicle power semiconductor modules are required to be smaller and lighter than industrial power semiconductor modules due to installation space constraints. Furthermore, as the output power density for driving the motor increases, the temperature of the semiconductor chip increases during operation, and high thermal stress is generated, which increases the demand for long-term reliability during high-temperature operation. For this reason, a power semiconductor module structure that has high temperature operation and long-term reliability is required.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a power semiconductor module with a conventional structure.
- the power semiconductor module 150 includes a power semiconductor chip 101, a laminated substrate 105, and a cooler 126.
- the power semiconductor chip 101 is a power semiconductor chip such as a MOSFET, an IGBT, or a diode, and is bonded onto the laminated substrate 105 with a chip bonding layer 127 using solder.
- a structure in which an insulating substrate 102 such as a ceramic substrate is provided with a first conductive plate 103 made of copper or the like on the front surface and a second conductive plate 104 made of copper or the like on the back surface is referred to as a laminated substrate 105.
- the cooler 126 is bonded to the laminated substrate 105 with a cooler bonding layer 128 made of solder.
- the power semiconductor module 150 includes metal terminals (not shown) that are joined to a case (not shown) and take out signals to the outside, and metal wires that electrically connect the power semiconductor chip 101 and the metal terminals. (not shown). Further, on the surface of the power semiconductor chip 101, in the case of a MOSFET, a source electrode pad is formed as a power terminal electrode pad (current supply terminal). Then, a conductive connecting member such as a lead frame or a metal wire is disposed as a lead-out terminal from the power terminal electrode pad. In the case of a lead frame, it is bonded to the power semiconductor chip 101 with a bonding layer such as solder. A plurality of these members may be mounted on one semiconductor device.
- a case is adhered to the power semiconductor module 150, and a lid (not shown) through which metal terminals penetrate and protrude outside is attached.
- the case is filled with a sealing material (sealing resin, not shown) that insulates and protects the laminated substrate 105 and the power semiconductor chip 101 on the substrate.
- solder alloy layer suppresses peeling between the back metal and the solder alloy when forming a solder joint, and also suppresses damage to electronic components due to non-wetting of the solder alloy, scattering of molten solder, and chip cracking. Solder joints are known (see Patent Document 1 below).
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of region S in FIG. 5 of a power semiconductor module with a conventional structure.
- FIG. 6 shows the structure between the power semiconductor chip 101 and the chip bonding layer 127.
- a metal electrode 129 of AlSi (aluminum silicon alloy) is provided on the back surface of the power semiconductor chip 101 when the semiconductor is silicon (Si), and a metal electrode 129 of Ni (nickel) is provided when the semiconductor is silicon carbide (SiC).
- a Ti (titanium) layer 130, a Ni layer 131, and an Au (gold) layer 132 are laminated in this order between the metal electrode 129 and the chip bonding layer 127.
- the Ti layer 130 is a barrier layer that prevents a reaction between the chip bonding layer 127 and the upper metal electrode 129, and is provided with a thickness of, for example, about 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.8 ⁇ m. Further, the Ni layer 131 is provided with a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m to 1.2 ⁇ m in order to ensure the wettability of the chip bonding layer 127.
- the Au layer 132 is provided with a thickness of about 20 nm to 100 nm to prevent oxidation.
- the chip bonding layer 127 is a solder containing Sn (tin).
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional power semiconductor module showing a solder bonding layer between a power semiconductor chip and a first conductive plate in a normal state.
- the diffusion of (134) is suppressed, and a residual Ni film 134 of 0.1 ⁇ m or more remains.
- the Au layer 132 has a thickness of 20 nm or less and almost disappears at the time of bonding.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a solder bonding layer between a power semiconductor chip and a first conductive plate of a conventional power semiconductor module at the time of failure.
- the diffusion of Cu from the first conductive plate 103 indicated by the arrow in FIG. Ni quickly diffuses into the chip bonding layer 127 (Sn solder) from the layer 131 (134), a SnNi alloy is generated, and the remaining Ni film 134 partially disappears.
- the Ti layer 130 which has low bondability (solder wettability) with the solder, comes into contact with the solder, creating a void (void) 135, which reduces the reliability of the power semiconductor module.
- This phenomenon is particularly noticeable in the case of the first conductive plate 103 having a Ni alloy layer (plated layer) formed on its surface, because Cu is difficult to be supplied into the chip bonding layer 127.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor module and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor module that can prevent voids from occurring in a solder bonding layer, in order to solve the problems with the prior art described above.
- the semiconductor module includes a laminated substrate on which a semiconductor element with a Ni layer formed on the back surface is mounted.
- the back surface of the semiconductor element contains more than 6% by mass of Sb and less than or equal to 8.5% by mass, contains more than 2% by mass and less than 4.5% by mass of Ag, and contains more than 1.25% by mass and less than 2.0% by mass of Cu. % or less, and the remainder is Sn and unavoidable impurities.
- the semiconductor module according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-described invention, the solder does not include Ni in the composition.
- the semiconductor module according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-described invention, the laminated substrate has a conductive plate of copper or copper alloy on the semiconductor element side.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor module according to the present invention has the following features. First, it contains more than 6% by mass and less than 8.5% by mass of Sb, contains more than 2% by mass and less than 4.5% by mass of Ag, contains more than 1.25% by mass and less than 2.0% by mass, and the remainder A step is performed in which a solder having a composition consisting of Sn and unavoidable impurities is applied to the laminated substrate. Next, a semiconductor element having a Ni layer formed on its back surface is placed on the solder, and a step of bonding the back surface of the semiconductor element and the laminated substrate is performed.
- the composition of the laminated substrate and the power semiconductor chip is Sn-(6-8.5]Sb-[2-4.5]Ag-[1.25-2.0]Cu. They are joined by solder.As a result, Cu from the solder reaches the interface of the Ni layer, and a SnCu alloy is generated at the interface of the Ni layer, which becomes a protective layer for the Ni layer and suppresses the diffusion of Ni.
- Ni does not disappear and a residual Ni film remains. This residual Ni film ensures solder wettability and prevents the generation of voids.
- Sb is more than 6% by mass and 8.5% by mass
- Solder containing the following, containing 2% by mass or more and 4.5% by mass or less of Ag, 1.25% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less of Cu, and the balance consisting of Sn and unavoidable impurities. It is expressed as -(6-8.5]Sb-[2-4.5]Ag-[1.25-2.0]Cu, and other compositions will be expressed in the same manner hereinafter.
- the semiconductor module and the method for manufacturing a semiconductor module according to the present invention it is possible to prevent the generation of voids in the solder bonding layer.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a power semiconductor module according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a solder bonding layer between the power semiconductor chip and the first conductive plate of the power semiconductor module according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing a residual Ni film in a bonding layer made of Sn--Sb--Ag solder with 0% by mass of Cu added.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view showing a residual Ni film in a bonding layer made of Sn--Sb--Ag solder with 0.9 mass % of Cu added.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a power semiconductor module according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a solder bonding layer between the power semiconductor chip and the first conductive plate of the power semiconductor module according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing a residual Ni
- FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view showing a residual Ni film in a bonding layer made of Sn--Sb--Ag solder with 2.0% by mass of Cu added.
- FIG. 4 is a table showing evaluation results of power semiconductor modules of Examples and Comparative Examples for each solder composition.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a power semiconductor module with a conventional structure.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of region S in FIG. 5 of a power semiconductor module having a conventional structure.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional power semiconductor module showing a solder bonding layer between a power semiconductor chip and a first conductive plate in a normal state.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a solder bonding layer between a power semiconductor chip and a first conductive plate of a conventional power semiconductor module at the time of failure.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a power semiconductor module according to an embodiment.
- a first conductive plate 3 made of copper or the like is arranged on one front surface of the insulating substrate 2, and a second conductive plate 4 made of copper or the like is arranged on the other surface, the back surface.
- the laminated substrate 5 is constructed.
- a plurality of power semiconductor chips 1 are mounted on the front surface of the first conductive plate 3 of the laminated substrate 5 with a chip bonding layer 27 interposed therebetween.
- a cooler 26 is mounted on the back surface of the second conductive plate 4 of the laminated substrate 5 with a cooler bonding layer 28 interposed therebetween.
- metal terminals (not shown) for extracting signals to the outside are bonded inside the case (not shown). Further, on the front surface (for example, source electrode pad) of the power semiconductor chip 1, metal wires such as aluminum wires (not shown) (bonding wires) or bonding layers (not shown) are connected to pin-type terminals or leads. A conductive connecting member such as a frame is attached. Further, the power semiconductor chip 1 and the metal terminals are electrically connected with a metal wire such as an aluminum wire. Note that a lead frame may be used. A primer layer may be laminated on the members to be sealed, such as the power semiconductor chip 1, the laminated substrate 5, the chip bonding layer 27, the cooler bonding layer 28, and the metal wire, in order to improve adhesion. Further, the inside of the case is filled with a sealing resin (not shown). Note that the illustrated configuration of the power semiconductor module 50 is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this configuration.
- the power semiconductor chip 1 is a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) or an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) made of Si or SiC. : insulated gate bipolar transistor), SBD (Schottky Barrier Diode), etc., and as a semiconductor substrate, a device using Si or SiC can be used.
- the number of power semiconductor chips 1 to be mounted may be one or more than one.
- a metal electrode of AlSi is provided when the semiconductor substrate is Si
- a metal electrode of Ni is provided when the semiconductor substrate is SiC (in both cases, the metal electrodes are omitted from illustration).
- a Ti layer and a Ni layer are laminated in this order between the metal electrode and the chip bonding layer 27 made of solder.
- an Au layer may be laminated between the Ni layer and the chip bonding layer 27 (see FIG. 6).
- the laminated substrate 5 may be composed of an insulating substrate 2, a first conductive plate 3 formed in a predetermined shape on one main surface thereof, and a second conductive plate 4 formed on the other main surface. can.
- the first conductive plate 3 is formed on the front surface (first main surface) of the insulating substrate 2 in a predetermined circuit pattern.
- the second conductive plate 4 may be a metal foil formed on the entire back surface of the insulating substrate 2.
- As the insulating substrate 2 a material with excellent electrical insulation and thermal conductivity can be used. Examples of the material of the insulating substrate 2 include Al 2 O 3 , AlN, and SiN.
- the material having both electrical insulation and thermal conductivity is preferable, and AlN and SiN can be used, but the material is not limited to these.
- the first conductive plate 3 and the second conductive plate 4 Cu (copper) or a Cu alloy, which has excellent workability, can be used.
- the Cu alloy is an alloy containing 80% or more of Cu.
- the conductive plate that is not in contact with the power semiconductor chip 1 is sometimes referred to as a backside copper foil or a backside conductive plate.
- methods for disposing the conductive plate on the insulating substrate 2 include a direct copper bonding method and an active metal brazing method.
- Ni (nickel) plating or the like may be applied to the surface of the conductive substrate to form Ni or a Ni alloy.
- the cooler 26 has, for example, a substantially rectangular planar heat dissipation plate made of a metal such as Cu or Al having excellent thermal conductivity, and a plurality of heat dissipation fins.
- the surface of the heat sink of the cooler 26 may be covered with a Ni film or Ni alloy film that has a corrosion-preventing effect.
- the back surface of the heat sink of the cooler 26 is joined to a heat sink.
- the cooler 26 is a cooling device that dissipates heat generated in the power semiconductor chip 1 and transmitted via the laminated substrate 5 using a plurality of heat dissipating fins.
- Cooler bonding layer 28 can be formed using lead-free solder.
- Sn-Sb (antimony) type, Sn-Cu type, Sn-Ag (silver) type, Sn-Sb-Ag type, etc. can be used, but are not limited to these.
- the solder contains 0 to 2% by mass of Cu.
- the Cu content is 2% by mass or less, since this promotes the formation of a Cu--Sn compound phase.
- the cooler bonding layer 28 can also be formed using a connecting material containing minute metal particles such as a sintered body of nanosilver particles. Alternatively, thermal grease or the like can also be used.
- Chip bonding layer 27 The chip bonding layer 27 is formed using lead-free solder.
- the chip bonding layer 27 is formed using solder whose composition is Sn-(6-8.5]Sb-[2-4.5]Ag-[1.25-2.0]Cu.This composition is , Sb is more than 6% by mass and less than 8.5% by mass, Ag is more than 2% by mass and less than 4.5% by mass, Cu is more than 1.25% by mass and less than 2.0% by mass, and the balance is Sn.
- the composition may contain unavoidable impurities, and Ge (germanium) and P (phosphorus) may be added in an amount of more than 0.001 mass% and 0.1 mass% or less.
- the above composition The solder material may be a plate solder material that is melted to a predetermined composition, or a cream solder that is a mixture of a flux material having a reducing action and a granular solder material.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a solder bonding layer between the power semiconductor chip and the first conductive plate of the power semiconductor module according to the embodiment.
- Cu is added to the solder.
- Cu within the solder diffuses. Since the diffusion rate of Cu is higher than that of Ni, Cu from the solder reaches the interface of the Ni layer, and a SnCu alloy 33 is generated at the interface of the Ni layer.
- the SnCu alloy 33 serves as a protective layer for the Ni layer, and can suppress Ni diffusion (SnNi alloying). Therefore, the remaining Ni film 34 remains without Ni disappearing. It is presumed that this residual Ni film 34 ensures solder wettability and prevents voids from occurring.
- the Ni layer corresponds to the Ni layer 131 in FIG. 6 or the remaining Ni film 134 in FIG.
- the first conductive plate 3 with Cu (copper) or Cu alloy exposed on the surface is better than the first conductive plate 3 with a Ni alloy layer (plated layer) formed on the surface of the chip bonding layer. Since Cu is supplied to No. 27 (solder), the effects of the present invention are more likely to occur.
- the Cu contained in the first conductive plate 3 also diffuses upward (toward the power semiconductor chip 1 side) and forms a SnCu alloy 33 at the interface of the Ni layer. Therefore, more SnCu alloy 33 is generated, and Ni diffusion can be further suppressed.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views showing a residual Ni film in a bonding layer formed by adding Cu to Sn-Sb-Ag solder.
- the thickness of the Ni layer before bonding is 0.7 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 3A shows the case where 0 mass % of Cu is added
- FIG. 3B shows the case where 0.9 mass % of Cu is added
- FIG. 3C shows the case where 2.0 mass % of Cu is added.
- the reliability of the power semiconductor module according to the embodiment was confirmed by a power cycle test.
- the reliability was evaluated based on the power cycle resistance (TjP/C resistance) with respect to the amount of Cu added to the solder.
- a power cycle test (P/C) is performed on a plurality of power semiconductor modules, and the number of cycles at which the cumulative failure rate, which is the cumulative number of failed modules, is 1% is called the P/C tolerance. If the P/C withstand capacity is 60k cycles or more, it is judged to be reliable, and if it is less than 60k cycles, it is judged to be unreliable.
- the results of the test are shown.
- the number of cycles at which the cumulative defective rate is 1% is approximately 85,000 cycles in the case of Sn-8Sb-3Ag-1.3Cu-0.003Ge, and in the case of Sn-8Sb-3Ag-0.9Cu-0.003Ge. It is approximately 100,000 cycles, and the reliability of the power semiconductor module is high in both cases. Both are reliable, but as the amount of Cu increases, the number of cycles at which the cumulative failure rate reaches 1% decreases. Therefore, it can be seen that when the amount of Cu added is too large, the P/C withstand capability of the power semiconductor module decreases.
- FIG. 4 is a table showing the evaluation results of power semiconductor modules of Examples and Comparative Examples for each solder composition.
- the Ni layer was evaluated based on the thickness of the remaining Ni film after bonding.
- the wettability to Ni was determined by observing voids in the chip bonding layer 27 using SAT (ultrasonic testing). If the wettability is poor, voids etc. will be generated at the interface with the surface to be joined, resulting in a high initial thermal resistance, which is not preferable.
- a void larger than 1.3% of the area of the bonding surface of the power semiconductor chip 1 was determined as "x" because it increases the thermal resistance, and a void of 0.3% or less was determined as " ⁇ ".
- the solder composition was Sn-8.3Sb-3.2Ag-xCu, and the influence of Cu addition was evaluated.
- the amount of Cu added was 0% by mass, and as mentioned above, when the amount of Cu added is small, the formation of SnCu alloy is small, the remaining Ni film disappears, and the evaluation of wettability to Ni is poor. It becomes.
- the amount of Cu added was 0.9% by mass, and here too, the remaining Ni film partially disappeared, and the wettability to Ni was evaluated as ⁇ . Although the P/C evaluation is ⁇ , there are some areas where the Ni film has disappeared, and if the P/C becomes more severe, there is a high possibility that the reliability will decrease.
- the amount of Cu added is 3% by mass, and when the amount of Cu added is large, the SnCu alloy becomes coarse, its strength decreases, and cracks occur. Therefore, the evaluation of P/C is ⁇ .
- Examples 1 and 2 are cases where the amount of Cu added is 1.25% by mass and the amount of Cu added is 2% by mass, and in both cases, the evaluation of wettability to Ni and the evaluation of P/C are ⁇ . . From the above results, in the solder of the embodiment, Cu is added in a composition % range of 1.25% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less.
- Example 1 the influence of Sb addition was evaluated using a solder composition of Sn-xSb-3.2Ag-1.25Cu.
- the amount of Sb added was 8.3% by mass
- Example 3 the amount of Sb added was 6.1% by mass.
- the P/C evaluation is ⁇ . This is presumed to be because when an appropriate amount of Sb is present, a SnSb alloy is generated, and the SnNi alloy is reduced, thereby reducing Ni depletion.
- Sb is added in a composition percentage range of more than 6% by mass and less than 8.5% by mass.
- Example 1 the influence of Ag addition was evaluated using Sn-8.3Sb-xAg-1.25Cu as the solder composition.
- the Ag addition amount was 3.2% by mass, 2% by mass, and 4.5% by mass, respectively, and there was no disappearance of the residual Ni film, and the wettability to Ni was evaluated as ⁇ .
- the P/C evaluation is ⁇ .
- Comparative Example 6 the amount of Ag added was 1.5% by mass, there was no disappearance of the residual Ni film, the wettability to Ni was evaluated as ⁇ , and the P/C evaluation was ⁇ . This is because when there is less Ag, the wettability to Ni is poor, the amount of SnAg alloy is reduced, and the strength is lowered.
- the amount of Ag added was 5.5% by mass, there was no disappearance of the residual Ni film, the wettability to Ni was evaluated as ⁇ , and the P/C evaluation was ⁇ . This is because if the amount of Ag is large, the wettability of the Ni film will be poor, and if the amount of Ag added is more than 5.0% by mass, it will become a hypereutectic composition, and if the amount of Ag is excessive, the eutectic composition of Ag 3 Sn and ⁇ Sn will be formed. The structure becomes denser and the precipitation-strengthened structure becomes excessive.
- Comparative Example 8 the influence of Ni addition was evaluated using a solder composition of Sn-8.3Sb-3.2Ag-1.25Cu-0.25Ni.
- the amount of Ni added was 0.25% by mass, and the residual Ni film partially disappeared, and the wettability to Ni was evaluated as ⁇ and the P/C evaluation was ⁇ . This is because when Ni exists, SnNi alloy is also formed on the first conductive plate side, which inhibits Cu diffusion from the first conductive plate side and makes it difficult for SnCu alloy to be generated. It is presumed that this is because there is no countermeasure. It is also presumed that the addition of Ni made the solder brittle and reduced its reliability. From the above results, the solder of the embodiment does not contain more Ni than inevitable impurities.
- the cooler 26 is bonded to the second conductive plate 4 of the laminated substrate 5 using the cooler bonding layer 28 .
- solder having a composition of Sn-(6-8.5]Sb-[2-4.5]Ag-[1.25-2.0]Cu is applied to the first conductive plate 3 of the laminated substrate 5.
- the power semiconductor chip 1 is placed on this solder.
- pressure may be applied from above the semiconductor chip 1.
- the pressure is preferably 1 kPa to 20 kPa, more preferably 5 kPa to 10 kPa.
- the temperature increase rate of this heat treatment can be about 1°C/sec, and the temperature decreasing rate is preferably 5°C/sec or more, and 8°C/sec or more and 15°C/sec or less. It is more preferable to make the crystal finer and improve the bonding strength.
- the lead frame is joined and wire bonding is performed using metal wires.
- a primer layer may then be formed.
- the case is filled with a sealing resin, which is temporarily cured at 100 to 120°C for 10 to 120 minutes, and then permanently cured at about 175 to 185°C for 1 to 2 hours. In this way, the power semiconductor module according to the embodiment is manufactured.
- the first conductive plate and the power semiconductor chip have a composition of Sn-(6-8.5]Sb- [2-4.5]Ag-[1.25-2.0]Cu solder is used for joining.This allows Cu from the solder to reach the interface of the Ni layer, and the SnCu to the interface of the Ni layer. An alloy is generated and serves as a protective layer for the Ni layer, suppressing Ni diffusion.For this reason, Ni does not disappear and a residual Ni film remains.This residual Ni film ensures solder wettability and eliminates voids. This can be prevented from occurring.
- the present invention can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and in each of the embodiments described above, for example, the dimensions of each part, impurity concentration, etc. are variously set according to the required specifications.
- the semiconductor module and the method for manufacturing a semiconductor module according to the present invention are useful for power semiconductor modules used in power converters such as inverters, power supplies for various industrial machines, and igniters for automobiles. be.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Die Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態にかかるパワー半導体モジュールの構成を示す断面図である。パワー半導体モジュール50においては、絶縁基板2の一方の面であるおもて面に銅などの第1導電性板3、他方の面である裏面には銅などの第2導電性板4が配置されて積層基板5を構成する。積層基板5の第1導電性板3のおもて面には、チップ接合層27を介して、複数のパワー半導体チップ1が搭載されている。積層基板5の第2導電性板4の裏面には、冷却器接合層28を介して、冷却器26が搭載されている。
実施の形態において、パワー半導体チップ1は、SiやSiCから構成されるMOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor:絶縁ゲート型電界効果トランジスタ)、IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor:絶縁ゲート型バイポーラトランジスタ)、SBD(Schottky Barrier Diode:ショットキーバリアダイオード)等のパワーチップであり、半導体基板としては、Si、SiCを使用したデバイスを用いることができる。パワー半導体チップ1の搭載数は、1つであってもよく、複数搭載することもできる。
積層基板5は、絶縁基板2とその一方の主面に所定の形状に形成される第1導電性板3と、他方の主面に形成される第2導電性板4とから構成することができる。第1導電性板3は、絶縁基板2のおもて面(第1主面)に所定の回路パターンで形成されている。第2導電性板4は、絶縁基板2の裏面の全体に形成された金属箔であってよい。絶縁基板2としては、電気絶縁性、熱伝導性に優れた材料を用いることができる。絶縁基板2の材料としては、例えば、Al2O3、AlN、SiNなどが挙げられる。特に高耐圧用途では、電気絶縁性と熱伝導率を両立した材料が好ましく、AlN、SiNを用いることができるが、これらには限定されない。第1導電性板3、第2導電性板4としては、加工性の優れているCu(銅)またはCu合金を用いることができる。なお、Cu合金はCuを80%以上含む合金である。このようなCuまたはCu合金からなる導電性板のうち、パワー半導体チップ1と接していない導電性板を、裏面銅箔または裏面導電性板と指称することもある。絶縁基板2上に導電性板を配設する方法としては、直接接合法(Direct Copper Bonding法)もしくは、ろう材接合法(Active Metal Brazing法)が挙げられる。また、導電性基板表面にNi(ニッケル)めっき等を施し、NiまたはNi合金を形成してもよい。
冷却器26は、熱伝導性に優れたCuやAlなどの金属で形成された例えば略矩形状の平面形状の放熱板と複数の放熱フィンを有する。冷却器26の放熱板の表面は、腐食防止効果を有するNi膜やNi合金膜で覆われていてもよい。冷却器26の放熱板の裏面は、放熱フィンに接合されている。冷却器26は、複数の放熱フィンにより、パワー半導体チップ1で発生し、積層基板5を介して伝わる熱を放散する冷却装置である。
冷却器接合層28は、鉛フリーはんだを用いて形成することができる。例えば、Sn-Sb(アンチモン)系、Sn-Cu系、Sn-Ag(銀)系、Sn-Sb-Ag系などを用いることができるが、これらには限定されない。なお、特にSbを5~10質量%とAgを2~5質量%とNiを0.1~0.4質量%とGeを0.001~0.1質量%含有し残部はSnが好ましい。また前記はんだにCuを0~2質量%含有させることがさらに好ましい。また、Cu含有率が2質量%以下だと、Cu-Sn化合物相の生成が促進されるため、好ましい。また、ナノ銀粒子の焼結体などの微小金属粒子を含む接続材を用いて冷却器接合層28を形成することもできる。また、サーマルグリースなどを用いることもできる。
チップ接合層27は、鉛フリーはんだを用いて形成する。チップ接合層27は、組成がSn-(6-8.5]Sb-[2-4.5]Ag-[1.25-2.0]Cuであるはんだを用いて形成する。この組成は、Sbが6質量%より多く8.5質量%以下で、Agが2質量%以上、4.5質量%以下で、Cuが1.25質量%以上2.0質量%以下で、残部がSnから構成される。なお、不可避不純物を含んでもよく、さらに、Ge(ゲルマニウム)、P(リン)を0.001質量%より多く0.1質量%以下を添加してもよい。なお、上記組成のはんだ材は、所定の組成になるように溶融してなる板はんだ材であってもよいし、還元作用を有するフラックス材と粒状はんだ材を混合したクリームはんだでもよい。
次に、実施の形態にかかるパワー半導体モジュールの製造方法について説明する。まず、冷却器26を冷却器接合層28で積層基板5の第2導電性板4に接合する。次に、組成がSn-(6-8.5]Sb-[2-4.5]Ag-[1.25-2.0]Cuのはんだを、積層基板5の第1導電性板3に塗布または配置する。次に、このはんだ上にパワー半導体チップ1を載せる。なお、この際、半導体チップ1の上から圧力をかけてもよい。前記圧力は、1kPa~20kPaが好ましく、より好ましくは5kPa~10kPaである。この範囲で加圧することにより、ボイドを低減し、Niの拡散を防止できる。これにより、パワー半導体チップ1をチップ接合層27で積層基板5の第1導電性板3に加熱し、接合する。なお、この熱処理の昇温速度は1℃/秒程度とすることができ、降温速度は5℃/秒以上であることが好ましく、8℃/秒以上15℃/秒以下であることが、結晶を微細化し、接合強度を向上させるうえでより好ましい。
2、102 絶縁基板
3、103 第1導電性板
4、104 第2導電性板
5、105 積層基板
26、126 冷却器
27、127 チップ接合層
28、128 冷却器接合層
33、133 SnCu合金
34、134 Ni残膜
50、150 パワー半導体モジュール
129 金属電極
130 Ti層
131 Ni層
132 Au層
135 空乏
Claims (4)
- 裏面にNi層が形成された半導体素子を搭載した積層基板を備え、
前記半導体素子の裏面は、
Sbを6質量%より多く8.5質量%以下含み、
Agを2質量%以上、4.5質量%以下含み、
Cuを1.25質量%以上、2.0質量%以下含み、残部がSnおよび不可避不純物から構成される組成のはんだで前記積層基板と接合されていることを特徴とする半導体モジュール。 - 前記はんだは、前記組成にNiを含まないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記積層基板は、前記半導体素子側に銅または銅合金の導電性板を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体モジュール。
- Sbを6質量%より多く8.5質量%以下含み、
Agを2質量%以上、4.5質量%以下含み、
Cuを1.25質量%以上、2.0質量%以下含み、残部がSnおよび不可避不純物から構成される組成のはんだを積層基板に塗布する工程と、
前記はんだ上に、裏面にNi層が形成された半導体素子を載せ、前記半導体素子の裏面と前記積層基板とを接合する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする半導体モジュールの製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380018293.3A CN118805245A (zh) | 2022-08-01 | 2023-07-04 | 半导体模块以及半导体模块的制造方法 |
| DE112023000399.8T DE112023000399T5 (de) | 2022-08-01 | 2023-07-04 | Halbleitermodul und verfahren zum herstellen eines halbleitermoduls |
| JP2024538871A JP7761154B2 (ja) | 2022-08-01 | 2023-07-04 | 半導体モジュールおよび半導体モジュールの製造方法 |
| US18/784,729 US20240379608A1 (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2024-07-25 | Semiconductor module and method of manufacturing semiconductor module |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022-122882 | 2022-08-01 | ||
| JP2022122882 | 2022-08-01 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/784,729 Continuation US20240379608A1 (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2024-07-25 | Semiconductor module and method of manufacturing semiconductor module |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024029258A1 true WO2024029258A1 (ja) | 2024-02-08 |
Family
ID=89849183
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2023/024844 Ceased WO2024029258A1 (ja) | 2022-08-01 | 2023-07-04 | 半導体モジュールおよび半導体モジュールの製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240379608A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7761154B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN118805245A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112023000399T5 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2024029258A1 (ja) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001144111A (ja) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-25 | Tanaka Electronics Ind Co Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP2003126987A (ja) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-05-08 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 回路基板用鉛フリー半田及び回路基板 |
| US20060193744A1 (en) * | 2004-11-13 | 2006-08-31 | Chippac, Inc. | Lead-free solder system |
| WO2017047289A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体装置用はんだ材 |
| JP2017113756A (ja) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 表面性に優れたSnを主成分とするはんだ合金及びその選別方法 |
| WO2017217145A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-21 | 富士電機株式会社 | はんだ接合部 |
| JP2018187670A (ja) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-29 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | はんだ合金およびそれを用いた接合構造体 |
| US20190076965A1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | Tamura Corporation | Lead-free solder alloy, electronic circuit substrate, and electronic device |
| JP7079889B1 (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | はんだ合金、はんだ接合材、ソルダペースト及び半導体パッケージ |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MY190755A (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2022-05-12 | Senju Metal Industry Co | Soldered joint and method for forming soldered joint |
-
2023
- 2023-07-04 WO PCT/JP2023/024844 patent/WO2024029258A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-07-04 JP JP2024538871A patent/JP7761154B2/ja active Active
- 2023-07-04 CN CN202380018293.3A patent/CN118805245A/zh active Pending
- 2023-07-04 DE DE112023000399.8T patent/DE112023000399T5/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-07-25 US US18/784,729 patent/US20240379608A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001144111A (ja) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-25 | Tanaka Electronics Ind Co Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP2003126987A (ja) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-05-08 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 回路基板用鉛フリー半田及び回路基板 |
| US20060193744A1 (en) * | 2004-11-13 | 2006-08-31 | Chippac, Inc. | Lead-free solder system |
| WO2017047289A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体装置用はんだ材 |
| JP2017113756A (ja) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 表面性に優れたSnを主成分とするはんだ合金及びその選別方法 |
| WO2017217145A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-21 | 富士電機株式会社 | はんだ接合部 |
| JP2018187670A (ja) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-29 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | はんだ合金およびそれを用いた接合構造体 |
| US20190076965A1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | Tamura Corporation | Lead-free solder alloy, electronic circuit substrate, and electronic device |
| JP7079889B1 (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | はんだ合金、はんだ接合材、ソルダペースト及び半導体パッケージ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2024029258A1 (ja) | 2024-02-08 |
| DE112023000399T5 (de) | 2024-09-12 |
| CN118805245A (zh) | 2024-10-18 |
| US20240379608A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
| JP7761154B2 (ja) | 2025-10-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP7115591B2 (ja) | 半導体装置用はんだ材 | |
| JP6642865B2 (ja) | はんだ接合部 | |
| CN102074536B (zh) | 功率半导体装置及其制造方法 | |
| JP4609296B2 (ja) | 高温半田及び高温半田ペースト材、及びそれを用いたパワー半導体装置 | |
| JP6750263B2 (ja) | 電力用半導体モジュール | |
| JP5214936B2 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
| JP6267229B2 (ja) | 鉛フリーはんだ箔および半導体装置 | |
| JP6429208B2 (ja) | 半導体装置および移動体 | |
| CN102017107B (zh) | 接合结构以及电子器件 | |
| CN101393901B (zh) | 半导体装置 | |
| CN109641323B (zh) | 软钎焊材料 | |
| JP4479577B2 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
| JP2011023631A (ja) | 接合構造体 | |
| JP4171355B2 (ja) | モールド型パワーデバイス | |
| JP4699822B2 (ja) | 半導体モジュ−ルの製造方法 | |
| JP7761154B2 (ja) | 半導体モジュールおよび半導体モジュールの製造方法 | |
| Barlow et al. | High-temperature high-power packaging techniques for HEV traction applications | |
| TW202330953A (zh) | 焊料及半導體裝置 | |
| Elshabini et al. | High-Temperature High-Power Packaging Techniques for HEV Traction Applications |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23849817 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202380018293.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2024538871 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 23849817 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |