WO2024025441A1 - Procédé de transformation complexe de foin issu de plantes de prairies - Google Patents

Procédé de transformation complexe de foin issu de plantes de prairies Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024025441A1
WO2024025441A1 PCT/RU2023/050178 RU2023050178W WO2024025441A1 WO 2024025441 A1 WO2024025441 A1 WO 2024025441A1 RU 2023050178 W RU2023050178 W RU 2023050178W WO 2024025441 A1 WO2024025441 A1 WO 2024025441A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hay
protein
fraction
meadow
leaf
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2023/050178
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Михаил Викторович ИВАНОВ
Николай Петрович БРИЗИЦКИЙ
Original Assignee
Михаил Викторович ИВАНОВ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2022120611A external-priority patent/RU2782017C1/ru
Application filed by Михаил Викторович ИВАНОВ filed Critical Михаил Викторович ИВАНОВ
Publication of WO2024025441A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024025441A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C1/00—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/20—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with organic solvents or in solvent environment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
    • D21C3/26—Multistage processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of agriculture, specifically, to the technology of complex processing of hay obtained from various types of meadow plants, which is aimed at the production of products useful in agriculture and other industries, such as cellulose and enriched animal feed, as well as others products intended for use in agriculture and other industries.
  • a source of information is known from the prior art that describes a method for producing a suspension based on herbal fibrous materials for the manufacture of sheets or slabs, which includes the following stages: collecting meadow grass; cleaning meadow grass mechanically or by blowing air and/or washing with water; cutting meadow grass to obtain a length from 100 to 0.1 mm; fibrillation grinding of meadow grass; making tablets from meadow grass; suspending meadow grass in water; adding fractions of cellulose fibers and/or paper waste and/or auxiliary substances to the suspension (EA 029141 B1, 02/28/2018).
  • a known source of information describes a method for separating components from plant material containing at least leaf and/or stem parts, wherein the material is at least partially defibrated and then separated into a fiber fraction and a sap stream so that that the fiber fraction mainly contains hard tissues, such as epidermis, sclerenchyma and vascular bundles, and the sap flow mainly contains soft tissues, such as parenchyma and cytosol (RU 2213169 C2, 09.27.2003).
  • the closest to the proposed technical solution is a source of information describing a continuous method for the production of cellulose pulp from herbaceous plant raw materials, including the following steps: preparation of herbaceous plant raw materials by grinding into pieces 1.5 - 30 cm long and 0.5 - 15 mm in diameter and removing dust particles from the specified raw materials using a fan; and continuous cooking of dust-free herbaceous plant raw materials, prepared earlier, in a cooking unit, which is a vertical column with smooth internal walls, into the upper part of which the conveyor continuously feeds herbaceous plant raw materials, while in parallel with the supply of dust-free raw materials to the upper part of the specified
  • the digester is continuously supplied with cooking chemicals (a group consisting of NaOH and NaCl or NaiSCh), fresh water, reduced water and steam, the cooking temperature is 70 - 100°C, and during the continuous cooking process described, a suspension is formed with the following composition: weight percentage of NaOH 0.9 - 1.5, weight percentage of NaCl or NaiSOsOJS - 0.4; and the weight percentage of herb
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is the development of a method for complex processing of hay from meadow plants, ensuring maximum extraction of useful products from it, including through the stage of preliminary fractionation of chopped hay into leaf and stem fractions.
  • the technical result achieved in solving the problem is the fullest possible extraction of useful products from non-wood plant raw materials, such as cellulose, cellulose-containing fibers, lipid-pigment complex and protein, as well as the production of enriched hay granules or briquettes intended for feeding farm animals, with a simultaneous reduction in the consumption of reagents, water, time, energy and ultimately reducing costs and improving the quality of cellulose.
  • non-wood plant raw materials such as cellulose, cellulose-containing fibers, lipid-pigment complex and protein
  • a method for complex processing of hay from meadow plants is proposed, according to which the hay is first crushed to a particle size of 10 - 30 mm (and this particle size is at least 80% of the total volume of hay) and separated by separation into stem and leaf fractions , after which the stem fraction is subjected to cooking to obtain cellulose in an amount of 20 - 50% of the amount of feedstock and cellulose-containing fiber from 1.2 - 20% from the amount of initial raw material, and the leaf fraction with a protein content of more than 20% in dry matter is sent for sequential processing, at the first stage of which a lipid-pigment complex is obtained by maceration with ethyl alcohol, at the second stage a concentrate is obtained by three-stage extraction with an ammonium sulfate solution followed by precipitation squirrel.
  • the meal obtained as a result of sequential processing is sent to the cooking stage, and the leaf fraction with a protein content of less than 20% in dry matter is sent for granulation or briquetting to produce hay gran
  • the hay is separated by air separation into stem and leaf fractions.
  • the method is carried out without the stage of cooking the stem fraction.
  • the raw material for the implementation of the proposed method is meadow hay obtained from meadow plants.
  • the meadow is a complex plant community - a phytocenosis, the plants of which are represented mainly by perennial mesophytic grasses, that is, plants that require high moisture content for normal growth and development. Based on the nature of their origin, meadows are divided into natural meadows and artificial meadows. Natural meadows are covered with wild grasses, while artificial meadows are forage areas created by sowing perennial legumes and cereal forage grasses. All forage plants of meadows are divided in agricultural practice into four economic groups: cereals, legumes, sedges and forbs. The feeding value of meadows and herbaceous vegetation can be judged by the botanical composition, that is, the species composition of herbs.
  • Natural meadows formed in river valleys are considered the richest, where up to 80 plant species can grow per 1 m2 .
  • Highly nutritious hay is obtained from perennial and annual legumes and cereal grasses in their pure form, from their mixtures, as well as from the grass of natural lands. Depending on the botanical composition and growing conditions of grasses, hay is classified as follows:
  • the most common methods of preserving green mass are drying them or storing them wet in an anaerobic and acidic environment.
  • the first method is to prepare hay and artificially dried grass feed, the second is silage. Based on a combination of these two methods, haylage and wet hay are prepared.
  • the moisture content should be no more than 17%, the color of the hay should be from green to yellow-green and the smell characteristic of fresh hay.
  • GOST R 55452-2013 which standardizes the following:
  • meadow grass hay is rich not only in fiber, but also in other useful components (proteins, fats, minerals); however, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the leaf and stem parts of the hay is not identical, and each of these parts is preferable for obtaining separate products (the stem is cellulose, the leaves are protein), and therefore, it became necessary to separate the chopped hay into two fractions (leaf and stem).
  • the resulting stem fraction is sent to the cooking stage.
  • any cooking known from the prior art can be used: sulphate cooking, soda cooking, water hydrolysis, cooking with hydrogen peroxide.
  • cooking of the stem fraction using water hydrolysis technology is carried out at a temperature of about 170°C; the duration of standing at a given temperature is about 30 minutes, the duration of grinding is about 10 minutes.
  • Peroxide cooking of the stem fraction without chelation is carried out according to the regime: NaOH consumption of about 20%, cooking temperature of about 140 °C; The duration of parking at a given temperature is about 180 minutes, the consumption of hydrogen peroxide is about 3 kg/t.
  • Sulfate cooking of the stem fraction is carried out according to the following regime: consumption of active alkali, % of the feedstock about 12; cooking temperature about 150°C; the duration of standing at a given temperature is about 10 - 30 minutes, the duration of grinding before washing is about 2 minutes. It should be noted that the given process parameters are approximate and are selected depending on the quality and quantitative composition of the stem fraction. As a result of the cooking process, cellulose is obtained in an amount of 20 - 50% of the amount of the original raw material and cellulose-containing fiber in the amount of 1.2 - 20% of the amount of the original raw material.
  • the resulting products can be used as independent products in agriculture and other industries, and can be further processed for additional processing, including the production of cellulose derivatives such as microcellulose, nanocellulose, or, for example, at the stage of grinding, washing, filtration and drying to produce paper/cardboard.
  • cellulose derivatives such as microcellulose, nanocellulose, or, for example, at the stage of grinding, washing, filtration and drying to produce paper/cardboard.
  • the resulting leaf fraction is sent for further processing depending on its protein content.
  • the leaf fraction with a protein content of more than 20% in dry matter is sent for sequential processing.
  • Extraction of the lipid-pigment complex and protein isolation are carried out by sequential processing of plant raw materials.
  • a lipid-pigment complex is obtained by maceration with ethyl alcohol. Extraction is carried out in two stages of approximately 20 minutes each.
  • ethyl alcohol is used as an extractant
  • the hydromodulus is 1:20
  • the process temperature is about 60°C
  • the entire process time is about 40 minutes.
  • the use of ethyl alcohol as an extractant is due to the fact that it most completely extracts the lipid-pigment complex.
  • the yield of solid extract reaches 2.17%, which corresponds to 92% extraction of crude fat.
  • an increase in the crude protein content is observed from 3.1 to 3.24%.
  • This fact is determined by the extraction of the non-protein part - the lipid-pigment complex - from the hay sample. Preliminary removal of the lipid-pigment complex with alcohols has a positive effect on the yield of protein concentrate (increases from 2.1% to 2.6-3%) and its quality (protein content in the concentrate increases from 19.5 to 20-23%) at the second stage process. The degree of protein extraction increases from 12.8% to 16-22% with preliminary maceration with alcohols.
  • the treated hay is sent for three-stage protein extraction with ammonium sulfate solutions (0.5, 2.5, 5%, respectively).
  • Ammonium sulfate solutions and raw materials were pre-cooled to 5°C, while the hydromodulus was 1:20, the extraction duration was about 15 minutes for each stage.
  • the protein is in a colloidal dispersed state and for its precipitation it is necessary empirically determine the isoelectric point - the pH of zero charge of a colloidal particle. At the isoelectric point, agglomeration of protein globules and protein precipitation occurs.
  • a 5% sulfuric acid solution was added to the protein solution in portions while controlling the pH and turbidity of the solution (turbidimetric titration).
  • the pH value which corresponds to the maximum value of the turbidity of the solution (the minimum value of the light transmittance coefficient - T, %), corresponds to an isoelectric point of 3.15 units. pH.
  • a KFK-3 photoelectric colorimeter was used to determine the turbidity (light transmittance) of the extract.
  • To precipitate protein from, for example, 300 ml of extract it is necessary to spend 550 ⁇ l of a 5% sulfuric acid solution.
  • the protein sediment (protein concentrate) is washed from ammonium sulfate with 10 ml of distilled water (until there is no ammonium ion in the washing water).
  • the yield of protein concentrate was 2.1% of the initial mass of raw materials.
  • the nitrogen content in the protein concentrate was 3.13%, which corresponds to a protein content of 19.5%.
  • the degree of protein recovery was 12.8% of that present in the sample.
  • the crude protein content after protein extraction was 2.7%, which is consistent with the protein recovery data.
  • the protein isolated from the sample is “salt-soluble.”
  • the protein present in plant materials can also be extracted by extraction with water (“water-soluble”) or alkali (“alkali-soluble”). Under similar conditions, a concentrate of “alkali-soluble” protein (0.05% sodium hydroxide solution) was isolated (RF Patent 2134991, 1999). Its yield was 0.29% with a nitrogen content of 16%, the degree of protein extraction was 1.5% of that present in the feedstock.
  • the yield of the concentrate was 0.21%, its nitrogen content was 25.8%, and the degree of protein extraction was 1.8% of the feedstock.
  • the mechanical addition of the yields of protein fractions is incorrect, since, for example, a water-soluble fraction can be included in the alkali-soluble and salt-soluble protein fractions.
  • an average organic carbon content of 840 mg/l was found, which corresponds to the extraction of BEV (in terms of starch) of 10.9% of the feedstock.
  • the determination of organic carbon was carried out by high-temperature catalytic combustion using a total organic carbon analyzer TOC-L CSN (Shimadzu, Japan), while total organic carbon (TOC) is defined as the difference between total and inorganic carbon.
  • TOC total organic carbon
  • the principle of determining total carbon (TC) is based on direct combustion of the sample in a specialized TC combustion tube filled with an oxidation catalyst and heated to 680°C. During combustion of the sample, all carbon is converted into carbon dioxide. Subsequently, the combustion products are determined in the cuvette of a non-dispersive infrared detector (NDIR).
  • NDIR non-dispersive infrared detector
  • the method for determining inorganic carbon is based on measuring the carbon dioxide released into the gas phase when the acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates, and the total volume of carbon dioxide gas is measured by the same ND IR detector. Thus, it is possible to extract into concentrate up to 13% of the protein contained in the original raw material.
  • the meal obtained as a result of sequential processing is sent to the cooking stage, and then to the production of cellulose.
  • the leaf fraction with a protein content of less than 20% in dry matter is sent for granulation or briquetting.
  • any known granulator or briquetting machine which is selected taking into account production requirements.
  • briquetting grass cutting for example, briquetting presses OKS-2, OPK-2, a press briquetting machine ⁇ -2 (stamp) and a ring-type briquetting machine designed by VIM are used.
  • Granulated mass or briquettes are already valuable products in their own right.
  • the resulting granules or briquettes can be further enriched protein previously isolated from the protein-rich leaf fraction.
  • cellulose, cellulose-containing fibers, a lipid-pigment complex, protein, enriched granules or briquettes are obtained, that is, the maximum extraction of useful substances from the hay of meadow plants is carried out.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de l'agriculture. L'invention concerne un procédé de transformation complexe de foin issu de plantes de prairies, dans lequel le foin est broyé et séparé selon un procédé d'aéro-séparation en fractions de tiges et de feuilles. La fraction de tiges est cuite de manière à produire de la cellulose et des fibres contenant de la cellulose. La fraction de feuilles ayant une teneur en protéines de plus de 20% en termes de substance sèche, est envoyée vers un traitement séquentiel, comprenant une première étape dans laquelle on obtient un complexe lipide-pigment selon un procédé de macération avec de l'alcool éthylique, et une seconde étape consistant à obtenir un concentré de protéines selon un procédé d'extraction en trois stades avec une solution de sulfate d'ammonium suivi d'une précipitation. Le rebus obtenu suite au traitement séquentiel est envoyé vers l'étape de cuisson. La fraction de feuilles ayant une teneur en protéines de plus de 20% en termes de substance sèche est envoyée vers une étape de granulation ou de compactage. Le procédé assure une extraction complète maximale des produits de valeur à partir d'une matière première végétale autre que le bois.
PCT/RU2023/050178 2022-07-27 2023-07-21 Procédé de transformation complexe de foin issu de plantes de prairies WO2024025441A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2022120611 2022-07-27
RU2022120611A RU2782017C1 (ru) 2022-07-27 Способ комплексной переработки сена из луговых растений

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WO2024025441A1 true WO2024025441A1 (fr) 2024-02-01

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB216532A (fr) * 1923-05-25 1925-03-05 Gesellschaft Fur Mechanische Zellulose M.B.H.
RU2213169C2 (ru) * 1999-01-06 2003-09-27 Кооперативе Веркоп - Эн Продюктиверенигинг Ван Ардаппелмел Эн Дериватен Авебе Б.А. Способ отделения компонентов от растительного материала, волокно и сок, полученные этим способом
RU2404333C2 (ru) * 2006-03-13 2010-11-20 Чан-Ох ПАРК Травяное волокно
CA2824956C (fr) * 2011-01-18 2015-05-05 Claremont Collection Handelsgesellschaft Mbh Procede d'obtention de jus de chanvre et son utilisation pour la fabrication de boissons
RU2636556C1 (ru) * 2014-03-31 2017-11-23 Маринко МИКУЛИЦ Непрерывный способ производства целлюлозы из травянистого растительного сырья
WO2018231052A1 (fr) * 2017-06-14 2018-12-20 Innovative Sustainable Technologies B.V. Procédé d'obtention de cellulose à partir de matière végétale

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB216532A (fr) * 1923-05-25 1925-03-05 Gesellschaft Fur Mechanische Zellulose M.B.H.
RU2213169C2 (ru) * 1999-01-06 2003-09-27 Кооперативе Веркоп - Эн Продюктиверенигинг Ван Ардаппелмел Эн Дериватен Авебе Б.А. Способ отделения компонентов от растительного материала, волокно и сок, полученные этим способом
RU2404333C2 (ru) * 2006-03-13 2010-11-20 Чан-Ох ПАРК Травяное волокно
CA2824956C (fr) * 2011-01-18 2015-05-05 Claremont Collection Handelsgesellschaft Mbh Procede d'obtention de jus de chanvre et son utilisation pour la fabrication de boissons
RU2636556C1 (ru) * 2014-03-31 2017-11-23 Маринко МИКУЛИЦ Непрерывный способ производства целлюлозы из травянистого растительного сырья
WO2018231052A1 (fr) * 2017-06-14 2018-12-20 Innovative Sustainable Technologies B.V. Procédé d'obtention de cellulose à partir de matière végétale

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