WO2024021390A1 - 开放型隔振器 - Google Patents

开放型隔振器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021390A1
WO2024021390A1 PCT/CN2022/133881 CN2022133881W WO2024021390A1 WO 2024021390 A1 WO2024021390 A1 WO 2024021390A1 CN 2022133881 W CN2022133881 W CN 2022133881W WO 2024021390 A1 WO2024021390 A1 WO 2024021390A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
outer sleeve
height
support plate
spring
vibration isolator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/133881
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
厉敏辉
郑靖宇
王博
牛文强
赵红
许吉锭
Original Assignee
浙江天铁实业股份有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江天铁实业股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江天铁实业股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024021390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024021390A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
    • E01B19/003—Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
    • F16F15/085—Use of both rubber and metal springs

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of track vibration and noise reduction, and specifically relates to an open vibration isolator.
  • some track beds use vibration-absorbing pads or multiple steel springs to isolate the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure and absorb the impact energy generated by train operation. Although it can achieve a certain vibration and noise reduction effect, however, there are still many problems: for track beds using vibration-absorbing pads, the vibration-absorbing pads are usually fully paved, which makes the stiffness of the entire vibration-absorbing system still large and the system frequency relatively high, so the vibration-absorbing effect is limited, and The fully paved vibration-absorbing pads also cause difficulties in water drainage. In addition, the vibration-absorbing pads are usually fixed to the prefabricated panels through secondary processing (such as rivets and pasting). The process is complicated and leads to a long construction time; for steel The spring track bed also has complex procedures, long construction time, and high labor intensity for construction workers. The stiffness of the steel spring is not easy to adjust, so the scope of application is narrow.
  • a new type of vibration isolator is needed that is easy to install, has shorter construction time, and is easy to adjust the spring stiffness.
  • the present invention is carried out to solve the above problems.
  • the purpose is to provide a vibration isolator that is easy to install and maintain and easy to adjust the spring stiffness.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the invention provides an open type vibration isolator, which is arranged in the track bed plate. It is characterized in that it includes: an outer sleeve, which penetrates along its length direction and is fixedly embedded in the track bed plate; and a rubber spring, which is arranged in the track bed plate.
  • the outer sleeve Below the outer sleeve; a height-adjusting gasket, arranged above the rubber spring; a spring support plate, arranged between the height-adjusting gasket and the rubber spring; and a locking gasket, fitted in the in the outer sleeve, and are fixed together with the height-adjusting gasket and the spring support plate through connecting pieces, wherein the inner wall of the outer sleeve has n radially protruding inner-cylinder protrusions, n ⁇ 2, the spring support plate, the height adjustment washer and the locking washer all have n protrusions, the outer contour shape of which is the same as that of the outer sleeve at the inner protrusion.
  • the inner wall shape matches.
  • the open vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the n inner-cylinder protrusions are evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve, and are all along the center axis of the outer sleeve. Extending in the length direction, one end of the bulge in the barrel is located inside the outer sleeve, thereby forming a support step inside the outer sleeve, and the spring support plate is arranged in the outer sleeve inside the barrel Below one end of the raised portion, the n raised portions of the supporting plate are respectively in contact with the n supported steps.
  • the open type vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the technical feature that the other end of the bulge in the barrel extends to the upper end of the outer barrel, thereby supporting the spring during installation.
  • the plate, the height-adjusting gasket and the locking gasket play a guiding role.
  • the open vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein a first relief hole and n first relief holes are opened in the middle of the height-adjusting gasket and are connected to the first relief hole. Installation groove, the raised portion of the height-adjusting gasket is in the extending direction of the first installation groove, and a second relief hole is opened in the middle of the locking gasket and is connected to the second relief hole. n second installation slots, the protruding portion of the locking gasket is staggered with the extension direction of the second installation slot, and the spring support plate has n installation holes.
  • the n first mounting grooves, the n second mounting grooves and the n mounting holes respectively form through-holes. n connector mounting holes.
  • the open-type vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the technical feature that the total thickness of the rubber spring, the spring support plate and the height-adjusting gasket is greater than the thickness from the support step to the jacket.
  • the distance between the lower end of the tube, the thickness of the rubber spring is 150mm ⁇ 750mm
  • the thickness of the spring support plate is 25mm ⁇ 30mm
  • the thickness of the height-adjusting gasket is 2mm-10mm
  • the number of the height-adjusting gaskets is one or more.
  • the open type vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the rubber spring are both in the shape of a circular plate, and the upper end and the lower end are wrapped with circular A metal plate, the middle part of the rubber spring shrinks radially inward, and the thickness of the convex part of the support plate is greater than the thickness of the middle part of the spring support plate, thereby forming a structure capable of covering the upper end of the rubber spring.
  • the open vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the outer sleeve is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the track bed plate, and the lower end of the outer sleeve has a A ring of flanges.
  • the open type vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, and further include: an upper cover plate, which is arranged on the upper end of the outer sleeve, wherein the upper end of the outer sleeve has a plurality of radial directions.
  • the shape of the upper cover plate matches the shape of the upper end surface of the outer sleeve, and the upper cover plate is fixedly mounted on a plurality of the upper end protrusions through connectors. .
  • the open type vibration isolator of the present invention since it has a penetrating outer sleeve and a rubber spring, the rubber spring can absorb the impact energy during train operation and achieve the effect of vibration and noise reduction.
  • the stiffness of the rubber spring is easy to adjust, so It can be applied to a variety of road sections with different vibration reduction needs.
  • the outer sleeve is fixedly embedded in the track bed plate, and the rubber spring is arranged below the outer sleeve.
  • the vibration isolator of the present invention is an open type vibration isolator, and the rubber spring is exposed from below the track bed plate, which is not only convenient for installation, but also After installation, the rubber spring can be easily inspected from the gap between the track bed plate and the base, which is beneficial to subsequent maintenance.
  • the open vibration isolator, track bed plate and linear track bed of the present invention can achieve the effect of track vibration and noise reduction, and are easy to construct and easy to perform subsequent maintenance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a linear track bed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the linear track bed at the position of the vibration isolator in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an exploded structural view of an open vibration isolator in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural view of the outer sleeve in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural view of the outer sleeve from different angles in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is an orthographic view of the upper end surface of the outer sleeve in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring support plate in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring support plate at different angles in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is an orthographic view of the spring support plate in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a three-dimensional structural view of the height-adjusting gasket in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is an orthographic view of the height-adjusting gasket in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a three-dimensional structural view of the locking gasket in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is an orthographic view of the locking gasket in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a top view of an open vibration isolator in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of an open vibration isolator in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the linear track bed at the limiting boss in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a flow chart for installing an open vibration isolator in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a three-dimensional structural view of the adjustment tool in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is an orthographic view of the adjustment tool in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Linear track bed 100 Linear track bed 100; track bed plate 110; plate body 111; lifting groove 113; limiting groove 114; open vibration isolator 120; outer sleeve 121; guide section 1211; bulge inside the barrel 12111; support step 12111a; support section 1212; upper end protrusion 1213; flange 1214; rubber spring 122; spring support plate 123; support plate protrusion 1231; mounting hole 1232; height adjustment gasket 124; height adjustment piece protrusion 1241; First relief hole 1242; first installation groove 1243; locking gasket 125; locking piece protrusion 1251; second relief hole 1252; second installation groove 1253; upper cover 126; connector 127; base 200; sleeper 300; limit boss 400; adjustment tool 600; handle 601; adjustment head 602; adjustment end 6021.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the linear track bed in this embodiment.
  • this embodiment provides a linear track bed 100 for carrying linear rails.
  • the linear track bed 100 is assembled from a plurality of track bed plates 110 connected end to end.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the track bed plate at the position of the vibration isolator in this embodiment. In order to clearly illustrate the structural composition of the arrangement, some small structures are omitted.
  • the track bed plate 110 is disposed on the base 200.
  • the track bed plate 110 includes a plate body 111 and a plurality of open vibration isolators 120.
  • the plate body 111 is a prefabricated concrete plate and the open vibration isolators 120. 120 are embedded in the plate body 111 in a group of two, and the two open vibration isolators 120 in a group are respectively located close to the two rails.
  • the size of the track bed plate 110 is 4690mm ⁇ 3000mm ⁇ 411mm (length ⁇ width ⁇ thickness).
  • eight pairs of sleepers 300 are evenly spaced along its length direction. Two adjacent sleepers 300 The distance between them is 595 mm.
  • the sleepers 300 are short concrete sleepers, and the linear rails are placed on the sleepers 300 .
  • a track bed plate 110 is provided with 3-5 pairs of open vibration isolators 120 . Since the track bed plate 110 can be installed at road sections with different conditions in the track, the number and distribution of the open vibration isolators 120 in the track bed plate 110 can be set according to the actual conditions of the road section and corresponding vibration reduction needs. Taking three pairs equally spaced as an example, the distance between two adjacent pairs of open vibration isolators 120 is 1785 mm.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the structure of the open vibration isolator in this embodiment.
  • the open vibration isolator 120 includes an outer sleeve 121 , a rubber spring 122 , a spring support plate 123 , a height-adjusting washer 124 , a locking washer 125 , an upper cover 126 and a plurality of connectors 127 .
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural view of the outer sleeve in this embodiment.
  • Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural view of the outer sleeve from different angles in this embodiment.
  • the outer sleeve 121 is made of metal (cast iron) and has a through-type cylindrical structure.
  • the overall height ie, the length of the outer sleeve 121
  • the outer sleeve 121 can be divided into a guide section 1211 located at the upper part and a support section 1212 located at the lower part along its length direction.
  • the guide section 1211 is used to place the spring support plate 123, the height-adjusting gasket 124, and the locking gasket 125 during installation, and plays a guiding role when these plates slide down.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the guide section 1211 is a triangular flange structure, and is formed with three stepped inner barrel protrusions 12111 that protrude radially inwards.
  • the three inner barrel protrusions 12111 are along the central axis of the outer sleeve 121. Evenly distributed.
  • the inner convex portion 12111 extends along the length direction of the outer sleeve 121 , with one end extending to the upper end of the outer sleeve 121 and the other end located at a lower position inside the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the support section 1212 is in a circular tube shape, so the other end of the bulge 12111 in the tube and the support section 1212 form a support step 12111a, which is used to provide support for the rubber spring 122.
  • a surface of the inner barrel convex portion 12111 that is parallel to the central axis of the outer barrel 121 has a certain curvature.
  • Figure 6 is an orthographic view of the upper end surface of the outer sleeve in this embodiment.
  • the upper end of the outer sleeve 121 has three upper end protrusions 1213 that protrude radially outward for supporting and connecting the upper cover 126 .
  • the upper end protrusion 1213 is also evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 121, and the upper end protrusion 1213 is provided with an upper cover plate connection hole.
  • the lower end of the outer sleeve 121 has a ring of outwardly protruding flange 1214, forming a skirt-like structure.
  • the outer sleeve 121 of this embodiment is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the plate body 111 when the plate body 111 is cast and manufactured.
  • the flange 1214 can increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the upper end protrusion 1213 also forms a hanging ear structure, which can also increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the outer sleeve 121 is provided on one side of the rail between the two sleepers 300 . Therefore, after the rail erection is completed, the upper end opening of the outer sleeve can still be exposed without being blocked by the rails or sleepers, thus facilitating subsequent maintenance.
  • the rubber spring 122 is disposed under the outer sleeve 121 and uses the elastic deformation of its own rubber material to absorb the vibration energy transmitted from the plate body 111 when the train is running, thereby reducing vibration and noise.
  • the upper and lower ends of the rubber spring 122 are in the shape of circular plates, and the upper and lower ends are wrapped with circular metal plates, so that the rubber spring 122 can bear force more evenly.
  • the rubber spring The middle part of 122 shrinks radially inward.
  • the thickness of the rubber spring 122 in the unstressed state ie, its initial height
  • the thickness of the rubber spring 122 in the unstressed state is 150mm-750mm.
  • the rubber spring 122 has various stiffness specifications. During the production process, the stiffness of the rubber spring 122 can be adjusted by adjusting the rubber composition and production parameters. In this embodiment, the two pairs of rubber springs 122 disposed near both ends of the track bed plate 110 have relatively higher stiffness, and the rubber springs 122 disposed in the middle of the track bed plate 110 have relatively lower stiffness. At both ends of the track bed plate 110, due to the existence of cross sections, relatively larger vibrations will be generated. Therefore, such an arrangement can achieve a more uniform vibration damping effect of the entire track bed plate 110.
  • Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring support plate in this embodiment.
  • Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring support plate from different angles in this embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is an orthographic view of the spring support plate in this embodiment.
  • the spring support plate 123 is used to provide support for the upper end of the rubber spring 122, and plays a role in supporting and load transmission for the entire track bed system.
  • the spring support plate 123 is made of metal, and its main body is generally in the shape of a circular plate and has three support plate protrusions 1231, so that the cross-sectional shape of the spring support plate 123 is consistent with the outer sleeve 121
  • the cross-section of the guide section 1211 matches.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the spring support plate 123 is basically consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the guide section 1211, and the size is slightly smaller than the shape of the inner wall of the guide section 1211.
  • the thickness of the main part of the spring support plate 123 is 25mm-30mm, and the thickness of the three support plate protrusions 1231 is thicker than the main part. Therefore, a hole for covering the upper end of the rubber spring 122 is formed on one side of the spring support plate 123. structure.
  • the spring support plate 123 is provided with three mounting holes 1232, the positions of which correspond to the three support plate protrusions 1231, respectively, for installing the connecting parts 127.
  • the connecting parts 127 are bolts and nuts.
  • Figure 10 is a three-dimensional structural view of the height-adjusting gasket in this embodiment.
  • Figure 11 is an orthographic view of the height-adjusting gasket in this embodiment.
  • the height adjustment washer 124 is used to adjust the installation height of the rubber spring 122 so that the surface height of the track bed plate 110 everywhere can comply with the design data.
  • the height-adjusting washer 124 is also made of metal, and its outer ring shape is consistent with the spring support plate 123. It has three height-adjusting plate protrusions 1241, so the description will not be repeated.
  • a substantially circular first relief hole 1242 is provided in the middle of the height-adjusting gasket 124 for allowing corresponding installation tools to extend when installing the vibration isolator.
  • the height-adjusting gasket 124 also has three radially extending first installation grooves 1243. The first installation grooves 1243 are connected with the first relief hole 1243 in the middle. direction. According to the actual required height, one or more stacked height-adjusting gaskets 124 may be used, and the thickness of the height-adjusting gaskets 124 is 2 mm to 10 mm.
  • Figure 12 is a three-dimensional structural view of the locking gasket in this embodiment.
  • Figure 13 is an orthographic view of the locking gasket in this embodiment.
  • the locking washer 125 is used to lock the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment washer 124 within the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the locking washer 125 is also made of metal, and its outer ring has the same shape as the spring support plate 123, and has three locking piece protrusions 1251, so the description will not be repeated.
  • a substantially circular second relief hole 1252 is opened in the middle of the locking gasket 125 , and its shape is consistent with the first relief hole 1242 .
  • the locking washer 125 also has three radially extending second installation grooves 1253.
  • the second installation grooves 1253 are connected with the second relief hole 1252 in the middle.
  • the locking piece protrusion 1251 is connected to the extension of the second installation groove 1253. The direction is staggered, and the extension line of the second installation groove 1253 is located between the two locking piece protrusions 1251 .
  • the thickness of the locking washer 125 is 10mm.
  • the shapes of the spring support plate 123, the height adjustment washer 124 and the locking washer 125 all match the inner wall of the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121, these plates can be put in from the upper end opening of the outer sleeve 121. , and slide downward to the support section 1212 while maintaining the angle when it is put in under the guidance of the guide section 1211, thereby facilitating installation.
  • the three first mounting slots 1242 on the height-adjusting pad 124 and the three second mounting slots 1252 on the locking pad 125 are evenly distributed, so during installation, the mounting slots and mounting holes on these three plates can form connecting piece mounting holes that run through in the vertical direction, so that connecting pieces 127 can be set to fasten these three plates on Together.
  • Fig. 14 is a top view of the open vibration isolator in this embodiment.
  • the upper cover 126 is used to cover the upper end of the outer sleeve 121 after the vibration isolator is installed to prevent dust and debris from entering and affecting the vibration isolation effect and service life of the vibration isolator.
  • the shape of the upper cover 126 is consistent with the shape of the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 121, and connector mounting holes are provided at corresponding positions, so the upper cover 126 can completely cover the outer sleeve 121
  • the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 121 is fixed on the upper end protrusion 1213 of the outer sleeve 121 through a plurality of connecting pieces.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the open-type vibration isolator in this embodiment, showing the state in which the open-type vibration isolator is installed.
  • the outer sleeve 121 is pre-embedded in the plate body 111 . Since the height of the outer sleeve 121 is consistent with the thickness of the plate body 111 , the upper and lower end openings of the outer sleeve 121 are respectively exposed from both sides of the plate body 111 . After the installation is completed, the height-adjusting gasket 124 and the three protrusions of the spring support plate 123 are respectively in contact with the three support steps 12111a.
  • the locking gasket 125 is embedded in the bottom of the guide section 1211, and the spring support plate 123, The height-adjusting gasket 124 and the locking gasket 125 are fixedly connected together through the connecting piece 127, thereby fixing the three plates inside the outer sleeve 121.
  • the rubber spring 122 is disposed below the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the upper end of the rubber spring 122 abuts the main body of the spring support plate 123 and is covered by the support plate protrusion 1231 .
  • the lower end of the rubber spring 122 abuts the base 200 .
  • the total thickness of the rubber spring 122, the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting gasket 124 is greater than the distance from the support step 12111a to the lower end of the outer sleeve 121, which makes the lower end of the rubber spring 122 located below and outside the plate body 111, that is, the plate
  • the body 111 does not directly contact the base 200, but is placed on the base 200 in point contact through a plurality of rubber springs 122.
  • the plate body 111 forms a floating plate.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the linear track bed at the limiting boss in this embodiment.
  • the linear track bed 100 is assembled by a plurality of the above-mentioned track bed plates 110 connected end to end, and the gap between two adjacent track bed plates 110 is 70 mm.
  • the limiting boss 400 is a circular columnar concrete platform, and its shape matches the limiting groove 114 .
  • the limiting bosses 400 are respectively engaged with the limiting grooves 114 on the corresponding sides of the two adjacent track bed plates 110, thereby limiting the track bed plates 110 in the horizontal direction.
  • four square lifting grooves 113 are also provided on both sides of the board body 111 in the width direction, which are used for lifting equipment to lift the track bed plate 110 during installation and construction.
  • Fig. 17 is a flow chart for installing an open vibration isolator in this embodiment.
  • the process of installing the open vibration isolator 120 of this embodiment in the track bed plate 110 specifically includes the following steps:
  • step S1 the plate body 111 with the outer sleeve 121 pre-embedded is hoisted and placed on the base 200.
  • Step S2 Measure the relative height parameter of each outer sleeve 121 through a testing instrument, and set the number and specifications of the corresponding height-adjusting gaskets 124 according to the measured relative height parameter.
  • step S3 the plate body 111 is lifted to a predetermined construction height through jacking equipment.
  • the lifting equipment is a hydraulic jack, which has four lifting ends (i.e., hydraulic heads).
  • the four lifting ends can be respectively embedded in the four lifting grooves 113 of the plate body 111, and can be installed on the industrial computer. synchronously lifting under the control of the machine, thereby smoothly lifting the plate body 111.
  • the lifting height should be such that the gap between the plate body 111 and the base 200 is greater than the total thickness of the placed rubber spring 122, spring support plate 123 and several height-adjusting pads 124, so that the rubber spring 122 is not stressed at this time, and the spring
  • the support plate 123 and the height-adjusting pad 124 are rotatably adjustable.
  • Step S4 for each outer sleeve 121, sequentially put the rubber spring 122, spring support plate 123 and height adjustment gasket 124 from the upper end opening of the outer sleeve 121, and use the adjustment tool to adjust the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment washer 124.
  • the gasket 124 is rotated at a predetermined angle so that its plurality of protrusions are located directly below the plurality of support steps 12111a.
  • the number of support steps 12111a is three and they are evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 121. Therefore, the inserted spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting gasket 124 are rotated 60 degrees by an adjusting tool. At this time, the spring The three protrusions of the support plate 123 and the height-adjusting gasket 124 are respectively located directly below the three support steps 12111a. After the plate body 111 is put down, the three protrusions are respectively in contact with the three support steps 12111a, so that Form a support structure.
  • Figure 18 is a three-dimensional structural view of the adjustment tool in this embodiment.
  • Figure 19 is an orthographic view of the adjustment tool in this embodiment.
  • the adjustment tool 600 has a T-shaped handle 601 and an adjustment head 602 connected to the other end of the handle 601.
  • the adjustment head 602 has three radially extending adjustment ends 6021.
  • the position distribution of the portion 6021 corresponds to the three installation grooves or installation holes of the spring support plate 123, the height adjustment washer 124 and the locking washer 125 respectively.
  • Bolts extending in the vertical direction are installed on the adjusting end 6021 (not shown in the figure).
  • the construction worker can hold the handle 601, extend the adjustment head 602 into the outer sleeve 121, and insert the bolts on the three adjustment ends 6021 into the three bolts of the spring support plate 123 respectively.
  • the handle 601 is then rotated horizontally, so that the spring support plate 123 can be rotated horizontally through the three adjustment ends 6021.
  • Step S5 lower the board body 111 using a lifting device.
  • each rubber spring 122 enters a stressed state, the plate body 111 floats on the base 200, and all the load of the plate body 111 is transferred to the spring support plate 123 and the rubber spring 122 through the support step 12111a of the outer sleeve 121.
  • Step S6 For each outer sleeve 121, put the locking gasket 125 from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121.
  • the locking gasket 125 slides down along the guide section 1211 to the height-adjusting gasket 124, and locks the lock gasket 125 with the bolt.
  • the tightening washer 125, the height-adjusting washer 124 and the spring support plate 123 are fastened together to prevent the height-adjusting washer 124 and the spring support plate 123 from rotating and falling off.
  • Step S7 For each outer sleeve 121, install the upper cover plate 126 on the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 121 to complete the installation of all open vibration isolators 120 to form the above-mentioned track bed plate 110.
  • the open type vibration isolator 120 since it has a penetrating outer sleeve 121 and a rubber spring 122, it can absorb the impact energy when the train is running through the rubber spring 122, and achieve the effect of vibration and noise reduction.
  • the rubber spring The stiffness of 122 is easy to adjust, so it can be applied to a variety of road sections with different vibration damping needs.
  • the outer sleeve 121 is fixedly embedded in the track bed plate 110, and the rubber spring 122 is arranged below the outer sleeve 121. Therefore, the vibration isolator of the present invention is an open vibration isolator, and the rubber spring 122 is exposed from below the track bed plate 110. , not only is it easy to install, but also the rubber spring 122 can be easily inspected from the gap between the track bed plate 110 and the base 200 after the installation is completed, which is beneficial to subsequent maintenance.
  • the open vibration isolator 120 can be easily disassembled and the rubber spring 122 replaced during subsequent maintenance.
  • the open vibration isolator 120, track bed plate 110 and linear track bed 100 of the present invention can achieve the effect of track vibration and noise reduction, and are easy to construct and easy to perform subsequent maintenance.
  • the outer rings of the spring support plate 123, the height-adjusting washer 124 and the locking washer 125 are all consistent in shape and match the shape of the inner wall of the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121, the spring support plate 123, the height-adjusting washer 124 and the locking washer 125 are all in the same shape. After the high gasket 124 and the locking gasket 125 are put in from the upper end opening of the outer sleeve 121, they can also be guided and will not deflect when falling.
  • the mounting slots and mounting holes of the 125 can be aligned to form a through-connection mounting hole, so that the three can be easily fastened together through bolts and nuts. Therefore, it not only ensures structural strength, but also facilitates quick installation. And because such a detachable structure is used instead of welding to realize the support structure, it is also more conducive to later maintenance.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121 is a triangular flange structure, with three radially inwardly protruding and evenly distributed inner barrel protrusions 12111, the spring support plate 123, the height adjustment
  • the shapes of the gasket 124 and the locking gasket 125 match the guide section 1211, so that during installation, these plates can be placed directly from the upper end opening of the outer sleeve 121, and the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting gasket 124 can be rotated. After 60 degrees, a structure can be formed that is in contact with the three support steps 12111a.
  • the guide section 1211 may also have two or more (for example, n) barrel protrusions 12111 , the plurality of barrel protrusions 12111 being evenly distributed along the circumference, the spring support plate 123 , the height-adjusting pad The shapes of the piece 124 and the locking washer 125 match it.
  • the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting washer 124 are rotated 180/n degrees to achieve the corresponding technical effect.
  • the support stability of a single vibration isolator is slightly reduced, but since multiple vibration isolators are embedded in the plate body 111, the overall support stability can still be obtained. ensure.
  • the plate body 111 is a prefabricated concrete plate.
  • the plate body 111 can also be a concrete plate cast on site. Before casting, multiple outer sleeves 121 are placed in a predetermined arrangement. Concrete is cast into the steel frame of the plate body 111 to obtain a track bed plate 110 with a plurality of outer sleeves 121 fixedly embedded therein, which can also achieve corresponding technical effects.
  • the limiting boss 400 is a circular cylindrical concrete platform, and both sides of the plate body 111 have semicircular limiting grooves 114 that match the limiting boss 400, so that the limiting boss 400 can It is engaged with two adjacent plates 111 .
  • the limiting boss 400 can also be a concrete platform of other shapes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a rectangular parallelepiped with a leading angle, and the limiting groove 114 has a matching shape, and corresponding technologies can also be implemented. Effect.

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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供一种开放型隔振器，包括贯通的预埋外套筒、设置在外套筒下方的橡胶弹簧、弹簧支撑板、调高垫片和锁紧垫片，因此能够通过橡胶弹簧吸收列车运行时的冲击能量，实现减振降噪的效果，橡胶弹簧的刚度易于调节，因此可适用于多种具有不同减振需要的路段。特别地，外套筒固定嵌设在道床板中，橡胶弹簧设置在外套筒下方，因此，本发明的隔振器为开放型隔振器，橡胶弹簧从道床板下方露出，不仅便于安装，在安装完成后也可以从道床板和基底之间的间隙方便地对橡胶弹簧进行检查，有利于后续维护。

Description

开放型隔振器 技术领域
本发明属于轨道减振降噪技术领域，具体涉及一种开放型隔振器。
背景技术
列车在轨道上运行时，其运行时的冲击能量会导致轨道产生严重的振动及噪声，严重影响列车上的乘客的乘坐体验，也会影响轨道周边居民的生活质量。同时，轨道交通本身的稳定性、安全性以及使用寿命也会受到影响。因此，就必须有能够有效减振降噪的技术和产品，以提高结构的稳定，保证轨道线路运行的安全。
现有技术中，部分道床采用减振垫或多个钢弹簧，以隔断轨道结构与基底结构之间的刚性联结，吸收列车运行所产生的冲击能量，虽然能够达到一定的减振降噪效果，但仍存在多个问题：对于采用减振垫的道床，通常减振垫采用满铺的形式，这使得整个减振体系的刚度仍较大，系统频率较近高，因此减振效果有限，且满铺的减振垫也给排水等造成了困难，此外，减振垫通常通过二次加工(如铆钉、粘贴)的方式固定于预制板上，其工序复杂，导致施工时间长；对于采用钢弹簧的道床，同样工序复杂、施工时间长，且施工工人劳动强度大，钢弹簧的刚度也不易调整，因此适用范围较窄。
因此，为解决上述问题，需要一种便于安装、施工时间更短且易于调节弹簧刚度的新型隔振器。
发明内容
本发明是为解决上述问题而进行的，目的在于提供一种便于安装维护、且便于调整弹簧刚度的隔振器，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种开放型隔振器，设置在道床板中，其特征在于，包括：外套筒，沿其长度方向贯通，固定嵌设在所述道床板中；橡胶弹簧，设置在所述外套筒下方；调高垫片，设置在所述橡胶弹簧上方；弹簧支撑板，设置在所述调高垫片和所述橡胶弹簧之间；以及锁紧垫片，嵌合在所述外套筒中，并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹簧支撑板固定在一起，其中，所述外套筒的内壁具有n个径向凸起的筒内凸起部，n≥2，所述弹簧支撑板、所述调高垫片和所述锁紧垫片均具有n个凸起部，其外轮廓形状与所述筒内凸起部处的所述外套筒的内壁形状相匹配。
本发明提供的开放型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，n个所述筒内凸起部沿所述外套筒的中心轴线均匀分布，且均沿所述外套筒的长度方向延伸，所述筒内凸起部的一端位于所述外套筒内部，从而在所述外套筒内部形成支撑台阶，所述弹簧支撑板设置在所述外套筒内所述筒内凸起部的一端的下方，且n个所述支撑板凸起部分别与n个所述支撑台阶相抵接。
本发明提供的开放型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述筒内凸起部的另一端延伸至所述外套筒的上端，从而能够在安装时对所述弹簧支撑板、所述调高垫片以及所述锁紧垫片起到导向作用。
本发明提供的开放型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述调高垫片的中部开设有第一让位孔以及与所述第一让位孔连通的n个第一安装槽，所述调高垫片的凸起部在所述第一安装槽的延伸方向上，所述锁紧垫片的中部开设有第二让位孔以及与所述第二让位孔连通的n个第二安装槽，所述锁紧垫片的凸起部与所述第二安装槽的延伸方向错开，所述弹簧支撑板具有n个安装孔，当所述弹簧支撑板和所述调高垫片的n个凸起部分别与n个所述支撑台阶相抵接时，n个所述第一安装槽、n个所述第二安装槽以及n个所述安装孔分别形成贯通的n个连接件安装孔。
本发明提供的开放型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述橡胶弹簧、所述弹簧支撑板和所述调高垫片的总厚度大于所述支撑台阶到所述外套筒下端的距离，所述橡胶弹簧的厚度为150mm～750mm，所述弹簧支撑板的厚度为25mm～30mm，所述调高垫片的厚度为2mm～10mm，所述调高垫片的数量为一个或多个。
本发明提供的开放型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述橡胶弹簧的上端及下端均呈圆形板体状，且所述上端及所述下端中均包裹有圆形金属板，所述橡胶弹簧的中部径向向内收缩，所述支撑板凸起部的厚度大于所述弹簧支撑板中部的厚度，从而形成能够包覆所述橡胶弹簧的上端的结构。
本发明提供的开放型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述外套筒为预埋型外套筒，预埋在所述道床板中，所述外套筒的下端具有一圈凸缘。
本发明提供的开放型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，还包括：上盖板，设置在所述外套筒的上端，其中，所述外套筒的上端具有多个径向向外凸出的上端凸起部，所述上盖板的形状与所述外套筒的上端面的形状相匹配，所述上盖板通过连接件固定安装在多个所述上端凸起部上。
发明作用与效果
根据本发明的开放型隔振器，由于具有贯通的外套筒以及橡胶弹簧，因此能够通过橡胶弹簧吸收列车运行时的冲击能量，实现减振降噪的效果，橡胶弹簧的刚度易于调节，因此可适用于多种具有不同减振需要的路段。特别地，外套筒固定嵌设在道床板中，橡胶弹簧设置在外套筒下方，因此，本发明的隔振器为开放型隔振器，橡胶弹簧从道床板下方露出，不仅便于安装，在安装完成后也可以从道床板和基底之间的间隙方便地对橡胶弹簧进行检查，有利于后续维护。
进一步，由于还具有弹簧支撑板、调高垫片以及锁紧垫片，在安装时，只需依次将橡胶弹簧、弹簧支撑板、调高垫片和锁紧垫片从外套筒的上端开口放入，并转动弹簧支撑板和调高垫片，使其与外套筒内的多个筒内凸起部形成支撑结构，再通过连接件固定即可完成隔振器的安装，因此，施工方便，施工时间更短。同样地，后续维护时也可方便地拆装该隔振器，更换橡胶弹簧。综上所述，本发明的开放型隔振器、道床板及直线型道床能够实现轨道减振降噪的效果，且易于施工，易于进行后续维护。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中直线型道床的平面结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例中直线型道床在隔振器位置的剖视图；
图3是本发明实施例中开放型隔振器的结构分解图；
图4是本发明实施例中外套筒的立体结构图；
图5是本发明实施例中外套筒不同角度的立体结构图；
图6是本发明实施例中外套筒上端面的正投影图；
图7是本发明实施例中弹簧支撑板的立体结构图；
图8是本发明实施例中弹簧支撑板不同角度的立体结构图；
图9是本发明实施例中弹簧支撑板的正投影图；
图10是本发明实施例中调高垫片的立体结构图；
图11是本发明实施例中调高垫片的正投影图；
图12是本发明实施例中锁紧垫片的立体结构图；
图13是本发明实施例中锁紧垫片的正投影图；
图14是本发明实施例中开放型隔振器的俯视图；
图15是本发明实施例中开放型隔振器的剖视图；
图16是本发明实施例中直线型道床在限位凸台处的剖视图；
图17是本发明实施例中安装开放型隔振器的流程图；
图18是本发明实施例中调节工具的立体结构图；
图19是本发明实施例中调节工具的正投影图。
附图标记：
直线型道床100；道床板110；板体111；顶升凹槽113；限位凹槽114；开放型隔振器120；外套筒121；导向段1211；筒内凸起部12111；支撑台阶12111a；支撑段1212；上端凸起部1213；凸缘1214；橡胶弹簧122；弹簧支撑板123；支撑板凸起部1231；安装孔1232；调高垫片124；调高片凸起部1241；第一让位孔1242；第一安装槽1243；锁紧垫片125；锁紧片凸起部1251；第二让位孔1252；第二安装槽1253；上盖板126；连接件127；基底200；轨枕300；限位凸台400；调节工具600；把手601；调节头602；调节端部6021。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，以下结合实施例及附图对本发明的开放型隔振器、道床板以及直线型道床作具体阐述。
<实施例>
图1是本实施例中直线型道床的平面结构示意图。
如图1所示，本实施例提供一种直线型道床100，用于载置直线型钢轨，直线型道床100由多个首尾相接的道床板110组装成。
图2是本实施例中道床板在隔振器位置的剖视图，其中，为清楚说明整理的结构组成，省略了部分细小的结构。
如图1-2所示，道床板110设置在基底200上，道床板110包括板体111以及的复数个开放型隔振器120，其中，板体111为混凝土预制板，开放型隔振器120以两个一组的方式嵌设在板体111中，一组的两个开放型隔振器120分别位于靠近两条钢轨的位置。
本实施例中，道床板110的尺寸为4690mm×3000mm×411mm(长×宽×厚)，在道床板110上，沿其长度方向间隔均匀地设置有八对轨枕300，相邻两个轨枕300之间的间距为595mm，本实施例中，轨枕300为混凝土短轨枕，直线型钢轨载置在轨枕300上。
一块道床板110中设置有3-5对开放型隔振器120。由于道床板110可设置在轨道中不同条件的路段处，因此，可根据路段的实际情况及相应的减振需要来设置道床板110中的开放型隔振器120的数量及分布。以等间距地设置3对为例，相邻两对开放型隔振器120之间的间距为1785mm。
图3是本实施例中开放型隔振器的结构分解图。
如图3所示，开放型隔振器120包括外套筒121、橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124、锁紧垫片125、上盖板126以及多个连接件127。
图4是本实施例中外套筒的立体结构图。
图5是本实施例中外套筒不同角度的立体结构图。
如图3-5所示，外套筒121由金属(铸铁)材质制成，其整体为贯通式筒状结构，整体高度(即外套筒121的长度)与板体111的厚度一致。外套筒121沿其长度方向可分为位于上部的导向段1211和位于下部的支撑段1212。
导向段1211用于在安装时放入弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124、锁紧垫片125，并在这些板片滑落时起到导向作用。导向段1211的截面形状为三角凸缘结构，形成有三个径向向筒内凸起、呈台阶状的筒内凸起部12111，三个筒内凸起部12111沿外套筒121的中心轴线 均匀分布。
具体地，筒内凸起部12111沿外套筒121的长度方向延伸，一端延伸至外套筒121的上端，另一端位于外套筒121内部靠下的位置。支撑段1212呈圆形筒状，因此筒内凸起部12111的另一端和支撑段1212形成支撑台阶12111a，用于为橡胶弹簧122提供支撑作用。此外，筒内凸起部12111的与外套筒121的中心轴线平行的一个面具有一定的弧度。
图6是本实施例中外套筒上端面的正投影图。
如图4、6所示，外套筒121的上端具有三个径向向外凸起的上端凸起部1213，用于承托及连接上盖板126。上端凸起部1213也沿外套筒121的中心轴线均匀分布，上端凸起部1213上开设有上盖板连接孔。
如图5所示，外筒套121的下端具有一圈向外凸起的凸缘1214，形成裙边状结构。本实施例的外套筒121为预埋型外套筒，在浇铸制造板体111时预埋在板体111中。凸缘1214能够增加外套筒121的附着力和承载力。同时，上端凸起部1213也形成挂耳结构，同样能够增加外套筒121的附着力和承载力。
此外，如图1所示，外套筒121设置在钢轨的一侧、两个轨枕300之间。因此，在钢轨架设完成后，外套筒的上端开口仍可露出，不受钢轨或轨枕的遮挡，从而便于进行后续维护。
橡胶弹簧122设置在外套筒121下方，利用自身橡胶材质的弹性变形作用吸收列车运行时从板体111传递的振动能量，起到减振降噪的作用。如图5所示，橡胶弹簧122的上端及下端都呈圆形板体状，且上端及下端中都包裹有圆形的金属板，从而使得橡胶弹簧122能够更为均匀地受力，橡胶弹簧122的中部径向向内收缩。橡胶弹簧122在不受力状态下的厚度(即其初始高度)为150mm-750mm。
此外，橡胶弹簧122具有多种刚度规格。在生产过程中，通过调节橡胶的成分及生产参数，即可调节橡胶弹簧122的刚度。本实施例中，设置在靠近道床板110两端的两对橡胶弹簧122具有相对更高的刚度，设置在道床板110中部的橡胶弹簧122具有相对更低的刚度。在道床板110的两端，由于断面的存在，会产生相对更大的振动，因此，这样的设置能够使整块道床板110达到更均匀的减振效果。
图7是本实施例中弹簧支撑板的立体结构图。
图8是本实施例中弹簧支撑板不同角度的立体结构图。
图9是本实施例中弹簧支撑板的正投影图。
弹簧支撑板123用于为橡胶弹簧122的上端提供支撑，对整个道床系统起到支撑和载荷传递的作用。如图7-9所示，弹簧支撑板123为金属材质，其主体部分大致呈圆形板状，并具有三个支撑板凸起部1231，使得弹簧支撑板123的截面形状与外套筒121的导向段1211的截面相匹配，具体地，弹簧支撑板123的截面形状与导向段1211内壁的形状基本一致，且尺寸略小于导向段1211内壁的形状。弹簧支撑板123的主体部分的厚度为25mm-30mm，三个支撑板凸起部1231的厚度比主体部分更厚，因此在弹簧支撑板123的一侧形成用于包覆橡胶弹簧122的上端的结构。此外，弹簧支撑板123上开设有三个安装孔1232，其位置分别与三个支撑板凸起部1231相对应，用于安装连接件127，本实施例中，该连接件127为螺栓及螺母。
图10是本实施例中调高垫片的立体结构图。
图11是本实施例中调高垫片的正投影图。
调高垫片124用于调节橡胶弹簧122的安装高度，从而使道床板110各处的表面高度都能够符合设计数据。如图10-11所示，调高垫片124也为金属材质，其外圈形状与弹簧支撑板123一致，具有三个调高片凸起部1241，因此不再重复说明。在调高垫片124的中部开设有大致呈圆形的第一让位孔1242，用于在安装隔振器时供相应的安装工具伸入。调高垫片124还具有三个径向延伸的第一安装槽1243，第一安装槽1243与中部的第一让位孔1243 连通，调高片凸起部1241在第一安装槽1243的延伸方向上。根据实际所需的高度，可采用一个或多个层叠的调高垫片124，调高垫片124的厚度为2mm-10mm。
图12是本实施例中锁紧垫片的立体结构图。
图13是本实施例中锁紧垫片的正投影图。
锁紧垫片125用于将弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124锁紧在外套筒121内。如图12-13所示，锁紧垫片125也为金属材质，其外圈形状与弹簧支撑板123一致，具有三个锁紧片凸起部1251，因此不再重复说明。在锁紧垫片125的中部开设有大致呈圆形的第二让位孔1252，其形状与第一让位孔1242一致。锁紧垫片125还具有三个径向延伸的第二安装槽1253，第二安装槽1253与中部的第二让位孔1252连通，锁紧片凸起部1251与第二安装槽1253的延伸方向错开，第二安装槽1253的延长线位于两个锁紧片凸起部1251之间。锁紧垫片125的厚度为10mm。
由于弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125的形状均与外套筒121的导向段1211的内壁相匹配，因此这些板片都可以从外套筒121的上端开口放入，并在导向段1211的导向作用下保持放入时的角度向下滑动至支撑段1212，从而便于安装。
此外，如图3所示，由于弹簧支撑板123上的三个安装孔1232、调高垫片124上的三个第一安装槽1242以及锁紧垫片125上的三个第二安装槽1252的分布均一致，因此在安装时，这三个板片上的安装槽、安装孔能够形成沿竖直方向贯通的连接件安装孔，从而能够设置连接件127，将这三个板片紧固在一起。
图14是本实施例中开放型隔振器的俯视图。
上盖板126用于在隔振器安装完成后覆盖住外套筒121的上端，避免灰尘、杂物进入而影响隔振器的隔振效果及使用寿命。如图3、14所示，上盖板126的形状与外套筒121的上端面形状一致，并在对应的位置开设有连接件安装孔，因此上盖板126能够完全覆盖住外套筒121的上端面，并通过多个连接件固定在外套筒121的上端凸起部1213上。
图15是本实施例中开放型隔振器的剖视图，该图示出了开放型隔振器安装完成的状态。
如图15所示，外套筒121预埋在板体111中，由于外套筒121的高度与板体111的厚度一致，外套筒121的上下端开口分别从板体111两侧露出。安装完成后，调高垫片124和弹簧支撑板123的三个凸起部分别与三个支撑台阶12111a相抵接，锁紧垫片125嵌合在导向段1211的底部，且弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124和锁紧垫片125通过连接件127固定连接在一起，从而将这三个板片固定在外套筒121内部。橡胶弹簧122设置在外套筒121下方，橡胶弹簧122的上端与弹簧支撑板123的主体部分相抵接，并被支撑板凸起部1231包覆住，橡胶弹簧122的下端与基底200相抵接。
此外，橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124的总厚度大于支撑台阶12111a到外套筒121下端的距离，这使得橡胶弹簧122的下端位于板体111下方外侧，也即使得板体111不直接与基底200接触，而是通过复数个橡胶弹簧122以点接触的方式载置在基底200上，板体111即形成浮置板的形式。
图16是本实施例中直线型道床在限位凸台处的剖视图。
如图1、16所示，直线型道床100由多块上述道床板110首尾相接组装而成，相邻两块道床板110之间的间隙为70mm。在板体111的长度方向的两侧还分别具有半圆形的限位凹槽114，用于在组装时设置限位凸台400。限位凸台400为圆形柱状的混凝土台，其形状与限位凹槽114相匹配。在组装时，限位凸台400分别与相邻的两块道床板110对应侧的限位凹槽114相卡合，从而在水平方向上对道床板110起到限位作用。
此外，在板体111的宽度方向的两侧还开设有四个方形的顶升凹槽113，用于在安装施工时供顶升设备将道床板110顶升起。
图17是本实施例中安装开放型隔振器的流程图。
如图17所示，在轨道施工中，在道床板110中安装本实施例的开放型隔振器120的流程具体包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，将预埋有外套筒121的板体111吊装放置到基底200上。
步骤S2，通过测试仪器测量每个外套筒121的相对高度参数，并根据测得的相对高度参数设置对应的调高垫片124的数量及规格。
步骤S3，通过顶升设备将板体111顶升至预定的施工高度。
本实施例中，顶升设备为液压千斤顶，其具有四个顶升端(即液压头)，四个顶升端可分别嵌入板体111的四个顶升凹槽113中，并在工控机的控制下同步顶升，从而平稳地将板体111顶升起。
顶升高度应使得板体111与基底200之间的间隙大于放入的橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123以及若干个调高垫片124的总厚度，使得此时橡胶弹簧122不受力，弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124可旋转调节。
步骤S4，对每个外套筒121，依次将橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124从外套筒121的上端开口放入，并通过调节工具将弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124转动预定的角度，使其多个凸起部分别位于多个支撑台阶12111a的正下方。
本实施例中，支撑台阶12111a的数量为三个且沿外套筒121的中心轴线均匀分布，因此通过调节工具将放入的弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124转动60度，此时弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124的三个凸起部分别位于三个支撑台阶12111a的正下方，在板体111放下后，三个凸起部就分别与三个支撑台阶12111a相抵接，从而形成支撑结构。
图18是本实施例中调节工具的立体结构图。
图19是本实施例中调节工具的正投影图。
如图18-19所示，调节工具600具有呈T字形的把手601以及连接在把手601另一端的调节头602，调节头602具有三个径向延伸出的调节端部6021，三个调节端部6021位置分布分别对应于弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125的三个安装槽或安装孔。在调节端部6021上安装有沿竖直方向延伸的螺栓(图中未示出)。
因此，以弹簧支撑板123为例，施工人员可以握住把手601，将调节头602伸入外套筒121内，并使三个调节端部6021上的螺栓分别嵌入弹簧支撑板123的三个安装孔1231中，随后水平转动把手601，就能够通过三个调节端部6021使弹簧支撑板123水平转动。
步骤S5，通过顶升设备将板体111放下。
此时，各个橡胶弹簧122进入受力状态，板体111浮置在基底200上，板体111的所有载荷通过外套筒121的支撑台阶12111a传递给弹簧支撑板123和橡胶弹簧122。
步骤S6，对每个外套筒121，将锁紧垫片125从外套筒121上端开口放入，锁紧垫片125沿导向段1211滑落至调高垫片124上，并通过螺栓将锁紧垫片125、调高垫片124和弹簧支撑板123紧固在一起，从而防止调高垫片124和弹簧支撑板123转动脱落。
步骤S7，对每个外套筒121，在外套筒121的上端面安装上盖板126，完成所有开放型隔振器120的安装，形成上述的道床板110。
实施例作用与效果
根据本实施例提供的开放型隔振器120，由于具有贯通的外套筒121以及橡胶弹簧122，因此能够通过橡胶弹簧122吸收列车运行时的冲击能量，实现减振降噪的效果，橡胶弹簧122的刚度易于调节，因此可适用于多种具有不同减振需要的路段。特别地，外套筒121固定嵌设在道床板110中，橡胶弹簧122设置在外套筒121下方，因此，本发明的隔振器为开放型隔振器，橡胶弹簧122从道床板110下方露出，不仅便于安装，在安装完成后也可以从道床板110和基底200之间的间隙方便地对橡胶弹簧122进行检查，有利于后续维护。
进一步，由于还具有弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125，在安装时，只需依次将橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124和锁紧垫片125从外套筒121的上端开口放入，并将弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124转动预定的角度，使其与外套筒121内的筒内凸起部12111形成支撑结构，再通过连接件固定即可完成隔振器的安装，因此，施工方便，施工时间更短，工人的劳动强度更低。同样地，后续维护时也可方便地拆装该开放型隔振器120，更换橡胶弹簧122。综上所述，本发明的开放型隔振器120、道床板110及直线型道床100能够实现轨道减振降噪的效果，且易于施工，易于进行后续维护。
进一步，由于弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125的外圈形状均一致，且与外套筒121的导向段1211内壁的形状相匹配，因此，弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125从外套筒121的上端开口放入后，还能够受到导向作用，在下落时不会发生偏转等。在依次放入弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125，并转动弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124后，弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125的安装槽和安装孔能够对齐形成贯通的连接件安装孔，从而能够方便地通过螺栓和螺母将三者紧固在一起，因此，不仅能够保证结构强度，还有利于进行快速安装。且由于采用这样可拆卸的结构，而非焊接等方式来实现支撑结构，因此也更有利于后期维护。
上述实施例仅用于举例说明本发明的具体实施方式，而本发明不限于上述实施例的描述范围。
在上述实施例中，外套筒121的导向段1211的截面形状为三角凸缘结构，具有三个径向向内凸起且均匀分布的筒内凸起部12111，弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125的形状与导向段1211相匹配，从而在安装时能够直接从外套筒121的上端开口放入这些板片，将弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124转动60度后，就可以形成与三个支撑台阶12111a均相抵接的结构。在替代方案中，导向段1211也可以具有2个或者更多个(例如n个)筒内凸起部12111，多个筒内凸起部12111沿圆周均匀分布，弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125的形状与之相匹配，在安装时将弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124转动180/n度，也能实现相应的技术效果。在具有2个筒内凸起部12111的情况下，单个隔振器中的支撑稳定性略有下降，但由于板体111中嵌设有多个隔振器，整体的支撑稳定性仍能得到保证。
在上述实施例中，板体111为混凝土预制板，在替代方案中，板体111也可以为现场浇铸的混凝土板，在进行浇铸之前，先将多个外套筒121按预定排布放置到板体111的钢筋框架之中，再进行混凝土浇铸，从而得到固定嵌设有复数个外套筒121的道床板110，也能实现相应的技术效果。
在上述实施例中，限位凸台400为圆形柱状混凝土台，板体111的两侧具有与限位凸台400相匹配的半圆状的限位凹槽114，从而限位凸台400能够与相邻两个板体111相卡合。在替代方案中，限位凸台400也可以为其他形状的混凝土台，例如为长方体状或具有导角的长方体状，限位凹槽114为与之相匹配的形状，也能实现相应的技术效果。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种开放型隔振器，设置在道床板中，其特征在于，包括：
    外套筒，沿其长度方向贯通，固定嵌设在所述道床板中；
    橡胶弹簧，设置在所述外套筒下方；
    调高垫片，设置在所述橡胶弹簧上方；
    弹簧支撑板，设置在所述调高垫片和所述橡胶弹簧之间；以及
    锁紧垫片，嵌合在所述外套筒中，并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹簧支撑板固定在一起，
    其中，所述外套筒的内壁具有n个径向凸起的筒内凸起部，n≥2，
    所述弹簧支撑板、所述调高垫片和所述锁紧垫片均具有n个凸起部，其外轮廓形状与所述筒内凸起部处的所述外套筒的内壁形状相匹配。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的开放型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，n个所述筒内凸起部沿所述外套筒的中心轴线均匀分布，且均沿所述外套筒的长度方向延伸，
    所述筒内凸起部的一端位于所述外套筒内部，从而在所述外套筒内部形成支撑台阶，
    所述弹簧支撑板设置在所述外套筒内所述筒内凸起部的一端的下方，且n个所述支撑板凸起部分别与n个所述支撑台阶相抵接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的开放型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述筒内凸起部的另一端延伸至所述外套筒的上端，从而 能够在安装时对所述弹簧支撑板、所述调高垫片以及所述锁紧垫片起到导向作用。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的开放型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述调高垫片的中部开设有第一让位孔以及与所述第一让位孔连通的n个第一安装槽，所述调高垫片的凸起部在所述第一安装槽的延伸方向上，
    所述锁紧垫片的中部开设有第二让位孔以及与所述第二让位孔连通的n个第二安装槽，所述锁紧垫片的凸起部与所述第二安装槽的延伸方向错开，
    所述弹簧支撑板具有n个安装孔，
    当所述弹簧支撑板和所述调高垫片的n个凸起部分别与n个所述支撑台阶相抵接时，n个所述第一安装槽、n个所述第二安装槽以及n个所述安装孔分别形成贯通的n个连接件安装孔。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的开放型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述橡胶弹簧、所述弹簧支撑板和所述调高垫片的总厚度大于所述支撑台阶到所述外套筒下端的距离，
    所述橡胶弹簧的厚度为150mm～750mm，
    所述弹簧支撑板的厚度为25mm～30mm，
    所述调高垫片的厚度为2mm～10mm，所述调高垫片的数量为一个或多个。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的开放型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述橡胶弹簧的上端及下端均呈圆形板体状，且所述上端及所述下端中均包裹有圆形金属板，
    所述橡胶弹簧的中部径向向内收缩，
    所述支撑板凸起部的厚度大于所述弹簧支撑板中部的厚度，从而形成能够包覆所述橡胶弹簧的上端的结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的开放型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述外套筒为预埋型外套筒，预埋在所述道床板中，
    所述外套筒的下端具有一圈凸缘。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的开放型隔振器，其特征在于，还包括：
    上盖板，设置在所述外套筒的上端，
    其中，所述外套筒的上端具有多个径向向外凸出的上端凸起部，
    所述上盖板的形状与所述外套筒的上端面的形状相匹配，
    所述上盖板通过连接件固定安装在多个所述上端凸起部上。
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CN112111996A (zh) * 2020-09-24 2020-12-22 北京京港地铁有限公司 一种运用摩擦弹簧进行减震的浮置板道床
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