WO2024021393A1 - 叠加型隔振器 - Google Patents

叠加型隔振器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021393A1
WO2024021393A1 PCT/CN2022/133900 CN2022133900W WO2024021393A1 WO 2024021393 A1 WO2024021393 A1 WO 2024021393A1 CN 2022133900 W CN2022133900 W CN 2022133900W WO 2024021393 A1 WO2024021393 A1 WO 2024021393A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spring
elastic element
vibration isolator
rubber
stacked
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/133900
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
厉敏辉
王博
郑靖宇
宋婷婷
许孔斌
Original Assignee
浙江天铁实业股份有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江天铁实业股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江天铁实业股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024021393A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024021393A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
    • E01B19/003—Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of track vibration and noise reduction, and specifically relates to a superposed vibration isolator.
  • some track beds use vibration-absorbing pads or multiple steel springs. Although they can achieve a certain effect of vibration and noise reduction, there are still complex processes, long construction time, and difficulties in water and drainage installation due to the fully paved vibration-damping pads. and many other issues. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, some track beds began to adopt the form of floating plates combined with rubber spring isolators. Rubber springs have the characteristics of corrosion, high toughness and strength, good elastic performance, good vibration damping performance, fatigue and durability, forming The track structure is a medium-level form of vibration reduction.
  • the present invention is carried out to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a superimposed vibration isolator with multiple redundancies, wider adaptability in size and stiffness, and suitable for more various working conditions.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the invention provides a superposed vibration isolator, which is arranged in the track bed plate. It is characterized in that it includes: an outer sleeve, which penetrates along its length direction and is fixedly embedded in the track bed plate; and an elastic element, which is arranged in the track bed plate. Below the outer sleeve; a height-adjusting gasket is provided above the elastic element; and a locking gasket is embedded in the outer sleeve and connected to the height-adjusting gasket and the elastic element through a connecting piece.
  • the elastic element includes: a support tube; a support base; at least two rubber springs, which are arranged inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of the support tube and the support base, and are vertically stacked; And several spring connection components, respectively arranged between two adjacent rubber springs, are used to connect multiple rubber springs into one body.
  • the inner wall of the outer sleeve has n radially protruding sleeves. Inner convex portion, n ⁇ 2, the height-adjusting gasket, the locking gasket and the upper end of the support tube all have n convex portions, and their outer contour shapes are all the same as those of the inner convex portion of the cylinder.
  • the shape of the inner wall of the outer sleeve matches.
  • the superposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the spring connection assembly includes: a spring connection piece with a pair of fitting grooves arranged oppositely, and the shape of the fitting groove is the same as that of the fitting groove.
  • the ends of the rubber springs match; and a plurality of connector fixing pieces are installed on the spring connector, the ends of which extend toward the fitting groove, and the opposite ends of the two rubber springs are respectively It is fitted into a pair of said fitting grooves and is buckled by the end of the extended connecting piece fixing piece.
  • the stacked vibration isolator provided by the present invention can also have the following technical features, wherein both ends of the rubber spring are in the shape of circular plates, and the middle part is radially concave, and the spring connecting member includes: a peripheral portion, Annular; and a disk body formed in the ring of the peripheral portion, thereby forming a pair of fitting grooves on both sides of the disk body, and a plurality of fixing piece mounting grooves are provided on the peripheral portion, along the The circumference of the peripheral portion is evenly distributed, and the connecting piece fixing piece is fitted and fixed in the fixing piece installation groove.
  • the superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the inner wall of the support base has a circle of limiter installation grooves, and the elastic element also includes a spring limiter assembly, which includes: a top a limiter, used to engage and fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring in the support tube; and a bottom limiter, fitted in the limiter installation groove and protruding outward, for The lower end of the lowermost rubber spring is clamped and fixed in the support base.
  • a spring limiter assembly which includes: a top a limiter, used to engage and fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring in the support tube; and a bottom limiter, fitted in the limiter installation groove and protruding outward, for The lower end of the lowermost rubber spring is clamped and fixed in the support base.
  • the superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the top limiting member is an arc-shaped metal piece with an L-shaped cross-section, and the number is at least two, and the bottom limiting member is an arc-shaped metal piece.
  • the part is a circlip.
  • the superposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the support tube is provided with a plurality of latch holes, and the spring limiting assembly further includes a plurality of limiting pins, respectively embedded into the latch hole, and press the top stopper toward the upper end of the rubber spring.
  • the superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein a support plate is provided in the middle of the support tube, a positioning post mounting hole is provided in the middle of the support plate, and the spring connector There is a positioning post installation groove in the middle, and one end of the rubber spring has a positioning post embedding groove.
  • the spring limit assembly also includes a plurality of positioning posts for laterally limiting the rubber spring. One of the positioning posts At the same time, it passes through the positioning post mounting hole of the support plate and the positioning post embedding groove of the uppermost rubber spring, and the remaining positioning posts are installed through the positioning post of the spring connector at the same time. Groove and other grooves of the positioning post of the rubber spring.
  • the stacked vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the thickness of the height-adjusting gasket is 2 mm to 10 mm, and the number is one or more.
  • a plurality of rubber springs are used.
  • the plurality of rubber springs are connected through a spring connection assembly, and both ends are respectively limited and fixed in the lower part of the support tube and in the support base through spring limit assemblies.
  • the elastic element contains multiple vertically stacked rubber springs, its stiffness can be adjusted in a wide range, and the overall height of the vibration isolator can be adjusted in a wide range, making it suitable for a variety of different working conditions.
  • the elastic element can be pre-assembled, and its assembly is simple and convenient. During track construction, the elastic element only needs to be installed as an integral element, which is beneficial to reducing construction time and improving construction efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a linear track bed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the linear track bed at the position of the vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an exploded structural view of the stacked vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural view of the locking gasket in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an orthographic view of the locking gasket in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural view of the height-adjusting gasket in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is an orthographic view of the height-adjusting gasket in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded structural view of the elastic element in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a three-dimensional structural view of the support tube in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the support tube in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a three-dimensional structural view of the support base in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring connector in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the spring connector in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is an enlarged view of the portion within frame A in Figure 3;
  • Figure 16 is a three-dimensional structural view of the top limiting member in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the top limiting member in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a flow chart for installing elastic elements in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the linear track bed at the position of the limiting boss in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a flow chart for installing a stacked vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a three-dimensional structural view of the adjustment tool in this embodiment.
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the linear track bed in this embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the linear track bed at the position of the vibration isolator in this embodiment.
  • Figure 2 only illustrates the position distribution of the vibration isolator in the track bed plate.
  • the vibration isolator in it is a schematic diagram and does not represent its actual structure.
  • the linear track bed 100 is composed of a plurality of track bed plates 110 connected at the track ends.
  • the track bed plate 110 is provided on the base 200 and includes a plate body 111 and a plurality of stacked vibration isolators 150 .
  • the plate body 111 is a concrete prefabricated plate, and the superimposed vibration isolators 150 are embedded in the plate body 111 in a group of two.
  • the two superimposed vibration isolators 150 in a group are respectively located close to the two rails. .
  • the size of the track bed board 110 is 4690mm ⁇ 3000mm ⁇ 411mm, (length ⁇ width ⁇ thickness).
  • eight pairs of sleepers 112 are evenly spaced along its length direction. Two pairs of sleepers are adjacent to each other. The distance between the sleepers 112 is 595 mm.
  • the sleepers 112 are short concrete sleepers, and the linear rails are placed on the sleepers 112 .
  • a track bed plate 110 is provided with 3 to 5 pairs of superimposed vibration isolators 150 . Since the track bed plate 110 can be installed at road sections with different conditions in the track, the number and distribution of the superimposed vibration isolators 150 in the track bed plate 110 can be set according to the actual conditions of each road section and the corresponding vibration reduction needs. Taking three pairs equally spaced as an example, the distance between two adjacent pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150 is 1785mm.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the structure of the stacked vibration isolator in this embodiment.
  • the stacked vibration isolator 150 includes an outer sleeve 151 , a locking washer 152 , a height-adjusting washer 153 and an elastic element 154 .
  • the outer sleeve 151 is made of metal material and has a through-type circular cylindrical structure.
  • the overall height (that is, the length of the outer sleeve 151) is consistent with the thickness of the plate body 111. Therefore, the openings at both ends are opened from both sides of the plate body 111. exposed.
  • the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 has two sets of inner-sleeve protrusions 1511 , each group includes three, and the three in one set are distributed at the same height inside the sleeve and evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 151 . And the two groups of inner protrusions 1511 are aligned in the vertical direction. That is to say, two circles of step-like structures are formed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151, of which the upper one is the lifting step 1512 and the lower one is the supporting step 1513.
  • the outer sleeve 151 is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is embedded in the concrete slab 111 when the concrete slab 111 is cast.
  • two pairs of fixing pins 1514 are provided outside the outer sleeve 151.
  • the two pairs of fixing pins 1514 is arranged at different heights on the outer sleeve 151, and the extending directions are perpendicular to each other, that is, arranged in a cross, for binding and fixing in reinforced concrete slabs; the lower end of the outer sleeve 151 has a circle of outwardly protruding flange 1515 , forming a skirt structure to increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the embedded outer sleeve.
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural view of the locking gasket in this embodiment.
  • Figure 5 is an orthographic view of the locking gasket in this embodiment.
  • the locking washer 152 is used to lock the height-adjusting washer 153 and the elastic element 154 in the outer sleeve 151.
  • the locking washer 152 is a sheet-shaped piece of metal material with three arc-shaped protrusions of the locking piece 1521, so that the shape of the locking washer 152 is consistent with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 at the lifting step 1512.
  • Matching, specifically, the shape of the locking gasket 152 is basically consistent with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 at the lifting step 1512, and the size is slightly smaller than the inner wall here.
  • a first relief hole 1522 is provided in the middle of the locking washer 152 for allowing corresponding installation tools to extend when installing the vibration isolator.
  • the locking washer 152 also has three radially extending first installation grooves 1523, all of which are connected to the first relief hole 1522 in the middle for installing connectors.
  • the extension directions of the locking piece protrusions 1521 and the first installation groove 1523 are staggered, and the extension line of the first installation groove 1523 is located between the two locking piece protrusions 1521 .
  • the thickness of the locking washer 152 is 10 mm.
  • Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural view of the height-adjusting gasket in this embodiment.
  • Figure 7 is an orthographic view of the height-adjusting gasket in this embodiment.
  • the height adjustment washer 153 is used to adjust the installation height of the elastic element 154, so that the height everywhere on the surface of the track bed plate 110 can comply with the design data.
  • the outer contour shape of the height-adjusting washer 153 is consistent with the locking washer 152 and has three height-adjusting sheet protrusions 1531, which will not be described again.
  • a circular second relief hole 1532 is opened in the middle of the height-adjusting gasket 153 and has three second installation grooves 1533 extending radially and communicating with the second relief hole 1532 .
  • the height-adjusting piece protrusion 1531 is in the extending direction of the second installation groove 1533 .
  • each height-adjusting gasket 153 may be used, and the thickness of each height-adjusting gasket 153 is 2 mm to 10 mm.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded view of the structure of the elastic element in this embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.
  • the elastic element 154 includes a support tube 1541, a support base 1542, two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, a spring connection component 1544, and a spring limiting component 1545.
  • the support tube 1541 and the support base 1542 respectively provide support for the stacked rubber spring 1543 from top to bottom.
  • the spring connection component 1544 is used to connect the two rubber springs 1543 into a whole
  • the spring limiting component 1545 is used to form the two rubber springs 153 into a whole.
  • the two ends of the whole body are respectively fixed in the support tube 1541 and the support base 1542.
  • Figure 10 is a three-dimensional structural view of the support tube in this embodiment.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the support tube in this embodiment.
  • the support tube 1541 is made of metal and is used to provide support for the upper end of the stacked rubber spring 153.
  • the support tube 1541 has a semi-enclosed structure and includes a plate-shaped top 15411, a first cylindrical part 15412, an internal support plate 15413 and a second cylindrical part 15414.
  • the outer contour shape of the plate-shaped top 15411 is consistent with the height-adjusting gasket 153 , and its thickness is thicker than the height-adjusting gasket 153 .
  • the ends of the three first installation grooves 1523 of the gasket 153 are also used for insertion of installation tools during installation.
  • the connecting parts are bolts and nuts.
  • the first cylindrical part 15412 and the second cylindrical part 15414 are both circular and cylindrical with the same diameter. The difference is that the length of the first cylindrical part 15412 is fixed, and the length of the second cylindrical part 15414 can be determined according to the rubber spring. 1543 size and quantity adjustment, the length of the second cylindrical part 15414 should be such that when none of the rubber springs 1543 are stressed (when the overall height of the multiple rubber springs 1543 is maximum), the second cylindrical part 15414 and the support base 1542 are still embedded. combine.
  • a plurality of latch holes 15414a are opened above the second cylindrical portion 15414 for arranging corresponding components in the spring limiting assembly 1545. In this embodiment, there are four latch holes 15414a, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second cylindrical part 15414.
  • the inner support plate 15413 is a circular metal plate, welded between the first cylindrical part 15412 and the second cylindrical part 15414, and has the same diameter as the first cylindrical part 15412 and the second cylindrical part 15414.
  • the inner support plate 15413 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 form a downward circular opening for installing the rubber spring 1543.
  • Figure 12 is a three-dimensional structural view of the support base in this embodiment.
  • the support base 1542 is used to support and limit the lower end of the stacked rubber spring 153.
  • the support base 1542 is also made of metal material and is in the shape of a circular cover, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the second cylindrical part 15414, so it can be slidably fitted into the second cylindrical part 15414.
  • the inner wall of the support base 1542 has a circle of limiter installation grooves 15421 and a square relief groove 15422.
  • the limiter installation groove 15421 is used to install the corresponding parts of the spring limit assembly 1545
  • the square relief groove 15422 is used to install the spring limiter assembly 1545.
  • the corresponding structures in the spring limiting component 1545 are moved out of position, which will be described in detail below in conjunction with the structure of the spring limiting component 1545 .
  • the two rubber springs 1543 have the same structure. They are both made of vulcanized rubber. They have circular plate-shaped upper and lower ends, and the upper and lower ends are wrapped with circular metal plates. In order to make the force borne by the two ends more evenly transmitted to the middle.
  • the middle part of the rubber spring 1543 is formed between the upper end and the lower end and shrinks radially inward. Viewed from the side, both sides of the rubber spring 1543 are inwardly curved arcs.
  • the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 has a circular positioning post embedding groove 15431 for setting the positioning post.
  • Rubber spring 1543 is available in a variety of stiffness specifications. During the production process, the stiffness of the rubber spring 1543 can be adjusted by adjusting the rubber composition and production parameters. In this embodiment, the rubber spring 1543 disposed in the middle of the plate body 111 has a relatively lower stiffness, and the rubber springs 1543 disposed on both sides of the plate body 111 in the length direction have a relatively higher stiffness. On both sides of the plate body 111, due to the existence of cross sections, relatively larger vibrations will be generated when the train is running. Therefore, through such an arrangement, the overall vibration damping effect of the plate body 111 can be made more uniform.
  • the two rubber springs 1543 are stacked in the vertical direction and connected into a whole body through the spring connection assembly 1544.
  • the whole body formed by the two rubber springs 1543 is arranged inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of the support tube 1541 and the support base 1542.
  • Figure 13 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring connector in this embodiment.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the spring connector in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of the portion within frame A in FIG. 3 .
  • the spring connection assembly 1544 includes a spring connection part 15441, a plurality of connection part fixing pieces 15442, and a plurality of fixing parts 15443.
  • the spring connector 15441 is an integrally molded piece made of metal and has an annular peripheral portion 54411 and a circular disk body 54412 formed within the circle of the peripheral portion 54411. Both sides of the peripheral portion 54411 extend vertically from both sides of the disk body 54412. out, and the inner diameter of the peripheral portion 54411 matches the diameter of the rubber spring 1543.
  • the cross section of the spring connector 15441 is H-shaped. Therefore, on both sides of the disk body 54412, the peripheral portion 54411 and the disk body 54412 form a pair of circular fitting grooves 54413 for fitting the ends of the rubber spring 1543. A pair of fitting grooves 54413 are arranged opposite to each other, with the openings facing both sides respectively.
  • fixing piece mounting grooves 54411a there are four square fixing piece mounting grooves 54411a on the peripheral portion 54411.
  • the bottom of the fixing piece mounting grooves 54411a has fixing piece mounting holes 54411b for fitting and installing the connecting piece fixing piece 15442 and setting the fixing pieces 15443.
  • the four fixing piece mounting grooves 54411a are evenly distributed along the circumference.
  • the connector fixing piece 15442 is a "U"-shaped metal piece with a through connector mounting hole in the middle.
  • the connector fixing piece 15442 is fitted and installed in the fixing piece mounting groove 54411a, and is fixed by the fixing piece 15443.
  • the fixing part 15443 is a screw.
  • the two ends of the connector fixing piece 15442 respectively extend toward the two fitting grooves 54413 to form a hook-shaped structure.
  • the lower end of the upper rubber spring 1543 is fitted in the circular fitting groove 54413 above the spring connector 15441, and the upper end of the lower rubber spring 1543 is fitted in the circular fitting groove 54413 below the spring connector 15441.
  • slot 54413 and is fixed through four connecting piece fixing pieces 15442 and four fixing pieces 15443.
  • the connecting piece fixed piece 15442 and the spring connecting piece 15441 form a hook-like structure to catch the end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby connecting the two superimposed rubber springs 1543 into an integrated elastic structure.
  • the two ends of the two stacked rubber springs 1543 are also fixed by the spring limiting assembly 1545.
  • the spring limiting assembly 1545 includes a pair of top limiting parts 15451 , a bottom limiting part 15452 , a plurality of limiting pins 15453 and a plurality of positioning posts 15454 .
  • the number of positioning posts 15454 is set according to the number of rubber springs 1543, which is two in this embodiment.
  • Figure 16 is a three-dimensional structural view of the top limiting member in this embodiment.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the top stopper in this embodiment.
  • the top stopper 15451 is used to fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring 1543 in the support tube 1541.
  • the top stopper 15451 is an arc-shaped metal piece with an L-shaped cross-section. Therefore, after installation, it can not only block the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 laterally, but also buckle the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.
  • the plurality of limit pins 15453 respectively pass through the plurality of pin holes 15414a on the second cylindrical part 15414, and press the pair of top limiters 15451 toward the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 from multiple directions, thereby firmly buckling it. Close the upper end of rubber spring 1543.
  • the bottom limiter 15452 is a snap spring, which is fitted in the limiter installation groove 15421 of the support base 1542 and protrudes outward from the groove to engage the lower end of the bottom rubber spring 1543 with the support base. Within 1542.
  • the diameter of the connection position of the two rubber springs 1543 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the support tube 1511. Therefore, during the elastic vibration damping process, the two rubber springs 1543 The ends are well restricted, so that the overall elastic structure formed by multiple rubber springs 1543 remains stable during the expansion and contraction process.
  • the positioning post 15454 is composed of two cylindrical sections, one of which has a larger diameter, so a stepped structure is formed in the middle of the positioning post 15454.
  • the smaller diameter cylindrical section of the positioning post 15454 is embedded in the positioning post installation groove 15413a of the internal support plate 15413, and the larger diameter cylindrical section is embedded in the positioning post embedding groove 15431 at the upper end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby protecting the rubber spring 1543.
  • the horizontal position is limited, and the step structure in the middle makes it difficult to come out.
  • Figure 18 is a flow chart for installing the elastic element in this embodiment.
  • the process of installing the above structure into an integral elastic element 154 specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step S1-1 Fit the lower end of a rubber spring 1543 above the spring connector 15441.
  • step S1-2 embed the positioning post 15454 on the upper end of another rubber spring 1543, and then embed the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 under the spring connector 15441.
  • step S1-3 the plurality of connecting piece fixing pieces 15442 are respectively fitted into the plurality of fixing piece installation grooves 54411a of the spring connecting piece 15441, and are respectively fixed through the fixing pieces 15443.
  • step S1-4 buckle the upper end of the upper rubber spring 1543 with a pair of top limiting members 15451.
  • step S1-5 insert the upper ends of the top limiter 15451 and the stacked rubber spring 1543 under the support tube 1541, and fix them through a plurality of limiter pins 15453.
  • Step S1-6 Fit the bottom limiter 15452 into the limiter installation groove 15421 of the support base 1542.
  • Step S1-7 embed the lower end of the stacked rubber spring 1543 into the support base 1542.
  • the above multiple components are assembled into an integrated elastic element 154.
  • the elastic element 154 only needs to be installed as a whole.
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the linear track bed at the position of the limiting boss in this embodiment.
  • the linear track bed 100 is assembled by a plurality of the above-mentioned track bed plates 110 connected end to end, and the gap between two adjacent track bed plates 110 is 70 mm.
  • the limiting boss 400 is a cylindrical concrete platform, and its shape matches the limiting groove 114 .
  • the limiting bosses 400 are respectively engaged with the corresponding limiting grooves 114 of two adjacent track bed plates 110, thereby limiting the track bed plates 110 laterally.
  • Figure 20 is a flow chart for installing a stacked vibration isolator in this embodiment.
  • the process of installing the superposed vibration isolator 150 specifically includes the following steps:
  • step S2-1 the plate body 111 with the outer sleeve 151 pre-embedded is hoisted and placed on the base 200.
  • Step S2-2 Measure the relative height parameter of each outer sleeve 151 through a testing instrument, and set the number and thickness specifications of the height-adjusting gaskets 153 according to the measured relative height parameter.
  • step S2-3 the plate body 111 is lifted to a predetermined construction height through jacking equipment.
  • the lifting equipment is a hydraulic jack, which has four lifting ends (i.e., hydraulic heads).
  • the four lifting ends can be respectively embedded in the four lifting grooves 113 of the plate body 111, and can be installed on the industrial computer. synchronously lifting under the control of the machine, thereby smoothly lifting the plate body 111.
  • the lifting height should be such that the distance between the support step 1513 of the outer sleeve 151 embedded in the plate body 111 and the base 200 is greater than the total thickness of the inserted elastic element 154 and several height-adjusting pads 153, so that the rubber spring 1543 is not stressed after being put in, and the height-adjusting gasket 153 and the elastic element 154 can be rotated and adjusted.
  • Step S2-4 For each outer sleeve 151, sequentially put the elastic element 154 and the height-adjusting gasket 153 from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 151, and rotate the elastic element 154 and the height-adjusting gasket 153 through the adjustment tool. At a predetermined angle, its plurality of convex portions are located directly below the plurality of cylindrical convex portions 1511 of the support step 1513 .
  • the support step 1513 includes three evenly distributed protrusions 1511 in the barrel. Therefore, the inserted elastic element 154 and the height-adjusting gasket 153 are rotated 60 degrees by the adjustment tool. At this time, the elastic element 154 and the height-adjusting gasket 153 are The raised portions of the gasket 153 are respectively located directly below the three raised portions 1511 in the cylinder. After the plate body 111 is put down, the three raised portions are in contact with the three raised portions 1511 in the barrel, thereby forming a supporting structure.
  • Figure 21 is a three-dimensional structural view of the adjustment tool in this embodiment.
  • the adjustment tool 600 has a T-shaped handle 601 and an adjustment head 602 connected to the other end of the handle 601.
  • the adjustment head 602 has three radially extending adjustment end portions 6021.
  • the position distribution corresponds to the three installation grooves of the locking washer 152 and the height-adjusting washer 153.
  • Bolts extending in the vertical direction are installed on the adjusting end 6021 (not shown in the figure).
  • the construction worker can hold the handle 601, extend the adjusting head 602 into the outer sleeve 121, and insert the bolts on the three adjusting ends 6021 into the three tops of the spring element 154 respectively.
  • the elastic element 154 can be rotated horizontally.
  • Step S2-5 lower the board body 111 through the lifting equipment.
  • Step S2-6 For each outer sleeve 151, put the locking gasket 152 from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 151, and tighten the locking gasket 152, height-adjusting gasket 153, and elastic element 154 through bolts. Together, the height-adjusting gasket 153 and the elastic element 154 are prevented from rotating and falling off.
  • each outer sleeve 151 can also be covered to prevent dust, debris, etc. from entering through the opening.
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.
  • This embodiment provides a superimposed vibration isolator, a track bed plate and a linear track bed, as shown in Figure 22.
  • the difference lies in that the elastic element of the superimposed vibration isolator 150 in this embodiment 154 includes three rubber springs 1543 stacked vertically.
  • the connection method between two adjacent rubber springs 1543 is the same as in Embodiment 1.
  • the length of the second cylindrical part 15414 is longer than that in the first embodiment.
  • multiple rubber springs 1543 are used.
  • the multiple rubber springs 1543 are connected through spring connection components 1544, and both ends are respectively limited and fixed to the support tube 1541 through spring limiting components 1545.
  • the inner lower part and the support base 1542 form an integral elastic element 154. Since the elastic element 154 contains a plurality of vertically superimposed rubber springs 1543, its stiffness can be adjusted in a wide range, and the overall height of the superimposed vibration isolator 150 The adjustable range is large and can be well applied to a variety of working conditions.
  • the elastic element 154 can be pre-assembled, and its assembly is simple and convenient. During track construction, the elastic element 154 only needs to be installed as an integral element, which is beneficial to reducing construction time and improving construction efficiency.
  • the first embodiment includes two superimposed rubber springs 1543, and their overall stiffness is 1/2 of a single rubber spring 1543; the second embodiment includes three superimposed rubber springs 1543, and their overall stiffness is that of a single rubber spring 1543. 1/3 of the value, and even if the material formula and manufacturing process are adjusted, the stiffness of a single rubber spring 1543 is difficult to reach such a numerical range. Therefore, compared with a single rubber spring 1543, the stiffness range of the elastic element 154 of this embodiment is greatly increased. .
  • the stacked rubber springs 1543 are connected through a spring connection assembly 1544.
  • the spring connection assembly 1544 includes an H-shaped cross-section spring connector 15441 and a connector fixing piece 15442 installed on the spring connector 15441 to form a hook-like structure, so the spring connection Both sides of the piece 15441 can be respectively fitted with the lower end of the upper rubber spring 1543 and the upper end of the lower rubber spring 1543, and this end can be grasped to connect multiple vertically stacked rubber springs 1543 into one body.
  • the two ends of the whole body connected by multiple rubber springs 1543 are also fixed by the spring limit assembly 1545.
  • the spring limit assembly 1545 includes an L-shaped cross-section and a top limiter 15451, a circlip (bottom limiter 15452) and The positioning posts 15453 respectively fix and laterally limit the two ends of the whole body and the middle part of each rubber spring 1543, thereby making the overall reliability and safety of the elastic element 154 higher.
  • the number of rubber springs 1543 is 2 to 3, which are stacked in the vertical direction. In an alternative solution, depending on the actual required damping stiffness, the number of rubber springs 1543 can also be 1 or more. There are multiple rubber springs 1543 , and the length of the second cylindrical portion 15414 is adjusted accordingly according to the number and height of the rubber springs 1543 .
  • the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 has a circle of support steps 1513 and a circle of lifting steps 1514, both of which are composed of three evenly distributed inner protrusions 1511.
  • the outer sleeve 151 The inner wall can also have two or more evenly distributed inner protrusions 1511, and the outer contour shapes of the support tube 1541, locking gasket 153 and height adjustment gasket 152 match them.
  • the elasticity The component 154 and the height-adjusting spacer 152 are rotated 180/n degrees to form a support structure, which can also achieve corresponding technical effects.
  • the support stability of a single vibration isolator is slightly reduced, but since multiple vibration isolators are embedded in the plate body 111, the overall support stability can still be obtained. ensure.
  • the two ends of the stacked rubber spring 1543 are respectively fixed below the support tube 1541 and in the support base 1542 through the spring limiting assembly 1545.
  • the two ends of the stacked rubber spring 1543 can also be fixed through the spring limiting assembly 1545.
  • Other methods are used for limit fixation, such as bonding.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种叠加型隔振器，隔振器包括预埋外套筒、锁紧垫片、调高垫片和弹性元件，其中弹性元件包括支撑筒、支撑底座、多个叠加橡胶弹簧、弹簧连接组件和弹簧限位组件，多个橡胶弹簧通过弹簧连接组件连接，且两端通过弹簧限位组件分别限位固定在支撑筒内下方以及支撑底座中，组成了整体的弹性元件，由于该弹性元件包含有多个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧，因此其刚度可调节范围大，隔振器整体高度可调节范围大，可良好适用于多种不同工况。此外，弹性元件可预先组装，其装配简单方便，且在轨道施工时，弹性元件仅需作为一个整体元件进行安装，因此有利于减少施工时间、提高施工效率。

Description

叠加型隔振器 技术领域
本发明属于轨道减振降噪技术领域，具体涉及一种叠加型隔振器。
背景技术
列车在轨道上运行时，其运行时的冲击能量会导致轨道产生严重的振动及噪声，严重影响列车上的乘客的乘坐体验，也会影响轨道周边居民的生活质量。同时，轨道交通本身的稳定性、安全性以及使用寿命也会受到影响。因此，就必须有能够有效减振降噪的技术和产品，以提高结构的稳定，保证轨道线路运行的安全。
现有技术中，部分道床采用减振垫或多个钢弹簧，虽然能够达到一定的减振降噪效果，但仍存在工序复杂、施工时间长、满铺的减振垫给排水设置带来困难等多种问题。因此，为解决上述问题，部分道床开始采用浮置板配合橡胶弹簧隔振器的形式，橡胶弹簧具有腐蚀、韧性强度高,弹性性能好,减振性能效果、疲劳及耐久性能好的特性,形成的轨道结构是一种中等级减振形式。
然而，现有的橡胶弹簧隔振器的种类较为单一，考虑到安装尺寸和减振的刚度要求，以及橡胶材质本身的特性，橡胶弹簧隔振器的外形尺寸和结构受到的限制较多，不能做大范围的改动，导致其适用范围较窄，无法很好地适应多种不同的工况条件。其核心的橡胶弹簧虽然能够通过调节材质的配方来调节刚度规格，然而这种方法能调节的刚度范围小，且需要多次配制测试，因此费时费力，成本高。因此，如何提高橡胶弹簧隔振器的尺寸和刚度的冗余度，使其能够适用于更多的工况是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明是为解决上述问题而进行的，目的在于提供一种多冗余度的、尺寸和刚度适应性更广、适用于更多种工况的叠加型隔振器、采用该隔振器的道床板及直线型道床，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种叠加型隔振器，设置在道床板中，其特征在于，包括：外套筒，沿其长度方向贯通，固定嵌设在所述道床板中；弹性元件，设置在所述外套筒下方；调高垫片，设置在所述弹性元件上方；以及锁紧垫片，嵌合在所述外套筒中，并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹性元件固定在一起，其中，所述弹性元件包括：支撑筒；支撑底座；至少两个橡胶弹簧，设置在所述支撑筒和所述支撑底座嵌合形成的包覆结构内部，且竖直叠加；以及若干个弹簧连接组件，分别设置在相邻两个所述橡胶弹簧之间，用于将多个所述橡胶弹簧连接成一体，所述外套筒的内壁具有n个径向凸起的筒内凸起部，n≥2，所述调高垫片、所述锁紧垫片和所述支撑筒上端均具有n个凸起部，其外轮廓形状均与所述筒内凸起部处的所述外套筒的内壁形状相匹配。
本发明提供的叠加型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述弹簧连接组件包括：弹簧连接件，具有一对相背设置的嵌合槽，所述嵌合槽的形状与所述橡胶弹簧的端部相匹配；以及多个连接件固定片，安装在所述弹簧连接件上，其端部朝向所述嵌合槽延伸，两个所述橡胶弹簧的相对的端部分别嵌合在一对所述嵌合槽中，并被延伸出的所述连接件固定片的端部扣住。
本发明提供的叠加型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述橡胶弹簧的两端均呈圆形板状，中部径向凹入，所述弹簧连接件包括：周缘部，呈环状；以及盘体，形成在所述周缘部的环内，从而在所述盘体两侧形成一对所述嵌合槽，所述周缘部上开设有多个固定片安装槽，沿所述周缘部的圆周均匀分布，所述连接件固定片嵌合固定在所述固定片安装槽中。
本发明提供的叠加型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述支撑底座的内壁具有一圈限位件安装槽，所述弹性元件还包括弹簧限位组件，其包括：顶部限位件，用于将最上方的所述橡胶弹簧的上端卡合固定在所述支撑筒中；以及底部限位件，嵌合在所述限位件安装槽中且向外凸出，用于将最下方的所述橡胶弹簧的下端卡合固定在所述支撑底座中。
本发明提供的叠加型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述顶部限位件为弧形金属件，其截面呈L形，其数量为至少两个，所述底部限位件为卡簧。
本发明提供的叠加型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述支撑筒上开设有多个插销孔，所述弹簧限位组件还包括多个多个限位销，分别嵌合在所述插销孔中，将所述顶部限位件朝向所述橡胶弹簧的上端压紧。
本发明提供的叠加型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述支撑筒的筒内中部设置有支撑板，所述支撑板中部开设有定位柱安装孔，所述弹簧连接件中部开设有定位柱安装槽，所述橡胶弹簧的一端具有定位柱嵌槽，所述弹簧限位组件还包括多个定位柱，用于对所述橡胶弹簧进行横向限位，一个所述定位柱同时穿过所述支撑板的所述定位柱安装孔和最上方的所述橡胶弹簧的所述定位柱嵌槽，其余的所述定位柱同时穿过所述弹簧连接件的所述定位柱安装槽和其他的所述橡胶弹簧的所述定位柱嵌槽。
本发明提供的叠加型隔振器，还可以具有这样的技术特征，其中，所述调高垫片的厚度为2mm～10mm，数量为一个或多个。
发明作用与效果
根据本发明的叠加型隔振器，采用了多个橡胶弹簧，多个橡胶弹簧通过弹簧连接组件连接，且两端通过弹簧限位组件分别限位固定在支撑筒内下方以及支撑底座中，组成了整体的弹性元件，由于该弹性元件包含有多个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧，因此其刚度可调节范围大，隔振器整体高度的可调节范围大，可良好适用于多种不同工况。此外，弹性元件可预先组装，其装配简单方便，且在轨道施工时，弹性元件仅需作为一个整体元件进行安装，因此有利于减少施工时间、提高施工效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一中直线型道床的平面结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例一中直线型道床在隔振器位置的剖视图；
图3是本发明实施例一中叠加型隔振器的结构分解图；
图4是本发明实施例一中锁紧垫片的立体结构图；
图5是本发明实施例一中锁紧垫片的正投影图；
图6是本发明实施例一中调高垫片的立体结构图；
图7是本发明实施例一中调高垫片的正投影图；
图8是本发明实施例一中弹性元件的结构分解图；
图9是本发明实施例一中弹性元件的剖视图；
图10是本发明实施例一中支撑筒的立体结构图；
图11是本发明实施例一中支撑筒的剖视图；
图12是本发明实施例一中支撑底座的立体结构图；
图13是本发明实施例一中弹簧连接件的立体结构图；
图14是本发明实施例一中弹簧连接件的剖视图；
图15是图3中框A内部分的放大图；
图16是本发明实施例一中顶部限位件的立体结构图；
图17是本发明实施例一中顶部限位件的剖视图；
图18是本发明实施例中安装弹性元件的流程图；
图19是本发明实施例一中直线型道床在限位凸台位置的剖视图；
图20是本发明实施例一中安装叠加型隔振器的流程图；
图21是本实施例中调节工具的立体结构图；
图22是本发明实施例二中弹性元件的剖视图。
附图标记：
直线型道床100；道床板110；板体111；轨枕112；叠加型隔振器150；外套筒151；筒内凸起部1511；顶升台阶1512；支撑台阶1513；固定销1514；凸缘1515；锁紧垫片152；锁紧片凸起部1521；第一让位孔1522；第一安装槽1523；调高垫片153；调高片凸起部1531；第二让位孔1532；第二安装槽1533；弹性元件154；支撑筒1541；板状顶部15411；顶部让位槽15411a；顶部安装孔15411b；第一筒状部15412；内部支撑板15413；定位柱安装槽15413a；第二筒状部15414；插销孔15414a；支撑底座1542；橡胶弹簧1543；定位柱嵌槽15431；限位件安装槽15421；让位槽15422；橡胶弹簧1543；弹簧连接组件1544；弹簧连接件15441；周缘部54411；固定片安装槽54411a；固定件安装孔54411b；盘体54412；定位柱安装孔54412a；嵌合槽54413；连接件固定片15442；固定件15443；弹簧限位组件1545；顶部限位件15451；底部限位件15452；限位销15453；定位柱15454；基底200；限位凸台400。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，以下结合实施例及附图对本发明的叠加型隔振器、道床板以及直线型道床作具体阐述。
<实施例一>
图1是本实施例中直线型道床的平面结构示意图。
图2是本实施例中直线型道床在隔振器位置的剖视图，图2仅为说明隔振器在道床板中的位置分布，其中的隔振器为示意简图，不代表其实际结构。
如图1-2所示，直线型道床100由多个道尾相接的道床板110组成。道床板110设置在基底200上，其包括板体111以及复数个叠加型隔振器150。其中，板体111为混凝土预制板，叠加型隔振器150以两个一组的方式嵌设在板体111中，一组的两个叠加型隔振器150分别位于靠近两条钢轨的位置。
本实施例中，道床板110的尺寸为4690mm×3000mm×411mm，(长×宽×厚)，在道床板110上，沿其长度方向间隔均匀地设置有八对轨枕112，相邻两对轨枕112之间的间距为595mm，本实施例中，轨枕112为混凝土短轨枕，直线型钢轨载置在轨枕112上。
一块道床板110中设置有3～5对叠加型隔振器150。由于道床板110可设置在轨道中不同条件的路段处，因此，可根据各路段的实际情况及相应的减振需要来设置道床板110中叠加型隔振器150的数量及分布。以等间距地设置3对为例，相邻两对叠加型隔振器150之间的间距为1785mm。
图3是本实施例中叠加型隔振器的结构分解图。
如图3所示，叠加型隔振器150包括外套筒151、锁紧垫片152、调高垫片153以及弹性元件154。
外套筒151由金属材料制成，整体为贯通式圆形筒状结构，整体高度(即外套筒151的长度)与板体111的厚度一致，因此其两端开口分别从板体111两面露出。外套筒151的内壁具有两组筒内凸起部1511，每一组包含有三个，一组的三个分布在筒内相同的高度，且沿外套筒151的中心轴线均匀分布。且两组的筒内凸起部1511分别沿竖直方向对齐。也 即，在外套筒151的内壁，形成有两圈台阶状结构，其中，位于上方的为顶升台阶1512，位于下方的为支撑台阶1513。
此外，外套筒151为预埋式外套筒，在浇铸混凝土板体111时预埋在板体111中，为此，在外套筒151外部还设置有两对固定销1514，两对固定销1514设置在外套筒151上不同高度处，且延伸方向相互垂直，即呈十字交叉布置，用于在钢筋混凝土板中的绑扎固定；外套筒151下端具有一圈向外凸起的凸缘1515，形成裙边结构，用于增加预埋式外套筒的附着力和承载力。
图4是本实施例中锁紧垫片的立体结构图。
图5是本实施例中锁紧垫片的正投影图。
如图4-5所示，锁紧垫片152用于将调高垫片153及弹性元件154锁紧在外套筒151内。锁紧垫片152为金属材质的片状件，具有三个弧形凸起的锁紧片凸起部1521，使得锁紧垫片152的形状与顶升台阶1512处的外套筒151内壁相匹配，具体地，锁紧垫片152的形状与顶升台阶1512处的外套筒151内壁基本一致，且尺寸略小于此处的内壁。锁紧垫片152中部开设有第一让位孔1522，用于在安装隔振器时供相应的安装工具伸入。锁紧垫片152还具有三个径向延伸的第一安装槽1523，均与中部的第一让位孔1522连通，用于安装连接件。锁紧片凸起部1521与第一安装槽1523的延伸方向错开，第一安装槽1523的延长线位于两个锁紧片凸起部1521之间。锁紧垫片152的厚度为10mm。
图6是本实施例中调高垫片的立体结构图。
图7是本实施例中调高垫片的正投影图。
如图6-7所示，调高垫片153用于调节弹性元件154的安装高度，从而使得道床板110表面各处的高度都能符合设计数据。调高垫片153的外轮廓形状与锁紧垫片152一致，具有三个调高片凸起部1531，不再赘述。调高垫片153中部开设有圆形的第二让位孔1532，并具有三个径向延伸且与第二让位孔1532连通的第二安装槽1533。调高片凸起部1531在第二安装槽1533的延伸方向上。
根据实际所需的安装高度，可采用一个或多个层叠的调高垫片153，每个调高垫片153的厚度为2mm～10mm。
图8是本实施例中弹性元件的结构分解图。
图9是本实施例中弹性元件的剖视图。
如图8-9所示，弹性元件154包括支撑筒1541、支撑底座1542、两个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧1543、弹簧连接组件1544以及弹簧限位组件1545。支撑筒1541和支撑底座1542分别从上下为叠加的橡胶弹簧1543提供支撑，弹簧连接组件1544用于将两个橡胶弹簧1543连接成一个整体，弹簧限位组件1545用于将两个橡胶弹簧153形成的整体的两端分别固定在支撑筒1541内以及支撑底座1542内。
图10是本实施例中支撑筒的立体结构图。
图11是本实施例中支撑筒的剖视图。
如图10-11所示，支撑筒1541由金属材质制成，用于为叠加的橡胶弹簧153的上端提供支撑。支撑筒1541为半封闭结构，包括板状顶部15411、第一筒状部15412、内部支撑板15413以及第二筒状部15414。
板状顶部15411的外轮廓形状与调高垫片153一致，其厚度比调高垫片153更厚。板状顶部15411的中部开设有圆形的顶部让位槽15411a，用于在安装时为安装工具让位，在顶部让位槽15411a周围分布有三个顶部安装孔15411b，其位置分布对应于调高垫片153的三个第一安装槽1523的端部，同样用于在安装时供安装工具伸入。
如图3所示，由于支撑筒1541顶部的三个顶部安装孔15411b、锁紧垫片152上的三个第一安装槽1523、调高垫片153上的三个第二安装槽1533的分布均一致，因此在安装时， 这些安装孔、安装槽能够形成沿竖直方向贯通的三个连接件安装孔，从而能够设置连接件，将这三者紧固在一起。本实施例中，该连接件为螺栓及螺母。
第一筒状部15412和第二筒状部15414均呈圆形筒状且直径一致，区别之处在于，第一筒状部15412长度固定，第二筒状部15414的长度则可根据橡胶弹簧1543的尺寸及数量调节，第二筒状部15414的长度应使得橡胶弹簧1543均不受力时(多个橡胶弹簧1543的整体高度最大时)，第二筒状部15414和支撑底座1542仍嵌合。此外，在第二筒状部15414的上方开设有多个插销孔15414a，用于设置弹簧限位组件1545中的相应部件。本实施例中，插销孔15414a为四个，沿第二筒状部15414的圆周均匀分布。
内部支撑板15413为圆形金属板，焊接在第一筒状部15412和第二筒状部15414之间，直径与第一筒状部15412和第二筒状部15414一致。内部支撑板15413和第二筒状部15414形成向下的圆形开口，用于安装橡胶弹簧1543。
图12是本实施例中支撑底座的立体结构图。
如图12所示，支撑底座1542用于对叠加的橡胶弹簧153的下端进行支撑及限位。支撑底座1542也由金属材质制成，呈圆形盖状，且其外径小于第二筒状部15414的内径，因此能够可滑动嵌合在第二筒状部15414内。
支撑底座1542的内壁上具有一圈限位件安装槽15421以及一个方形让位槽15422，限位件安装槽15421用于安装弹簧限位组件1545中的相应部件，方形让位槽15422用于为弹簧限位组件1545中的相应结构进行让位，以下将结合弹簧限位组件1545的结构再具体说明。
如图8-9所示，两个橡胶弹簧1543的结构一致，均由橡胶经硫化制成，具有呈圆形板状的上端及下端，且上端及下端中均包裹有圆形金属板，用于使其两端所承受的力能够更为均匀地传递至中部。橡胶弹簧1543的中部形成在上端和下端之间，且径向向内收缩，从侧面看，橡胶弹簧1543的两侧呈内弯的弧形。此外，橡胶弹簧1543的上端具有圆形的定位柱嵌槽15431，用于设置定位柱。
橡胶弹簧1543具有多种刚度规格。在生产过程中，通过调节橡胶的成分以及生产参数，即可调节橡胶弹簧1543的刚度。本实施例中，设置在板体111中部的橡胶弹簧1543具有相对更低的刚度，设置在板体111的长度方向两侧的橡胶弹簧1543具有相对更高的刚度。在板体111的两侧，由于断面的存在，在列车行驶时会产生相对更大的振动，因此通过这样的设置，能够使板体111整体的减振效果更为均匀。
两个橡胶弹簧1543沿竖直方向叠加，且通过弹簧连接组件1544连接成一个整体，两个橡胶弹簧1543形成的整体设置在支撑筒1541和支撑底座1542嵌合形成的包覆结构内部。
图13是本实施例中弹簧连接件的立体结构图。
图14是本实施例中弹簧连接件的剖视图。
图15是图3中框A内部分的放大图。
如图13-15所示，弹簧连接组件1544包括弹簧连接件15441、多个连接件固定片15442以及多个固定件15443。
弹簧连接件15441为金属材质的一体成型件，具有呈环状的周缘部54411以及形成在周缘部54411圈内的圆形盘体54412，周缘部54411的两侧分别从盘体54412的两面垂直延伸出，且周缘部54411的内径与橡胶弹簧1543的直径相匹配。弹簧连接件15441的截面呈H形。因此在盘体54412的两面，周缘部54411及盘体54412形成用于嵌入橡胶弹簧1543的端部的一对圆形的嵌合槽54413。一对嵌合槽54413相背地设置，开口分别朝向两侧。
周缘部54411上具有四个方形的固定片安装槽54411a，固定片安装槽54411a底具有固定件安装孔54411b，用于嵌合安装连接件固定片15442并设置固定件15443。四个固定片安装槽54411a沿圆周均匀分布。此外，在盘体54412中部具有圆形的定位柱安装孔54412a，用于安装定位柱。
连接件固定片15442为“匚”形的金属件，中部开设有贯通的连接件安装孔，连接件固定片15442嵌合安装在固定片安装槽54411a中，并通过固定件15443固定，本实施例中，固定件15443为螺钉。连接件固定片15442的两个端部分别朝向两个嵌合槽54413延伸出，形成钩状结构。
如图9所示，上方的橡胶弹簧1543的下端嵌合在弹簧连接件15441上方的圆形嵌合槽54413中，下方的橡胶弹簧1543的上端嵌合在弹簧连接件15441下方的圆形嵌合槽54413中，并通过四个连接件固定片15442和四个固定件15443实现固定。连接件固定片15442和弹簧连接件15441形成钩状结构，扣住橡胶弹簧1543的端部，从而将两个叠加的橡胶弹簧1543连接成一体的弹性结构。
连接成一体后，叠加的两个橡胶弹簧1543的两端还通过弹簧限位组件1545进行固定。
如图8所示，弹簧限位组件1545包括一对顶部限位件15451、底部限位件15452、多个限位销15453以及多个定位柱15454。定位柱15454的数量根据橡胶弹簧1543的数量设置，本实施例中为两个。
图16是本实施例中顶部限位件的立体结构图。
图17是本实施例中顶部限位件的剖视图。
如图16-17的示，顶部限位件15451用于将最上方的橡胶弹簧1543的上端固定在支撑筒1541内。顶部限位件15451为弧形的金属件，其截面呈L形，因此安装后不仅能横向卡住橡胶弹簧1543的上端，还能够扣住橡胶弹簧1543的上端。
多个限位销15453分别穿过第二筒状部15414上的多个插销孔15414a，将一对顶部限位件15451从多个方向朝向橡胶弹簧1543的上端压紧，从而使其牢固地扣合橡胶弹簧1543的上端。
底部限位件15452为卡簧，嵌合在支撑底座1542的限位件安装槽15421中，且从该槽中向外凸出，用于将最下方的橡胶弹簧1543的下端卡合在支撑底座1542内。
此外，如图9所示，设置弹簧连接组件1544后，两个橡胶弹簧1543的连接位置处的直径与支撑筒1511的内径大致相同，因此在弹性减振过程中，所有橡胶弹簧1543的两个端部均受到良好限位，使得多个橡胶弹簧1543形成的整体弹性结构在伸缩过程中保持稳定。
如图9所示，定位柱15454由两个圆柱段组成，其中一个圆柱段的直径更大，因此在定位柱15454中部形成一圈台阶状结构。在安装时，定位柱15454直径较小的圆柱段嵌入内部支撑板15413的定位柱安装槽15413a中，直径较大的圆柱段嵌入橡胶弹簧1543上端的定位柱嵌槽15431中，从而对橡胶弹簧1543进行横向限位，中部台阶结构的设置使其不易脱出。
图18是本实施例中安装弹性元件的流程图。
如图18所示，将上述结构安装成整体的弹性元件154的流程具体包括如下步骤：
步骤S1-1，将一个橡胶弹簧1543的下端嵌合在弹簧连接件15441的上方。
步骤S1-2，在另一个橡胶弹簧1543的上端嵌入定位柱15454，再将该橡胶弹簧1543的上端嵌合在弹簧连接件15441的下方。
步骤S1-3，将多个连接件固定片15442分别嵌合在弹簧连接件15441的多个固定片安装槽54411a中，并分别通过固定件15443进行固定。
步骤S1-4，将一对顶部限位件15451扣住上方的橡胶弹簧1543的上端。
步骤S1-5，将顶部限位件15451和叠加的橡胶弹簧1543的上端嵌入支撑筒1541下方，并通过多个限位销15453进行固定。
步骤S1-6，将底部限位件15452嵌合在支撑底座1542的限位件安装槽15421中。
步骤S1-7，将叠加的橡胶弹簧1543的下端嵌入支撑底座1542中。
通过上述步骤，即将上述多个部件组装成了一体的弹性元件154，在进行轨道施工时，弹性元件154仅需作为一个整体进行安装。
图19是本实施例中直线型道床在限位凸台位置的剖视图。
如图1、图19所示，直线型道床100由多块上述道床板110首尾相接组装而成，相邻两块道床板110之间的间隙为70mm。在板体111的长度方向的两侧还具有一对半圆柱状的限位凹槽114，用于在组装时设置限位凸台400。本实施例中，限位凸台400为圆柱状的混凝土台，其形状与限位凹槽114相匹配。在组装时，限位凸台400分别与相邻两块道床板110对应的限位凹槽114相卡合，从而对道床板110进行横向限位。
图20是本实施例中安装叠加型隔振器的流程图。
如图20所示，基于上述结构，安装叠加型隔振器150的流程具体包括如下步骤：
步骤S2-1，将预埋有外套筒151的板体111吊装放置到基底200上。
步骤S2-2，通过测试仪器测量每个外套筒151的相对高度参数，并根据测得的相对高度参数对应设置调高垫片153的数量及厚度规格。
步骤S2-3，通过顶升设备将板体111顶升至预定施工高度。
本实施例中，顶升设备为液压千斤顶，其具有四个顶升端(即液压头)，四个顶升端可分别嵌入板体111的四个顶升凹槽113中，并在工控机的控制下同步顶升，从而平稳地将板体111顶升起。
顶升高度应使得预埋在板体111中的外套筒151的支撑台阶1513与基底200之间的距离大于放入的弹性元件154和若干个调高垫片153的总厚度，使得橡胶弹簧1543放入后不受力，调高垫片153和弹性元件154可旋转调节。
步骤S2-4，对每个外套筒151，依次将弹性元件154、调高垫片153从外套筒151的上端开口放入，并通过调节工具将弹性元件154、调高垫片153转动预定的角度，使其多个凸起部分别位于支撑台阶1513的多个筒内凸起部1511的正下方。
本实施例中，支撑台阶1513包含三个均匀分布的筒内凸起部1511，因此通过调节工具将放入的弹性元件154、调高垫片153转动60度，此时弹性元件154、调高垫片153的凸起部就分别位于三个筒内凸起部1511的正下方，在板体111放下后，三个凸起部就分别与三个筒内凸起部1511相抵接，从而形成支撑结构。
图21是本实施例中调节工具的立体结构图。
如图21所示，调节工具600具有呈T字形的把手601以及连接在把手601另一端的调节头602，调节头602具有三个径向延伸出的调节端部6021，三个调节端部6021位置分布对应于锁紧垫片152、调高垫片153的三个安装槽。在调节端部6021上安装有沿竖直方向延伸的螺栓(图中未示出)。
因此，以弹性元件154为例，施工人员可以握住把手601，将调节头602伸入外套筒121内，并使三个调节端部6021上的螺栓分别嵌入弹簧元件154顶部的三个顶部安装孔15411b中，随后水平转动把手601，就能够使弹性元件154水平转动。
步骤S2-5，通过顶升设备将板体111放下。
此时，各个弹性元件154中的橡胶弹簧1543进入受力状态，板体111浮置在基底200上，板体111的所有载荷通过处套筒151的支撑台阶1513传递给弹性元件154。
步骤S2-6，对每个外套筒151，将锁紧垫片152从外套筒151上端开口放入，并通过螺栓将锁紧垫片152、调高垫片153、弹性元件154紧固在一起，避免调高垫片153、弹性元件154转动脱落。
通过上述步骤，就完成了多个叠加型隔振器150的安装，形成了上述的道床板110。此外，在上述步骤之后，还可以在各个外套筒151的上端开口加盖，从而避免灰尘、杂物等从该开口进入。
<实施例二>
图22是本实施例中弹性元件的剖视图。
本实施例提供一种叠加型隔振器、道床板以及直线型道床，如图22所示，与实施例一相比，区别之处在于，本实施例的叠加型隔振器150的弹性元件154包括三个沿竖直方向叠加的橡胶弹簧1543。相邻两个橡胶弹簧1543之间的连接方式与实施例一中相同。
此外，由于在第二筒状部15414中需要容纳三个橡胶弹簧1543，因此第二筒状部15414的长度比实施例一中更长。
本实施例中，其他结构及其工作原理、安装方法均与实施例一中相同，因此不再重复说明。
实施例作用与效果
根据本实施例提供的叠加型隔振器150，采用了多个橡胶弹簧1543，多个橡胶弹簧1543通过弹簧连接组件1544连接，且两端通过弹簧限位组件1545分别限位固定在支撑筒1541内下方以及支撑底座1542中，组成了整体的弹性元件154，由于该弹性元件154包含有多个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧1543，因此其刚度可调节范围大，叠加型隔振器150的整体高度可调节范围大，可良好适用于多种工况。此外，弹性元件154可预先组装，其装配简单方便，且在轨道施工时，弹性元件154仅需作为一个整体元件进行安装，因此有利于减少施工时间、提高施工效率。
具体地，实施例一中包含两个叠加的橡胶弹簧1543，其整体刚度为单个橡胶弹簧1543的1/2；实施例二中包含三个叠加的橡胶弹簧1543，其整体刚度为单个橡胶弹簧1543的1/3，而即使调节材料配方及制造工艺，单个橡胶弹簧1543的刚度也难以达到这样的数值范围，因此，本实施例的弹性元件154相较于单个橡胶弹簧1543，其刚度范围大大增加。
进一步，叠加的橡胶弹簧1543通过弹簧连接组件1544连接，弹簧连接组件1544包括H型截面的弹簧连接件15441和安装在弹簧连接件15441上、形成钩状结构的连接件固定片15442，因此弹簧连接件15441的两面能够分别与上方橡胶弹簧1543的下端和下方橡胶弹簧1543的上端嵌合，且抓扣住这一端，从而将多个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧1543连接成一体。此外，多个橡胶弹簧1543连接成的整体的两端还通过弹簧限位组件1545进行固定，弹簧限位组件1545包括L型截面和顶部限位件15451、卡簧(底部限位件15452)以及定位柱15453，分别对整体的两端以及各个橡胶弹簧1543的中部进行固定及横向限位，从而使弹性元件154整体可靠性、安全性更高。
上述实施例仅用于举例说明本发明的具体实施方式，而本发明不限于上述实施例的描述范围。
在上述实施例中，橡胶弹簧1543的数量为2～3个，沿竖直方向叠加设置，在替代方案中，根据实际所需要的减振刚度，橡胶弹簧1543的数量也可以为1个或更多个，第二筒状部15414的长度根据橡胶弹簧1543的数量及高度相应调节。
在上述实施例中，外套筒151内壁具有一圈支撑台阶1513以及一圈顶升台阶1514，其均由三个均匀分布的筒内凸起部1511构成，在替代方案中，外套筒151内壁也可以具有2个或者更多个均匀分布的筒内凸起部1511，支撑筒1541、锁紧垫片153和调高垫片152的外轮廓形状与之相匹配，在安装时，将弹性元件154和调高垫片152转动180/n度形成支撑结构，也能实现相应的技术效果。在具有2个筒内凸起部1511的情况下，单个隔振器中的支撑稳定性略有下降，但由于板体111中嵌设有多个隔振器，整体的支撑稳定性仍能得到保证。
在上述实施例中，叠加的橡胶弹簧1543的两端通过弹簧限位组件1545分别固定在支撑筒1541内下方以及支撑底座1542内，在替代方案中，叠加的橡胶弹簧1543的两端也可以通过其他方式进行限位固定，例如采用粘结方式。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种叠加型隔振器，设置在道床板中，其特征在于，包括：
    外套筒，沿其长度方向贯通，固定嵌设在所述道床板中；
    弹性元件，设置在所述外套筒下方；
    调高垫片，设置在所述弹性元件上方；以及
    锁紧垫片，嵌合在所述外套筒中，并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹性元件固定在一起，
    其中，所述弹性元件包括：
    支撑筒；
    支撑底座；
    至少两个橡胶弹簧，设置在所述支撑筒和所述支撑底座嵌合形成的包覆结构内部，且竖直叠加；以及
    若干个弹簧连接组件，分别设置在相邻两个所述橡胶弹簧之间，用于将多个所述橡胶弹簧连接成一体，
    所述外套筒的内壁具有n个径向凸起的筒内凸起部，n≥2，
    所述调高垫片、所述锁紧垫片和所述支撑筒上端均具有n个凸起部，其外轮廓形状均与所述筒内凸起部处的所述外套筒的内壁形状相匹配。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的叠加型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述弹簧连接组件包括：
    弹簧连接件，具有一对相背设置的嵌合槽，所述嵌合槽的形状与所述橡胶弹簧的端部相匹配；以及
    多个连接件固定片，安装在所述弹簧连接件上，其端部朝向所述嵌合槽延伸，
    两个所述橡胶弹簧的相对的端部分别嵌合在一对所述嵌合槽中，并被延伸出的所述连接件固定片的端部扣住。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的叠加型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述橡胶弹簧的两端均呈圆形板状，中部径向凹入，
    所述弹簧连接件包括：
    周缘部，呈环状；以及
    盘体，形成在所述周缘部的环内，从而在所述盘体两侧形成一对所述嵌合槽，
    所述周缘部上开设有多个固定片安装槽，沿所述周缘部的圆周均匀分布，
    所述连接件固定片嵌合固定在所述固定片安装槽中。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的叠加型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述支撑底座的内壁具有一圈限位件安装槽，
    所述弹性元件还包括弹簧限位组件，其包括：
    顶部限位件，用于将最上方的所述橡胶弹簧的上端卡合固定在所述支撑筒中；以及
    底部限位件，嵌合在所述限位件安装槽中且向外凸出，用于将最下方的所述橡胶弹簧的下端卡合固定在所述支撑底座中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的叠加型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述顶部限位件为弧形金属件，其截面呈L形，其数量为至少两个，
    所述底部限位件为卡簧。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的叠加型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述支撑筒上开设有多个插销孔，
    所述弹簧限位组件还包括多个多个限位销，分别嵌合在所述插销孔中，将所述顶部限位件朝向所述橡胶弹簧的上端压紧。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的叠加型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述支撑筒的筒内中部设置有支撑板，
    所述支撑板中部开设有定位柱安装孔，
    所述弹簧连接件中部开设有定位柱安装槽，
    所述橡胶弹簧的一端具有定位柱嵌槽，
    所述弹簧限位组件还包括多个定位柱，用于对所述橡胶弹簧进行横向限位，
    一个所述定位柱同时穿过所述支撑板的所述定位柱安装孔和最上方的所述橡胶弹簧的所述定位柱嵌槽，
    其余的所述定位柱同时穿过所述弹簧连接件的所述定位柱安装槽和其他的所述橡胶弹簧的所述定位柱嵌槽。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的叠加型隔振器，其特征在于：
    其中，所述调高垫片的厚度为2mm～10mm，数量为一个或多个。
PCT/CN2022/133900 2022-07-23 2022-11-24 叠加型隔振器 WO2024021393A1 (zh)

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US2573108A (en) * 1947-07-03 1951-10-30 Transit Res Corp Rail truck suspension
JP2001172901A (ja) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-26 West Japan Railway Co まくらぎの防振装置
EP1312826A2 (de) * 2001-11-12 2003-05-21 Bosch Rexroth AG Hydraulisches Federelement
CN102478096A (zh) * 2010-11-26 2012-05-30 成都市新筑路桥机械股份有限公司 一种浮置板隔振装置
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