WO2024021347A1 - 弯型道床 - Google Patents

弯型道床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021347A1
WO2024021347A1 PCT/CN2022/128848 CN2022128848W WO2024021347A1 WO 2024021347 A1 WO2024021347 A1 WO 2024021347A1 CN 2022128848 W CN2022128848 W CN 2022128848W WO 2024021347 A1 WO2024021347 A1 WO 2024021347A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spring
curved
elastic element
height
outer sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/128848
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
厉敏辉
王博
陈天平
郑靖宇
王佳炜
Original Assignee
浙江天铁实业股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 浙江天铁实业股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江天铁实业股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024021347A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024021347A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B19/00Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
    • E01B19/003Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/08Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
    • F16F15/085Use of both rubber and metal springs

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of track vibration and noise reduction, and specifically relates to a curved track bed.
  • the main forms of vibration-absorbing rails include: elastic fasteners, elastic sleepers, integral vibration-absorbing pads, floating track structures, etc.
  • the floating track structure is a more effective form of vibration absorption.
  • existing floating track structures still have multiple problems: First, steel spring isolators are usually used. The existing steel spring isolators have a complex structure, especially the connection of the steel springs, which results in a long construction period for track construction. . Secondly, there is no design for the turning track. When the train passes through the turning track, due to the centrifugal force, the friction between the wheel rim and the rail increases, and the resistance of the train operation also increases accordingly. For safety reasons, the speed of the train turning will also increase.
  • the present invention is carried out to solve the above problems.
  • the purpose is to provide a curved track bed that has ideal vibration and noise reduction effects, can reasonably correct the rail deviation of the curved track section, and is easy to construct.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions. :
  • the invention provides a curved track bed, which is characterized in that it includes: a curved plate body for carrying a curved rail; a plurality of rail under-rail pads arranged below the curved rail; and a plurality of vibration isolation plates.
  • the device is embedded in the curved plate body, and the curved plate body is placed on the base through the vibration isolator, wherein each of the vibration isolators includes an elastic element.
  • the curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein a plurality of the vibration isolators and a plurality of the under-rail pads are arranged in a pair of two along the curved plate body.
  • the extension direction is evenly spaced, a pair of the vibration isolators and a pair of the rail under-rail pads are respectively located below the two curved rails, the connection line of the pair of the vibration isolators and the pair of the The connection lines of the pad plates under the rail are all in the radial direction of the curved plate body.
  • the curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the technical feature that the elastic element of the vibration isolator provided on the outer strand of the track has a smaller stiffness than the elastic element of the vibration isolator provided on the inner strand of the track.
  • the stiffness of the elastic element, one side of the under-rail pad is greater than the other side, and the side with higher stiffness of the under-rail pad faces the outside of the track on the outer strand of the track and on the inner strand of the track.
  • the curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the vibration isolator is an open vibration isolator, the elastic element is a rubber spring, and the open vibration isolator further includes: a jacket The barrel is pre-embedded in the curved plate body, and the rubber spring is arranged below the outer sleeve; a spring support plate is arranged above the rubber spring; a height-adjusting gasket is arranged on the spring support plate Above; and a locking gasket, which is provided above the height-adjusting gasket, is embedded in the outer sleeve, and is connected with the height-adjusting gasket and the spring support plate through a connecting piece.
  • the vibration isolator is an open vibration isolator
  • the elastic element is a rubber spring
  • the open vibration isolator further includes: a jacket The barrel is pre-embedded in the curved plate body, and the rubber spring is arranged below the outer sleeve; a spring support plate is arranged above the rubber
  • the curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the vibration isolator is a regulated vibration isolator, and the elastic element includes a spring-supported upper shell, a spring-supported lower shell and a spring-supported lower shell.
  • the spring supports the upper housing and the rubber spring inside the covering structure formed by the spring supporting lower housing.
  • the regulated vibration isolator also includes: an outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the curved plate body. , the elastic element is arranged below the outer sleeve; the height-adjusting gasket is arranged above the elastic element; and the locking gasket is arranged above the height-adjusting gasket and is embedded in the outer sleeve. Inside the sleeve, it is connected with the height-adjusting gasket and the elastic element through a connecting piece.
  • the curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the vibration isolator is a buried vibration isolator, and the elastic element includes a spring-supported upper shell, a spring-supported lower shell and a spring-supported lower shell.
  • the spring-supported upper housing and the spring-supported lower housing are fitted together to form a rubber spring inside the covering structure.
  • the bottom of the spring-supported lower housing has a limiting post installation groove.
  • the buried vibration isolator also includes : The mounting seat is pre-buried under the curved plate body, and the upper end of the elastic element is embedded in the mounting seat; the height-adjusting gasket is arranged between the elastic element and the base; and the limiting column is embedded at one end. The limiting column is installed in the groove, and the other end is driven into the base for fixation.
  • the curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the vibration isolator is a superposed vibration isolator, and the elastic element includes a support tube, a support base, and is arranged on the support tube and the At least two rubber springs and several spring connection components are provided inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of the support base. A plurality of the rubber springs are stacked vertically, and the spring connection components are arranged between two adjacent rubber springs.
  • the superposed vibration isolator also includes: an outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the curved plate body, and the elastic element is arranged below the outer sleeve; a height-adjusting gasket, arranged above the elastic element; and a locking gasket, arranged above the height-adjusting gasket, embedded in the outer sleeve, and connected to the height-adjusting pad through a connecting piece The piece and the elastic element are connected together.
  • the curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have such technical features, wherein the spring connection assembly has: a spring connection piece with a pair of fitting grooves arranged oppositely, and the shape of the fitting groove is the same as the shape of the fitting groove.
  • the ends of the rubber springs match; and a plurality of connector fixing pieces are installed on the spring connector, the ends of which extend toward the fitting groove, and the opposite ends of the two rubber springs are respectively embedded Collated in a pair of the fitting grooves and buckled by the ends of the extended connecting piece fixing pieces
  • the superposed vibration isolator also includes a spring limiting component, which has: a top limiting piece, It is an arc-shaped metal piece with an L-shaped cross section, which is embedded in the support tube and used to engage and fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring in the support tube; and a bottom limiter, which is a clamping member.
  • the spring is embedded in the support base, and the lower end of the lowermost rubber spring is engaged and fixed in the support base.
  • the curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have such technical features, wherein the vibration isolator is a steel spring vibration isolator, and the elastic element includes a support tube, a support base, and is arranged on the support tube and the The first steel spring and the second steel spring inside the covering structure formed by the supporting base.
  • the steel spring vibration isolator also includes: an outer sleeve, pre-embedded in the curved plate body, the elastic element is arranged below the outer sleeve; a height-adjusting gasket is arranged above the elastic element; and a locking gasket is arranged above the height-adjusting gasket and is embedded in the outer sleeve, and It is connected with the height-adjusting gasket and the elastic element through a connecting piece.
  • the curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the steel spring vibration isolator further includes: a protective cover plate, which is provided at the upper end opening of the outer sleeve and has a relief hole in the middle; And a broken spring indicator, which has: an indicator fixing plate, made of metal, arranged on the locking gasket; an indicating rod mounting seat, made of metal; and a magnet to adsorb and fix the indicating rod mounting seat on the The indicator fixing plate; and a broken spring indicating rod, one end of which is installed in the indicating rod mounting seat, the other end of which is affixed with a reflective indicating sticker, and the other end of which passes through the relief hole.
  • a protective cover plate which is provided at the upper end opening of the outer sleeve and has a relief hole in the middle
  • a broken spring indicator which has: an indicator fixing plate, made of metal, arranged on the locking gasket; an indicating rod mounting seat, made of metal; and a magnet to
  • the curved track bed according to the present invention includes a curved plate body, a plurality of under-rail pads and a plurality of vibration isolators embedded in the curved plate body. Since the curved plate body passes through the vibration isolator containing elastic elements It is placed on the base to form a floating plate, which cuts off the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure. It is also equipped with an under-rail pad, so it can absorb the vibration of the train through multiple elastic elements and under-rail pads. Impact energy can achieve the effect of track vibration and noise reduction at turning tracks.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a curved track bed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the curved track bed at the position of the vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the portion within frame B in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a composite rail under-rail pad in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the middle rail lower pad according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is an exploded structural view of the open vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structural view of the outer sleeve in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring support plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring support plate at different angles in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a three-dimensional structural view of the height-adjusting gasket in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a three-dimensional structural view of the locking gasket in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of an open vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a three-dimensional structural view of an adjustment tool according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the curved track bed at the position of the vibration isolator in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is an exploded structural view of the regulated vibration isolator in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a three-dimensional structural view of the outer sleeve in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a three-dimensional structural view of the limiting column in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the curved track bed at the position of the vibration isolator in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is an exploded structural view of the buried vibration isolator in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of a buried vibration isolator in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is an exploded structural view of the superposed vibration isolator in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is an exploded structural view of the elastic element in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a three-dimensional structural view of the support tube in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view of the support tube in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 28 is a three-dimensional structural view of the support base in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 29 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring connector in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a cross-sectional view of the spring connector in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is an enlarged view of the portion within frame A in Figure 24;
  • Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view of the top limiting member in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of the curved track bed at the position of the vibration isolator in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view of the steel spring isolator in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 35 is a three-dimensional structural view of a broken spring indicator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 36 is an exploded structural view of the broken spring indicator in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 37 is a three-dimensional structural view of the boss-type rail lower pad in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the curved track bed 100 includes a curved plate body 110 with a predetermined radius of curvature, a buckle fitting 112 provided on the curved plate body 110, a composite rail underlay plate 180, and a curved plate body 110 with a predetermined radius of curvature.
  • a plurality of open isolators 120 in the body 110 is shown in Figures 1-3.
  • the curved plate body 110 is placed on the base 200 through a plurality of open vibration isolators 120 to form a floating plate form.
  • one side of the base 200 is set higher than the other side, and the side close to the center of the turning track is lower.
  • the entire curved plate body 110 is placed on the base 200 in an inclined manner.
  • the curved rail 300 is placed on the curved track bed 100 through the buckle fittings 112, and the composite rail lower pad 180 is provided below the curved rail 300 and above the buckle fittings 112.
  • the open vibration isolators 120 are arranged in a pair of two at even intervals along the extension direction of the curved plate body 110.
  • the pair of open vibration isolators 120 are respectively located on the two curved rails 300. , and in the horizontal direction, each open vibration isolator 120 is arranged between two adjacent buckle fittings 112 .
  • the connection line of the pair of open type vibration isolators 120 is in the radial direction of the curved plate body 110 .
  • the composite rail underpad 180 includes a plate body 181 , strip distribution protrusions 182 and point distribution protrusions 183 .
  • the plate body 181 is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and has a first edge 185 and a second edge 186 arranged oppositely.
  • the strip distribution protrusions 182 are provided on one surface of the plate body 181 and include a plurality of strip protrusions 1821 and a plurality of strip grooves 1822 .
  • the strip protrusion 1821 extends along the first edge 185 of the plate body 181 and is integrally formed with the plate body 181 .
  • the number of strip-shaped protrusions 1821 is three, and the three strip-shaped protrusions 1821 are sequentially distributed along the first edge 182 to the second edge 186 of the plate body 181, and their widths gradually become wider.
  • the length and height of each strip protrusion 1821 are consistent.
  • a strip groove 1822 is formed between two adjacent strip protrusions 1821 .
  • the point distribution protrusions 183 and the strip distribution protrusions 182 are arranged on the same surface of the plate body 181 and are distributed from one side of the long side of the middle strip protrusion 1821 to the second edge 186 of the plate body 181, and are also connected with the plate body 181.
  • the plate body 181 is formed integrally.
  • the point distribution protrusion part 183 includes multiple rows of terrace-shaped protrusion groups 1831.
  • the multiple rows of terrace-shaped protrusion groups 1831 are formed along the width direction of the strip-shaped protrusion 1821.
  • Each row of terrace-shaped protrusion groups 1831 includes a plurality of terrace-shaped protrusions 18311.
  • the terrace-shaped protrusions in the same row are The cross-sectional area of each row of trapezoidal protrusions 1831 is the same.
  • the cross-sectional area of each row of trapezoidal protrusions 1831 gradually decreases from the first edge 185 toward the second edge 186 of the plate body 181.
  • Each trapezoidal protrusion 18311 in two adjacent rows is arranged in a staggered position. .
  • the composite under-rail pad 180 of this embodiment is an under-rail pad with a variable stiffness design, and its stiffness gradually decreases from the first edge 185 to the second edge 186 .
  • the open vibration isolator 120 includes an outer sleeve 121 , a rubber spring 122 , a spring support plate 123 , a height-adjusting gasket 124 , a locking gasket 125 , a protective cover 126 and a plurality of connectors 127 .
  • the outer sleeve 121 is made of metal (cast iron) and has a through-type cylindrical structure.
  • the overall height ie, the length of the outer sleeve 121) is consistent with the thickness of the plate body 111.
  • the outer sleeve 121 can be divided into a guide section 1211 located at the upper part and a support section 1212 located at the lower part along its length direction.
  • the guide section 1211 is used to place the spring support plate 123, the height-adjusting gasket 124, and the locking gasket 125 during installation, and plays a guiding role when these plates slide down.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the guide section 1211 is a triangular flange structure, and is formed with three stepped inner barrel protrusions 12111 that protrude radially inwards.
  • the three inner barrel protrusions 12111 are along the central axis of the outer sleeve 121. Evenly distributed.
  • the inner convex portion 12111 extends along the length direction of the outer sleeve 121 , with one end extending to the upper end of the outer sleeve 121 and the other end located at a lower position inside the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the support section 1212 is in a circular tube shape, so the other end of the bulge 12111 in the tube and the support section 1212 form a support step 12111a, which is used to provide support for the rubber spring 122.
  • a surface of the inner barrel convex portion 12111 that is parallel to the central axis of the outer barrel 121 has a certain curvature.
  • the upper end of the outer sleeve 121 has three upper end protrusions 1213 that protrude radially outward.
  • the upper end protrusions 1213 are provided with protective cover connection holes for supporting and connecting the protective cover 126 .
  • the lower end of the outer sleeve 121 has a ring of outwardly protruding flange 1214, forming a skirt-like structure.
  • the outer sleeve 121 of this embodiment is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the plate body 111 when the plate body 111 is cast and manufactured.
  • the flange 1214 can increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the upper end protrusion 1213 also forms a hanging ear structure, which can also increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the rubber spring 122 is disposed under the outer sleeve 121 and uses the elastic deformation of its own rubber material to absorb the vibration energy transmitted from the curved plate body 110 when the train is running, thereby reducing vibration and noise.
  • the upper and lower ends of the rubber spring 122 are in the shape of a circular plate, and the upper and lower ends are wrapped with circular metal plates, so that the rubber spring 122 can bear force more evenly.
  • the rubber spring The middle part of 122 shrinks radially inward.
  • the thickness of the rubber spring 122 in the unstressed state ie, its initial height
  • the thickness of the rubber spring 122 in the unstressed state is 150mm-750mm.
  • the rubber spring 122 has various stiffness specifications. During the production process, the stiffness of the rubber spring 122 can be adjusted by adjusting the rubber composition and production parameters. In this embodiment, the stiffness of the rubber spring 122 disposed on the outer strand of the track is smaller than the stiffness of the rubber spring 122 disposed on the inner strand of the track.
  • the spring support plate 123 is used to provide support for the upper end of the rubber spring 122, and plays a role in supporting and load transmission for the entire track bed system.
  • the spring support plate 123 is made of metal, and its main body is generally in the shape of a circular plate, and has three support plate protrusions 1231 so that the cross-sectional shape of the spring support plate 123 matches the cross-section of the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121 , specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the spring support plate 123 is basically consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the guide section 1211, and the size is slightly smaller than the shape of the inner wall of the guide section 1211.
  • the thickness of the main part of the spring support plate 123 is 25mm-30mm, and the thickness of the three support plate protrusions 1231 is thicker than the main part. Therefore, a hole for covering the upper end of the rubber spring 122 is formed on one side of the spring support plate 123. structure.
  • the spring support plate 123 is provided with three mounting holes 1232, the positions of which correspond to the three support plate protrusions 1231, respectively, for installing the connecting parts 127.
  • the connecting parts 127 are bolts and nuts.
  • the height adjustment washer 124 is used to adjust the installation height of the rubber spring 122 so that the surface height of the curved plate body 110 can comply with the design data.
  • the height-adjusting washer 124 is also made of metal, and its outer contour shape is consistent with the spring support plate 123. It has three height-adjusting plate protrusions 1241, so the description thereof will not be repeated.
  • a substantially circular first relief hole 1242 is provided in the middle of the height-adjusting gasket 124 for allowing corresponding installation tools to extend when installing the vibration isolator.
  • the height-adjusting gasket 124 also has three radially extending first installation grooves 1243. The first installation grooves 1243 are connected with the first relief hole 1243 in the middle. direction. According to the actual required height, one or more stacked height-adjusting gaskets 124 may be used, and the thickness of the height-adjusting gaskets 124 is 2 mm to 10 mm.
  • the locking washer 125 is used to lock the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting washer 124 within the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the locking washer 125 is also made of metal. Its outer ring has the same shape as the spring support plate 123 and has three locking piece protrusions 1251, so the description will not be repeated.
  • a substantially circular second relief hole 1252 is opened in the middle of the locking gasket 125 , and its shape is consistent with the first relief hole 1242 .
  • the locking washer 125 also has three radially extending second installation grooves 1253.
  • the second installation grooves 1253 are connected with the second relief hole 1252 in the middle.
  • the locking piece protrusion 1251 is connected to the extension of the second installation groove 1253. The direction is staggered, and the extension line of the second installation groove 1253 is located between the two locking piece protrusions 1251 .
  • the thickness of the locking washer 125 is 10mm.
  • the shapes of the spring support plate 123, the height adjustment washer 124 and the locking washer 125 all match the inner wall of the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121, these plates can be put in from the upper end opening of the outer sleeve 121. , and slide downward to the support section 1212 while maintaining the angle when it is put in under the guidance of the guide section 1211, thereby facilitating installation.
  • the three first mounting slots 1242 on the height-adjusting gasket 124 and the three second mounting slots 1252 on the locking gasket 125 are evenly distributed, so during installation, the mounting slots and mounting holes on these three plates can form connecting piece mounting holes that run through in the vertical direction, so that connecting pieces 127 can be set to fasten these three plates on Together.
  • the protective cover 126 is used to cover the upper opening of the outer sleeve 161 after the vibration isolator is installed to prevent dust and debris from entering and affecting the vibration isolation effect and service life of the vibration isolator.
  • the shape of the protective cover 126 is consistent with the shape of the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 121, and connector mounting holes are provided at corresponding positions. Therefore, the protective cover 126 can completely cover the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 121.
  • the end surface is fixed on the upper end protrusion 1213 of the outer sleeve 121 through a plurality of connectors.
  • the outer sleeve 121 is pre-embedded in the plate body 111. Since the height of the outer sleeve 121 is consistent with the thickness of the plate body 111, the upper and lower end openings of the outer sleeve 121 are respectively exposed from both sides of the plate body 111. After the installation is completed, the height-adjusting gasket 124 and the three protrusions of the spring support plate 123 are respectively in contact with the three support steps 12111a.
  • the locking gasket 125 is embedded in the bottom of the guide section 1211, and the spring support plate 123, The height-adjusting gasket 124 and the locking gasket 125 are fixedly connected together through the connecting piece 127, thereby fixing the three plates inside the outer sleeve 121.
  • the rubber spring 122 is disposed below the outer sleeve 121 .
  • the upper end of the rubber spring 122 abuts the main body of the spring support plate 123 and is covered by the support plate protrusion 1231 .
  • the lower end of the rubber spring 122 abuts the base 200 .
  • the total thickness of the rubber spring 122, the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting gasket 124 is greater than the distance from the support step 12111a to the lower end of the outer sleeve 121, which makes the lower end of the rubber spring 122 located below and outside the curved plate body 110, that is, even if The curved plate body 110 is not in direct contact with the base 200, but is placed on the base 200 in point contact through a plurality of rubber springs 122, forming a floating plate form.
  • the process of installing the open isolator 120 in the curved plate body 110 specifically includes the following steps:
  • step S1-1 a curved plate body 110 with a plurality of outer sleeves 121 pre-embedded is provided on the base 200.
  • the curved plate body 110 can be a prefabricated plate that is placed on the base 200 by hoisting, or a concrete plate poured on site.
  • each vibration isolator Before pouring, first set the position of each vibration isolator on the base 200 according to the design drawing, place the outer sleeve 161 at the position in advance, then tie the steel frame for pouring the curved plate body 110, install the formwork, and then proceed Concrete is poured to form the curved plate body 110 with the outer sleeve 161 pre-embedded.
  • Step S1-2 Measure the relative height parameter of each outer sleeve 121 through a testing instrument, and set the number and specifications of the corresponding height-adjusting gaskets 124 according to the measured relative height parameter.
  • step S1-3 the curved plate body 110 is lifted to a predetermined construction height through jacking equipment.
  • a plurality of lifting boxes are embedded below the two sides of the curved plate body 110 that are parallel to the extending direction.
  • the lifting boxes are box-shaped metal parts with the opening facing downward.
  • the lifting equipment is a hydraulic jack, including a hydraulic pump, a diverter valve and multiple jack heads.
  • multiple jack heads are respectively embedded in multiple lifting boxes of the curved plate body 110.
  • the lifting height should be such that the distance between the support step 12111a of the outer sleeve 121 embedded in the curved plate body 110 and the base 200 is greater than the rubber spring 122, spring support plate 123 and several height-adjusting pads to be placed.
  • the total thickness is 153, so that the rubber spring 122 is not stressed after being put in, and the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting gasket 124 can be rotated and adjusted. That is, the planned construction height is greater than the final floating height of the panel.
  • Step S1-4 for each outer sleeve 121, sequentially put the rubber spring 122, the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment gasket 124 from the upper end opening of the outer sleeve 121, and use the adjustment tool to adjust the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment gasket 124.
  • the height-adjusting pad 124 is rotated at a predetermined angle so that its plurality of protrusions are located directly below the plurality of support steps 12111a.
  • the number of support steps 12111a is three and they are evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 121. Therefore, the inserted spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting gasket 124 are rotated 60 degrees by an adjusting tool. At this time, the spring The three protrusions of the support plate 123 and the height-adjusting pad 124 are respectively located directly below the three support steps 12111a. After the board body 111 is put down, the three protrusions respectively abut against the three support steps 12111a to form a support structure.
  • the adjustment tool 600 has a T-shaped handle 601 and an adjustment head 602 connected to the other end of the handle 601.
  • the adjustment head 602 has three radially extending adjustment end portions 6021.
  • the position distribution corresponds to the three mounting grooves or mounting holes of the spring support plate 123, the height-adjusting washer 124, and the locking washer 125 respectively.
  • Bolts extending in the vertical direction are installed on the adjusting end 6021 (not shown in the figure).
  • the construction worker can hold the handle 601, extend the adjustment head 602 into the outer sleeve 121, and insert the bolts on the three adjustment ends 6021 into the three bolts of the spring support plate 123 respectively.
  • the handle 601 is then rotated horizontally, so that the spring support plate 123 can be rotated horizontally through the three adjustment ends 6021.
  • Step S1-5 lower the curved plate body 110 through the lifting equipment.
  • each rubber spring 122 enters a stressed state, the curved plate body 110 floats on the base 200, and all loads of the curved plate body 110 are transferred to the spring support plate 123 and the rubber spring through the support step 12111a of the outer sleeve 121 122.
  • Step S1-6 For each outer sleeve 121, put the locking gasket 125 from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121.
  • the locking gasket 125 slides down along the guide section 1211 to the height-adjusting gasket 124, and passes through the bolt. Fasten the locking washer 125, the height-adjusting washer 124 and the spring support plate 123 together to prevent the height-adjusting washer 124 and the spring support plate 123 from rotating and falling off.
  • Step S1-7 For each outer sleeve 121, a protective cover 126 is installed on the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 121 to complete the installation of all open vibration isolators 120 to form the above-mentioned curved track bed 100.
  • the curved track bed 100 provided according to this embodiment includes a curved plate body 110, a plurality of composite under-track pads 180, and a plurality of open vibration isolators 120 embedded in the curved plate body 110. Due to the curved plate body 110, The plate body 110 is placed on the base through an open vibration isolator 120 containing a rubber spring 122, forming a floating plate form to isolate the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure, and is also provided with a composite under-rail pad. 180, so the multiple rubber springs 122 and the composite rail underpad 180 can absorb the impact energy when the train is running, and achieve the effect of track vibration and noise reduction at the curved track.
  • the vibration isolator of this embodiment is an open type vibration isolator, and the rubber spring 122 is formed from the curved plate body.
  • the bottom of the body 110 is exposed, which not only facilitates installation, but also allows the rubber spring 122 to be easily inspected from the gap between the curved plate body 110 and the base 200 after the installation is completed, which is beneficial to subsequent maintenance.
  • multiple pairs of open vibration isolators 120 and multiple pairs of composite rail under-rail pads 180 are evenly spaced along the extension direction of the curved plate body 110, and the connections of each pair are in the radial direction of the curved plate body 110. superior.
  • the rubber spring 122 arranged on the outer strand of the track has a relatively lower stiffness.
  • the composite rail lower pad 180 also has a variable stiffness design. The side with higher stiffness is arranged on the outside of the track and the side with lower stiffness. Set inside the track.
  • the curved track bed 100 of this embodiment has a targeted design, providing a stronger vibration damping effect on the outer strands of the track, and a stronger supporting force on the inner strands of the track, and through the variable stiffness of the under-rail pad. It is set up to correct the deviation of the rails on both sides. Therefore, it can not only achieve a more ideal vibration and noise reduction effect, provide passengers with a better riding experience, but also better balance the stress on the wheels on both sides when the train is cornering. This can improve the efficiency of trains in cornering, reduce the wear and tear of curved rails and train hubs, and improve the service life, safety and reliability of related track facilities.
  • the outer contour shapes of the spring support plate 123, the height-adjusting washer 124 and the locking washer 125 all match the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121, during installation, only the rubber spring 122 and the spring spring 122 need to be moved in sequence.
  • the support plate 123, the height-adjusting gasket 124 and the locking gasket 125 are put in from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121, and the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting gasket 124 are rotated at a predetermined angle so that they are in contact with the outer sleeve 121
  • the bulge 12111 inside the barrel forms a support structure, which can be fixed through connectors to complete the installation of the vibration isolator.
  • the construction is convenient, the construction time is shorter, and the labor intensity of workers is lower. Since a detachable structure is used instead of welding to realize the support structure, the open vibration isolator 120 can be easily disassembled and replaced during subsequent maintenance, and the rubber spring 122 can be replaced.
  • This embodiment provides a curved track bed. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that this embodiment uses vibration isolators with different structures.
  • the regulated vibration isolator 130 includes an outer sleeve 131, an elastic element 132, a height adjustment gasket 133, a locking gasket 134, a plurality of connectors 135, a limiting column 136 and a protective cover. 137.
  • the structure of the outer sleeve 131 is similar to the structure of the outer sleeve 121 of the first embodiment. The difference is that two circles of stepped structures are formed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 131.
  • the upper circle is In order to lift the step 13111a, the lower circle is the support step 13121a, and one end of the support step 13121a extends downward in the length direction of the outer sleeve 131 to form a lateral limiting structure.
  • a spring limiting protrusion 13121b is provided at one of the support steps 13121a. After the installation is completed, the spring limiting protrusion 13121b abuts the upper end surface of the elastic element 132 to limit the circular motion of the elastic element 132.
  • the elastic element 132 includes an upper housing 1321 for regulation, a lower housing 1322 for regulation, and a rubber spring 1323 .
  • the upper housing 1321 for regulation is made of metal material, has a non-circular cover shape, and has three outwardly protruding support parts 13211.
  • the upper end surface of the regulatory upper housing 1321 has a circular relief groove 13212, which is used to provide space for corresponding tools during installation; the inner surface has a circular embedding groove 13213, and the shape and size of the embedding groove 13213 are consistent with The upper end of the rubber spring 1323 matches.
  • the inner diameter of the upper regulating housing 1321 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the lower regulating housing 1322 .
  • the lower housing 1322 for regulation is also made of metal and has a circular cover shape.
  • the inner diameter of the lower housing 1322 for regulation matches the lower end of the rubber spring 1323.
  • the outer periphery of the regulation lower housing 1322 has two annular rubber ring grooves 13221 for fitting and installing the limiting rubber ring 1324.
  • the middle part of the bottom surface of the lower housing 1322 for regulation has a circular limiting column installation groove 13222 for setting the limiting column 136.
  • the limiting column 136 is also embedded in the base 200 to limit the level of the elastic element 132 relative to the base 200. Displacement.
  • the structure of the rubber spring 1323 is consistent with that in Embodiment 1.
  • the opening of the lower housing 1322 for regulation is upward, and the opening of the upper housing 1321 for regulation is downwardly covered on the lower housing 1322 for regulation, forming a covering structure.
  • the limiting rubber ring 1324 is fitted in the rubber ring groove 13221 of the lower housing 1322 for regulation, and the limiting rubber ring 1324 protrudes outward from the rubber ring groove 13221.
  • the protruding part of the limiting rubber ring 1324 is in line with the regulations.
  • the inner surfaces of the upper housing 1321 are in contact with each other to form a horizontal limit on the upper and lower housings.
  • the upper end of the rubber spring 1323 is fitted in the embedding groove 13211 of the upper regulating housing 1321 and fixed by bonding; the lower end of the rubber spring 1323 is fitted in the lower regulating housing 1322 and is also fixed by bonding. fixed, thereby forming an elastic element 132 with an elastic buffering effect as a whole.
  • the structures of the height-adjusting gasket 133, the locking gasket 134, and the protective cover 137 are all consistent with those in the first embodiment and will not be described again.
  • the limiting column 136 is a pin-shaped metal part with an upper cylindrical end 1361 and a lower cylindrical end 1362 .
  • the upper cylindrical end 1361 is inserted into the limiting column installation groove 13222 of the lower housing 1322 for regulation, and the lower cylindrical end 1362 is driven into the base 200 and fixed.
  • the diameter of the upper cylindrical end 1361 is larger than that of the lower cylindrical end 1362, so a step structure is formed in the upper middle part of the limiting column 136 for limiting the driving depth of the limiting column 136 when driving into the base 200.
  • the installation process of the regulated vibration isolator 130 of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the difference is that in step S1-1, the limiting post 136 is also pre-drilled at a predetermined position on the base 200;
  • the regulated vibration isolator 130 does not include a spring support plate, and the regulatory upper housing 1321 functions as a spring support plate. Therefore, in step S1-4, the elastic elements 132 and 132 are sequentially put in from the upper end opening of the outer sleeve 131. Correspond to the height-adjusting pad 133, and rotate the elastic element 132 and the height-adjusting pad 133 by 60 degrees. Other processes are the same as in Embodiment 1.
  • a plurality of regulated vibration isolators 130 are used to form a floating plate form, so that the same vibration and noise reduction and track correction effects as in the first embodiment can be achieved.
  • rubber springs generally have degrees of freedom in multiple directions such as vertical, transverse, longitudinal, torsional, etc.
  • the rubber spring 1323 is provided in the upper housing 1321 for regulation and the lower shell for regulation. Inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of body 1322, the lateral and longitudinal degrees of freedom of rubber spring 1323 are reasonably restrained through the covering structure, which is equivalent to strengthening the lateral stiffness of rubber spring 1323, so that rubber spring 1323 can stabilize , ideal vibration damping effect, and can extend the service life of rubber spring 1323.
  • the elastic element 132 including the rubber spring 1323 can be pre-assembled and only needs to be installed as a whole during track construction, so it is easy to install and maintain, and can improve the overall efficiency of track construction.
  • This embodiment provides a curved track bed. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that this embodiment uses vibration isolators with different structures, and the structure of the curved plate body is also different from that in Embodiment 1.
  • the buried vibration isolator 140 includes a mounting base 141, an elastic element 142, a height-adjusting gasket 143 and a limiting column 144.
  • the mounting base 141 is a metal embedded part, which is pre-set at a corresponding position in the steel frame when the concrete curved plate body 110 is poured.
  • the mounting base 141 is in the shape of a circular cover, and its shell has a thickness of 8 mm to 12 mm.
  • the upper end of the mounting base 141 has a ring of flange for increasing the adhesion and bearing capacity of the embedded mounting base 141 .
  • the elastic element 142 is generally cylindrical in shape, and its diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting base 141 .
  • the elastic element 142 includes an upper spring-supported housing 1421 , a lower spring-supported housing 1422 , a rubber spring 1423 and a plurality of limiting rubber rings 1424 .
  • the spring support upper housing 1421 is made of metal material and is in the shape of a circular cover.
  • the inner surface of the top has a circular embedding groove 14211.
  • the shape and size of the embedding groove 14211 match the upper end of the rubber spring 1423.
  • the spring support lower shell 1422 is also made of metal material and has a circular cover shape, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the spring support upper shell 1421, so the two can be fitted together, and the spring support upper shell 1421 is covered in
  • the spring supports the outside of the lower housing 1422 to form a covering structure.
  • the inner diameter of the spring support lower housing 1422 matches the rubber spring 1423.
  • the outer periphery of the spring-supported lower housing 1422 has two annular rubber ring installation grooves 14221 for fitting and installing the limiting rubber ring 1424; the middle of the bottom surface of the spring-supported lower housing 1422 has a circular limiting post. Installation slot 14222 is used to install the limiting column 144.
  • the structure of the rubber spring 1423 is the same as in Embodiment 1.
  • the rubber spring 1423 is disposed inside the covering structure formed by fitting the upper spring supporting housing 1421 and the lower spring supporting housing 1422.
  • the upper end of the rubber spring 1423 is embedded in the embedding groove 14211 and fixed by bonding; the lower end of the rubber spring 1423 is embedded in the spring support lower housing 1422 and is also fixed by bonding.
  • the two limiting rubber rings 1424 are respectively fitted into the two rubber ring mounting grooves 14221 of the spring-supported lower housing 1422, and the limiting rubber rings 1424 protrude outward from the rubber ring mounting grooves 14221, and the limiting rubber rings 1424 protrude.
  • the protruding part abuts the inner surface of the spring-supported upper housing 1421, thereby forming a lateral limit for the upper and lower housings.
  • the height-adjusting spacers 143 are used to adjust the installation height of the spring assembly 142, thereby adjusting the height of various places on the upper surface of the track bed plate 110.
  • the height-adjusting gasket 143 is a circular sheet-shaped metal piece, and its diameter is substantially consistent with the diameter of the spring assembly 142 .
  • a circular relief hole 1431 is provided in the middle of the height-adjusting gasket 143 for the limiting post 144 to pass through during installation.
  • the height-adjusting gasket 143 has a variety of rules and has different thicknesses, ranging from 2 mm to 25 mm. According to the actual needs of the track, each vibration isolator can be provided with one or more height-adjusting pads 143.
  • the structure of the limiting column 144 is the same as that in the second embodiment.
  • the mounting base 141 is embedded in the lower part of the curved plate body 110, forming a circular mounting groove that opens downward, and the upper end of the elastic element 142 (i.e., the spring-supported upper housing 1421) is installed on the mounting base. 141, the lower end (ie, the spring-supported lower housing 1422) is placed on the base 200, and a limiting structure is formed by the limiting column 144.
  • the process of installing buried vibration isolator 140 specifically includes the following steps:
  • step S3-1 the limiting post 144 is driven into the predetermined isolator position on the base 200.
  • Step S3-2 Place corresponding height-adjusting spacers 143 and elastic elements 142 in sequence at predetermined isolator positions on the base 200.
  • step S3-3 the prefabricated curved plate body 110 is placed on the base 200 through hoisting equipment, and each mounting seat 141 embedded below the curved plate body 110 is aligned with each elastic element 142 respectively.
  • each elastic element 142 After being aligned and put down, the upper end of each elastic element 142 is embedded in the corresponding mounting seat 141, and the curved plate body 110 enters the spring-supported state.
  • Step S3-4 Use a force detection tool to detect the force of all elastic elements 142 to determine whether there is looseness.
  • Step S3-4a determine whether there is looseness according to the detection result of step S3-4. If it is determined to be yes, it will proceed to step S3-5. If it is determined to be no, it will enter the end state.
  • step S3-5 the curved plate body 110 is lifted up again by the hoisting equipment, and the height-adjusting gasket 143 under the unstressed elastic element 142 is replaced according to the force detection result, and then returns to step S3-4.
  • All elastic elements 142 should be fully stressed. If it is found that some elastic elements 142 are loose and unstressed, the curved plate body 110 will be lifted up again, and the required height adjustment shims will be recalculated based on the force detection results. 143, and replace the height-adjusting gaskets 143 accordingly, and then return to step S3-4 to perform force detection again. Repeat this process until all elastic elements 142 are fully stressed, thereby ensuring the track vibration damping effect and operational safety.
  • a plurality of buried vibration isolators 140 are used to form a floating plate form, so that the same vibration and noise reduction and track correction effects as in the first embodiment can be achieved.
  • the buried vibration isolator 140 of this embodiment only includes a pre-embedded mounting base 141, an elastic element 142, a height-adjusting gasket 143 and a limiting column 144. Therefore, the structure is streamlined, the installation is convenient, and the track construction time can be greatly reduced.
  • the rubber spring 1423 is arranged inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of the spring support upper housing 1421 and the spring support lower housing 1422. Therefore, the lateral and longitudinal deformation of the rubber spring 1423 is reasonably restrained by the covering structure. , and avoids the influence of external debris, dust, etc. on the rubber spring 1423, so it is beneficial to maintain the ideal stiffness of the rubber spring 1423, ensure its vibration reduction effect, and increase its service life.
  • the buried vibration isolator 140 is arranged below the curved plate body 110, and the vibration isolator structure cannot be seen from above the curved plate body 110. Therefore, the curved plate body 110 of this embodiment also has beautiful appearance and good integrity. advantage. At the same time, because the buried vibration isolator 140 is only provided under the curved plate body 110, the buried vibration isolator 140 can be placed directly under the rail to achieve better vibration reduction effect.
  • This embodiment provides a curved track bed. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that this embodiment uses vibration isolators with different structures.
  • the stacked vibration isolator 150 includes an outer sleeve 151 , a locking washer 152 , a height-adjusting washer 153 and an elastic element 154 .
  • the outer sleeve 151 is made of metal material and has a through-type circular cylindrical structure.
  • the overall height ie, the length of the outer sleeve 151
  • the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 has two sets of inner-sleeve protrusions 1511 , each group includes three, and the three in one set are distributed at the same height inside the sleeve and evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 151 .
  • the two groups of inner protrusions 1511 are aligned in the vertical direction. That is to say, two circles of step-like structures are formed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 , among which the upper one is the lifting step 1512 and the lower one is the supporting step 1513 .
  • the outer sleeve 151 is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is embedded in the concrete slab 111 when the concrete slab 111 is cast.
  • two pairs of fixing pins 1514 are provided outside the outer sleeve 151.
  • the two pairs of fixing pins 1514 is arranged at different heights on the outer sleeve 151, and the extending directions are perpendicular to each other, that is, arranged in a cross, for binding and fixing in reinforced concrete slabs; the lower end of the outer sleeve 151 has a circle of outwardly protruding flange 1515 , forming a skirt structure to increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the embedded outer sleeve.
  • the structures of the locking gasket 152 and the height-adjusting gasket 153 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the elastic element 154 includes a support tube 1541, a support base 1542, two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, a spring connection component 1544, and a spring limiting component 1545.
  • the support tube 1541 and the support base 1542 respectively provide support for the stacked rubber spring 1543 from top to bottom.
  • the spring connection component 1544 is used to connect the two rubber springs 1543 into a whole
  • the spring limiting component 1545 is used to form the two rubber springs 153 into a whole.
  • the two ends of the whole body are respectively fixed in the support tube 1541 and the support base 1542.
  • the support tube 1541 is made of metal and is used to provide support for the upper end of the stacked rubber spring 153.
  • the support tube 1541 has a semi-enclosed structure and includes a plate-shaped top 15411, a first cylindrical part 15412, an internal support plate 15413 and a second cylindrical part 15414.
  • the outer contour shape of the plate-shaped top 15411 is consistent with the height-adjusting gasket 153 , and its thickness is thicker than the height-adjusting gasket 153 .
  • the ends of the three first installation grooves 1523 of the gasket 153 are also used for insertion of installation tools during installation.
  • the three mounting holes on the top of the support tube 1541, the mounting grooves of the locking gasket 152, and the height-adjusting gasket 153 can form three connector mounting holes that pass through in the vertical direction.
  • the first cylindrical part 15412 and the second cylindrical part 15414 are both circular and cylindrical with the same diameter. The difference is that the length of the first cylindrical part 15412 is fixed, and the length of the second cylindrical part 15414 can be determined according to the rubber spring. 1543 size and quantity adjustment, the length of the second cylindrical part 15414 should be such that when none of the rubber springs 1543 are stressed (when the overall height of the multiple rubber springs 1543 is maximum), the second cylindrical part 15414 and the support base 1542 are still embedded. combine.
  • a plurality of latch holes 15414a are opened above the second cylindrical portion 15414 for arranging corresponding components in the spring limiting assembly 1545. In this embodiment, there are four latch holes 15414a, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second cylindrical part 15414.
  • the inner support plate 15413 is a circular metal plate, welded between the first cylindrical part 15412 and the second cylindrical part 15414, and has the same diameter as the first cylindrical part 15412 and the second cylindrical part 15414.
  • the inner support plate 15413 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 form a downward circular opening for installing the rubber spring 1543.
  • the support base 1542 is used to support and limit the lower end of the stacked rubber spring 153.
  • the support base 1542 is also made of metal material and is in the shape of a circular cover, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the second cylindrical part 15414, so it can be slidably fitted into the second cylindrical part 15414.
  • the inner wall of the support base 1542 has a circle of limiter installation grooves 15421 and a square relief groove 15422.
  • the limiter installation groove 15421 is used to install the corresponding parts of the spring limit assembly 1545
  • the square relief groove 15422 is used to install the spring limiter assembly 1545.
  • the corresponding structure in the spring limit assembly 1545 gives way.
  • the structure of the two rubber springs 1543 is the same as in Embodiment 1.
  • Two rubber springs 1543 are vertically stacked and connected as a whole through a spring connection assembly 1544.
  • the two rubber springs 1543 are integrally arranged inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of the support tube 1541 and the support base 1542.
  • the spring connection assembly 1544 includes a spring connection piece 15441, a plurality of connection piece fixing pieces 15442, and a plurality of fixing pieces 15443.
  • the spring connector 15441 is an integrally molded piece made of metal and has an annular peripheral portion 54411 and a circular disk body 54412 formed within the circle of the peripheral portion 54411. Both sides of the peripheral portion 54411 extend vertically from both sides of the disk body 54412. out, and the inner diameter of the peripheral portion 54411 matches the diameter of the rubber spring 1543.
  • the cross section of the spring connector 15441 is H-shaped. Therefore, on both sides of the disk body 54412, the peripheral portion 54411 and the disk body 54412 form a pair of circular fitting grooves 54413 for fitting the ends of the rubber spring 1543. A pair of fitting grooves 54413 are arranged opposite to each other, with the openings facing both sides respectively.
  • fixing piece mounting grooves 54411a there are four square fixing piece mounting grooves 54411a on the peripheral portion 54411.
  • the bottom of the fixing piece mounting grooves 54411a has fixing piece mounting holes 54411b for fitting and installing the connecting piece fixing piece 15442 and setting the fixing pieces 15443.
  • the four fixing piece mounting grooves 54411a are evenly distributed along the circumference.
  • the connector fixing piece 15442 is a "U"-shaped metal piece with a through connector mounting hole in the middle.
  • the connector fixing piece 15442 is fitted and installed in the fixing piece mounting groove 54411a, and is fixed by the fixing piece 15443.
  • the fixing part 15443 is a screw.
  • the two ends of the connector fixing piece 15442 respectively extend toward the two fitting grooves 54413 to form a hook-shaped structure.
  • the lower end of the upper rubber spring 1543 is fitted into the circular fitting groove 54413 above the spring connector 15441, and the upper end of the lower rubber spring 1543 is fitted into the circular fitting groove 54413 below the spring connector 15441.
  • slot 54413 and is fixed through four connecting piece fixing pieces 15442 and four fixing pieces 15443.
  • the connecting piece fixed piece 15442 and the spring connecting piece 15441 form a hook-like structure to catch the end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby connecting the two superimposed rubber springs 1543 into an integrated elastic structure.
  • the two ends of the two stacked rubber springs 1543 are also fixed by the spring limiting assembly 1545.
  • the spring limiting assembly 1545 includes a pair of top limiting parts 15451 , a bottom limiting part 15452 , a plurality of limiting pins 15453 and a plurality of positioning posts 15454 .
  • the number of positioning posts 15454 is set according to the number of rubber springs 1543, which is two in this embodiment.
  • the top stopper 15451 is used to fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring 1543 in the support tube 1541.
  • the top stopper 15451 is an arc-shaped metal piece with an L-shaped cross-section. Therefore, after installation, it can not only block the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 laterally, but also buckle the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.
  • the plurality of limit pins 15453 respectively pass through the plurality of pin holes 15414a on the second cylindrical part 15414, and press the pair of top limiters 15451 toward the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 from multiple directions, thereby firmly buckling it. Close the upper end of rubber spring 1543.
  • the bottom limiter 15452 is a snap spring, which is fitted in the limiter installation groove 15421 of the support base 1542 and protrudes outward from the groove to engage the lower end of the bottom rubber spring 1543 with the support base. Within 1542.
  • the diameter of the connection position of the two rubber springs 1543 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the support tube 1511. Therefore, during the elastic vibration damping process, the two rubber springs 1543 The ends are well restricted, so that the overall elastic structure formed by multiple rubber springs 1543 remains stable during the expansion and contraction process.
  • the positioning post 15454 is composed of two cylindrical sections, one of which has a larger diameter, so a stepped structure is formed in the middle of the positioning post 15454.
  • the smaller diameter cylindrical section of the positioning post 15454 is embedded in the positioning post installation groove 15413a of the internal support plate 15413, and the larger diameter cylindrical section is embedded in the positioning post embedding groove 15431 at the upper end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby protecting the rubber spring 1543.
  • the horizontal position is limited, and the step structure in the middle makes it difficult to come out.
  • the elastic element 154 can be pre-assembled as a whole and only needs to be installed as a whole during track construction.
  • the elastic element 154 includes two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543.
  • the elastic element 154 can also include more vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, and the two adjacent rubber springs 1543 are separated by the above-mentioned Just use the spring connection component 1544 to connect.
  • the process of installing the stacked vibration isolator 150 is basically the same as that of the second embodiment, so the description will not be repeated.
  • multiple stacked vibration isolators 150 are used to form a floating plate form, so that the same vibration and noise reduction and track correction effects as in the first embodiment can be achieved.
  • the elastic element 154 of the superposed vibration isolator 150 includes a plurality of vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, which are connected as a whole through the spring connection assembly 1544, and the uppermost rubber spring 1543 and the lowermost rubber spring 1543 are connected by the spring.
  • the limiting components 1545 are respectively fixed in the support tube 1541 and the support base 1542 to form an integral elastic element 154 .
  • the elastic element 154 can be pre-assembled and only needs to be installed as a whole during track construction, so it is easy to install and maintain and can greatly reduce the time of track construction.
  • the elastic element 154 includes a plurality of vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, its stiffness has a wide adjustable range, and the overall height of the superimposed vibration isolator 150 has a wide adjustable range.
  • the overall stiffness is 1/2 of a single rubber spring 1543; in the case of three superimposed rubber springs 1543, the overall stiffness is 1/3 of a single rubber spring 1543, so that And so on. Even if the material formula and manufacturing process are adjusted, the stiffness of a single rubber spring 1543 is difficult to reach such a numerical range. Therefore, compared with a single rubber spring 1543, the elastic element 154 of this embodiment has a greatly increased stiffness range and can be well applied to Various working conditions.
  • This embodiment provides a curved track bed. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that this embodiment uses vibration isolators with different structures.
  • the steel spring isolator 160 includes an outer sleeve 161, a locking washer 162, a height-adjusting washer 163, an elastic element 164, a protective cover 165 and a broken spring indicator 166.
  • the structures of the outer sleeve 161, the locking gasket 162, and the height-adjusting gasket 163 are the same as those in the fourth embodiment.
  • the elastic element 164 includes a support tube 1641 , a support base 1642 , a pair of spring end stoppers 1643 , a first steel spring 1644 and a second steel spring 1645 .
  • the structures of the support tube 1641 and the support base 1642 are the same as those in the fourth embodiment.
  • the support tube 1641 and the support base 1642 are also spring housings used to accommodate steel springs.
  • a pair of spring end stoppers 1643 are respectively provided at the middle of the inner top surface of the support tube 1641 and the middle of the inner bottom surface of the support base 1642.
  • the cross-section of the spring end limiter 1643 is generally T-shaped, and it has a first cylindrical section 16431 and a second cylindrical section 16432, and the diameter of the second cylindrical section 16432 is smaller than the first cylindrical section 16431, so The middle portion of the end face of the first cylindrical section 16431 extends out. Therefore, one annular end of the second steel spring 1645 can be sleeved on the second cylindrical section 16432 and abut against the first cylindrical section 16431, thereby limiting both ends of the second steel spring 1645.
  • a cylindrical protrusion is formed on the other side of the first cylindrical section 16431, and the cylindrical protrusion of the upper spring end stopper 1643 is fitted and fixed in the stopper embedding groove on the inner top surface of the support tube 1641.
  • the cylindrical protrusion of the lower spring end stopper 1643 is fitted and fixed in the circular mounting hole on the inner bottom surface of the support base 1642.
  • the first steel spring 1644 and the second steel spring 1645 are both arranged inside the covering space formed by the fitting of the support tube 1641 and the support base 1642. Among them, the overall diameter of the first steel spring 1644 is larger than the second steel spring 1645, and the overall diameter of the first steel spring 1644 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the support base 1642, and its two ends are respectively embedded in the support tube 1641 and the support base 1642.
  • the second steel spring 1645 is set in the first steel spring 1644.
  • the first steel spring 1644 and the second steel spring 1645 are both made of wound steel bars.
  • the diameter of the steel bars of the first steel spring 1644 is larger than that of the second steel spring 1645.
  • the steel bars of the second steel spring 1645 are wound. Make more turns.
  • the protective cover 165 is a metal plate-shaped piece, and its outer contour shape matches the shape of the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 161. It is used to seal the upper end opening of the outer sleeve 161 after the vibration isolator is installed to prevent dust and debris. Objects etc. enter through the upper opening.
  • a circular relief hole is provided in the middle of the protective cover 165 .
  • the structure of the limiting post 167 is the same as that in the second embodiment.
  • the broken spring indicator 166 includes an indicator fixing plate 1661, an indicating rod mounting base 1662, a magnet 1663, a fastening nut 1664, a broken spring indicating rod 1665 and a reflective indicating sticker 1666.
  • the indicator fixing plate 1661 is a triangular plate made of metal. Three fixing plate mounting holes 16611 are respectively provided near the three ends of the triangle. The distribution of the three fixing plate mounting holes 16611 is consistent with the elastic element 164 and height adjustment. The distribution of the three mounting holes and mounting slots of the gasket 163 is consistent. Therefore, the indicator fixing plate 1661 is set above the locking gasket 162. The bolts and nuts can also be used with the locking gasket 162 and the height-adjusting gasket. 163 and elastic element 164 are fastened together.
  • the indicator rod mounting base 1662 is made of the same material as the indicator fixing plate 1661. It is cylindrical in shape as a whole and has an indicating rod mounting hole 16621 in the middle. The indicating rod mounting hole 16621 has internal threads.
  • the magnet 1663 is a powerful magnet capable of adsorbing to the metal material of the indicator fixing plate 1661. It is cylindrical and attracts and fixes the indicator rod mounting base 1662 on the indicator fixing plate 1661.
  • the broken spring indicating rod 1665 is a cylindrical metal rod, one end of which has an external thread (not shown in the figure). This end is screwed into the indicating rod mounting hole 16621 of the indicating rod mounting base 1662 and is locked by a fastening nut 1664 Tight; the other end is affixed with a reflective indication sticker 1666, which is also the indication end of the entire broken spring indicator 166.
  • the protective cover 165 has a circular relief hole in the middle for allowing one end of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 to pass through.
  • the length of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 is slightly larger than the distance from the bottom surface of the indicator rod installation hole 16621 to the top surface of the protective cover 165. After the installation is completed, the end with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 is exposed from above the protective cover 165.
  • Figure 34 shows the overall state diagram of the vibration isolator when both steel springs are in a normal state.
  • the reflective indicator sticker 1666 is exposed from above the protective cover 165.
  • the maintenance worker can observe the reflective indicator sticker 1666 and learn that the steel spring is in normal condition. The state of the spring.
  • the broken spring indicator 166 can be pre-assembled, installed in the state shown in Fig. 35, and assembled as a whole when the vibration isolator is installed.
  • step S1-6 the locking After gasket 162 do not install the connector first; between step S1-6 and step S1-7, it also includes: step S1-6a, put in the broken spring indicator 166 and rotate it so that it matches the locking gasket and the adjustment Height washers and the like form a plurality of through-connection mounting holes; and step S1-6b, connect the broken spring indicator 166, the locking washer 162, the height-adjusting washer 163 and the elastic element 164 through the connectors.
  • step S1 - 7 when it is installed on the protective cover 165 , the end of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 is passed through the relief hole in the middle of the protective cover 165 .
  • a plurality of steel spring isolators 160 are used to form a floating plate, so that the same vibration and noise reduction and track correction effects as in the first embodiment can be achieved.
  • the elastic element 164 includes two steel springs with different diameters and a nested structure arranged in the spring housing. Therefore, when one of them breaks and fails, the other steel spring can still play a certain supporting role and provide a certain system redundancy. It improves the safety of the track; such a setting also increases flexibility.
  • one of the steel springs can be used as a standard part with fixed stiffness, and the other steel spring can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that it can be more convenient and faster Adjust the overall stiffness of the elastic element 164.
  • the steel spring isolator 160 also includes a broken spring indicator 166 disposed above the elastic element 164, which indicates the status of the two steel springs through a broken spring indicator rod 1665 with a reflective indicator sticker 1666 attached to one end.
  • the reflective indicator sticker 1666 can be observed from the outside; when one or both of the two springs break and fail, the overall height of the elastic element 164 is reduced, driving the broken spring indicator rod 1665 on it.
  • the reflective indicator sticker 1666 cannot be observed from the outside, thereby intuitively indicating the status of the two steel springs, making it easier for maintenance workers to observe and perform timely maintenance and replacement.
  • broken spring indicators include pointer type, electronic trigger type, etc., and their structural complexity and cost are higher than the solution of this embodiment.
  • the broken spring indicator 166 of this embodiment is simple, effective and low-cost. Due to the track The number of vibration isolators used in the whole application is large, so using the broken spring indicator 166 of this embodiment can save a lot of costs while ensuring the detection effect.
  • the broken spring indicator rod 1665 is installed on the indicator rod mounting base 1662, which is fixed on the indicator fixing plate 1661 through the magnet 1663.
  • the steel spring isolator 160 has a certain lateral position.
  • the installation position of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 can be easily adjusted by moving the magnet part 1663 and adjusting its adsorption position, ensuring that the reflective indicator sticker 1666 is properly exposed, which facilitates construction.
  • This embodiment provides a curved track bed. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that this embodiment uses under-rail pads with different structures.
  • the boss-type rail underpad 190 has a plate body 191 , point distribution protrusions 192 and legs 193 .
  • the plate body 191 is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and has a first edge 195 and a second edge 196 arranged oppositely.
  • the point distribution protrusions 192 include a plurality of trapezoidal protrusions 1921 whose upper surfaces are flush.
  • the plurality of trapezoidal protrusions 1921 are distributed from the first edge 195 of the plate body 191 to the second edge 196 .
  • the plurality of trapezoidal protrusions 1921 form multiple rows of trapezoidal protrusion groups in the length direction of the plate body 191, and two adjacent rows of trapezoidal protrusion groups are disposed in a staggered manner.
  • the cross-sectional area of the trapezoidal protrusions 1921 in each row is the same, and the cross-sectional area of the trapezoidal protrusions 1921 in each row gradually decreases from the first edge 195 to the second edge 196 .
  • the boss-type rail underpad 190 of this embodiment is also an underrail pad with a variable stiffness design, which is roughly the same as the composite rail underpad 180 of the first embodiment. From the first edge 195 to the second edge 196 , its stiffness gradually decreases.
  • the installation method of the boss-type rail underpad 190 is also the same as that of the composite rail underpad 180, that is, the second edge 196 with less rigidity is installed on the side facing the inside of the track.
  • the curved track bed of Embodiments 2 to 5 can also use the boss-shaped rail lower pad 190 of this embodiment.
  • a boss-type rail lower pad 190 with the same variable stiffness design is used, so the same vibration and noise reduction and track correction effects as in the first embodiment can be achieved.
  • boss-shaped rail lower pad 190 of this embodiment only has a plurality of table-shaped protrusions 19, so it is relatively easier to produce and the cost is lower.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种弯型道床,包括弯型板体、复数个轨下垫板以及嵌设在弯型板体中的复数个隔振器,由于弯型板体通过包含有弹性元件的隔振器载置在基底上,形成浮置板形式,隔断轨道结构和基底结构之间的刚性联结,且还设置有轨下垫板,因此能够通过多个弹性元件以及轨下垫板吸收列车行驶时的冲击能量,在转弯轨道处实现轨道减振降噪的效果。进一步,设置在轨道外股的弹性元件具有相对更低刚度,轨下垫板具有变刚度设计,其具有更高刚度的一侧朝向轨道外侧,因此本发明的弯型道床具有针对性的设计,不仅能减振降噪,还能对弯型钢轨实现纠偏,更好地平衡列车过弯时两侧车轮的受力情况,从而提高过弯效率,且提高相关设施的使用寿命及安全性、可靠性。

Description

弯型道床 技术领域
本发明属于轨道减振降噪技术领域,具体涉及一种弯型道床。
背景技术
随着经济、科学的发展,轨道交通趋向高速化、稳定化,机械设备趋向精密化。为响应行业发展需求,克服振动对结构的稳固、车辆的运行安全及机械设备的精密度的影响,就必须有能够有效减振降噪的技术和产品,以提高结构的稳定,保证轨道线路运行的安全和保证机械设备较高的精密度。
现有技术中,减振轨道的形式主要有:弹性扣件、弹性轨枕、整体减振垫、浮置式轨道结构等,其中浮置式轨道结构是更为有效的减振形式。然而,现有的浮置式轨道结构仍具有多个问题:其一,通常采用钢弹簧隔振器,现有的钢弹簧隔振器结构复杂,尤其钢弹簧的连接复杂,导致轨道施工的工期长。其二,没有针对于转弯轨道的设计,列车经过转弯轨道时,由于离心力的作用,轮缘与钢轨的摩擦增加,列车运行的阻力也相应增加,出于安全考虑,列车过弯的速度也会相应降低,这些因素都导致列车过弯时噪音、波磨等灾害增加,且对轨道设施的使用寿命也有很大的影响。采用现有的应用于直线型轨道的浮置式轨道结构,无法很好地消除上述的灾害。其三,转弯轨道处的两条钢轨具有一定高差及偏转角度,在列车驶过时受力不均衡,由于现有的浮置式轨道结构没有针对于转弯轨道的纠偏设计,采用这样的结构可能导致转弯轨道处钢轨的磨损情况加重。
因此,为解决上述问题,迫切需要一种有针对性设计的、适用于转弯轨道处的减振结构。
发明内容
本发明是为解决上述问题而进行的,目的在于提供一种具有理想减振降噪效果、能够对弯型轨道段的钢轨实现合理纠偏且易于施工的弯型道床,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种弯型道床,其特征在于,包括:弯型板体,用于载置弯型钢轨;复数个轨下垫板,设置在所述弯型钢轨下方;以及复数个隔振器,嵌设在所述弯型板体中,所述弯型板体通过所述隔振器载置在基底上,其中,每个所述隔振器包含有弹性元件。
本发明提供的弯型道床,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其中,复数个所述隔振器以及复数个所述轨下垫板均以两个一对的形式沿所述弯型板体的延伸方向间隔均匀地设置,一对所述隔振器及一对所述轨下垫板均分别位于两条所述弯型钢轨的下方,一对所述隔振器的连线以及一对所述轨下垫板的连线均在所述弯型板体的径向方向上。
本发明提供的弯型道床,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其中,设置在轨道外股的所述隔振器的所述弹性元件的刚度小于设置在轨道内股的所述隔振器的所述弹性元件的刚度,所述轨下垫板一侧的刚度大于另一侧,在所述轨道外股以及所述轨道内股,所述轨下垫板具有更高刚度的一侧均朝向轨道外部。
本发明提供的弯型道床,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其中,所述隔振器为开放型隔振器,所述弹性元件为橡胶弹簧,所述开放型隔振器还包括:外套筒,预埋在所述弯型板体中,所述橡胶弹簧设置在所述外套筒下方;弹簧支撑板,设置在所述橡胶弹簧上方;调高垫片,设置在所述弹簧支撑板上方;以及锁紧垫片,设置在所述调高垫片上方,且嵌合在所述外套筒内,并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹簧支撑板连接在一起。
本发明提供的弯型道床,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其中,所述隔振器为规制型隔振器,所述弹性元件包括弹簧支撑上壳体、弹簧支撑下壳体以及设置在所述弹簧支撑上壳体和所述弹簧支撑下壳体嵌合形成的包覆结构内部的橡胶弹簧,所述规制型隔振器还包括:外套筒,预埋在所述弯型板体中,所述弹性元件设置在所述外套筒下方;调高垫片,设置在所述 弹性元件上方;以及锁紧垫片,设置在所述调高垫片上方,且嵌合在所述外套筒内,并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹性元件连接在一起。
本发明提供的弯型道床,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其中,所述隔振器为掩埋型隔振器,所述弹性元件包括弹簧支撑上壳体、弹簧支撑下壳体以及设置在所述弹簧支撑上壳体和所述弹簧支撑下壳体嵌合形成的包覆结构内部的橡胶弹簧,所述弹簧支撑下壳体底部具有限位柱安装槽,所述掩埋型隔振器还包括:安装座,预埋在所述弯型板体下方,所述弹性元件的上端嵌入所述安装座;调高垫片,设置在所述弹性元件和基底之间;以及限位柱,一端嵌入所述限位柱安装槽中,另一端打入所述基底固定。
本发明提供的弯型道床,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其中,所述隔振器为叠加型隔振器,所述弹性元件包括支撑筒、支撑底座、设置在所述支撑筒和所述支撑底座嵌合形成的包覆结构内部的至少两个橡胶弹簧以及若干个弹簧连接组件,多个所述橡胶弹簧竖直叠加,所述弹簧连接组件设置在相邻两个所述橡胶弹簧之间,将多个所述橡胶弹簧连接成一体,所述叠加型隔振器还包括:外套筒,预埋在所述弯型板体中,所述弹性元件设置在所述外套筒下方;调高垫片,设置在所述弹性元件上方;以及锁紧垫片,设置在所述调高垫片上方,且嵌合在所述外套筒内,并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹性元件连接在一起。
本发明提供的弯型道床,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其中,所述弹簧连接组件具有:弹簧连接件,具有一对相背设置的嵌合槽,所述嵌合槽的形状与所述橡胶弹簧的端部相匹配;以及多个连接件固定片,安装在所述弹簧连接件上,其端部朝向所述嵌合槽内延伸,两个所述橡胶弹簧的相对的端部分别嵌合在一对所述嵌合槽中,并被延伸出的所述连接件固定片的端部扣住,所述叠加型隔振器还包括弹簧限位组件,其具有:顶部限位件,为截面呈L形的弧形金属件,嵌合在所述支撑筒内,用于将最上方的所述橡胶弹簧的上端卡合固定在所述支撑筒内;以及底部限位件,为卡簧,嵌合在所述支撑底座内,将最下方的所述橡胶弹簧的下端卡合固定在所述支撑底座内。
本发明提供的弯型道床,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其中,所述隔振器为钢弹簧隔振器,所述弹性元件包括支撑筒、支撑底座、设置在所述支撑筒和所述支撑底座嵌合形成的包覆结构内部的第一钢弹簧和第二钢弹簧,所述钢弹簧隔振器还包括:外套筒,预埋在所述弯型板体中,所述弹性元件设置在所述外套筒下方;调高垫片,设置在所述弹性元件上方;以及锁紧垫片,设置在所述调高垫片上方,且嵌合在所述外套筒内,并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹性元件连接在一起。
本发明提供的弯型道床,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其中,所述钢弹簧隔振器还包括:防护盖板,设置在所述外套筒的上端开口处,中部具有让位孔;以及断簧指示器,其具有:指示器固定板,为金属材质,设置在所述锁紧垫片上;指示杆安装座,为金属材质;磁铁件,将所述指示杆安装座吸附固定在所述指示器固定板上;以及断簧指示杆,一端安装在所述指示杆安装座中,另一端贴有反光指示贴,所述另一端从所述让位孔穿过。
发明作用与效果
根据本发明的弯型道床,包括弯型板体、复数个轨下垫板以及嵌设在弯型板体中的复数个隔振器,由于弯型板体通过包含有弹性元件的隔振器载置在基底上,形成浮置板形式,隔断轨道结构和基底结构之间的刚性联结,且还设置有轨下垫板,因此能够通过多个弹性元件以及轨下垫板吸收列车行驶时的冲击能量,在转弯轨道处实现轨道减振降噪的效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一中弯型道床的平面结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例一中弯型道床在隔振器位置的剖视图;
图3是图2中框B内部分的放大图;
图4是本发明实施例一中复合型轨下垫板的立体结构示意图;
图5是本发明实施例一中轨下垫板的安装示意图;
图6是本发明实施例一中开放型隔振器的结构分解图;
图7是本发明实施例一中外套筒的立体结构图;
图8是本发明实施例一中弹簧支撑板的立体结构图;
图9是本发明实施例一中弹簧支撑板不同角度的立体结构图;
图10是本发明实施例一中调高垫片的立体结构图;
图11是本发明实施例一中锁紧垫片的立体结构图;
图12是本发明实施例一中开放型隔振器的剖视图;
图13是本发明实施例一调节工具的立体结构图;
图14是本发明实施例二中弯型道床在隔振器位置的剖视图;
图15是本发明实施例二中规制型隔振器的结构分解图;
图16是本发明实施例二中外套筒的立体结构图;
图17是本发明实施例二中弹性元件的剖视图;
图18是本发明实施例二中限位柱的立体结构图;
图19是本发明实施例三中弯型道床在隔振器位置的剖视图;
图20是本发明实施例三中掩埋型隔振器的结构分解图;
图21是本发明实施例三中弹性元件的剖视图;
图22是本发明实施例三中掩埋型隔振器的剖视图;
图23是本发明实施例四中叠加型隔振器的结构分解图;
图24是本发明实施例四中弹性元件的结构分解图;
图25是本发明实施例四中弹性元件的剖视图;
图26是本发明实施例四中支撑筒的立体结构图;
图27是本发明实施例四中支撑筒的剖视图;
图28是本发明实施例四中支撑底座的立体结构图;
图29是本发明实施例中弹簧连接件的立体结构图;
图30是本发明实施例四中弹簧连接件的剖视图;
图31是图24中框A内部分的放大图;
图32是本发明实施例四中顶部限位件的剖视图;
图33是本发明实施例五中弯型道床在隔振器位置的剖视图;
图34是本发明实施例五中钢弹簧隔振器的剖视图;
图35是本发明实施例五中断簧指示器的立体结构图;
图36是本发明实施例五中断簧指示器的结构分解图;
图37是本发明实施例六中凸台型轨下垫板的立体结构图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,以下结合实施例及附图对本发明的具有减振降噪效果的弯型道床作具体阐述。
<实施例一>
如图1-3所示,弯型道床100包括具有预定曲率半径的弯型板体110、设置在弯型板体110上的扣配件112、复合型轨下垫板180以及设置在弯型板体110中的复数个开放型隔振器120。
其中,弯型板体110通过复数个开放型隔振器120载置在基底200上,形成浮置板形式。 对应于列车过弯时的离心力,基底200的一侧设置为高于另一侧,靠近转弯轨道的圆心的一侧高度更低,弯型板体110整体倾斜地载置在基底200上。弯型钢轨300通过扣配件112载置在弯型道床100上,复合型轨下垫板180设置在弯型钢轨300下方、扣配件112上方。
如图1所示,开放型隔振器120以两个一对的形式,沿弯型板体110的延伸方向间隔均匀地设置,一对开放型隔振器120分别位于两条弯型钢轨300的下方,且在水平方向上,每个开放型隔振器120均布置在相邻两个扣配件112之间。一对开放型隔振器120的连线在弯型板体110的径向方向上。
如图4所示,复合型轨下垫板180包括板体181、条分布突起部182以及点分布突起部183。
板体181呈长方体,其具有相对设置的第一边缘185以及第二边缘186。条分布突起部182设置在板体181的一个表面上,包括多个条形突起1821以及多个条形凹槽1822。条形突起1821沿板体181的第一边缘185延伸形成,并与板体181一体形成。
本实施例中,条形突起1821的数量为三个,三个条形突起1821沿板体181的第一边缘182向第二边缘186依次分布,且宽度依次变宽。各条形突起1821的长度、高度一致。条形凹槽1822形成在相邻的两条条形突起1821之间。
点分布突起部183与条分布突起部182设置在板体181的同一个表面上并从中部的条形突起1821的长侧边的一侧分布至板体181的第二边缘186,且也与板体181一体形成。点分布突起部183包括多排台形突起组1831,多排台型突起组1831沿条形突起1821的宽度方向形成,每排台型突起组1831包括多个台形突起18311,同一排中的台形突起18311的横截面的面积相同,各排台形突起组1831的横截面的面积从板体181的第一边缘185朝第二边缘186逐渐减小,相邻两排中的各个台形突起18311相错位设置。
根据上述结构,本实施例的复合型轨下垫板180为具有变刚度设计的轨下垫板,从第一边缘185到第二边缘186,其刚度逐渐变小。
如图5所示,为了提供更好的减振效果,复合型轨下垫板180在安装时,其第二边缘186位于靠近两条钢轨300的中间线的一侧,同时复合型轨下垫板180的具有条分布突起部182、点分布突起部183的一面朝向钢轨300的底部。同时,一对复合型轨下垫板180的连线也在弯型道床110的径向方向上。
当列车通过转弯轨道时,由于离心力的作用,车轮对钢轨外侧产生的压力会比对钢轨内侧产生的压力更大,相应地,钢轨对复合型轨下垫板180的对应侧产生更大的压力。由于复合型轨下垫板180的上述结构,因此整个复合型轨下垫板180各位置的变形量相近,从而有利于使列车保持平稳。
如图6所示,开放型隔振器120包括外套筒121、橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124、锁紧垫片125、防护盖板126以及多个连接件127。
如图6-7所示,外套筒121由金属(铸铁)材质制成,其整体为贯通式筒状结构,整体高度(即外套筒121的长度)与板体111的厚度一致。外套筒121沿其长度方向可分为位于上部的导向段1211和位于下部的支撑段1212。
导向段1211用于在安装时放入弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124、锁紧垫片125,并在这些板片滑落时起到导向作用。导向段1211的截面形状为三角凸缘结构,形成有三个径向向筒内凸起、呈台阶状的筒内凸起部12111,三个筒内凸起部12111沿外套筒121的中心轴线均匀分布。
具体地,筒内凸起部12111沿外套筒121的长度方向延伸,一端延伸至外套筒121的上端,另一端位于外套筒121内部靠下的位置。支撑段1212呈圆形筒状,因此筒内凸起部12111的另一端和支撑段1212形成支撑台阶12111a,用于为橡胶弹簧122提供支撑作用。此外,筒内凸起部12111的与外套筒121的中心轴线平行的一个面具有一定的弧度。
外套筒121的上端具有三个径向向外凸起的上端凸起部1213,上端凸起部1213上开设有防护盖板连接孔,用于承托及连接防护盖板126。
此外,如图7-8所示,外筒套121的下端具有一圈向外凸起的凸缘1214,形成裙边状结构。本实施例的外套筒121为预埋型外套筒,在浇铸制造板体111时预埋在板体111中。凸缘1214能够增加外套筒121的附着力和承载力。同时,上端凸起部1213也形成挂耳结构,同样能够增加外套筒121的附着力和承载力。
橡胶弹簧122设置在外套筒121下方,利用自身橡胶材质的弹性变形作用吸收列车运行时从弯型板体110传递的振动能量,起到减振降噪的作用。如图6所示,橡胶弹簧122的上端及下端都呈圆形板体状,且上端及下端中都包裹有圆形的金属板,从而使得橡胶弹簧122能够更为均匀地受力,橡胶弹簧122的中部径向向内收缩。橡胶弹簧122在不受力状态下的厚度(即其初始高度)为150mm-750mm。
此外,橡胶弹簧122具有多种刚度规格。在生产过程中,通过调节橡胶的成分及生产参数,即可调节橡胶弹簧122的刚度。本实施例中,设置在轨道外股的橡胶弹簧122的刚度小于设置在轨道内股的橡胶弹簧122的刚度。
如图8-9所示,弹簧支撑板123用于为橡胶弹簧122的上端提供支撑,对整个道床系统起到支撑和载荷传递的作用。弹簧支撑板123为金属材质,其主体部分大致呈圆形板状,并具有三个支撑板凸起部1231,使得弹簧支撑板123的截面形状与外套筒121的导向段1211的截面相匹配,具体地,弹簧支撑板123的截面形状与导向段1211内壁的形状基本一致,且尺寸略小于导向段1211内壁的形状。弹簧支撑板123的主体部分的厚度为25mm-30mm,三个支撑板凸起部1231的厚度比主体部分更厚,因此在弹簧支撑板123的一侧形成用于包覆橡胶弹簧122的上端的结构。此外,弹簧支撑板123上开设有三个安装孔1232,其位置分别与三个支撑板凸起部1231相对应,用于安装连接件127,本实施例中,该连接件127为螺栓及螺母。
如图10所示,调高垫片124用于调节橡胶弹簧122的安装高度,从而使弯型板体110各处的表面高度都能够符合设计数据。调高垫片124也为金属材质,其外轮廓形状与弹簧支撑板123一致,具有三个调高片凸起部1241,因此不再重复说明。在调高垫片124的中部开设有大致呈圆形的第一让位孔1242,用于在安装隔振器时供相应的安装工具伸入。调高垫片124还具有三个径向延伸的第一安装槽1243,第一安装槽1243与中部的第一让位孔1243连通,调高片凸起部1241在第一安装槽1243的延伸方向上。根据实际所需的高度,可采用一个或多个层叠的调高垫片124,调高垫片124的厚度为2mm-10mm。
如图11所示,锁紧垫片125用于将弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124锁紧在外套筒121内。锁紧垫片125也为金属材质,其外圈形状与弹簧支撑板123一致,具有三个锁紧片凸起部1251,因此不再重复说明。在锁紧垫片125的中部开设有大致呈圆形的第二让位孔1252,其形状与第一让位孔1242一致。锁紧垫片125还具有三个径向延伸的第二安装槽1253,第二安装槽1253与中部的第二让位孔1252连通,锁紧片凸起部1251与第二安装槽1253的延伸方向错开,第二安装槽1253的延长线位于两个锁紧片凸起部1251之间。锁紧垫片125的厚度为10mm。
由于弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125的形状均与外套筒121的导向段1211的内壁相匹配,因此这些板片都可以从外套筒121的上端开口放入,并在导向段1211的导向作用下保持放入时的角度向下滑动至支撑段1212,从而便于安装。
此外,如图6所示,由于弹簧支撑板123上的三个安装孔1232、调高垫片124上的三个第一安装槽1242以及锁紧垫片125上的三个第二安装槽1252的分布均一致,因此在安装时,这三个板片上的安装槽、安装孔能够形成沿竖直方向贯通的连接件安装孔,从而能够设置连接件127,将这三个板片紧固在一起。
防护盖板126用于在隔振器安装完成后覆盖住外套筒161的上端开口,避免灰尘、杂物进入而影响隔振器的隔振效果及使用寿命。如图9所示,防护盖板126的形状与外套筒121的上端面形状一致,并在对应的位置开设有连接件安装孔,因此防护盖板126能够完全覆盖住外套筒121的上端面,并通过多个连接件固定在外套筒121的上端凸起部1213上。
如图12所示,外套筒121预埋在板体111中,由于外套筒121的高度与板体111的厚度一致,外套筒121的上下端开口分别从板体111两侧露出。安装完成后,调高垫片124和弹簧支撑板123的三个凸起部分别与三个支撑台阶12111a相抵接,锁紧垫片125嵌合在导向段1211的底部,且弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124和锁紧垫片125通过连接件127固定连接在一起,从而将这三个板片固定在外套筒121内部。橡胶弹簧122设置在外套筒121下方,橡胶弹簧122的上端与弹簧支撑板123的主体部分相抵接,并被支撑板凸起部1231包覆住,橡胶弹簧122的下端与基底200相抵接。
此外,橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124的总厚度大于支撑台阶12111a到外套筒121下端的距离,这使得橡胶弹簧122的下端位于弯型板体110下方外侧,也即使得弯型板体110不直接与基底200接触,而是通过复数个橡胶弹簧122以点接触的方式载置在基底200上,形成浮置板的形式。
在轨道施工中,在弯型板体110中安装开放型隔振器120的流程具体包括以下步骤:
步骤S1-1,在基底200上设置预埋有多个外套筒121的弯型板体110。
其中,弯型板体110可以为预制板,通过吊装方式放置到基底200上,或是现场浇筑的混凝土板。
在进行浇筑前,先根据设计图纸在基底200上设定各个隔振器的位置,预先在位置放置外套筒161,随后绑扎用于浇筑弯型板体110的钢筋框架、安装模板,再进行混凝土浇筑,即可浇筑形成预埋有外套筒161的弯型板体110。
步骤S1-2,通过测试仪器测量每个外套筒121的相对高度参数,并根据测得的相对高度参数设置对应的调高垫片124的数量及规格。
步骤S1-3,通过顶升设备将弯型板体110顶升至预定施工高度。
本实施例中,弯型板体110与延伸方向平行的两侧下方还预埋有多个顶升盒,顶升盒为开口朝下的盒状金属件。顶升设备为液压千斤顶,包括液压泵、分流阀和多个千斤顶头。在施工时,多个千斤顶头分别嵌入弯型板体110的多个顶升盒中,在工控机的控制下,多个千斤顶头同时进行顶升,从而平稳地将弯型板体110顶升起。顶升高度应使得预埋在弯型板体110中的外套筒121的支撑台阶12111a与基底200之间的距离大于待放入的橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123以及若干个调高垫片153的总厚度,使得橡胶弹簧122放入后不受力,弹簧支撑板123及调高垫片124可转动调节。也即,预定施工高度大于最终的板体浮置高度。
步骤S1-4,对每个外套筒121,依次将橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124从外套筒121的上端开口放入,并通过调节工具将弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124转动预定的角度,使其多个凸起部分别位于多个支撑台阶12111a的正下方。
本实施例中,支撑台阶12111a的数量为三个且沿外套筒121的中心轴线均匀分布,因此通过调节工具将放入的弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124转动60度,此时弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124的三个凸起部分别位于三个支撑台阶12111a的正下方。在板体111放下后,三个凸起部就分别与三个支撑台阶12111a相抵接,形成支撑结构。
如图13所示,调节工具600具有呈T字形的把手601以及连接在把手601另一端的调节头602,调节头602具有三个径向延伸出的调节端部6021,三个调节端部6021位置分布分别对应于弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124以及锁紧垫片125的三个安装槽或安装孔。在调节端部6021上安装有沿竖直方向延伸的螺栓(图中未示出)。
因此,以弹簧支撑板123为例,施工人员可以握住把手601,将调节头602伸入外套筒 121内,并使三个调节端部6021上的螺栓分别嵌入弹簧支撑板123的三个安装孔1231中,随后水平转动把手601,就能够通过三个调节端部6021使弹簧支撑板123水平转动。
步骤S1-5,通过顶升设备将弯型板体110放下。
此时,各个橡胶弹簧122进入受力状态,弯型板体110浮置在基底200上,弯型板体110的所有载荷通过外套筒121的支撑台阶12111a传递给弹簧支撑板123和橡胶弹簧122。
步骤S1-6,对每个外套筒121,将锁紧垫片125从外套筒121上端开口放入,锁紧垫片125沿导向段1211滑落至调高垫片124上,并通过螺栓将锁紧垫片125、调高垫片124和弹簧支撑板123紧固在一起,从而防止调高垫片124和弹簧支撑板123转动脱落。
步骤S1-7,对每个外套筒121,在外套筒121的上端面安装防护盖板126,完成所有开放型隔振器120的安装,形成上述的弯型道床100。
实施例作用与效果
根据本实施例提供的弯型道床100,包括弯型板体110、复数个复合型轨下垫板180以及嵌设在弯型板体110中的复数个开放型隔振器120,由于弯型板体110通过包含有橡胶弹簧122的开放型隔振器120载置在基底上,形成浮置板形式,隔断轨道结构和基底结构之间的刚性联结,且还设置有复合型轨下垫板180,因此能够通过多个橡胶弹簧122以及复合型轨下垫板180吸收列车行驶时的冲击能量,在转弯轨道处实现轨道减振降噪的效果。特别地,外套筒121预埋在弯型板体110中,橡胶弹簧122设置在外套筒121下方,因此,本实施例的隔振器为开放型隔振器,橡胶弹簧122从弯型板体110下方露出,不仅便于安装,在安装完成后也可以从弯型板体110和基底200之间的间隙方便地对橡胶弹簧122进行检查,有利于后续维护。
进一步,多对开放型隔振器120和多对复合型轨下垫板180沿弯型板体110的延伸方向间隔均匀地设置,每一对的连接均在弯型板体110的径向方向上。且设置在轨道外股的橡胶弹簧122具有相对更低的刚度,复合型轨下垫板180也具有变刚度设计,其具有更高刚度的一侧设置在轨道外侧,具有更低刚度的一侧设置在轨道内侧。也就是说,本实施例的弯型道床100具有针对性的设计,在轨道外股提供更强的减振效果,在轨道内股提供更强的支撑力,且通过变刚度的轨下垫板的设置对两侧钢轨进行纠偏,因此,不仅能够实现更为理想的减振降噪效果,为乘客提供更好的乘坐体验,且能够更好地平衡列车过弯时两侧车轮的受力情况,从而提高列车过弯的效率,且能够减轻弯型钢轨及列车轮毂的磨损情况,提高相关轨道设施的使用寿命及安全性、可靠性。
进一步,由于弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124和锁紧垫片125的外轮廓形状均与外套筒121的导向段1211相匹配,因此在安装时,只需依次将橡胶弹簧122、弹簧支撑板123、调高垫片124和锁紧垫片125从外套筒121的上端开口放入,并将弹簧支撑板123和调高垫片124转动预定的角度,使其与外套筒121内的筒内凸起部12111形成支撑结构,再通过连接件固定即可完成隔振器的安装,因此,施工方便,施工时间更短,工人的劳动强度更低。由于采用了可拆卸结构,而非焊接等方式来实现支撑结构,后续维护时也可方便地拆装该开放型隔振器120,更换橡胶弹簧122。
<实施例二>
本实施例提供一种弯型道床,与实施例一相比,区别之处在于,本实施例采用不同结构的隔振器。
如图14-15所示,规制型隔振器130包括外套筒131、弹性元件132、调高垫片133、锁紧垫片134、多个连接件135、限位柱136以及防护盖板137。
如图16所示,外套筒131的结构与实施例一的外套筒121的结构相似,区别之处在于,在外套筒131的内壁形成有两圈台阶状的结构,位于上方的一圈为顶升台阶13111a,位于 下方的一圈为支撑台阶13121a,且支撑台阶13121a的一端没外套筒131的长度方向向下延伸,形成横向限位结构。在其中一个支撑台阶13121a处设置有弹簧限位凸起13121b,在安装完成后,弹簧限位凸起13121b与弹性元件132的上端面相抵接,用于限制弹性元件132的圆周运动。
如图17所示,弹性元件132包括规制用上壳体1321、规制用下壳体1322以及橡胶弹簧1323。
规制用上壳体1321由金属材料制成,呈非圆形盖状,具有三个向外凸起的支撑部13211。规制用上壳体1321的上端面具有圆形的让位槽13212,用于在安装时为对应的工具提供空间;内表面具有圆形的嵌入凹槽13213,嵌入凹槽13213的形状及尺寸与橡胶弹簧1323的上端相匹配。此外,规制用上壳体1321的内径略大于规制用下壳体1322的外径。
规制用下壳体1322也由金属材质制成且呈圆形盖状。规制用下壳体1322的内径与橡胶弹簧1323的下端相匹配。规制用下壳体1322的外周缘具有两圈环状的橡胶圈凹槽13221,用于嵌合安装限位橡胶圈1324。规制用下壳体1322的底面中部具有圆形的限位柱安装槽13222,用于设置限位柱136,限位柱136同时也嵌入基底200中,从而限制弹性元件132相对于基底200的水平位移。
橡胶弹簧1323的结构与实施例一中一致。
装配成弹性元件132时,规制用下壳体1322开口向上,规制用上壳体1321的开口向下包覆在规制用下壳体1322上,形成包覆结构。限位橡胶圈1324嵌合在规制用下壳体1322的橡胶圈凹槽13221中,且限位橡胶圈1324从橡胶圈凹槽13221向外凸出,限位橡胶圈1324凸出的部分与规制用上壳体1321的内表面相抵接,从而对上下壳体形成水平方向的限位。橡胶弹簧1323的上端嵌合在规制用上壳体1321的嵌入凹槽13211中,且通过粘结方式固定;橡胶弹簧1323的下端嵌合在规制用下壳体1322中,且同样通过粘结方式固定,从而形成整体具有弹性缓冲作用的弹性元件132。
调高垫片133、锁紧垫片134、防护盖板137的结构均与实施例一中一致,不再赘述。
如图18所示,限位柱136为轴销状金属零件,具有上部圆柱端1361以及下部圆柱端1362。在安装时,上部圆柱端1361插入规制用下壳体1322的限位柱安装槽13222中,下部圆柱端1362被打入基底200固定。上部圆柱端1361的直径大于下部圆柱端1362,因此在限位柱136的中间靠上部分形成台阶结构,用于在打入基底200时限制限位柱136的打入深度。
本实施例的规制型隔振器130的安装流程与实施例一的安装流程基本一致,区别之处在于,在步骤S1-1中还在基底200上预定位置处预先打入限位柱136;规制型隔振器130不包括弹簧支撑板,规制用上壳体1321即起到弹簧支撑板的作用,因此在步骤S1-4中,依次从外套筒131的上端开口放入弹性元件132和对应的调高垫片133,并将弹性元件132和调高垫片133转动60度。其他流程与实施例一中相同。
本实施例中,其他结构及其工作原理(包括隔振器的分布、轨下垫板结构、分布等)均与实施例一中相同,不再重复说明。
实施例作用与效果
根据本实施例的弯型道床100,采用复数个规制型隔振器130形成浮置板形式,因此能够实现与实施例一同样的减振降噪及轨道纠偏效果。
进一步,橡胶弹簧一般具有垂向、横向、纵向、扭转等多个方向的自由度,本实施例的规制型隔振器130中,橡胶弹簧1323设置在规制用上壳体1321和规制用下壳体1322嵌合形成的包覆结构内部,通过包覆结构对橡胶弹簧1323的横向及纵向自由度进行了合理约束,相当于强化了橡胶弹簧1323的横向刚度,因此使得橡胶弹簧1323能起到稳定、理想的减振效果,且能够延长橡胶弹簧1323的使用寿命。
此外,包含有橡胶弹簧1323的弹性元件132可预先装配,在进行轨道施工时仅需作为一个整体进行安装,因此便于安装、维护,能够提高轨道施工的整体效率。
<实施例三>
本实施例提供一种弯型道床,与实施例一相比,区别之处在于,本实施例采用不同结构的隔振器,弯型板体的结构也与实施例一中不同。
如图19-20所示,本实施例的弯型板体110下方预埋有多个掩埋型隔振器140的安装座141,从弯型板体110上方无法看到掩埋型隔振器140的结构。
掩埋型隔振器140包括安装座141、弹性元件142、调高垫片143以及限位柱144。
安装座141为金属材质的预埋件,在浇筑混凝土的弯型板体110时预先设置在其钢筋框架中相应的位置。安装座141呈圆形盖状,其壳体厚度为8mm~12mm。安装座141的上端具有一圈凸缘,用于增加预埋安装座141的附着力和承载力。
弹性元件142整体大致呈圆柱状,其直径小于安装座141的内径。
如图21所示,弹性元件142包括弹簧支撑上壳体1421、弹簧支撑下壳体1422、橡胶弹簧1423以及多个限位橡胶圈1424。
弹簧支撑上壳体1421由金属材料制成,呈圆形盖状,其顶部内表面具有圆形的嵌入凹槽14211,嵌入凹槽14211的形状及尺寸与橡胶弹簧1423的上端相匹配。
弹簧支撑下壳体1422也由金属材料制成且呈圆形盖状,且其直径小于弹簧支撑上壳体1421的直径,因此两者可以嵌合在一起,弹簧支撑上壳体1421包覆在弹簧支撑下壳体1422外,形成包覆结构。弹簧支撑下壳体1422的内径与橡胶弹簧1423相匹配。此外,弹簧支撑下壳体1422的外周缘具有两圈环状的橡胶圈安装槽14221,用于嵌合安装限位橡胶圈1424;弹簧支撑下壳体1422的底面中部具有圆形的限位柱安装槽14222,用于安装限位柱144。
橡胶弹簧1423的结构与实施例一中相同。橡胶弹簧1423设置在弹簧支撑上壳体1421和弹簧支撑下壳体1422嵌合形成的包覆结构内部。橡胶弹簧1423的上端嵌合在嵌入凹槽14211中,且通过粘结方式固定;橡胶弹簧1423的下端嵌合在弹簧支撑下壳体1422中,且同样通过粘结方式固定。
两个限位橡胶圈1424分别嵌合在弹簧支撑下壳体1422的两圈橡胶圈安装槽14221中,且限位橡胶圈1424从橡胶圈安装槽14221向外凸出,限位橡胶圈1424凸出的部分与弹簧支撑上壳体1421的内表面相抵接,从而对上下壳体形成横向限位。
调高垫片143用于调节弹簧组件142的安装高度,从而调节道床板110上表面各处的高度。调高垫片143为圆形片状的金属件,其直径与弹簧组件142的直径基本一致。调高垫片143的中部开设有圆形的让位孔1431,用于在安装时供限位柱144穿过。调高垫片143具有多种规则,分别具有不同的厚度,其厚度为2mm~25mm。根据轨道的实际需要,各个隔振器可设置一片或多片调高垫片143。
限位柱144的结构与实施例二中相同。
如图22所示,安装完成后,安装座141埋置在弯型板体110下部,形成向下开口的圆形安装槽,弹性元件142上端(即弹簧支撑上壳体1421)安装在安装座141中,下端(即弹簧支撑下壳体1422)放置在基底200上,且通过限位柱144形成限位结构。
在进行轨道施工时,安装掩埋型隔振器140的流程具体包括以下步骤:
步骤S3-1,在基底200上预定的隔振器位置打入限位柱144。
步骤S3-2,在基底200上预定的隔振器位置依次放置对应的调高垫片143和弹性元件142。
步骤S3-3,通过吊装设备将预制的弯型板体110放置到基底200上,并使弯型板体110下方预埋的各个安装座141分别对准各个弹性元件142。
对准并放下后,各个弹性元件142的上端就嵌入对应的安装座141中,弯型板体110进行入弹簧支撑状态。
步骤S3-4,采用受力检测工具对所有的弹性元件142进行受力检测,从而判断是否有松动现象。
步骤S3-4a,根据步骤S3-4的检测结果判断是否有松动现象,当判断为是时进入步骤S3-5,当判断为否时进入结束状态。
步骤S3-5,通过吊装设备再将弯型板体110抬升起,并根据受力检测结果更换未受力的弹性元件142下的调高垫片143,然后返回步骤S3-4。
所有弹性元件142应全部受力,如发现部分弹性元件142有松动、未受力的情况,就将再次将弯型板体110抬升起,根据受力检测结果重新计算所需的调高垫片143的厚度及数量,并对应更换调高垫片143,再返回步骤S3-4重新进行受力检测,重复这一过程直至所有弹性元件142全部受力,从而保障轨道减振效果及运行安全。
本实施例中,其他结构及工作原理与实施例一中相同,不再重复说明。
实施例作用与效果
根据本实施例提供的弯型道床100,采用多个掩埋型隔振器140形成浮置板形式,因此能够实现与实施例一同样的减振降噪及轨道纠偏效果。
进一步,本实施例的掩埋型隔振器140仅包括预埋安装座141、弹性元件142、调高垫片143和限位柱144,因此结构精简,安装方便,可大大减少轨道施工时间。弹性元件142中,橡胶弹簧1423设置在弹簧支撑上壳体1421、弹簧支撑下壳体1422嵌合形成的包覆结构内部,因此通过包覆结构对橡胶弹簧1423的横向、纵向形变进行了合理约束,且避免了外部杂物、灰尘等对橡胶弹簧1423的影响,因此有利于使橡胶弹簧1423保持理想的刚度,保障其减振效果,提高其使用寿命。
此外,掩埋型隔振器140设置在弯型板体110下方,从弯型板体110上方无法看见隔振器结构,因此本实施例的弯型板体110还具有外观美观、整体性好的优点。同时,也是由于掩埋型隔振器140仅设置在弯型板体110下方,因此掩埋型隔振器140可以设置在钢轨的正下方,实现更好的减振效果。
<实施例四>
本实施例提供一种弯型道床,与实施例一相比,区别之处在于,本实施例采用不同结构的隔振器。
如图23所示,叠加型隔振器150包括外套筒151、锁紧垫片152、调高垫片153以及弹性元件154。
外套筒151由金属材料制成,整体为贯通式圆形筒状结构,整体高度(即外套筒151的长度)与弯型板体110的厚度一致,因此其两端开口分别从弯型板体110两面露出。外套筒151的内壁具有两组筒内凸起部1511,每一组包含有三个,一组的三个分布在筒内相同的高度,且沿外套筒151的中心轴线均匀分布。且两组的筒内凸起部1511分别沿竖直方向对齐。也即,在外套筒151的内壁,形成有两圈台阶状结构,其中,位于上方的为顶升台阶1512,位于下方的为支撑台阶1513。
此外,外套筒151为预埋式外套筒,在浇铸混凝土板体111时预埋在板体111中,为此,在外套筒151外部还设置有两对固定销1514,两对固定销1514设置在外套筒151上不同高度处,且延伸方向相互垂直,即呈十字交叉布置,用于在钢筋混凝土板中的绑扎固定;外套筒151下端具有一圈向外凸起的凸缘1515,形成裙边结构,用于增加预埋式外套筒的附着力和承载力。
锁紧垫片152、调高垫片153的结构与实施例一中相同。
如图24-25所示,弹性元件154包括支撑筒1541、支撑底座1542、两个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧1543、弹簧连接组件1544以及弹簧限位组件1545。支撑筒1541和支撑底座1542分别从上下为叠加的橡胶弹簧1543提供支撑,弹簧连接组件1544用于将两个橡胶弹簧1543连接成一个整体,弹簧限位组件1545用于将两个橡胶弹簧153形成的整体的两端分别固定在支撑筒1541内以及支撑底座1542内。
如图26-27所示,支撑筒1541由金属材质制成,用于为叠加的橡胶弹簧153的上端提供支撑。支撑筒1541为半封闭结构,包括板状顶部15411、第一筒状部15412、内部支撑板15413以及第二筒状部15414。
板状顶部15411的外轮廓形状与调高垫片153一致,其厚度比调高垫片153更厚。板状顶部15411的中部开设有圆形的顶部让位槽15411a,用于在安装时为安装工具让位,在顶部让位槽15411a周围分布有三个顶部安装孔15411b,其位置分布对应于调高垫片153的三个第一安装槽1523的端部,同样用于在安装时供安装工具伸入。
同样地,在安装时,支撑筒1541顶部的三个安装孔、锁紧垫片152、调高垫片153的安装槽能够形成沿竖直方向贯通的三个连接件安装孔。
第一筒状部15412和第二筒状部15414均呈圆形筒状且直径一致,区别之处在于,第一筒状部15412长度固定,第二筒状部15414的长度则可根据橡胶弹簧1543的尺寸及数量调节,第二筒状部15414的长度应使得橡胶弹簧1543均不受力时(多个橡胶弹簧1543的整体高度最大时),第二筒状部15414和支撑底座1542仍嵌合。此外,在第二筒状部15414的上方开设有多个插销孔15414a,用于设置弹簧限位组件1545中的相应部件。本实施例中,插销孔15414a为四个,沿第二筒状部15414的圆周均匀分布。
内部支撑板15413为圆形金属板,焊接在第一筒状部15412和第二筒状部15414之间,直径与第一筒状部15412和第二筒状部15414一致。内部支撑板15413和第二筒状部15414形成向下的圆形开口,用于安装橡胶弹簧1543。
如图28所示,支撑底座1542用于对叠加的橡胶弹簧153的下端进行支撑及限位。支撑底座1542也由金属材质制成,呈圆形盖状,且其外径小于第二筒状部15414的内径,因此能够可滑动嵌合在第二筒状部15414内。
支撑底座1542的内壁上具有一圈限位件安装槽15421以及一个方形让位槽15422,限位件安装槽15421用于安装弹簧限位组件1545中的相应部件,方形让位槽15422用于为弹簧限位组件1545中的相应结构进行让位。
两个橡胶弹簧1543的结构与实施例一中相同。两个橡胶弹簧1543竖直叠加,且通过弹簧连接组件1544连接成一个整体。两个橡胶弹簧1543形成的整体设置在支撑筒1541和支撑底座1542嵌合形成的包覆结构内部。
如图24、29-31所示,弹簧连接组件1544包括弹簧连接件15441、多个连接件固定片15442以及多个固定件15443。
弹簧连接件15441为金属材质的一体成型件,具有呈环状的周缘部54411以及形成在周缘部54411圈内的圆形盘体54412,周缘部54411的两侧分别从盘体54412的两面垂直延伸出,且周缘部54411的内径与橡胶弹簧1543的直径相匹配。弹簧连接件15441的截面呈H形。因此在盘体54412的两面,周缘部54411及盘体54412形成用于嵌入橡胶弹簧1543的端部的一对圆形的嵌合槽54413。一对嵌合槽54413相背地设置,开口分别朝向两侧。
周缘部54411上具有四个方形的固定片安装槽54411a,固定片安装槽54411a底具有固定件安装孔54411b,用于嵌合安装连接件固定片15442并设置固定件15443。四个固定片安装槽54411a沿圆周均匀分布。此外,在盘体54412中部具有圆形的定位柱安装孔54412a,用于安装定位柱。
连接件固定片15442为“匚”形的金属件,中部开设有贯通的连接件安装孔,连接件固 定片15442嵌合安装在固定片安装槽54411a中,并通过固定件15443固定,本实施例中,固定件15443为螺钉。连接件固定片15442的两个端部分别朝向两个嵌合槽54413延伸出,形成钩状结构。
如图25所示,上方的橡胶弹簧1543的下端嵌合在弹簧连接件15441上方的圆形嵌合槽54413中,下方的橡胶弹簧1543的上端嵌合在弹簧连接件15441下方的圆形嵌合槽54413中,并通过四个连接件固定片15442和四个固定件15443实现固定。连接件固定片15442和弹簧连接件15441形成钩状结构,扣住橡胶弹簧1543的端部,从而将两个叠加的橡胶弹簧1543连接成一体的弹性结构。
连接成一体后,叠加的两个橡胶弹簧1543的两端还通过弹簧限位组件1545进行固定。
如图24所示,弹簧限位组件1545包括一对顶部限位件15451、底部限位件15452、多个限位销15453以及多个定位柱15454。定位柱15454的数量根据橡胶弹簧1543的数量设置,本实施例中为两个。
如图24、32所示,顶部限位件15451用于将最上方的橡胶弹簧1543的上端固定在支撑筒1541内。顶部限位件15451为弧形的金属件,其截面呈L形,因此安装后不仅能横向卡住橡胶弹簧1543的上端,还能够扣住橡胶弹簧1543的上端。
多个限位销15453分别穿过第二筒状部15414上的多个插销孔15414a,将一对顶部限位件15451从多个方向朝向橡胶弹簧1543的上端压紧,从而使其牢固地扣合橡胶弹簧1543的上端。
底部限位件15452为卡簧,嵌合在支撑底座1542的限位件安装槽15421中,且从该槽中向外凸出,用于将最下方的橡胶弹簧1543的下端卡合在支撑底座1542内。
此外,如图25所示,设置弹簧连接组件1544后,两个橡胶弹簧1543的连接位置处的直径与支撑筒1511的内径大致相同,因此在弹性减振过程中,所有橡胶弹簧1543的两个端部均受到良好限位,使得多个橡胶弹簧1543形成的整体弹性结构在伸缩过程中保持稳定。
如图25所示,定位柱15454由两个圆柱段组成,其中一个圆柱段的直径更大,因此在定位柱15454中部形成一圈台阶状结构。在安装时,定位柱15454直径较小的圆柱段嵌入内部支撑板15413的定位柱安装槽15413a中,直径较大的圆柱段嵌入橡胶弹簧1543上端的定位柱嵌槽15431中,从而对橡胶弹簧1543进行横向限位,中部台阶结构的设置使其不易脱出。
此外,弹性元件154可预先装配成一个整体,在轨道施工时,仅需要作为一个整体进行安装。
本实施例中,弹性元件154包括两个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧1543,实际上弹性元件154也可以包括更多个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧1543,相邻两个橡胶弹簧1543之间均通过上述的弹簧连接组件1544进行连接即可。
安装叠加型隔振器150的流程与实施例二的安装流程基本相同,因此不再重复说明。
本实施例中,其他结构及工作原理与实施例一中相同,不再重复说明。
实施例作用与效果
根据本实施例提供的弯型道床100,采用多个叠加型隔振器150形成浮置板形式,因此能够实现与实施例一同样的减振降噪及轨道纠偏效果。
进一步,叠加型隔振器150的弹性元件154包含有多个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧1543,通过弹簧连接组件1544连接成一个整体,且最上方的橡胶弹簧1543和最下方的橡胶弹簧1543通过弹簧限位组件1545分别固定在支撑筒1541内和支撑底座1542内,形成整体的弹性元件154。弹性元件154可预先装配,在轨道施工时仅需作为一个整体进行安装,因此便于安装维护,能大大减少轨道施工的时间。
由于该弹性元件154包含有多个竖直叠加的橡胶弹簧1543,因此其刚度可调节范围大,叠加型隔振器150的整体高度可调节范围大。在包含两个叠加的橡胶弹簧1543的情况下,其整体刚度为单个橡胶弹簧1543的1/2;在包含三个叠加的橡胶弹簧1543,其整体刚度为单个橡胶弹簧1543的1/3,以此类推。而即使调节材料配方及制造工艺,单个橡胶弹簧1543的刚度也难以达到这样的数值范围,因此,本实施例的弹性元件154相较于单个橡胶弹簧1543,其刚度范围大大增加,可良好适用于多种工况。
<实施例五>
本实施例提供一种弯型道床,与实施例一相比,区别之处在于,本实施例采用不同结构的隔振器。
如图33-34所示,钢弹簧隔振器160包括外套筒161、锁紧垫片162、调高垫片163、弹性元件164、防护盖板165以及断簧指示器166。
外套筒161、锁紧垫片162、调高垫片163的结构均与实施例四中相同。
如图40所示,弹性元件164包括支撑筒1641、支撑底座1642、一对弹簧端部限位件1643、第一钢弹簧1644以及第二钢弹簧1645。
其中,支撑筒1641、支撑底座1642的结构与实施例四中相同。支撑筒1641、支撑底座1642也即用于容置钢弹簧的弹簧壳体。
一对弹簧端部限位件1643分别设置在支撑筒1641的内顶面中部以及支撑底座1642的内底面中部。如图40所示,弹簧端部限位件1643的截面大致呈T形,其具有第一圆柱段16431和第二圆柱段16432,且第二圆柱段16432的直径小于第一圆柱段16431,从第一圆柱段16431的端面中部延伸出。因此,第二钢弹簧1645环形的一端能够套装在第二圆柱段16432上,并与第一圆柱段16431相抵接,从而对第二钢弹簧1645的两端进行限位。此外,第一圆柱段16431的另一侧形成有圆柱状凸起,上方的弹簧端部限位件1643的圆柱状凸起嵌合固定在支撑筒1641内顶面的限位件嵌槽中,下方的弹簧端部限位件1643的圆柱状凸起嵌合固定在支撑底座1642的内底面的圆形安装孔中。
第一钢弹簧1644和第二钢弹簧1645均设置在支撑筒1641和支撑底座1642嵌合形成的包覆空间内部。其中,第一钢弹簧1644的整体直径大于第二钢弹簧1645,第一钢弹簧1644的整体直径略小于支撑底座1642的内径,其两端分别嵌合在支撑筒1641内以及撑底座1642内。第二钢弹簧1645套装在第一钢弹簧1644内。
第一钢弹簧1644和第二钢弹簧1645均由钢条绕制成,其中,第一钢弹簧1644的钢条的直径大于第二钢弹簧1645的钢条,第二钢弹簧1645的钢条绕制圈数更多。
防护盖板165为金属板状件,其外轮廓形状与外套筒161的上端面的形状相匹配,用于在隔振器安装完后封住外套筒161的上端开口,避免灰尘、杂物等从上端开口进入。防护盖板165中部开设有圆形的让位孔。
限位柱167的结构与实施例二中相同。
如图35-36所示,断簧指示器166包括指示器固定板1661、指示杆安装座1662、磁铁件1663、紧固螺母1664、断簧指示杆1665以及反光指示贴1666。
指示器固定板1661为金属材质的三角形板状件,在靠近三角形的三个端部的位置分别设置有三个固定板安装孔16611,三个固定板安装孔16611的分布与弹性元件164、调高垫片163的三个安装孔、安装槽的分布相一致,因此,指示器固定板1661设置在锁紧垫片162的上方,同样可以通过螺栓和螺母和锁紧垫片162、调高垫片163以及弹性元件164紧固在一起。
指示杆安装座1662的材质与指示器固定板1661一致,其整体呈圆柱状,中部具有指示杆安装孔16621,指示杆安装孔16621具有内螺纹。
磁铁件1663为能够与指示器固定板1661的金属材质相吸附的强力磁铁,呈圆柱状,将指示杆安装座1662吸附固定在指示器固定板1661上。
断簧指示杆1665为圆柱形的金属杆,其一端具有外螺纹(图中未示出),这一端旋紧在指示杆安装座1662的指示杆安装孔16621中,并通过紧固螺母1664锁紧;另一端贴有反光指示贴1666,这一端也即整个断簧指示器166的指示端。此外,本实施例中,防护盖板165的中部具有圆形的让位孔,用于供断簧指示杆1665的贴有反光指示贴1666的一端穿过。断簧指示杆1665的长度略大于指示杆安装孔16621的底面到防护盖板165顶面的距离,安装完成后,贴有反光指示贴1666的一端从防护盖板165上方露出。
图34示出的是两个钢弹簧均在正常状态时,隔振器的整体状态图,此时反光指示贴1666从防护盖板165上方露出,维护工人能够观察到反光指示贴1666,获知钢弹簧的状态。
而在两个钢弹簧存在断簧情况(其中一个或两者都发生断裂)时,弹性元件164的整体高度将会缩小,带动载置在其上的断簧指示器166下降,此时断簧指示杆1665的贴有反光指示贴1666的一端低于防护盖板165的上表面,维护工人无法观察到反光指示贴1666,就能获知钢弹簧存在断簧情况并进行检修。
此外,断簧指示器166可预先进行装配,安装成图35所示出的状态,在进行隔振器安装时作为一个整体进行装配。
本实施例中,其他结构及工作原理与实施例一中相同,不再重复说明。
本实施例的钢弹簧隔振器160的安装流程与实施例二的安装流程基本一致,区别之处在于,由于还要安装断簧指示器166,因此在步骤S1-6中,放入锁紧垫片162后,先不安装连接件;在步骤S1-6和步骤S1-7之间还包括:步骤S1-6a,放入断簧指示器166并转动,使其与锁紧垫片、调高垫片等形成多个贯通的连接件安装孔;以及步骤S1-6b,通过连接件将断簧指示器166、锁紧垫片162、调高垫片163和弹性元件164连接在一起。此外,在步骤S1-7中,在设置在防护盖板165时,使断簧指示杆1665的贴有反光指示贴1666的一端穿过防护盖板165中部的让位孔。
其他安装流程与实施例二中相同,因此也不再重复说明。
实施例作用与效果
根据本实施例提供的弯型道床100,采用多个钢弹簧隔振器160形成浮置板形式,因此能够实现与实施例一同样的减振降噪及轨道纠偏效果。
进一步,弹性元件164包括设置在弹簧壳体内的两个直径不同、呈嵌套结构的钢弹簧,因此在其中一个断裂失效时,另一个钢弹簧仍可起到一定支撑作用,提供一定的系统冗余,提高了轨道的安全性;这样的设置也增加了灵活性,例如可将其中一个钢弹簧作为具有固定刚度的标准件,另一个钢弹簧则根据实际需要进行调节,从而能够更方便快捷地调节弹性元件164整体的刚度。
此外,钢弹簧隔振器160还包括设置在弹性元件164上方的断簧指示器166,其通过一端贴有反光指示贴1666的断簧指示杆1665来指示两个钢弹簧的状态。在正常状态时从外部可观察到反光指示贴1666;在两个弹簧的其中之一或两者都发生断裂失效的情况下,弹性元件164的整体高度缩小,带动其上的断簧指示杆1665下降,此时从外部就无法观察到反光指示贴1666,从而能够直观地指示两个钢弹簧的状态,便于维护工人观察并及时进行检修更换。此外,现有的断簧指示器有指针式、电子触发式等,其结构复杂程度以及成本均高于本实施例的方案,本实施例的断簧指示器166简单有效且成本低,由于轨道整体应用的隔振器数量大,因此采用本实施例的断簧指示器166在保证检测效果的同时能够节省大量的成本。
进一步,断簧指示杆1665安装在指示杆安装座1662上,指示杆安装座1662通过磁铁件1663吸附固定在指示器固定板1661上,由于在安装时,钢弹簧隔振器160横向位置有一 定的安装误差,如直接在指示器固定板1661上设置安装孔,断簧指示杆1665的位置与顶部防护盖板165的让位孔难以完全对准。而采用磁铁件1663,就可以通过移动磁铁件1663、调节其吸附位置可方便地调节断簧指示杆1665的安装位置,保证反光指示贴1666适当地露出,便于施工。
<实施例六>
本实施例提供一种弯型道床,与实施例一相比,区别之处在于,本实施例采用不同结构的轨下垫板。
如图37所示,凸台型轨下垫板190具有板体191、点分布突起部192以及支脚193。
板体191呈长方体,其具有相对设置的第一边缘195以及第二边缘196。
点分布突起部192包括复数个上表面相平齐的台形突起1921,复数个台形突起1921从板体191的第一边缘195并分布与第二边缘196。复数个台形突起1921在板体191的长度方向形成有多排台形突起组,相邻的两排台形突起组错位设置。每一排中台形突起1921的横截面的面积均相同,各排台形突起组中的台形突起1921的横截面的面积从第一边缘195到第二边缘196逐渐减小。
因此,本实施例的凸台型轨下垫板190也是具有变刚度设计的轨下垫板,与实施例一的复合型轨下垫板180大致相同,从第一边缘195到第二边缘196,其刚度逐渐减小。
凸台型轨下垫板190的安装方法也与复合型轨下垫板180相同,即具有更小刚度的第二边缘196安装在朝向轨道内侧的一侧。
本实施例中,其他结构及其工作原理与实施例一中相同,不再重复说明。
此外,实施例二至五的弯型道床也可采用本实施例的凸台型轨下垫板190。
实施例作用与效果
根据本实施例提供的弯型道床100,采用同样具有变刚度设计的凸台型轨下垫板190,因此能够实现与实施例一同样的减振降噪及轨道纠偏效果。
此外,本实施例的凸台型轨下垫板190仅具有多个台形突起19,因此相对更易于生产制造,成本更低。
上述实施例仅用于举例说明本发明的具体实施方式,而本发明不限于上述实施例的描述范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种弯型道床,其特征在于,包括:
    弯型板体,用于载置弯型钢轨;
    复数个轨下垫板,设置在所述弯型钢轨下方;以及
    复数个隔振器,嵌设在所述弯型板体中,所述弯型板体通过所述隔振器载置在基底上,
    其中,每个所述隔振器包含有弹性元件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的弯型道床,其特征在于:
    其中,复数个所述隔振器以及复数个所述轨下垫板均以两个一对的形式沿所述弯型板体的延伸方向间隔均匀地设置,
    一对所述隔振器及一对所述轨下垫板均分别位于两条所述弯型钢轨的下方,
    一对所述隔振器的连线以及一对所述轨下垫板的连线均在所述弯型板体的径向方向上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的弯型道床,其特征在于:
    其中,设置在轨道外股的所述隔振器的所述弹性元件的刚度小于设置在轨道内股的所述隔振器的所述弹性元件的刚度,
    所述轨下垫板一侧的刚度大于另一侧,
    在所述轨道外股以及所述轨道内股,所述轨下垫板具有更高刚度的一侧均朝向轨道外部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的弯型道床,其特征在于:
    其中,所述隔振器为开放型隔振器,所述弹性元件为橡胶弹簧,
    所述开放型隔振器还包括:
    外套筒,预埋在所述弯型板体中,所述橡胶弹簧设置在所述外套筒下方;
    弹簧支撑板,设置在所述橡胶弹簧上方;
    调高垫片,设置在所述弹簧支撑板上方;以及
    锁紧垫片,设置在所述调高垫片上方,且嵌合在所述外套筒内,并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹簧支撑板连接在一起。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的弯型道床,其特征在于:
    其中,所述隔振器为规制型隔振器,所述弹性元件包括规制用上壳体、规制用下壳体以及设置在所述规制用上壳体和所述规制用下壳体嵌合形成的包覆结构内部的橡胶弹簧,
    所述规制型隔振器还包括:
    外套筒,预埋在所述弯型板体中,所述弹性元件设置在所述外套筒下方;
    调高垫片,设置在所述弹性元件上方;以及
    锁紧垫片,设置在所述调高垫片上方,且嵌合在所述外套筒内,并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹性元件连接在一起。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的弯型道床,其特征在于:
    其中,所述隔振器为掩埋型隔振器,所述弹性元件包括弹簧支撑上壳体、弹簧支撑下壳体以及设置在所述弹簧支撑上壳体和所述弹簧支撑下壳体嵌合形成的包覆结构内部的橡胶弹簧,
    所述弹簧支撑下壳体底部具有限位柱安装槽,
    所述掩埋型隔振器还包括:
    安装座,预埋在所述弯型板体下方,所述弹性元件的上端嵌入所述安装座;
    调高垫片,设置在所述弹性元件和基底之间;以及
    限位柱,一端嵌入所述限位柱安装槽,另一端打入所述基底固定。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的弯型道床,其特征在于:
    其中,所述隔振器为叠加型隔振器,所述弹性元件包括支撑筒、支撑底座、设置在所述支撑筒和所述支撑底座嵌合形成的包覆结构内部的至少两个橡胶弹簧以及若干个弹簧连接组件,
    多个所述橡胶弹簧竖直叠加,所述弹簧连接组件设置在相邻两个所述橡胶弹簧之间,将多个所述橡胶弹簧连接成一体,
    所述叠加型隔振器还包括:
    外套筒,预埋在所述弯型板体中,所述弹性元件设置在所述外套筒下方;
    调高垫片,设置在所述弹性元件上方;以及
    锁紧垫片,设置在所述调高垫片上方,且嵌合在所述外套筒内,并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹性元件连接在一起。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的弯型道床,其特征在于:
    其中,所述弹簧连接组件具有:
    弹簧连接件,具有一对相背设置的嵌合槽,所述嵌合槽的形状与所述橡胶弹簧的端部相匹配;以及
    多个连接件固定片,安装在所述弹簧连接件上,其端部朝向所述嵌合槽内延伸,
    两个所述橡胶弹簧的相对的端部分别嵌合在一对所述嵌合槽中,并被延伸出的所述连接件固定片的端部扣住,
    所述叠加型隔振器还包括弹簧限位组件,其具有:
    顶部限位件,为截面呈L形的弧形金属件,嵌合在所述支撑筒内,用于将最上方的所述橡胶弹簧的上端卡合固定在所述支撑筒内;以及
    底部限位件,为卡簧,嵌合在所述支撑底座内,将最下方的所述橡胶弹簧的下端卡合固定在所述支撑底座内。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的弯型道床,其特征在于:
    其中,所述隔振器为钢弹簧隔振器,所述弹性元件包括支撑筒、支撑底座、设置在所述支撑筒和所述支撑底座嵌合形成的包覆结构内部的第一钢弹簧和第二钢弹簧,
    所述钢弹簧隔振器还包括:
    外套筒,预埋在所述弯型板体中,所述弹性元件设置在所述外套筒下方;
    调高垫片,设置在所述弹性元件上方;以及
    锁紧垫片,设置在所述调高垫片上方,且嵌合在所述外套筒内,并通过连接件与所述调高垫片、所述弹性元件连接在一起。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的弯型道床,其特征在于:
    其中,所述钢弹簧隔振器还包括:
    防护盖板,设置在所述外套筒的上端开口处,中部具有让位孔;以及
    断簧指示器,其具有:
    指示器固定板,为金属材质,设置在所述锁紧垫片上;
    指示杆安装座,为金属材质;
    磁铁件,将所述指示杆安装座吸附固定在所述指示器固定板上;以及
    断簧指示杆,一端安装在所述指示杆安装座中,另一端贴有反光指示贴,所述另一端从所述让位孔穿过。
PCT/CN2022/128848 2022-07-23 2022-11-01 弯型道床 WO2024021347A1 (zh)

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CN212103486U (zh) * 2020-01-20 2020-12-08 中南大学 浮置板单元轨道
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