WO2024021051A1 - 一种光栅调节装置、3d显示装置 - Google Patents

一种光栅调节装置、3d显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021051A1
WO2024021051A1 PCT/CN2022/109071 CN2022109071W WO2024021051A1 WO 2024021051 A1 WO2024021051 A1 WO 2024021051A1 CN 2022109071 W CN2022109071 W CN 2022109071W WO 2024021051 A1 WO2024021051 A1 WO 2024021051A1
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Prior art keywords
sub
electrode layer
electrode
substrate
electrodes
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PCT/CN2022/109071
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周如
薛海林
王盛
臧远生
彭晓青
张前前
许金波
商世明
王一军
许徐飞
李宝曼
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
合肥京东方光电科技有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 合肥京东方光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/109071 priority Critical patent/WO2024021051A1/zh
Priority to CN202280002496.9A priority patent/CN117918003A/zh
Publication of WO2024021051A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024021051A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • G02B30/31—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers involving active parallax barriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular, to a grating adjustment device and a 3D display device.
  • 3D (three-dimensional) display technology has become a popular research field.
  • Most of the existing 3D display devices require users to wear 3D glasses to watch, which is very troublesome and has poor user experience. Therefore, naked-eye 3D display devices that can achieve 3D display effects without wearing 3D glasses have attracted attention.
  • inventions of the present application provide a grating adjustment device, which is applied to a 3D display device.
  • the 3D display device includes a display panel, the display panel includes a first polarization unit, and the grating adjustment device is disposed on the On the side of the display panel away from the first polarizing unit, the grating adjustment device includes:
  • first substrate and a second substrate a first substrate and a second substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate being arranged oppositely;
  • a second polarizing unit disposed on a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate
  • a third polarizing unit disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate;
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizing unit is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the second polarizing unit, and the absorption axis of the second polarizing unit is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the third polarizing unit.
  • the grating adjustment device further includes an electrode layer, which is disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the third polarization unit;
  • the angle ⁇ between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the extension direction of the electrode layer satisfies: 0° ⁇ 180°, and ⁇ 90°.
  • the extending direction of the electrode layer is parallel to the first substrate
  • the absorption axis of the third polarization unit is parallel to the first substrate.
  • the electrode layer extends in the same direction.
  • the electrode layer includes a plurality of electrode parts, and adjacent electrode parts are electrically connected;
  • the electrode part includes a first sub-electrode part and a second sub-electrode part, the first sub-electrode part is electrically connected to the second sub-electrode part, and the extending direction of the first sub-electrode part is in contact with the third sub-electrode part.
  • the two sub-electrode portions extend in different directions.
  • adjacent electrode parts are in direct contact, and the first sub-electrode part is in direct contact with the second sub-electrode part;
  • the electrode layer further includes a corner portion, adjacent electrode portions are connected through the corner portion, and the first sub-electrode portion and the second sub-electrode portion are connected through the corner portion.
  • the electrode layer includes a first sub-electrode layer and a second sub-electrode layer, the second sub-electrode layer is provided between the first sub-electrode layer and the first substrate, and the third sub-electrode layer
  • a sub-electrode layer includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged along a first direction, and the second sub-electrode layer is arranged on the entire surface;
  • All the first sub-electrodes extend in the same direction.
  • the electrode layer includes a first sub-electrode layer and a second sub-electrode layer, the second sub-electrode layer is provided between the first sub-electrode layer and the first substrate, and the third sub-electrode layer
  • a sub-electrode layer includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged along a first direction, and the second sub-electrode layer is arranged on the entire surface;
  • Each of the first sub-electrodes includes a plurality of electrode parts.
  • the electrode layer includes a first sub-electrode layer and a second sub-electrode layer, the second sub-electrode layer is provided between the first sub-electrode layer and the first substrate, and the third sub-electrode layer
  • a sub-electrode layer includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged along a first direction
  • the second sub-electrode layer includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes arranged along the first direction
  • the first sub-electrodes are The orthographic projection on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the second sub-electrode on the first substrate are alternately arranged;
  • All of the first sub-electrodes and all of the second sub-electrodes extend in the same direction.
  • the electrode layer includes a first sub-electrode layer and a second sub-electrode layer, the second sub-electrode layer is provided between the first sub-electrode layer and the first substrate, and the third sub-electrode layer
  • a sub-electrode layer includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged along a first direction
  • the second sub-electrode layer includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes arranged along the first direction
  • the first sub-electrodes are The orthographic projection on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the second sub-electrode on the first substrate are alternately arranged;
  • Each of the first sub-electrodes and each of the second sub-electrodes includes a plurality of electrode portions.
  • the electrode layer includes a third sub-electrode layer, the third sub-electrode layer is provided on a side of the first substrate away from the third polarization unit, the third sub-electrode layer includes a a plurality of third sub-electrodes and a plurality of fourth sub-electrodes arranged in a first direction, the third sub-electrodes and the fourth sub-electrodes being arranged alternately and at intervals;
  • All the third sub-electrodes and the fourth sub-electrodes extend along the same direction.
  • the electrode layer includes a third sub-electrode layer, the third sub-electrode layer is disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the third polarization unit, the third sub-electrode layer includes a a plurality of third sub-electrodes and a plurality of fourth sub-electrodes arranged in a first direction, the third sub-electrodes and the fourth sub-electrodes being arranged alternately and at intervals;
  • Each of the third sub-electrodes and each of the fourth sub-electrodes includes a plurality of electrode portions.
  • the angle between the absorption axis of the second polarization unit and the second substrate is 0°, and the angle between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the first substrate is 90°. ;
  • the angle between the absorption axis of the second polarization unit and the second substrate is 90°, and the angle between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the first substrate is 0°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the extension direction of the electrode layer satisfies: 5-85°.
  • the grating adjustment device further includes a plurality of grating units arranged along the first direction, the grating unit includes a plurality of the first sub-electrodes and a plurality of the second sub-electrodes, and is The grating unit is configured to form a light-transmitting unit and a light-shielding unit when the grating adjustment device is powered on; the grating adjustment device further includes a plurality of first driving lines and a plurality of second driving lines; each The first sub-electrodes are electrically connected to different first driving lines, and each of the second sub-electrodes is electrically connected to different second driving lines.
  • the grating adjustment device further includes at least one driving unit; the first driving line and the second driving line are electrically connected to at least one of the driving units.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a 3D display device, including a display panel and the above-mentioned grating adjustment device; the grating adjustment device is arranged opposite to the display panel.
  • the 3D display device further includes an eye tracking module configured to obtain the viewing distance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another 3D display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram for realizing 3D display provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a TN-type 3D display device in related technology provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a product rendering of a 3D display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a horizontal direction L0 brightness change diagram of a TN-type grating adjustment device in a related technology provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 8 is a full-view CR diagram of a TN-type grating adjustment device in related technology provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 9 is a horizontal direction L0 brightness change diagram of an ADS type grating adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a full-view CR diagram of an ADS-type grating adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the first first sub-electrode layer and the second sub-electrode layer provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the second first sub-electrode layer and the second sub-electrode layer provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the third first sub-electrode layer and the second sub-electrode layer provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the fourth first sub-electrode layer and the second sub-electrode layer provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the fifth first sub-electrode layer and the second sub-electrode layer provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the sixth first sub-electrode layer and the second sub-electrode layer provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the seventh first sub-electrode layer and the second sub-electrode layer provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another 3D display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of an electric field provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel provided by an embodiment of the present application in which the BM coincides with the center line of the light shielding unit of the grating adjustment device.
  • words such as “first”, “second” and “third” are used to distinguish the same or similar items with basically the same functions and effects only for the purpose of clearly describing the technology of the embodiments of the present application. scheme, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the technical features indicated.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a grating adjustment device applied to a 3D display device.
  • the 3D display device includes a display panel 200.
  • the display panel 200 includes a first polarizing unit 12.
  • the grating adjustment device 100 is disposed on a side of the display panel 200 away from the first polarization unit 12; the grating adjustment device 100 include:
  • the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the second polarizing unit 11 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 2 away from the first substrate 1 .
  • the third polarizing unit 16 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 1 away from the second substrate 2 .
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizing unit 12 is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the second polarizing unit 11
  • the absorption axis of the second polarizing unit 11 is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the third polarizing unit 16 .
  • the above-mentioned grating adjustment device may include a liquid crystal grating adjustment device, and its type may be ADS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch, advanced super-dimensional field conversion) type, IPS (In Plane Switching, plane switching) type, TN (Twisted Nematic, twisted nematic) Type and other types of liquid crystal grating adjustment devices.
  • ADS Advanced Super Dimension Switch, advanced super-dimensional field conversion
  • IPS In Plane Switching, plane switching
  • TN Transmission Nematic, twisted nematic
  • the grating adjustment device is an ADS or IPS type liquid crystal grating adjustment device, the light can be changed by changing the twist of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer located on the electrode side of the same side of the ADS or IPS type liquid crystal grating adjustment device.
  • the amount of light output after passing through the grating adjustment device forms a light-transmitting unit and a light-shielding unit.
  • the grating adjustment device is a TN-type liquid crystal grating adjustment device
  • the twist of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer between the upper and lower electrodes in the TN-type liquid crystal grating adjustment device can be changed to change the light after passing through the grating adjustment device.
  • the above-mentioned display panel may be an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal display panel), and the specific type of the display panel is not limited here.
  • the 3D display device includes a display panel 200 and a grating adjustment device 100 .
  • the grating adjustment device 100 is arranged opposite to the display panel 200 .
  • the grating adjustment device can be arranged on the light exit side of the display panel. In this case, the grating adjustment device can be called a front grating.
  • the grating adjustment device and the display panel share the third polarization unit; or, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the grating
  • the adjustment device 100 can be disposed on the backlight side of the display panel 200. In this case, the grating adjustment device 100 can be called a rear grating.
  • the grating adjustment device 100 and the display panel 200 share the second polarization unit 11, which is not limited here.
  • first polarizing unit second polarizing unit
  • third polarizing unit third polarizing unit
  • the materials of the first polarizing unit, the second polarizing unit, and the third polarizing unit may each include PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) or PVC (polyvinyl chloride); the first polarizing unit, the second polarizing unit, and the third polarizing unit
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the types can include linear polarizers and gratings.
  • the materials of the first substrate and the second substrate are not specifically limited here.
  • the materials of both the first substrate and the second substrate may include glass and PI (polyimide).
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizing unit is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the second polarizing unit, and the absorption axis of the second polarizing unit is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the third polarizing unit.
  • the specific angle of the absorption axis of each polarization unit is not limited here.
  • the angle between the absorption axis of the first polarization unit and the display panel can be 45°/135° or 0°/90°.
  • the second polarization unit The angle between the absorption axis of the unit and the second substrate can be 135°/45°, 90°/0°, then the angle between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the first substrate can be 45°/135°, 0°/90°, so that the absorption axis angle of the first polarization unit matches the absorption axis angle of the second polarization unit, and the absorption axis angle of the second polarization unit matches the absorption axis angle of the third polarization unit.
  • the grating adjustment device includes a plurality of grating units arranged along a first direction (the OA direction shown in FIG. 3 ).
  • the grating unit 20 can form a light-transmitting unit. 21 and light-shielding unit 22, the light-transmitting unit can transmit light (equivalent to the opening of the grating unit), and the light-shielding unit cannot transmit light; multiple grating units cooperate to ultimately form a grating with multiple openings.
  • the aperture ratio of the grating unit is the area of the light-transmitting unit/(the area of the light-transmitting unit + the area of the light-shielding unit).
  • the grating adjustment device installed on the backlight side of the display panel as an example to illustrate the principle of realizing 3D display.
  • the positions of the user's left eye and right eye are marked as viewpoint 1 and viewpoint 2 respectively (that is, the number of viewpoints n is 2)
  • the distance between the two eyes is the interpupillary distance L
  • the initial viewing distance that is, the eye and the display
  • the distance between panels) is marked as S
  • the distance between the display panel 200 and the grating adjustment device 100 is the placement height h
  • the width of a single pixel unit in the display panel 200 along the first direction (OA direction) is P
  • the grating adjustment device The width of the grating unit 20 in 100 along the first direction (OA direction) is C (also called Pitch C)
  • the width of the light-transmitting unit 21 along the first direction (OA direction) is a
  • the light-shielding unit 22 is along the first direction.
  • the width (OA direction) is C-a.
  • the display panel includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, and the pixel unit may include a plurality of sub-pixels, such as red (R) sub-pixels, green (G) sub-pixels or blue (B) sub-pixels.
  • TN-type grating adjustment devices are usually used, as shown in Figure 5.
  • tests have found that there is often a 3D ghosting problem as shown in the dotted box in Figure 6.
  • the left eye view is normal, but a ghost appears in the dotted line box of the right eye view.
  • the human eye moves left and right, the larger the deflection angle, the more serious the ghost problem.
  • the light-transmitting unit 21 is controlled by the grating adjustment device to transmit light and the light-shielding unit 22 is not light-transmitting, so that the left eye and the right eye can only see the left and right images with a certain parallax respectively. view, resulting in a 3D effect.
  • the light shielding unit 22 of the grating adjustment device in Figure 4 is not dark enough and there is light leakage, the right eye will not only see the view it sees itself, but also the left eye view with a certain brightness, resulting in ghosting. question. That is to say, the TN electronic grating technology in the related technology. Due to the serious light leakage of the TN grating adjustment device at large viewing angles, serious ghosting problems will occur when users watch the 3D display device at large viewing angles, causing users to have nausea, dizziness and other adverse feelings.
  • Figure 7 is the L0 brightness change diagram of the TN-type grating adjustment device at the horizontal viewing angle from -45° to 0° and 0° to 45°;
  • Figure 8 is the full-view CR diagram of the TN-type grating adjustment device.
  • the L0 brightness increases sharply from 0° to -45° and from 0° to 45°, indicating that the black bars in Figure 4 are not black enough and light is transmitted through them, resulting in ghosting. question.
  • Figure 8 refer to Figure 8.
  • the direction with the best viewing angle is the oblique 45° direction. This is because the absorption axis directions of the upper polarizer and the lower polarizer of the conventional TN grating adjustment device are 45°/135°, and the best viewing angle is in the horizontal direction; but when the TN grating adjustment device is combined with When the display panels are bonded together to form the 3D display device shown in Figure 5, the TN grating adjustment device 100 and the display panel 200 share the second polarization unit 11.
  • the commonly used display panel 200 in the related art is an ADS type display panel
  • the absorption axis directions of the upper polarizer and the lower polarizer of the ADS display panel are 0°/90°, which does not match 45°/135°, causing the best viewing angle direction to change from the horizontal direction to the oblique 45° direction. , which in turn leads to ghosting problems in 3D images, which greatly reduces the user experience and seriously restricts the promotion of 3D display devices.
  • the absorption axis of the first polarization unit is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the second polarization unit
  • the absorption axis of the second polarization unit is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the third polarization unit.
  • the axis is vertical. For example, when the absorption axis direction of the first polarization unit is 0°, the absorption axis direction of the second polarization unit is 90°.
  • the absorption axis direction of the third polarization unit in the grating adjustment device is 0°, that is,
  • the display panel is an ADS type display panel
  • the grating adjustment device is an ADS type grating adjustment device, so that the absorption axis direction of the display panel matches that of the grating adjustment device, and the horizontal viewing angle of the grating adjustment device is equal to the horizontal viewing angle of the display panel. It is better, thereby greatly reducing or even eliminating the ghosting problem of the 3D display device, and the user experience is good.
  • Figure 9 is the L0 brightness change diagram of the ADS type grating adjustment device at -45° to 0° and 0° to 45° horizontal viewing angles;
  • Figure 10 is the full viewing angle CR diagram of the ADS type grating adjustment device.
  • the L0 brightness slowly decreases from 0° to -45° and from 0° to 45°, indicating that the black bars in Figure 4 are black enough and there is almost no ghosting problem.
  • the best viewing direction at each angle is the horizontal direction.
  • the grating adjustment device 100 further includes an electrode layer 3 , which is disposed on a side of the first substrate 1 away from the third polarization unit 16 .
  • the angle ⁇ between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the extension direction of the electrode layer satisfies: 0° ⁇ 180°, and ⁇ 90°. Since the absorption axis direction of the polarizing unit is consistent with the alignment direction (rubbing direction) of the alignment layer in the 3D display device, the liquid crystal with the initial alignment can be deflected after powering on, achieving a better 3D display effect and minimizing even Eliminate ghosting problems on 3D display devices.
  • the material of the electrode layer may include a transparent conductive material, such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
  • ITO Indium Tin Oxide
  • the above-mentioned electrode layer may include a single-layer structure; or the above-mentioned electrode layer may include a multi-layer structure, and the specific structure of the electrode layer may be determined according to the type of the grating adjustment device.
  • the specific value of the angle ⁇ between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the extension direction of the electrode layer is not limited here.
  • the angle ⁇ between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the extension direction of the electrode layer may be 5°, 20°, 35°, 56°, 85°, etc.
  • the extension direction of the electrode layer 3 is parallel to the first substrate. Therefore, the angle ⁇ between the absorption axis direction of the third polarization unit and the extension direction of the electrode layer can be set to achieve the initial alignment of the liquid crystal and minimize or even eliminate the ghosting problem of the 3D display device.
  • FIG. 11 takes the electrode layer 3 including the first electrode layer 31 and the second electrode layer 32 shown in FIG. 1 as an example.
  • the second electrode layer 32 is provided on the entire surface, and the first electrode layer 31 It is shown as an example that all the first sub-electrodes 311 are arranged in a direction parallel to the first substrate.
  • the electrode layer 3 may also include the first electrode layer 31 and the second electrode layer 32 shown in FIG. 2 , in which case the second electrode layer includes a plurality of discrete slit electrodes 321 .
  • the absorption axis L1 of the third polarization unit is parallel to the first substrate. Therefore, the extension direction of the electrode layer and the absorption axis direction of the third polarization unit are set to have an included angle ⁇ to achieve the initial alignment of the liquid crystal and minimize or even eliminate the ghosting problem of the 3D display device.
  • the electrode layer 3 extends in the same direction. At this time, it is convenient to make the electrode layer, which is simple and easy to implement.
  • the electrode layer 3 includes the first electrode layer 31 and the second electrode layer 32 shown in Figure 1.
  • the second electrode layer 32 is arranged on the entire surface, and all the first sub-electrodes 311 in the first electrode layer 31 are along the The same direction (the direction at an angle ⁇ to the absorption axis L1 of the third polarizing unit shown in FIG. 12 ) extends.
  • the electrode layer 3 includes the first electrode layer 31 and the second electrode layer 32 shown in Figure 2.
  • the second electrode layer 32 includes a plurality of discrete slit electrodes 321, and all of the first electrode layer 31
  • One sub-electrode 311 and all second sub-electrodes 321 in the second electrode layer 32 extend in the same direction (the direction at an angle ⁇ to the absorption axis L1 of the third polarization unit shown in FIG. 12 ).
  • the electrode layer 3 when the absorption axis L1 of the third polarization unit is parallel to the first substrate, the electrode layer 3 includes a plurality of electrode portions 33, and adjacent electrode portions 33 are electrically connected;
  • the part 33 includes a first sub-electrode part 331 and a second sub-electrode part 332.
  • the first sub-electrode part 331 and the second sub-electrode part 332 are electrically connected, and the extending direction of the first sub-electrode part 331 is in contact with the second sub-electrode part 332.
  • the extension directions are different. This allows the electrode layer to occupy a smaller space and achieve miniaturization of the 3D display device.
  • the shape of the electrode portion is not specifically limited here.
  • the shape of the orthographic projection of the electrode part on the first substrate may be a rectangle, a rhombus, etc.
  • the adjacent electrode portions are electrically connected is not limited here.
  • the adjacent electrode parts may be in direct contact; or the adjacent electrode parts may be electrically connected through other structures.
  • the first sub-electrode part and the second sub-electrode part are not specifically limited here.
  • the first sub-electrode part and the second sub-electrode part may have the same shape, area, etc.; or, the first sub-electrode part and the second sub-electrode part may have different shapes, areas, etc.
  • first sub-electrode part and the second sub-electrode part are electrically connected is not limited here.
  • the first sub-electrode part and the second sub-electrode part may be in direct contact; or the first sub-electrode part and the second sub-electrode part may be electrically connected through other structures.
  • adjacent electrode parts 33 are in direct contact, and the first sub-electrode part 331 and the second sub-electrode part 332 are in direct contact.
  • the electrode layer further includes a corner portion 34 , adjacent electrode portions 33 are connected through the corner portion 34 , and the first sub-electrode portion 331 and the second sub-electrode portion 332 are connected through the corner portion 34 .
  • the material, shape, etc. of the above-mentioned corner portion are not specifically limited here.
  • the material of the corner portion may include metal, etc., and may be specifically determined according to the material of the electrode layer.
  • the shape of the orthographic projection of the corner portion on the first substrate may include a straight line, an arc, etc.
  • e in Figure 15 represents the width of each electrode portion along the second direction (the OB direction shown in Figure 3). According to actual process capabilities, the e value can range from tens to hundreds of microns.
  • the electrode layer 3 includes a first sub-electrode layer 31 and a second sub-electrode layer 32 , and the second sub-electrode layer 32 is provided between the first sub-electrode layer 31 and the first substrate 1 , the first sub-electrode layer 31 includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes 311 arranged along the first direction, and the second sub-electrode layer 32 is arranged on the entire surface.
  • the angle ⁇ between the extension direction of the first sub-electrode and the absorption axis direction of the third polarization unit can be set to achieve the initial alignment of the liquid crystal and minimize or even eliminate the ghosting problem of the 3D display device.
  • the extension directions of all the above-mentioned first sub-electrodes are not specifically limited here.
  • the extension direction of all the first sub-electrodes mentioned above is parallel to the first substrate; or, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, the absorption axis L1 of the third polarization unit is parallel to the first substrate.
  • the extension direction of all the above-mentioned first sub-electrodes has an included angle ⁇ with the absorption axis L1 of the third polarization unit.
  • the electrode layer 3 includes a first sub-electrode layer 31 and a second sub-electrode layer 32 , and the second sub-electrode layer 32 is provided between the first sub-electrode layer 31 and the first substrate 1 , the first sub-electrode layer 31 includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes 311 arranged along the first direction, and the second sub-electrode layer 32 is arranged on the entire surface.
  • each first sub-electrode 311 includes a plurality of electrode parts. As a result, the first sub-electrode can occupy a smaller space and achieve miniaturization of the 3D display device.
  • the electrode layer 3 includes a first sub-electrode layer 31 and a second sub-electrode layer 32 .
  • the second sub-electrode layer 32 is provided between the first sub-electrode layer 31 and the first substrate 1 .
  • the first sub-electrode layer 31 includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes 311 arranged along the first direction
  • the second sub-electrode layer 32 includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes 321 arranged along the first direction
  • the first sub-electrodes 311 The orthographic projection on the first substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the second sub-electrode 321 on the first substrate 1 are alternately arranged.
  • all first sub-electrodes 311 and all second sub-electrodes 321 extend in the same direction. Therefore, both the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode are easy to manufacture and easy to implement.
  • the electrode layer 3 includes a first sub-electrode layer 31 and a second sub-electrode layer 32 .
  • the second sub-electrode layer 32 is provided between the first sub-electrode layer 31 and the first substrate 1 .
  • the first sub-electrode layer 31 includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes 311 arranged along the first direction
  • the second sub-electrode layer 32 includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes 321 arranged along the first direction
  • the first sub-electrodes 311 The orthographic projection on the first substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the second sub-electrode 321 on the first substrate 1 are alternately arranged.
  • each first sub-electrode and each second sub-electrode includes a plurality of electrode parts. Therefore, the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode can occupy a smaller space, thereby achieving miniaturization of the 3D display device.
  • the electrode layer 3 includes a third sub-electrode layer.
  • the third sub-electrode layer is provided on a side of the first substrate 1 away from the third polarizing unit 16 .
  • the third sub-electrode layer includes a third sub-electrode layer along the first substrate 1 .
  • a plurality of third sub-electrodes 351 and a plurality of fourth sub-electrodes 352 are arranged in one direction, and the third sub-electrodes 351 and the fourth sub-electrodes 352 are arranged alternately and at intervals.
  • All third sub-electrodes and fourth sub-electrodes extend in the same direction. Therefore, the third sub-electrode and the fourth sub-electrode are easy to manufacture and easy to implement.
  • the electrode layer 3 includes a third sub-electrode layer.
  • the third sub-electrode layer is provided on a side of the first substrate 1 away from the third polarizing unit 16 .
  • the third sub-electrode layer includes a third sub-electrode layer along the first substrate 1 .
  • a plurality of third sub-electrodes 351 and a plurality of fourth sub-electrodes 352 are arranged in one direction, and the third sub-electrodes 351 and the fourth sub-electrodes 352 are arranged alternately and at intervals.
  • each third sub-electrode and each fourth sub-electrode includes a plurality of electrode parts.
  • the third sub-electrode and the fourth sub-electrode can occupy a smaller space, thereby achieving miniaturization of the 3D display device.
  • the angle between the absorption axis of the second polarization unit and the second substrate is 0°, and the angle between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the first substrate is 90°; or, the angle between the absorption axis of the second polarization unit and the first substrate is 90°.
  • the angle between the absorption axis and the second substrate is 90°, and the angle between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the first substrate is 0°. Therefore, the display panel is an ADS type display panel and the grating adjustment device is an ADS type grating adjustment device, which can better reduce or even eliminate ghost images and improve user experience.
  • the angle ⁇ between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the extension direction of the electrode layer satisfies: 5-85°.
  • the specific value of the angle ⁇ between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the extension direction of the electrode layer is not limited here.
  • the angle ⁇ between the absorption axis of the third polarization unit and the extension direction of the electrode layer may be 5°, 15°, 36°, 53°, 70°, or 85°, etc.
  • the grating adjustment device 100 further includes a plurality of grating units 20 arranged along the first direction.
  • the grating unit 20 includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes 311 and a plurality of second sub-electrodes. 321. And is configured such that when the grating adjustment device 100 is powered on, the grating unit 20 can form the light-transmitting unit 21 and the light-shielding unit 22.
  • the grating adjustment device also includes a plurality of first driving lines 41 and a plurality of second driving lines 42; each first sub-electrode 311 is electrically connected to a different first driving line 41, and each second sub-electrode 321 It is electrically connected to a different second driving line 42 .
  • Naked-eye 3D technology is mainly divided into two categories: binocular parallax reproduction technology and original light field technology.
  • the main principle of reproducing binocular parallax technology is to enable the user's left eye and right eye to receive two images with parallax respectively, and the two images are synthesized into a 3D image in the user's brain. Based on this, by doing some processing on the display panel, the images with parallax can be mapped to the user's left eye and right eye respectively, thereby generating a 3D image.
  • Electronic grating is one of the naked-eye 3D technologies that reproduces binocular parallax.
  • this technology uses a 2D display panel with an ADS-type liquid crystal grating adjustment device to achieve a 3D effect.
  • the ADS-type liquid crystal grating adjustment device Using double-layer electrodes (i.e., the first sub-electrode layer and the second sub-electrode layer), the electric field generated between the first sub-electrode layer and the second sub-electrode layer drives the deflection of the liquid crystal to control the light transmission or opacity of different areas.
  • this technology uses a 2D display panel with an IPS-type liquid crystal grating adjustment device to achieve a 3D effect.
  • the IPS-type liquid crystal grating adjustment device uses a single-layer electrode (i.e., the third sub-electrode layer and the fourth sub-electrode layer). ), the electric field generated between the third sub-electrode layer and the fourth sub-electrode layer drives the deflection of the liquid crystal to control the light transmission or opacity of different areas, so that the user's left eye and right eye can receive different images respectively, achieving a 3D display effect. .
  • the center of the black matrix (BM) on the display panel coincides with the center of the light shielding unit of the TN-type liquid crystal grating adjustment device.
  • L is the center line of the shading unit and BM.
  • the front projection of the first sub-electrode on the first substrate and the front projection of the second sub-electrode on the first substrate are alternately arranged, and the front projection of the first sub-electrode on the first substrate and the front projection of the second sub-electrode on the first substrate are alternately arranged.
  • the orthographic projections on the first substrate may partially overlap or not overlap, which is not limited here. Due to limitations of related processes, the boundary of the first sub-electrode and the boundary of the second sub-electrode partially overlap in the direction perpendicular to the first substrate, so the orthographic projection of the first sub-electrode on the first substrate does not overlap with the boundary of the second sub-electrode.
  • the orthographic projections of the electrodes on the first substrate partially overlap.
  • the part of the first sub-electrode 311 that overlaps with the second sub-electrode 321 in the direction perpendicular to the first substrate 1 is an inactive electrode, which is shielded by the second sub-electrode 321 and has no effect on the liquid crystal. Does not work; the part of the first sub-electrode 311 that does not overlap with the second sub-electrode 321 in the direction perpendicular to the first substrate 1 is an effective electrode, which can control the rotation of the liquid crystal.
  • the first sub-electrode 311 321 is close to the liquid crystal layer and will not be affected by the second sub-electrode 321.
  • the grating adjustment device may further include an insulating layer 18 .
  • the shape of the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode is not limited.
  • the shape of the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode may include a strip shape as shown in Figure 19, and the cross-sectional shape may include a rectangle or a square. , straight trapezoid or inverted trapezoid, etc.
  • FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 18 all illustrate an example in which the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode have a rectangular cross-section.
  • the grating adjustment device further includes at least one driving unit; the first driving line and the second driving line are electrically connected to at least one driving unit.
  • the specific number of driving units is not limited here.
  • one driving unit 5 may be included as shown in FIG. 19 , or multiple driving units may be included.
  • the driving unit may include a driving chip (IC), and the driving chip may be directly connected to the first driving line and the second driving line to provide a driving voltage signal.
  • the grating adjustment device also includes an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) 6, and the driving unit 5 can be bound to the FPC 6.
  • FPC Flexible Printed Circuit
  • Each of the above groups of first driving lines can be electrically connected to one driving unit as shown in Figure 19, or each group of first driving lines can be divided into two parts, one part is electrically connected to one driving unit, and the other part is electrically connected to another driving unit. Connection is not limited here.
  • each group of second driving lines mentioned above can be electrically connected to one driving unit as shown in Figure 19, or each group of second driving lines can be divided into two parts, one part is electrically connected to one driving unit, and the other part is electrically connected to another driving unit.
  • the drive unit is electrically connected, which is not limited here.
  • the grating adjustment device also includes a grating region G1 and a non-grating region G2 connected to the grating region G1; a first electrode layer (including the first sub-electrode 311) and a second electrode layer (including the first sub-electrode 311).
  • the second sub-electrode 321) is provided in the grating area G1, and the plurality of first driving lines 41 and the plurality of second driving lines 42 are provided in the non-grating area G2.
  • first driving line and second driving line can also be arranged in the grating area; however, if the first driving line and the second driving line are arranged in the grating area, brightness moiré may be formed, thereby affecting the grating unit. Therefore, The first driving line and the second driving line may be selected to be arranged in the non-grating area.
  • one end of the first sub-electrode extends to the non-grating area and is connected to the corresponding first driving line; one end of the second sub-electrode extends to the non-grating area and is connected to the corresponding second driving line.
  • the first sub-electrode and the first driving line can be electrically connected, and the second sub-electrode and the second driving line can be electrically connected without setting additional leads, which is simple and easy to implement.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a 3D display device, as shown in FIGS. 1 , 2 and 18 , including: a display panel 200 and the above-mentioned grating adjustment device 100 ; the grating adjustment device 100 is arranged opposite to the display panel 200 .
  • the grating adjustment device can be disposed on the light exit side of the display panel.
  • the grating adjustment device can be called a front grating; or, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 18, the grating adjustment device 100 can be disposed on the display panel 200 On the backlight side, at this time, the grating adjustment device can be called a rear grating, which is not limited here.
  • the type of the display panel is not limited.
  • the type can be an ADS type, IPS type, etc. liquid crystal display panel.
  • the 3D display device may further include a backlight module to provide backlight.
  • the backlight module may be disposed on the backlight side of the grating adjustment device.
  • the backlight module can be disposed on the backlight side of the display panel.
  • the 3D display device can significantly reduce or even eliminate ghosting problems, thereby greatly improving user experience and product quality.
  • the 3D display device includes an eye tracking module, and the eye tracking module is configured to obtain the viewing distance.
  • the above-mentioned eye tracking module can include a camera, and the grating adjustment device can analyze the eye position and other information based on the shooting information of the eye tracking module and related eye tracking technology, thereby obtaining the viewing distance based on the eye position and other information, and adjust the grating unit in real time. , thereby matching the user's viewpoint position as much as possible, thereby greatly reducing or even eliminating ghosting problems, and improving user experience and product quality.
  • the advantage of using a grating adjustment device to form a 3D display device is that it can realize free switching between 2D display and 3D display, and during 2D display, the grating adjustment device is closed, which has little impact on the transmittance of the 2D display.
  • the display panel includes a touch display panel.
  • the grating adjustment device 100 is provided on the backlight side of the display panel 200; this can avoid the impact of the grating adjustment device on the touch effect. Thereby improving the touch quality.
  • the touch display panel can adopt TDDI (Touch and Display Integration) touch technology.
  • TDDI Touch and Display Integration
  • the touch structure is not limited here and can be obtained based on related technologies.
  • the grating adjustment device 100 includes a grating area G1 and a non-grating area G2 connected to the grating area G1;
  • the display panel 200 includes a display area AA , and a non-display area BB connected to the display area AA; wherein the display area AA covers the grating area G1, and the non-display area BB covers the non-grating area G2.
  • the display area of the above-mentioned display panel is used to set pixels to achieve display; the non-display area is used to set drive circuits, etc.
  • the grating adjustment device 100 includes a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 that are arranged oppositely, and the display panel 200 includes a third substrate 9 that is arranged oppositely.
  • the fourth substrate 10; the second substrate 2 and the third substrate are bonded together.
  • the double-sided tape 13 shown in Figures 1 and 2 can be used for bonding.
  • the above-mentioned display panel may also include a color filter layer 17, a first sealant 15, a driver chip 7, a circuit board 8 and other structures; the grating adjustment device may also include a second sealant. 14. Insulating layer 18 and other structures. Only the content related to the invention point is introduced here, and the rest of the structure can be obtained by referring to related technologies.

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Abstract

一种光栅调节装置（100）、3D显示装置，涉及显示技术领域，光栅调节装置（100）应用于3D显示装置，3D显示装置包括显示面板（200）。显示面板（200）包括第一偏振单元（12）。光栅调节装置（100）设置在显示面板（200）远离第一偏振单元（12）的一侧，光栅调节装置（100）包括：第一衬底（1）和第二衬底（2），第一衬底（1）和第二衬底（2）相对设置；第二偏振单元（11），设置在第二衬底（2）远离第一衬底（1）的一侧；第三偏振单元（16），设置在第一衬底（1）远离第二衬底（2）的一侧；第一偏振单元（12）的吸收轴与第二偏振单元（11）的吸收轴垂直、且第二偏振单元（11）的吸收轴与第三偏振单元（16）的吸收轴垂直。光栅调节装置（100）可以减小甚至消除3D 显示装置的重影问题。

Description

一种光栅调节装置、3D显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种光栅调节装置、3D显示装置。
背景技术
随着科技发展和技术进步，3D(三维)显示技术已成为热门研究领域。现有的3D显示装置，大多需要用户佩戴3D眼镜才能观看，非常麻烦，用户体验差。因此，不用配戴3D眼镜就可以达到3D显示效果的裸眼3D显示装置受到关注。
然而，目前裸眼3D显示装置在使用过程中常存在重影问题，导致用户体验差。
发明内容
本申请的实施例采用如下技术方案：
一方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种光栅调节装置，应用于3D显示装置，所述3D显示装置包括显示面板，所述显示面板包括第一偏振单元，所述光栅调节装置设置在所述显示面板远离所述第一偏振单元的一侧，所述光栅调节装置包括：
第一衬底和第二衬底，所述第一衬底和所述第二衬底相对设置；
第二偏振单元，设置在所述第二衬底远离所述第一衬底的一侧；
第三偏振单元，设置在所述第一衬底远离所述第二衬底的一侧；
所述第一偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第二偏振单元的吸收轴垂直、且所述第二偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴垂直。
可选地，所述光栅调节装置还包括电极层，所述电极层设置在所述第一衬底远离所述第三偏振单元的一侧；
所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ满足：0°＜θ＜180°、且θ≠90°。
可选地，所述电极层的延伸方向与所述第一衬底平行；
或者，所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底平行。
可选地，所述在所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底平行的情况下，所述电极层沿同一方向延伸。
可选地，所述在所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底平行的 情况下，所述电极层包括多个电极部，相邻所述电极部电连接；
所述电极部包括第一子电极部和第二子电极部，所述第一子电极部与所述第二子电极部电连接、且所述第一子电极部的延伸方向与所述第二子电极部的延伸方向不同。
可选地，相邻所述电极部直接接触、且所述第一子电极部与所述第二子电极部直接接触；
或者，所述电极层还包括转角部，相邻所述电极部通过所述转角部相连、且所述第一子电极部与所述第二子电极部通过所述转角部相连。
可选地，所述电极层包括第一子电极层和第二子电极层，所述第二子电极层设置在所述第一子电极层与所述第一衬底之间，所述第一子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极，所述第二子电极层整面设置；
所有所述第一子电极沿所述同一方向延伸。
可选地，所述电极层包括第一子电极层和第二子电极层，所述第二子电极层设置在所述第一子电极层与所述第一衬底之间，所述第一子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极，所述第二子电极层整面设置；
各所述第一子电极包括多个所述电极部。
可选地，所述电极层包括第一子电极层和第二子电极层，所述第二子电极层设置在所述第一子电极层与所述第一衬底之间，所述第一子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极，所述第二子电极层包括沿所述第一方向排布的多个第二子电极，所述第一子电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影与所述第二子电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影交替设置；
所有所述第一子电极和所有所述第二子电极均沿所述同一方向延伸。
可选地，所述电极层包括第一子电极层和第二子电极层，所述第二子电极层设置在所述第一子电极层与所述第一衬底之间，所述第一子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极，所述第二子电极层包括沿所述第一方向排布的多个第二子电极，所述第一子电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影与所述第二子电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影交替设置；
各所述第一子电极和各所述第二子电极均包括多个所述电极部。
可选地，所述电极层包括第三子电极层，所述第三子电极层设置在 所述第一衬底远离所述第三偏振单元的一侧，所述第三子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第三子电极和多个第四子电极，所述第三子电极和所述第四子电极交替且间隔设置；
所有所述第三子电极和所述第四子电极均沿所述同一方向延伸。
可选地，所述电极层包括第三子电极层，所述第三子电极层设置在所述第一衬底远离所述第三偏振单元的一侧，所述第三子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第三子电极和多个第四子电极，所述第三子电极和所述第四子电极交替且间隔设置；
各所述第三子电极和各所述第四子电极均包括多个所述电极部。
可选地，所述第二偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第二衬底的夹角为0°、且所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底的夹角为90°；
或者，所述第二偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第二衬底的夹角为90°、且所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底的夹角为0°。
可选地，所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ满足：5-85°。
可选地，所述光栅调节装置还包括沿所述第一方向排布的多个光栅单元，所述光栅单元包括多个所述第一子电极和多个所述第二子电极、且被配置为在所述光栅调节装置加电的情况下，所述光栅单元能够形成透光单元和遮光单元；所述光栅调节装置还包括多条第一驱动线和多条第二驱动线；各所述第一子电极与不同的所述第一驱动线电连接，各所述第二子电极与不同的所述第二驱动线电连接。
可选地，所述光栅调节装置还包括至少一个驱动单元；所述第一驱动线和所述第二驱动线至少与一个所述驱动单元电连接。
另一方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种3D显示装置，包括显示面板和上述的光栅调节装置；所述光栅调节装置与所述显示面板相对设置。
可选地，所述3D显示装置还包括眼球追踪模块，所述眼球追踪模块被配置为获取观看距离。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或相关技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种3D显示装置的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的又一种3D显示装置的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种光栅单元的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种实现3D显示的原理图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种相关技术中TN型3D显示装置的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种3D显示装置的产品效果图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种相关技术中TN型光栅调节装置的水平方向L0亮度变化图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种相关技术中TN型光栅调节装置的全视角CR图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种ADS型光栅调节装置的水平方向L0亮度变化图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种ADS型光栅调节装置的全视角CR图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的第一种第一子电极层和第二子电极层的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的第二种第一子电极层和第二子电极层的结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的第三种第一子电极层和第二子电极层的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的第四种第一子电极层和第二子电极层的结构示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的第五种第一子电极层和第二子电极层的结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的第六种第一子电极层和第二子电极层的结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的第七种第一子电极层和第二子电极层的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的再一种3D显示装置的结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种光栅调节装置的结构示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的一种电场原理图；
图21为本申请实施例提供的一种显示面板的BM与光栅调节装置的遮光单元中心线重合的结构示意图。
具体实施例
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在图中，为了清晰，可能夸大了区域和层的厚度。在图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略它们的详细描述。此外，附图仅为本申请的示意性图解，并非一定是按比例绘制。
在本申请的实施例中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上；术语“上”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的结构或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
除非上下文另有要求，否则，在整个说明书和权利要求书中，术语“包括”被解释为开放、包含的意思，即为“包含，但不限于”。在说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例性实施例”、“示例”、“特定示例”或“一些示例”等旨在表明与该实施例或示例相关的特定特征、结构、材料或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。上述术语的示 意性表示不一定是指同一实施例或示例。此外，所述的特定特征、结构、材料或特点可以以任何适当方式包括在任何一个或多个实施例或示例中。
在本申请的实施例中，采用“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分，仅为了清楚描述本申请实施例的技术方案，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。
本申请的实施例提供了一种光栅调节装置，应用于3D显示装置。参考图1和图2所示，3D显示装置包括显示面板200，显示面板200包括第一偏振单元12，光栅调节装置100设置在显示面板200远离第一偏振单元12的一侧；光栅调节装置100包括：
第一衬底1和第二衬底2，第一衬底1和第二衬底2相对设置。
第二偏振单元11，设置在第二衬底2远离第一衬底1的一侧。
第三偏振单元16，设置在第一衬底1远离第二衬底2的一侧。
第一偏振单元12的吸收轴与第二偏振单元11的吸收轴垂直、且第二偏振单元11的吸收轴与第三偏振单元16的吸收轴垂直。
上述光栅调节装置可以包括液晶光栅调节装置，其类型可以是ADS(Advanced Super Dimension Switch，高级超维场转换)型、IPS(In Plane Switching，平面转换)型、TN(Twisted Nematic，扭曲向列)型等类型的液晶光栅调节装置。在光栅调节装置为ADS或IPS型液晶光栅调节装置的情况下，可以通过改变位于ADS或IPS型液晶光栅调节装置中位于同一侧的电极一侧的液晶层的液晶分子的扭转情况，以改变光线经过光栅调节装置后的出光量，从而形成透光单元和遮光单元。在光栅调节装置为TN型液晶光栅调节装置的情况下，可以通过改变位于TN型液晶光栅调节装置中上、下电极之间的液晶层的液晶分子的扭转情况，以改变光线经过光栅调节装置后的出光量，从而形成透光单元和遮光单元。
上述显示面板可以是LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示面板)，这里对显示面板的具体类型不做限定。
上述光栅调节装置应用于3D显示装置中，参考图1和图2所示，3D显示装置包括显示面板200和光栅调节装置100，光栅调节装置100与显示面板200相对设置。光栅调节装置可以设置在显示面板的出光侧，此时，该光栅调节装置可称为前置光栅，光栅调节装置与显示面板共用第三偏振单元；或者，如图1和图2所示，光栅调节装置100可以设置在显示面板200的背 光侧，此时，该光栅调节装置100可称为后置光栅，光栅调节装置100与显示面板200共用第二偏振单元11，这里不做限定。
上述第一偏振单元、第二偏振单元、第三偏振单元的的材料、类型等均不做具体限定。示例的，第一偏振单元、第二偏振单元、第三偏振单元的材料可以均包括PVA(聚乙烯醇)、PVC(聚氯乙烯)；第一偏振单元、第二偏振单元、第三偏振单元的类型可以均包括线偏光片、光栅。
这里对于第一衬底和第二衬底的材料均不做具体限定。示例的，第一衬底和第二衬底的材料均可以包括玻璃、PI(聚酰亚胺)。
上述第一偏振单元的吸收轴与第二偏振单元的吸收轴垂直、且第二偏振单元的吸收轴与第三偏振单元的吸收轴垂直。这里对于各偏振单元的吸收轴的具体角度不做限定，示例的，第一偏振单元的吸收轴与显示面板的夹角可以为45°/135°、0°/90°，此时第二偏振单元的吸收轴与第二衬底的夹角可以为135°/45°、90°/0°，那么第三偏振单元的吸收轴与第一衬底的夹角可以为45°/135°、0°/90°，从而使得第一偏振单元的吸收轴角度与第二偏振单元的吸收轴角度匹配、且第二偏振单元的吸收轴角度与第三偏振单元的吸收轴角度匹配。
参考图3所示，光栅调节装置包括沿第一方向(图3所示的OA方向)排布的多个光栅单元，在光栅调节装置加电的情况下，上述光栅单元20能够形成透光单元21和遮光单元22，透光单元可以透过光线(相当于光栅单元的开口)，遮光单元不能透光；多个光栅单元配合，最终形成具有多个开口的光栅。光栅单元的开口率为透光单元的面积/(透光单元的面积+遮光单元的面积)。
下面以光栅调节装置设置在显示面板的背光侧为例，说明实现3D显示的原理。参考图4所示，用户的左眼和右眼位置分别标记为视点1和视点2(即视点数n为2)，两眼之间的距离为瞳孔间距L，初始观看距离(即眼睛与显示面板之间的距离)标记为S，显示面板200与光栅调节装置100之间的距离为放置高度h，显示面板200中单一像素单元沿第一方向(OA方向)的宽度为P，光栅调节装置100中光栅单元20沿第一方向(OA方向)的宽度为C(又称为Pitch C)，其中透光单元21沿第一方向(OA方向)的宽度为a，遮光单元22沿第一方向(OA方向)的宽度为C-a。需要说明的是，显示面板包括阵列排布的多个像素单元，像素单元可以包括多个子像素，例如：红色(R)子像素、绿色(G)子像素或者蓝色(B)子像素。
图4中，通过控制光栅单元的开口尺寸和开口位置，从而使得视点1观看显示面板的第一显示区A1时，对应透光单元21，而视点2观看显示面板的第一显示区A1时，对应遮光单元22，即在同一观察时刻，视点1能够看到第一显示区A1，而视点2无法看到第一显示区A1。同理，还可以通过控制光栅单元的开口尺寸和开口位置，使得在同一观察时刻，视点2能够看到第二显示区A2，而视点1无法看到第二显示区A2。这样，视点1看到的第一显示区A1的图像与视点2看到的第二显示区A2的图像可以产生视差，从而形成立体视觉，实现3D显示。
参考图4所示，根据三角形的几何关系可以得到：
h/(h+S)＝P/L        (1)
C/nP＝(S+h)/S        (2)
a/P＝(S+h)/S        (3)
通过公式(1)、(2)、(3)，可以得到C＝nPL/(L-P)(4)、h＝SP/(L-P)(5)、a/C＝1/n(6)，视点数n可以取2，光栅调节装置中光栅单元沿第一方向的宽度C和放置高度h可以分别参考公式(4)和(5)确定。公式(6)中，视点数n取2时，光栅单元中，透光单元沿第一方向的宽度与遮光单元沿第一方向的宽度相同。
相关技术在3D显示装置实际应用中，通常使用的是TN型光栅调节装置，如图5所示。但是目前实际的TN型光栅调节装置产出后，测试发现常存在如图6虚线框所示的3D重影问题。参考图6所示，当用户在最佳视点位置时，左眼视图正常，右眼视图虚线框处出现重影，而当人眼左右移动时，偏转角度越大，重影问题越严重。
结合图4分析上述不良。参考图4所示，正常观看3D显示装置时，通过光栅调节装置控制透光单元21透光、遮光单元22不透光，使左眼和右眼分别只能看到有一定视差的左、右视图，从而产生3D效果。但是，若图4中光栅调节装置的遮光单元22不够黑，有漏光，则会使得右眼除了看到其本身看到的视图外，还能看到一定亮度的左眼视图，从而发生重影问题。也即相关技术中的TN电子光栅技术，由于TN型光栅调节装置大视角漏光严重，使得用户在大视角观看3D显示装置时会出现严重的重影问题，导致用户有恶心眩晕等不良感觉。
下面对TN型光栅调节装置进行光学测试。图7为TN型光栅调节装置 在-45°到0°、0°到45°水平视角下的L0亮度变化图；图8为TN型光栅调节装置的全视角CR图。参考图7所示，水平视角从0°到-45°、以及从0°到45°下的L0亮度均急剧增加，表明图4中的黑条不够黑，有光透过，导致发生重影问题。同时参考图8所示，图8中TN型光栅调节装置在10°、20°和30°水平视角下的全视角中，视角好的方向均为斜45°方向。这是因为常规TN型光栅调节装置的上偏光片的吸收轴和下偏光片的吸收轴方向为45°/135°，此时最佳视角在水平方向上；但是当将TN型光栅调节装置与显示面板贴合在一起形成图5所示的3D显示装置时，TN型光栅调节装置100与显示面板200共用第二偏振单元11，此时由于相关技术常用的显示面板200为ADS型显示面板，ADS型显示面板的上偏光片的吸收轴和下偏光片的吸收轴方向为0°/90°，这与45°/135°不匹配，导致最佳视角方向从水平方向变成斜45°方向，进而导致3D图像出现重影问题，大大降低了用户的体验效果，严重制约了3D显示装置的推广。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供的3D显示装置中，通过设置第一偏振单元的吸收轴与第二偏振单元的吸收轴垂直、且第二偏振单元的吸收轴与第三偏振单元的吸收轴垂直，例如当第一偏振单元的吸收轴方向为0°时，第二偏振单元的吸收轴方向为90°，此时光栅调节装置中第三偏振单元的吸收轴方向为0°，也即显示面板为ADS型显示面板、且光栅调节装置为ADS型光栅调节装置，这样使得显示面板的吸收轴方向与光栅调节装置的吸收轴方向匹配，光栅调节装置的水平视角与显示面板的水平视角均较好，从而大大减小甚至消除了3D显示装置的重影问题，用户体验佳。图9为ADS型光栅调节装置在-45°到0°、0°到45°水平视角下的L0亮度变化图；图10为ADS型光栅调节装置的全视角CR图。参考图9所示，水平视角从0°到-45°、以及从0°到45°下的L0亮度均缓慢下降，表明图4中的黑条够黑，几乎不存在重影问题。同时参考图10所示，ADS型光栅调节装置在10-60°水平视角下的全视角中，每个角度视角好的方向均为水平方向。
可选地，参考图1和图2所示，光栅调节装置100还包括电极层3，电极层3设置在第一衬底1远离第三偏振单元16的一侧。
参考图11-17所示，第三偏振单元的吸收轴与电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ满足：0°＜θ＜180°、且θ≠90°。由于偏振单元的吸收轴方向与3D显示装置中配向层的配向方向(rubbing方向)一致，从而使得具有初始配向的液晶能够在加电后进行偏转，实现较好的3D显示效果，且尽 量减少甚至消除3D显示装置的重影问题。
这里对于上述电极层的材料、结构等均不做具体限定。示例的，为了提高光栅调节装置的出光量，电极层的材料可以包括透明导电材料，例如：ITO(Indium Tin Oxide，氧化铟锡)。示例的，上述电极层可以包括单层结构；或者，上述电极层可以包括多层结构，电极层的具体结构可以根据光栅调节装置的类型进行确定。
这里对于上述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ的具体数值不做限定。示例的，上述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ可以为5°、20°、35°、56°、85°等等。
可选地，参考图11所示，电极层3的延伸方向与第一衬底平行。从而可以通过设置第三偏振单元的吸收轴方向与电极层的延伸方向具有夹角θ，以实现对液晶的初始配向，并尽量减少甚至消除3D显示装置的重影问题。
需要说明的是，图11以电极层3包括图1所示的第一电极层31和第二电极层32为例进行绘示，此时第二电极层32整面设置，第一电极层31中所有的第一子电极311沿与第一衬底平行的方向设置为例进行绘示。当然也可以是电极层3包括图2所示的第一电极层31和第二电极层32，此时第二电极层包括多个分立的狭缝电极321。
或者，参考图12-17所示，第三偏振单元的吸收轴L1与第一衬底平行。从而可以通过设置电极层的延伸方向与第三偏振单元的吸收轴方向具有夹角θ，以实现对液晶的初始配向，并尽量减少甚至消除3D显示装置的重影问题。
可选地，参考图12和图13所示，在第三偏振单元的吸收轴L1与第一衬底平行的情况下，电极层3沿同一方向延伸。此时便于制作电极层，简单易实现。
图12以电极层3包括图1所示的第一电极层31和第二电极层32，此时第二电极层32整面设置，第一电极层31中所有的第一子电极311均沿同一方向(图12中示出的与第三偏振单元的吸收轴L1呈θ角的方向)延伸。
图13以电极层3包括图2所示的第一电极层31和第二电极层32，此时第二电极层32包括多个分立的狭缝电极321，第一电极层31中所有的第一子电极311和第二电极层32中所有的第二子电极321均沿同 一方向(图12中示出的与第三偏振单元的吸收轴L1呈θ角的方向)延伸。
可选地，参考图14-17所示，在第三偏振单元的吸收轴L1与第一衬底平行的情况下，电极层3包括多个电极部33，相邻电极部33电连接；电极部33包括第一子电极部331和第二子电极部332，第一子电极部331与第二子电极部332电连接、且第一子电极部331的延伸方向与第二子电极部332的延伸方向不同。从而使得电极层能够占据更小的空间，实现3D显示装置的小型化。
这里对于上述电极部的形状不做具体限定。示例的，上述电极部在第一衬底上的正投影的形状可以为矩形、菱形等。
这里对于上述相邻电极部电连接的具体方式不做限定。示例的，上述相邻电极部可以直接接触；或者，上述相邻电极部可以通过其它结构电连接。
这里对于上述第一子电极部和第二子电极部不做具体限定。示例的，第一子电极部和第二子电极部的形状、面积等可以均相同；或者，第一子电极部和第二子电极部的形状、面积等可以均不同。
这里对于上述第一子电极部与第二子电极部电连接的具体方式不做限定。示例的，上述第一子电极部与第二子电极部可以直接接触；或者，上述第一子电极部与第二子电极部可以通过其它结构电连接。
可选地，参考图14和图15所示，相邻电极部33直接接触、且第一子电极部331与第二子电极部332直接接触。
或者，参考图16和图17所示，电极层还包括转角部34，相邻电极部33通过转角部34相连、且第一子电极部331与第二子电极部332通过转角部34相连。
这里对于上述转角部的材料、形状等均不做具体限定。示例的，上述转角部的材料可以包括金属等，具体可以根据电极层的材料确定。示例的，上述转角部的在第一衬底上的正投影的形状可以包括直线、弧线等。
需要说明的是，图15中e表示各电极部沿第二方向(图3所示的OB方向)的宽度，根据实际工艺能力，该e值范围可以为几十微米到几百微米。
可选地，参考图1所示，电极层3包括第一子电极层31和第二子电 极层32，第二子电极层32设置在第一子电极层31与第一衬底1之间，第一子电极层31包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极311，第二子电极层32整面设置。
参考图11-13所示，所有第一子电极沿同一方向延伸。从而可以通过设置第一子电极的延伸方向与第三偏振单元的吸收轴方向具有夹角θ，以实现对液晶的初始配向，并尽量减少甚至消除3D显示装置的重影问题。
这里对于上述所有第一子电极的延伸方向不做具体限定。示例的，参考图11所示，上述所有第一子电极的延伸方向与第一衬底平行；或者，参考图12和图13所示，第三偏振单元的吸收轴L1与第一衬底平行，上述所有第一子电极的延伸方向与第三偏振单元的吸收轴L1具有夹角θ。
可选地，参考图1所示，电极层3包括第一子电极层31和第二子电极层32，第二子电极层32设置在第一子电极层31与第一衬底1之间，第一子电极层31包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极311，第二子电极层32整面设置。
参考图14和图16所示，各第一子电极311包括多个电极部。从而使得第一子电极能够占据更小的空间，实现3D显示装置的小型化。
可选地，参考图2所示，电极层3包括第一子电极层31和第二子电极层32，第二子电极层32设置在第一子电极层31与第一衬底1之间，第一子电极层31包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极311，第二子电极层32包括沿第一方向排布的多个第二子电极321，第一子电极311在第一衬底1上的正投影与第二子电极321在第一衬底1上的正投影交替设置。
参考图13所示，所有第一子电极311和所有第二子电极321均沿同一方向延伸。从而使得第一子电极和第二子电极均易于制作，简单易实现。
可选地，参考图2所示，电极层3包括第一子电极层31和第二子电极层32，第二子电极层32设置在第一子电极层31与第一衬底1之间，第一子电极层31包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极311，第二子电极层32包括沿第一方向排布的多个第二子电极321，第一子电极311在第一衬底1上的正投影与第二子电极321在第一衬底1上的正投影交替设置。
参考图15和图17所示，各第一子电极和各第二子电极均包括多个电极部。从而使得第一子电极和第二子电极能够占据更小的空间，实现3D显示装置的小型化。
可选地，参考图18所示，电极层3包括第三子电极层，第三子电 极层设置在第一衬底1远离第三偏振单元16的一侧，第三子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第三子电极351和多个第四子电极352，第三子电极351和第四子电极352交替且间隔设置。
所有第三子电极和第四子电极均沿同一方向延伸。从而使得第三子电极和第四子电极易于制作，简单易实现。
可选地，参考图18所示，电极层3包括第三子电极层，第三子电极层设置在第一衬底1远离第三偏振单元16的一侧，第三子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第三子电极351和多个第四子电极352，第三子电极351和第四子电极352交替且间隔设置。
参考图15和图17所示，各第三子电极和各第四子电极均包括多个电极部。从而使得第三子电极和第四子电极能够占据更小的空间，实现3D显示装置的小型化。
可选地，第二偏振单元的吸收轴与第二衬底的夹角为0°、且第三偏振单元的吸收轴与第一衬底的夹角为90°；或者，第二偏振单元的吸收轴与第二衬底的夹角为90°、且第三偏振单元的吸收轴与第一衬底的夹角为0°。从而使得显示面板为ADS型显示面板、且光栅调节装置为ADS型光栅调节装置，能够更好的减小甚至消除重影，提升用户体验。
可选地，第三偏振单元的吸收轴与电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ满足：5-85°。
这里对于上述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ的具体数值不做限定。示例的，上述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ可以为5°、15°、36°、53°、70°或者85°等等。
现以图2所示的第一子电极层31包括多个第一子电极311、以及第二子电极层32包括多个第二子电极321为例，说明如何控制光栅调节装置。可选地，结合图2和图3所示，光栅调节装置100还包括沿第一方向排布的多个光栅单元20，光栅单元20包括多个第一子电极311和多个第二子电极321、且被配置为在光栅调节装置100加电的情况下，光栅单元20能够形成透光单元21和遮光单元22。
参考图19所示，光栅调节装置还包括多条第一驱动线41和多条第二驱动线42；各第一子电极311与不同的第一驱动线41电连接，各第二子电极321与不同的第二驱动线42电连接。
裸眼3D技术主要分为两大类：重现双目视差技术和原始光场技术。 其中，重现双目视差技术的主要原理为：使用户的左眼和右眼分别接收有视差的两种图像，两种图像在用户大脑中合成3D图像。基于此，可以通过在显示面板上做一些处理，将存在视差的图像分别映射到用户的左眼和右眼，从而产生3D图像。电子光栅是其中一种重现双目视差裸眼3D技术，例如参考图1和图2所示，该技术采用2D显示面板搭配ADS型液晶光栅调节装置实现3D效果，其中，ADS型液晶光栅调节装置采用双层电极(即第一子电极层和第二子电极层)，通过第一子电极层和第二子电极层之间产生电场驱动液晶偏转，以控制不同区域透光或者不透光，如图20所示(此时当施加于第一子电极311和第二子电极312上的电压一致时，第一子电极311和第二子电极312不产生电场，区域不透光；当施加于第一子电极311和第二子电极312上的电压不一致时，第一子电极311和第二子电极312产生电场，区域透光)，从而实现用户左眼和右眼分别接收不同图像，实现3D显示效果。或者，如图18所示，该技术采用2D显示面板搭配IPS型液晶光栅调节装置实现3D效果，其中，IPS型液晶光栅调节装置采用单层电极(即第三子电极层和第四子电极层)，通过第三子电极层和第四子电极层之间产生电场驱动液晶偏转，以控制不同区域透光或者不透光，从而实现用户左眼和右眼分别接收不同图像，实现3D显示效果。
在此基础上，参考图21所示，在用户视点处于初始观看距离(最佳观看距离)时，显示面板上黑矩阵(BM)的中心与TN型液晶光栅调节装置的遮光单元的中心重合。其中，L为遮光单元和BM的中心线。
上述第一子电极在第一衬底上的正投影与第二子电极在第一衬底上的正投影交替设置，第一子电极在第一衬底上的正投影与第二子电极在第一衬底上的正投影可以部分交叠，或者不交叠，这里不做限定。由于相关工艺的限制，第一子电极的边界与第二子电极的边界沿垂直于第一衬底方向存在部分交叠，则第一子电极在第一衬底上的正投影与第二子电极在第一衬底上的正投影部分交叠。
以图2所示结构为例进行说明，第一子电极311中与第二子电极321沿垂直于第一衬底1方向交叠的部分为无效电极，被第二子电极321屏蔽，对液晶不起作用；第一子电极311中与第二子电极321沿垂直于第一衬底1方向不交叠的部分为有效电极，能够控制液晶旋转，第一子电极311相比第二子电极321靠近液晶层，不会受到第二子电极321的影响，因此， 第一子电极的全部均为有效电极，能够控制液晶旋转。图2中，为了避免第一子电极311和第二子电极321相互影响，该光栅调节装置还可以包括绝缘层18。
第一子电极和第二子电极的形状不做限定，示例的，第一子电极和第二子电极的形状可以包括如图19所示的条状，其横截面的形状可以包括长方形、正方形、正梯形或者倒梯形等等。图1、图2和图18均以第一子电极和第二子电极的横截面为长方形为例进行绘示。
可选地，光栅调节装置还包括至少一个驱动单元；第一驱动线和第二驱动线至少与一个驱动单元电连接。
这里对于驱动单元的具体数量不做限定，示例的，可以如图19所示包括一个驱动单元5，或者，可以包括多个驱动单元。该驱动单元可以包括驱动芯片(IC)，该驱动芯片可以与第一驱动线和第二驱动线直接相连，从而提供驱动电压信号。参考图1和图2所示，光栅调节装置还包括FPC(Flexible Printed Circuit，柔性印刷电路板)6，驱动单元5可以绑定在FPC6上。
上述各组第一驱动线可以如图19所示均与一个驱动单元电连接，或者，各组第一驱动线可以分成两部分，一部分与一个驱动单元电连接，另一部分与另一个驱动单元电连接，这里不做限定。同理，上述各组第二驱动线可以如图19所示均与一个驱动单元电连接，或者，各组第二驱动线可以分成两部分，一部分与一个驱动单元电连接，另一部分与另一个驱动单元电连接，这里不做限定。
可选地，参考图19所示，光栅调节装置还包括光栅区G1、以及与光栅区G1相连的非光栅区G2；第一电极层(包括第一子电极311)和第二电极层(包括第二子电极321)设置在光栅区G1，多条第一驱动线41和多条第二驱动线42设置在非光栅区G2。
当然，上述第一驱动线和第二驱动线也可以设置在光栅区；但是若第一驱动线和第二驱动线设置在光栅区，有可能会形成亮度摩尔纹，从而影响光栅单元，因此，可以选择第一驱动线和第二驱动线设置在非光栅区。
为了减少走线设置，简化工艺，第一子电极的一端延伸至非光栅区、且与对应的第一驱动线相连；第二子电极的一端延伸至非光栅区、且与对 应的第二驱动线相连，这样无需额外设置引线，即可实现第一子电极和第一驱动线电连接，第二子电极和第二驱动线电连接，简单易实现。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种3D显示装置，参考图1、图2和图18所示，包括：显示面板200和上述的光栅调节装置100；光栅调节装置100与显示面板200相对设置。
光栅调节装置可以设置在显示面板的出光侧，此时，该光栅调节装置可称为前置光栅；或者，如图1、图2和图18所示，光栅调节装置100可以设置在显示面板200的背光侧，此时，该光栅调节装置可称为后置光栅，这里不做限定。
该显示面板的类型不做限定，其类型可以是ADS型、IPS型等液晶显示面板，这里不做限定。另外，若该显示面板为液晶显示面板，则该3D显示装置还可以包括背光模组，以提供背光。在光栅调节装置设置在显示面板的背光侧的情况下，该背光模组可以设置在光栅调节装置的背光侧。当然，在光栅调节装置设置在显示面板的出光侧的情况下，该背光模组可以设置在显示面板的背光侧。
该3D显示装置能够大幅减小甚至消除重影问题，从而大幅提高用户体验和产品品质。
可选地，为了实时追踪眼球的移动情况，3D显示装置包括眼球追踪模块，眼球追踪模块被配置为获取观看距离。
上述眼球追踪模块可以包括摄像头，光栅调节装置可以根据眼球追踪模块的拍摄信息，并根据相关眼球追踪技术，从而解析出眼球位置等信息，从而根据眼球位置等信息获取观看距离，并实时调整光栅单元，从而尽可能地匹配用户视点位置，进而大幅减小甚至消除重影问题，提高用户体验和产品品质。
使用光栅调节装置形成3D显示装置，其优点在于能够实现2D显示和3D显示之间的自由切换，且在2D显示时，光栅调节装置关闭，对2D显示透过率影响较小。
可选地，显示面板包括触控显示面板，如图1、图2和图18所示，光栅调节装置100设置在显示面板200的背光侧；这样可以避免光栅调节装置对于触控效果的影响，从而提升触控品质。
该触控显示面板可以采用TDDI(触控和显示集成)触控技术，这里对于触控结构不做限定，具体可以根据相关技术获得。
可选地，为了实现3D显示效果，参考图1、图2和图18所示，光栅调节装置100包括光栅区G1、以及与光栅区G1相连的非光栅区G2；显示面板200包括显示区AA、以及与显示区AA相连的非显示区BB；其中，显示区AA覆盖光栅区G1，非显示区BB覆盖非光栅区G2。
上述显示面板的显示区用于设置像素，以实现显示；非显示区用于设置驱动电路等。
可选地，为了简化工艺，参考图1和图2所示，光栅调节装置100包括相对设置的第一衬底1和第二衬底2，显示面板200包括相对设置的第三衬底9和第四衬底10；第二衬底2与第三衬底贴合，示例的，可以采用图1和图2所示的双面胶带13贴合。
当然，如图1和图2所示，上述显示面板还可以包括彩膜层17、第一封框胶15、驱动芯片7和电路板8等结构；光栅调节装置还可以包括第二封框胶14、绝缘层18等结构。这里仅介绍与发明点相关的内容，其余结构可以参考相关技术获得。
在此处所提供的说明书中，说明了大量具体细节。然而，能够理解，本申请的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下被实践。在一些实例中，并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术，以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种光栅调节装置，其中，应用于3D显示装置，所述3D显示装置包括显示面板，所述显示面板包括第一偏振单元，所述光栅调节装置设置在所述显示面板远离所述第一偏振单元的一侧，所述光栅调节装置包括：
    第一衬底和第二衬底，所述第一衬底和所述第二衬底相对设置；
    第二偏振单元，设置在所述第二衬底远离所述第一衬底的一侧；
    第三偏振单元，设置在所述第一衬底远离所述第二衬底的一侧；
    所述第一偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第二偏振单元的吸收轴垂直、且所述第二偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴垂直。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述光栅调节装置还包括电极层，所述电极层设置在所述第一衬底远离所述第三偏振单元的一侧；
    所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ满足：0°＜θ＜180°、且θ≠90°。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述电极层的延伸方向与所述第一衬底平行；
    或者，所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底平行。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述在所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底平行的情况下，所述电极层沿同一方向延伸。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述在所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底平行的情况下，所述电极层包括多个电极部，相邻所述电极部电连接；
    所述电极部包括第一子电极部和第二子电极部，所述第一子电极部与所述第二子电极部电连接、且所述第一子电极部的延伸方向与所述第二子电极部的延伸方向不同。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光栅调节装置，其中，相邻所述电极部直接接触、且所述第一子电极部与所述第二子电极部直接接触；
    或者，所述电极层还包括转角部，相邻所述电极部通过所述转角部相连、且所述第一子电极部与所述第二子电极部通过所述转角部相连。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述电极层包括 第一子电极层和第二子电极层，所述第二子电极层设置在所述第一子电极层与所述第一衬底之间，所述第一子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极，所述第二子电极层整面设置；
    所有所述第一子电极沿所述同一方向延伸。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述电极层包括第一子电极层和第二子电极层，所述第二子电极层设置在所述第一子电极层与所述第一衬底之间，所述第一子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极，所述第二子电极层整面设置；
    各所述第一子电极包括多个所述电极部。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述电极层包括第一子电极层和第二子电极层，所述第二子电极层设置在所述第一子电极层与所述第一衬底之间，所述第一子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极，所述第二子电极层包括沿所述第一方向排布的多个第二子电极，所述第一子电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影与所述第二子电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影交替设置；
    所有所述第一子电极和所有所述第二子电极均沿所述同一方向延伸。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述电极层包括第一子电极层和第二子电极层，所述第二子电极层设置在所述第一子电极层与所述第一衬底之间，所述第一子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第一子电极，所述第二子电极层包括沿所述第一方向排布的多个第二子电极，所述第一子电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影与所述第二子电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影交替设置；
    各所述第一子电极和各所述第二子电极均包括多个所述电极部。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述电极层包括第三子电极层，所述第三子电极层设置在所述第一衬底远离所述第三偏振单元的一侧，所述第三子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第三子电极和多个第四子电极，所述第三子电极和所述第四子电极交替且间隔设置；
    所有所述第三子电极和所述第四子电极均沿所述同一方向延伸。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述电极层包括第三子电极层，所述第三子电极层设置在所述第一衬底远离所述第三偏振单元的一侧，所述第三子电极层包括沿第一方向排布的多个第三子电极和多个第四子电极，所述第三子电极和所述第四子电极交替且间隔设置；
    各所述第三子电极和各所述第四子电极均包括多个所述电极部。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述第二偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第二衬底的夹角为0°、且所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底的夹角为90°；
    或者，所述第二偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第二衬底的夹角为90°、且所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述第一衬底的夹角为0°。
  14. 根据权利要求3所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述第三偏振单元的吸收轴与所述电极层的延伸方向的夹角θ满足：5-85°。
  15. 根据权利要求9或10所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述光栅调节装置还包括沿所述第一方向排布的多个光栅单元，所述光栅单元包括多个所述第一子电极和多个所述第二子电极、且被配置为在所述光栅调节装置加电的情况下，所述光栅单元能够形成透光单元和遮光单元；所述光栅调节装置还包括多条第一驱动线和多条第二驱动线；各所述第一子电极与不同的所述第一驱动线电连接，各所述第二子电极与不同的所述第二驱动线电连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的光栅调节装置，其中，所述光栅调节装置还包括至少一个驱动单元；所述第一驱动线和所述第二驱动线至少与一个所述驱动单元电连接。
  17. 一种3D显示装置，包括显示面板和权利要求1-16任一项所述的光栅调节装置；所述光栅调节装置与所述显示面板相对设置。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的3D显示装置，其特征在于，所述3D显示装置还包括眼球追踪模块，所述眼球追踪模块被配置为获取观看距离。
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