WO2024009978A1 - 複合粉末、正極合材及びアルカリ金属イオン電池 - Google Patents

複合粉末、正極合材及びアルカリ金属イオン電池 Download PDF

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WO2024009978A1
WO2024009978A1 PCT/JP2023/024704 JP2023024704W WO2024009978A1 WO 2024009978 A1 WO2024009978 A1 WO 2024009978A1 JP 2023024704 W JP2023024704 W JP 2023024704W WO 2024009978 A1 WO2024009978 A1 WO 2024009978A1
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composite powder
lithium
heat
alkali metal
metal ion
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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雄太 藤井
弘幸 樋口
悠 石原
大和 羽二生
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202380047143.5A priority Critical patent/CN119384731A/zh
Priority to US18/878,851 priority patent/US20250385261A1/en
Priority to EP23835510.1A priority patent/EP4553924A1/en
Priority to KR1020247040750A priority patent/KR20250029040A/ko
Priority to JP2024532140A priority patent/JPWO2024009978A1/ja
Publication of WO2024009978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024009978A1/ja
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/14—Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds of phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0562—Solid materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • H01M4/5815—Sulfides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12—Surface area
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/14—Pore volume
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite powder, a positive electrode mixture, and an alkali metal ion battery containing the composite powder.
  • Alkaline metal ion batteries such as lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries are desired to have excellent battery capacity under high current density.
  • battery capacity since the theoretical capacity is large, a method of using sulfur in the positive electrode is being considered (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). However, since sulfur has low electronic conductivity, when sulfur is used in the positive electrode, it is necessary to ensure electronic conductivity by some method.
  • Patent No. 5856979 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2021-68663 JP2015-79622A JP2020-161288A
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a composite powder that can improve the discharge capacity (rate characteristics) of an alkali metal ion battery under high current density.
  • the following composite powder etc. are provided.
  • a carbon material having pores, and a first heat-impregnating material and a second heat-impregnating material existing in the pores The first heat-impregnating material contains an alkali metal ion conductive material or a precursor thereof containing one or more elements selected from lithium, boron, oxygen, phosphorus, halogen, and antimony,
  • the composite powder according to 1, wherein the first heat-impregnating material has a melting point of 130 to 950°C. 3. 3.
  • the first heat-impregnating material includes diphosphorus pentasulfide, red phosphorus, boron sulfide, lithium sulfide, lithium polysulfide (Li 2 S n , where n satisfies 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 8), lithium halide, and hydrogenation.
  • a positive electrode mixture comprising the composite powder according to any one of 1 to 6 and a solid electrolyte.
  • An alkali metal ion battery comprising the composite powder according to any one of 1 to 6.
  • a method for producing a composite powder comprising carrying out the following steps (1) and (2) simultaneously or separately.
  • Step (1) A carbon material having pores and an alkali metal ion conductive material or its precursor containing one or more elements selected from lithium, boron, oxygen, phosphorus, halogen, and antimony are heated to a temperature above the melting point.
  • Step (2) Step 10 of heating the carbon material and elemental sulfur at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of elemental sulfur. 10. The manufacturing method according to 9, wherein the alkali metal ion conductive material or its precursor has a melting point of 130 to 950°C. 11. 11. The manufacturing method according to 9 or 10, wherein the step (2) is performed after the step (1).
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the rate characteristics of batteries manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing cycle characteristics of batteries manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. This is a charge/discharge curve of the second cycle (current density: discharge: 0.187 mAcm ⁇ 2 , charge: 0.187 mAcm ⁇ 2 ) of the batteries produced in Examples 2 to 4. This is a charge/discharge curve of the 8th cycle (current density: discharge: 7.46 mAcm ⁇ 2 , charge: 0.373 mAcm ⁇ 2 ) of the batteries produced in Examples 2 to 4.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the rate characteristics of batteries produced in Examples 2 to 4.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the cycle characteristics of batteries produced in Examples 2 to 4.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the rate characteristics of the battery produced in Example 5.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the cycle characteristics of the battery produced in Example 5.
  • FIG. SEM image and EDX mapping (carbon element (C) and bromine element (Br)) of a cross section of composite powder K.
  • SEM image and EDX mapping (carbon element (C) and phosphorus element (P)) of a cross section of composite powder M.
  • a composite powder according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a carbon material having pores, a first heat-impregnating material and a second heat-impregnating material existing in the pores, and the first heat-impregnating material contains an alkali metal ion conductive material or a precursor thereof containing one or more elements selected from lithium, boron, oxygen, phosphorus, halogen, and antimony, and the second heat-impregnated material contains elemental sulfur.
  • the first heat-impregnating material and the second heat-impregnating material which have been made into a melt by heating, are permeated into the pores of the carbon material and filled into the pores.
  • the thermal impregnating material is melted and impregnated into the pores without using a solvent or diluting the thermal impregnating material.
  • the first heat-impregnating material and the second heat-impregnating material can be sufficiently contained in the pores, and the rate characteristics are improved.
  • an impregnation method has been disclosed in which an alkali metal ion conductive material such as a solid electrolyte is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, which is filled into the pores of a carbon material, and then the alkali metal ion conductive material is precipitated.
  • an alkali metal ion conductive material such as a solid electrolyte
  • Patent Document 4 Since this impregnation method uses a solvent, the impregnating material is diluted, and a sufficient amount of alkali metal ion conductive material cannot be impregnated into the pores, so the rate characteristics cannot be significantly improved. It is thought that there was no such thing.
  • the solid electrolyte does not enter the pores of the sulfur-impregnated carbon material, so a conduction path for alkali metal ions cannot be formed, and the pores
  • the alkali metal ion conductivity within the sulfur is provided solely by alkali metal ion diffusion in the sulfur. As a result, it is thought that the rate characteristics could not be improved.
  • the first heat-impregnating material includes a material having alkali metal ion conductivity, or a precursor thereof, containing one or more elements selected from lithium, boron, oxygen, phosphorus, halogen, and antimony.
  • alkali metal ion conductive material containing one or more elements selected from lithium, boron, oxygen, phosphorus, halogen, and antimony refers to an alkali metal ion conductive material that maintains a solid state at 25°C in a nitrogen atmosphere and It is a material with ionic conductivity caused by ions.
  • precursor of an alkali metal ion conductive material containing one or more elements selected from lithium, boron, oxygen, phosphorus, halogen, and antimony means that when used as an active material of an alkali metal ion battery, It reacts with an alkali metal or an alkali metal ion to form a compound containing an alkali metal, and becomes the above-mentioned alkali metal ion conductive material.
  • alkali metal ion conductive material and “precursor of an alkali metal ion conductive material” are sometimes simply referred to as “alkali metal ion conductive material or its precursor.”
  • halogen includes elements such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
  • the melting point is preferably 130 to 950°C, more preferably 220 to 950°C. Further, the melting point of the first heat-impregnating material is preferably lower, such as 850°C or lower, 750°C or lower, 650°C or lower, 600°C or lower, or 550°C or lower.
  • the alkali metal ion conductive material when the alkali metal is lithium, lithium sulfide, lithium polysulfide (Li 2 S n :n satisfies 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 8), lithium halide (LiCl, LiBr, LiI, etc.) ), lithium borohydride, lithium oxide, trilithium phosphate, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, LiBF 4 , lithium tetraborate, organic lithium salt, lithium hydroxide, and the like.
  • precursors of lithium ion conductive materials include diphosphorus pentasulfide, red phosphorus, boron sulfide, diphosphorus pentoxide, boron oxide, antimony sulfide, antimony, tin sulfide, tin, germanium sulfide, bismuth sulfide, etc. It will be done. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the alkali metal is sodium, sodium polysulfide, sodium halide (NaCl, NaBr, NaI, etc.), sodium borohydride, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, NaBF 4 , sodium tetraborate, organic sodium salt, sodium hydroxide etc.
  • the precursor of the sodium ion conductive material include those similar to the precursors of the lithium ion conductive material described above. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • organic lithium salts include lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium fluorosulfonyl-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide, lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, and lithium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide.
  • Bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide lithium salts such as lithium; perfluoroalkyls such as 4,4,5,5-tetrafluoro-1,3,2-dithiazolidine-1,1,3,3-tetraoxide lithium salts
  • Lithium salts of sulfonimides lithium salts of fluorosulfonylimides; lithium carboxylates such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, lithium acetate, lithium propionate, and lithium butyrate; organic sulfones such as lithium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and lithium p-styrenesulfonate Acid lithium salts; organic phosphate lithium salts, and the like.
  • organic lithium salts it is also preferable to use these organic lithium salts together with an ion-conductive polymer or an ionic liquid, and it is expected that higher lithium conductivity will be imparted.
  • organic sodium salts include those in which the lithium ions of the above-mentioned organic lithium salts are replaced with sodium ions.
  • the first heat-impregnating material is preferably diphosphorus pentasulfide, red phosphorus, boron sulfide, lithium sulfide, lithium polysulfide (Li 2 S n , where n satisfies 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 8), lithium halide, It is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of lithium borohydride, lithium oxide, diphosphorus pentoxide, boron oxide, trilithium phosphate, and antimony sulfide.
  • diphosphorus pentasulfide or boron sulfide which is expected to react with lithium to form a sulfide solid electrolyte exhibiting high ionic conductivity, or form a solid solution with lithium sulfide, which is a discharge product of sulfur, is preferably used.
  • lithium halides are reported to be able to improve the lithium ion conductivity of lithium sulfide.
  • examples of the carbon material having pores include carbon black such as Ketjen black, acetylene black, Denka black, thermal black, channel black, and Knobel (registered trademark), graphite, and activated carbon. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the BET specific surface area of the carbon material is 50 m 2 /g or more and 6000 m 2 /g or less. Thereby, a wide contact interface between the carbon material and elemental sulfur can be formed, and the utilization rate of sulfur can be improved.
  • the BET specific surface area is preferably 70 m 2 /g or more, more preferably 100 m 2 /g or more, 1000 m 2 /g or more, or 1500 m 2 /g or more. Further, the area is preferably 5,500 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 5,000 m 2 /g or less.
  • the pore volume of the carbon material is 0.5 cm 3 /g or more and 6 cm 3 /g or less.
  • the pore volume is preferably 0.7 cm 3 /g or more, more preferably 1.0 cm 3 /g or more. Further, it is preferably 5.5 cm 3 /g or less, more preferably 5.0 cm 3 /g or less.
  • the BET specific surface area and pore volume can be determined using a nitrogen adsorption isotherm obtained by adsorbing nitrogen gas onto a carbon material under liquid nitrogen temperature.
  • the BET specific surface area can be calculated by the Brennauer-Emmet-Telle (BET) multipoint method using a nitrogen adsorption isotherm.
  • the pore volume can be determined by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method using a nitrogen adsorption isotherm.
  • a specific surface area/pore distribution measuring device Autosorb-3 manufactured by Quantacrome can be used.
  • the composite powder of this embodiment includes a carbon material having pores, a first heat-impregnating material, and a second heat-impregnating material (hereinafter, the first heat-impregnating material and the second heat-impregnating material are combined). (Sometimes it is simply called a heat-impregnated material.), and can be produced by heating at a temperature higher than the melting point of the respective heat-impregnated material. Specifically, by mixing a carbon material, a first heat-impregnating material, and a second heat-impregnating material, and heating the mixture to melt the first heat-impregnating material and the second heat-impregnating material.
  • a first heat-impregnating material and a second heat-impregnating material are impregnated into the pores of the carbon material.
  • the first heat-impregnating material and the second heat-impregnating material can be simultaneously impregnated into the carbon material.
  • the first heat-impregnating material and the second heat-impregnating material may be separately impregnated into the carbon material.
  • the carbon material may be impregnated with the first heat-impregnating material and then impregnated with the second heat-impregnating material.
  • the mixing ratio of the carbon material and the heat-impregnating material can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the materials used. Usually, the mixing ratio of the carbon material [carbon material/(carbon material + first heat-impregnating material + second heat-impregnating material): mass ratio] is 0.073 to 0.990. Within this range, the heat-impregnating material will fill the pores of the carbon material without running out. It is preferably 0.077 to 0.950, more preferably 0.081 to 0.905.
  • a mixture of the carbon material and the heat-impregnating material is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the heat-impregnating material.
  • the heating temperature is adjusted according to the heat-impregnated material used. Substances that have sublimation properties at normal pressure can be impregnated with heat under pressure.
  • the heating time is preferably 10 minutes to 24 hours.
  • a composite powder is obtained by cooling after heating. If necessary, a pulverization step may be performed after cooling.
  • Step (1) A carbon material having pores and an alkali metal ion conductive material or its precursor containing one or more elements selected from lithium, boron, oxygen, phosphorus, halogen, and antimony are heated to a temperature above the melting point.
  • Step (2) Heating the carbon material and elemental sulfur at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of elemental sulfur.
  • step (1) it is preferable that the alkali metal ion conductive material or its precursor having a melting point of 130 to 950° C. be heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point.
  • step (2) is performed after step (1).
  • the pores of the carbon material can be impregnated with a sufficient amount of the alkali metal ion conductive material or its precursor without being affected by the melt of elemental sulfur.
  • the mixing ratio of the carbon material is preferably 0.075 to 0.990. More preferably 0.078 to 0.951, still more preferably 0.082 to 0.906.
  • the mixing ratio of the carbon material is 0. 073 to 0.990.
  • the heating temperature in step (2) is higher than the melting point of elemental sulfur (about 115° C.). Preferably it is 130°C or higher, more preferably 150°C or higher.
  • the heating in step (2) may be performed in two or more stages. For example, the heating temperature in the first stage is set to be higher than the melting point of elemental sulfur and lower than the melting point of the alkali metal ion conductive material or its precursor, and the heating temperature in the second stage is set to be higher than the melting point of elemental sulfur and lower than the melting point of the alkali metal ion conductive material or its precursor. The temperature may be higher than the melting point. This facilitates impregnation of sufficient elemental sulfur and alkali metal ion conductive material or its precursor into the pores of the carbon material.
  • the composite powder of the present invention can be used as a constituent material of an alkali metal ion battery.
  • the positive electrode may be made of a positive electrode mixture containing a solid electrolyte and a composite powder.
  • An alkali metal ion battery according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the composite powder of the present invention described above. For example, by using a solid electrolyte in place of a liquid electrolyte, an all-solid alkali metal ion battery can be manufactured. By using the composite powder of the present invention, an all-solid alkali metal ion battery with good rate characteristics can be produced.
  • An all-solid lithium ion battery will be described below as an example of an all-solid alkali metal ion battery.
  • An all-solid-state lithium ion battery mainly consists of a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer, and the composite powder of the present invention is suitable as a constituent material of the positive electrode layer.
  • the negative electrode layer and the electrolyte layer can be manufactured by known methods.
  • a current collector is preferably used, and a known current collector is also used.
  • the solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, examples include sulfide solid electrolytes.
  • the sulfide solid electrolyte is a solid electrolyte that contains at least a sulfur atom and exhibits ionic conductivity due to the metal ions contained.In addition to the sulfur atom, it preferably contains a lithium atom and a phosphorus atom, and more preferably a lithium atom. It is a solid electrolyte that contains lithium atoms, phosphorus atoms, and halogen atoms, and has ionic conductivity due to lithium atoms.
  • the sulfide solid electrolyte may be an amorphous sulfide solid electrolyte or a crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte.
  • any material that contains at least a sulfur atom and exhibits ionic conductivity due to the metal ions contained can be used without any particular restriction, and representative examples include, for example: , Li 2 SP 2 S 5 - Solid electrolyte containing sulfur atoms, lithium atoms, and phosphorus atoms, composed of lithium sulfide and phosphorus sulfide; Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -LiI, Li 2 S- A solid electrolyte composed of lithium sulfide, phosphorus sulfide, and lithium halide, such as P 2 S 5 -LiCl, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -LiBr, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -LiI-LiBr; Further, solid electrolytes containing other elements such as oxygen element and silicon element, such as Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -Li 2 O-Li
  • the types of elements constituting the amorphous sulfide solid electrolyte can be confirmed using, for example, an ICP emission spectrometer.
  • the molar ratio of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 has high chemical stability and higher ionic conductivity. From the viewpoint of obtaining a high degree of strength, the ratio is preferably 65 to 85: 15 to 35, more preferably 70 to 80: 20 to 30, and even more preferably 72 to 78: 22 to 28.
  • the total content of lithium sulfide and diphosphorus pentasulfide is preferably 60 to 95 mol%, and 65 It is more preferably 90 mol%, and even more preferably 70 to 85 mol%.
  • the ratio of lithium bromide to the total of lithium bromide and lithium iodide is preferably 1 to 99 mol%, more preferably 20 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 40 to 80 mol%, and even more preferably 50 to 70 mol%. % is particularly preferred.
  • the blending ratio (molar ratio) of these atoms is 1.0 to 1.8:1.0 to 2. 0:0.1 ⁇ 0.8:0.01 ⁇ 0.6 is preferable, 1.1 ⁇ 1.7:1.2 ⁇ 1.8:0.2 ⁇ 0.6:0.05 ⁇ 0. 5 is more preferred, and 1.2-1.6: 1.3-1.7: 0.25-0.5: 0.08-0.4 is even more preferred.
  • the blending ratio (molar ratio) of lithium atoms, sulfur atoms, phosphorus atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms is 1.0-1.8:1.0- 2.0:0.1 ⁇ 0.8:0.01 ⁇ 0.3:0.01 ⁇ 0.3 is preferable, 1.1 ⁇ 1.7:1.2 ⁇ 1.8:0.2 ⁇ 0.6:0.02 ⁇ 0.25:0.02 ⁇ 0.25 is more preferable, 1.2 ⁇ 1.6:1.3 ⁇ 1.7:0.25 ⁇ 0.5:0.03 ⁇ 0.2:0.03 ⁇ 0.2 is more preferable, 1.35 ⁇ 1.45:1.4 ⁇ 1.7:0.3 ⁇ 0.45:0.04 ⁇ 0.18:0. 04 to 0.18 is more preferable.
  • the shape of the amorphous sulfide solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, particulate.
  • the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the particulate amorphous sulfide solid electrolyte can be, for example, within the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, or 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle diameter (D 50 ) is the particle diameter that reaches 50% of the total when a particle diameter distribution integration curve is drawn, and is accumulated sequentially from the smallest particle diameter
  • the volume distribution is , for example, is an average particle size that can be measured using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring device.
  • the crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte may be, for example, a so-called glass ceramic obtained by heating the above-mentioned amorphous sulfide solid electrolyte above the crystallization temperature, and a sulfide solid electrolyte having the following crystal structure: can be adopted.
  • a crystal structure that a crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte containing lithium atoms, sulfur atoms, phosphorus atoms, and halogen atoms can have, Li 4-x Ge 1-x P x S 4- based thio-silicone region II (thio- LISICON Region II) type crystal structure (see Kanno et al., Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 148(7) A742-746 (2001)), Li 4-x Ge 1 -x P hio- LISICON Region II) type (see Solid State Ionics, 177 (2006), 2721-2725), and the like.
  • thio-LISICON Region II type crystal structure refers to Li 4-x Ge 1-x P x S 4 -based thio-LISICON Region II (thio-LISICON Region II) type crystal structure, Li 4-x Ge 1-x Indicates that it has a crystal structure similar to P x S 4 -based thio-LISICON Region II (thio-LISICON Region II) type.
  • Li 4-x Ge 1-x P x S 4- based thiolysicone region II The diffraction peaks of the (thio-LISICON Region II ) type crystal structure
  • the crystal structure of the crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte includes an argyrodite crystal structure.
  • the argyrodite crystal structure include Li 7 PS 6 crystal structure; compositional formulas Li 7 -x P 1 -y Si y S 6 and Li 7+x P 1-y Si y S 6 having a structural skeleton of Li 7 PS 6 ; (x is -0.6 to 0.6, y is 0.1 to 0.6); Li 7-x-2y PS 6-x-y Cl x (0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 .7, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ -0.25x+0.5); Li 7-x PS 6-x Ha x (Ha is Cl or Br, x is preferably 0.2 to 1.8); The crystal structure shown is mentioned.
  • preferred crystal structures of the crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte include Li 3 PS 4 crystal structure, thiolisicone region II type crystal structure, and argyrodite type crystal structure.
  • the shape of the crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, particulate.
  • the average particle size (D 50 ) of the particulate crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte is similar to the average particle size (D 50 ) of the amorphous sulfide solid electrolyte described above, for example, from 0.01 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, 0. An example is a range of .1 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • Example 1 [Preparation of composite powder] (1) Preparation of composite powder A Activated carbon (MSC-30, manufactured by Kansai Thermal Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and diphosphorus pentasulfide (manufactured by Ital Match, melting point 286-290°C) were placed in a Tamman tube with an inner diameter of 12 mm at a mass ratio of 68:32. , sealed in a SUS tube container. After raising the temperature from room temperature to 350°C over 1 hour in an electric furnace, the mixture was held at 350°C for 6 hours to obtain composite powder A.
  • Activated carbon MSC-30, manufactured by Kansai Thermal Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
  • diphosphorus pentasulfide manufactured by Ital Match, melting point 286-290°C
  • the activated carbon (MSC-30) used had an average particle diameter D 50 of 50 to 150 ⁇ m (catalog value), a pore volume of 1.58 cm 3 /g, and a BET specific surface area of 2840 m 2 /g. Note that the above pore volume and BET specific surface area are values of pores in porous carbon having a pore diameter of 100 nm or less.
  • a specific surface area/pore distribution measuring device (Autosorb-3) manufactured by Quantacrome was used to measure the pore volume and BET specific surface area.
  • FIG. 1 is an SEM image and EDX mapping (carbon element (C), phosphorus element (P), and sulfur element (S)) of a cross section of composite powder A. From FIG. 1, it can be confirmed that diphosphorus pentasulfide is impregnated inside the pores of the activated carbon since the P element and the S element are present on the cross section of the activated carbon confirmed with the C element.
  • Comparative example 1 (1) Preparation of composite powder Activated carbon (MSC-30) and elemental sulfur were placed in a glass tube at a mass ratio of 30:70, and the mixture was sealed in a SUS tube container. The mixture was heated in an electric furnace at 150°C for 6 hours and then at 300°C for 2.75 hours to obtain a composite powder. (2) Preparation of positive electrode mixture, preparation of lithium ion battery As raw material powders, 0.45 g of the composite powder of (1) above, 0.064 g of diphosphorus pentasulfide, and 0.45 g of the solid electrolyte prepared in Example 1 were used. Then, a positive electrode composite material was produced under the same production conditions as in Example 1. Further, an all-solid-state battery was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • Comparative example 2 Production was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, using 0.32 g of elemental sulfur, 0.14 g of activated carbon (MSC-30), 0.064 g of diphosphorus pentasulfide, and 0.45 g of the solid electrolyte produced in Example 1 as raw material powders.
  • a positive electrode composite material was prepared under the following conditions. Further, the all-solid-state battery was manufactured under the same manufacturing conditions as in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2A is a charge-discharge curve of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 at the second cycle (current density during discharge: 0.187 mAcm ⁇ 2 ), and FIG. 2B is a charge-discharge curve of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. This is a charge-discharge curve at the 8th cycle (current density during discharge: 7.46 mAcm ⁇ 2 ).
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing discharge capacity (rate characteristics) under high current density
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing cycle characteristics. From Figures 2 to 4, when comparing the battery characteristics of the example and the comparative example, the battery of the example shows a large discharge capacity (excellent rate characteristics) under high current density and also has good cycle characteristics. can be confirmed.
  • Example 2 Production of composite powder C Composite powder C was produced under the same conditions as in the production of composite powder A in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of activated carbon (MSC-30) and diphosphorus pentasulfide was changed to 81:19. I got it.
  • MSC-30 activated carbon
  • diphosphorus pentasulfide diphosphorus pentasulfide
  • Composite powder D was obtained under the same conditions as in the preparation of Composite Powder B in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the above Composite Powder C and elemental sulfur was changed to 35:65.
  • Example 3 Production of composite powder E
  • Composite powder E was produced under the same conditions as for production of composite powder A in Example 1, except that the weight ratio of activated carbon (MSC-30) and diphosphorus pentasulfide was changed to 51:49. I got it.
  • Composite powder F was obtained under the same conditions as in the preparation of composite powder B in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the above composite powder E and elemental sulfur was changed to 45:55.
  • Example 4 (1) Preparation of Composite Powder G Activated carbon (MSC-30) and lithium iodide (melting point 459°C) were placed in a 56:44 mass ratio in a Tammann tube with an inner diameter of 12 mm, and the mixture was sealed in a SUS tube container. After raising the temperature from room temperature to 520°C over 1 hour in an electric furnace, the temperature was maintained at 520°C for 6 hours to obtain composite powder G.
  • MSC-30 Activated carbon
  • lithium iodide melting point 459°C
  • FIG. 8 is an SEM image and EDX mapping (carbon element (C) and iodine element (I)) of a cross section of composite powder G. From FIG. 8, it can be confirmed that the pores of the activated carbon are impregnated with lithium iodide since the I element is present on the cross section of the activated carbon confirmed with the C element.
  • Composite powder H was obtained under the same conditions as in the preparation of composite powder B in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the composite powder G and elemental sulfur was changed to 43:57.
  • FIG. 5A is a charge-discharge curve for the second cycle (current density during discharge: 0.187 mAcm ⁇ 2 ) of Examples 2 to 4
  • FIG. 5B is a charge-discharge curve for the eighth cycle (current density during discharge) of Examples 2 to 4.
  • This is a charge/discharge curve with a current density of 7.46 mAcm ⁇ 2 ).
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing discharge capacity (rate characteristics) under high current density
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing cycle characteristics. From FIGS. 5 to 7, it can be confirmed that it shows a large discharge capacity (excellent rate characteristics) under high current density and also has good cycle characteristics.
  • Example 5 (1) Preparation of composite powder I Diphosphorus pentasulfide was changed to antimony sulfide (melting point 550°C), activated carbon (MSC-30) and antimony sulfide were changed to a mass ratio of 49:51, and the heating temperature was changed to 580°C. Except for the above, composite powder I was obtained under the same conditions as those for producing composite powder A in Example 1.
  • FIG. 9 shows an SEM image and EDX mapping (carbon element (C) and antimony element (Sb)) of a cross section of composite powder I. From FIG. 9, it can be confirmed that antimony sulfide is impregnated inside the pores of the activated carbon, since the Sb element is present on the cross section of the activated carbon confirmed by the C element.
  • Composite powder J was prepared under the same conditions as for preparation of composite powder B in Example 1, except that composite powder I was used and the mass ratio of composite powder I and elemental sulfur was changed to 47:53. Powder J was obtained.
  • FIG. 10A is a charge-discharge curve for the second cycle of Example 5 (current density during discharge: 0.187 mAcm ⁇ 2 ), and FIG. 10B is a charge-discharge curve for the eighth cycle of Example 5 (current density during discharge: 7 .46 mAcm ⁇ 2 ).
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing discharge capacity (rate characteristics) under high current density
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing cycle characteristics. From FIGS. 10 to 12, it can be confirmed that it shows a large discharge capacity (excellent rate characteristics) under high current density and also has good cycle characteristics.
  • Example 6 (1) Preparation of composite powder K Change diphosphorus pentasulfide to lithium bromide (melting point 547°C), make the mass ratio of activated carbon (MSC-30) and lithium bromide 56:44, and set the heating temperature to 552°C.
  • Composite powder K was obtained under the same conditions as for producing composite powder A in Example 1, except for the changes.
  • FIG. 13 is an SEM image and EDX mapping (carbon element (C) and bromine element (Br)) of a cross section of composite powder K. From FIG. 13, it can be confirmed that lithium bromide is impregnated inside the pores of the activated carbon since the Br element is present on the cross section of the activated carbon confirmed by the C element.
  • Composite powder L was prepared under the same conditions as for preparation of composite powder B in Example 1, except that composite powder K was used and the mass ratio of composite powder K and elemental sulfur was changed to 43:57. Powder L was obtained. Composite powder L was subjected to SEM-EDX analysis in the same manner as in Example 1, and it was confirmed that the activated carbon was impregnated with lithium bromide.
  • Example 7 (1) Preparation of composite powder M Change diphosphorus pentasulfide to red phosphorus (melting point 589.5°C, sublimation temperature 416°C), make the mass ratio of activated carbon (MSC-30) and red phosphorus 67:33, and heat Composite powder M was obtained under the same conditions as for producing composite powder A in Example 1, except that the temperature was changed to 450°C.
  • FIG. 14 is an SEM image and EDX mapping (carbon element (C) and phosphorus element (P)) of a cross section of composite powder M. From FIG. 14, it can be confirmed that the pores of the activated carbon are impregnated with phosphorus because the P element is present on the cross section of the activated carbon confirmed with the C element.
  • Composite powder was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that composite powder M was used and the mass ratio of composite powder M and elemental sulfur was changed to 39:61. Powder N was obtained. Composite powder N was subjected to SEM-EDX analysis in the same manner as in Example 1, and it was confirmed that the activated carbon was impregnated with red phosphorus.
  • the composite powder of the present invention is suitable as a structural material for alkali metal ion batteries, particularly as a positive electrode composite material. Further, the alkali metal ion battery of the present invention is suitably used in, for example, batteries used in information-related equipment and communication equipment such as personal computers, video cameras, and mobile phones, and vehicles such as electric cars.

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