WO2023286755A1 - カテーテル・シミュレータ、及び、カテーテル・シミュレータ用の心臓モデル - Google Patents
カテーテル・シミュレータ、及び、カテーテル・シミュレータ用の心臓モデル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023286755A1 WO2023286755A1 PCT/JP2022/027358 JP2022027358W WO2023286755A1 WO 2023286755 A1 WO2023286755 A1 WO 2023286755A1 JP 2022027358 W JP2022027358 W JP 2022027358W WO 2023286755 A1 WO2023286755 A1 WO 2023286755A1
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- heart model
- anterior
- left ventricle
- catheter
- posterior
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
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- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
Definitions
- the present invention mainly relates to a catheter simulator that can practice catheter surgery for mitral regurgitation, and a heart model installed in this catheter simulator.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a plurality of heart models according to the type of heart disease, a container holding each heart model, and a water flow in the container so as to improve catheterization techniques for various heart diseases.
- a simulator equipped with a pump for circulating the In this simulator, water is stored in a small container and a heart model is suspended, and a pump is used to create a flow in the heart to generate a pulsating flow, and a catheter is inserted into the floating heart model.
- the aforementioned Patent Document 1 discloses a heart model and a container capable of simulating Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) as a surgical procedure for treating valvular heart disease. .
- TAVI Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
- valves There are four valves (pulmonary valve, aortic valve, mitral valve, and tricuspid valve) in the heart, and the simulator disclosed in Patent Document 1 is related to aortic valve disease as valvular heart disease. Although they can practice catheterization, they cannot practice catheterization for the mitral valve.
- the mitral valve functions to maintain the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle and prevent backflow. It is not appropriate to employ the heart model and container disclosed in US Pat.
- the mitral valve has a configuration in which the blood flow is controlled by bringing the anterior and posterior cusps, which are curved toward the left ventricle, into close contact/separation. If the mitral valve is underregurgitated (mitral regurgitation), the adhesion between the anterior and posterior cusps becomes insufficient, causing a problem of backflow of blood. Recently, percutaneous mitral valve clipping (a procedure using MitraClip (registered trademark)) has been performed as a catheter treatment for such mitral valve regurgitation.
- MitraClip registered trademark
- a clip is placed at the tip of a catheter, and the clip is attached so as to grasp the anterior and posterior cusps by approaching the left ventricle from the left atrium.
- the tightness of the mitral valve which has caused regurgitation, is improved, and backflow of blood is suppressed.
- the simulator of Patent Document 1 described above is not intended for percutaneous mitral valve clipping surgery, and it is desirable to provide a heart model and simulator that can improve the technique for such catheter surgery as well. .
- a heart model it is not easy to accurately reproduce the mitral valve contact/separation movement with a simple configuration. Accurate training in clip art is difficult.
- the present invention has been made in view of the actual situation described above, and is intended to facilitate operation training for treating valvular heart disease related to the mitral valve using a catheter in a state that conforms to the actual movement of the mitral valve. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heart model and a catheter simulator in which such a heart model is installed.
- a heart model according to the present invention is made of an elastic material, has a left atrium and a left ventricle, and has a mitral valve at the boundary between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
- a body and a vena cava provided in the body;
- the mitral valve has an anterior leaflet and a posterior leaflet that extend toward the left ventricle and can be opened and closed;
- a plurality of cord-like members extending into the left ventricle are provided on the distal end side of the apex.
- a catheter simulator includes a container having a holding portion for holding the above-described heart model in a state filled with liquid, and a container connected to the container so that the liquid in the container is introduced into the heart model. and a catheter-insertable introduction provided in the container, wherein the pump directs a heart model held in the container from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
- the catheter is intermittently driven so that a pulsatile flow flows through the heart model, and the anterior and posterior cusps of the heart model held by the holding part can be used to practice catheter surgery for the mitral valve.
- the heart model with the above configuration can be installed in a floating state in a container of a catheter simulator filled with liquid such as water, and can be used to practice catheter surgery for the mitral valve.
- the mitral valve has an anterior leaflet and a posterior leaflet that extend toward the left ventricle and can be opened and closed. Due to the presence of the member, when the pump causes fluid to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, the string-like member is pulled along the flow. Since a plurality of string-like members are provided on the tip side of the anterior and posterior cusps that constitute the mitral valve, the flow of the string-like members causes the anterior and posterior cusps to be pulled away from each other, and the actual heart is pulled. similar to how the mitral valve works.
- the anterior and posterior leaflets become occluded because they are no longer subject to the pulling action of the string.
- the anterior and posterior cusps lose their tensile action of the cord-like member and are in a relaxed state, and are subjected to a closing action from an open state, so mitral valve insufficiency in an actual heart can be reproduced.
- the operation of the actual mitral valve of the heart can be easily reproduced with a simple configuration, and catheter surgery (mainly percutaneous mitral valve clipping) can be practiced on the anterior and posterior leaflets. Become so.
- catheter surgery operation training for valvular heart disease related to the mitral valve can be easily performed in a state that conforms to the actual mitral valve movement.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a catheter simulator according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a top view of the container portion of the catheter simulator shown in FIG. 1
- Fig. 2 is a front perspective view of the container portion of the catheter simulator shown in Fig. 1
- 2 is a rear perspective view of the container portion of the catheter simulator shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. Schematic diagram showing the general mechanism of the heart. 1 is an overall view showing one embodiment of a heart model according to the present invention
- FIG. The top view which shows the state which installed the heart model shown in FIG. 6 in the container.
- the top view which looked at the mitral valve of the actual heart from the left atrium side.
- FIG. 3 shows a holder for mounting the mitral valve (anterior and posterior leaflets);
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which the anterior cusp of the mitral valve is attached to the holder of FIG. 10 (viewed from the left atrium side). The figure which shows the state which attached the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve to the holder of FIG. 10 (the figure seen from the left atrium side).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which the anterior and posterior cusps of the mitral valve are attached to the holder of FIG. 10 (viewed from the left atrium side);
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which the anterior and posterior cusps of the mitral valve are attached to the holder of FIG. 10 (viewed from the left ventricular side);
- the top view which shows the state which attached the heart model which attached the mitral valve to the container.
- FIG. 1 which shows the state which a cord-shaped member flows and a mitral valve opens when it receives the suction action of a liquid.
- Schematic diagram showing a state in which a catheter is inserted into a mitral valve with regurgitation and clipped to a substantially central portion of the mitral valve.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a catheter simulator according to the present invention and a heart model used therein.
- the catheter simulator 1 according to the present embodiment is suitable for practicing surgery using a catheter (mainly percutaneous mitral valve clipping) for valvular heart disease related to the mitral valve, as will be described later. It has a configuration.
- the catheter simulator 1 includes a container 10 that houses a heart model 100, and a pump (pulsatile flow generating pump) 50 that circulates a liquid W such as water in the container 10.
- a pump pulsatile flow generating pump
- FIG. the liquid is circulated in the heart model 100 installed in the container 10 so that the liquid flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle via the mitral valve is equivalent to the actual blood flow of the heart.
- a mitral valve is configured to open and close. Therefore, the pump 50 is intermittently driven so as to generate a pulsating flow in the liquid filled in the container 10 .
- a heart rate of 20 to 200 bpm (beat per minute) is sufficient in consideration of possible pulsations of the human body. In actual heart surgery, it is considered that heart rate is mostly in the range of 40 to 100 bpm. Well, if at least 40 to 150 pulsatile flows per minute can be generated, effective simulation will be possible.
- the present inventors proposed a four-chamber model, a coronary artery model, and a TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) model as heart models in the earlier application PCT/JP2016/057000.
- These heart models are made of materials with elasticity close to that of the real human heart, such as PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), polyurethane, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester, phenolic resin, silicone and similar materials, and other thermosetting materials. It is made of a resin or a thermoplastic resin alone or a combination of a plurality of resins.
- the heart model 100 is configured as a form dedicated to enabling practice of catheterization procedures related to the mitral valve, which cannot be practiced with the above-described known heart model.
- it is made of the same material as the heart model described above, so that during the simulation, it is possible to obtain a feeling of operating the catheter that is close to reality.
- the color of the heart model 100 may be similar to that of the actual heart so that the inside of the heart cannot be visually recognized so that the trainee can perform the simulation while irradiating X-rays and observing the monitor.
- a transparent or translucent color may be used so that the trainee can directly visually observe and simulate the movement of an inserted catheter, guide wire, or other device.
- the heart model is made of a material that can be visually recognized by the trainee, by covering the container 10 with a cover or the like so that the heart model is not visible to the trainee, the behavior of the catheter can be grasped only on the monitor through X-ray fluoroscopy. is also possible.
- the heart model 100 of the present invention is preferably integrally formed without artificial seams. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a liquid flow (blood flow) that cannot be seen in the human body due to the seam, and to prevent the seam from obstructing the visual field when the catheter is inserted. Also, it is possible to prevent the appearance of unnatural shadows under X-ray fluoroscopy.
- a method of forming a heart model using a material that satisfies the above properties it is possible to use, for example, an optical modeling method invented by the present applicant (Japanese Patent No. 5236103).
- a highly accurate heart model for each patient can be formed at relatively low cost in a short period of time based on radiographic data (cardiac CT data) of human organs. Therefore, the trainee can create a patient-specific heart model and simulate catheter manipulation prior to actual surgery.
- the catheter simulator according to the present invention can also be used as a preliminary preparation before actual catheter operation, such as selecting and examining the most suitable catheter and various devices for a patient before examination or surgery. .
- the heart model 100 is formed by the optical modeling method described above, a state close to that of the human body can be reproduced, so the surface of the heart model is not smooth, and includes slight unevenness similar to the human body. Therefore, even if it is made of a transparent or semi-transparent material as described above, the visible light is diffusely reflected on the uneven surface, which may reduce the visibility. In such a case, after the formation of the heart model, the irregular reflection can be reduced by coating the surface with the same material to smooth the uneven surface, thereby improving the visibility.
- the heart model 100 of the present embodiment and the catheter simulator 1 using the same circulate the liquid in the container 10 by the pump 50 so that a pulsatile flow is caused to flow inside the heart model 100.
- a body repeatedly expands and contracts to allow fluid to flow like the blood flow of a real heart.
- By circulating the liquid in this way in a simulation using a contrast medium, it is possible to suppress the retention of the contrast medium inside the heart and to monitor the behavior of the catheter.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 a schematic configuration of the catheter simulator container 10 in which the heart model 100 is installed and the heart model 100 will be described.
- the main body of the heart model is the left atrium so that the catheter treatment procedure can be effectively practiced for the mitral valve existing between the left atrium and the left ventricle. , the left ventricle, and the vena cava (superior vena cava, inferior vena cava) through which the catheter approaches the mitral valve. That is, the heart model has a form in which the right atrium and right ventricle are omitted.
- the heart model to be used can be appropriately modified, such as being configured as a four-chamber type.
- the container 10 of the present embodiment includes a storage portion 10a that stores a liquid W such as water or electrolyzed water by four side walls 11 to 14 and a bottom surface 15. As shown in FIG.
- the side wall 11 is the lower body side of the actual human body
- the side wall 12 is the upper body side of the actual human body.
- the side wall 11 and the side wall 12 are formed with holding portions 11A and 11B and holding portions 12A and 12B capable of holding the heart model 100 with the containing portion 10a filled with liquid. These holding portions are provided so as to protrude into the housing portion 10a.
- the cylindrical portion formed in the heart model 100 in this embodiment, the cylindrical connecting portion formed in the vena cava, the esophagus, and the apex that does not exist in the actual heart
- the cylindrical portion formed in the heart model 100 in this embodiment, the cylindrical connecting portion formed in the vena cava, the esophagus, and the apex that does not exist in the actual heart
- It can be plugged in and the heart model 100 is held floating in a liquid-filled container.
- one or more flanges 16 that decrease in diameter toward the distal end of each of the holding portions 11A and 11B and the holding portions 12A and 12B. It is possible to stably hold the heart model by making it difficult for the holding portion formed in 100 to come off.
- the holding parts 11B and 12B also function as introduction parts for inserting a catheter, and the vena cava (inferior vena cava 102A, superior vena cava 102B) of the heart model 100 are inserted and held. It has become so.
- the holding portions 11B and 12B are integrally formed with introduction portions 11B' and 12B' that protrude out of the container on the same axis. It is supposed to be connected.
- a catheter introduction terminal is provided at the tip of the introduction tube of the catheter, and the introduction terminal has a function (valve function) to prevent the liquid filled in the introduction tube from leaking to the outside.
- the structure is such that the catheter can be introduced into the introducer tube and withdrawn therefrom.
- the holding part 11A is used to circulate the liquid inside the holding part and generate a pulsatile flow inside the held heart model 100, particularly in the region from the left atrium to the left ventricle. It has a function as a liquid suction part that sucks and sends it to the pump 50 . For this reason, a cylindrical connecting portion (suction port) 103 protruding from the apical portion of the main body 101 of the heart model 100 is connected to the holding portion 11A.
- the connection portion 103 is a component that does not exist in the actual heart, and a suction tube 51 for sucking liquid with the pump 50 is connected to a suction tube 11a protruding outside on the same axis as the holding portion 11A.
- a pulsatile flow is generated in the internal space of the main body 101 (the space from the left atrium to the left ventricle).
- the suction tube 11a is provided with a connection mechanism 17 at a portion protruding outside the container so that the suction tube 51 can be attached and detached with one touch. Further, it is preferable that an open/close valve (not shown) is provided in the flow path of the connection mechanism 17 so that the liquid does not flow out to the outside by operating the open/close operation member 17a. As a result, it is possible to prevent the liquid in the storage portion from leaking when the suction tube 51 is attached or detached.
- the side wall 11 is formed with a liquid inflow portion 11C for pushing liquid from the pump 50 into the housing portion 10a.
- the liquid inflow portion 11C is provided with an inflow projection 11c that protrudes outward on the same axis.
- the liquid in 10a is adapted to circulate through the heart model.
- the inflow projection 11c protruding outside the container is preferably provided with a connection mechanism 18 like the suction tube 11a, so that the inflow tube 52 can be attached and detached with one touch.
- an open/close valve (not shown) is provided in the flow path of the connection mechanism 18 so that liquid does not flow out to the outside by operating the open/close operation member 18a. As a result, it is possible to prevent the liquid in the storage portion from leaking when the inflow pipe 52 is attached or detached.
- the holding part 12A provided on the side wall 12 is provided so that transesophageal echocardiography can be performed.
- Transesophageal echocardiography is used to view the heart from the inside by introducing an ultrasound probe into the esophagus, allowing catheterization procedures to be performed while observing mitral valve movement. Therefore, in the main body 101 of the heart model 100 of the present embodiment, an esophagus into which an ultrasonic probe capable of transesophageal echocardiography is inserted is adjacent to the vena cava (inferior vena cava 102A, superior vena cava 102B). 105 are formed.
- One end of the esophagus 105 is inserted into and held by the holding portion 12A, and the other end 105a is open in the accommodating portion. Further, a tubular portion 60 for inserting the ultrasonic probe toward the inside of the accommodating portion is provided outside the container of the holding portion 12A.
- the side walls 11 to 14 and the bottom surface 15 of the container 10 described above are made of a material having sufficient strength to stably contain the liquid and the heart model.
- the container 10 may be formed in a shape that can stably accommodate the liquid and the heart model.
- the material of the side walls 11 to 14 and the bottom surface 15 constituting the container has transparency. Since the side wall and the bottom surface are transparent, it is possible to visually observe the behavior of the heart model installed in the container 10 and the behavior of a catheter inserted from the outside of the container 10 during the simulation.
- Materials having such strength and transparency include, for example, acrylic, polycarbonate, PET, and polystyrene.
- the container 10 is made of a material that can be visually recognized by the trainee, the behavior of the catheter can be observed by installing a camera and displaying it on a monitor or the like, or by performing X-ray fluoroscopy and displaying it on a monitor or the like. It is possible to perform a simulation that is grasped only on the monitor, and it is also possible to realize a more realistic state.
- the use of visual recognition, monitor display confirmation, and X-ray imaging can be selected according to the training stage and content.
- the top of the container 10 is open, and a lid that can be opened and closed may be provided here.
- a lid that can be opened and closed may be provided here.
- the holding parts 11B and 12B have a function as a catheter introduction part in addition to the function of holding the heart model. For this reason, communication holes through which catheters are inserted are formed in the holding portions 11B and 12B.
- Introductory tubes for introducing a catheter operated by a trainee from the outside of the container 10 are connected to introduction sections 11B' and 12B' protruding outside coaxially with the holding sections 11B and 12B, respectively.
- This introduction tube has a connection mechanism that can be operated outside the container 10. For example, when the introduction tube is inserted into the introduction portions 11B' and 12B' and the operation member (such as a nut) 19 is rotated, the introduction tube is connected. It has a structure that can be fixed and released, making it easy to attach and detach the introduction tube.
- the container 10a is filled with the liquid W, and the heart model 100 is placed in a floating state in the liquid. Since the heart model 100 is in a floating state, the trainee can obtain a more realistic feeling when operating the catheter.
- a dedicated holder may be installed on the bottom surface of the container to support the heart model 100 from below and hold it in the liquid.
- the elements to be housed in the container 10 are only a heart model of the same size as the human heart and a liquid for floating it, so the container 10 can be miniaturized.
- the outer dimensions of the container 10 in this embodiment are about 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm ⁇ 15 cm, and the amount of liquid (water) that needs to be filled in the container is about 3 L to 6 L.
- the amount of water to be filled in the storage part 10a of the container is about 6 L, even in places where water supply is not available, it is possible to carry out the simulation by transporting water in a tank or the like. spreads.
- the weight of the container filled with water is so light that the trainee can handle it by himself, so the preparation and cleanup of the simulation can be easily done without the need of an assistant.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the mechanism of a general heart (actual heart)
- FIG. 6 is an overall diagram showing one embodiment of a heart model according to the present invention.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same components as to the actual heart and the heart model of the present embodiment.
- the interior of the body 101 of the actual heart 100 has four chambers: a right atrium 110, a right ventricle 111, and a left atrium 112 and a left ventricle 113.
- a vena cava inferior vena cava 102 A, superior vena cava 102 B) extends from the right atrium 110
- a pulmonary artery 120 extends from the right ventricle 111 .
- the inferior vena cava 102A of the heart model of this embodiment is connected to a holding portion 11B (introducing portion 11B') formed in the container 10 and serves as an introducing port for a catheter.
- the superior vena cava 102B of the heart model is connected to a holding portion 12B (introducing portion 12B') formed in the container 10 and serves as an introductory port for a catheter.
- the inferior vena cava 102A reaches the femoral vein running through the groin and serves as an introduction path for a catheter introduced from the groin (groin).
- the superior vena cava 102B reaches the internal jugular vein that runs at the base of the neck and serves as an introduction path for a catheter. That is, the catheter may approach the mitral valve from either the inferior vena cava 102A or the superior vena cava 102B.
- the main body 101 of the heart model 100 is formed with an inferior vena cava 102A and a superior vena cava 102B protruding from the main body 101 as simulated blood vessel passages, similar to the actual heart.
- the main body 101 is formed with the left atrium 112 and the vena cava 102A, 102B (right atrium 110) adjacent to each other via a partition wall 101A.
- the partition wall 101A has an opening 101B through which a catheter is inserted. It is preferable to keep In an actual mitral valve catheterization operation, the catheter is approached from the inferior vena cava 102A or the superior vena cava 102B to the left atrium 112. At this time, the septum 101A between the right atrium 110 and the left atrium 112 is pierced by the tip of the catheter. If such an operation is repeated, the septum portion will be damaged. Therefore, by forming the opening 101B in the septum 101A as described above, it is possible to prevent the heart model from being damaged even if the exercise is repeated.
- the actual heart has a tricuspid valve 130 between the right atrium 110 and the right ventricle 111 and a pulmonary valve 131 between the right ventricle 111 and the pulmonary artery 120 .
- An aortic valve 132 exists between the left ventricle 113 and the aorta 121
- a mitral valve 140 exists between the left atrium 112 and the left ventricle 113 . Since the heart model 100 of the present embodiment is configured to perform catheter treatment on the mitral valve 140, elements that are not required for simulation, specifically, the tricuspid valve 130 and the pulmonary valve 131 shown in FIG. , the aortic valve 132, the right ventricle 111 and the pulmonary artery 120 are omitted.
- an aortic lid 134 is placed to block the aorta 121 .
- the pulmonary vein 124 may be omitted, or an opening may be formed in this portion to form a flow path for circulating liquid in the heart model.
- the heart model may be a body 101 in which the above-described omitted parts are formed in the same manner as the actual heart.
- the apex (lower end on the left ventricle side) of the main body 101 of the heart model 100 is formed with a connecting portion (suction port) 103 that does not exist in the actual heart.
- this connection portion 103 is connected to the holding portion 11A of the container 10 and a suction action is applied to this portion by the pump 50, the liquid existing in the space from the left atrium 112 to the left ventricle 113 is subjected to a suction action, and the inside of the main body. pulsatile flow begins to flow.
- the fluid inflow path to the left atrium 112 can be configured by the pulmonary vein 124 connected to the left atrium 112, the opening formed in the aortic cover 134, the opening 101B through which the catheter is inserted, and the like.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a state in which the heart model 100 shown in FIG. 6 is installed inside the container 10.
- the heart model 100 is held by inserting the connecting portion 103 and the inferior vena cava 102A into holding portions 11A and 11B provided on the side wall 11 of the container on the lower body side, respectively. Further, the esophagus 105 and the superior vena cava 102A are respectively inserted into the holding portions 12A and 12B provided on the side wall 12 of the container on the upper body side and held.
- the pump 50 causes fluid to be sucked from the connecting portion 103 so that the fluid flows from the left atrium 112 to the left ventricle 113 via the mitral valve 140 .
- the connection portion 103 or the holding portion 11A have a shape that gradually decreases in diameter toward the pump side. With such a shape, when the pump 50 receives a suction action, a sufficient suction force acts and a stable fluid flow from the left atrium 112 to the left ventricle 113 is realized.
- FIG. 8 the structure of the mitral valve 140 existing between the left atrium 112 and the left ventricle 113 will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 16.
- FIG. 8 the structure of the mitral valve 140 existing between the left atrium 112 and the left ventricle 113 will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 16.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view of the mitral valve 140 existing in the actual heart, viewed from the left atrium side.
- the mitral valve 140 has the function of keeping blood always flowing in one direction (from the left atrium to the left ventricle) and preventing backflow.
- the mitral valve 140 has an anterior leaflet 141 and a posterior leaflet 142.
- the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 open, and blood 160 flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle (in the direction of arrow D), as shown in FIG. 9(a).
- the anterior leaflet 141 and the posterior leaflet 142 were closed with the apical side bent and folded toward the left ventricle, and the back side of each was pulled by the chordae tendineae extending from the papillary muscles of the left ventricle. in a state.
- the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 are pulled by the papillary muscles and the chordae tendineae to open toward the left ventricle and allow blood to flow. Closed to prevent backflow.
- the anterior and posterior cusps of the mitral valve formed as a model should behave in the same way as the anterior and posterior cusps of the actual heart, and It is important to reproduce the blood flow as well.
- the mitral valve and the flow of liquid (blood flow) are configured as follows, so that practice similar to actual catheter treatment can be performed.
- FIG. 10 An anterior cusp 141 and a posterior cusp 142 that constitute the mitral valve 140 are attached to an annular holder 145 (see FIG. 10).
- the holder 145 is made of a material (such as hard resin) having a hardness higher than that of the main body 101 of the heart model, which is made of a flexible material. On the other hand, it is configured so that it can be mounted without deformation or the like.
- the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 which are separately formed, are attached to the holder 145 by adhesion or the like (see FIGS. 11 and 12).
- the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 are made of a thin, thick and flexible material, preferably a material that is more flexible than the main body of the heart model (for example, a latex material) so that it can be easily displaced along with the flow of liquid, which will be described later. formed by
- the anterior leaflet 141 and the posterior leaflet 142 are shaped similarly to the anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve of the actual heart, and in the holder 145 the anterior leaflet 141 is positioned on both sides of the posterior leaflet 142 .
- the ends 141a and 142a of the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 are formed to bend toward the ventricle side, and are in close contact with each other while overlapping each other (FIGS. 13 and 14). reference).
- a boundary portion 143 is formed at the inflection end of the anterior leaflet 141 and the posterior leaflet 142, as in the configuration shown in FIG.
- a plurality of opening holes 141A, 142A are formed in the ends 141a, 142a of the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142, respectively.
- One end of a string member 150 is fastened to each of these openings 141A and 142A (see FIG. 17), and in this state a mitral valve 140 portion (mitral valve model) is constructed.
- These openings may be formed at the ends of the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142, that is, at the portions hanging down toward the left ventricle, and the number and arrangement thereof are arbitrary.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a state in which the mitral valve shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 is installed in a heart model
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a state in which the heart model with the mitral valve attached is attached to a container. (These figures show a state in which the string member 150 is not fastened to the opening holes 141A and 142A).
- the holder 145 of the mitral valve 140 is made of a material (such as hard resin) having a higher hardness than the main body 101, and is deformed with respect to a predetermined portion (the boundary portion between the left atrium and the left ventricle). It is configured so that it can be installed without any Therefore, the holder 145 can be press-fitted into the boundary between the left atrium 112 and the left ventricle 113 and fixed. In this case, the holder 145 may be fixed by bonding to the boundary portion, or may be fixed detachably. Alternatively, an engagement structure such as unevenness may be provided at the boundary portion of the main body 101 so that the holder 145 can be easily attached to and detached from the boundary portion. By making the holder 145 detachable in this way, it is possible to form a mitral valve that opens and closes in the same manner as in an actual patient's case, incorporate it into a heart model, and practice catheter manipulation. Become.
- a semi-cylindrical member (insertion member) 155 through which the cord-like member 150 is bundled to the inner wall of the left ventricle 113 .
- the string-like member 150 does not become entangled as shown in FIG. 17, and as shown in FIG. Appropriately distributed tensile forces can be applied to the cusps and posterior cusps.
- the semi-cylindrical member 155 includes an anterior cusp 155A through which a plurality of string-like members provided on the anterior cusp 141 are inserted, and a posterior cusp 155A through which a plurality of string-like members provided on the posterior cusp 142 are inserted.
- the 155B are provided at substantially opposing positions, it is possible to apply a stable tensile force to the anterior leaflet and the posterior leaflet.
- such a semi-cylindrical member 155 may be provided within a range from a position about 1/3 from the left atrium to a position approximately in the middle of the left ventricle. It is sufficient that it has a length that passes through the semi-cylindrical member 155 and ends in front of the holding portion 11A.
- the string-like member 150 is caused to move by the fluid flow, thereby 141 and the posterior leaflet 142 are pulled toward the ventricle. That is, the anterior leaflet 141 and the posterior leaflet 142 are subjected to a pulling action similar to the function of the actual chordae tendineae, causing the mitral valve to open as shown in FIG.
- the blood flows from the left atrium 112 to the left ventricle 113, and a flow similar to the actual blood flow can be realized.
- the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 will not be subjected to the tensile action of the chordae tendineae. It becomes difficult to realize the degree of opening like the mitral valve.
- the closed state of the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 is the initial state when attached to the holder. Therefore, by setting the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 in a state in which they are partially separated from the holder in advance, it is possible to achieve actual mitral regurgitation.
- the open state and closed state of the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 can be appropriately modified depending on the configuration (length, thickness, material, cross-sectional shape, etc.) of the string-like member 150, the mounting position, and the number of mountings.
- it can be composed of a thread made of fiber, a thread or a strip made of a stretchable material such as rubber.
- the string-like member extends in the axial direction during suction, and when the suction stops, its elastic force makes it easier to return.
- the cord-like member 150 of the present embodiment is configured to be separately fastened to the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142, it may be integrally formed together with the anterior cusp and the posterior cusp.
- valve member one-way valve that opens when liquid is sucked by the intermittent drive and closes when liquid suction stops is provided in the liquid suction path (suction path by the suction tube 51) of the pump 50. It is preferable to dispose.
- the liquid is somewhat pushed back toward the heart model, and the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 are closed.
- force can be exerted. That is, by pushing back the liquid to some extent, a closing force can be applied to the anterior leaflet 141 and the posterior leaflet 142 in the open state, making it easier to realize movement similar to that of the actual mitral valve of the heart. be able to.
- the one-way valve for example, by using an umbrella valve, the flow rate (return amount) can be easily adjusted, and the opening and closing of the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 can be more easily adjusted.
- the liquid suction section (holding section 11A) that performs liquid suction preferably has a connection nozzle 11F that is connected to the connection section 103 formed at the apex of the heart.
- the receiving portion 11G having a shape along the inner surface of the connecting portion 103 formed at the apex of the heart, the connecting portion 103 and the connecting nozzle 11F can be connected to each other while enhancing the suction effect. It is possible to prevent a gap from occurring between them, and to realize stable opening and closing of the mitral valve.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a catheter 200 is inserted into a mitral valve 140 with regurgitation to clip the approximately central portion of the mitral valve. 1 shows an outline of a surgical procedure using a clip (registered trademark).
- the anterior leaflet 141 and the posterior leaflet 142 open and close in the same manner as the actual heart as the pump 50 intermittently drives the suction.
- the anterior leaflet 141 and the posterior leaflet 142 that cause insufficiency are approached with the catheter 200 from the left atrium side, and the clip 201 that is locked at the tip is attached to the anterior leaflet 141.
- the overlapped portion of the end 141a of the posterior cusp 142 and the end 142a of the posterior cusp 142 is passed through and pulled out as it is, while clipping both ends.
- the anterior cusp 141 and the posterior cusp 142 are provided with string-like members, respectively. Since it is possible to reproduce substantially accurately, it is possible to practice catheter operation in a practical state while having a simple configuration. That is, it becomes possible to practice percutaneous mitral valve clipping surgery in a state close to the actual movement of the heart with a simple configuration.
- opening and closing of the valve is not necessarily limited to suction drive from the apex of the heart, but can also be realized by drive by inflow from the left atrium side.
- opening and closing of the valve is not necessarily limited to suction drive from the apex of the heart, but can also be realized by drive by inflow from the left atrium side.
- a procedure for inserting a catheter from the apex of the heart is performed, by flexibly changing the inflow route in this manner, the same procedure can be performed without significantly changing the configuration of the equipment used. .
- catheter simulator 10 container 10a container 11A, 11B, 12A, 12B holding part 11C liquid inflow part 50 pump 51 suction tube 52 inflow tube 100 heart model 101 body 102A inferior vena cava 102B superior vena cava 103 connecting part 105 esophagus 112 left Atrium 113 Left ventricle 140 Mitral valve 141 Anterior cusp 142 Posterior cusp 145 Holder 150 String member 155 Semi-cylindrical member (insertion member) 200 catheter 201 clip
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明に係るカテーテル・シミュレータ、及び、それに用いられる心臓モデルの一実施形態を示す図である。
本実施形形態に係るカテーテル・シミュレータ1は、後述するように、僧帽弁に関する心臓弁膜症について、カテーテルを用いた手術(主に、経皮的僧帽弁クリップ術)を練習するのに適した構成となっている。
なお、想定し得る人体の拍動を考慮すると、心拍数20~200bpm(beat per minute)であれば十分である。実際の心臓手術では、心拍数が40~100bpm程度の範囲で行なわれることが殆どと考えられるため、ポンプ50の能力としては、毎分20~200回の拍動流を生じさせる構成であれば良く、少なくとも毎分40~150回の拍動流を生成できれば効果的なシミュレーションを行うことが可能となる。
この場合、各保持部11A,11B、及び、保持部12A,12Bには、その外周面に先端に向けて縮径化するフランジ16を1つ以上形成しておくことが好ましく、これにより心臓モデル100に形成された保持部を抜け難くして心臓モデルを安定して保持することが可能となる。
なお、カテーテルの導入管の先端部には、カテーテル導入端子が設けられており、導入端子は導入管に満たされた液体が外部へ漏洩しないような機能(弁機能)を有すると共に、トレーニング者がカテーテルを導入管へ導入し、かつそこから引抜きができるような構造を有している。
実際の僧帽弁に対するカテーテル手術では、カテーテルを、下大静脈102A又は上大静脈102Bから左心房112にアプローチさせる経由が取られ、この際、右心房110と左心房112との間の隔壁101Aはカテーテルの先端で貫かれる。このような操作を繰り返すと、隔壁部分が損傷することから、上記のように、隔壁101Aに開口101Bを形成しておくことで、繰り返し練習しても心臓モデルが損傷することを防止できる。
僧帽弁140は、血液が常に一方向(左心房から左心室)に流れるように維持し、逆流を防止する機能を有する。僧帽弁140は、前尖141と後尖142とを備えており、心臓が拡張する前段階(心臓の収縮期)では、図8に示すように、前尖141と後尖142とは密着して閉じた状態となっている。このため、前尖141と後尖142の境界部分143から血液が流れることはない。そして、心臓が拡張し始めると、図9(a)に示すように、前尖141と後尖142は開き、血液160は左心房から左心室(矢印D方向)へ流れる。
僧帽弁140を構成する前尖141と後尖142は、環状に構成されたホルダ145(図10参照)に取着される。ホルダ145は、前記柔軟性のある素材で形成された心臓モデルの本体101よりも硬度が高い素材(硬質樹脂等)で形成されており、所定の部位(左心房と左心室の境界部分)に対して、変形等することなく装着できるように構成されている。
このように、ホルダ145を着脱可能にすることで、実際の患者の症例と同じような開閉動作をする僧帽弁を形成しておき、心臓モデルに組み込んでカテーテル操作を練習することが可能となる。
このような半円筒状部材155を形成しておくことで、紐状部材150が図17に示したように絡むようなことは無く、図18に示すように、液体の流れに沿って、前尖及び後尖に適度に分散した引張力を作用させることができる。特に、半円筒状部材155は、前記前尖141に設けられた複数の紐状部材を挿通させる前尖用155Aと、前記後尖142に設けられた複数の紐状部材を挿通させる後尖用155Bを略対向する位置に備えた構成にすることで、前尖と後尖に安定した引張力を作用させることが可能となる。
10 容器
10a 収容部
11A,11B,12A,12B 保持部
11C 液体流入部
50 ポンプ
51 吸引管
52 流入管
100 心臓モデル
101 本体
102A 下大静脈
102B 上大静脈
103 接続部
105 食道
112 左心房
113 左心室
140 僧帽弁
141 前尖
142 後尖
145 ホルダ
150 紐状部材
155 半円筒状部材(挿通部材)
200 カテーテル
201 クリップ
Claims (17)
- 弾力性のある材料によって形成され、左心房と左心室を具備し前記左心房と左心室の境界部分に僧帽弁を設置した本体と、
前記本体に設けられた大静脈と、
を有する心臓モデルであって、
前記僧帽弁は、前記左心室側に延出して開閉可能な前尖と後尖を有しており、
前記前尖と後尖の先端側には、それぞれ左心室内に延びる複数の紐状部材が設けられていることを特徴とする心臓モデル。 - 前記前尖と後尖の先端縁には、複数の開口孔が形成されており、
前記紐状部材は、一端が前記開口孔に締結されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の心臓モデル。 - 前記紐状部材は、伸縮性を有する素材で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の心臓モデル。
- 前記前尖と後尖は、ホルダに保持されており、
前記ホルダが、前記左心房と左心室の境界部分に設置されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の心臓モデル。 - 前記ホルダは、前記左心房と左心室の境界部分に対して着脱可能であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の心臓モデル。
- 前記左心室の内壁には、前記紐状部材が束ねた状態で挿通される挿通部材が止着されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の心臓モデル。
- 前記挿通部材は、前記前尖に設けられた複数の紐状部材を挿通させる前尖用と、前記後尖に設けられた複数の紐状部材を挿通させる後尖用を備えていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の心臓モデル。
- 前記本体の左心室の心尖部には、液体吸引部に接続可能な接続部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の心臓モデル。
- 前記本体は、前記左心房と前記大静脈が隔壁を介して隣接して形成されており、
前記隔壁には、カテーテルが挿通される開口が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の心臓モデル。 - 前記本体には、前記大静脈と隣接し、径食道心エコーが挿入される食道が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の心臓モデル。
- 心臓モデルの左心房と左心室の境界部分に設置され、柔軟性のある部材で形成されて端部側が屈曲して折り重なった前尖及び後尖を備えた僧帽弁モデルであって、
前記前尖及び後尖は、前記心臓モデルの構成素材よりも硬い硬質素材で形成されたホルダに取着されており、
前記前尖及び後尖の端部側には、それぞれ複数の紐状部材が設けられていることを特徴とする僧帽弁モデル。 - 前記前尖及び後尖の端部側には、それぞれ複数の開口孔が形成されており、
前記紐状部材は、前記開口孔に締結されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の僧帽弁モデル。 - 弾力性のある材料によって形成され、左心房と左心室を具備し前記左心房と左心室の境界部分に僧帽弁を設置した本体を有し、前記僧帽弁は、前記左心室側に延出して開閉可能な前尖と後尖を有しており、
前記前尖と後尖の先端側には、それぞれ左心室内に延びる複数の紐状部材が設けらている心臓モデルを、液体を満たした容器に保持した状態でカテーテル操作を練習するカテーテル・シミュレータであって、
前記容器は、前記心臓モデルを保持する保持部と、カテーテルを挿入可能な導入部と、を有し、
前記容器には、前記容器内に満たされる液体を前記心臓モデル内に循環させるポンプが接続され、
前記ポンプは、前記容器内に保持された心臓モデルに対し、前記左心房から左心室に向けて拍動流が流れるように間欠駆動され、
前記保持部によって保持された心臓モデルの前記前尖及び後尖に対し、カテーテルによって僧帽弁に対するカテーテル手術の練習が行なえることを特徴とするカテーテル・シミュレータ。 - 前記導入部は、前記本体に形成された大静脈を保持する保持部を構成していることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のカテーテル・シミュレータ。
- 前記容器には、前記ポンプから押し出される液体を容器内に流入する液体流入部と、前記左心房及び左心室内の液体を吸引して前記ポンプに送る液体吸引部が設けられており、
前記本体の左心室の心尖部には、前記液体吸引部に接続可能な接続部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のカテーテル・シミュレータ。 - 前記ポンプによって液体を吸引する液体吸引経路には、前記間欠駆動によって液体が吸引されたときに開き、液体の吸引が停止したときに閉じる一方向弁が配設されていることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のカテーテル・シミュレータ。
- 前記液体吸引部は、前記心尖部に形成された接続部が接続される接続ノズルを有しており、
前記心尖部に形成された接続部と前記接続ノズルの先端との間に隙間が生じないように前記心尖部の内面に沿う形状を具備した受け部が配設されていることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のカテーテル・シミュレータ。
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