WO2023277610A1 - 안티센스 올리고뉴클레오타이드 기반 약물이 탑재된 세포 유래 자연 또는 인공 나노소포체를 함유하는 약학 조성물 - Google Patents
안티센스 올리고뉴클레오타이드 기반 약물이 탑재된 세포 유래 자연 또는 인공 나노소포체를 함유하는 약학 조성물 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition characterized by containing a cell-derived natural or artificial nano-ER loaded with a nucleic acid-based drug.
- the present invention relates to the development of anti-cancer drugs using natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum derived from human cells loaded with antisense oligonucleotides for cancer-inducing gene base sequences.
- liver cancer Depending on the location of the body organ where the cancer occurs, it is called liver cancer, stomach cancer, uterine cancer, etc. In other words, it refers to cancer that has occurred in lung tissue such as bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
- lung tissue such as bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
- breast cancer, liver cancer, etc. when it has metastasized to the lungs from other organs, is called metastatic lung cancer and is treated differently from primary lung cancer.
- Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer. It progresses slowly, so if detected early, it can be treated surgically. Lung cancer is divided into Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLS) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) according to the size and shape of cancer cells microscopically because the clinical course and treatment are different. Of these, NSCLS accounts for 85% of lung cancer patients. Non-small cell lung cancer is further divided into non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and squamous cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 70-75% of cases, and squamous non-small cell lung cancer accounts for about 25%. Although some drugs currently used as target anticancer drugs for non-small cell lung cancer have high therapeutic effects, there is no treatment method for resistant cancer caused by EGFR T790M mutation.
- EVs extracellular vesicles
- Bacterial exosomes also contain lipopolysaccharides or lipoteichoic acids.
- Extracellular endoplasmic reticulum is a nano-sized endoplasmic reticulum secreted by all cells into the external environment for intercellular information exchange.
- Extracellular endoplasmic reticulum contains various substances that exhibit biological activity, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites.
- the components of the extracellular endoplasmic reticulum reflect the type and state of the derived cell, and are present in various body fluids such as cell culture medium, blood, urine, saliva, tears, semen, breast milk, ascites, and cerebrospinal fluid.
- Extracellular vesicles derived from various cells can perform various physiological and pathological functions while interacting with target cells.
- stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles can induce tissue regeneration, and cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles can affect cancer growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and the like.
- Bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles can perform functions such as antibiotic resistance, elimination of competing bacteria, delivery of virulence factors, and regulation of immune responses.
- proteins commonly found in extracellular endoplasmic reticulum derived from various cells and body fluids there are proteins commonly found in extracellular endoplasmic reticulum derived from various cells and body fluids, and through this, it can be confirmed that proteins do not enter the extracellular endoplasmic reticulum in a disorderly manner but enter through a regulated mechanism.
- Proteins commonly found in mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles can be used as marker proteins used when separating extracellular vesicles.
- marker proteins used when separating extracellular vesicles.
- cell-type specific proteins derived from the extracellular endoplasmic reticulum which are related to performing physiological/pathological functions related to the cell type.
- Extracellular endoplasmic reticulum is composed of various substances having biological activity and can perform various biological functions.
- Mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles interact with target cells include ligand-receptor interactions, fusion, and endocytosis. While interacting with target cells, extracellular vesicles derived from various cells perform physiological functions under normal circumstances, and sometimes perform pathological functions that cause diseases. Accordingly, it can be used for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.
- extracellular vesicles Various physiological functions performed by mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles include hemostasis, tissue regeneration, stem cell maintenance, inflammatory/immune response regulation, and embryonic development.
- extracellular vesicles derived from various cells such as monocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets.
- Extracellular vesicles containing phosphatidylserine promote blood coagulation.
- extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells can mediate tissue regeneration and inflammatory response control in injury models such as kidney/liver/skin.
- extracellular vesicles derived from immune cells may promote immune responses, such as delivering inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 ⁇ or presenting antigens directly or indirectly. It is also possible to suppress the immune response by delivering inhibitory cytokines such as TGF- ⁇ or suppressing T cell activation. Extracellular vesicles with membrane-bound morphogens such as Wnt attach to corresponding receptors and promote signaling pathways involved in embryonic development.
- mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles also perform pathological functions that cause various diseases.
- cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles perform very diverse functions in a tumor microenvironment.
- Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles act on endothelial cells through sphingomyelin and promote angiogenesis by promoting division, migration, and tube formation. It also differentiates monocytes into myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Along with this, it also acts on other immune cells, promoting the death of cytotoxic T cells or promoting the differentiation of regulatory T cells to suppress anti-cancer immunity. Through this, it can be seen that cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles perform a function to promote cancer progression in a tumor microenvironment.
- Nucleic acid medicines are medicines using nucleic acids that function as substances mainly responsible for genetic information in vivo.
- 'siRNA' that inhibits gene expression or 'Aptamer' that specifically binds to target molecules are attracting attention. there is.
- Nucleic acid medicines are medicines whose main component is nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, etc.), which are genetic components, and include 'antisense', 'siRNA', 'aptamer' and 'CpG oligo'. Because it exerts its effect by acting on disease-causing genes and proteins, it can act on intracellular molecules that were difficult to target with existing drugs, so it is expected to have excellent effects and fewer side effects.
- RNA-based therapeutics such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), aptamers, synthetic mRNAs, and CRISPR Cas9 target many genes and gene products that cannot be controlled by current drugs.
- siRNAs small interfering RNAs
- miRNAs microRNAs
- ASOs antisense oligonucleotides
- aptamers target many genes and gene products that cannot be controlled by current drugs.
- CRISPR Cas9 CRISPR Cas9 target many genes and gene products that cannot be controlled by current drugs.
- siRNAs small interfering RNAs
- miRNAs microRNAs
- ASOs antisense oligonucleotides
- aptamers synthetic mRNAs
- CRISPR Cas9 CRISPR Cas9
- RNA bilayers allow passive diffusion of neutral, slightly hydrophobic molecules ⁇ 1,000 Daltons (Da) smaller than 1,000 Daltons (Da), while limiting the migration of large molecules such as RNA.
- RNA is also rapidly cleared from the blood by the kidneys and by capture receptors on hepatocytes.
- TLRs Toll like receptors
- PKR double-stranded RNA receptor
- Extracellular vesicles which are defined as structures surrounded by a biological membrane present in cells, come in a wide variety of sizes and production methods. What is called 'exosome' refers to something that is derived from endosomes in cells, released into cells, and has a diameter of about 30 to 200 nm.
- exosomes which are responsible for absorbing and secreting substances within cells.
- endosomes which are responsible for absorbing and secreting substances within cells.
- multivesicular bodies an endosome containing small vesicles called multivesicular bodies, and when they fuse with the cell membrane, the vesicles present inside are released, and these become exosomes.
- Exosomes have different properties depending on their size, biomarker proteins present on the surface, function, and tissue from which they are derived. In other words, exosomes are a general term for structures surrounded by biological membranes found outside cells with a wide variety of sizes and characteristics.
- Components of exosomes can be divided into biological membranes and components contained inside biological membranes.
- various membrane proteins, lipids, and sugar chains exist together, just like the components of the biomembrane inside the cell.
- proteins present in the exosome biomembrane there are several proteins that are specifically present in the exosome and are considered exosome biomarkers, and these include CD63, CD9, and CD81.
- Components inside the exosome include various cell-derived proteins, RNA (miRNA, mRNA, etc.), various metabolites, and the like.
- exosomes move to other cells and exchange substances to transmit signals between cells. It carries out physiological and pathological roles by transmitting signals to other cells and influencing other cells.
- exosomes have various protein components in addition to lipids constituting a biological membrane, and are naturally used as a means of exchanging substances within cells, more efficient mass transfer is possible. It is also expected to have less immunity induction or toxicity.
- exosomes Virtually all mammalian cells are known to release exosomes.
- the outside of an exosome with a size of 30 ⁇ 200 nm is composed of a phospholipid bilayer together with membrane proteins, and the inside contains proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and non-coding RNA. That is, the structure of exosomes can stably store genetic information.
- Exosomes are biological nanoparticles with a size of 30 to 200 nm secreted by most cells, and contain proteins and genetic information of secreting cells. Exosomes have been found to be mediators that transmit information to neighboring or distant cells and regulate the microenvironment around cells.
- Exosomes have the advantage of easy internal loading of drugs. Furthermore, exosomes can transmit information through fusion with cell membranes. In this way, it is possible to reduce the degradation of genetic information and drugs delivered to cells by the digestive system inside the cells.
- the present invention is to provide a method for developing an anticancer drug by loading an antisense oligonucleotide for Galectin-3, a cancer-promoting gene, into cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum.
- a first aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition characterized in that it contains cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum loaded with an anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based drug.
- ASO anti-sense oligonucleotide
- a second aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition containing cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum loaded with a Galectin-3 target nucleic acid drug.
- a third aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for oral or nasal inhalation or intravenous injection, characterized in that it contains cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum loaded with a nucleic acid-based drug.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer, characterized in that it contains natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum derived from cord blood stem cells loaded with a nucleic acid-based drug.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention provides a Galectin-3 targeting anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO), which is characterized by being designed using a nucleotide sequence in a Galectin-3 coding sequence (CDS).
- ASO Galectin-3 targeting anti-sense oligonucleotide
- CDS Galectin-3 coding sequence
- Exosome treatment methods include a method of developing exosomes that resemble parent cells as a treatment method and a method of using exosomes in a drug delivery system (DDS).
- DDS drug delivery system
- the regenerative ability of stem cells is due to exosomes.
- Stem cell-derived exosomes have many strengths as a therapeutic agent compared to stem cells. First of all, since it is not a living cell, it is easy to store and transport for a long time. In addition, since it does not divide, the risk of tumor and infection is low. If the efficacy is similar, it is much easier to develop a treatment.
- Galectins were isolated from animals in the 1970s and belong to the lectin family. A total of 15 subtypes have been identified so far, and they induce cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions to be involved in various intracellular signal transduction. Galectin expression affects apoptosis, embryonic development, inflammatory response, and cancer development. Among them, in the case of Galectin-3, it is known to promote cancer metastasis by promoting the growth of cancer cells in cancer tissues and suppressing the immune response while highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer tissues (FIG. 17).
- Conventional gene therapy involves introducing DNA fragments, miRNAs, siRNAs and lncRNAs into target cells to reverse abnormal gene expression, induce expression of suicide genes, modulate immune responses, and inhibit angiogenesis.
- antisense nucleotides attach to the nucleotide sequence of a specific gene and act as a mechanism for inducing loss of function of the gene, thereby enabling targeting.
- FIG. 13 a single strand strand
- the stability of the drug is low when treated alone, limiting its use as a general-purpose drug, and it cannot be delivered into cells in most tissues and cell types through the current ASO delivery method.
- the present invention has the effect of inhibiting the proliferation and migration of cancer cells normally by increasing the stability of the drug by mounting these antisense nucleotides on exosomes, which are natural nano-vesicles, or artificial nano-vesicles obtained by extruding and pulverizing cells. confirmed.
- the present invention developed a gene-targeted drug using anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) and confirmed the effect of inhibiting the expression of Galectin-3, a gene involved in the proliferation and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer.
- ASO anti-sense oligonucleotide
- Galectin-3 ASO as an inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation and metastasis was confirmed, and the possibility of loading Galectin-3 ASO into nano-ERs (including exosomes and artificial nano-ERs) was confirmed. In addition, it was confirmed that there is an effect of inducing the death of cancer cells more effectively by increasing sensitivity when administered in combination with existing anticancer drugs. Therefore, through the present invention, it is possible to produce an anticancer drug using the antisense oligonucleotide loaded with nano-ER, and it can also be used as a co-administered drug with an existing anticancer drug.
- the present invention is characterized in that, as a nucleic acid delivery system, cell-derived nanovesicles are used instead of viral vectors, and/or various nucleic acid-based drugs, especially ASO-based drugs, can be used with high bioavailability.
- the present invention can distribute the nucleic acid-based drug into the intracellular fluid by loading the nucleic acid-based drug on cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum.
- cell-derived nanovesicles are used as a tool for delivering therapeutic nucleic acids to target cells according to the present invention, it is possible to improve therapeutic efficacy and avoid side effects.
- the present invention as well as cell-derived natural nano-ER, as well as artificial nano-ER can be used as a nucleic acid delivery system.
- cell-derived nanoendoplasmic reticulum formulations are of major interest, so when using stem cells as parental cells, cord blood stem cell-derived natural Alternatively, it is preferable to use artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum, and it is preferable to use cells suitable for the disease to be treated other than stem cells when the intrinsic property of stem cells, such as promoting regeneration, affects the proliferation of cancer cells.
- Stem cell exosome itself has the effect of promoting the proliferation and migration of other cells, so it also promotes the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Nevertheless, surprisingly, unlike the increase in the proliferative and migratory abilities of cancer cells when treated with exosomes derived from cord blood stem cells alone, when combined with exosomes derived from cord blood stem cells and anti-cancer substances that inhibit the proliferative and migratory abilities of cancer cells, It was found that the proliferation and migration of cancer cells were reduced (FIGS. 8 and 9).
- exosomes derived from umbilical cord blood stem cells are five times greater than exosomes derived from other tissues.
- Inflammatory substances secreted by inflammatory cells are closely related to the proliferation, survival, and induction of metastasis of cancer cells. This is because it stimulates the immune system, disrupts the adaptive immune response, and alters responsiveness to hormones and drugs.
- cord blood stem cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum according to the present invention can be used in a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer, and can be used as a drug delivery system (DDS) for preventing or treating cancer.
- DDS drug delivery system
- cell-derived natural nano-endoplasmic reticulum is an extracellular endoplasmic reticulum (Extracellular Vesicles) or exosomes (exosomes, 30 to 200 nm in size).
- Extracellular endoplasmic reticulum is a nano-sized endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by a lipid bilayer secreted by all cells to the external environment for intercellular information exchange.
- extracellular vesicles have a membrane and a lumen and have the same membrane topology as cells
- various membrane proteins can be expressed through genetic manipulation, and drugs can be relatively accurately delivered to target cells or tissues.
- various drugs can be loaded into the membrane and lumen of the extracellular endoplasmic reticulum. When a drug is loaded into the lumen, it can be safely delivered to target cells. Because it has the same membrane as the cell, it is possible to deliver drugs to the lumen through membrane fusion.
- extracellular vesicles are cell-derived, immunogenicity is low.
- extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are known to have a very low risk of immunogenicity. Therefore, it contributes to increasing the lifespan of extracellular vesicles and increasing the bioavailability of loaded drugs.
- MSC mesenchymal stem cells
- the extracellular endoplasmic reticulum contains various substances showing biological activity, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites, and its components are different depending on the type and state of cells from which it is derived. Although there are components commonly detected in the extracellular endoplasmic reticulum, there are also components detected specifically for cell types.
- Mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles contain more phosphatidylserine, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and GM3 ganglioside than cells derived from mammalian cells.
- Lipids present in the extracellular vesicle contribute to the production, stability, and function of the extracellular vesicle.
- Phosphatidylserine is involved in the formation of extracellular vesicles, and cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and GM3 ganglioside increase the stability of extracellular vesicles as a whole.
- extracellular vesicles derived from cancer cells promote angiogenesis through sphingomyelin.
- RNAs present in the extracellular endoplasmic reticulum in a similar degree to the cell from which they originate, but there are also specific RNAs present in a higher amount in the extracellular endoplasmic reticulum than in the cell from which they originate. can be inferred.
- Extracellular vesicles can perform physiological functions and deliver to specific cells or tissues. Therefore, it can be used as a disease treatment, drug delivery, and vaccine.
- extracellular vesicles are not living cells, they can be stored and transported for a long time. And, since it does not divide, the concern about the occurrence of tumors in the case of mammalian-derived extracellular vesicles is low.
- Extracellular endoplasmic reticulum uptake is highly efficient due to membrane proteins such as tetraspanin, fibronectin, and proteoglycan, but can also be tailored to target cells.
- Extracellular vesicles enriched in vascular cell adhesion molecule 1- and integrin ⁇ 4 enhance nanovesicle docking and uptake through endothelial cells.
- extracellular endoplasmic reticulum can cross the blood-brain barrier in a bidirectional manner via transcytosis (endocytosis followed by multivesicular body formation and release on the other side) or junctions between endothelial cells.
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated transport appears to be very effective and can release higher amounts of therapeutic agents into tumors, reducing the amount in the blood and reducing side effects.
- Extracellular vesicles have functional utility in delivering therapeutic agents. Signals can be sent through a variety of modalities by activating receptors on the cell surface, delivering content to the interior of the cytoplasm, delivering hydrophilic molecules to the interior, and delivering lipophilic molecules in the lipid bilayer and amphiphilic molecules on the surface.
- Natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum may be secreted or prepared from cells.
- Nanovesicle is an expression for a substance in the form of a sac with a diameter in the unit of nanometers. Exosomes can be cited as a representative material of the nano-endoplasmic reticulum, and it is in the spotlight as a bio-friendly drug delivery system that can replace cell therapy agents.
- Exosomes secreted from adult stem cells have been extensively studied to show excellent efficacy in the regeneration of surrounding cells and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Nanoendoplasmic reticulum-based formulations are critical to the success of clinical translation.
- the amount of naturally secreted extracellular vesicles is limited. Therefore, treatment using artificial nano-ER as an extracellular mimetic has been attempted.
- Artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum is made in the form of exosomes by crushing the cells themselves, and has the advantage of being able to efficiently load drugs during the process of forming nano-ERs in addition to solving the problem of mass production, which is the biggest drawback of exosomes.
- Methods for producing artificial nanovesicles include sequential extrusion or repetitive extrusion using a porous membrane.
- the present invention can produce artificial nano-ER by utilizing a high pressure homogenizer or a high pressure homogenizer (Nano Disperser).
- the diameter of small cells is around 20 ⁇ m, and their movement in the body is limited.
- exosomes due to their small size, they can pass through the cerebrovascular membrane, and thus have the advantage of being able to deliver internal active ingredients to all parts of the body. Therefore, if the cell itself is used and pulverized to the size of an exosome, it is possible to secure the advantage of being able to reach all parts of the body while containing a high content of active ingredients within the cell.
- cells which are the basic structural and active units of organisms, can be cultured in vitro and used in pharmaceuticals, tissue engineering, and the development of therapeutics. Since cells have characteristics of adapting to the surrounding environment, even in the same cell type, adhesion, growth, migration, differentiation, etc. of the cells may vary depending on the culture environment. Furthermore, stem cells, which have recently attracted great attention in relation to the field of regenerative medicine, can induce differentiation into desired cells and promote growth by applying appropriate stimuli during cultivation.
- the artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum contains various molecular components (eg, proteins and RNA) of the cell from which the artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum is derived. Therefore, the protein composition in the artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum can be variously controlled according to the culture conditions of the cells from which the artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum is derived (eg, molecular signals received by the cells during culture).
- the artificial nano-ER produced from stem cells according to the present invention has a unique lipid bilayer structure and can provide a large amount of nano-sized artificial nano-ER, and because it contains a large amount of various growth factors in the artificial nano-ER, fibroblast cells It can exert tissue regeneration and anti-aging effects, increase in collagen synthesis, and wound healing effects through proliferation and activation of
- Methods for loading drugs into the nano-endoplasmic reticulum can be classified into three major categories.
- the first is to utilize an ultracentrifuge, which is placed in a solvent. It is a method that induces the drug to enter the endoplasmic reticulum by centrifugal force.
- the second method uses electroporation, and when the charge on the outside of the membrane is instantaneously induced to become negative and the charge on the inside of the membrane becomes positive, a hole is formed in the membrane and the drug is introduced into the endoplasmic reticulum through the hole.
- the drug suspended in the suspension is naturally incorporated into the endoplasmic reticulum sphere.
- the anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based drug includes an ASO-based drug in which part or all of at least one base in the nucleotide sequence is modified with a phosphorothioate and/or 2'-O-methyl group. can do.
- ASO targets the DNA sequence of ASO to the mRNA sequence of a specific gene and induces degradation of the corresponding site, thereby preventing the translation process from proceeding and inducing loss of function. Since its function was first revealed in 1978, 4 trillion drugs based on ASO have been approved by the US FDA. However, due to the nucleotide structure of 8-50 base pairs, the safety in the body is weak, and the usability compared to the efficacy as a drug is low.
- the 2' hydroxyl (OH) can be chemically modified to enhance the potency and pharmacological properties of ASOs. This may increase the binding affinity to the target mRNA and thus reduce the overall length of the ASO.
- PMO neutral phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer
- PNA peptide nucleic acid
- Nucleic acid-based drugs loaded into the cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum of the present invention may be mRNAs, miRNAs, rRNAs, tRNAs, and DNAs in addition to the above-described ASO.
- nucleic acid-based drugs include natural or artificially synthesized nucleic acids as well as modified nucleic acids.
- the mRNAs delivered through the cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum of the present invention may increase the expression of the protein encoded by the mRNAs in the target cell, and when miRNAs are delivered, the mRNAs targeted by the miRNAs in the target cell. expression may also decrease.
- RNA-based therapy due to its high selective specificity for target RNA or DNA, targets non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) involved in suppressing the expression of human and viral genes, regulating mRNA splicing, and regulating epigenetics, which are not applicable to drugs, and targeting genes It selectively enables tasks such as increase in the number of genes, expression of genes, and genome editing. These parts are therapeutic actions in a form that could not be realized through small molecule inhibitors or antibodies. Also, RNA-based therapies are the only ones with the advancing ability to keep pace with cancer mutations and epidemic viral infections. Second-generation RNA chemistry technologies greatly improve the stability of RNA therapeutics, reduce unintended side effects, and maximize pharmacological activity towards the target.
- ncRNA non-coding RNAs
- the type of drug that can be loaded into the nano-ER is not limited. It is also possible to mount ASOs targeting cancer-related genes other than Galectin-3 along with chemical anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin or 5-FU, which have been traditionally used. Specific gene-targeting siRNAs whose efficacy has already been proven through extensive in vitro experiments can also be used. In addition, it is possible to mount miRNA series that regulate gene expression.
- the exosomes can be used as a drug delivery system.
- siRNA targeting the cancer gene KRAS G12D can be introduced into exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells by electroporation.
- Exosomes can be made based on genetically engineered cells to deliver exosomes specifically to specific cells or to put specific mRNAs into exosomes.
- a protein fused with a peptide that binds to 'integrin ⁇ V', a marker of breast cancer cells is put into exosomes, and drugs that can kill cancer cells, such as doxorubicin, are added to exosomes. or by fusing an RNA-binding portion to CD63, an exosome marker protein, to package mRNA into exosomes and deliver specific mRNAs through exosomes.
- the cell origin of the natural or artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum of the present invention is a cell line (e.g., HEK293 cells, etc.).
- MSCs are the main source of natural or artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum production of the present invention for clinical trials.
- MSC-derived extracellular vesicles can be easily scalable and safe for patients.
- Types of stem cells include embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and dedifferentiated stem cells, among which adult stem cells are extracted from blood, bone marrow, fat, etc., and are free from ethical problems unlike embryonic stem cells.
- Adult stem cells are cells in an undifferentiated state that differentiate into cells of a specific tissue when needed.
- Adult stem cells may be mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, or multipotent stem cells, but are not limited thereto.
- Mesenchymal stem cells secrete various growth factors and cytokines, such as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, to produce collagen and fibroblasts from fibroblasts. It plays an important role in regeneration by promoting the production of ronectin and elastin.
- MSCs Mesenchymal stem cells
- adipocytes chondrocytes
- osteoblasts muscle cells
- cardiac tissue e.g., adipocytes
- endothelial or epithelial cells e.g., adipocytes
- chondrocytes chondrocytes
- osteoblasts muscle cells
- cardiac tissue e.g., adipocytes
- endothelial or epithelial cells e.g., fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, fibroblasts,
- adult stem cells Unlike embryonic stem cells extracted from human embryos, adult stem cells have the advantage of avoiding ethical disputes because they are extracted from already grown body tissues such as bone marrow or brain cells.
- adult stem cells may be derived from umbilical cord, umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, fat, muscle, nerve, skin, amnion, or placenta, but are not limited thereto.
- Exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells or dendritic cells have physiological activity by themselves and are being sought for use for therapeutic purposes.
- mesenchymal stem cells exhibiting repair or regeneration activity of damaged tissue is due to growth factors transmitted from mesenchymal stem cells through exosomes rather than mesenchymal stem cells themselves. It has been reported that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are effective in treating graft-versus-host diseases, which are side effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
- Bone marrow and adipose-derived stem cells are extracted from donors by an invasive method, whereas umbilical cord blood stem cells are extracted from umbilical cord blood discarded after childbirth.
- stem cells When utilizing stem cells for the production of natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum of the present invention, they may be secreted or prepared from cord blood stem cells. Unlike adipose or bone marrow-derived adult stem cells, umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells have the advantage that there is no difference in efficacy depending on the donor's condition because they use umbilical cord blood formed during the donor's gestational cycle (40 weeks).
- Cord blood mesenchymal stem cells contain various growth factors such as EGF, VEGF, TGF, HGF, FGF, IGF and PDGF. Therefore, growth factors such as EGF, which are loaded in artificial nanovesicles produced from cord blood mesenchymal stem cells, promote proliferation of fibroblasts, and promote cell migration and collagen synthesis.
- exosomes isolated from cord blood contain the most regenerative and anti-inflammatory factors.
- Anti-inflammatory substances contained in exosomes derived from umbilical cord blood stem cells reach 5 times that of exosomes derived from other tissues.
- Nano-endoplasmic reticulum produced according to the present invention can be formulated in various ways depending on the purpose of use.
- the formulation of cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum loaded with a nucleic acid-based drug according to the present invention can be concentrated, gelated, freeze-dried, and reconstituted in an aqueous solution without significantly changing its properties.
- Drug nanoformulations hold remarkable potential to efficiently deliver therapeutic agents to diseased sites.
- artificial nanocarriers mostly liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, show limited applications due to unfavorable pharmacokinetics and rapid clearance from the blood circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES).
- RES reticuloendothelial system
- many of them have high cytotoxicity, low biodegradability, and cannot cross biological barriers including the blood-brain barrier.
- Cell-derived natural or artificial nano-ER used as a drug delivery system in the present invention has high bioavailability, excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity.
- Cell-derived natural or artificial nano-ER used as a drug delivery system in the present invention can deliver nucleic acid-based drugs loaded thereon to target tissues, cells and organs. Similar to artificial nanocarriers, the cell-derived natural or artificial nanovesicles of the present invention can improve basic properties of free nucleic acid-based drugs, such as stability and solubility, and protect nucleic acid-based drugs from degradation in the bloodstream. In addition, it can be protected from degrading enzymes outside the cell.
- the membrane of the cell-derived natural or artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum of the present invention is a relatively rigid lipid bilayer, it can provide sustained and long-term release of the integrated nucleic acid-based drug.
- the cell-derived natural or artificial nanovesicles of the present invention can pass through biological barriers including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and thus are particularly useful for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- the cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum of the present invention has low immunogenicity and low cytotoxicity. Therefore, the cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum of the present invention is preferably prepared as an isolated autologous cell.
- the cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum of the present invention can be designed to exert a tissue orientation that enables migration to specific cell types or inflammatory tissues.
- the natural or artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum of the present invention may have a unique biological activity that reflects its origin, that is, the parental cell, which may provide additional therapeutic efficacy to integrated nucleic acid-based drugs.
- the biological activities of natural or artificial nanovesicles secreted/prepared from various types of cells are vast and promising.
- the cell-derived natural or artificial nanovesicles of the present invention be prepared according to the characteristics of the disease to be treated. Do.
- the main function of the respiratory system is to deliver oxygen by supplying blood containing oxygen to the whole body. Respiration occurs through the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the respiratory system first through the nose and mouth, then enters the chest cavity through the larynx and trachea. Inside the thoracic cavity, the trachea divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi. Each bronchus is further divided to form a twig-like shape. The bronchi, which enter directly into the lungs, further divide into many bronchioles, at the ends of which connect into tiny sacs called alveoli.
- alveoli which are air sacs surrounded by capillaries.
- the total cross-sectional area of the alveoli is 70 to 90 m2, which is about 50 times the total cross - sectional area of the skin in our body.
- Pulmonary surfactant a combination of phospholipids and proteins secreted by type II alveolar cells, weakens the hydrogen bonding force between water molecules and sufficiently lowers the surface tension, so surface tension usually causes alveolar collapse. do not cause
- epithelial tissue is to surround the inner surface and inner surface of organs.
- Epithelial tissue is a layered array of cells densely arranged in one or several layers.
- Epithelial tissue surrounds organs or covers the inner surface of hollow organs or body cavities.
- Epithelial tissue always has a apical surface exposed to the outside of the body or inside the body cavity, and the opposite basal surface is connected to other tissues by a non-cellular basement membrane.
- Epithelial tissue provides a covering that separates one tissue from another and separates the body from the external environment.
- the structure of epithelial tissue has a close relationship with its function.
- the alveoli of the lungs and the glomeruli of the kidneys, it is a single-layer squamous epithelial tissue in which flat cells are arranged in a single layer, and performs filtration and diffusion functions, and the alveolar epithelial tissue of the lung facilitates gas exchange very thin (FIG. 16).
- cell-derived natural or artificial nanovesicles loaded with nucleic acid-based drugs can be directly delivered to the alveoli through the trachea (airway) by inhalation through the mouth/nose, and after intravenous administration It can also be delivered to the alveoli through the capillaries.
- Cancer is a group of abnormal cells (cancer cells) caused by mutations in normal cells in the body. Cancer cells proliferate chaotically, escaping from the control of the normal control mechanism in the human body. In addition, it metastasizes to other organs (normal tissues), repeats proliferation, and eventually damages the functions of the organs (tissues).
- the cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum loaded with a nucleic acid-based drug can reduce the proliferation and/or migration ability of target cells, particularly cancer cells, as well as oral or nasal inhalation or intravenous injection.
- Lung cancer through the intravenous injection route of administration, lung cancer through inhalation, and especially non-small cell lung cancer can be intensively prevented or treated.
- Inhalation occurs when air or other gases enter the lungs.
- Inhalation through the oral or nasal cavity causes rapid absorption of the drug through the large surface area of the airway mucosa and lung epithelium, and exhibits a rapid effect almost identical to that of intravenous injection.
- cell-derived natural or artificial nanovesicles loaded with nucleic acid-based drugs can be directly transported locally to the site of action, thereby minimizing systemic side effects.
- the inhalation route of administration shows rapid absorption and immediate effect, so that the dose can be titrated and the local effect targeted to the lungs is exhibited. Therefore, lower doses may be used compared to oral or parenteral doses.
- the cell-derived natural or artificial nano-ER loaded with a nucleic acid-based drug can be formulated in a gaseous state or in a state dispersed in an aerosol.
- an aerosolized metered container (called an inhaler) may be used, or gas administration may be used.
- the lung cancer treatment containing cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum loaded with a nucleic acid-based drug can solve the limitation that the drug acts throughout the body, reducing the therapeutic effect and causing serious side effects by using exosomes. there is.
- the pharmaceutical composition may further include pharmaceutically acceptable concentrations of salts, buffers, preservatives, compatible carriers, and/or other (ie, secondary) therapeutic agents.
- Each component of the pharmaceutical composition must be in a pharmaceutically acceptable form.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a pharmaceutically acceptable substance, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent or encapsulating material used to carry or transport prophylactically or therapeutically active agents. get involved Each carrier must be “acceptable” in that it is compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and is not injurious to the subject.
- materials that can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; glycols such as propylene glycol; polyols such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; distilled water for injection; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol; phosphate buffer solution; and other non-toxic compatible substances used in pharmaceutical formulations.
- sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose
- glycols such as propylene glycol
- polyols such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol
- esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate
- buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide
- distilled water for injection is
- the pharmaceutical composition may be formulated for the treatment of lung diseases. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical composition may further include other therapeutic agents (secondary agents) that may be used to treat lung diseases.
- therapeutic agent refers to any agent that can be used for the prevention, treatment and/or management of lung diseases such as those discussed herein. These include, but are not limited to, surfactants, inhaled nitric oxide, almitrin bismesylate, immunomodulators, and antioxidants. Examples of immunomodulators include steroids and corticosteroids, such as but not limited to methylprednisolone. Examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to, superoxide dismutase.
- the second agent may be a pulmonary surfactant.
- a "pulmonary surfactant” is a mixture of lipoproteins useful for keeping the lung airways open (eg, by preventing alveolar walls from sticking together).
- Pulmonary surfactants include phospholipids such as dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), phosphotidylcholine (PC), phosphotidylglycerol (PG); cholesterol; and proteins such as SP-A, B, C and D.
- Lung surfactants may be derived from naturally occurring sources, such as bovine or porcine lung tissue.
- Lung surfactants can also be synthetic.
- ExosurfTM Consisting of DPPC with hexadecanol and tyloxapol
- PumacantTM or Artificial Lung Expansion Compound (ALEC) (consisting of DPPC and PG)
- KL-4 Consisting of DPPC, palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol, palmitic acid, and a synthetic peptide mimicking SP-B
- VenticuteTM includes Lung surfactants can be obtained from commercial suppliers.
- an “effective amount” is that amount of an agent that achieves a desired outcome.
- the absolute amount will depend on a variety of factors, including the substance selected for administration, whether administration is a single dose or multiple doses, and individual patient parameters including age, physical condition, size, weight, and stage of disease. These factors are well known to those skilled in the art and can be addressed with no more than routine experimentation.
- an effective amount is a dosage of an agent that does not cause toxicity to a subject. In one embodiment, an effective amount is a dosage of an agent that reduces toxicity to a subject.
- Methods for measuring toxicity are well known in the art (e.g., biopsy/histology of liver, spleen and/or kidney; alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin assays for liver toxicity; and for renal toxicity). creatinine level).
- the effective amount level depends on the type and severity of the subject, age, sex, type of disease, activity of the drug, sensitivity to the drug, time of administration, route of administration and excretion rate, duration of treatment, factors including drugs used concurrently, and other medical disciplines. It can be determined according to known factors. In addition, the effective amount may vary depending on the route of treatment, the use of excipients and the possibility of use with other agents, as recognized by those skilled in the art.
- Treat” or “treatment” includes, but is not limited to, preventing, reducing or arresting the occurrence of a disease, reducing or eliminating symptoms of a disease, or preventing a disease.
- Subjects include, but are not limited to, rodents such as rats or mice, dogs, cats, horses, cows, pigs, sheep, goats, turkeys, chickens, and primates such as monkeys, humans or vertebrates. will mean an animal or mammal.
- the methods of the present disclosure are useful for treating a subject in need of treatment.
- a subject in need of treatment may be a subject at risk of developing a disease (ie, through genetic testing) or a subject with a disease.
- a composition comprising cell-derived natural or artificial nanovesicles loaded with a nucleic acid-based drug is administered to a subject as a bolus dose.
- a "bolus dose” refers to a single administration of discrete amounts of a medicament, drug or other compound to achieve a therapeutically effective level.
- repeated administration of the nucleic acid-based drug-loaded nano-ER is contemplated, including administration of 2, 3, 4, 5 or more of the nano-ER loaded with the nucleic acid-based drug.
- the nano-ER loaded with the nucleic acid-based drug may be administered continuously.
- Repeated or continuous administration may take several hours (eg, 1-2, 1-3, 1-6, 1-12, 1-18, or 1-24 hours), several days (eg, 1-24 hours) depending on the severity of the condition being treated. eg, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6 days, or 1-7 days) or several weeks (eg, 1-2 weeks, 1-3 weeks, or 1 -4 weeks).
- the time between administrations may be several hours (eg, 4 hours, 6 hours, or 12 hours), several days (eg, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days). , 5 days, or 6 days), or several weeks (eg, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, or 4 weeks). The time between administrations may be the same or different.
- Nanovesicles loaded with nucleic acid-based drugs can be administered by any route that achieves delivery to the lungs or other tissues.
- Systemic routes of administration are suitable, such as intravenous bulk single injection or continuous infusion. More direct routes are contemplated, such as intranasal administration, intratracheal administration (eg, via intubation), and inhalation (eg, via an aerosol through the mouth or nose), particularly where rapid action is desired. may be appropriate
- An aerosol is a suspension of a liquid dispersed as small particles in a gas, and includes fine mists or sprays containing such particles. Aerosolization is the process of producing an aerosol by converting a liquid suspension into small particles or droplets.
- the nebulizer may be, for example, an air jet (i.e., pneumatic pressure) using a suitable propellant such as, but not limited to, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. ), ultrasonic and vibrating mesh nebulizers.
- a suitable propellant such as, but not limited to, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
- a suitable propellant such as, but not limited to, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
- a suitable propellant such as, but not limited to, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetra
- Capsules and cartridges, for example of gelatin, for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing nanovesicles loaded with lyophilized nucleic acid based drug and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
- Nanovesicles loaded with nucleic acid-based drugs can be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, including when systemic delivery is desired, for example, large single injections or continuous infusions.
- Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, eg, in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with or without the added preservative.
- the composition may take the form of an aqueous suspension, solution or emulsion in an oily or aqueous vehicle, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
- Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides.
- Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran.
- the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents which increase solubility.
- nanovesicles loaded with nucleic acid-based drugs may be lyophilized or in other powder or solid form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, eg, sterile distilled water for injection, prior to use.
- agents administered to a subject treated according to the present disclosure may be administered by any suitable route, including oral administration, intranasal administration, intratracheal administration, inhalation, intravenous administration, and the like.
- suitable route including oral administration, intranasal administration, intratracheal administration, inhalation, intravenous administration, and the like.
- a person of ordinary skill in the art would be aware of common routes of administration for such secondary agents.
- the nanovesicles loaded with the nucleic acid-based drug can be used immediately or, alternatively, stored for a short and/or long term, eg cryopreservation prior to use.
- Proteinase inhibitors are typically included in the freezing medium as they provide nanovesicular integrity during long-term storage. Freezing under -20 °C is not preferred because it is associated with increased loss of nano-ER activity. Rapid freezing at -80°C is more preferred because it preserves activity.
- additives to the freezing medium may be used. Such additives are similar to those used for cryopreservation of intact cells and may include, but are not limited to, DMSO, glycerol and polyethylene glycol.
- the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention are typically prepared for parenteral administration, i.e., bolus, intravenous, and intratumoral injection, in unit dose injectable form with a pharmaceutically acceptable parenteral vehicle.
- Cell-derived natural or artificial nanovesicles loaded with a nucleic acid-based drug having a desired degree of purity are optionally mixed in the form of a lyophilized preparation or aqueous solution with pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, carriers, excipients or stabilizers.
- natural or artificial nanovesicles loaded with antisense oligonucleotides inhibit the proliferation and migration of cancer cells and exhibit characteristics of increasing drug sensitivity when administered in combination with conventional chemotherapy.
- cell-derived natural or artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum is a modality that is expected to be able to be produced at a relatively low price while taking advantage of the strengths of cell therapy products, and to target cancer cells with a completely different mechanism from existing immuno-anticancer drugs.
- FIG. 1 is a graph analyzing the decrease in Galectin-3 gene expression in a lung cancer cell line (A549) upon treatment with Galectin-3 ASO.
- FIG. 2 is a graph analyzing the decrease in Galectin-3 protein expression in lung cancer cell line (A549) upon treatment with Galectin-3 ASO.
- FIG. 3 is a graph confirming that cell proliferation of lung cancer cell lines is reduced upon treatment with Galectin-3 ASO and a photograph taken after staining cells to confirm that cell migration is inhibited.
- Figure 5 is a photograph taken after analysis to confirm whether the Galectin-3 ASO is loaded into the nano-endoplasmic reticulum by electrophoration and porous membrane cell extrusion, and then the degree of efficiency.
- Figure 6 is a graph for the method and results of securing a purely ASO-loaded nano-ER by purifying non-loaded ASO after loading Galectin-3 ASO in the nano-ER.
- FIG. 7 is a graph confirming that Galectin-3 gene expression is reduced in a lung cancer cell line (A549) when artificial nano-ER loaded with Galectin-3 ASO is treated.
- Figure 8 is a photograph taken after staining proliferating cells to confirm that the cell proliferation ability of lung cancer cells is reduced after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded umbilical cord blood stem cell exosomes and artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum; And it is a graph confirming the cell proliferation ability of lung cancer cells after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded exosomes and artificial nano-ER.
- Figure 9 is a photograph taken after staining the migrated cells to confirm that the cell migration ability of lung cancer cells is reduced after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded umbilical cord blood stem cell exosomes and artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum; And it is a graph confirming the cell migration ability of lung cancer cells after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded exosomes and artificial nano-ER.
- Figure 10 is a photograph taken after staining proliferating cells to confirm that the cell proliferation ability of lung cancer cells is reduced after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded HEK293 cell exosomes and artificial nano-ER; And it is a graph confirming the cell proliferation ability of lung cancer cells after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded exosomes and artificial nano-ER.
- Figure 11 is a photograph taken after staining the migrated cells to confirm that the cell migration ability of lung cancer cells is reduced after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded HEK293 cell exosomes and artificial nano-ER; And it is a graph confirming the cell migration ability of lung cancer cells after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded exosomes and artificial nano-ER.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of ASO that induces loss of gene function by binding to and degrading mRNA of a target gene (Science 27 Mar 2020; vol.367, Issue 6485).
- Figure 13 shows a 4-billion-year-old lipid bilayer protective film that prevents RNA invasion.
- Figure 14 is a chart summarizing the characteristics and disadvantages of each method of loading the drug in the nano-ER.
- 15 is a schematic diagram showing the structure and function of the respiratory system.
- 16 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of alveoli.
- Galectin 17 shows the function of Galectin, which is highly expressed in lung cancer cells and promotes cancer cell proliferation and metastasis (Chang WA, 2017, Oncology Letters).
- Figure 18 is the result of confirming the organ of accumulation in the body after intravenous administration of extracellular vesicles (Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 11;9(1):10041).
- Target site Site 1 cat gat gcg tta tct ggg tc Site 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2) ggc cac tga ttg tgc ctt at Site 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) act ggg gaa ggg aag aa ga
- nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3 were prepared by randomly selecting three places among the entire Galectin-3 coding sequence, nucleotide sequences in other regions besides SEQ ID NOs 1 to 3 among the entire Galectin-3 coding sequences were used to generate Galectin -3 ASO production is possible.
- Exosomes isolated from the cell culture medium of cord blood stem cells were purified and concentrated using ultra-high-speed centrifugation (50,000-150,000 xg, 1-3 h). After counting exosomes through Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, 1 ⁇ 4x10 ⁇ 10 were diluted in 100 ⁇ l of Invitrogen Neon TM R buffer. 100-1,000 pmol of Galectin-3 ASO was added to 100 ⁇ l of prepared exosomes. Electroporation transfection was performed using an Invitrogen Neon TM Electroporator under conditions of 100 ⁇ l of exosomes, 1000-2000 V, 5-20 ms, and 1-3 pulses. Residual ASO was removed through IZON qEV original size exclusion chromatography (SEC) purification.
- SEC original size exclusion chromatography
- Cord blood stem cells in culture were harvested using TrypLE and washed twice with PBS. After cell counting, cell suspension was prepared by resuspension in PBS to 1 ⁇ 10x10 ⁇ 5 cells/ml. Galectin-3 ASO was added to the cell suspension to a concentration of 100 to 1,000 pmol/ml. Using an Avanti mini extruder, 1 ml of the cell suspension was extruded using a 0.1 to 0.8 ⁇ m Whatman TM Membrane Filter. The cells were extruded and pulverized by reciprocating a total of 2 to 10 times. The extruded and pulverized sample was purified and concentrated using an ultra-high-speed centrifuge (50,000-150,000 xg, 1-3 h). Residual ASO was removed through IZON qEV original size exclusion chromatography (SEC) purification.
- SEC original size exclusion chromatography
- A549 cells a non-small cell lung cancer cell line, were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Primocin TM (100 ⁇ g/ml) in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 incubator. The medium was replaced every 2 to 3 days, and subculture was performed when the cells reached 80% of the bottom area of the culture dish.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- Primocin TM 100 ⁇ g/ml
- A549 cells were seeded in a culture dish at 4,000 to 8,000 cells/cm2 and cultured for 24 hours in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 incubator. Incorporation of 100 ⁇ 1,000 pmol Galectin-3 ASO into cells was induced using Lipofectamine. After culturing for 24 to 48 hours in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 incubator, the cells were washed with PBS and cells were collected using TrypLE. After removing the supernatant by centrifuging the cells, the cell pellet was resuspended in PBS and centrifuged to remove the supernatant.
- the synthesized A579 cDNA was subjected to real-time PCR with the primers in Table 2 to confirm the expression level of Galectin-3.
- GAPDH a kind of house keeping gene, was used as a loading control.
- Galectin-3 ASO prepared with the nucleotide sequence of Table 1 works normally and reduces the gene expression of Galectin-3 in lung cancer cells
- lung cancer cells are treated with ASO and analyzed using the nucleotide sequence of Table 2.
- Galectin-3 gene expression in the lung cancer cell line A549 was reduced by Galectin-3 ASO treatment (FIG. 1).
- Galectin-3 protein expression in the lung cancer cell line A549 was reduced by the treatment with Galectin-3 ASO (FIG. 2).
- Figure 2 confirms the level of protein expression on the 1st and 4th days after ASO treatment, and it was confirmed that the protein expression was suppressed for a long period of time for more than 4 days after Galectin-3 ASO treatment, confirming that the drug was sufficiently functioning.
- A549 cells were seeded in a culture dish at 4,000 to 8,000 cells/cm2 and cultured for 24 hours in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 incubator. After removing all the existing culture medium, 100-1,000 pmol Galectin-3 ASO was induced to enter cells using Lipofectamine in 1% FBS medium. Cells were counted after 24 hours and 48 hours of culture in an incubator at 37°C and 5% CO 2 .
- Example 5 As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the cell proliferation ability of the lung cancer cell line A549 was reduced by the treatment with Galectin-3 ASO (Fig. 3 left). In the case of Example 5 (FIG. 2), it was confirmed that the amount of protein expression decreased by the treatment with Galectin-3 ASO, and it can be seen that the reduction in cell proliferation and migration ability was induced as a result of the decrease in protein expression.
- the graph of FIG. 3 is a relative comparison of the degree of cell proliferation, and the degree of cell proliferation of the experimental group is compared with the degree of proliferation of the control group set to “1”, rather than quantification of cell numbers.
- H-358 is one of the same non-small cell lung cancer lines as A549, and as shown in Figure 3, Galectin-3 ASO does not specifically react only to the A549 cell line, but also shows the same efficacy in other non-small cell lung cancer lines. It showed that it can be used in general non-small cell lung cancer.
- A549 cells were seeded at 0.5-2 x 10 ⁇ 4 cells/well into insert wells in a trans-well and cultured in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 incubator for 24 hours. After removing all the existing culture medium, 100 ⁇ 1,000 pm Galectin-3 ASO was induced into cells using Lipofectamine in a serum-free medium condition. After culturing for 2 hours in an incubator at 37°C, 5% CO 2 , 500 ⁇ l of RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and Primocin TM (100 ⁇ g/ml) was dispensed to the lower plate of the insert well. After culturing for 48 hours in an incubator at 37°C and 5% CO 2 , crystal violet staining was performed. Cells migrating to the opposite side of the insert well membrane were observed under an optical microscope.
- Example 8 Analysis of sensitivity to cancer cells after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO
- A549 lung cancer cells were attached to the culture dish at a cell count of 2 ⁇ 10 x 10 ⁇ 4 cell/cm 2 , and then influx into the cells was induced using Lipofectamine with Galectin-3 ASO at a concentration of 100 ⁇ 1,000 pmol. After 24 hours of treatment with 10-50 uM Cisplatin, the degree of apoptosis was confirmed using a Live & Dead Assay Kit 24 hours later through a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 9 Analysis of Galectin-3 gene expression in lung cancer cells after treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum
- A549 cells were seeded in a culture dish at 4,000 to 8,000 cells/cm2 and cultured for 24 hours in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 incubator. The next day, 0.5 ⁇ 2 x 10 ⁇ 9 artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum loaded with Galectin-3 ASO were treated. Galectin-3 gene expression was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 4 after culturing for 24 hours in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 incubator.
- Galectin-3 gene expression in the lung cancer cell line A549 was reduced by treatment with Galectin-3 ASO-loaded artificial nano-ER (FIG. 7).
- FIG. 1 is a result of confirming the level of Galectin-3 gene expression in cells after injecting Galectin-3 ASO into cells using lipofectamine reagent without loading nano-ER.
- Lipofectamine reagent has a function of artificially inducing liposome formation so that the substance can be introduced into cells, but it is impossible to use in the actual drug production process due to inherent toxicity and processing problems. Therefore, through the results of Figure 1, it is primarily confirmed that Galectin-3 ASO has a normal function, and in the case of Figure 7, Galectin-3 ASO is loaded into artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum naturally without treatment with reagents such as Lipofectamine. This is the result of confirming the effect of inhibiting the expression of Galectin-3 after being introduced into the cell.
- Example 10 Effects of umbilical cord blood stem cell exosomes without or with Galectin-3 ASO and artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum on proliferation and migration of lung cancer cell line (A549)
- Exosome Cord blood stem cell exosome treatment group
- GAL-3 Exosome Cord blood stem cell exosome treatment group loaded with Galectin-3 ASO
- ANV umbilical cord blood stem cell artificial nano endoplasmic reticulum treatment group containing nothing
- GAL-3 ANV Cord blood stem cell artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum treatment group containing Galectin-3 ASO
- A549 cells were seeded in a culture dish at 4,000 to 8,000 cells/cm2 and cultured for 24 hours in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 incubator. After removing all the existing culture medium, 0.5 to 2 x 10 ⁇ 9 exosomes and artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum were treated with 1% FBS medium. Cells were counted after 24 hours and 48 hours of culture in an incubator at 37°C and 5% CO 2 .
- FIG. 8 compares the relative values for the cell proliferation rate.
- Galectin-3 ASO was loaded on both exosomes and artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum made by crushing cells to confirm the efficacy. Confirmed.
- A549 cells were seeded at 0.5-2 x 10 ⁇ 4 cells/well into insert wells in a trans-well and cultured in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 incubator for 24 hours. After removing all the existing culture medium, 0.5 ⁇ 2 x 10 ⁇ 9 exosomes and artificial nano-ER were treated in serum free medium conditions. After culturing for 2 hours in an incubator at 37°C, 5% CO 2 , 500 ⁇ l of RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and Primocin TM (100 ⁇ g/ml) was dispensed to the lower plate of the insert well. After culturing for 48 hours in an incubator at 37°C and 5% CO 2 , crystal violet staining was performed. Cells migrating to the opposite side of the insert well membrane were observed under an optical microscope.
- cord blood stem cell exosomes and artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum that do not contain Galectin-3 ASO, they promote the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cell lines according to the inherent characteristics of stem cells that promote the proliferation and migration of surrounding cells.
- cord blood stem cell exosomes and artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum loaded with Galectin-3 ASO have stem cell-specific properties (promotion of cell proliferation/migration) by inhibiting Galectin-3 gene expression (promotion of proliferation/migration of non-small cell lung cancer).
- Example 11 Effects of exosomes and artificial nano-endoplasmic reticulum of HEK293 cells without or with Galectin-3 ASO on proliferation and migration of lung cancer cell line (A549)
- Non-Treat (NC): Experimental group not treated with anything (Negative control)
- Control_ANV Artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum derived from HEK293 cells containing nothing
- GAL-3_ANV Artificial nanoendoplasmic reticulum derived from HEK293 cells loaded with Galectin-3 ASO
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Abstract
Description
No. | Target site |
Site 1(서열번호 1) | cat gat gcg tta tct ggg tc |
Site 2(서열번호 2) | ggc cac tga ttg tgc ctt at |
Site 3(서열번호 3) | act ggg gaa ggg aag aaa ga |
Gene | Primer Sequence |
Galectin-3 | F- GTCCGGAGCCAGCCAAC R- AGGCCATCCTTGAGGGTTTG |
GAPDH | F- GGGTGTGAACCATGAGAA R- GTCTTGGGGTGGCAGTGAT |
Claims (16)
- 안티센스 올리고뉴클레오타이드(anti-sense oligonucleotide, ASO) 기반 약물을 탑재시킨 세포 유래 자연 또는 인공 나노소포체를 함유하는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- Galectin-3 표적 핵산 약물이 탑재된 세포 유래 자연 또는 인공 나노소포체를 함유하는 약학 조성물.
- 핵산 기반 약물이 탑재된 세포 유래 자연 또는 인공 나노소포체를 함유하는 것이 특징인 구강 또는 비강 흡입 (Inhalation)용 또는 정맥주사용 약학 조성물.
- 핵산 기반 약물이 탑재된 제대혈 줄기세포 유래 자연 또는 인공 나노소포체를 함유하는 것이 특징인 암 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 자연 또는 인공 나노소포체는 인간 배아 신장 세포 또는 제대혈 줄기세포에서 분비 또는 준비된 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, ASO 기반 약물 또는 핵산 기반 약물은 염기서열 중 적어도 하나의 염기(base) 일부 또는 모두가 phosphorothioate 및/또는 2'-O-methyl 기로 수정된 ASO 기반 약물인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 암 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제1항, 제3항 또는 제4항에 있어서, ASO 기반 약물 또는 핵산 기반 약물은 Galectin-3 표적인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, ASO 기반 약물 또는 핵산 기반 약물은 Galectin-3 표적화로 서열번호 1 ~ 3 중 어느 하나 이상의 서열을 사용하여 설계된 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제1항, 제2항 또는 제4항에 있어서, 구강 또는 비강 흡입 (Inhalation)용 또는 정맥주사용 제형인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 폐암 예방 또는 치료용 인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 비-핵산 기반 약물과 병용 투여되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 타겟 세포의 증식능 및/또는 이동능을 감소시키는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 병용 투여되는 항암제에 대한 감수성을 증가시키는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- Galectin-3 코딩 서열(coding sequence, CDS) 내 염기서열을 사용하여 설계된 것이 특징인 Galectin-3 표적화 안티센스 올리고뉴클레오타이드(anti-sense oligonucleotide, ASO).
- 제15항에 있어서, 서열번호 1 ~ 3 중 어느 하나 이상의 서열을 사용하여 설계된 것이 특징인 Galectin-3 표적화 안티센스 올리고뉴클레오타이드(ASO).
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US20190054192A1 (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-02-21 | City University Of Hong Kong | ISOLATION OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EVs) FROM RED BLOOD CELLS FOR GENE THERAPY |
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US20190054192A1 (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-02-21 | City University Of Hong Kong | ISOLATION OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EVs) FROM RED BLOOD CELLS FOR GENE THERAPY |
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KIM SUJIN: "[Interview] Primoris,"The only company in Korea that has both exosome and drug delivery technology" ", BIOTIMES, 27 May 2022 (2022-05-27), XP093018202, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:www.biotimes.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=7923> [retrieved on 20230126] * |
LEE UI-JEONG: " [BioS Letter] Developing ASO, Global Approval & Development Status?", BIOS LETTER, 12 January 2021 (2021-01-12), XP093018206, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:www.biospectator.com/view/news_view.php?varAtcId=12265> [retrieved on 20230126] * |
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