WO2023276903A1 - ウインドシールド - Google Patents
ウインドシールド Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023276903A1 WO2023276903A1 PCT/JP2022/025397 JP2022025397W WO2023276903A1 WO 2023276903 A1 WO2023276903 A1 WO 2023276903A1 JP 2022025397 W JP2022025397 W JP 2022025397W WO 2023276903 A1 WO2023276903 A1 WO 2023276903A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- windshield
- glass plate
- wedge angle
- region
- line
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 12
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UNNGUFMVYQJGTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylbutanal Chemical compound CCC(CC)C=O UNNGUFMVYQJGTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanal Chemical compound CCCCCCC=O FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=O NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFZQOKHLXAVJIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;boric acid;dihydroxy(dioxido)silane Chemical compound [Zn+2].OB(O)O.O[Si](O)([O-])[O-] ZFZQOKHLXAVJIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
- G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects
- G02B2027/0121—Parasitic image effect attenuation by suitable positioning of the parasitic images
Definitions
- the present invention relates to windshields.
- a windshield that uses a head-up display (HUD) device is wedge-shaped to prevent double images. Further, in Patent Document 1, when a plurality of grid points are specified in a display area by a HUD device projected onto a windshield and the wedge angle at each grid point is measured, the maximum and minimum values of the wedge angle are A windshield has been proposed in which the difference in .DELTA. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of double images even when the display area is enlarged.
- the glass plate is formed so that the thickness of the upper end is thicker than the lower end, so that the first main surface and the second main surface form a wedge angle ⁇ , Y is the vertical height of the entire display area including all of the plurality of display areas;
- S_Center the range of the wedge angle ⁇ in the first region between a line 0.15Y upward and a line 0.15Y downward from the line passing through the vertical center of both sides of the entire display region;
- the range of the wedge angle ⁇ in the second region between the upper side of the entire display region and a line 0.3Y downward from the upper side is S_Upper, Let S_Lower be the range of the wedge angle ⁇ in the third area between the lower side of the entire display area and a line 0.3Y upward from the lower side, A windshield that satisfies S_
- Section 2. The windshield according to item 1, wherein the plurality of display areas are configured to overlap in the vertical direction.
- Item 3. The windshield according to Item 1 or 2, which is curved in a horizontal direction so as to be convex outward from the vehicle.
- Section 4. Having a plurality of regions with different radii of curvature in the horizontal direction, Item 4.
- Item 5. The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 4, which is curved in the vertical direction so as to protrude outward from the vehicle.
- Item 6. having a plurality of regions with different radii of curvature in the vertical direction, Item 6.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1; It is a sectional view showing an example of a manufacturing method of an intermediate film.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG. 3; FIG. 4 is a plan view of a mold used for manufacturing the windshield; It is the schematic which shows the manufacturing process of a windshield. It is a sectional view showing a HUD device and a windshield. It is a sectional view showing a HUD device and a windshield. It is a front view which shows three display areas by a HUD device.
- FIG. 3 shows a grating used for measuring double images; FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing acceptable wedge angles for suppressing double images measured in the upper region;
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a graph showing acceptable wedge angles for suppressing double images measured in the central region;
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a graph showing acceptable wedge angles for suppressing double images measured in the lower region;
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing allowable wedge angles for three display areas;
- FIG. It is a front view which shows three display areas. It is a front view which shows three display areas.
- FIG. 4 is a front view showing the position of the display area on the windshield;
- the windshield according to the present embodiment is used for displaying information by projecting light emitted by a HUD (head-up display) device.
- HUD head-up display
- FIG. 1 is a front view of the windshield according to this embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
- the windshield according to the present embodiment includes an outer glass plate 1 facing the vehicle exterior, an inner glass plate 2 facing the vehicle interior, and these glass plates. and an intermediate film 3 disposed between 1 and 2, and the cross section as a whole is formed in a wedge shape (wedge angle ⁇ ).
- a shielding layer 4 is laminated on the windshield.
- the wedge angle is exaggerated from the actual one for convenience of explanation. Each member will be described below.
- the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 can be made of known glass plates, and can be made of heat-absorbing glass, general clear glass, green glass, or UV green glass. However, these glass plates 1 and 2 must achieve visible light transmittance that meets the safety standards of the countries where automobiles are used.
- the outer glass plate 1 can ensure a necessary solar absorptivity, and the inner glass plate 2 can be adjusted so that the visible light transmittance satisfies safety standards. Examples of clear glass, heat-absorbing glass, and soda-lime-based glass are shown below.
- the composition of the heat-absorbing glass is, for example, based on the composition of the clear glass, the ratio of total iron oxide (T-Fe 2 O 3 ) converted to Fe 2 O 3 is 0.4 to 1.3% by mass, and CeO 2 is 0 to 2% by mass, the ratio of TiO 2 is 0 to 0.5% by mass, and the framework components of the glass (mainly SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 ) are T—Fe 2 O 3 and CeO. 2 and TiO 2 increments.
- the outer glass plate 1 is formed in a trapezoidal shape and has an upper side (short side) 11, a lower side (long side) 12 longer than the upper side 11, a right side 13, and a left side 14.
- the upper side 11 is arranged on the upper side
- the right side 13 and the left side 14 are arranged on the right side and the left side, respectively, when viewed from the inside of the vehicle.
- the inner glass plate 2 is similarly formed in a trapezoidal shape and has an upper side 21, a lower side 22, a right side 23, and a left side 24.
- the inner glass plate 2 also has a first surface 201 facing the vehicle exterior and a second surface 202 facing the vehicle interior, and has an end surface connecting the first surface 201 and the second surface 202 . That is, in this embodiment, both the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 are formed in a flat plate shape.
- the intermediate film 3 described above is arranged between the second surface 102 of the outer glass plate 1 and the first surface 201 of the inner glass plate 2 .
- the thickness of the windshield according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of weight reduction, the total thickness of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 is preferably 2.4 to 5.0 mm. , 2.6 to 4.6 mm, and particularly preferably 2.7 to 3.2 mm.
- the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 can be determined as follows.
- the outer glass plate 1 mainly requires durability and impact resistance against external obstacles, and requires impact resistance against flying objects such as pebbles. On the other hand, the larger the thickness, the greater the weight, which is not preferable. From this point of view, the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is preferably 1.8 to 2.3 mm, more preferably 1.9 to 2.1 mm. Which thickness to use can be determined according to the use of the glass.
- the thickness of the inner glass plate 2 can be made equal to that of the outer glass plate 1, but for example, the thickness can be made smaller than that of the outer glass plate 1 in order to reduce the weight of the windshield. Specifically, considering the strength of the glass, it is preferably 0.1 to 2.3 mm, preferably 0.8 to 2.0 mm, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.4 mm. preferable. Further, it is preferably 0.8 to 1.3 mm. Which thickness to use for the inner glass plate 2 can also be determined according to the use of the glass.
- the shapes of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 according to this embodiment are curved shapes. That is, it is curved so as to protrude out of the vehicle in the horizontal direction. Moreover, in this curve, the radius of curvature in the horizontal direction is not constant, and has a plurality of regions with different radii of curvature. For example, the windshield can have a smaller radius of curvature at both ends and a larger radius of curvature in the central portion.
- this windshield is also curved in the vertical direction so that it protrudes outside the vehicle.
- the radius of curvature in the vertical direction is not constant, and has a plurality of regions with different radii of curvature.
- the upper portion of the windshield may have a smaller radius of curvature and the lower portion may have a larger radius of curvature.
- the measurement positions are two points above and below a center line extending vertically from the center of the windshield in the horizontal direction.
- the measuring instrument is not particularly limited, for example, a thickness gauge such as SM-112 manufactured by Teclock Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the curved surface of the windshield is placed on a flat surface, and the edge of the windshield is held between the thickness gauges.
- the intermediate film 3 is formed in a trapezoidal shape like the two glass plates 1 and 2 .
- the intermediate film 3 has a first surface 301 facing the vehicle exterior and a second surface 302 facing the vehicle interior, and the first surface 301 and the second surface 302 are connected. It has an end face.
- the end face on the upper side is called an upper end face 311 and the end face on the lower side is called a lower end face 312 .
- the intermediate film 3 is formed in a wedge shape such that the thickness decreases from the upper end surface 311 to the lower end surface 312 .
- the wedge angle ⁇ between the first surface 301 and the second surface 302 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 0.02 to 0.18 mrad, and further 0.05 to 0.15 mrad. be able to.
- the intermediate film 3 is formed of at least one layer.
- it can be composed of three layers in which a soft core layer 31 is sandwiched between harder outer layers 32 .
- it is not limited to this configuration, and may be formed of a plurality of layers having a core layer 31 and at least one outer layer 32 arranged on the outer glass plate 1 side.
- a two-layer intermediate film 3 including a core layer 31 and one outer layer 32 arranged on the side of the outer glass plate 1, or an even number of outer layers 32 having two or more layers on both sides of the core layer 31.
- the intermediate film 3 may be arranged, or the intermediate film 3 may be arranged with the odd-numbered outer layers 32 on one side and the even-numbered outer layers 32 on the other side with the core layer 31 interposed therebetween.
- the intermediate film 3 may be arranged with the odd-numbered outer layers 32 on one side and the even-numbered outer layers 32 on the other side with the core layer 31 interposed therebetween.
- the hardness of the core layer 31 is not particularly limited as long as it is softer than the outer layer 32 .
- the material forming the layers 31 and 32 is not particularly limited, but the outer layer 32 can be made of, for example, polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB). Polyvinyl butyral resin is preferable because it is excellent in adhesion to each glass plate and penetration resistance.
- the core layer 31 can be made of, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate resin (EVA) or polyvinyl acetal resin that is softer than the polyvinyl butyral resin that makes up the outer layer.
- the hardness of a polyvinyl acetal resin is controlled by (a) the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol as a starting material, (b) the degree of acetalization, (c) the type of plasticizer, and (d) the addition ratio of the plasticizer. can be done.
- the hardness of the polyvinyl acetal resin can also be controlled by the type of aldehyde used for acetalization, co-acetalization with multiple types of aldehydes or pure acetalization with a single type of aldehyde. Although it cannot be generalized, polyvinyl acetal resins obtained using aldehydes with a large number of carbon atoms tend to be softer.
- the core layer 31 contains aldehydes having 5 or more carbon atoms (for example, n-hexylaldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-heptylaldehyde, A polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by acetalizing n-octyl aldehyde) with polyvinyl alcohol can be used.
- a predetermined Young's modulus it is not limited to the above resins.
- the total thickness of the intermediate film 3 is not particularly specified, but is preferably 0.3 to 6.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and more preferably 0.6 to 2.0 mm. It is particularly preferred to have Also, the thickness of the core layer 31 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm. On the other hand, the thickness of each outer layer 32 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Alternatively, the thickness of the core layer 31 can be adjusted while the total thickness of the intermediate film 3 is constant. The above thickness is the thickness of the thickest portion of the wedge-shaped intermediate film 3 .
- the thicknesses of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 can be measured, for example, as follows. First, a cross section of the windshield is displayed by magnifying it by 175 times using a microscope (for example, VH-5500 manufactured by Keyence Corporation). Then, the thicknesses of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 are visually identified and measured. At this time, in order to eliminate variations due to visual observation, the number of measurements is set to 5, and the average value is taken as the thickness of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 .
- the total thickness of the intermediate film 3 is not particularly specified, but is preferably 0.3 to 6.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and more preferably 0.6 to 2.0 mm. It is particularly preferred to have Also, the thickness of the core layer 31 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm. On the other hand, the thickness of each outer layer 32 is preferably larger than the thickness of the core layer 31, and specifically, preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. is more preferred. Alternatively, the thickness of the core layer 31 can be adjusted while the total thickness of the intermediate film 3 is constant.
- the thicknesses of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 can be measured, for example, as follows. First, a cross section of the windshield is displayed by magnifying it by 175 times using a microscope (for example, VH-5500 manufactured by Keyence Corporation). Then, the thicknesses of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 are visually identified and measured. At this time, in order to eliminate variations due to visual observation, the number of measurements is set to 5, and the average value is taken as the thickness of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 . For example, an enlarged photograph of the windshield is taken, and the thickness of the core layer and outer layer 32 is specified and measured.
- the method for producing the intermediate film 3 is not particularly limited. and a method of laminating two or more resin films prepared by this method by a press method, lamination method, or the like.
- the resin film before lamination used in the method of lamination by pressing, lamination, or the like may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
- the intermediate film 3 can be formed of a single layer instead of being formed of a plurality of layers as described above.
- the intermediate film 3 according to the present embodiment is formed so that the bottom side becomes longer by stretching the molded intermediate film 3 having a rectangular shape in plan view with a roller.
- this treatment will be referred to as stretching treatment and will be described in detail.
- the intermediate film before stretching is called the intermediate film before stretching
- the intermediate film after stretching is called the intermediate film after stretching.
- the stretching process is performed by passing the pre-stretching intermediate film between two conical rollers 91 and 92 .
- the upper roller is called the first roller 91 and the lower roller is called the second roller 92 .
- the axial ends of the rollers 91 and 92 having a larger diameter are referred to as first ends 911 and 921, and the axial ends having a smaller diameter are referred to as second ends 912 and 922.
- the first roller 91 and the second roller 92 are arranged so that the rotation axes G1 and G2 are parallel.
- the first end portions 911 and 921 and the second end portions 912 and 922 of both rollers 91 and 92 are arranged on the same side.
- a gap 900 is formed between the rollers 91 and 92 that is narrow on the first end 911 and 921 side and wide on the second end 912 and 922 side.
- the intermediate film before stretching is passed between these rollers 91 and 92, as shown in FIG.
- the pre-stretching intermediate film is stretched.
- the stretched intermediate film 3 having a trapezoidal shape in plan view is formed.
- the cross section of the stretched intermediate film 3 is thicker on the first end portions 911 and 921 side and thicker on the second end portions 912 and 921 side.
- the 922 side becomes thinner.
- the intermediate film 3 having a thick upper end surface 311 and a thin lower end surface 312 is formed.
- Shielding layer> As shown in FIG. 1, a shielding layer 4 is laminated on dark-colored ceramic such as black on the periphery of the windshield. The shielding layer 4 blocks the view from inside or outside the vehicle, and is laminated along the four sides of the windshield.
- the shielding layer 4 can take various forms, for example, only the inner surface of the outer glass plate 1 , only the inner surface of the inner glass plate 2 , or the inner surface of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner surface of the inner glass plate 2 . It can also be made of ceramics and various other materials, and can have the following composition, for example. *1, Main ingredients: copper oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide and manganese oxide *2, Main ingredients: bismuth borosilicate, zinc borosilicate
- the ceramic can be formed by the screen printing method, but in addition to this, it is also possible to make it by transferring the transfer film for firing to a glass plate and firing it.
- screen printing for example, polyester screen: 355 mesh, coat thickness: 20 ⁇ m, tension: 20 Nm, squeegee hardness: 80 degrees, mounting angle: 75 degrees, printing speed: 300 mm / s.
- a ceramic can be formed by drying at 150° C. for 10 minutes.
- Windshield manufacturing method> Next, a method for manufacturing the windshield will be described. First, a production line for glass plates will be described.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of the mold.
- this mold 800 has a frame-like mold main body 810 that roughly matches the outer shapes of the two glass plates 1 and 2 . Since this mold body 810 is formed in a frame shape, it has an internal space 820 penetrating therethrough in the vertical direction. Then, the peripheral edge portions of both flat glass plates 1 and 2 are placed on the upper surface of the mold body 810 . Therefore, heat is applied to the glass plates 1 and 2 through the internal space from a heater (not shown) arranged on the lower side. As a result, the two glass plates 1 and 2 are softened by heating and bent downward by their own weight. A shielding plate 840 for shielding heat may be arranged on the inner peripheral edge of the mold body 810 , thereby adjusting the heat received by the glass plates 1 and 2 . Moreover, the heater can be provided not only below the molding die 800 but also above it.
- FIG. 6 is a side view of the furnace through which the molds pass;
- the shielding layer 2 is laminated on the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 before bending.
- the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 are superimposed and passed through a heating furnace 802 while being supported by the mold 800 as shown in FIG.
- both the glass plates 1 and 2 are bent downward from the peripheral edges due to their own weight, and formed into curved surfaces.
- the two glass plates 1 and 2 are transferred from the heating furnace 802 to the slow cooling furnace 803 and subjected to slow cooling. After that, both glass plates 1 and 2 are taken out of the slow cooling furnace 803 and allowed to cool.
- the intermediate film 3 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 .
- the intermediate film 3 has a slightly larger shape than the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 .
- the outer edge of the intermediate layer 3 protrudes from the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 .
- the end portion of the intermediate film 3 on the thicker side is arranged on the upper side of both the glass plates 1 and 2 .
- the laminated body in which both the glass plates 1 and 2 and the intermediate film 3 are laminated is placed in a rubber bag and pre-bonded at about 70 to 110°C while being vacuumed and sucked.
- Other pre-bonding methods are possible, and the following method can also be adopted.
- the laminate is heated at 45-65° C. in an oven.
- this laminate is pressed with rolls at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa.
- this laminate is heated again in an oven at 80 to 105° C. and then pressed again with a roll at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa.
- pre-bonding is completed.
- the pre-bonded laminate is subjected to main bonding in an autoclave, for example, at 8-15 atmospheres and 100-150°C.
- the main adhesion can be performed under the conditions of 14 atmospheres and 135°C.
- the intermediate film 3 is adhered to each of the glass plates 1 and 2 through the above preliminary adhesion and final adhesion.
- a windshield having a cross section as shown in FIG. 2 is manufactured. That is, by using the intermediate film 3 having the wedge angle ⁇ , a windshield with the wedge angle ⁇ is formed.
- a curved windshield can also be manufactured by other methods, for example, press working.
- the HUD device projects information such as vehicle speed onto the windshield.
- information such as vehicle speed onto the windshield.
- a double image is formed by the light projected onto the windshield. That is, the image visually recognized by being reflected by the inner surface (second principal surface) of the windshield and the image visually recognized by being reflected by the outer surface (first principal surface) of the windshield are visually recognized separately. , the image was doubled.
- a windshield with a wedge angle ⁇ like this embodiment is used. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, at least in the display area where light is projected from the HUD device 500, the windshield is formed so that the thickness decreases downward. As a result, the light reflected by the inner surface of the windshield (the second surface 202 of the inner glass plate 2) and entering the vehicle interior and the light reflected by the outer surface of the windshield (the first surface 101 of the outer glass plate 1) are reflected into the interior of the vehicle. The double image is eliminated because the light incident on the .
- the HUD device 500 can switch the display area in three steps according to the eye level of the driver. That is, the display area can be switched by changing the irradiation angle of the light from the HUD device 500 to the windshield.
- these three display areas are called an upper area 501, a central area 502, and a lower area 503.
- FIG. The display areas 501 to 503 shown in FIG. 9 are viewed from the outside of the vehicle and all have the same size. These three display areas 501 to 503 are aligned vertically and overlap each other.
- the lower portion of the upper region 501 and the upper portion of the lower region 503 overlap each other, and the central region 502 is arranged between the upper region 501 and the lower region 503 . Therefore, a region where the three regions 501 to 503 overlap is arranged inside the central region 502 .
- the display areas 501-503 are arranged on the right side of the windshield when viewed from the front. That is, display areas 501 to 503 are arranged in front of the driver for a right-hand drive vehicle (see FIG. 17).
- the windshield is curved in the horizontal direction as described above, when viewed from the front, as shown in FIG. It slopes down from left to right.
- the locations where the display areas 501 to 503 are provided are preferably locations with large radii of curvature in the horizontal and vertical directions. For example, preferably near the horizontal center of the windshield and at the bottom vertically.
- the graph in FIG. 11 shows the simulation results for the upper region 501, where the horizontal axis indicates the vertical position on the windshield and the vertical axis indicates the wedge angle.
- the permissible wedge angles of lines 1 to 6 increase from 1 to 6 in each row of A to G arranged in the vertical direction. That is, in the upper region 501, the allowable wedge angle range increases from the left side to the right side (pillar side) as viewed from the inside of the vehicle.
- the range of allowable wedge angles decreases from row A to row G arranged in the vertical direction. That is, within the upper region 501, the range of allowable wedge angles decreases toward the bottom.
- the upper limit value of the allowable wedge angle is the smallest at the location where the line G-1 is arranged.
- Figure 12 shows the simulation results for the central area and Figure 13 for the lower area.
- the central region 502 and the lower region 503 also show the same tendency as the upper region 501 .
- the lower limit of the allowable wedge angle is the maximum at the point where the line A-6 is arranged.
- Fig. 14 is an arrangement of Figs. 11 to 13. According to the figure, it can be seen that the allowable wedge angle range increases from the upper region 501 to the lower region 503 . 14, the allowable wedge angle common to all the display areas 501 to 503 has an upper limit of the wedge angle on line G-1 in the upper area and a lower limit on line A-6 in the lower area. is a corner. Therefore, by setting the wedge angle within this range (hereinafter referred to as the limited allowable wedge angle), it is possible to suppress the occurrence of double images in all the display areas 501 to 503 .
- the limited allowable wedge angle the limited allowable wedge angle
- the range of allowable wedge angles is narrow, it is not easy to manufacture a windshield with such a wedge angle.
- the area where this limited allowable wedge angle is required is the area including G-1 and A-6 in the vertical direction, and the area where the three display areas 501 to 503 overlap (hereinafter referred to as (referred to as the restricted area).
- the restricted area the area where the three display areas 501 to 503 overlap.
- the allowable wedge angle range is larger than the limited allowable wedge angle range. Therefore, in order to suppress the occurrence of double images in all the display areas 501 to 503, it is not necessary to satisfy the limited allowable wedge angle in all the display areas 501 to 503. It should be enough. Therefore, the inventors set the allowable wedge angle as follows.
- Y be the vertical length of an area including all the display areas 501 to 503 (hereinafter referred to as the total display area).
- a line X passing through the midpoints R1 and R2 of both sides of the entire display area is defined. Lines 15Y apart are defined, and the area between them is defined as a first area 701 .
- a second region 702 is defined as a region between a line passing through the upper side of the entire display area and a line parallel to the upper side and spaced downward from the upper side by 0.3Y.
- a third area 703 is defined as an area between a line passing through the lower edge of the entire display area and a line parallel to the lower edge and separated upward from the lower edge by 0.3Y.
- S_Center, S_Upper, and S_Lower are the allowable wedge angle ranges in the first region 701, the second region 702, and the third region 703, respectively. I knew I should.
- Fig. 17 is a diagram showing the left side of the windshield as viewed from the outside of the vehicle.
- the wedge angle of the portion of the intermediate film 3 located in the first region 701 should be strictly controlled. That is, the wedge angle of the intermediate film 3 in this portion should be S_Center.
- the wedge angles of the second region 702 and the third region 703 are wider than S_Center, strict control is not required.
- the intermediate film 3 originally has variations in film thickness, and this variation causes the surface of the intermediate film 3 to undulate. And this swell remains even after assembling the windshield. Therefore, for example, if the windshield is assembled so that the portion of the intermediate film 3 with the least undulation is located in the first region 701, the above formulas (1) and (2) can be satisfied.
- each of the display areas 501 to 503 is about 120 mm
- the width is about 100 mm
- the vertical height of the portion where the upper area 501 and the lower area 503 overlap is about 64 mm
- Y is about 177 mm.
- S_Center can be, for example, 0.05 mrad or more and 0.10 mrad or less as a specific allowable wedge angle range in which the amount of deviation due to double images is within 2 mm.
- S_Upper can be, for example, 0.15 mrad or more and 0.45 mrad or less.
- S_Lower can be, for example, 0.20 mrad or more and 0.55 mrad or less. However, these are merely examples, and it is sufficient that at least the above formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied.
- the upper limit of the amount of deviation due to double images is set to 2 mm, but it is not particularly limited and can be set as appropriate according to requirements. Therefore, if a windshield that satisfies the above formulas (1) and (2) can be manufactured in accordance with the set upper limit regardless of the upper limit of the amount of double image shift, double images can be suppressed. .
- each of the regions 701 to 703. a plurality of grid points with a pitch of 20 mm or less are defined in each of the regions 701 to 703.
- the number of grid points depends on the size of each of the regions 701 to 703, the maximum number of grid points to be included in each of the regions 701 to 703 is set.
- the wedge angle of each grid point is measured by an interferometer, and the differences between the maximum and minimum allowable wedge angles in the regions 701 to 703 are defined as S_Center, S_Upper, and S_Lower, respectively.
- each region 701 to 703 is cut in the height direction so that the horizontal direction is roughly divided into five, and each cross section obtained by cutting is three points so that each region 701 to 703 is evenly spaced.
- the wedge angle may be obtained by selecting the height and measuring the height with a microscope.
- the windshield according to the present embodiment can suppress double images in all of the three display areas 501-503.
- the intermediate film 3 it is not necessary to strictly control the wedge angles of the portions arranged in all the display regions 501 to 503, and the narrowest allowable wedge angle range is arranged in the portion where the first region 701 is arranged. Only the wedge angle of the intermediate film 3 is strictly controlled, and the control of the wedge angle of the intermediate film 3 in the other regions 702 and 703 can be looser than that in the first region 701, which facilitates manufacturing.
- the HUD device 500 capable of switching the display area in three stages was described as an example. Even in this case, if the above formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied, double images can be suppressed in the entire display area.
- the intermediate film 3 is formed in a wedge shape. It suffices if it is formed in a wedge shape.
- the shape of the shielding layer 4 is not particularly limited, and various shapes are possible.
- a shielding layer with windows (openings) can be formed so that light can be emitted by a sensor and the outside can be photographed by a camera.
- the laminated glass having the outer glass plate 1, the inner glass plate 2, and the interlayer film 3 was used as the glass plate of the present invention. good.
- Imaging Device 10 Glass Plate 110 Shielding Layer 113 Imaging Window (Opening)
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Abstract
Description
第1主面、及びこれとは反対の第2主面を有し、前記表示領域が形成されるガラス板を備え、
前記ガラス板は、上端部の厚みが下端部よりも厚く形成されることで、前記第1主面と前記第2主面とが楔角αをなすように構成され、
前記複数の表示領域の全てを含む全表示領域の上下方向の高さをY、
前記全表示領域の両側辺の上下方向の中心を通る線から上方へ0.15Y離れた線と下方へ0.15Y離れた線との間の第1領域における楔角αの範囲を、S_Center、 前記全表示領域の上辺と、当該上辺から下方へ0.3Y離れた線との間の第2領域における楔角αの範囲を、S_Upper、
前記全表示領域の下辺と、当該下辺から上方へ0.3Y離れた線との間の第3領域における楔角αの範囲を、S_Lowerとすると、
S_Center<S_Upper、且つS_Center<S_Lowerを充足する、ウインドシールド。
前記表示領域は、水平方向において前記曲率半径の大きい領域に設けられる、項3に記載のウインドシールド。
前記表示領域は、上下方向において前記曲率半径の大きい領域に設けられる、項5に記載のウインドシールド。
以下、本発明に係る自動車のウインドシールドの一実施形態について、図面を参照しつつ説明する。本実施形態に係るウインドシールドは、HUD(ヘッドアップディスプレイ)装置により、照射される光が投影され、情報を表示するために用いられるものである。
まず、外側ガラス板1及び内側ガラス板2から説明する。外側ガラス板1及び内側ガラス板2は、公知のガラス板を用いることができ、熱線吸収ガラス、一般的なクリアガラスやグリーンガラス、またはUVグリーンガラスで形成することもできる。但し、これらのガラス板1、2は、自動車が使用される国の安全規格に沿った可視光線透過率を実現する必要がある。例えば、外側ガラス板1により必要な日射吸収率を確保し、内側ガラス板2により可視光線透過率が安全規格を満たすように調整することができる。以下に、クリアガラス、熱線吸収ガラス、及びソーダ石灰系ガラスの一例を示す。
SiO2:70~73質量%
Al2O3:0.6~2.4質量%
CaO:7~12質量%
MgO:1.0~4.5質量%
R2O:13~15質量%(Rはアルカリ金属)
Fe2O3に換算した全酸化鉄(T-Fe2O3):0.08~0.14質量%
熱線吸収ガラスの組成は、例えば、クリアガラスの組成を基準として、Fe2O3に換算した全酸化鉄(T-Fe2O3)の比率を0.4~1.3質量%とし、CeO2の比率を0~2質量%とし、TiO2の比率を0~0.5質量%とし、ガラスの骨格成分(主に、SiO2やAl2O3)をT-Fe2O3、CeO2およびTiO2の増加分だけ減じた組成とすることができる。
SiO2:65~80質量%
Al2O3:0~5質量%
CaO:5~15質量%
MgO:2質量%以上
NaO:10~18質量%
K2O:0~5質量%
MgO+CaO:5~15質量%
Na2O+K2O:10~20質量%
SO3:0.05~0.3質量%
B2O3:0~5質量%
Fe2O3に換算した全酸化鉄(T-Fe2O3):0.02~0.03質量%
中間膜3は、両ガラス板1,2と同様に、台形状に形成されている。また、図2に示すように、中間膜3は、車外側を向く第1面301及び車内側を向く第2面302を有しており、これら第1面301及び第2面302を連結する端面を有している。ここでは、上辺側の端面を上端面311、下辺側の端面をした下端面312と称することとする。そして、中間膜3は、上端面311から下端面312にいくにしたがって、厚みが小さくなるような楔形に形成されている。第1面301と第2面302とのなす楔角αは、特には限定されないが、例えば、0.02~0.18mradとすることができ、さらには、0.05~0.15mradとすることができる。
図1に示すように、このウインドシールドの周縁には、黒などの濃色のセラミックに遮蔽層4が積層されている。この遮蔽層4は、車内また車外からの視野を遮蔽するのであり、ウインドシールドの4つの辺に沿って積層されている。
*2,主成分:ホウケイ酸ビスマス、ホウケイ酸亜鉛
次に、ウインドシールドの製造方法について説明する。まず、ガラス板の製造ラインについて説明する。
次に、HUD装置について説明する。HUD装置は、ウインドシールドに、車速等の情報を投射するものである。しかしながら、このHUD装置を用いると、ウインドシールドに投影された光により、二重像が形成されることが知られている。すなわち、ウインドシールドの内面(第2主面)で反射することで視認される像と、ウインドシールドの外面(第1主面)で反射することで視認される像とが別々に視認されるため、像が二重になっていた。
本発明者は、上述した3つの表示領域501~503と、二重像を抑制できる楔角との関係について、以下の通り検討した。
S_Center<S_Upper (1)
S_Center<S_Lower (2)
以上のように、本実施形態に係るウインドシールドによれば、3つの表示領域501~503の全てにおいて二重像を抑制することができる。このとき、中間膜3において、全ての表示領域501~503に配置される部分の楔角を厳密に制御する必要はなく、最も許容楔角の範囲が狭い第1領域701が配置される部分においてのみ中間膜3の楔角を厳密に制御し、他の領域702,703では第1領域701に比べて中間膜3の楔角の制御を緩めることができるため、製造が容易である。
以上、本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない限りにおいて、種々の変更が可能である。そして、以下に示す複数の変形例は適宜組合わせることが可能である。
上記実施形態では、表示領域を3段階に切り替え可能なHUD装置500を例に説明を行ったが、3段階以外の2段階、あるいは4段階以上に表示領域を切り替え可能なHUD装置500を用いた場合でも、上記式(1)及び式(2)を充足すれば、全ての表示領域において二重像を抑制することができる。
上記実施形態では、中間膜3が楔形に形成されているが、ウインドシールドが全体として楔形に形成されていればよいため、外側ガラス板1、内側ガラス板2、及び中間膜3の少なくとも1つが楔形に形成されていればよい。
遮蔽層4の形状は特には限定されず、種々の形状が可能である。例えば、センサによる光の照射やカメラによる外部の撮影が可能なように、窓(開口)を設けた遮蔽層を形成することもできる。
上記実施形態では、本発明のガラス板として、外側ガラス板1、内側ガラス板2、及び中間膜3を有する合わせガラスを用いたが、これに限定されるものではなく、単板であってもよい。
10 ガラス板
110 遮蔽層
113 撮影窓(開口)
Claims (6)
- 複数の表示領域を上下方向に切替可能なHUD装置が設けられるウインドシールドであって、
第1主面、及びこれとは反対の第2主面を有し、前記表示領域が形成されるガラス板を備え、
前記ガラス板は、上端部の厚みが下端部よりも厚く形成されることで、前記第1主面と前記第2主面とが楔角αをなすように構成され、
前記複数の表示領域の全てを含む全表示領域の上下方向の高さをY、
前記全表示領域の両側辺の上下方向の中心を通る線から上方へ0.15Y離れた線と下方へ0.15Y離れた線との間の第1領域における楔角αの範囲を、S_Center、
前記全表示領域の上辺と、当該上辺から下方へ0.3Y離れた線との間の第2領域における楔角αの範囲を、S_Upper、
前記全表示領域の下辺と、当該下辺から上方へ0.3Y離れた線との間の第3領域における楔角αの範囲を、S_Lowerとすると、
S_Center<S_Upper、且つS_Center<S_Lowerを充足する、ウインドシールド。 - 前記複数の表示領域が上下方向に重複するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のウインドシールド。
- 水平方向において、車外に凸となるように湾曲している、請求項1または2に記載のウインドシールド。
- 水平方向において、曲率半径の異なる複数の領域を有し、
前記表示領域は、水平方向において前記曲率半径の大きい領域に設けられる、請求項3に記載のウインドシールド。 - 上下方向において、車外に凸となるように湾曲している、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のウインドシールド。
- 上下方向において、曲率半径の異なる複数の領域を有し、
前記表示領域は、上下方向において前記曲率半径の大きい領域に設けられる、請求項5に記載のウインドシールド。
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JP2009035444A (ja) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-19 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | ウインドシールドおよびウインドシールド用中間膜 |
JP2020015491A (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-30 | Agc株式会社 | 車両用窓ガラス |
JP6770470B2 (ja) | 2017-03-27 | 2020-10-14 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | ウインドシールド |
JP2020173291A (ja) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-10-22 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイガラス用ガラス素板、及びその製造方法、並びにヘッドアップディスプレイガラスの製造方法 |
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JP2009035444A (ja) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-19 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | ウインドシールドおよびウインドシールド用中間膜 |
JP6770470B2 (ja) | 2017-03-27 | 2020-10-14 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | ウインドシールド |
JP2020015491A (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-30 | Agc株式会社 | 車両用窓ガラス |
JP2020173291A (ja) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-10-22 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイガラス用ガラス素板、及びその製造方法、並びにヘッドアップディスプレイガラスの製造方法 |
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