WO2023276423A1 - Control device for incinerator equipment - Google Patents
Control device for incinerator equipment Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023276423A1 WO2023276423A1 PCT/JP2022/018444 JP2022018444W WO2023276423A1 WO 2023276423 A1 WO2023276423 A1 WO 2023276423A1 JP 2022018444 W JP2022018444 W JP 2022018444W WO 2023276423 A1 WO2023276423 A1 WO 2023276423A1
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- incinerator
- image information
- control device
- feeder
- unit
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013135 deep learning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013136 deep learning model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010801 machine learning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003909 pattern recognition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012887 quadratic function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2207/00—Control
- F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2207/00—Control
- F23G2207/20—Waste supply
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a controller for an incinerator installation.
- This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-107370 filed in Japan on June 29, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Patent Document 1 discloses the following waste incinerator. That is, in the waste incinerator described in Patent Document 1, based on the difference image between the image of the waste before falling into the furnace and the image of the waste after falling into the furnace, the waste actually supplied to the furnace The amount of waste supplied is sensed. Further, in the waste incinerator described in Patent Document 1, when the current value of the waste supply amount is higher than the predetermined supply amount range, the waste supply speed is reduced to the dust collector and the waste is transferred to the grate. Decrease the amount of waste supplied to the grate by issuing a command to reduce the amount of waste supplied to the furnace, and a command to increase the amount of primary air for combustion to promote waste combustion and change the operating conditions. At the same time, control is performed to promote the combustion of waste on the grate and reduce the amount of waste on the grate.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a control device for an incinerator facility that can improve control delays in response to changes in the supply amount of combustible materials such as waste. intended to
- an incinerator facility control device includes a furnace body for burning and conveying materials to be incinerated, and a feeder for supplying the materials to be incinerated to the furnace body.
- an image information acquisition unit for periodically acquiring image information including a receiving port of the furnace body connected to the end of the feeder;
- An image information recognition unit for recognizing whether or not the object to be incinerated protrudes from the furnace main body, and the fact that the object to be incinerated protrudes from the furnace main body continues for a predetermined period of time.
- a supply state determination unit that determines that there is a sign that the incinerator is excessively supplied to the furnace main body when the incineration material is recognized as being excessive.
- control device for the incinerator facility of the present disclosure it is possible to improve the control delay according to the change in the supply amount of the combustible material such as waste.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of incinerator equipment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a control device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates an example infrared image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- 4 is a flow chart showing an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
- 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of incinerator equipment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an infrared image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 5 to 9 are schematic diagrams for explaining an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; In each figure, the same reference numerals are used for the same or corresponding configurations, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of an incinerator facility 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the incinerator installation 100 is a stoker-type refuse incinerator with solid fuel Fg such as municipal solid waste, industrial waste, or biomass.
- solid fuel Fg such as municipal solid waste, industrial waste, or biomass.
- the incinerator facility 100 is not limited to a stoker-type garbage incinerator.
- the incinerator facility 100 includes a hopper 102, a feeder section 104, a combustion chamber 108, an extrusion device 110 (dust supply device), an air supply device 112, a heat recovery boiler 114, and an attenuator. It includes a warm tower 116 , a dust collector 118 and a chimney 120 .
- the combustion chamber 108 is an example of a furnace body that burns and conveys the incinerator according to the present disclosure.
- the extrusion device 110 is an example of a feeder that supplies incinerators to the furnace body according to the present disclosure.
- the feeder portion 104 is a passageway extending toward the combustion chamber 108 .
- the feeder section 104 is configured such that the solid fuel Fg, which is a combustible material such as waste (garbage) thrown into the hopper 102, accumulates. Assuming that the direction in which the solid fuel Fg moves in the incinerator facility 100 is the movement direction W1, the downstream end 121 of the feeder section 104 on the downstream side in the movement direction W1 (the end of the feeder section 104 on the combustion chamber 108 side) is It connects with the inlet 122 of the combustion chamber 108 .
- the extrusion device 110 has an extrusion arm 124 for pushing out the solid fuel Fg accumulated in the feeder section 104 to the combustion chamber 108 through the inlet 122 .
- the pushing arm 124 is configured to be movable in the feeder section 104 from the upstream side to the downstream side in the moving direction W1 and from the downstream side to the upstream side. That is, the pushing arm 124 reciprocates in the feeder section 104 along the extending direction (horizontal direction) of the feeder section 104 .
- the combustion chamber 108 includes a grate 126 (stoker) onto which the solid fuel Fg pushed into the combustion chamber 108 via the inlet 122 falls.
- This grate 126 corresponds to the floor of the combustion chamber 108 .
- the grate 126 is configured to move the solid fuel Fg on the grate 126 away from the inlet 122 (from the upstream side to the downstream side in the movement direction W1).
- Combustion chamber 108 also includes a drying zone 128, a combustion zone 130, and a post-combustion zone 132, which are arranged in order from upstream to downstream in movement direction W1.
- the drying zone 128 dries the solid fuel Fg with heat within the combustion chamber 108 .
- Combustion zone 130 raises flame 131 to burn solid fuel Fg.
- the post-combustion zone 132 completely burns the burnt-out that was not burned out in the combustion zone 130 .
- the solid fuel Fg dried, burned, and post-burned in the combustion chamber 108 becomes ash 135 and discharged outside the incinerator facility 100 .
- the air supply device 112 supplies primary air used for burning the solid fuel Fg and secondary air used for reducing the concentration of unburned gas such as carbon monoxide generated by burning the solid fuel Fg to the combustion chamber 108 .
- the air supply device 112 includes an air supply tube 136 and a blower 138 mounted on the air supply tube 136 .
- a portion of the air flowing through the air supply pipe 136 is supplied as primary air from the fire grate 126 to the lower portion of the combustion chamber 108 via the first flow control valve 140, and the remaining portion is supplied as secondary air.
- the fuel is supplied from the side wall of the combustion chamber 108 to the upper portion of the combustion chamber 108 via the second flow control valve 142 .
- the air supply device 112 functions as a secondary air supply device that supplies secondary air to the upper portion of the combustion chamber 108 . It should be noted that in the exemplary configuration shown in FIG. 1, primary air is provided to each of the dry zone 128, the combustion zone 130, and the post-combustion zone 132 of the combustion chamber 108. As shown in FIG. 1,
- Each of the heat recovery boiler 114, the cooling tower 116, the dust collector 118, and the chimney 120 is provided in the flue 144 of the incinerator facility 100 through which the exhaust gas 143 produced by burning the solid fuel Fg flows.
- the exhaust gas 143 flows through the heat recovery boiler 114, the cooling tower 116, the dust collector 118, and the stack 120 in this order.
- the heat recovery boiler 114 produces steam from the thermal energy of the exhaust gas 143 .
- the temperature reducing tower 116 lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas 143 that has passed through the heat recovery boiler 114 .
- the dust collector 118 collects fly ash contained in the flue gas 143 that has passed through the temperature reducing tower 116 .
- the chimney 120 discharges the exhaust gas 143 that has passed through the dust collector 118 to the outside of the incinerator facility 100 .
- the steam generated by the heat recovery boiler 114 may be configured to be supplied to a steam turbine (not shown).
- the control device 4 applied to the incinerator facility 100 described above is a control device of the incinerator facility 100 having a combustion chamber 108 for burning and conveying the materials to be incinerated, and an extrusion device 110 for supplying the materials to be incinerated to the combustion chamber 108. It is a control device.
- the control device 4 has the following units as a functional configuration composed of a combination of a computer, hardware such as peripheral devices of the computer, and software such as programs executed by the computer.
- control device 4 includes an image information acquisition unit 41, an image information recognition unit 42, a supply state determination unit 43, a combustion air amount control unit 44, a feeder control unit 45, an excess supply detection unit 46, A protrusion amount detection unit 47 , a model learning unit 48 , and a storage unit 49 are provided.
- the storage unit 49 also stores a plurality of trained models 491 and a plurality of image information 492 .
- the image information acquisition unit 41 periodically acquires image information including an image signal representing a feeder vicinity area, which is an area including the feeder unit 104 and the like photographed by the imaging device 2 .
- the image information includes an image signal representing a captured image, information representing the date and time when the image signal was captured, information representing the total stroke length of the pushing arm 124 at the time of shooting (total pushing length of the feeder), and the like. may contain.
- the total stroke length of the push arm 124 is the total length of the push arm 124 moved from upstream to downstream in the W1 direction, starting from the time when an excessive supply of incinerators (also called "dumping") occurs. is.
- the feeder vicinity area is, for example, an area including the front surface Fr of the solid fuel Fg as a target area.
- the imaging device 2 is configured to capture an infrared image (thermal image) of the solid fuel Fg deposited in the feeder section 104 of the incinerator facility 100 before it falls into the combustion chamber 108. ing. An infrared image of the solid fuel Fg captured by the imaging device 2 is sent to the control device 4 in real time. In the exemplary form shown in FIG. 1, the imaging device 2 captures an infrared image of the front surface Fr facing the combustion chamber 108 among the surfaces of the solid fuel Fg before falling into the combustion chamber 108. It is provided at the bottom 145 of the combustion chamber 108 located downstream of the post-combustion region 132 of the combustion chamber 108 in the movement direction W1.
- the imaging device 2 can capture an infrared image of the front surface Fr of the solid fuel Fg protruding from the inlet 122 of the combustion chamber 108 .
- the imaging device 2 may be provided at a location other than the furnace bottom 145 of the combustion chamber 108 as long as the infrared image of the front surface Fr of the solid fuel Fg can be captured.
- the imaging device 2 is, for example, an infrared camera, and detects infrared rays in a predetermined wavelength range with little radiation from the flame 131 .
- the range of the predetermined wavelength band is, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the predetermined wavelength range is 3.8 ⁇ m or more and 4.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the target wavelength range for imaging as an infrared image is 0.8 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m. By passing this wavelength band through a band-pass filter or the like, it is possible to use only a part of the wavelengths as necessary.
- imaging device 2 is not limited to an infrared camera as long as it can capture an infrared image of the front surface Fr of the solid fuel Fg beyond the flame 131 .
- imaging device 2 includes a visible light camera and a filter device that limits transmitted wavelengths incident on the visible light camera to a predetermined wavelength band.
- the image information recognition unit 42 recognizes whether or not the solid fuel Fg in the feeder vicinity area protrudes from the combustion chamber 108 based on the image information acquired by the image information acquisition unit 41 .
- the image information recognition unit 42 uses the learned model 491 to recognize whether or not the solid fuel Fg in the feeder vicinity region protrudes from the combustion chamber 108 .
- the image information recognition unit 42 recognizes whether or not the solid fuel Fg protrudes from the combustion chamber 108 for each divided area obtained by dividing the feeder vicinity area into a plurality of areas. In this case, the learned model 491 is learned for each divided region.
- the learned model 491 is, for example, a deep learning model, and is a model that has been learned in advance by supervised learning with at least image information as an explanatory variable and presence/absence of protrusion of the solid fuel Fg and poor visibility as objective variables. be.
- the learned model 491 for example, inputs at least image information as an explanatory variable, and outputs the presence or absence of protrusion of the solid fuel Fg and poor visibility as objective variables.
- the trained model 491 has, for example, a neural network as an element, and weighting coefficients between neurons in each layer of the neural network are optimized by machine learning so that desired solutions are output for a large amount of input data.
- the trained model 491 is composed of, for example, a combination of a program for performing calculations from input to output and weighting coefficients (parameters) used for the calculations. Also, the learned model 491 is learned for each divided area obtained by dividing the infrared image captured by the imaging device 2 into arbitrary areas, for example.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an infrared image 201 captured by the imaging device 2.
- the image information recognition unit 42 divides the infrared image 201 into three regions, the left region RL, the central region RC, and the right region RR, in a direction orthogonal to the movement direction W1 (the X1 direction), and divides each divided region into , with or without protrusion, or with poor visibility.
- the center region RC is classified as having protrusion
- the left region RL and right region RR are classified as having no protrusion.
- poor visibility corresponds to, for example, an image captured when ash or the like is interposed between the imaging device 2 and the feeder vicinity area.
- the solid fuel Fg is evenly pushed by the extruder 110, but does not drop uniformly into the furnace due to entanglement of dust.
- the dust at the back may get entangled and fall together, and the surface of the dust is not uniform. Therefore, multiple attention areas are provided.
- the learned model 491 can be a determination model based on deep learning that classifies each divided region into whether the dust sticks out, does not, or has poor visibility based on the image information. Driving data may also be used as an explanatory variable for learning.
- the image information may be the image information 492 during actual driving, or may be the past image information 492 .
- the supply state determination unit 43 determines that the solid fuel Fg is excessively supplied to the combustion chamber 108 ( It is determined that there is an omen. Further, when the supply state determination unit 43 continuously recognizes that the solid fuel Fg protrudes from the combustion chamber 108 at least in a plurality of divided regions for a predetermined time, the solid fuel Fg is combusted. It is determined that there is a sign of excessive supply to the chamber 108 . Furthermore, the image information recognizing unit 42 uses a learned model 491 that uses at least the image information as an explanatory variable, and obtains whether or not the solid fuel Fg protrudes, and low visibility as objective variables.
- the supply state determination unit 43 determines as follows. That is, the supply state determination unit 43 continuously recognizes at least that the solid fuel Fg protrudes from the combustion chamber 108 for a predetermined period of time, and the pushing device 110 is pushing the solid fuel Fg. If there is, it is determined that there is an indication that the solid fuel Fg will be excessively supplied to the combustion chamber 108 .
- the supply state determination unit 43 determines whether or not all of the following conditions are satisfied in the predictive determination of a slowdown.
- Condition 1 From the image information divided into 3, there are 2 or more of the 3 divisions with protrusions.
- Condition 2) Occurs continuously for 5 seconds.
- the detection time is, for example, continued for a predetermined time (for example, 60 seconds). This detection time is a standby time until the next predictive determination is performed after the conditions for the predictive determination are met, if a drop (oversupply) does not actually occur. After the conditions for predictive judgment are established, when a drop in supply (oversupply) actually occurs, the next predictive judgment can be performed immediately.
- the predetermined time can be adjusted, for example, according to the average pressing time of one time.
- the supply state determination unit 43 continuously recognizes that the solid fuel Fg protrudes from the combustion chamber 108 for a predetermined period of time, length) is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that there is a sign that the solid fuel Fg will be excessively supplied to the combustion chamber 108 .
- FIG. 5 shows an example of overfeed occurrence probability based on the total stroke length of the extruder 110 .
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the drop occurrence probability with respect to the total stroke length, with the horizontal axis representing the total stroke length and the vertical axis representing the drop occurrence probability. In the example shown in FIG.
- the supply state determination unit 43 determines that the probability of occurrence of excessive supply based on the total stroke length of the extrusion device 110 is less than a predetermined threshold value (for example, 70%) even when all the conditions for the sign determination described above are satisfied. Occasionally, it determines that there are no signs of oversupply.
- the probability of occurrence of oversupply can be approximated by a quadratic function with the total stroke length as a parameter, or can be obtained using a map that defines the correspondence relationship between the total stroke length and the probability of occurrence of oversupply. In the confirmation with the actual machine of the present embodiment, it was not always the case that the dropout occurred after the sign was detected. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the probability of occurrence of a thumping drop with respect to the total stroke length of the feeder is calculated, and this occurrence probability is also used for the prediction judgment, thereby further improving the accuracy of the prediction judgment.
- a predetermined threshold value for example, 70%
- the threshold for the probability of oversupply occurrence may be changed, for example, by the supply state determination unit 43 according to the operating conditions, for example, every predetermined time during operation. Since the probability of occurrence of dizziness changes depending on the quality of dust (dryness, shape, hardness, etc.), the threshold value is changed automatically or manually based on the actual values of detection rate and correct answer rate (wrong answer rate), for example. be able to. Control for suppressing the generation of carbon monoxide at the time of sign detection, which will be described later, is performed, for example, by increasing the supply of secondary air before the drop occurs at the time of sign detection.
- the threshold value may be changed according to the actual driving conditions by balancing the demand for carbon monoxide reduction and the increased risk of nitrogen oxide generation.
- the information indicating the operating conditions is not limited to the information indicating the amount of carbon monoxide generated and the information indicating the amount of nitrogen oxides generated, and includes, for example, information indicating the type of waste, temperature, humidity, and the like. good too.
- the threshold for the probability of oversupply occurrence changes based on information related to the actual combustion state of the incinerator, including at least information indicating the amount of carbon monoxide generated and information indicating the amount of nitrogen oxides generated. is the value to be set.
- the threshold value in this manner, for example, the upper limit value for the amount of carbon monoxide generated and the upper limit value for the amount of nitrogen oxides generated can be controlled with high accuracy.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the false response rate and the detection rate for predictive judgment when the threshold is changed when the predictive judgment based on image recognition and the comparison of the oversupply occurrence probability based on the total stroke length and the threshold are combined. show.
- the wrong answer rate is the ratio of the number of times that no thunder occurs with respect to the total number of predictive judgments.
- the detection rate is the ratio of the number of times the occurrence was predicted to the number of times the drop occurred.
- the combustion air amount control unit 44 controls the air supply device 112 so as to change the supply amount of combustion air based on the determination result of the sign of oversupply by the supply state determination unit 43 .
- This control for example, it is possible to suppress a rapid increase in carbon monoxide that occurs when a sudden drop occurs.
- the combustion air amount control unit 44 performs control to increase the supply amount of the secondary combustion air, thereby reducing oxygen in the furnace. Concentration can be increased. This makes it possible to suppress a rapid increase in the CO concentration.
- the feeder control unit 45 changes at least one of the operating speed and stroke of the extrusion device 110 based on the determination result of the sign of oversupply by the supply state determination unit 43 . For example, when the supply state determination unit 43 determines that there is a sign of oversupply, the feeder control unit 45 slows down the operation speed of the extrusion device 110 and shortens the stroke (moving stroke of the extrusion arm 124). Extruder 110 is controlled as follows. With this control, it is possible to buy (postpone) the time until the next thump occurs, and even if the thump occurs, it is not necessary to stop the dust supply device, so the fuel supply can be continued, and the amount of evaporation is reduced. It becomes possible to suppress the decrease.
- Both the control by the combustion air amount control unit 44 and the control by the feeder control unit 45 may be performed, or only one of them may be performed.
- the control by the combustion air amount control unit 44 and the control by the feeder control unit 45 when it is determined that there is a sign of oversupply is referred to as sign control.
- the oversupply detection unit 46 detects the occurrence of oversupply by monitoring the brightness of the infrared image of the front surface Fr of the solid fuel Fg based on the plurality of infrared images acquired by the image information acquisition unit 41 .
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the brightness of the infrared image of the front face Fr of the solid fuel Fg before falling into the combustion chamber 108, where the vertical axis represents brightness and the horizontal axis represents time.
- t1 and t2 are the times when the oversupply actually occurred. As shown in FIG. 7, at times t1 and t2 when oversupply actually occurs, the brightness of the infrared image of the front surface Fr of the solid fuel Fg is significantly reduced.
- the excessive supply detection unit 46 detects the occurrence of excessive supply, it instructs the extrusion device 110 to stop the operation of the extrusion arm 124 via the feeder control unit 45 .
- the extrusion device 110 stops the operation of the extrusion arm 124 upon receiving the instruction from the feeder control unit 45 . As a result, the supply of solid fuel Fg to combustion chamber 108 is stopped.
- the secondary air supply device 112 (secondary air supply device) supplies the secondary air to the combustion chamber 108 via the combustion air amount control unit 44 . Increase air volume.
- the protrusion amount detection unit 47 detects the protrusion length Lr of the solid fuel Fg that protrudes from the inlet 122 of the combustion chamber 108 toward the combustion chamber 108, as shown in FIG. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the protrusion amount detection unit 47 detects a portion Fr1 located on the most downstream side of the front surface Fr of the front surface Fr of the combustion chamber 108 and the inlet 122 of the combustion chamber 108 in the moving direction W1. The size is detected as the protrusion length Lr.
- the protrusion amount detection unit 47 detects, for example, the protrusion length Lr for each divided area based on the imaging information of the protrusion amount detection imaging device 28 capable of photographing the solid fuel Fg from above.
- the model learning unit 48 performs image processing such as pattern recognition for each divided area on the infrared image acquired by the image information acquiring unit 41, recognizes whether or not visibility is poor, and determines whether visibility is poor. Then, the divided area is classified as poor visibility. In addition, when the infrared image acquired by the image information acquisition unit 41 is not recognized as having poor visibility, the model learning unit 48 calculates the following for each divided region based on the protrusion length Lr detected by the protrusion amount detection unit 47. Then, the partial area is classified as having protrusion or without protrusion. Then, the model learning unit 48 saves the recognition result as image information 492 , and re-learns the trained model 491 using the image information 492 when, for example, a predetermined amount of image information 492 is accumulated.
- image processing such as pattern recognition for each divided area on the infrared image acquired by the image information acquisition unit 41, recognizes whether or not visibility is poor, and determines whether visibility is poor. Then, the divided area is classified as
- the control device 4 determines whether or not the predictive time control is being performed (S1). If the predictive time control is not being performed (S1: NO), the image information acquisition unit 41 acquires image information by photographing the inside of the furnace with the imaging device 2 (infrared camera) (S2). Next, the image information recognition unit 42 divides the image of the feeder vicinity area into meshes (S3). Next, the image information recognizing unit 42 determines whether or not there is protrusion or poor visibility for each divided area using a deep learning determination model (S4). Next, the supply state determination unit 43 performs a drop sign determination (S5).
- the supply state determination unit 43 determines that there is a sign if all of the above-described (conditions 1) to (conditions 3) are satisfied (S5: Yes), and determines that there is no sign if any one of them is not satisfied ( S5: No). When it is determined that there is a sign (S5: Yes), the supply state determination unit 43 determines whether or not the drop occurrence probability based on the total stroke length is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold (S6). If it is equal to or greater than the threshold value (S6: Yes), the combustion air amount control unit 44 and the feeder control unit 45 start the predictive time control (S7). Next, the control device 4 determines whether or not a condition for ending the predictive time control is satisfied (S8).
- the end condition of the predictive time control is, for example, when the excessive supply detection unit 46 detects that a slowdown has actually occurred, or when the slowdown does not occur after the start of the predictive time control and a predetermined duration (for example, 60 seconds) ) has passed. If the end condition for the control at the time of indication is satisfied (S8: Yes), the control device 4 terminates the control at the time of indication and shifts to control for actual sluggishness, or simply ends the control at the time of indication (S9).
- the control device 4 determines whether or not the conditions for ending the predictive time control are satisfied (S8). Further, if the predictive time control is ended (S9), if the predictive sign determination is that there is no predictive sign (S5: No), if it is not equal to or greater than the threshold (S6: No), or the end condition of the predictive time control is not satisfied. If so (S8: No), the control device 4 terminates the processing shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of an operation pattern when a sign detection is established.
- the T1 time is, for example, 5 seconds
- the T2 time is, for example, 60 seconds.
- the feeding of the feeder is started, and at time t12, the conditions 1 and 3 and the threshold determination are established. Further, when T1 time has passed, the sign is detected at time t13, and the time until the time t14 when the drop occurs.
- predictive time control is performed.
- the feeding of the feeder is started, and at time t22, conditions 1 and 3 and the threshold determination are established. Further, when T1 time elapses, an omen is detected at time t23, and until time t25 when the thunder occurs.
- predictive time control is performed.
- the feeder has moved backward from being pushed.
- the feeding of the feeder is started, and at time t22, the conditions 1 and 3 and the threshold determination are established, and when T1 time elapses, a sign is detected at time t23, and until the time t32 when the drop occurs.
- predictive time control is performed. In this case, at time t24, the feeder has moved backward from being pushed. Also, at time t31, the feeder is stopped.
- reaction/effect As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to improve control delays in response to changes in the supply amount of combustible materials such as wastes, such as excessive supply.
- the trained model 491 is used to perform image recognition processing, but the present invention is not limited to this. You can
- the combustion air amount control unit 44 opens the OFA (Over Fire Air) in advance to eliminate the lack of air and prevent an increase in the CO concentration. Therefore, the damper opening of the post-combustion region 132 may be minimized.
- the feeder control unit 45 detects a sign during a drop target, the stoker speed is reduced to gain time until the next occurrence, thereby suppressing fluctuations in the amount of evaporation due to continuous drop. good.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment;
- Computer 90 comprises processor 91 , main memory 92 , storage 93 and interface 94 .
- the control device 4 described above is implemented in the computer 90 .
- the operation of each processing unit described above is stored in the storage 93 in the form of a program.
- the processor 91 reads out the program from the storage 93, develops it in the main memory 92, and executes the above processes according to the program.
- the processor 91 secures storage areas corresponding to the storage units described above in the main memory 92 according to the program.
- the program may be for realizing part of the functions to be exhibited by the computer 90.
- the program may function in combination with another program already stored in the storage or in combination with another program installed in another device.
- the computer may include a custom LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) such as a PLD (Programmable Logic Device) in addition to or instead of the above configuration.
- PLDs include PAL (Programmable Array Logic), GAL (Generic Array Logic), CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- part or all of the functions implemented by the processor may be implemented by the integrated circuit.
- Examples of the storage 93 include HDD (Hard Disk Drive), SSD (Solid State Drive), magnetic disk, magneto-optical disk, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory), DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory) , semiconductor memory, and the like.
- the storage 93 may be an internal medium directly connected to the bus of the computer 90, or an external medium connected to the computer 90 via an interface 94 or communication line. Further, when this program is distributed to the computer 90 via a communication line, the computer 90 receiving the distribution may develop the program in the main memory 92 and execute the above process.
- storage 93 is a non-transitory, tangible storage medium.
- control device 4 of the incinerator facility described in each embodiment is grasped, for example, as follows.
- a control device 4 for an incinerator facility is an incinerator facility having a furnace body for burning and conveying materials to be incinerated, and a feeder for supplying the materials to be incinerated to the furnace body.
- An image information acquiring unit 41 which is a control device and which periodically acquires image information including a receiving port 122 of the furnace body connected to the end of the feeder, and the receiving port 122 based on the image information.
- an image information recognition unit 42 for recognizing whether or not the object to be incinerated protrudes from the furnace body, and a predetermined state that the object to be incinerated protrudes from the furnace body.
- the control device 4 for the incinerator equipment according to the second aspect is the control device 4 for the incinerator equipment according to the aspect (1) above, and the image information acquisition unit 41 includes the reception port 122 and The image information may be acquired including at least a portion of the inner wall of the dry area.
- the control device 4 for incinerator equipment according to the third aspect is the control device 4 for incinerator equipment according to the aspect (1) or (2) above, and the supply state determination unit 43 includes the When it is continuously recognized for a predetermined time that the incinerator protrudes from the furnace main body, and the probability of occurrence of excess supply based on the total extrusion length of the feeder is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, It may be determined that there is a sign that the incinerator body will be oversupplied with the incinerator body.
- a control device 4 for an incinerator facility according to a fourth aspect is the control device 4 for an incinerator facility according to the aspect (3) above, wherein the threshold is information indicating the amount of carbon monoxide generated. and information indicating the amount of nitrogen oxides generated.
- a control device 4 for incinerator equipment is the control device 4 for incinerator equipment according to aspects (1) to (4) above, wherein the image information recognition unit 42 includes the For each divided area obtained by dividing the receiving port 122 into a plurality of areas, it is recognized whether or not the incinerated material protrudes from the furnace main body. When it is continuously recognized for a predetermined period of time that the incinerator protrudes from the furnace main body in the divided area, it is a sign that the incinerator is excessively supplied to the furnace main body. It may be determined that there is
- the control device 4 for incinerator equipment according to a sixth aspect is the control device 4 for incinerator equipment according to aspects (1) to (5) above, wherein the image information recognition unit 42 includes at least Using a trained model 491 that uses the image information as an explanatory variable and determines whether or not the object to be incinerated protrudes, as well as poor visibility as objective variables, it is determined whether or not the object to be incinerated protrudes.
- the supply state determination unit 43 continuously recognizes that at least the incineration material protrudes from the furnace main body for a predetermined period of time, and the feeder keeps the incineration material protruding from the furnace main body. When the incinerator is being pushed in, it may be determined that there is a sign that the incinerator body will be oversupplied with the incinerator body.
- a control device 4 for an incinerator facility according to a seventh aspect is the control device 4 for an incinerator facility according to the above aspects (1) to (6), wherein the determination result of the sign of oversupply or a feeder control unit that changes at least one of the operating speed and stroke of the feeder based on the determination result of the oversupply sign. may be further provided.
- control device for the incinerator facility of the present disclosure it is possible to improve the control delay according to the change in the supply amount of the combustible material such as waste.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年6月29日に日本に出願された特願2021-107370号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。 The present disclosure relates to a controller for an incinerator installation.
This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-107370 filed in Japan on June 29, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
以下、本開示の実施形態に係る焼却炉設備の制御装置について、図1~図10を参照して説明する。図1は、本開示の実施形態に係る焼却炉設備の構成例を示す概略図である。図2は、本開示の実施形態に係る制御装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。図3は、本開示の実施形態に係る赤外画像の一例を示す図である。図4は、本開示の実施形態に係る制御装置の動作例を示すフローチャートである。図5~図9は、本開示の実施形態に係る制御装置の動作例を説明するための模式図である。図10は、本開示の実施形態に係るコンピュータの構成を示す概略ブロック図である。なお、各図において同一または対応する構成には同一の符号を用いて説明を適宜省略する。 (Configuration of control device for incinerator equipment)
An incinerator facility control device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of incinerator equipment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an infrared image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. 5 to 9 are schematic diagrams for explaining an operation example of the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; In each figure, the same reference numerals are used for the same or corresponding configurations, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
図1は、本開示の実施形態に係る焼却炉設備100の構成例を示す。図1に示す例示的な形態では、焼却炉設備100は、都市ごみ、産業廃棄物、またはバイオマスなどを固体燃料Fgとするストーカ式のごみ焼却炉である。なお、焼却炉設備100は、ストーカ式のごみ焼却炉に限定されない。 (Composition of incinerator equipment)
FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of an
上述した焼却炉設備100に適用される制御装置4は、被焼却物を燃焼させながら搬送する燃焼室108と、燃焼室108に被焼却物を供給する押出装置110とを有する焼却炉設備100の制御装置である。制御装置4は、コンピュータと、コンピュータの周辺装置等のハードウェアと、コンピュータが実行するプログラム等のソフトウェアとの組み合わせから構成される機能的構成として、次の各部を備える。すなわち、制御装置4は、画像情報取得部41と、画像情報認識部42と、供給状態判定部43と、燃焼用空気量制御部44と、フィーダ制御部45と、過剰供給検知部46と、せり出し量検知部47と、モデル学習部48と、記憶部49とを備える。また、記憶部49は、複数の学習済みモデル491と、複数の画像情報492とを記憶する。 (Configuration of control device)
The
次に、図4を参照して、制御装置4の動作例について説明する。図4に示す処理は、例えば、1秒間隔で繰り返し実行される。図4に示す処理が開始されると、制御装置4は、予兆時制御中であるか否かを判定する(S1)。予兆時制御中でない場合(S1:NO)、画像情報取得部41が、撮像装置2(赤外線カメラ)で炉内を撮影して画像情報を取得する(S2)。次に、画像情報認識部42が、フィーダ近傍領域の画像をメッシュ分割する(S3)。次に、画像情報認識部42が、分割領域毎に深層学習判定モデルで、せり出し有り、無し、または、視界不良を判定する(S4)。次に、供給状態判定部43が、どか落ち予兆判定を行う(S5)。 (Example of control device operation)
Next, an operation example of the
以上のように、本実施形態によれば、過剰供給等の廃棄物等の被燃焼物の供給量の変化に応じた制御の遅れを改善することができる。 (action/effect)
As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to improve control delays in response to changes in the supply amount of combustible materials such as wastes, such as excessive supply.
以上、本開示の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳述したが、具体的な構成はこの実施の形態に限られるものではなく、本開示の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等も含まれる。
なお、上記実施形態では学習済みモデル491を用いて画像認識処理を行うこととしたが、これに限るものではなく、例えばオプティカルフローを用いたり、立体高次局所自己相関特徴法(CHLAC)を用いたりしてもよい。
また、燃焼用空気量制御部44は、供給状態判定部43が予兆を検知したらOFA(Over Fire Air)を先行的に開き空気不足を解消しCO濃度増加を防止し、一方、NOx増加対策のため、後燃焼領域132のダンパ開度を最小にするようにしてもよい。また、フィーダ制御部45は、どか落ち対象中に予兆検知をした場合、ストーカ速度を低減させ次の発生までの時間を稼ぐことで、連続どか落ちによる蒸発量の変動を抑制するようにしてもよい。 (Other embodiments)
As described above, the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and design changes etc. within the scope of the present disclosure are also included. .
In the above embodiment, the trained
In addition, when the supply
図10は、少なくとも1つの実施形態に係るコンピュータの構成を示す概略ブロック図である。
コンピュータ90は、プロセッサ91、メインメモリ92、ストレージ93、および、インタフェース94を備える。
上述の制御装置4は、コンピュータ90に実装される。そして、上述した各処理部の動作は、プログラムの形式でストレージ93に記憶されている。プロセッサ91は、プログラムをストレージ93から読み出してメインメモリ92に展開し、当該プログラムに従って上記処理を実行する。また、プロセッサ91は、プログラムに従って、上述した各記憶部に対応する記憶領域をメインメモリ92に確保する。 <Computer configuration>
FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment;
The
各実施形態に記載の焼却炉設備の制御装置4は、例えば以下のように把握される。 <Appendix>
The
108…燃焼室
110…押出装置
4…制御装置
41…画像情報取得部
42…画像情報認識部
43…供給状態判定部
44…燃焼用空気量制御部
45…フィーダ制御部
49…記憶部
491…学習済みモデル
492…画像情報 DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (7)
- 被焼却物を燃焼させながら搬送する炉本体と、前記炉本体に前記被焼却物を供給するフィーダとを有する焼却炉設備の制御装置であって、
前記フィーダの端部と接続される、前記炉本体の受入口を含む画像情報を周期的に取得する画像情報取得部と、
前記画像情報に基づいて前記受入口における前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対してせり出した状態であるか否かを認識する画像情報認識部と、
前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対してせり出した状態であることが、所定時間継続的に認識された場合、前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対して過剰供給される予兆があると判定する供給状態判定部と
を備える焼却炉設備の制御装置。 A control device for an incinerator facility having a furnace body for burning and conveying materials to be incinerated, and a feeder for supplying the materials to be incinerated to the furnace body,
an image information acquisition unit that periodically acquires image information including the inlet of the furnace body, connected to the end of the feeder;
an image information recognizing unit that recognizes whether or not the incinerator at the inlet protrudes from the furnace body based on the image information;
When it is continuously recognized for a predetermined time that the materials to be incinerated protrude from the main body of the furnace, it is determined that there is a sign that the materials to be incinerated are excessively supplied to the main body of the furnace. A control device for an incinerator facility, comprising: a supply state determination unit; - 前記画像情報取得部は、前記受入口及び乾燥領域の内壁の少なくとも一部を含む前記画像情報を取得する、
請求項1に記載の焼却炉設備の制御装置。 The image information acquisition unit acquires the image information including at least part of the inner wall of the reception port and the drying area.
The control device for an incinerator facility according to claim 1. - 前記供給状態判定部は、前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対してせり出した状態であることが、所定時間継続的に認識され、かつ、前記フィーダの総押し出し長さに基づく過剰供給発生確率が所定の閾値以上である場合、前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対して過剰供給される予兆があると判定する
請求項1または2に記載の焼却炉設備の制御装置。 The supply state determination unit continuously recognizes that the incinerator protrudes from the furnace main body for a predetermined time, and the probability of occurrence of excess supply based on the total extrusion length of the feeder is reduced. 3. The control device for incinerator equipment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein if the value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that there is a sign that the incineration material is excessively supplied to the furnace main body. - 前記閾値は、一酸化炭素の発生量を示す情報と窒素酸化物の発生量を示す情報とを少なくとも含む実際の前記被焼却物の燃焼状況に係る情報に基づいて変化させられる値である
請求項3に記載の焼却炉設備の制御装置。 The threshold value is a value that is changed based on information relating to the actual combustion state of the incinerator including at least information indicating the amount of carbon monoxide generated and information indicating the amount of nitrogen oxides generated. 4. The control device for the incinerator facility according to 3. - 前記画像情報認識部は、前記受入口を複数の領域に分割した分割領域毎に、前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対してせり出した状態であるか否かを認識し、
前記供給状態判定部は、少なくとも、複数の前記分割領域で、前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対してせり出した状態であることが、所定時間継続的に認識された場合、前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対して過剰供給される予兆があると判定する
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の焼却炉設備の制御装置。 The image information recognition unit recognizes whether or not the incinerator protrudes from the furnace body for each divided region obtained by dividing the inlet into a plurality of regions,
The supply state judging unit detects that the incineration material protrudes from the furnace body continuously for a predetermined time, at least in the plurality of divided regions, when the incineration material is The control device for incinerator equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein it is determined that there is a sign of excessive supply to the furnace body. - 前記画像情報認識部は、少なくとも前記画像情報を説明変数とし、前記被焼却物のせり出しの有り、無し、および、視界不良を目的変数として求める学習済みモデルを用いて、前記被焼却物がせり出した状態であるか否かを認識し、
前記供給状態判定部は、少なくとも、前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対してせり出した状態であることが、所定時間継続的に認識され、かつ、前記フィーダが前記被焼却物を押し込み中である場合、前記被焼却物が前記炉本体に対して過剰供給される予兆があると判定する
請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の焼却炉設備の制御装置。 The image information recognizing unit uses a learned model that uses at least the image information as an explanatory variable, and determines whether or not the incineration object protrudes, and low visibility as objective variables, so that the incineration object protrudes. recognizing whether the state is
The supply state determination unit continuously recognizes at least that the incineration material protrudes from the furnace main body for a predetermined time, and the feeder is pushing the incineration material. 6. The control device for incinerator equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein it is determined that there is a sign that the incinerator body will be oversupplied with the incinerator body if the incinerator body is oversupplied. - 前記過剰供給の予兆の判定結果に基づいて燃焼用空気の供給量を変化させる燃焼用空気量制御部、または、前記過剰供給の予兆の判定結果に基づいて前記フィーダの動作速度またはストロークの少なくとも一方を変化させるフィーダ制御部の少なくとも一方を
さらに備える請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の焼却炉設備の制御装置。 A combustion air amount control unit that changes the supply amount of combustion air based on the determination result of the sign of oversupply, or at least one of the operating speed or the stroke of the feeder based on the determination result of the sign of oversupply. The control device for incinerator equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising at least one feeder control unit that changes the .
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014126321A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-07-07 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Estimation method for waste volume in waste treatment furnace hopper |
JP2017187228A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-12 | 日立造船株式会社 | Stoker type incinerator |
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