JP2004232960A - Refuse incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a refuse incinerator that can restrain combustion without causing unburnt refuse and without human intervention for control in case of restraining the combustion. <P>SOLUTION: This refuse incinerator comprises air quantity control means P forming a system for measuring steam quantity measured by a steam flow rate sensor F7, supplying air to a dry zone, a first combustion zone, a second combustion zone, a third combustion zone and a rear combustion zone with distribution ratio on the basis of data of an air supply table at the time of proper steam quantity, reducing air supplied to the first combustion zone at the time of high steam, and supplying increased air of which quantity is reduced in such a manner to the second combustion zone, refuse input quantity control means R for reducing dust supply speed by a pusher, and transfer speed control means Q reducing the transfer speed of refuse by the dry zone, the first combustion zone, the second combustion zone, the third combustion zone and the rear combustion zone. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is formed along a garbage charging mechanism for charging garbage into the incinerator, an incineration zone for burning while transporting the garbage input by the garbage input mechanism, and a transport direction of the incineration zone. An air supply mechanism for independently controlling the amount of air supplied to the plurality of processing regions, sensing means for determining the combustion state of the refuse incinerator, and a plurality of incineration zones based on the combustion information determined by the sensing means. The present invention relates to a refuse incinerator provided with air amount control means for controlling an amount of air supplied to a processing area.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Similar to the refuse incinerator configured as described above, the refuse is provided with a boiler that generates steam by the heat generated when refuse is burned. In order to maintain the amount of generated steam constant, there is a type in which the distribution of air amount is changed to adjust the amount of refuse supplied and the moving speed of the moving bed (the transport combustion unit of the present invention). I do. Specifically, when the steam amount is high, the total amount of air supplied to the furnace is increased, the air amount in the center of the combustion (drying area, combustion area) of the moving bed is reduced, and the post-combustion area of the moving bed is reduced. The control for increasing the air amount of the (post-combustion unit) is executed, and when the steam amount is low, the control opposite to the above-described control is executed for the total air amount, the central combustion part, and the post-combustion part (for example, see Patent Document 1). ).
[0003]
Further, as similar to the refuse incinerator configured as described above, the refuse is provided with a boiler that generates steam by heat generated at the time of refuse incineration. When the deviation is positive), the supply amount of the primary air is reduced, and the amount of air supplied to the front of the combustion grate of the grate (the transport combustion section of the present invention) is reduced. And control to increase the amount of air supplied to the post-combustion grate, and if the steam amount is smaller than the target value, perform reverse control on the combustion grate, the dry grate, and the after-combustion grate. Some of them are executed (for example, see Patent Document 2).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-58-195707 (Claim 1 and Detailed Description)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-273733 (Claim 2, paragraph numbers [0045] to [0064], Table 1)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Here, considering the technology described in Patent Literature 1, the combustion speed is reduced because the amount of air supplied to the main combustion section is reduced when the amount of steam is suppressed. Therefore, when the amount of garbage retained in the furnace is large, the burn-off point moves to the post-combustion side, which may lead to the inconvenience of generating unburned refuse. In order to suppress the generation of unburned refuse when the amount of air supplied to the main combustion section is reduced as described above, it is effective to reduce the transfer speed of refuse in the furnace. When the transport speed is reduced, not only does the operator need to intervene such as arbitrarily setting the transport speed, but there is also room for improvement in that the amount of waste disposal is reduced.
[0006]
Also, considering the technology described in Patent Document 2, when suppressing the amount of steam, not only the same disadvantages as in Patent Document 1 are generated but also the O ₂ It is also assumed that the concentration is reduced to generate a high concentration of CO. It is effective to increase the amount of secondary air when CO is expected to be generated as described above. However, if the amount of secondary air is increased, the in-furnace pressure increases, which is disadvantageous. Normally, the control response for increasing the secondary air amount is set to be slow, and there is also a problem that it is difficult to effectively function with respect to an increase in the CO concentration. The reason why the control response for increasing the amount of secondary air is slowed down is that when the amount of secondary air is simply increased, the pressure in the furnace increases and not only can exhaust gas not be discharged well, This is because it leads to the disadvantage that the exhaust gas leaks from the furnace wall.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a refuse incinerator that does not generate unburned refuse even when suppressing the amount of steam, does not require artificial intervention for control, and hardly increases the CO concentration. The point is to configure.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The features, operations and effects of the refuse incinerator according to claim 1 of the present invention are as follows.
〔Characteristic〕
A garbage input mechanism for introducing garbage into the incinerator, an incineration zone for transporting and burning the garbage input by the garbage input mechanism, and a plurality of processing areas formed along the transport direction of the incineration zone. An air supply mechanism for independently controlling the amount of air supplied to the incinerator, sensing means for determining the combustion state of the refuse incinerator, and supply to a plurality of processing regions in the incineration zone based on the combustion information determined by the sensing means. In a refuse incinerator provided with an air amount control means for controlling the amount of air to be produced, when it is determined that overcombustion is detected by the sensing means, the plurality of processing regions formed in the incineration treatment zone Among them, the amount of air supplied to a predetermined processing area where refuse is burned is reduced, and air equal to the reduced amount is supplied to a processing area downstream of the processing area where the air supply amount is reduced by trash transport. Lies in is set to control mode of the air quantity control means to execute control for supplying to.
[0009]
[Action / Effect]
According to the above feature, when it is determined that overburning is detected by the sensing unit, the air amount control unit controls the air supply mechanism to switch to a predetermined processing region in which dust is burned out of the plurality of processing regions. Since the amount of air supply is reduced, combustion in this processing area is suppressed, and by increasing the amount of air supply to the processing area on the downstream side in the dust transport direction from this processing area, this is achieved. Sufficient air is supplied to the refuse in the treatment area to ensure combustion and incineration. Further, air in an amount equal to the amount of air reduced in the predetermined processing area is supplied in a form to be added to the processing area on the downstream side in the dust transport direction, and the total amount of air supplied to the incineration processing zone is reduced. Since there is no change, the debris from the processing area where the combustion is suppressed is completely burned in the processing area where the combustion is promoted, and these do not cancel each other to cause excessive or insufficient combustion. In particular, when the amount of unburned dust is small, the increased air functions to cool the processing area. As a result, since there is sufficient air in the furnace, combustion can be suppressed without inconvenience of increasing the CO concentration or inconvenience of fluctuating the pressure in the furnace, and furthermore, excessive temperature rise in the processing region can be prevented. A refuse incinerator was constructed that did not generate unburned refuse while suppressing it. In particular, according to the present invention, combustion is stabilized, and the frequency of operation intervention by the operator can be reduced.
[0010]
The features, operations and effects of the refuse incinerator according to claim 2 of the present invention are as follows.
〔Characteristic〕
2. The refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the refuse input mechanism reduces or stops the amount of refuse input into the furnace by the refuse input mechanism when the sensing means determines that the combustion is excessive, and the incineration. And a conveyance speed control means for lowering the conveyance speed of dust by the processing zone.
[0011]
[Action / Effect]
According to the above feature, when it is determined that the combustion is overburning by the sensing means, the dust input amount control means controls the dust input mechanism to reduce or stop the input amount of dust into the furnace, and Speed control means reduces the speed at which the refuse is conveyed by the incineration zone. That is, even when a fixed amount of dust is introduced into the furnace by the unit operation of the dust supply mechanism, the amount of heat generated by the dust may increase. In such a case, the amount of dust is reduced or stopped. As a result, an increase in the calorific value in the furnace can be suppressed, and the speed at which garbage with a large calorific value is conveyed is reduced, thus maintaining a stable combustion state without changing the thickness of the garbage layer on the incineration zone. it can. As a result, the amount of heat generated in the furnace can be maintained regardless of the nature of the refuse.
[0012]
The features, operations and effects of the refuse incinerator according to claim 3 of the present invention are as follows.
〔Characteristic〕
3. The refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of treatment areas of the incineration treatment zone include a drying zone, a combustion zone, and a post-combustion zone arranged along a garbage transport direction, and the combustion zone includes: It is composed of a plurality of combustion units arranged along the dust transport direction, and the air amount control means is configured to be able to independently control the amount of air supplied to the plurality of combustion units, Means for supplying air at a preset ratio to the plurality of combustion sections when it is determined that the combustion is appropriate, and for determining that overcombustion is detected by the sensing means, In place of the above, the air amount control means having table information defining at least two types of ratios so that air is supplied to the plurality of combustion units at a preset ratio.
[0013]
[Action / Effect]
According to the above feature, when it is determined that the combustion is proper combustion by the sensing means, and when it is determined that the combustion is excessive combustion, the air amount control means sets a table set in advance corresponding to each case. The air is supplied to the plurality of combustion units according to the ratio defined in the information. Therefore, for example, the control amount can be obtained instantaneously as compared with the one that performs the arithmetic processing, and the processing can be executed quickly.
[0014]
The features, operations and effects of the refuse incinerator according to claim 4 of the present invention are as follows.
〔Characteristic〕
4. The refuse incinerator according to claim 3, wherein a camera for photographing a combustion state in the incineration treatment zone, and a burn-off point for discriminating a position at which garbage burning ends from a flame position photographed by the camera as a burn-off point. A point discriminating means, wherein the sensing means determines that the combustion state is low, and the burn-off point discriminating means determines that the burn-off point has shifted from an appropriate position to the downstream side of the conveyance. The air is supplied so as to increase the amount of air supplied to a predetermined position among the plurality of combustion units and to reduce the amount of air supplied to a combustion unit located downstream of the predetermined position in the dust transfer direction. The point is that the processing mode of the quantity control means is set.
[0015]
[Action / Effect]
According to the above feature, when the burn-off point is determined to be displaced to the downstream side of the garbage transport by the burn-off point determining means in the low combustion state, the burn-off point is supplied to the processing positions of the plurality of combustion units. Since the amount of air is increased and the amount of air supplied to the combustion section on the downstream side in the garbage transport direction from the position where the supply air is increased in this way is reduced, the combustion of the garbage is ensured and the generation of unburned garbage is generated. Suppress. As a result, even when it is difficult to determine the combustion state, such as when foreign dust is included, the generation of unburned dust is reliably prevented in an appropriate manner.
[0016]
The features, operations and effects of the refuse incinerator according to claim 5 of the present invention are as follows.
〔Characteristic〕
The refuse incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a boiler that generates steam by heat generated when the refuse is burned, and determining a combustion state of the refuse incinerator from the amount of steam generated by the boiler. That is, the sensing means is configured to make the determination.
[0017]
[Action / Effect]
According to the above feature, the boiler provided for power generation and the like for the garbage incinerator generates steam reflected in the temperature in the furnace, so it is only necessary to measure the amount of steam generated in this boiler. The combustion state can be grasped. As a result, it became possible to accurately measure the combustion state in the furnace without using sensors.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 1, a crane device 2 having a bucket 2A for picking up dust accumulated in the dust pit 1, a hopper 3 to which the dust picked up by the bucket 2A is supplied, and a dust in the hopper 3 A pusher 4 as a garbage charging mechanism for charging trash into the furnace, a stoker-type incineration zone A for incineration while transporting the garbage charged into the furnace, and a conveyor for transporting incineration ash discharged from the incineration zone A 5, an ash pit 6 for collecting incineration ash from the conveyor 5, a primary air supply mechanism for supplying primary air from below the incineration zone A, and a space above the incineration zone A A waste air boiler 7 for recovering heat of exhaust gas generated in the furnace, a steam turbine 8 to which steam is supplied from the waste heat boiler 7, , This steam A generator 9 driven by a fuel bin 8, an economizer 10 sent to a flue to heat water (condensate) sent from a steam turbine 8 and return it to a waste heat boiler 7, and exhaust gas from the incinerator 3 A waste incinerator is provided with an exhaust gas treatment mechanism 11 for treating wastewater, an induction blower 12 for inducing and discharging exhaust gas, and a chimney 13 for discharging exhaust gas from the induction blower 12.
[0019]
In the figure, a steam cycle for sending steam (condensed water) from the waste heat boiler 7 to the steam turbine 8 and the economizer 10 is schematically illustrated. Strictly speaking, the steam from the waste heat boiler 7 is high-pressure steam. After being stored in the reservoir, the steam is supplied to the steam turbine 8, and the steam from the steam turbine 8 is transmitted from the low-pressure steam reservoir to the condensate tank to be liquefied, and then sent to the economizer 10, and after being heated by the economizer 10, The steam cycle is configured to be sent to the waste heat boiler 7. Further, the exhaust gas treatment mechanism 11 includes a bag filter for removing soot and dust sent along with the exhaust gas, a contact desulfurization device for detoxifying sulfur oxides contained in the exhaust gas, and an activated carbon for adsorbing toxic components contained in the exhaust gas. Have been.
[0020]
The incineration treatment zone A is disposed at an upstream position (the side of the pusher 4) in the direction of conveying the dust, and is provided with a drying zone 15 for drying the dust and heating it to near the ignition point. Three combustion zones 16A, 16B, 16C to be burned (an example of a combustion section, hereinafter referred to as a first combustion zone 16A, a second combustion zone 16B, and a third combustion zone 16C), and the combustion zone 16 (three combustion zones) 16A, 16B, and 16C), and the post-combustion zone 17 for ashing the refuse burned in the refuse is arranged in a stepwise manner along the refuse transfer direction such that the lower the downstream in the transfer direction, the lower the level. ing.
[0021]
Although not shown in the drawings, the incineration zone A includes a fixed grate in a fixed state and a movable grate slidable with respect to the fixed grate, and the movable grate is fixed by a hydraulic cylinder. The dust on the incineration zone is agitated by being reciprocally slid on the grid, and is conveyed in the order of the drying zone 15, the combustion zone 16, and the post-combustion zone 17 while the ash in the post-combustion zone 17 is conveyed. 5.
[0022]
A wind box 18 is arranged below each of the drying zone 15, the first combustion zone 16A, the second combustion zone 16B, the third combustion zone 16C, and the post-combustion zone 17. The primary air supply mechanism is configured to supply air, and the second air supply mechanism is configured to supply air to a plurality of locations in the space above the incineration zone A.
[0023]
That is, as shown in FIG. 2, air from a blower 20 that sends air is sent to an air preheater 21, and air heated by the air preheater 21 is sent to each of five flow paths branched from a main flow path 22. The drying zone 15, the first combustion zone 16A, and the second combustion zone 16B via the air flow sensors F15, F16a, F16b, F16c, and F17 provided in the flow paths of the above and dampers D15, D16a, D16b, D16c, and D17. The primary air supply mechanism is configured to send air to wind boxes 18 corresponding to the third combustion zone 16C and the post-combustion zone 17, respectively. Further, air is sent through an air flow sensor Fs and a damper Ds provided in a sub flow path 23 branched from the main flow path 22, and further, dampers Dt provided in four flow paths branched from the sub flow path 23 are provided. The secondary air supply mechanism is configured to supply air into the furnace via the secondary air supply mechanism.
[0024]
The air preheater 21 includes a heat exchanger that heats the air with the steam heated by the waste heat boiler 7, the main flow path 22 includes an air temperature sensor TA that measures the temperature of the air, A bypass path 24 for sending the air from the air 20 around the air preheater 21 is formed. Dampers Dm and Db are provided in the path from the air preheater 21 and the bypass path 24.
[0025]
Hydraulic cylinders C15, C16a, C16b, C16c, and C17 for operating the drying zone 15, the first combustion zone 16A, the second combustion zone 16B, the third combustion zone 16C, and the post-combustion zone 17 are provided. The cylinder is configured to be independently operable by hydraulic oil supplied from the outside.
[0026]
The waste heat boiler further includes an exhaust gas temperature sensor Tg for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas at the furnace outlet with respect to the flue discharged from the refuse incinerator, and an oxygen concentration sensor O2g for measuring the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. A steam flow sensor F7 (an example of a sensing unit) that measures a steam flow rate is provided in a path through which steam is sent from the steam generator 7. Further, the bucket 2A is provided with a weight sensor W for measuring the weight of the dust picked up by the bucket 2A, and a camera Cam for photographing the combustion state in the incineration treatment zone A. The camera Cam has a structure in which light from the furnace is guided to the CCD by an optical lens to form an image on a light receiving surface of the CCD.
[0027]
As shown in the figure, based on a feedback signal from an air temperature sensor TA, an air temperature for controlling the opening degree of each of the dampers Dm and Db to control the temperature of the air sent to the main flow path 22 and the sub flow path 23. A primary air amount that includes a control unit 31 and sets the opening degree of each of the corresponding dampers D15, D16a, D16b, D16c, and D17 based on feedback signals from the air amount sensors F15, F16a, F16b, F16c, and F17. A control unit 32 for controlling a degree of opening of the damper Ds based on a feedback signal from the air amount sensor Fs to control a secondary air amount; A combustion treatment zone control unit 34 for setting the operation speed (transport speed) of C16a, C16b, C16c, and C17 is provided. A pusher control unit 35 for setting a speed (dust supply speed); an image processing unit 36 for processing image information from the camera Cam to extract a flame region; and a flame processed by the image information processing unit 36. Is provided with a burn-off point discriminating means 37 for discriminating a burn-off point from the position information.
[0028]
Each of the air temperature control unit 31, the primary air amount control unit 32, and the secondary air amount control unit 33 functions to operate a control target based on a feedback signal so as to achieve a control target given from the outside. Further, the combustion processing zone control unit 34 and the pusher control unit 35 function to realize an operation speed (number of operations per hour) corresponding to information given from the outside, and the burn-off point discrimination means 37 Function to output the current burn-off point position information based on the preset burn-off point. Since the combustion processing zone control unit 34 and the pusher control unit 35 are each configured to reciprocate, a control mode is set so as to give the number of operations per hour as a control target. Is called.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 3, a main control system is configured. In this main control system, the steam flow sensor F7, the burn-off point discriminating means 37, the exhaust gas temperature sensor are provided to a main controller 40 having an arithmetic processing unit such as a microprocessor. Tg, an oxygen concentration sensor O2g, and an input system for inputting signals from the weight sensor W are formed, and the air temperature control unit 31, the primary air amount control unit 32, the secondary air amount control unit 33, the combustion processing zone An output system for outputting a control signal to each of the control unit 34 and the pusher control unit 35 is formed.
[0030]
The main controller 40 captures the value of the amount of heat generated in the furnace by the signal from the steam flow sensor F7, and captures the position information of the burn-off point of the garbage on the incineration zone A from the burn-off point determining means 37. The value of the temperature of the exhaust gas is captured by a signal from the exhaust gas temperature sensor Tg, the value of the oxygen concentration contained in the exhaust gas is captured by the signal from the oxygen concentration sensor O2g, and the signal of the weight sensor W is It is configured to capture a weight value.
[0031]
By providing target temperature information of primary air and secondary air from the main controller 40 to the air temperature controller 31, the air temperature controller 31 controls the damper Dm so that the air temperature sensor TA measures a target temperature value. Control for setting the opening of Db is executed. The main controller 40 provides the primary air amount control unit 32 with the distribution ratio of air to be sent to the five primary air passages and the value of the amount of air to be sent to the five passages. The primary air amount controller 32 controls the dampers D15, D16a, D16b, D16c, and D17 so that the air amount sensors F15, F16a, F16b, F16c, and F17 measure the control target values with the air supply amount as the control target. The control for setting the opening is executed. Further, by giving the target air amount to be sent from the main controller 40 to the secondary air sub flow path 23 to the secondary air amount control unit 33, the secondary air amount is measured by the air amount sensor Fs so as to measure the target air value. The control unit 33 executes control for setting the opening of the damper Ds. The four dampers Dt function to supply the secondary air amount into the furnace at a preset ratio.
[0032]
Further, the main controller 40 provides the combustion zone control unit 34 with target transport speeds for the drying zone 15, the first combustion zone 16A, the second combustion zone 16B, the third combustion zone 16C, and the post-combustion zone 17, respectively. The combustion zone control unit 34 controls the corresponding hydraulic valves (not shown) so as to operate the corresponding hydraulic cylinders C15, C16a, C16b, C16c, and C17 at the corresponding speeds. Further, by giving the target dust supply speed from the main controller 40 to the pusher control unit 35, the pusher control unit 35 controls a hydraulic valve (not shown) so as to operate the pusher 4 at a corresponding speed.
[0033]
As shown in the figure, the main controller 40 is set with an air amount control means P comprising a control program, a transport speed control means Q, and a dust input amount control means R. The air amount control means P determines a combustion state based on information from the steam flow rate sensor F7, and based on the determination result, determines the primary air amount based on data defined in an air supply table shown in FIG. The control target 32 is provided with a control target, and the transport speed control means Q and the dust input amount control means R calculate a target value obtained by calculation based on the result of determination of the combustion state. 34 and the pusher control unit 35.
[0034]
A feature of the present invention resides in that the air amount control means P executes control based on data defined in the air supply table. It should be noted that although the exhaust gas temperature sensor Tg and the oxygen concentration sensor O2g do not require measurement information for executing control based on the data defined in the air supply table, these exhaust gas temperature sensor Tg and oxygen concentration sensor O2g Is used as a parameter for controlling the secondary air amount control unit 33. Further, the measurement information from the weight sensor W is used as a parameter when setting the transfer speed of the dust by the incineration zone A. That is, the total weight of the dust stored in the hopper 3 is obtained by integrating the measurement information from the weight sensor W. As the total weight is larger, the number of times the pusher 4 is operated (dust supply speed) is reduced. In addition, control is performed to reduce the garbage transport speed by the incineration zone A. Conversely, the smaller the total weight is, the greater the number of operations of the pusher 4 (dust supply speed), and Control for increasing the transfer speed of dust is executed.
[0035]
As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 4, an incineration control routine of the refuse incinerator is set. That is, the main controller 40 acquires the amount of steam measured by the steam flow sensor F7, and refers to the data of the air supply table shown in FIG. The distribution ratio is set, and this setting information is given to the primary air amount control unit 32 as a control target (steps # 01 and # 02). When the control target is given in this way, as described above, the primary air control unit 32 responds so that the flow rate of the air measured by the air amount sensors F15, F16a, F16b, F16c, and F17 matches the distribution rate. The control for setting the opening of the dampers D15, D16a, D16b, D16c, and D17 is executed. Step # 02 is processing executed by the air amount control means P.
[0036]
As shown in FIG. 5, the air supply table indicates that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor F7 is appropriate and that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor F7 is equal to the target steam rate. The drying zone 15 and combustion are performed in “when the steam amount is high” indicating a state in which the amount exceeds the amount (overburning) and in “when the steam amount is low” in which the flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor F7 is lower than the target steam amount. The distribution ratio (%) of the air supplied to each of the zones 16A, 16B, 16C and the post-combustion zone 17 is defined as data. Although FIG. 3 shows three states of “when the steam amount is appropriate”, “when the steam amount is high”, and “when the steam amount is low”, the air supply table is defined so as to define the data in the intermediate state. May be configured.
[0037]
The feature of this control is that when it is determined that the combustion is excessive, the control is performed with the data of “when the amount of steam is high” in the air supply table as the control target, so that a predetermined processing area in which the refuse is incinerated in the incineration zone A is performed. The amount of air supplied to the refuse is reduced from the amount of air supplied when the steam amount is appropriate, and the increased amount of air is supplied to the processing area on the downstream side in the dust transport direction from the predetermined area. (Step # 02, control by air amount control means P). The processing region in which the amount of air is reduced at the time of overburning corresponds to the first combustion zone 16A, and the second combustion zone 16B corresponds to the processing region on the downstream side in the dust transport direction, and the data defined in the air supply table. As is clear from the above, the total amount of air supplied to the incineration zone A is maintained at a fixed amount when the steam amount is appropriate and when the steam amount is high.
[0038]
In other words, the first combustion zone 16A is the main combustion zone, and the combustion in this main combustion zone is suppressed, and the combustion at the boundary between the gasification combustion and the second combustion in the second combustion zone 16B is promoted. Thus, the carbonized garbage present in the second combustion zone 16B can be completely ashed by side combustion.
[0039]
Next, when the steam amount measured by the steam flow rate sensor F7 is “low steam amount”, the main controller 40 acquires the position information of the burn-off point from the burn-off point discriminating means 37, and obtains the position information. (Steps # 03 and # 04) to correct the air distribution ratio to the first combustion zone 16A based on the above.
[0040]
In other words, in the case of "low steam amount", air is distributed at basically the same distribution rate as "in the case of proper steam amount". Based on the position of the burn-off point determined at 37, a control is executed in which the value indicated by “α” is written in the margin and replaced with a numerical value in the table. Specifically, when the burn-off point is appropriate, α is set to 5%, and when the burn-off point is displaced upstream, α is set to 3%, and the burn-off point is displaced downstream. In this case, 8% is set to α. Thus, as the burn-off point is displaced downstream, the amount of air supplied to the first combustion zone 16A is increased to promote combustion, and the generation of unburned dust can be suppressed.
[0041]
Next, the main controller 40 sets the dust supply speed by the pusher 4 and the transport speed (transfer speed) by the incineration zone A in accordance with the acquired steam amount (step # 05). Step # 05 is processing executed by the dust input amount control means R and the transport speed control means Q.
[0042]
The main controller 40 sets the dust supply speed by the pusher 4 and the dust transfer speed by the incineration zone A from the result of integrating the measured values of the weight sensor W as described above. In the case of “when the steam amount is high” indicated in the supply table, the dust supply speed (control by the dust input amount control means R) by the pusher mechanism 4 is prioritized over the dust supply speed and the transport speed set as described above. The control for decelerating or stopping by 50% or more is executed, and the refuse generated by the drying zone 15, the first combustion zone 16A, the second combustion zone 16B, the third combustion zone 16C, and the post-combustion zone 17 constituting the incineration zone A The processing mode is set so as to execute control to greatly reduce the conveyance speed of the sheet in conjunction with the dust supply speed. In addition, when "the steam amount is low" shown in the air supply table, the dust feeding speed (the dust input amount controlling means) by the pusher mechanism 4 is given priority over the dust feeding speed and the conveying speed set as described above. R) is increased when the burn-off point is upstream or appropriate, and decelerated when the burn-off point is downstream. The drying zone 15, the first combustion zone 16A, and the The processing mode is set so as to execute control to increase or decrease the transport speed of the dust in each of the second combustion zone 16B, the third combustion zone 16C, and the post-combustion zone 17 in conjunction with the dust supply speed.
[0043]
In a garbage incinerator, adjusting the amount of air alone is not enough to suppress the overburning state, and it is important to reduce the dust supply speed. However, the dust supply speed must be reduced by 50% or more at once. By executing the control to stop, the overburning state can be converged in a short time.
[0044]
Although the transport speed control means Q and the dust input amount control means R set the dust supply speed by calculation set in the program, a dust supply speed table (see FIG. 7) in a second embodiment described later. ), A control mode in which the dust supply speed is set based on the data defined in the table.
[0045]
Thus, in the invention shown in the first embodiment, by measuring the flow rate of the steam generated in the waste heat boiler 7 with the steam flow rate sensor F7, a subtle change in the combustion state of the dust can be grasped. If the main controller 40 determines that “the steam amount is appropriate” based on the combustion state grasped in the above, the drying zone 15, the first combustion zone 16A, and the second Air is supplied to each of the combustion zone 16B, the third combustion zone 16C, and the post-combustion zone 17, and at the same time, the pusher 4 is operated at a dust supply speed set based on the property of the dust to throw in dust, and The incineration zone A is operated at a transport speed set based on the properties to incinerate the refuse. If the main controller 40 determines that the combustion is overburning, that is, "when the steam amount is high," the amount of air supplied to the upstream side of the combustion region in the incineration zone A is reduced, and the combustion region downstream of this is reduced. Since the amount of air supplied to the combustion area is increased and the total amount of air supplied to these combustion areas is kept constant, the combustion in the combustion area where the amount of air is reduced is suppressed, and the heat generation is reduced. In the downstream combustion area, the air is completely burned with sufficient air, without increasing the CO concentration, suppressing the generation of unburned refuse, and since the total amount of air is kept constant, the combustion There is no excess or shortage and the pressure in the furnace is not changed. Further, when the situation of “when the amount of steam is high” occurs, the dust supply speed by the pusher 4 is greatly reduced, or the pusher 4 is stopped, and the transport speed of the dust in the incineration zone A is also reduced. As a result, the overburning state quickly converges, and the conveying speed of the refuse by the incineration treatment zone A is reduced, so that no unburned refuse is generated.
[0046]
Conversely, when the main controller 40 determines that “the steam amount is low”, the dust supply speed by the pusher 4 is changed according to the burn-off point, and the transfer speed of the dust by the incineration zone A is also changed. Therefore, the combustion efficiency of the refuse is increased and the amount of heat generated in the furnace is increased. In particular, by adjusting the dust supply speed by the pusher 4 and the dust transfer speed by the incineration zone A in accordance with the combustion state, the thickness of the dust layer on the incineration zone A is maintained constant, and stable combustion is achieved. Is realized.
[0047]
Further, when the above-described control is executed, the control target is set based on the table information, so that the processing speed is increased as compared with the control target obtained based on the result of the arithmetic processing. Since the air supply is corrected based on the position of the burn-off point obtained by the image processing taken by the camera Cam at the time, the burn-off point is set to an appropriate position to realize reasonable combustion and sensing. As a means, by adopting a configuration for obtaining the amount of steam generated in the waste heat boiler 7, the temperature in the furnace is appropriately measured, and appropriate control is realized.
[0048]
[Second embodiment]
In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the combustion zone 16 in the incineration zone A is divided into a first combustion zone 16A and a second combustion zone 16B in the dust transfer direction. By assuming that, the incineration treatment zone A is divided into a drying zone 15 (dry stoker), a first combustion zone 16A (first combustion stoker), a second combustion zone 16B (second combustion stoker), and a post-combustion zone 17 ( (Post-burning stoker) (in this second embodiment, components having the same functions as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and symbols as in the embodiment).
[0049]
An air supply table and a dust supply / transport speed table shown in FIG. 7 corresponding to this configuration are defined. In other words, the air supply table shows the air distribution ratio (%) in three states: “when the steam amount is appropriate”, “when the steam amount is high” (overburning), and “when the steam amount is low”. In the air supply table, when "when the steam amount is high" is compared with "when the steam amount is appropriate", the air is supplied to the first combustion zone 16A in the same manner as the air supply table shown in the first embodiment. The air distribution rate is set so as to reduce the amount of air and increase the amount of air supplied to the second combustion zone 16B. Also, "when the steam amount is low" is compared with "when the steam amount is appropriate". In this case, the value is basically the same as “when the steam amount is appropriate”, but the value described as “α” in the table is determined based on the position of the burn-off point determined by the burn-off point determining means 37. The control described in the margin and replaced with a numerical value is executed. Specifically, when the burn-off point is appropriate, α is set to 5%, and when the burn-off point is displaced upstream, α is set to 3%, and the burn-off point is displaced downstream. In this case, 8% is set to α. Thus, as the burn-off point is displaced downstream, the amount of air supplied to the first combustion zone 16A is increased to promote combustion, and the generation of unburned dust can be suppressed.
[0050]
In the dust supply / transport speed table, the data in the column of the dust supply speed M in the table is selected when the steam amount is appropriate, and the data in the column of the dust supply speed L in the table is selected when the steam amount is high. Then, the data in the column of the dust supply speed H in the table is selected at the time of “when the steam amount is low”. As a result of this selection, when “the steam amount is high”, the dust supply speed by the pusher mechanism 4 (control by the dust input amount control means R, the number of operations per hour) is compared with “the steam amount is appropriate” by one. / 10, and the drying zone 15 (dry stoker), the first combustion zone 16A (first combustion stoker), the second combustion zone 16B (second combustion stoker), and the post-combustion zone 17 (rear). (Combustion stoker) Control to greatly reduce the respective transport speeds (the number of operations per hour) is executed. Conversely, when “the steam amount is low”, the dust supply speed by the pusher mechanism 4 (controlled by the dust input amount control means R), the drying zone 15 (dry stoker), and the first combustion zone 16A (first combustion zone) Stoker), the second combustion zone 16B (second combustion stoker), and the post-combustion zone 17 (post-combustion stoker), respectively, to increase the transport speed in comparison with "when the steam amount is appropriate" to increase the burn-off point upstream or at the appropriate time. When the burn-off point is downstream, a control to decelerate is executed.
[0051]
As described above, in the invention shown in the second embodiment, the air distribution ratio, the dust supply speed, and the transport speed are set based on the data defined in the table, so that the process is simplified and quick control is performed. To achieve.
[0052]
[Another embodiment]
In the present invention, in addition to the above-described embodiment, for example, an exhaust gas temperature sensor Tg disposed at a furnace outlet or an oxygen concentration sensor O2g disposed in a flue can be used as a sensing means. In the first embodiment, the control is realized by setting the air amount control means P, the transport speed control means Q, and the dust input amount control means R for the main controller 40. The control of the air amount control means P is realized by the primary air amount control part 32 shown, the control of the conveyance speed control means Q is realized by the combustion zone control part 34, and the control of the dust input amount control means R by the pusher control part 35. It is also possible to configure an incinerator to achieve this.
[0053]
Also, regardless of whether the air distribution ratio is set based on the tabulated data or the dust supply / transport speed is set, a large number of data are tabulated according to the amount of steam measured by the steam flow sensor F7. By doing so, it is possible to configure so as to be able to cope with subtle changes in the combustion state of the furnace.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a refuse incinerator according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a control system according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a control system according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an incineration control routine according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an air supply table according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a control system according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an air supply table and a dust supply / transport speed table according to the second embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
4 Garbage input mechanism
15 Dry zone
16 combustion zone
16A combustion section
16B Combustion unit
16C combustion section
17 After combustion zone
37 Burn-out point determination means
A incineration zone
F7 sensing means
P Air flow control means
Q Transport speed control means
R Garbage input amount control means
Cam camera

Claims (5)

A garbage input mechanism for introducing garbage into the incinerator, an incineration zone for transporting and burning the garbage input by the garbage input mechanism, and a plurality of processing areas formed along the transport direction of the incineration zone. An air supply mechanism for independently controlling the amount of air supplied to the incinerator, sensing means for determining the combustion state of the refuse incinerator, and supply to a plurality of processing regions in the incineration zone based on the combustion information determined by the sensing means. A garbage incinerator comprising air amount control means for controlling the amount of air
If it is determined that the overheating is detected by the sensing means, of the plurality of processing areas formed in the incineration processing zone, reduce the amount of air supply to a predetermined processing area for burning garbage, The control mode of the air amount control means is set so as to execute the control of supplying the air equal to the reduced amount to the processing region on the downstream side in the dust transport direction from the predetermined processing region in which the air supply amount is reduced. Garbage incinerator. A dust input amount control unit that reduces or stops the amount of dust input into the furnace by the dust input mechanism when the sensing unit determines that the combustion is excessive; and reduces a transfer speed of the dust by the incineration zone. 2. The refuse incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising a transfer speed control unit. A plurality of treatment areas of the incineration treatment zone are constituted by a drying zone, a combustion zone, and a post-combustion zone arranged along the dust conveyance direction, and a plurality of combustion units in which the combustion zone is arranged along the dust conveyance direction. And the air amount control means is configured to be able to independently control the amount of air supplied to the plurality of combustion units,
In the case where it is determined that the combustion is proper combustion by the sensing means, air is supplied at a preset ratio to the plurality of combustion units, and in the case where it is determined that the combustion is excessive combustion by the sensing means, The air amount control means having table information defining at least two types of ratios so that air is supplied to the plurality of combustion units at a preset ratio instead of the ratio. A garbage incinerator according to 1 or 2. A camera for photographing the combustion state in the incineration zone, and a burn-off point discriminating means for discriminating, as a burn-off point, a position at which the burning of dust ends from the position of the flame photographed by the camera; When it is determined that the combustion state is low, and when the burn-off point is determined by the burn-off point determination means to be displaced from the appropriate position to the downstream side of the conveyance, among the plurality of combustion units The processing amount of the air amount control means is set so as to increase the amount of air supplied to the predetermined position and to reduce the amount of air supplied to the combustion unit located downstream from the predetermined position in the dust transport direction. The garbage incinerator according to claim 3, wherein 5. A boiler for generating steam by heat generated during the combustion of refuse, and the sensing means is configured to determine a combustion state of the refuse incinerator based on an amount of steam generated by the boiler. Or a garbage incinerator according to item 1.

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