JP3669778B2 - Combustion control device for garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes a push-in mechanism that pushes dust into a furnace through a dust supply port, a stoker-type incineration treatment zone that carries out incineration while conveying the waste thrown in by the push-in mechanism, and a target processing amount of garbage. The present invention relates to a combustion control apparatus for a waste incinerator, comprising: a dust transfer control means for adjusting a dust input amount by the push-in mechanism and a dust transfer speed by the incineration zone to incinerate the waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As the dust transport control means in the combustion control device of the conventional dust incinerator, the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism and the incineration process along the plan line for achieving the target amount of daily garbage processing The amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism is such that the amount of generated steam from the waste heat boiler that adjusts the speed of transporting the waste by the belt and the steam generated by the combustion heat generated in the furnace becomes the target amount of steam. And adjusting the conveying speed of the garbage by the incineration treatment zone.
Then, an imaging means is provided for detecting the end position of the combustion flame of dust from the downstream side of the incineration zone, that is, the burnout position where gasification combustion ends, so that the burnout position falls within a predetermined range. The target value of heat loss was achieved by providing correction means for increasing or decreasing the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism determined by the transport control means and the speed of transport of dust by the incineration treatment zone.
For example, if the burnout position moves to the downstream side, the amount of heat loss may increase, so the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism and the dust conveyance speed by the incineration zone are corrected to decrease and burnout. If the position moves to the upstream side, there is a risk that the grate burning rate will decrease due to the out of dust, so the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism and the transport speed of dust by the incineration zone are corrected to increase.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to the above-described prior art, the correction means determines the correction amount based on the current burnout position of the dust determined from the combustion image input by the imaging means, and the detected burnout is determined. If the quality of the dust that exists upstream from the currently detected burnout position differs significantly because the combustion state of the dust upstream from the position is not considered, the combustion state for a long time There was a risk of worsening.
For example, if the current burnout position is on the downstream side, the dust input amount and the conveyance speed will be corrected to decrease, but at that time if there is a large amount of good quality garbage on the upstream side, If the burnout position suddenly shifts to the upstream side and the amount of remaining garbage in the furnace decreases, and if the current burnout position is on the upstream side, the amount of dust thrown in and the conveyance speed will be corrected to increase. However, if there is a large amount of bad quality waste on the upstream side at that time, the burnout position will suddenly shift to the downstream side and the amount of waste remaining in the furnace will increase. Even in this case, recovery is not easy.
Therefore, a weight detection mechanism is installed in the crane mechanism that transports the garbage to the garbage hopper installed above the push-in mechanism, and the apparent specific gravity of the dust is calculated based on the detected garbage weight by the weight detection mechanism, and the value is obtained. It is proposed to judge the quality of garbage before combustion based on this, but not only is it compacted in the garbage hopper, but it is not clear when the garbage transferred to the garbage hopper is put into the furnace There is a drawback that the quality of garbage cannot be accurately judged.
The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks and to detect the quality of the dust immediately after the start of combustion, which is upstream from the combustion center position, thereby predicting the future combustion state and continuing. The object of the present invention is to provide a combustion control device for a waste incinerator capable of performing stable dust combustion control.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, the characteristic configuration of the combustion control apparatus for a refuse incinerator according to the present invention includes a push-in mechanism for pushing dust into the furnace from a dust supply port, and conveying the dust thrown in by the push-in mechanism. A stoker-type incineration treatment zone for incineration, a waste transport control means for adjusting the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism to incinerate a target amount of waste, and a waste transport speed by the incineration zone Provided with infrared detection means for detecting the emission temperature of the dust in the ignition start area in the incineration treatment zone, and based on the detected dust surface temperature by the infrared detection means, the dust conveyance control means determined by the dust conveyance control means A correction means for correcting the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism or the target processing amount is provided.
Further, the correction means corrects the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism or the target processing amount to the reduction side when the detected dust surface temperature is lower than the low temperature side reference temperature for a predetermined time. It is preferable.
Further, the correction means corrects the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism or the target processing amount to the increase side when the detected dust surface temperature is higher than the high-temperature side reference temperature for a predetermined time. It is preferable.
[0005]
The operation will be described below.
There is no noticeable difference due to the quality of the garbage immediately after it is put into the furnace, and it is retained even if the influence of moisture can be grasped at the radiation temperature of the garbage after being charged and before ignition. The amount of heat cannot be determined. For example, even if only the moisture content is detected, such as crushed garbage with a large amount of heat even if it contains a lot of water, the subsequent combustion state cannot be predicted properly, but the ignition start detected by the infrared detection means According to the radiation temperature of the dust in the region, it is detected that the combustion temperature is high if it is high calorie dust, and the combustion temperature is low if it is low calorie dust, so that the subsequent combustion state can be estimated based on that value.
On the other hand, since the quality of the thrown-in waste usually does not fluctuate so much, it is possible to adjust the amount of dust supplied in advance while predicting the subsequent combustion state based on the temperature of dust detected by the infrared detection means. Even if the quality of the thrown-in dust changes drastically, the radiation temperature detection area is not so far from the dust supply port, so that the influence can be reduced. It is.
Furthermore, when judging the garbage quality, there is a state in which the detected garbage temperature is lower than the low temperature side reference temperature indicating low calorie garbage or higher than the high temperature side reference temperature indicating high calorie garbage. If it is a short time, it is determined that there will be no significant influence on the subsequent combustion state, so overcorrection can be avoided if correction is made only when those states continue for a predetermined time. .
[0006]
【The invention's effect】
Therefore, according to the present invention, dust that has just started combustion and that can perform stable dust combustion control continuously by detecting the quality of dust in the ignition region upstream of the combustion center position. An incinerator combustion control device can be provided.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the invention will be described below.
As shown in FIG. 1, the refuse incinerator includes a waste hopper 3 having a push-in mechanism 5 at the bottom, and a stoker-type incineration treatment zone 6 for incinerating the waste thrown in by the push-in mechanism 5 while conveying it. 7, 8, ash pit 4 for collecting ash treated by the incineration zones 6, 7, 8, and waste heat provided in the flue 2 formed in the space above the incineration zones 6, 7, 8 The boiler 16 and the exhaust gas treatment device 17 are configured.
[0008]
The push-in mechanism 5 reciprocates a push-in action member (not shown) that pushes the dust thrown into the dust hopper 3 toward the dust supply port 1 by the hydraulic cylinder C1 so as to throw the dust into the furnace. It is configured.
The incineration treatment zones 6, 7, and 8 include a drying zone 6 that dries while feeding the dust introduced from the inlet 1, and a combustion zone 7 that burns while carrying the dust dried in the drying zone 6. In addition, a post combustion zone 8 for ashing the waste burned in the combustion zone 7 is connected through stepped portions d1 and d2, and each processing zone is a grate G arranged in a slanting vertical position. Is constituted by a stoker mechanism that reciprocally moves the cylinder in a slanting vertical direction with hydraulic cylinders C2, C3, and C4.
A wind box 12 is separately provided at the lower part of each incineration treatment zone 6, 7, 8, and is configured such that air for drying and combustion is supplied by a blower 13 through a supply path 14. Is provided with a damper D for adjusting the air supply amount. The supply path 14 is provided with a heat exchanger T for adjusting the temperature of the drying / combustion air, and is provided with temperature control means 30 for adjusting the heating temperature according to the quality of dust.
The residue ashed in the post-combustion zone 8 falls on the ash chute 10 and is accumulated in the ash pit 4 by a conveyor mechanism.
The waste heat boiler 16 generates steam by the thermal energy held in the combustion exhaust gas secondary-combusted in the flue 2 and drives a steam turbine connected to the generator 18. The exhaust gas that has passed through the waste heat boiler 16 is exhausted from a chimney (not shown) through an exhaust gas treatment device 17 such as a bag filter or a smoke washing device.
[0009]
In the above-mentioned waste incinerator, the amount of steam detected by a steam amount detection sensor (not shown) provided in the waste heat boiler 16 is generated in the waste heat boiler 16 in order to incinerate the target amount of waste. Waste transport control means for adjusting the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism and the speed of transport of dust by the incineration treatment zones 6, 7, and 8 so that the target steam amount calculated and derived as the amount of steam to be generated 20 and a supply air amount control means (not shown) for adjusting the amount of air blown from each wind box 12 are provided.
Here, the target steam amount is the efficiency of the boiler due to the difference between the total heat quantity such as the average retained heat quantity of dust, the heat input quantity by combustion air, etc., and the total heat quantity such as the heat output quantity by exhaust gas and the loss heat quantity. The multiplied value is obtained as the amount of heat provided for steam generation, and the amount of steam generated by the amount of heat is calculated and obtained.
[0010]
On the downstream side wall of the rear combustion zone 8, there is provided a television camera 21 as an imaging means for detecting the combustion flame in the combustion zone 7, and an image of the combustion flame input by the television camera 21 is image processing means. The end position of gasification combustion, that is, the burnout position is detected by processing (not shown).
Based on the burnout position detected by the image processing means, the transport speed in the drying zone 6 or the combustion zone 7 by the dust transport control means 20, that is, the number of operations per unit time of the hydraulic cylinders C2 and C3 is determined. The first correcting means 20a for correcting is provided, and if the detected burnout position is on the downstream side of the allowable range, the number of operations per unit time is set so that the burnout position is on the upstream side in order to secure the target heat reduction amount. If the detected burnout position is on the upstream side of the allowable range, the number of operations per unit time is increased and corrected so that the burnout position is on the downstream side in order to avoid a decrease in the grate combustion rate.
[0011]
On the ceiling wall of the drying zone 6 is provided an infrared camera I as an infrared detection means facing the drying zone 6 to detect the radiation temperature of dust in the ignition start area in the incineration treatment zone.
More specifically, the infrared detecting means detects the radiation energy from the furnace corresponding to the black body radiation energy as shown in FIG. 2, and obtains the temperature. As shown in FIG. In order to avoid the infrared energy absorption band due to CO, CO ₂ , NOx, SOx, and H ₂ O in the flame ignited above, the infrared camera has a transmission wavelength of about 3.9 (3.6 to 4). A filter (not shown) of μm is attached, so that the radiant energy can be measured through the combustion flame in the dry zone 6.
The infrared camera I captures an image that passes through the filter and an image that does not pass through the filter, and an image processing means (not shown) detects a region where a temperature difference on the drying zone 6 in both images is detected. The region is determined to be an ignition region, and a region having a predetermined width immediately upstream is set as an ignition start region, and an average value of dust surface temperatures in the image through the filter in the region is obtained.
Based on the average value, there is provided second correction means 20b for correcting the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism determined by the dust transport control means 20, that is, the number of operations per unit time of the hydraulic cylinder C1. When the temperature lower than the low temperature side reference temperature continues for a predetermined time, the number of operations per unit time of the hydraulic cylinder C1 is lowered stepwise in a range of 10 to 30% depending on the temperature and time. In this case, it is possible to reduce the amount of dust input and avoid the transition to the poor combustion state.On the other hand, when the state higher than the high-temperature side reference temperature continues for a predetermined time, the temperature and time are By correcting the number of operations per unit time of the hydraulic cylinder C1 upward in a range of 10 to 30%, the amount of dust input is increased to make the dust run out. To avoid the line. When the burnout position falls within the appropriate region, the correction operation is canceled.
[0012]
Further, the temperature control means 30 adjusts the temperature of the drying / combustion air by the heat exchanger T based on the average value, and the air temperature that is normally maintained at about 70 ° C. to 100 ° C. is adjusted. When the state in which the average value is lower than the low temperature side reference temperature continues for a predetermined time, the air temperature for drying / combustion is increased from about 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. according to the degree, thereby promoting the drying / combustion of garbage. However, if the average value is higher than the high temperature side reference temperature for a predetermined time, the air temperature for drying / combustion is lowered to room temperature depending on the degree. Prevents grate burnout due to high temperature combustion.
[0013]
As described above, the combustion control device for a garbage incinerator has a push-in mechanism 5 that pushes dust into the furnace through the dust supply port 1 and an incineration process while conveying the garbage thrown in by the push-in mechanism 5. A stoker-type incineration treatment zone, and a trash conveyance control means 20 for adjusting a trash introduction amount by the push-in mechanism 5 and a trash conveyance speed by the incineration treatment zone to incinerate a target amount of trash. Provided with infrared detection means I for detecting the radiation temperature of the dust in the ignition start area in the incineration treatment zone, and is determined by the dust transport control means 20 based on the detected dust temperature by the infrared detection means I. Further, a correction means 20b for correcting the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism 5 or the target processing amount is provided.
[0014]
A part or all of the function realizing means such as the dust conveyance control means, burnout position detection means, infrared detection means, correction means, etc. described above are various computers such as microcomputers, memory circuits, and other known peripheral circuit techniques. It is configured by using.
[0015]
Another embodiment will be described below.
In the above-described embodiment, the infrared detecting means is provided with a filter having a wavelength of 3.9 μm and is configured to be used with an infrared camera that is switched between a mounted state and a non-mounted state. The wavelength is not limited to a 9 μm filter, and any wavelength can be used as long as it can avoid the infrared energy absorption band due to the gas interposed between the object to be measured and the radiation temperature measuring instrument 1, and an infrared ray equipped with a filter having a wavelength of 3.9 μm Two infrared cameras, that is, a camera and an infrared camera not equipped with the filter, may be provided to shoot separately. Furthermore, the infrared detection means is not limited to the infrared camera, and can be configured using a known infrared detection element as appropriate. For example, a spot type infrared sensor is provided so as to face the inside of the furnace from a measurement hole formed in the ceiling wall of the drying zone 6, and the dust surface temperature on the drying zone 6 has a spot diameter of several tens mm to several hundreds mm. A plurality of locations may be measured.
[0016]
The low temperature side reference temperature in the second correction means 20b is preferably about 900 ° C., and the high temperature side reference temperature is preferably about 1000 ° C., but is not limited to this value, and the average quality of the waste treated in each waste incinerator It may be determined appropriately based on the above. In addition, the predetermined time at that time is preferably about 15 to 30 minutes, but can be appropriately determined according to the scale of the furnace.
[0017]
In the above-described embodiment, the second correction unit 20b corrects the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism determined by the dust transport control unit 20, that is, the number of operations per unit time of the hydraulic cylinder C1. As described above, the target processing amount may be corrected. In other words, if the temperature lower than the low temperature side reference temperature continues for a predetermined time, the target processing amount is corrected downward in the range of a maximum of 10% depending on the degree, thereby reducing the amount of dust input and causing a poor combustion state. While avoiding the transition, if the temperature higher than the high temperature side reference temperature continues for a predetermined time, the amount of dust input is increased by correcting the target processing amount upward within a range of up to 10% depending on the degree. To avoid going out of garbage.
[0018]
In addition, although the code | symbol is written in order to make contrast with drawing convenient for the term of a claim, this invention is not limited to the structure of an accompanying drawing by this entry.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Fig. 1] Schematic configuration diagram of garbage incinerator [Fig. 2] Wavelength characteristic diagram of black body radiation energy [Fig. 3] Air permeability characteristic diagram [Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dust supply port 5 Push-in mechanism 20 Dust conveyance control means 20b Correction means I Infrared detection means

Claims (3)

A push-in mechanism (5) that pushes dust into the furnace through the dust supply port (1), a stoker-type incineration treatment zone that incinerates the dust thrown in by the push-in mechanism (5), Waste incineration provided with waste transfer control means (20) for adjusting the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism (5) and the speed of transfer of dust by the incineration zone to incinerate a target amount of waste. A furnace combustion control device,
Infrared detection means (I) for detecting the emission temperature of dust in the ignition start area in the incineration treatment zone is provided, and based on the detected dust surface temperature by the infrared detection means (I), the dust conveyance control means (20) A combustion control apparatus for a refuse incinerator provided with correction means (20b) for correcting the determined amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism (5) or the target processing amount. The correction means (20b) reduces the amount of dust input or the target processing amount by the push-in mechanism (5) when the detected dust surface temperature is lower than the low temperature side reference temperature for a predetermined time. 2. A combustion control apparatus for a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the combustion control apparatus corrects to the side. The correction means (20b) increases the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism (5) or the target processing amount when the detected dust surface temperature is higher than the high temperature side reference temperature for a predetermined time. The combustion control apparatus for a refuse incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the combustion control apparatus corrects the side.

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