JP3315036B2 - Combustion control device of garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dust hopper provided with a push-in mechanism at a bottom portion, into which dust is maintained by a crane mechanism so that the dust volume is maintained at a predetermined level.
A stoker-type incineration zone for incineration while transporting the refuse introduced into the furnace by the intrusion mechanism, the amount of refuse input by the intrusion mechanism for incinerating a target amount of refuse, and the incineration The present invention relates to a combustion control device for a refuse incinerator provided with refuse transfer control means for adjusting a refuse transfer speed by a treatment zone.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A garbage transfer control means in a conventional garbage incinerator combustion control apparatus includes a garbage input amount by the pushing-in mechanism according to a plan line for achieving a target garbage processing amount per day. And the push-in mechanism so that the amount of steam generated from a waste heat boiler that adjusts the transfer speed of refuse by the incineration zone or generates steam by the combustion heat generated in the furnace becomes the target steam amount. There is a method in which the amount of refuse charged by the refuse and the speed at which refuse is conveyed by the incineration zone are adjusted. Then, an image pickup means for detecting the end position of the combustion flame of the refuse from the downstream side of the incineration treatment zone, that is, the burn-out position where the gasification combustion ends, is provided. The target value of the amount of burning reduction has been achieved by providing correction means for increasing and decreasing the amount of dust input by the pushing-in mechanism determined by the transfer control means and the transfer speed of dust by the incineration treatment zone. For example, if the burn-off position moves to the downstream side, the burning loss may increase, so the amount of dust input by the pushing-in mechanism and the transport speed of the dust by the incineration zone are reduced and corrected, and If the position moves to the upstream side, there is a possibility that the grate combustion rate may decrease due to exhaustion of dust, so that the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism and the transport speed of dust by the incineration zone are corrected to be increased.

[0003]

However, according to the above-mentioned prior art, the correction means determines the correction amount based on the current burn-off position of the dust determined from the combustion image input by the imaging means. Because it did not take into account the combustion state of garbage upstream of the detected burn-off position, garbage with a high water content or low calorie was found upstream of the currently detected burn-off position. When a large amount of refuse is present, the combustion state may be deteriorated for a long time. Therefore, a weight detection mechanism is installed in a crane mechanism that conveys dust to the dust hopper installed above the pushing-in mechanism, and the apparent specific gravity of the dust is determined based on the weight of the dust detected by the weight detection mechanism. It is proposed to judge the quality of the garbage before combustion based on the garbage.However, not only does the garbage become compacted in the garbage hopper, but it is not clear when the garbage conveyed to the garbage hopper is put into the furnace. However, there is a disadvantage that the quality of the garbage cannot be accurately determined. An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned conventional disadvantages, and to continuously and stably control refuse combustion by detecting the quality of refuse immediately after the start of combustion and upstream of the combustion center position. It is another object of the present invention to provide a refuse incinerator combustion control device that can be used.

[0004]

In order to achieve this object, a combustion control device for a refuse incinerator according to the present invention has the following features.
Equipped with a push-in mechanism at the bottom, and a crane mechanism
Garbage is thrown in so that the capacity is maintained at a predetermined level.
Waste hopper and the pushing-in mechanism,
A stoker-type incinerator that transports the entered garbage while incinerating it
Before the incineration zone and incineration of the target amount of garbage
Injection amount of garbage by the push-in mechanism and incineration
Garbage transfer control hand that adjusts the garbage transfer speed by the treatment zone
And burning of garbage in the drying zone of the incineration zone.
With a combustion control device of a garbage incinerator with a set ignition area
The ignition region is determined by image processing, and
The ignition start area is defined as an area having a predetermined width on the side.
The infrared detection means for detecting the radiation temperature of the dust in the area is
Provided to face the drying zone, provided the dust charged amount detection means for detecting a dust charging amount into the furnace, Ri by said infrared detection means
The dust surface temperature, which is the radiation temperature of the dust in the ignition start area , and the dust input amount per unit time into the furnace detected by the dust input amount detecting means. A correction means is provided for correcting the amount of dust input by the pushing-in mechanism determined by the transport control means or the transport speed of dust by the incineration zone.

The operation will be described below. There is no remarkable difference in the radiation temperature of the garbage immediately after being introduced into the furnace, depending on the quality of the garbage. The amount of heat cannot be determined. For example, even if only the degree of water content is detected, such as crushed garbage that generates a large amount of heat even with a large amount of water, the subsequent combustion state cannot be properly controlled. According to the radiation temperature of the ignition start area, it is detected that the combustion temperature is high for high-calorie garbage and low for low-calorie garbage,
The subsequent combustion state can be estimated based on the value. Further, the combustion state in the combustion area before the detection of the radiation temperature of the ignition start area of the dust by the above-mentioned infrared detection means can be found from the dust input amount per unit time into the furnace.
For example, in the case of using the amount of dust input per unit time to the dust hopper as the amount of dust input into the furnace per unit time, if the amount of dust input is large, the dust quality is good and the combustion state is good. If the amount of garbage per unit time input to the garbage hopper is small, the quality of the garbage is poor and the combustion state is deteriorating. is there. Therefore, the correction means considers the current dust burning state based on the detected dust input amount by the dust input amount detecting means and the future dust burning state based on the detected dust surface temperature detected by the infrared detecting means. The amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism determined by the means, or the transport speed of dust by the incineration zone is corrected. For example, when it is determined that the current garbage burning state is poor based on the detected garbage input amount, and when it is determined based on the detected garbage surface temperature that the future garbage burning state is good, the burn-out position is predicted to shift to the upstream side. And the amount of garbage input in advance,
Or, the conveyance speed is increased and corrected, and it is determined that the current dust combustion state is good based on the detected dust input amount,
When it is determined that the burning state of dust in the future will be deteriorated based on the detected dust surface temperature, the burn-out position is predicted to shift to the downstream side, and the dust input amount or the transport speed is corrected to be reduced in advance. . Furthermore, when judging the dust quality, the detected dust surface temperature is lower than the low-temperature reference temperature indicating low-calorie dust, or is higher than the high-temperature reference temperature indicating high-calorie dust. If it is a short time, it is determined that it will not have a significant effect on the subsequent combustion state, so if correction is applied only when those states continue for a predetermined time, overcorrection can be avoided It is.

[0006]

Therefore, according to the present invention, the present state of refuse combustion based on the amount of refuse charged into the furnace per unit time and the future state of refuse combustion based on the radiant temperature of the igniting start area of the refuse Thus, it is possible to provide a combustion control device of a refuse incinerator that can continuously and stably control refuse combustion by detecting the refuse.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. As shown in FIG. 1, the garbage incinerator includes a garbage hopper 3 provided with a push-in mechanism 5 at the bottom thereof, and a stoker-type incineration zone 6 for performing incineration while transporting the trash introduced by the push-in mechanism 5. 7, 8 and an ash pit 4 for collecting ash treated by the incineration zones 6, 7, 8;
A waste heat boiler 16 and an exhaust gas treatment device 17 provided in a flue 2 formed in the space above the incineration zones 6, 7, 8 are provided.

The pushing-in mechanism 5 reciprocates a pushing action body (not shown) for pushing the dust put in the dust hopper 3 toward the dust supply port 1 by the hydraulic cylinder C1 to put dust into the furnace. It is configured to do so. An ultrasonic dust level sensor 3 for detecting the volume of dust accumulated in the hopper from above the dust hopper 3
a is provided, and the push-in mechanism 5 detects a dust level in the hopper that decreases as the dust is charged into the furnace, so that a predetermined reference dust level is always secured.
Garbage in a garbage pit (not shown) is thrown in by a crane mechanism (not shown). The incineration zones 6, 7, 8
A drying zone 6 for drying while transporting the dust input from the input port 1, a combustion zone 7 for transporting and burning the dust dried in the drying zone 6, and a refuse burned in the combustion zone 7 The post-combustion zone 8 to be ashed is continuously provided via the steps d1 and d2, and each treatment zone is provided with a hydraulic cylinder C2 provided with a grate G arranged in an oblique vertical position separately. The stoker mechanism is configured to reciprocate obliquely up and down by C3 and C4. Each incineration zone 6, 7, 8
Each of the wind boxes 12 is provided with a wind box 12 at a lower portion thereof, and air for drying and burning is supplied by a blower 13 through a supply path 14. D is provided. The supply path 14 is provided with a heat exchanger T for controlling the temperature of combustion air, and is provided with a temperature control means 30 for adjusting a heating temperature depending on the quality of dust. The residue ashed in the post-combustion zone 8 falls on the ash chute 10 and is accumulated in the ash pit 4 by a conveyor mechanism.
The waste heat boiler 16 generates steam by thermal energy possessed by the flue gas that has been secondarily burned in the flue 2,
The steam turbine connected to the generator 18 is driven. The exhaust gas passing through the waste heat boiler 16 is exhausted from a chimney (not shown) through an exhaust gas treatment device 17 such as a bag filter or a smoke washing device.

In the above-mentioned waste incinerator, the amount of steam detected by a steam amount detection sensor (not shown) provided in the waste heat boiler 16 in order to incinerate a target amount of waste is in accordance with the waste heat boiler. And the incineration zones 6, 7, 8 so that the amount of refuse introduced by the pushing-in mechanism is equal to the target amount of steam calculated and derived as the amount of steam to be generated in step 16.
Transport control means 2 for adjusting the transport speed of dust by the
0, and a supply air amount control means (not shown) for adjusting the amount of air blown from each of the wind boxes 12 is provided. here,
The target steam amount is a value obtained by multiplying a difference between a total assumed heat amount such as an average heat amount of garbage assumed in advance, a heat input amount due to combustion air, and a total heat output amount such as a heat output amount due to exhaust gas and a lost heat amount by a boiler efficiency. Is obtained as the amount of heat supplied to the steam generation, and the amount of steam generated by the amount of heat is calculated and obtained.

A dust input amount detecting means D is provided for detecting the amount of dust input to the dust hopper 3 to indirectly detect the current state of the dust being burned in the combustion zone 7. That is, the amount of dust introduced into the furnace by the push-in mechanism 5 is adjusted by the dust transport control means 20, so that the amount of dust added increases when the combustion state is good, and increases when the combustion state is poor. Means less garbage input. As a result, the crane mechanism operates so that the dust level detected by the dust level detection sensor 3a secures a predetermined reference dust level, so that the number of dusts input to the dust hopper 3 by the crane mechanism and the crane mechanism From the value of the provided load cell (not shown), the weight of the refuse charged into the furnace per unit time is detected.

On the ceiling wall of the drying zone 6, the drying zone 6
An infrared camera I is provided as infrared detection means for detecting the radiation temperature of dust in the ignition start area in the incineration zone. More specifically, the infrared detecting means detects the radiation energy from the inside of the furnace corresponding to the black body radiation energy as shown in FIG. 2 to determine the temperature. As shown in FIG. CO, CO ₂ , NOx, SOx in the flame ignited above, and H ₂ O
A filter (not shown) having a transmission wavelength of about 3.9 (3.6 to 4) μm is attached to the infrared camera in order to avoid an infrared energy absorption band due to It is configured so that the radiant energy can be measured through the combustion flame. By the infrared camera I,
An image that has passed through the filter and an image that has not passed through the filter are taken, and an area where a temperature difference on the dry zone 6 in both images is detected by an image processing unit (not shown) is determined to be an ignition area. An area having a predetermined width immediately upstream thereof is defined as an ignition start area, and an average value of dust surface temperatures in an image through the filter in the area is obtained. Based on the weight of the garbage charged into the furnace per unit time described above and the average value of the garbage surface temperature described above, a future transition of the burn-out position of the garbage in the combustion zone 7 is predicted. Correction means 20b is provided for correcting the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism determined by the transfer control means 20, that is, the number of times the hydraulic cylinder C1 operates per unit time. For example, as shown in FIG.
If the amount of dust introduced into the furnace is detected to be large based on the weight of the dust entered into the furnace per unit time, and if the average value of the dust surface temperature is lower than the low-side reference temperature for a predetermined time, It is determined that the burn-off position of the dust will shift to the downstream side in the future, and the number of operations per unit time of the hydraulic cylinder C1 is corrected downward by about 10% according to the degree thereof, thereby reducing the amount of dust to be injected and burning. While avoiding the transition to the defective state, it is detected that the amount of dust introduced into the furnace is small based on the weight of dust introduced into the furnace per unit time, and the average value of the dust surface temperature is higher than the high-temperature side reference temperature. If the high state continues for a predetermined time, it is determined that the burn-out position of dust will be shifted to the upstream side in the future, and the number of operations of the hydraulic cylinder C1 per unit time is increased by about 10% depending on the degree. Increasing the input of waste by correcting to avoid the migration of the dust out state. That is, the presence or absence of the correction and the correction amount are determined based on the combination of the matrices shown in FIG. 4 to perform the correction. here,
The correction amount is not limited to this value and may be set as appropriate.

Further, the temperature control means 30 adjusts the temperature of the air for combustion by the heat exchanger T based on the average value of the surface temperature of the refuse, and always maintains the temperature at about 70 ° C. to 100 ° C. The air temperature to be performed, when the average value is lower than the low-temperature side reference temperature for a predetermined time,
Depending on the degree, the air temperature for combustion can be increased from about 150 ° C to 20 ° C.
While increasing the temperature to 0 ° C. to promote the drying and burning of garbage to avoid shifting to a poor combustion state, if the state in which the average value is higher than the high-side reference temperature continues for a predetermined time, the degree Thus, the temperature of the combustion air is reduced to room temperature to prevent the grate from burning due to high-temperature combustion.

As described above, the combustion control device of the refuse incinerator has a push-in mechanism 5 at the bottom, and a trash hopper 3 into which refuse is charged by a crane mechanism so that the refuse volume is maintained at a predetermined level. Stoker-type incineration zones 6, 7, 8 for incineration while conveying the refuse introduced into the furnace by the intrusion mechanism 5, and refuse by the intrusion mechanism 5 for incinerating a target amount of refuse. And a dust transport control means 20 for adjusting the amount of waste and the transport speed of the dust by the incineration zones 6, 7, 8 for detecting the radiation temperature of the ignition start area of the dust in the incineration zone 6. Infrared detecting means I, and dust input amount detecting means D for detecting the amount of dust input into the furnace are provided, and the dust temperature detected by the infrared detecting means I;
Correction means 20b for correcting the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism 5 determined by the dust transfer control means 20 based on the amount of dust input per unit time into the furnace by the dust input amount detection means D. Is provided.

Some or all of the function realizing means such as the above-described dust transport control means, infrared detecting means, dust input amount detecting means, and correcting means may be implemented by various computers such as microcomputers, memory circuits, and other known peripherals. It is configured using circuit technology.

Hereinafter, another embodiment will be described. In the above-described embodiment, the infrared detecting means has been described as an infrared camera provided with a filter having a wavelength of 3.9 μm and used by switching between a mounted state and a non-mounted state. The wavelength is not limited to a 9 μm filter, but may be any wavelength as long as it can avoid an infrared energy absorption band due to a gas interposed between the object to be measured and the radiation temperature measuring instrument 1, and an infrared ray equipped with a 3.9 μm wavelength filter Two infrared cameras, a camera and an infrared camera not equipped with the filter, may be provided to separately capture images. Furthermore, the infrared detecting means is not limited to an infrared camera, and can be configured using a known infrared detecting element as appropriate. For example, a spot-type infrared sensor is provided so as to face the inside of the furnace from a measurement hole formed in the ceiling wall of the drying zone 6, and the surface temperature of the dust on the drying zone 6 is set to a spot diameter of several tens mm to several hundred mm. May be configured to measure at a plurality of locations.

The reference temperature on the low temperature side in the correction means 20b is preferably about 900 ° C., and the reference temperature on the high temperature side is about 1000 ° C.
However, the value is not limited to this value, and may be determined as appropriate based on the average quality of the refuse treated in each refuse incinerator. Further, the predetermined time at that time is preferably about 15 to 30 minutes, but can be appropriately determined according to the scale of the furnace.

In the above embodiment, the correction means 20b
In the above description, the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism 5 determined by the dust transfer control means 20, that is, the number of times of operation of the hydraulic cylinder C1 per unit time is corrected, but the target processing amount is corrected. You may comprise.
In other words, it is detected that the amount of dust introduced into the furnace is large based on the weight of the dust introduced into the furnace per unit time, and if a state in which the temperature is lower than the low-temperature reference temperature continues for a predetermined time, the target is determined according to the degree. The amount of garbage introduced into the furnace is calculated based on the amount of garbage introduced into the furnace per unit time, while reducing the amount of garbage introduced into the furnace and correcting the amount of garbage introduced into the furnace. Is detected as low, and if the state higher than the high-side reference temperature continues for a predetermined time,
By correcting the target processing amount upward according to the degree, the amount of dust input is increased to avoid shifting to a dust-out state.

In the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which the correction means 20b corrects the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism 5; Instead of correcting the amount of dust input by the input mechanism 5, the drying zone 6
, That is, the number of operations of the hydraulic cylinder C2 per unit time may be corrected.
For example, when it is detected that the amount of dust put into the furnace is large from the weight of dust put into the furnace per unit time, and the state in which the average value of the dust surface temperature is lower than the low-side reference temperature has continued for a predetermined time. It is determined that the burn-out position of the dust will shift to the downstream side in the future, and the number of times of operation of the hydraulic cylinder C2 per unit time is corrected downward by about 10% depending on the degree thereof, thereby reducing the dust transfer speed. In addition to avoiding the transition to a poor combustion state by promoting drying, the amount of dust introduced into the furnace per unit time is detected as small and the amount of dust introduced into the furnace is detected. If the average value is higher than the high-temperature side reference temperature for a predetermined time, it is determined that the burn-out position of dust will shift to the upstream side in the future, and the unit time of the hydraulic cylinder C2 will be determined depending on the degree. It is to avoid the migration by increasing the conveying speed of the dust in the dust out condition by correcting the Rino operating times above about 10%. Further, in the case where the combustion zone 7 is configured in two stages, the effect is increased by correcting the transport speed of the upstream stage of the combustion zone 7 in addition to the correction of the drying zone 6 described above. .

In the above embodiment, the dust input amount detecting means D for detecting the amount of dust input into the furnace is configured to detect the amount of dust input to the dust hopper 3. Means D may be obtained based on the number of operations by the pushing-in mechanism 5 and the average amount of dust pushed in at one time. However, in this case, since the dust in the dust hopper is compacted, Somewhat inaccurate.

In the claims, reference numerals are provided for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in the attached drawings.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a garbage incinerator.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing wavelength characteristics of black body radiation energy.

FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of the transmittance of the atmosphere.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of correction amount data by a correction unit;

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 dust supply port 5 push-in mechanism 20 dust transport control means 20b correction means D dust input amount detection means I infrared detection means

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A push-in mechanism (5) is provided at the bottom,
A garbage hopper (3) into which garbage is charged so that the garbage volume is maintained at a predetermined level by a crane mechanism, and a stoker-type stoker type for incineration while transferring the garbage charged into the furnace by the forcing-in mechanism (5). An incineration zone and a dust transport control means (20) for adjusting the amount of dust input by the push-in mechanism (5) and the dust transport speed by the incineration zone to incinerate the target amount of dust. Equipped with a garbage that starts burning garbage in the drying zone of the incineration zone.
A combustion control apparatus for waste incinerators that have set fire areas, to determine the ignition region in the image processing, predetermined its immediately upstream
The area of the width is set as the ignition start area, and the ignition start area is marked.
The infrared detecting means (I) for detecting the radiation temperature of
Provided to face the燥帯(6), the dust charged amount detection means for detecting a dust charging amount into the furnace (D) provided, the ignition open to the detected Ri by the infrared detection means (I)
Based on the dust surface temperature, which is the radiation temperature of the dust in the starting area , and the dust input amount per unit time into the furnace by the dust input detecting means (D), A combustion control device for a refuse incinerator provided with a correction means (20b) for correcting the determined amount of refuse introduced by the pushing-in mechanism (5) or the transport speed of refuse by the incineration zone. 2. The correction means (20b), when the state in which the detected dust surface temperature is lower than the low-side reference temperature continues for a predetermined time and the detected dust input amount is larger than a reference input amount, 2. The combustion control device for a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the correction is performed in the negative direction. 3. The correction means performs a positive correction when the state in which the detected dust surface temperature is higher than the high-side reference temperature continues for a predetermined time and the detected dust input amount is smaller than the reference input amount. The combustion control device for a refuse incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: