WO2023275131A1 - Fügeverbindung, umfassend ein glas, glas, insbesondere zur herstellung einer fügeverbindung sowie durchführung umfassend ein glas und/oder eine fügeverbindung sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Fügeverbindung, umfassend ein glas, glas, insbesondere zur herstellung einer fügeverbindung sowie durchführung umfassend ein glas und/oder eine fügeverbindung sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023275131A1 WO2023275131A1 PCT/EP2022/067865 EP2022067865W WO2023275131A1 WO 2023275131 A1 WO2023275131 A1 WO 2023275131A1 EP 2022067865 W EP2022067865 W EP 2022067865W WO 2023275131 A1 WO2023275131 A1 WO 2023275131A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- mol
- less
- content
- joint connection
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 338
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 La20 3 Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001055 inconels 600 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001090 inconels X-750 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000005394 sealing glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101100452003 Caenorhabditis elegans ape-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000174 eucryptite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolanthaniooxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[La]O[La]=O KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/11—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen
- C03C3/112—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen containing fluorine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/0018—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/02—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing by fusing glass directly to metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
- C03C3/093—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/097—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/11—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/06—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/08—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/24—Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions, i.e. for use as seals between dissimilar materials, e.g. glass and metal; Glass solders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
- H01R9/16—Fastening of connecting parts to base or case; Insulating connecting parts from base or case
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
- B60R2021/26029—Ignitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
- H01R2201/26—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for vehicles
Definitions
- Joint connection comprising a glass, glass, in particular for producing a joint connection and implementation comprising a glass and/or a joint connection, and method for the production thereof
- the invention generally relates to a joint connection comprising a glass and a joint partner, in particular a joint connection comprising a glass, which can also be at least partially crystallized or at least partially crystallized. Further aspects relate to a glass, in particular a glass for producing a joint, in particular comprising at least one joining partner, and a leadthrough (or a leadthrough element) which comprises such a glass and/or such a joint. Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for producing such a joint and/or such a leadthrough.
- feedthroughs which can also be referred to as feedthrough elements
- Feedthroughs generally include a joint, include an electrically insulating component and at least two parts to be joined. At least the at least two joining partners are held together in an electrically insulated manner by the electrically insulating component.
- the insulating component can generally comprise an insulator, in particular a glass, or also consist of an insulator, for example a glass. Glasses are particularly advantageous because they become such in the manufacturing process Joint connection and/or a passage, the glass at least partially melts and glazes onto the joint partner or partners, ie a connection, in particular a material connection, is created between the glass and the joint partner and a correspondingly good connection to them can be produced.
- glasses are very well suited as components of an electrically insulating component in such joints and/or in corresponding feedthroughs, since they are not only electrically insulating, but are also suitable for the production of very tight, preferably hermetically tight, joints.
- Joining connections for use in bushings are partly used in mechanically particularly stressed areas, for example also in the airbag igniters mentioned at the outset.
- This requires high-strength joints or corresponding high-strength bushings.
- the provision of such high-strength bushings or joints is contrary to a trend towards increasing miniaturization of components, which means that due to the reduction in size of the component and thus, for example, the contact surface between the glass and the joining partner or the joining partners, the mechanical strength of the Connection or implementation of this connection reduced.
- At least partially crystallizing or at least partially crystallized glasses as components of an electrically insulating component.
- a crystallite or crystal structure can form in which the crystallites or crystals in the at least partially crystallized glass are interlocked, for example, and thus advantageously support or increase the strength of the electrically insulating component .can increase.
- US Pat. No. 7,989,373 B2 describes materials for hermetically sealing surfaces, for example surfaces of a porous ceramic substrate.
- a joint connection is not described, in particular no joint connection which could be used for airbag igniters.
- European patent application EP 0982274 A2 describes glass solders which can be used in fuel cells, for example. However, joints such as are used, for example, for airbag igniters or in passages for airbag igniters are not described. In particular, the glasses according to EP 982274 A2 do not exhibit sufficient glass extrusion forces and clear formation of bubbles.
- the international patent application WO 2014/107631 A1 relates to glasses with a high content of divalent metal oxides of more than 40 mol %, which are used in fuel cells. Joining connections suitable for airbag igniters are not described.
- the European patent application EP 3 450410 A1 describes a tubular glass product for sealing a metal.
- the glasses have a relatively low Content of alkaline earth metal oxides and a comparatively high content of glass images. High-strength joints are not described.
- the US patent application US 2019/0023605 A1 describes a sealing glass for a passage in a refrigerator or a refrigeration system, wherein the glass does not shrink too much at the glass transition temperature or in a temperature range around the glass transition temperature, in order to avoid cracking.
- Joining connections with very high strength are not described, in particular no joining connections which are used with a high glass extrusion force and/or airbag igniters or in passages for airbag igniters.
- US patent application US 2005/0277541 A1 describes a glass frit of a sealing glass, suitable in particular for fuel cells.
- US patent application US 2006/0019813 A1 relates to sealing glasses for fuel cells.
- US patent application US 2006/0172875 A1 describes a sealing glass with a low alkali content, which can be used in particular for fuel cells. Joining connections for example for airbag igniters or suitable for such are not mentioned.
- US patent application US 2009/0325349 A1 describes a material for encapsulating semiconductors for applications in the range of 500°C.
- European patent application EP 1 083 155 A1 describes a ceramic glass frit for glazes.
- the object of the invention is to provide a joint which at least partially reduces the weaknesses of the prior art. Further aspects of the present invention relate to a glass, in particular for production and/or use in a joint, a method for producing a joint and a joint obtained according to the method, a leadthrough which comprises a joint according to the present disclosure, and its use.
- the present disclosure therefore relates to a joint, in particular a joint for an airbag igniter or usable in a feedthrough for an airbag igniter, comprising an electrically insulating component and at least two joining partners, with at least the two joining partners being held together in an electrically insulated manner by the electrically insulating component.
- the insulating component comprises a glass, preferably a glass comprising at most 2 to 3% by volume of crystals and/or crystallites, very particularly preferably an essentially crystallite-free glass, or consists of this.
- the joint connection preferably has a maximum value of the glass extrusion force, preferably determined for a glazing length of 3 mm or up to 3 mm, but of at least 0.5 mm, of more than 3900 N, preferably of at least 4000 N.
- the glass extrusion force is preferably determined as the mean value of the glass extrusion force for a total of 12 to 25 joints.
- the glass squeezing force can preferably be determined in a method for determining the squeezing force as described below.
- the glass pressing force is only slightly dependent on the exact glazing length, in particular in the glazing length range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm or in particular from 2 to 3 mm.
- a glass extrusion force can also be specified for each mm of glazing length.
- the glass extrusion force is preferably more than 1300 N per mm of glazing length, in particular at least 1330 N per mm of glazing length, preferably at least in a range of glazing lengths from 0.5 mm to 5 mm or from 2 to 3 mm.
- a joint connection is mounted in a receptacle or a holder by a clamping device, with the clamping device having a lower and an upper part.
- a test needle is arranged on the upper part of the clamping device, which presses on the joint. The force at which the joint yields can be determined by linearly increasing the force with which the test needle presses on the joint.
- the glass generally comprises
- a metal oxide of the general formula MO a glass-forming metal and/or semimetal oxide, GB, being understood in particular as SiCk, Al2O3, B2O3, ZrCk , La2O3, P2O5, Fe203 and/or T1O2 and/or mixtures thereof, a metal oxide of the general formula MO being in particular what is meant is an alkaline earth metal or ZnO, and the molar ratio of the sum of the metal oxides, MO, comprised by the glass to the sum of the glass images, GB, comprised by the glass, is between at least 0.29 and at most 0.59.
- the molar ratio £MO/£GB can be at least 0.29, preferably at least 0.30, particularly preferably at least 0.31. According to one embodiment, the molar ratio £MO/£GB is at most 0.58, preferably at most 0.55.
- the glazing length is generally understood to mean the shortest length of the interface between the electrically insulating component and a joint partner of the joint in the axial direction. Due to the formation of a meniscus, it is possible here that the glazing length can be designed differently for the two joining partners.
- a preferably materially bonded connection is formed between the glass, which is encompassed by the electrically insulating component or from which the electrically insulating component consists, and at least one joining partner, preferably both joining partners.
- Such a joint connection is very advantageous.
- a very high strength can be obtained in a resulting joint, in particular also for rather short glazing lengths of only 3 mm or 2 mm, for example.
- bushings that can be used in airbag igniters.
- glass extrusion forces as specified above are possible.
- a glass it is generally possible for a glass to comprise only crystals, or only crystallites, or a mixture of crystallites and crystals. With regard to the content of crystals and/or crystallites in the glass, reference is always made to the total content of the crystalline phases comprised by a glass.
- a glass is generally understood to mean an inorganic, non-metallic, oxidic product produced from a melting process, which is at least partially amorphous, in particular X-ray amorphous.
- the glass according to the present disclosure can also comprise crystals or crystallites or generally crystalline phases, ie it can be designed as at least partially crystallized glass.
- the only low content of crystalline phases, ie crystals and/or crystallites, in the glass according to embodiments can on the one hand facilitate the production of a joint connection and accordingly also implementation. For example, it is not necessary for a nucleation step to be carried out during glazing. Furthermore, it has even been shown that in this way, ie in particular with a glass according to embodiments, which can only have a low volume crystallization, simplified assembly methods are even possible.
- the electrically insulating component directly, i.e. without a grinding process following the glass melt and subsequent production of a compact from or comprising a glass powder.
- the glass can therefore be particularly advantageous for the production of centrosymmetric designs of the electrically insulating component in particular, since in this case the production of a glass tube, which already essentially corresponds to those of a later electrically insulating component in terms of geometric dimensions, already after the melt and shaping a blank of the electronically insulating component can be obtained without grinding and pressing steps are necessary.
- this design of the joint connection or a passage according to embodiments and/or the simplified production of such a joint connection and/or passage can be further supported by a suitable selection of the joining partners and/or the glass.
- the glass comprises only a small amount of crystalline phases
- a high content of crystalline phases in a glass according to embodiments can be achieved, for example, in a joint comprising this glass, for example, when the electrically insulating component is produced via a sintering route.
- the grain boundaries in a compact are often the starting point for crystallization.
- a different shape is chosen, for example a tube pass, it may also be possible to achieve lower degrees of crystallization for the same glass composition.
- the glass further comprises at least one network modifier, NW, of the general formula R 2 O, a network modifier NW of the general formula R 2 O being understood in particular as an alkali metal oxide.
- NW network modifier
- the network modifier R 2 O can be or include Na 2 O, LhO , CS 2 O, K 2 O, RbO and also any mixtures thereof, in particular Na 2 O, K 2 O, LEO and any mixtures thereof.
- the addition of at least one network modifier, in particular an alkali metal oxide or several alkali metal oxides, can also increase the thermal expansion coefficient of the resulting glass, which is particularly advantageous if the thermal expansion coefficient corresponds particularly well to that of a metallic joining partner should match. This is because, as a rule, metallic materials have relatively high coefficients of thermal expansion compared to glass.
- the thermal expansion coefficient is understood to mean the linear thermal expansion coefficient a, in particular with regard to glassy materials, which can be determined in particular in the temperature interval between 20° C. and 300° C.
- the sum of all metal or semimetal oxides, GB, of the general formula RO2 or R2O3 comprised by the glass is at least 50 mol% and preferably at most 70 mol%, and/or
- NW the sum of all network modifiers, comprised by the glass, of the general formula R2O from at least 9 mol% to at most 20 mol%, preferably from at least 10 mol% to preferably at most 19 mol%, and/or
- the sum of all of the glass comprised metal oxides of the general formula MO more than 15 mol% to preferably at most 35 mol%.
- the content of at least one component or group of components i.e. at least the glass former GB and/or the metal oxides MO and/or the network modifier NW, is within a certain range.
- the sum of all metal or semimetal oxides, GB, of the general formula RO2 or R2O3 comprised by the glass is at least 50 mol % to preferably at most 70 mol %.
- a relatively low content of glass formers in a glass can be advantageous in particular for lowering the melting temperature, because the viscosity generally also increases with the content of glass formers, which are advantageous for the formation of a stable, in particular three-dimensionally linked, network.
- a low content of glass formers in a glass is also unfavorable for the glass stability, since the degree of crystallization also decreases with the increasing degree of crosslinking and increasing viscosity.
- the sum of all metal oxides of the general formula MO comprised by the glass is more than 15 mol % and preferably up to at most 35 mol %.
- the advantageous ratio of the metal oxides MO to the glass formers comprised by the glass be set, which leads to the formation of the advantageous strong glass with only low volume crystallization of the glass or the joint connection or implementation according to the disclosure.
- the inventors also assume that in this way a particularly good glass structure, which resembles what is known as “inverted glass”, is obtained, which has surprisingly good elastic properties which surprisingly lead to good glass extrusion force.
- the total content of all metal oxides of the general formula MO comprised by the glass is more than 18 mol %.
- the sum of all network modifiers, NW, comprised by the glass, of the general formula R2O is from at least 9 mol% to at most 20 mol%, preferably from at least 10 mol% to preferably at most 19 mol -%, amounts to.
- the S1O2 content of the glass is generally, without limitation to a specific exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, at least 45 mol%, preferably at least 47 mol%, particularly preferably at least 49 mol% and in particular at most 67 mol% , preferably at most 65 mol %, particularly preferably at most 63 mol %, very particularly preferably at most 61 mol %.
- S1O2 is a glass former and in the glasses according to the present disclosure particularly contributes to the stability of the glass against devitrification.
- the S1O2 content of the glass should therefore not be too low and, according to one embodiment, is at least 45 mol %, preferably at least 47 mol %, particularly preferably at least 49 mol %.
- the S1O2 content of the glass is preferably limited, in particular also so that excessively high melting temperatures and/or melt viscosities are not reached. Therefore, according to a further embodiment, the glass content is at most 63 mol %, preferably at most 61 mol %. Surprisingly, it has been shown that, despite a relatively low S1O2 content, a glass can be obtained which enables sufficient strength in a joint.
- the glasses according to embodiments have only a very low tendency to crystallize, as is shown in particular by the low contents of crystals and/or crystallites in the glass according to embodiments. As stated, their content is preferably at most 3% by volume, preferably even at most 2% by volume, particularly preferably at most 1% by volume, it even being possible and even being particularly preferred for the glass to be crystalline or crystallite-free.
- the Na2O content of the glass is generally, without limitation to a specific exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, at least 2 mol %, preferably at least 4 mol %, and preferably at most 12 mol %, particularly preferably at most 11 mol %. %, most preferably at most 10 mol%.
- Na 2 O acts as a network modifier in the glass according to the present disclosure and can therefore advantageously influence the thermal expansion coefficient and the viscosity of the glass melt.
- Na2O is a well-known and readily available glass component and therefore enables a glass to be produced inexpensively in a simple manner.
- the glass therefore preferably comprises at most 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%, very particularly preferably at most 10 mol%.
- the minimum content of Na2O in the glass should be at least 2 mol %, preferably at least 4 mol %.
- K2O is another component of the glass according to one embodiment.
- the K2O content of the glass can generally be at least 2 mole %, preferably at least 3 mole %, and preferably at most 12 mole %, particularly preferably at most 11 mole %, without being restricted to a specific exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure more preferably at most 10 mol%.
- Al2O3 is considered a glass former in the glasses according to embodiments and is an optional component of a glass for a joint according to embodiments.
- the glass preferably comprises less than 4.5 mol % Al2O3, preferably less than 4 mol %, particularly preferably at most 3 mol %.
- Al2O3 is a component that can increase the rigidity of a sealing glass.
- the Al2O3 content of the glass should not be too high and, according to embodiments, should preferably be limited to a maximum of 4.5 mol % is limited. It is assumed that with the glasses according to embodiments for the advantageous joining connections according to the present disclosure, in particular with high extrusion resistance and/or suitable for an airbag igniter or for passages for such, it is not absolutely necessary to use a particularly stiff glass. In particular, it is not necessary for a glass with a particularly high modulus of elasticity to be obtained.
- B2O3 is another optional component of a glass according to embodiments.
- B2O3 is a well-known glass former which can be used, for example, to lower the melting temperature of a glass and is also advantageous in terms of chemical durability. Therefore, according to embodiments, the glasses may comprise B2O3.
- too high a B2O3 content of a glass can generally limit its temperature resistance, and the content of the glass according to embodiments is therefore preferably limited.
- the B2O3 content of the glass is preferably less than 8 mol %, preferably less than 6 mol %, particularly preferably less than 5, very particularly preferably less than 4.5. In this way, according to one embodiment, a good compromise between good meltability of the glass, good chemical resistance and an overall good temperature stability of the glass and, accordingly, a joint which includes this glass.
- BaO is another optional component of a glass according to embodiments.
- BaO can be contained in the glass as alkaline earth oxide and thus support the advantageous properties of the glass according to embodiments for producing a particularly strong joint.
- the BaO content of the glass is preferably limited according to embodiments. This is because BaO can lead to demixing and/or crystallization of a glass, particularly if the content is too high. It was also observed that in the glasses according to embodiments, too high a BaO content can lead to increased bubble formation, which could possibly be attributed to the uptake of CO2 by BaO. It is also discussed that BaO can have a potential for water hazard and should therefore not be included in too high concentrations, since leaching could possibly lead to water hazard. Therefore, according to embodiments, the BaO content of the glass is preferably at most 10 mol %, preferably not more than 6 mol %.
- MgO is another optional component of the glass according to one embodiment.
- the MgO content of the glass should preferably be less than 12 mol %, particularly preferably at most 11 mol %. It was shown that if the glass contains too much MgO, there is a strong tendency to crystallize, which leads to poor vitrification. Therefore, as stated, the MgO content of the glass is preferably limited as stated above.
- SrO is yet another optional component of the glass according to one embodiment.
- the glass should preferably contain no more than 12 mol % SrO, because even with this alkaline earth metal oxide a strong tendency to crystallize could be observed in the glasses of the disclosure if the content was too high.
- the glass comprises at most 9 mol% SrO.
- the glass can comprise fluoride F.
- this component is problematic because in high concentrations it can negatively affect the chemical and also the galvanic resistance of the glass.
- the fluoride content of the glass is therefore preferably limited and is preferably less than 6 mol %, preferably less than 5 mol % and particularly preferably less than 3 mol %.
- the glass can also be free of the respective component, i.e. this component from the respective glass only in the form of unavoidable traces with a content of no more than 500 ppm, based on the weight, is included.
- the glass comprises the following components in mole % on an oxide basis:
- Al2O3 0-4.5, preferably less than 4, particularly preferably 0-3
- B2O3 0-less than 8, preferably less than 6, particularly preferably less than 5, very particularly preferably less than 4.5 T1O2: 0-10, preferably less than 8, particularly preferably less than 7, particularly preferably less than 6 ZrO2 : 0 - 5, preferably 0 - 3, particularly preferably 0 - 2.5
- La 2 O 3 0-5, preferably 0-4, particularly preferably 0-3.5
- Fe 2 O 3 0-2, preferably less than 1, preferably at most 0.5
- MgO 0 - less than 12, preferably 0 - 11
- Fluoride 0 - less than 6, preferably less than 5, more preferably less than 3.
- a glass according to a composition as indicated above it is possible to achieve only a low volume crystallization, for example at most 3% by volume or less, generally between at most 2-3% by volume or less, for example 1% by volume. % or less, or even essentially or completely crystallite-free glasses.
- a low volume crystallization for example at most 3% by volume or less, generally between at most 2-3% by volume or less, for example 1% by volume. % or less, or even essentially or completely crystallite-free glasses.
- a joint according to embodiments with very high strength for example glass extrusion resistance
- the glass due to the relatively low content of S1O2 has a comparatively low melt viscosity, so that the glass can flow well.
- this could alternatively or additionally result from the fact that the glass structures preferably obtained with the glasses according to embodiments enable a particularly good glass structure, which can compensate particularly well, for example, for pressure loads such as those acting on the glass or a joint during glass pressing.
- the relationships possibly underlying this possible mechanism are not fully understood.
- the glass and/or the electrically insulating component has a linear thermal expansion coefficient, 0120-300, in the range from 20°C to 300°C of more than 7.5*10 6 /K, preferably more than 8* 10 6 /K, and preferably not more than 12*10 6 /K, preferably not more than 11*10 6 K. It is possible that the components to be joined or the materials comprised by these components are chosen in such a way that their thermal Expansion coefficients differ only very slightly. In this way, for example, particularly low-stress fusions can be achieved.
- thermal expansion coefficients of the joining partners it is also possible and can also be advantageous for certain applications for the thermal expansion coefficients of the joining partners to differ in a targeted manner from the thermal expansion coefficients of the insulating component, in particular the glass comprised by this component. In this way, it is possible in particular to produce a so-called pressure glazing.
- the linear thermal expansion coefficient a is understood as the thermal expansion coefficient. Unless otherwise stated, it is given in the range of 20-300°C. The designations a and 0120-300 are used synonymously within the scope of this invention.
- the specified value is the nominal average thermal linear expansion coefficient according to ISO 7991, which is determined in static measurement.
- the glass has a processing temperature Va of less than 1000°C.
- the glass can have a softening point Ew of less than 800°C, preferably less than 770°C.
- Va designates the processing point, the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass is 10 4 dPa*s (so-called T 4).
- EW designates the softening point, namely T 7.6, the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass is IO 7.6 dPa*s.
- Such configurations of the glass according to embodiments are very advantageous since with glasses which have such a processing temperature and/or such a softening temperature, good wetting of the joining partner(s) takes place through the glass in the glazing process (or synonymously glazing process).
- the glasses therefore melt well, which means in particular that the glasses preferably form positive menisci, especially in the event that no external pressure is applied, for example by a graphite stamp.
- the electrically insulating component may include a filler, for example a crystalline, inorganic filler.
- a filler is understood to mean a further material added to the vitreous material, which is in particular designed in such a way that it does not react with the vitreous material, or reacts only to a very small extent, but is essentially inert to it.
- the electrically insulating component is designed in such a way that it comprises a composite material.
- the addition of a filler can be advantageous, for example, if the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating component is to be set precisely. For example, it is possible to add negatively stretching ß-eucryptite to the glass, which leads to a reduction in the resulting coefficient of thermal expansion of the electrically insulating component.
- the electrically insulating component comprises a composite material comprising a glass according to embodiments and at least one filler, optionally also several fillers
- a so-called "powder route” i. here the glass is produced as a ribbon, then ground up and then further processed into a pressable granulate. This is then followed by further steps including, for example, the production of a sintered part.
- the glass has a hydrolytic resistance, determined according to ISO 719 (1994-02), of class 3 or better, preferably class 2 or better, particularly preferably class 1.
- a hydrolytic resistance determined according to ISO 719 (1994-02)
- class 3 or better preferably class 2 or better, particularly preferably class 1.
- Such a configuration of the glass and/or of the joint equipped with such a glass is very advantageous because in this way a product is obtained which has good corrosion resistance.
- Such good corrosion resistance is not only important for products that are used in particularly corrosive environments, but also for good long-term stability, for example if a product is stored in ambient air for a long time but still has to function reliably even after a long time .
- the glass has an alkali resistance according to ISO 695 (1989-12) of 2 or better, preferably 1.
- the alkali resistance of a glass is another aspect of the corrosion resistance of a glass, and high alkali resistance can therefore advantageously further improve the overall corrosion resistance of the glass and an article comprising such a glass.
- the glass has this despite an overall rather low proportion of glass formers, in particular of S1O2 and furthermore in particular of B2O3. It is known that glasses with a high content of S1O2 and advantageously also a high content of B2O3 have a particularly high corrosion resistance, so that the good corrosion properties of the glass according to embodiments can therefore be classified as rather surprising.
- the glass has an E module of at least 70 GPa.
- the modulus of elasticity is preferably limited and has a value of at most 95 GPa.
- the glass is free from toxicologically questionable components, in particular free from PbO, AS2O3, CdO, SeCE, free from these components meaning that the glass contains these components only in the form of impurities with a maximum content of 500 ppm, in particular not more than 100 ppm by weight.
- the glass can therefore preferably be produced without toxicologically questionable components.
- the glass comprises refining agents, in particular Sb 2 O 3 , sulfates and/or chlorides, only in the form of impurities with a maximum content of 500 ppm each, based on the weight.
- refining agents in particular Sb 2 O 3 , sulfates and/or chlorides, only in the form of impurities with a maximum content of 500 ppm each, based on the weight.
- the use of refining agents is therefore not absolutely necessary, so that, for example, materials that are harmful to health and/or materials that may attack the tank bricks are not required.
- the glass comprises coloring additives, in particular Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, V, W and/or rare earth compounds, e.g. Ce, Nd, Eu - Compounds, in the form of impurities only, each containing no more than 500 ppm by weight.
- coloring additives in particular Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, V, W and/or rare earth compounds, e.g. Ce, Nd, Eu - Compounds, in the form of impurities only, each containing no more than 500 ppm by weight.
- the glass is free from B12O3, TeCE, GeO?, TaiOs, >2q5, Ga20,, Y2O3, InCh, where free from these components means that the glass contains these components only in the form of impurities with a content of no more than 500 ppm by weight.
- the glass can be produced without using high-purity raw materials; the use of components which require high-purity and/or expensive raw materials is therefore advantageously not necessary.
- At least one joining partner comprises a metal, in particular a metal from the group of steels, for example normal steels, stainless steels, stainless steels and high-temperature-stable ferritic steels, which are also known under the brand name Thermax, for example Thermax 4016, Thermax4742, or Thermax4762 or Crofer22 APE1 or CroFer22 H or NiFe-based materials, for example NiFe45, NiFe47 or nickel-plated pins, or known by the brand name Inconel, for example Inconel 718 or X-750, or steels, known for example by the names CF25, Alloy 600, Alloy 625 , Alloy 690, SE1S310S, SE1S430, SEM446 or SE1S316, or austenitic steels such as 1.4828 or 1.4841 or a high-temperature-stable ceramic compound, for example an aluminum oxide-based ceramic or a zirconium oxide-based ceramic, for example a ceramic
- the joint connection obtained can also withstand higher temperatures, for example up to 500° C., particularly advantageously in the form that the mechanical strength of the joint connection is maintained even at these elevated temperatures.
- joint connection and/or a bushing which includes such a joint connection for example in an airbag igniter or in a sensor such as an exhaust gas sensor, a pressure sensor, a particle sensor such as a soot particle sensor and/or a temperature sensor and/or in an NO x sensor and/or in an oxygen sensor and/or in a bushing for a compressor and/or an e-compressor and/or as an electrical power bushing in an exhaust element and/or in a fuel cell and/or in a bushing for a chemical reactor.
- a sensor such as an exhaust gas sensor, a pressure sensor, a particle sensor such as a soot particle sensor and/or a temperature sensor and/or in an NO x sensor and/or in an oxygen sensor and/or in a bushing for a compressor and/or an e-compressor and/or as an electrical power bushing in an exhaust element and/or in a fuel cell and/or in a bushing for a chemical reactor.
- a sensor such as an exhaust gas
- a joining partner is designed as a base comprising at least one through opening, and the base has a height of at most 10 mm and at least 0.5 mm, preferably at most 5 mm and at least 1.5 mm.
- the inventive object is also achieved by a glass, in particular a glass according to the embodiments described above.
- the present disclosure also relates to a method for producing a joint connection, in particular a high-strength joint connection, in particular a joint connection for an airbag igniter or suitable for a passage for an airbag igniter, in particular preferably a joint connection according to the embodiments described above.
- the procedure includes the following steps:
- An embodiment in which the glass is hot-formed to obtain a tube after the melting is particularly advantageous. Because further steps, such as grinding and granulating, are then not necessary.
- the powder route is taken, i.e. ribbons and/or frits are produced and ground into powder and granulated. Because in this case it is possible, for example, to process fillers or at least one filler, for example for the precise adjustment of a coefficient of expansion.
- the thermal treatment can take place, for example, at temperatures between 850° C. and 1000° C., in particular in an industrial glazing furnace.
- Joining connections according to the present disclosure for example produced or producible as described above and/or comprising a glass according to one embodiment, are usually also cleaned, for example galvanically cleaned. According to embodiments, the joints preferably survive this without significant damage, in particular after that continue to achieve the advantageous properties of the joint according to embodiments.
- the present disclosure also relates to a joint, produced or producible in a method as described above and/or comprising a glass according to the embodiments described above.
- the present disclosure also relates to a bushing comprising a joint connection according to one embodiment and/or produced or producible in a method according to one embodiment and/or comprising a glass according to one embodiment.
- the present disclosure also relates to the use of a joint according to one embodiment and/or produced or producible in a method according to one embodiment, and/or the use of a bushing according to one embodiment, in an airbag igniter or in a sensor, such as an exhaust gas sensor Pressure sensor, a particle sensor, such as a soot particle sensor and/or a temperature sensor and/or in a NO x sensor and/or in an oxygen sensor and/or in a passage for a compressor and/or an e-compressor and/or or as an electrical power feedthrough in an exhaust element and/or in a fuel cell and/or in a feedthrough for a chemical reactor.
- a sensor such as an exhaust gas sensor Pressure sensor
- a particle sensor such as a soot particle sensor and/or a temperature sensor and/or in a NO x sensor and/or in an oxygen sensor and/or in a passage for a compressor and/or an e-compressor and/or or as an electrical power feedthrough in an exhaust element and/or
- an airbag igniter comprising a feedthrough, in particular a feedthrough according to one embodiment, and/or a joint, in particular a joint according to one embodiment and/or produced or producible in a method according to one embodiment, comprising a glass, in particular a glass according to one embodiment, wherein the joint connection has a maximum value of the glass extrusion force, preferably determined for a glazing length of 3 mm or up to 3 mm, but of at least 0.5 mm, of more than 3900 N, preferably at least 4000 N, preferably determined as the mean value of the extrusion force for a total of 12 to 25 joints.
- compositions of glasses according to embodiments are listed in the following tables.
- the compositions are each given in mol %.
- the characteristic temperatures are the temperatures usually used to describe the melting behavior of ashes, such as softening temperature (abbreviated: softening), sintering temperature (abbreviated: sintering), spherical temperature (abbreviated to spherical), hemispherical temperature (abbreviated to: hemisphere) and flow temperature (abbreviated to flow temp .), as determined using a heating microscope (abbreviated EHM). These temperatures are determined according to or based on DIN 51730.
- t k 100 is the temperature of the glass for the specific electrical resistance of 10 8 W*cm, preferably determined according to DIN 52326.
- PI to P3 stand for temperature programs, with PI being a temperature program for glazing, i.e.
- Tg stands for the glass transition temperature, determined by the intersection of the tangents on the two branches of the expansion curve when measured at a heating rate of 5K/min.
- Va denotes the Processing point, the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass is 10 4 dPa*s (so-called T 4).
- EW denotes the softening point, namely T 7.6.
- preforms could be produced both by the tube drawing method and by the sintering route. Surprisingly, the result of the expressiveness of the joints made with these different preforms is the same.
- Micrographs can be seen in FIG. 1, with the micrograph of the preform obtained via the sintering route in the corresponding joint connection being visible in FIG. 1 a) in 2000x magnification, and the microstructure of the preform obtained by means of tube drawing in FIG. 1b) in 1000x magnification in the corresponding joint.
- the joining partner is always shown on the left-hand side in the micrographs of FIG. In the case of the structure in FIG. 1, it is a metal.
- the joint connection 1 comprises an electrical component 4 and the joining partners 2, 3, which are held electrically isolated from one another by the electrically insulating component 4.
- the electrically insulating component 4 comprises a glass, preferably a glass comprising at most 2-3% by volume of crystals and/or crystallites, or can even consist of such a glass. In general, it can be preferred that the glass is a substantially crystallite-free glass.
- the glazing length 5 is also indicated. This is the shortest length of the interface that is formed between the electrically insulating component 4 and at least one joining partner 2, 3, specifically in the axial direction 6.
- Joining partner 3 is designed in the form of a hollow body which has an opening in which joining partner 2 and electrically insulating component 4 are accommodated.
- the joining partner 3 which can also be referred to as the outer joining partner, can also be designed as a round or cylindrical hollow body. In general, without being limited to one
- the joining partner 2 which can also be referred to as the inner joining partner, can be designed as a pin. Also referred to is the so-called glazing length 5. This is generally the shortest length of the interface between the electrically insulating component 4 and at least one joining partner of the joint in the axial direction.
- the axial direction 6 is understood to mean the direction which is aligned approximately parallel to the length of the joining partner 2, which is designed here as an elongated pin.
- the axial direction 6 can also be understood as the direction approximately perpendicular to the free surface of the electrically insulating component 4, the free surface being that surface which is not in contact with one of the joining partners 2, 3.
- Approximately parallel or approximately perpendicular is understood here to mean that the deviation from an ideally parallel or perpendicular orientation is no more than ⁇ 10°, preferably no more than ⁇ 5°.
- the glazing length can thus generally also be understood here as the lowest height of the electrical component 4 .
- the glazing length 5 is of the same design on both joining partners 2, 3.
- the glazing length on the joining partner 2 it is also possible for the glazing length on the joining partner 2 to be shorter than on the joining partner 3 due to the formation of a meniscus. In this case, the glazing length 5 is the shorter length.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280047030.0A CN117597319A (zh) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-29 | 包括玻璃的接合连接件,玻璃、特别是用于制造接合连接件的玻璃以及包括玻璃和/或接合连接件的馈通件及其制造方法 |
JP2023580460A JP2024526239A (ja) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-29 | ガラスを含む接合接続体、ガラス、殊に接合接続体を製造するためのガラス、並びにガラスおよび/または接合接続体を含むフィードスルー、並びにその製造方法 |
EP22740371.4A EP4363385A1 (de) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-29 | Fügeverbindung, umfassend ein glas, glas, insbesondere zur herstellung einer fügeverbindung sowie durchführung umfassend ein glas und/oder eine fügeverbindung sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
US18/400,110 US20240227718A9 (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2023-12-29 | Joint connection comprising a glass, glass, in particular for producing a joint connection, and feedthrough comprising a glass and/or a joint connection, and method for producing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102021116806.6A DE102021116806A1 (de) | 2021-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | Fügeverbindung, umfassend ein Glas, Glas, insbesondere zur Herstellung einer Fügeverbindung sowie Durchführung umfassend ein Glas und/oder eine Fügeverbindung sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE102021116806.6 | 2021-06-30 |
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EP (1) | EP4363385A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2024526239A (de) |
CN (1) | CN117597319A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021116806A1 (de) |
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WO2014107631A1 (en) | 2013-01-04 | 2014-07-10 | Lilliputian Systems, Inc. | High temperature substrate attachment glass |
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US20190023605A1 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2019-01-24 | Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. | Sealing glass |
EP3450410A1 (de) | 2016-04-28 | 2019-03-06 | Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. | Glasrohr für metalldichtung und glas für metalldichtung |
WO2020254034A1 (de) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-12-24 | Schott Ag | Fügeverbindung umfassend ein isolierendes bauteil, insbesondere mit einem zumindest teilweise kristallisierten glas, deren verwendung sowie ein kristallisierbares sowie zumindest teilweise kristallisiertes glas und dessen verwendung |
-
2021
- 2021-06-30 DE DE102021116806.6A patent/DE102021116806A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-06-29 EP EP22740371.4A patent/EP4363385A1/de active Pending
- 2022-06-29 WO PCT/EP2022/067865 patent/WO2023275131A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-06-29 JP JP2023580460A patent/JP2024526239A/ja active Pending
- 2022-06-29 CN CN202280047030.0A patent/CN117597319A/zh active Pending
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- 2023-12-29 US US18/400,110 patent/US20240227718A9/en active Pending
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EP0982274A2 (de) | 1998-08-14 | 2000-03-01 | Corning Incorporated | Versiegelungsfritten |
EP1083155A1 (de) | 1999-09-08 | 2001-03-14 | Ferro Enamels (Japan) Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Fritte für eine keramische Glasur |
US20050277541A1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2005-12-15 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Sealing glass frit |
US20060019813A1 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-26 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Sealing glass composition, sealing glass frit, and sealing glass sheet |
US20060172875A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-03 | Cortright Jeffrey E | Low alkali sealing frits, and seals and devices utilizing such frits |
US20090325349A1 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-31 | Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor encapsulation material and method for encapsulating semiconductor using the same |
US7989373B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2011-08-02 | Corning Incorporated | Hermetic sealing material |
WO2014107631A1 (en) | 2013-01-04 | 2014-07-10 | Lilliputian Systems, Inc. | High temperature substrate attachment glass |
US20170001904A1 (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-05 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Lead-free sealing glass and manufacture method thereof |
US20190010082A1 (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2019-01-10 | Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. | Sealing material |
US20190023605A1 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2019-01-24 | Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. | Sealing glass |
EP3450410A1 (de) | 2016-04-28 | 2019-03-06 | Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. | Glasrohr für metalldichtung und glas für metalldichtung |
WO2020254034A1 (de) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-12-24 | Schott Ag | Fügeverbindung umfassend ein isolierendes bauteil, insbesondere mit einem zumindest teilweise kristallisierten glas, deren verwendung sowie ein kristallisierbares sowie zumindest teilweise kristallisiertes glas und dessen verwendung |
Also Published As
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EP4363385A1 (de) | 2024-05-08 |
DE102021116806A1 (de) | 2023-01-05 |
CN117597319A (zh) | 2024-02-23 |
US20240132009A1 (en) | 2024-04-25 |
US20240227718A9 (en) | 2024-07-11 |
JP2024526239A (ja) | 2024-07-17 |
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