WO2023246628A1

WO2023246628A1 - Method for screening peanut variety capable of efficient nitrogen absorption, and culture observation device

Info

Publication number: WO2023246628A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/100620
Authority: WO
Inventors: 臧秀旺; 张俊; 郝西; 张曼; 张朋磊; 张扬; 刘梦雅
Original assignee: 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所
Priority date: 2022-06-20
Filing date: 2023-06-16
Publication date: 2023-12-28
Also published as: CN114982616B; CN114982616A; ZA202306350B

Abstract

A method for screening a peanut variety capable of efficient nitrogen absorption, comprising: enabling hydroponic cultivation at a specific total nitrogen content for 12-15 days or culturing in a culture medium for 20-25 days, detecting a root development condition, calculating a root development coefficient S according to total root lengths under different nitrogen culture, and further determining the nitrogen absorption capability of a peanut variety. Also disclosed is a device convenient for peanut culture observation. Rapid and batched peanut variety detection is realized, and the identification accuracy is ensured.

Description

A method for screening peanut varieties with high efficiency of nitrogen absorption and a cultivation observation device

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop identification and screening, and in particular to a method for screening peanut varieties with high efficiency in nitrogen absorption and a cultivation observation device thereof.

Background technique

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have made outstanding contributions in ensuring high crop yields. However, in recent years, excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers and irrational application have led to a decline in soil ecological quality, a decrease in agricultural output-to-investment ratio, and a decrease in land carrying capacity. How to find a path to sustainable development of ecological agriculture has become a focus of global attention. The amount of chemical fertilizer application in some agricultural countries has shown a rapid growth at first, reached a peak and then remained stable or continued to decline, gradually embarking on the path of sustainable development of reducing dosage and increasing efficiency.

Peanuts are my country's main oil crops and important economic crops. The annual planting area is about 70 million acres. However, in recent years, in order to blindly pursue high yields and economic benefits, the technology of reducing chemical fertilizer application has been insufficiently promoted, and a large amount of chemical fertilizers have been invested, with low utilization rate. , leading to a decline in crop yield and quality, and deterioration of the soil ecological microenvironment. Compared with other countries, there are many problems, such as: peanut varieties that can efficiently absorb and utilize nutrients have not been identified and promoted, new peanut-specific fertilizers, biological fungicides, etc. The research started late. Among them, promoting the use of efficient nitrogen-absorbing peanut varieties is the simplest and most effective way to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency. Methods. Although field identification among commonly used identification methods for efficient nitrogen absorption and utilization varieties is relatively comprehensive, the cycle is too long and cannot be screened and identified quickly and in large quantities, and the test results are easily affected by weather and management measures. As for the indoor culture method, during the screening process, various varieties of peanuts need to be hydroponically cultured (or cultured on a medium), and the seeds of the material to be tested are placed in a germination tray (medium) for cultivation. Often because of the culture medium (medium) Hypoxia causes stress and affects the normal growth of peanuts, especially the root system. Root system development is precisely the key to nitrogen absorption and utilization. Therefore, traditional culture methods and devices cannot achieve the desired identification results.

Currently, none of the existing culture devices can achieve uniform oxygen supply to the root waters, and the existing culture devices cannot perform simple and quick observations. Therefore, how to disclose a high-efficiency nitrogen-absorbing peanut variety screening method and culture observation device, reduce the identification cycle, simplify the screening method, and avoid difficulties in root system observation are problems that need to be solved urgently in this field.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a high-efficiency nitrogen-absorbing peanut variety screening method and a culture observation device. The present invention solves the problem that the existing peanut identification method cycle is too long and cannot realize batch screening and identification. It also solves the problem of the existing peanut identification method. Some culture observation devices have problems with uneven oxygen supply and difficulty in observation.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for screening peanut varieties with high efficiency of nitrogen absorption. The peanuts are cultivated in hydroponics for 12 to 15 days or cultured in medium for 20 to 25 days. The root system development is detected and the root system development coefficient S is calculated. If the root system development coefficient S is greater than 1.5, it is identified as high-efficiency nitrogen. Absorb peanut varieties.

Preferably, the root development coefficient S satisfies the formula: S=Lt/Lc; where Lt is the total length of the root system of the treatment group, Lc is the total length of the root system of the control group, and the total nitrogen in the water or medium of the treatment group is 23.1 -28.8mg/kg, the total nitrogen in the water or culture medium of the control group was 43.3-46.1mg/kg;

The only difference between the treatment group and the control group was the total nitrogen content.

Preferably, the culture conditions are as follows: the light intensity is 18000-22000 Lux and the temperature is 28-32°C for 15-17 hours every day; the rest of the time, the light intensity is 0 Lux and the temperature is 26-27°C.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a culture observation device based on a high-efficiency nitrogen absorption peanut variety screening method, including an incubator (1) and a controller (2). The front end of the incubator (1) is connected to A transparent opening cover (6), a culture cylinder (7) is provided on the inside of the bottom end of the incubator (1), and an air supply check valve (13) is fixedly connected on the inside of the bottom end of the culture cylinder (7). A divergent disk (14) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the culture cylinder (7). The divergent disk (14) is arranged on the upper side of the air supply one-way valve (13). The bottom end of the divergent disk (14) A tapered portion (14b) is fixedly connected, and the divergent plate (14) has a through hole (14a) running through it up and down. The oxygen emitted from the air supply check valve (13) can be dispersed through the divergent plate (14). The culture cylinder (7) is made of glass material.

Preferably, a feeding pump (3) is provided outside the incubator (1), and the feeding pump (3) The output end of the supply pump (3) is connected to the bottom input end of the air supply check valve (13) through a pipeline, and the input end of the supply pump (3) can be connected to the oxygen cylinder through the supply valve and pipeline interface.

Preferably, a second chute (11) is provided inside the bottom end of the incubator (1), and a slider (4) is slidably connected to the inside of the second chute (11). The slider (4) ) is arranged in an "L" shape, the rear end of the slider (4) is arranged on the rear side of the culture cylinder (7), and the upper side of the rear end of the slider (4) is provided with a hole for adjusting the culture cylinder (7) Fill light for observation (5);

An oil chamber (18) is provided inside the slider (4), and the inside of the rear end of the oil chamber (18) is connected to the input end of the hydraulic rod (16) through a connecting pipe (17).

Preferably, the fill light (5) is mounted on the upper side of the rear end of the slider (4) through a hinge, and the movable end of the hydraulic rod (16) is connected to a connecting rod (15) through a hinge. The top end of the connecting rod (15) is rotatably connected to the lower side of the rear end of the fill light (5) through a hinge.

Preferably, a piston (19) is slidably connected to the inner side of the oil chamber (18), and the lifting movement of the movable end of the hydraulic rod (16) is realized by the forward and backward movement of the piston (19).

Preferably, the front end of the incubator (1) is slidably connected to a first chute (8), and the inside of the first chute (8) is slidably connected to a sealing plate (12). 12) and the front end of the slider (4) jointly achieve sealing of the second slide groove (11).

Preferably, a push rod (10) is fixedly connected to the front end of the slide block (4), and the left and right movement of the slide block (4) is achieved by turning the push rod (10). The front end of the piston (19) Fixed connection has Operating lever (9), the outer side of the operating lever (9) is slidingly connected to the inner side of the push rod (10);

A plant lighting lamp (20) for supplementary light is fixedly connected to the top of the incubator (1).

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention identifies and selects high-efficiency nitrogen-absorbing peanut varieties based on root development in the seedling stage indoors. Compared with field identification during the entire growth period, the experiment can be repeated in a short period of time, greatly shortening the identification period; weather and field management can be eliminated. The error caused by the method ensures the accuracy of identification; the invention is not limited by field land, can realize batch identification, and greatly improves identification efficiency.

2. The method disclosed in the present invention uses a small amount of seeds and can be directly applied to the screening of early-generation materials, speeding up the breeding process, improving breeding efficiency, reducing breeding costs, laying a foundation for the cultivation and promotion of efficient nitrogen-absorbing peanut varieties, and providing a good foundation for peanuts. Technical support is provided for weight loss and efficiency enhancement production.

3. The incubator disclosed in the present invention is provided with a culture cylinder on the inner side of the bottom end. An air supply check valve is fixedly connected on the inner side of the bottom end of the culture cylinder. A divergent disk is fixedly connected on the bottom end of the culture cylinder. The divergent disk is arranged on the air supply unit. To the upper side of the valve, the bottom end of the divergent disk is fixedly connected with a tapered portion. The divergent disk has a through hole running through it up and down. The oxygen emitted from the air supply one-way valve can be dispersed through the divergent disk. The culture cylinder is made of glass. In this setting, when gas comes out of the air supply check valve, the gas first hits the divergent plate, and is dispersed outward under the action of the conical part on the lower side of the divergent plate. During the dispersion process, the gas is continuously emerges upward through the through hole, thereby achieving uniform oxygenation of the culture medium in the culture cylinder, and the supply pump can push oxygen to the input port of the air supply one-way valve.

4. In the present invention, the slider is arranged in an "L" shape, the rear end of the slider is arranged on the rear side of the culture tube, and a fill light for observing the culture tube is provided on the upper side of the rear end of the slider. Under this setting, turning the push rod can realize the horizontal movement of the slider position. The slider drives the fill light to move to the back side of the culture tube that needs to be observed. The accuracy of observation is increased by increasing the brightness. The set fill light is in The angle of the push rod can be adjusted conveniently during the movement of the push rod. During the adjustment, the staff pushes the operating rod one after another, the piston moves backward, the oil chamber is compressed, and the hydraulic oil enters the inside of the hydraulic rod through the connecting pipe to realize the control of the movable end of the hydraulic rod. Ascending, the movable end of the hydraulic rod drives the rear end of the fill light up through the connecting rod, and the front end of the fill light descends. When the operation is reversed, the effect is opposite, thereby adjusting the fill light to the angle that needs to be observed. The set plant lighting lamp is used It is used to simulate the outdoor environment and avoid the impact of external variables on the cultivation of variety seeds.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall installation structure of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal installation structure of the culture cylinder of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional installation structure of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure at the divergent disk of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the oil chamber of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a peanut root system development diagram obtained in Example 1 of the present invention. a corresponds to the treatment group, and b corresponds to control group;

Figure 7 is a diagram of peanut root system development obtained in Example 2 of the present invention, a corresponds to the treatment group, and b corresponds to the control group;

Figure 8 is a diagram of peanut root system development obtained in Example 3 of the present invention, a corresponds to the treatment group, and b corresponds to the control group.

In the picture: 1. Incubator; 2. Controller; 3. Oxygen supply pump; 4. Slider; 5. Fill light; 6. Opening cover; 7. Culture cylinder; 8. First chute; 9. Operation Rod; 10, push rod; 11, second chute; 12, sealing plate; 13, air supply check valve; 14, divergent plate; 14a, through hole; 14b, tapered part; 15, connecting rod; 16, Hydraulic rod; 17. Connecting pipe; 18. Oil chamber; 19. Piston; 20. Plant lighting lamp.

Detailed ways

In the present invention, the hydroponic culture time is preferably 13 to 14 days, more preferably 13 days; the medium culture time is preferably 21 to 24 days, more preferably 23 days.

In the present invention, the root system development coefficient S satisfies the formula: S=Lt/Lc; where Lt is the total length of the root system of the treatment group, Lc is the total length of the root system of the control group, and the total length of the root system in the water or culture medium of the treatment group is Nitrogen is 23.1-28.8 mg/kg, preferably 24-26 mg/kg, and more preferably 25 mg/kg; total nitrogen in the water or culture medium in the control group is 43.3-46.1 mg/kg, preferably 44-45.5 mg/kg. , further preferably 45 mg/kg.

In the present invention, the only difference between the treatment group and the control group is the total nitrogen content.

In the present invention, the culture conditions are: maintaining at a light intensity of 18000-22000Lux and a temperature of 28-32°C for 15-17h every day, preferably 16h at a temperature of 19000-21000Lux and a temperature of 29-31°C, further preferably It is maintained at 20,000 Lux and a temperature of 30°C for 16 hours; for the rest of the time, the light intensity is 0 Lux and the temperature is 26 to 27°C, preferably 27°C.

The invention also provides a culture observation device used in a method for screening peanut varieties with high efficiency of nitrogen absorption. It includes an incubator and a controller. The front end of the incubator is connected to a transparent opening cover through a hinge. A culture cylinder is provided inside the bottom end of the incubator. An air supply unit is fixedly connected to the inside of the bottom end of the culture cylinder. direction valve, the bottom end of the culture cylinder is fixedly connected with a divergent disk, the divergent disk is arranged on the upper side of the air supply one-way valve, the bottom end of the divergent disk is fixedly connected with a tapered portion, the upper and lower sides of the divergent disk There is a through hole through the air supply one-way valve, and the oxygen emitted from the air supply one-way valve can be dispersed through the divergent plate. The culture tube is made of glass material. Under this setting, when gas emerges from the air supply one-way valve, The gas first hits the divergent plate, and is dispersed outward under the action of the tapered part on the lower side of the divergent plate. During the dispersion process, the gas continuously emerges upward through the through holes, thereby achieving uniform addition of the culture medium in the culture cylinder. oxygen.

In the present invention, a feeding pump is provided outside the incubator, and the output end of the feeding pump is connected to The pipeline is connected to the bottom input end of the air supply one-way valve. The input end of the supply pump can be connected to the oxygen cylinder through the supply valve and pipeline interface. In this setting, the supply pump can pump oxygen to the supply port. The input port of the air check valve.

In the present invention, a second chute is provided inside the bottom end of the incubator, and a slider is slidably connected to the inside of the second chute. The slider is arranged in an "L" shape. The rear end is arranged on the rear side of the culture tube, and the upper side of the rear end of the slider is provided with a fill light for observing the culture tube. Under this setting, turning the push rod can realize the leveling of the slider position. Move, the slider drives the fill light to move to the back side of the culture tube that needs to be observed, increasing the brightness to increase the accuracy of observation. The set fill light can be conveniently adjusted in angle during the movement of the push rod. When adjusting, The staff pushes the operating rod successively, the piston moves backward, the oil chamber is compressed, and the hydraulic oil enters the inside of the hydraulic rod through the connecting pipe, thereby raising the movable end of the hydraulic rod. The movable end of the hydraulic rod drives the rear end of the fill light through the connecting rod. Ascending, the front end of the fill light descends. When the operation is reversed, the effect is opposite, thereby adjusting the fill light to the angle required for observation.

In the present invention, an oil chamber is provided inside the slider, and the inside of the rear end of the oil chamber is connected to the input end of the hydraulic rod through a connecting pipe.

In the present invention, the fill light is arranged on the upper side of the rear end of the slider through a hinge. The movable end of the hydraulic rod is connected to a connecting rod through a hinge. The top of the connecting rod is connected to the rear end of the fill light. The lower sides of the ends are rotationally connected through hinges.

In the present invention, a piston is slidably connected to the inner side of the oil chamber, and the lifting movement of the movable end of the hydraulic rod is realized by the forward and backward movement of the piston.

In the present invention, a first chute is slidably connected to the front end of the incubator, and a sealing plate is slidably connected to the inside of the first chute. The sealing plate and the front end of the slider jointly realize the sealing of the second slide. The sealing of the tank, in this setting, can be achieved to reduce changes in gas content and temperature of the incubator over a period of time.

In the present invention, a push rod is fixedly connected to the front end of the slide block, and the left and right movement of the slide block is achieved by turning the push rod. An operating rod is fixedly connected to the front end of the piston. The outer side of the operating rod is connected to the push rod. The inner sliding connection of the push rod.

In the present invention, the top of the incubator is fixedly connected with a plant illumination lamp for supplementary light. The plant illumination lamp is used to simulate the outdoor environment and avoid external variable factors from affecting the cultivation of variety seeds.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

In the device shown in the present invention, Yuhua No. 37 peanut seeds were hydrocultured for 13 days (the culture conditions were set as: The plants were maintained at a light intensity of 20,000 Lux and a temperature of 30°C for 16 hours every day; for the rest of the time, the light intensity was 0 Lux and the temperature was 27°C; the nitrogen content of the treatment group was 23.1 mg/kg, and that of the control group was 43.3 mg/kg. ) to detect the root system development. The peanut root system development diagram is shown in Figure 6, where Figure 6a corresponds to the treatment group and Figure 6b corresponds to the control group. The total root length of the treatment group was L = 653.18cm, and the total root length of the control group was Lc = 388.89cm. The calculated root development coefficient was S = 1.68, and S was greater than 1.5. This variety is a high-efficiency nitrogen-absorbing peanut variety.

Example 2

In the device shown in the invention, the Yuhua 22 peanut seed culture medium is kept for 25 days (the culture conditions are set as follows: the light intensity is 18000 Lux and the temperature is 29°C for 17 hours every day; the rest of the time, the light intensity is 0 Lux and the temperature is 26°C. ; The nitrogen content of the treatment group is 28.8mg/kg, and the nitrogen content of the control group is 43.3mg/kg; the medium is cold-condensed resin medium), and the root system development is detected. The peanut root system development diagram is shown in Figure 7, in which Figure 7a Corresponds to the treatment group, and Figure 7b corresponds to the control group. The total root length of the treatment group Lt = 470.46cm, and the total root length of the control group Lc = 299.58cm. The calculated root development coefficient S = 1.57, S is greater than 1.5. This variety is a high-efficiency nitrogen-absorbing peanut variety.

Example 3

Yuhua 9719 peanut seeds were hydroponic for 15 days in the device shown in the present invention (the culture conditions were set as follows: 15 hours at a light intensity of 22,000 Lux and a temperature of 31°C every day; the rest of the time, the light intensity was 0 Lux and the temperature was 27°C. ;The nitrogen content in the treatment group was 23.1 mg/kg, and the nitrogen content in the control group was 43.3mg/kg. ) to detect the root system development. The peanut root system development diagram is shown in Figure 8, where Figure 8a corresponds to the treatment group and Figure 8b corresponds to the control group. The total root length of the treatment group Lt=244.19, and the total root length of the control group Lc=206.70cm. The calculated root development coefficient S=1.18, S is less than 1.5. This variety is a non-efficient nitrogen-absorbing peanut variety.

Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on its differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be practiced in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

A method for screening peanut varieties with high efficiency of nitrogen absorption, which is characterized by culturing peanuts in hydroponics for 12 to 15 days or culture medium for 20 to 25 days, detecting root development, and calculating the root development coefficient S. If the root development coefficient S is greater than 1.5, then It is recognized as a peanut variety with high efficiency in nitrogen absorption.
A method for screening peanut varieties with high efficiency of nitrogen absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that the root development coefficient S satisfies the formula: S=Lt/Lc; wherein, Lt is the total length of the root system of the treatment group, and Lc is the control The total length of the root system of the group, the total nitrogen in the water or culture medium of the treatment group was 23.1-28.8mg/kg, and the total nitrogen in the water or culture medium of the control group was 43.3-46.1mg/kg;

The only difference between the treatment group and the control group was the total nitrogen content.
A method for screening peanut varieties with high efficiency of nitrogen absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that the culture conditions are: maintaining at a light intensity of 18000-22000 Lux and a temperature of 28-32°C for 15-17 hours every day; the rest of the time The light intensity is 0Lux and the temperature is 26~27℃.
A culture observation device based on the efficient nitrogen absorption peanut variety screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, including an incubator (1) and a controller (2), characterized in that the incubator (1) The front end of the incubator (1) is rotatably connected to a transparent opening cover (6) through a hinge. A culture cylinder (7) is provided inside the bottom end of the incubator (1). An air supplement is fixedly connected to the inside of the bottom end of the culture cylinder (7). One-way valve (13), the bottom end of the culture cylinder (7) is fixedly connected with a divergent disk (14), the divergent disk (14) is arranged on the upper side of the air supply one-way valve (13), the divergent disk (14) is The bottom end of the plate (14) is fixedly connected with a tapered portion (14b), the diverging plate (14) has a through hole (14a) running through it up and down, and the air supply unit The oxygen emerging from the valve (13) can be dispersed through the dispersion plate (14), and the culture cylinder (7) is made of glass.
A culture observation device according to claim 4, characterized in that a feeding pump (3) is provided outside the incubator (1), and the output end of the feeding pump (3) is connected to an air supply unit through a pipeline. The input end of the supply pump (3) is connected to the bottom end of the valve (13), and the input end of the supply pump (3) can be connected to the oxygen cylinder through the supply valve and pipeline interface.
A culture observation device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a second chute (11) is provided inside the bottom end of the incubator (1), and the second chute (11) A slider (4) is slidably connected to the inside. The slider (4) is arranged in an "L" shape. The rear end of the slider (4) is arranged on the rear side of the culture tube (7). The slider (4) The upper side of the rear end of 4) is provided with a fill light (5) for observing the culture tube (7);

An oil chamber (18) is provided inside the slider (4), and the inside of the rear end of the oil chamber (18) is connected to the input end of the hydraulic rod (16) through a connecting pipe (17).
A culture observation device according to claim 6, characterized in that the fill light (5) is arranged on the upper side of the rear end of the slider (4) through hinge rotation, and the movement of the hydraulic rod (16) A connecting rod (15) is rotatably connected to the end through a hinge, and the top of the connecting rod (15) is rotatably connected to the lower side of the rear end of the fill light (5) through a hinge.
A culture observation device according to claim 7, characterized in that the oil chamber A piston (19) is slidably connected to the inner side of (18), and the lifting movement of the movable end of the hydraulic rod (16) is realized by the forward and backward movement of the piston (19).
A culture observation device according to claim 8, characterized in that the front end of the incubator (1) is slidably connected to a first chute (8), and the inner side of the first chute (8) is slidably connected. A sealing plate (12) is connected, and the second slide groove (11) is sealed by the sealing plate (12) and the front end of the slider (4).
A culture observation device according to claim 9, characterized in that a push rod (10) is fixedly connected to the front end of the slide block (4), and the slide block (10) is adjusted by turning the push rod (10). 4) left and right movement, the front end of the piston (19) is fixedly connected with an operating rod (9), and the outside of the operating rod (9) is slidingly connected with the inside of the push rod (10);

A plant lighting lamp (20) for supplementary light is fixedly connected to the top of the incubator (1).