WO2023241571A1 - 一种化合物及其在合成免疫佐剂krn7000中的应用 - Google Patents
一种化合物及其在合成免疫佐剂krn7000中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023241571A1 WO2023241571A1 PCT/CN2023/099915 CN2023099915W WO2023241571A1 WO 2023241571 A1 WO2023241571 A1 WO 2023241571A1 CN 2023099915 W CN2023099915 W CN 2023099915W WO 2023241571 A1 WO2023241571 A1 WO 2023241571A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- add
- krn
- reaction
- compound
- methanol
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- VQFKFAKEUMHBLV-BYSUZVQFSA-N 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CO[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQFKFAKEUMHBLV-BYSUZVQFSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000000568 immunological adjuvant Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 168
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 138
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 di-tert-butylsilyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-iodosuccinimide Chemical compound IN1C(=O)CCC1=O LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-glucopyranose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- AERBNCYCJBRYDG-KSZLIROESA-N phytosphingosine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N)CO AERBNCYCJBRYDG-KSZLIROESA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- AERBNCYCJBRYDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-ribo-phytosphingosine Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)C(N)CO AERBNCYCJBRYDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940033329 phytosphingosine Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GRJJQCWNZGRKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;fluoride Chemical compound F.C1=CC=NC=C1 GRJJQCWNZGRKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide Substances CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MHYGQXWCZAYSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-chloro-diphenylsilane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](Cl)(C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MHYGQXWCZAYSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethylidene-ethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WLHCBQAPPJAULW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 WLHCBQAPPJAULW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FKVFDMXDAIOOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-diazo-1h-imidazole-2-sulfonamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[N-]=[N+]=NS(=O)(=O)C1=NC=CN1 FKVFDMXDAIOOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- LEOGOTSJFQKSIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cl.S(=O)(=O)(N=[N+]=[N-])N=[N+]=[N-].N1C=NC=C1 Chemical compound Cl.S(=O)(=O)(N=[N+]=[N-])N=[N+]=[N-].N1C=NC=C1 LEOGOTSJFQKSIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular hydrogen;sodium Chemical compound [Na].[H][H] XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012646 vaccine adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940124931 vaccine adjuvant Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 12
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 claims 6
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(O)=NC2=C1 YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 6
- MFIGJRRHGZYPDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-di(propan-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)NCCNC(C)C MFIGJRRHGZYPDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1 ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000581 natural killer T-cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical group SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000386 donor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005858 glycosidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WWUZIQQURGPMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (-)-D-erythro-Sphingosine Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(O)C(N)CO WWUZIQQURGPMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPQQXPKAYZYUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloroacetamide Chemical compound OC(=N)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl UPQQXPKAYZYUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXUNZSDDXMPKLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S LXUNZSDDXMPKLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxydecanoyloxy]decanoic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC1C(OC(CC(=O)OC(CCCCCCC)CC(O)=O)CCCCCCC)OC(C)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001251200 Agelas Species 0.000 description 1
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229930186217 Glycolipid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108090000978 Interleukin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012901 Milli-Q water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000243142 Porifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016266 T-Cell Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- DRUIESSIVFYOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroacetonitrile Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)C#N DRUIESSIVFYOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940106189 ceramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001783 ceramides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GFAUNYMRSKVDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N formyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=O GFAUNYMRSKVDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002339 glycosphingolipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005934 immune activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002865 immune cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015788 innate immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOOARYARZPXNAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-thiophenol Natural products CSC1=CC=CC=C1O SOOARYARZPXNAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013386 optimize process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- WWUZIQQURGPMPG-KRWOKUGFSA-N sphingosine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N)CO WWUZIQQURGPMPG-KRWOKUGFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003410 sphingosines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940031626 subunit vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004854 viral vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
- C07H15/04—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H23/00—Compounds containing boron, silicon, or a metal, e.g. chelates, vitamin B12
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of medical biotechnology. Specifically, it relates to a compound and its application in the synthesis of immune adjuvant KRN7000.
- Natural adjuvants are generally mixtures, difficult to obtain, and in some cases, not stable enough, so synthetic adjuvants are our goal.
- KRN7000 (structure shown in Figure 1) is a type of synthetic glycolipid derived from marine sponges with anti-tumor and immune activation properties [1,2,3] . Structurally, it consists of galactose connected through ⁇ -O-glycosidic bonds to C18 phytosphingosine and a saturated C26 aliphatic chain connected by amide bonds. KRN7000 is embedded into the non-polymorphic MHC-1-like antigen-presenting molecule CD1d on dendritic cells.
- KRN7000 binds to CD1d on dendritic cells and presents it to the T cell receptor on invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT), activating iNKT cells.
- iNKT cells account for only a small proportion of T cells in the blood, they represent a special type of lymphocyte that can respond quickly; these activated iNKT cells rapidly produce TH1-type (IFN ⁇ ) and TH2-type (IL-4 ) cytokines activate other immune cells to participate in innate immunity and acquired immunity [4,5] .
- KRN7000 As a particularly useful and specific CD1d agonist, KRN7000 has aroused strong research interest in the past 26 years. However, its sources are limited and expensive, and its artificial synthesis is difficult, forcing the development of different synthesis methods [3] . In the early days, it mainly focused on the development of synthetic methods, and there was almost no industrial process development. The main synthesis difficulties are as follows:
- sugar donors require different protecting groups to ensure stereo or regioselectivity.
- the 1-position leaving group on the sugar donor usually has protective groups such as trichloroacetonitrile, thiophenol, acetyl, and iodine. It is challenging to synthesize large amounts of donors [7,8,9] .
- the azide reagent is usually chosen for the sphingosine fatty chain, such as sodium azide, which is explosive and dangerous and has problems with amplification [10] .
- the present invention first relates to a three-step method for synthesizing KRN7000.
- the method includes the following reaction steps:
- the sugar core is glucose
- the sugar building block contains a single STol substituent
- the hydroxyl group in the sugar core is protected by a protective agent, and the protective agent is di-tert-butylsilyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) and benzoyl chloride;
- the two hydroxyl groups adjacent to the oxygen atoms in the sugar core are protected by a di-tert-butylsilyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) protecting agent, and the remaining two hydroxyl groups are protected by BzCl;
- the hydroxyl-protected sugar building block is the compound KRN 7k -6 represented by formula (2),
- D-glucopyranose is used as raw material, dissolve D-glucopyranose in acetic anhydride, add pyridine, and react to obtain compound KRN 7k -2 (white solid);
- the usage ratio (molar ratio) of D-glucopyranose to acetic anhydride is 1:10
- the usage ratio (volume ratio) of acetic anhydride to pyridine is 1:1
- the reaction product is extracted with ethyl acetate, and saturated with Wash with sodium bicarbonate, wash with 5% (mass percentage) citric acid, wash with water, wash with saturated brine until the pH is neutral, concentrate under negative pressure, add petroleum ether and stir to precipitate the solid, filter the solid and refine it;
- KRN 7k -2 is dissolved in dichloromethane, p-methylthiophenol is added, and boron trifluoride ether is slowly added dropwise. After the reaction, compound KRN 7k -3 (white solid) is obtained;
- the dosage ratio (molar ratio) of KRN 7k -2 to p-methylthiophenol and boron trifluoride ether is 5:6:9, the reaction process is under inert gas protection, and the temperature is 0-5°C; the product is reacted with saturated carbonic acid Washed with sodium hydrogen, washed with water, washed with saturated brine and refined by recrystallization with EA+PE;
- the reaction product is added to the H + cationic resin washed with methanol to adjust the pH to 7, and after concentration, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (1:10) are added to stir to precipitate the solid, filtered, and refined;
- the molar weight of di-tert-butylsilyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) is slightly more than the molar weight of KRN 7k -4.
- the reaction process is carried out in an ice bath.
- the reaction product is extracted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. Wash and refine with saturated salt water;
- the dosage (molar ratio) of KRN 7k -5 and benzoyl chloride is 1:8.
- step (2) The aliphatic chain block described in step (2) is: compound L5 represented by formula (3),
- the compound L5 is prepared using phytosphingosine as a substrate.
- the preparation process of the compound L5 is as shown in the following reaction formula:
- the dosage ratio (molar ratio) of phytosphingosine to 1H-imidazole sulfonyl azide hydrochloride, potassium carbonate, and anhydrous copper sulfate is 13:14:38:1, and the reaction product is dissolved in methanol and formed into a thin layer Chromatography purification and refinement;
- step (3) is as shown in the following reaction formula,
- the usage ratio (molar ratio) of KRN 7k -7, nickel chloride hexahydrate, and sodium borohydride is 1:6:10; after the reaction is complete, add silica gel and concentrate under negative pressure to obtain a solid, and the crude product is subjected to thin layer chromatography. method for separation and purification;
- the sodium methoxide/methanol solution is added dropwise to adjust the pH to 10.
- the temperature is raised to room temperature to continue the reaction.
- chloroform is added to dissolve, filtered, rinsed with chloroform, concentrated under negative pressure to obtain a crude solid product, add methanol to stir the solid, and filter to obtain a crude product. , then add petroleum ether and stir, filter out the white solid KRN7000.
- the present invention also relates to the application of compounds KRN 7k -9 and KRN 7k -6 in the preparation of vaccine adjuvant KRN7000 or vaccine products containing KRN7000.
- the present invention also relates to a preparation method of the compound KRN 7k -9, which method includes the following steps:
- D-glucopyranose is used as raw material, dissolve D-glucopyranose in acetic anhydride, add pyridine and react to obtain the white compound KRN 7k -2 (white solid);
- the usage ratio (molar ratio) of D-glucopyranose to acetic anhydride is 1:10
- the usage ratio (volume ratio) of acetic anhydride to pyridine is 1:1
- the reaction product is extracted with ethyl acetate, and saturated with Wash with sodium bicarbonate, wash with 5% (mass percentage) citric acid, wash with water, wash with saturated brine until the pH is neutral, concentrate under negative pressure, add petroleum ether and stir to precipitate the solid, filter the solid and refine it;
- KRN 7k -2 is dissolved in dichloromethane, p-methylthiophenol is added, and boron trifluoride ether is slowly added dropwise. After the reaction, compound KRN 7k -3 (white solid) is obtained;
- the dosage ratio (molar ratio) of KRN 7k -2 to p-methylthiophenol and boron trifluoride ether is 5:6:9, the reaction process is under inert gas protection, and the temperature is 0-5°C; the product is reacted with saturated carbonic acid Washed with sodium hydrogen, washed with water, washed with saturated brine and refined by recrystallization with EA+PE;
- the reaction product is added to the H + cationic resin washed with methanol to adjust the pH to 7, and after concentration, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (1:10) are added to stir to precipitate the solid, filtered, and refined;
- the molar weight of di-tert-butylsilyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) is slightly more than the molar weight of KRN 7k -4.
- the reaction process is carried out in an ice bath.
- the reaction product is extracted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. Wash and refine with saturated salt water;
- the dosage (molar ratio) of KRN 7k -5 and benzoyl chloride is 1:8.
- the dosage ratio (molar ratio) of phytosphingosine to 1H-imidazole sulfonyl azide hydrochloride, potassium carbonate, and anhydrous copper sulfate is 13:14:38:1, and the reaction product is dissolved in methanol and formed into a thin layer Chromatography purification and refinement;
- the dosage ratio (molar ratio) of L2 to DMAP and TBDPSCl is 10:1:11.
- the product is dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, washed with saturated brine until the pH is neutral, filtered, and concentrated and purified under negative pressure. ;
- the dosage ratio (molar ratio) of L3 to pyridine and DMAP is 10:40:1.
- the product is concentrated under negative pressure to obtain an oil, which is dissolved in methylene chloride, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, washed with water, and washed with saturated brine until the pH is neutral. , dry, filter, and concentrate under negative pressure for refining;
- KRN 7k -6 N-iodosuccinimide and molecular sieve activation powder to KRN 7k -6. After dissolving in ultra-dry dichloromethane, add trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. After the reaction is completed, triethylamine is quenched to obtain an oily liquid. KRN 7k -7;
- the dosage ratio (molar ratio) of KRN7k-6, L5, N-iodosuccinimide, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is 14:10:40:3, and the reaction is carried out in an ice bath under nitrogen protection. After completion, quench with triethylamine and concentrate under negative pressure to obtain an oil. The crude product is refined by thin layer chromatography;
- the usage ratio (molar ratio) of KRN7k-7, nickel chloride hexahydrate, and sodium borohydride is 1:6:10; after the reaction is complete, add silica gel and concentrate under negative pressure to obtain a solid, and the crude product is subjected to thin layer chromatography. Carry out separation and purification;
- the molar ratio of ceric acid, EDCI, HOBT, KRN 7k -8, and DIPEA is 3:20:20:2:6; the reaction system temperature is 0-5°C. After the reaction is completed, wash with water and saturated brine until neutral. After pressure concentration, thin layer chromatography was used for purification.
- Figure 1 Compound structure of KRN7000 adjuvant.
- Figure 2 is a synthetic route diagram for synthesizing KRN7000 adjuvant according to the present invention.
- the experimental water was Milli-Q water (18.2 M ⁇ cm, Millipore Company).
- PTFE gate chromatography column (model: C363230C, C364640C) was purchased from Chongqing Xinwei Glass Co., Ltd.
- Low temperature circulation pump (model: DLSB-5/20), temperature controller (model: ZNHW-II), magnetic stirrer (model: 98-2), mechanical stirrer (model: 100W), rotary vane vacuum pump (model : 2XZ-4), dark box UV analysis instrument (model: ZF-20D), and blast drying oven (model: DHG-9240A) were all purchased from Shanghai Xinzheng Technology and Trade Co., Ltd.
- HPLC Agilent 1260 Infinityll, equipment number: ME-D-044(J); Chromatographic column: InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC C18 (column number: C18-03) was purchased from Shanghai Thermo Fisher Technology Co., Ltd.
- the solvent was concentrated under negative pressure at 65°C to remove the solvent, dissolved in 100 mL of ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, washed with 5% citric acid, washed with water, and washed with saturated brine until the pH was neutral.
- KRN 7k -6 (5.0g, 7.9mmol), L5 (3.1g, 5.6mmol), N-iodosuccinimide (5.0g, 22.4mmol), and 2.5g molecular sieve. Dry the activated powder, dissolve it in 75mL of methylene chloride, and the solution will be a light red solution;
- the ice bath was cooled to 0°C under nitrogen protection, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.25g, 1.7mmol) was added.
- the solution quickly turned into a red solution, and TLC was used to monitor the reaction progress.
- KRN 7k -7 (2.5 g, 2.4 mmol) dissolved in 25 mL dichloromethane, 37.5 mL methanol, and ice bath to 0°C;
- the product KRN 7k -8 is a light yellow liquid, the yield is 1.46g, and the yield is 60%.
Abstract
本发明涉及一种化合物及其在合成免疫佐剂KRN7000中的应用,所述的化合物为KRN7k-9;所述的合成免疫佐剂KRN7000的方法包括: (1)糖砌块嵌段合成并进行羟基保护; (2)脂肪链嵌段合成; (3)将所述糖砌块嵌段和所述脂肪链嵌段进行偶联-还原成的化合物KRN7k-9,从化合物KRN7k-9出发,进一步合成KRN7000。
Description
本发明属于医药生物技术领域,具体的,涉及一种化合物及其在合成免疫佐剂KRN7000中的应用。
基于单一抗原的现代亚单位疫苗与传统病毒疫苗相比,具有更精确的靶向作用和更高的安全性。然而,抗原自身一般表现低免疫原性,需要佐剂分子来增加免疫原性并增强免疫反应。佐剂应该具备高效力,且低毒性才可以应用到临床。
一些天然的和合成的佐剂分子已经被用于临床实验,也有被批准用于人类疫苗。天然佐剂一般是混合物,难以获得,在一些情况下,又不够稳定,所以合成佐剂是我们的目标。
KRN7000(结构如图1所示)是一类海洋海绵衍生化的合成糖脂,具有抗肿瘤和免疫激活特性[1,2,3]。结构上,它由半乳糖通过α-O-糖苷键连接到C18植物鞘氨醇与酰胺键连接的饱和C26脂肪链。KRN7000嵌入到树突细胞上的非多态性MHC-1样抗原呈递分子CD1d上,其疏水烷基链埋在CD1d结合沟中,极性部分处在CD1的外表面,暴露在溶剂中以便T细胞受体能够识别,极性部位与确定CD1d残基接触决定了识别方向。KRN7000与树突细胞上CD1d结合呈递给恒定自然杀伤性T细胞(iNKT)上的T细胞受体,激活iNKT细胞。虽然在血液中iNKT细胞只占T细胞的一小部分,但是它代表一类特别的淋巴细胞,能够快速响应;这些激活的iNKT细胞迅速产生TH1-型(IFNγ)和TH2-型(IL-4)细胞因子,活化其它免疫细胞参与先天性免疫和获得性免疫[4,5]。
KRN7000作为一种特别有用的特异性CD1d激动剂,在过去26年里引起了浓厚研究兴趣,但是其来源有限且价格昂贵,且人工合成较为困难迫使发展了不同的合成方法[3]。早期主要集中于合成方法的开发,产业化工艺开发几乎没有。主要合成难点如下:
1.糖环2位乙酰基,苄基等保护后,邻基参与效应糖苷化倾向形成α-糖苷键,构建高选择性α-糖苷键是合成的一大挑战。通常合成的为混合物,异构体的分离也是较为棘手的。糖苷化同样也存在收率低,成本高,杂质纯化难度增大[6]。
2.糖供体需要不同的保护基来确保立体或区域选择性,糖供体上1位离去基团通常有三氯乙腈,苯硫酚,乙酰基,碘等保护基。对供体大量合成具有挑战[7,8,9]。
3.鞘氨醇脂肪链通常选择叠氮化试剂,如叠氮化钠易爆,较为危险,放大存在问题[10]。
基于此,提出本发明。
[参考文献]
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[2]Tashiro,T.;Mori,K.Fifteen Years since the Development of KRN7000 Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on Novel Glycosphingolipids Which Stimulate Natural Killer T Cells.Trends.Glycosci.Glyc.2010,22,280–295.
[3]Banchet-Cadeddu,A.;Henon,E.;Dauchez,M.;Renault,J.H.;Monneaux,F.;Haudrechy,A.The Stimulating Adventure of KRN 7000.Org.Biomol.Chem.2011,9,3080-3104;
[4]Koch,M.;Stronge,V.S.;Shepherd,D.;Gadola,S.D.;Mathew,B.;Ritter,G.;Fersht,A.R.;Besra,G.S.;Schmidt,R.R.;Jones,E.Y.;Cerundolo,V.The Crystal Structure of Human CD1d with and withoutα-Galactosylceramide.Nat.Immunol.2005,6,819-826.
[5]Laurent,X.;Renault,N.;Farce,A.;Chavatte,P.;Henon,E.PLoS Comput.Biol.2014,10,e1003902.
[6]a)Morales-Serna,J.A.;Boutureira,O.;Diaz,Y.;Matheu,M.I.;Castillon,S.Recent Advances in the Glycosylation of Sphingosines and Ceramides.Carbohydr.Res.2007,342,1595-1612;b)Yao,D.;Liu,Y.;Yan,S.;Li,Y.;Hu,C.;Ding,N.Evidence of Robust Participation by an Equatorial 4-O group in Glycosylation on a 2-azido-2-deoxy-glucopyranosyl Donor.Chem.Commun.2017,53,2986-2989;c)Xu,K.;Man,Q.;Zhang,Y.;Guo,J.;Liu,Y.;Fu,Z.;Zhu,Y.;Li,Y.;Zheng,M.;Ding,N.Investigation of the Remote Acyl Group Participation in Glycosylation from Conformational Perspectives by Using Trichloroacetimidate as the Acetyl Surrogate.Org.Chem.Front.2020.
[7]a)Christina,A.E.;van der Marel,G.A.;Codee,J.D.C.,in Modern Synthetic Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry:From Mono-saccharides to Complex Glycoconjugates,ed.D.B.Werz and S.Vidal,Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.KGaA,1st edn,2014,ch.4,p.2014.;b)Nigudkar,S.S.;Demchenko,A.V.Stereocontrolled 1,2-cis Glycosylation as the Driving Force of Progress in Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry.Chem.Sci.2015,6,2687-2704;c)Guo,J.;Ye,X.S.Protecting Groups in Carbohydrate Chemistry:Influence on Stereoselectivity of Glycosylations.Molecules.2010,15,7235-7265.
[8]a)Ding,N.;Li,C.;Liu,Y.;Zhang,Z.;Li,Y.Concise Synthesis of Clarhamnoside,a Novel Glycosphingolipid Isolated from the Marine Sponge Agela clathrodes.Carbohydr.Res.2007,342,2003-2013;b)Liu,Y.;Xu,X.;Gao,Q.;Yan,S.;Li,Y.;Ding,N.Glycosylation of a Ketone with an O-Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidate Provides an Enol Glycoside.Org.Lett.2018,20,5186-5189.
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发明内容
本发明首先涉及一种三步法合成KRN7000的方法,所述的方法包括如下反应步骤:
(1)糖砌块嵌段合成并进行羟基保护;
(2)脂肪链嵌段合成;
(3)将所述糖砌块嵌段和所述脂肪链嵌段进行偶联-还原成下式(1)所示的化合物KRN7k-9,从化合物KRN7k-9出发,进一步合成KRN7000;
步骤(1)所述的糖砌块嵌段中,
糖母核为葡萄糖,
糖砌块嵌段中包含单STol取代基,
糖母核中的羟基使用保护剂保护,所述的保护剂为二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸)和苯甲酰氯;
优选的,糖母核中与氧原子相邻的两个羟基被一个二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸)保护剂保护,剩余两个羟基被BzCl保护;
最优选的,所述的经羟基保护的糖砌块嵌段为式(2)所示的化合物KRN7k-6,
所述的化合物KRN7k-6的制备过程如下反应式所示,
具体的:
1)D-吡喃葡萄糖为原料,将D-吡喃葡萄糖溶于乙酸酐中,加入吡啶,反应后制得化合物KRN7k-2(白色固体);
优选的,D-吡喃葡萄糖与乙酸酐的用量比(摩尔比)为1:10,乙酸酐与吡啶的用量比(体积比)为1:1,反应产物用乙酸乙酯抽提,并用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,5%(质量百分比)柠檬酸水洗,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,负压浓缩,加入石油醚搅拌析出固体,过滤得固体,进行精制;
2)KRN7k-2溶于二氯甲烷中,加入对甲基苯硫酚后缓慢滴加三氟化硼乙醚,反应后制得化合物KRN7k-3(白色固体);
优选的,KRN7k-2与对甲基苯硫酚、三氟化硼乙醚的用量比(摩尔比)为5:6:9,反应过程惰性气体保护,温度0-5℃;产物以饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤并以EA+PE进行重结晶精制;
3)甲醇中加入KRN7k-3,缓慢滴加甲醇钠/甲醇溶液至pH在9-10之间,反应后制得化合物KRN7k-4(白色固体);
优选的,反应产物加甲醇洗涤干净的H+阳离子树脂调pH到7,浓缩后加入石油醚,乙酸乙酯(1:10)搅拌析出固体,过滤,精制;
4)吡啶中加入KRN7k-4,缓慢滴加二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸),反应后制得油状化合物KRN7k-5;
优选的,二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸)的摩尔量略多于KRN7k-4的摩尔量,反应过程冰浴下进行,反应产物用乙酸乙酯抽提,并用水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤精制;
5)吡啶中加入KRN7k-5,缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯,反应完全后,加入甲醇淬灭反应后制得化合物KRN7k-6(白色固体);
优选的,KRN7k-5与苯甲酰氯的用量(摩尔比)为1:8,反应完全后,加入甲醇淬灭反应,二氯甲烷溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗,5%柠檬酸水洗,水洗,食盐水洗,浓缩后得油状粗产物,加入无水乙醇搅拌析出固体,过滤,精制。
步骤(2)所述的脂肪链嵌段为:式(3)所示的化合物L5,
所述化合物L5以植物鞘氨醇为底物制备获得,所述的化合物L5的制备过程如下反应式所示,
具体的:
1)植物鞘氨醇溶于四氢呋喃/甲醇(3:1)中,加入1H-咪唑磺酰叠氮盐酸盐,搅拌溶解后加入碳酸钾)和无水硫酸铜继续反应至反应完成得化合物L2;
优选的,植物鞘氨醇与1H-咪唑磺酰叠氮盐酸盐、碳酸钾、无水硫酸铜的用量比(摩尔比)为13:14:38:1,反应产物以甲醇溶解后薄层层析法纯化精制;
2)化合物L2溶于吡啶中,加入DMAP,氮气保护缓慢滴加TBDPSCl,反应结束后加入甲醇淬灭反应得油状化合物L3;
优选的,L2与DMAP、TBDPSCl的用量比(摩尔比)为10:1:11,产物以乙酸乙酯溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,过滤,负压浓缩精制;
3)化合物L3中加入吡啶、DMAP,氮气保护下缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯,反应结束后加甲醇淬灭反应得油状化合物L4;
优选的,L3与吡啶、DMAP的用量比(摩尔比)10:40:1,产物负压浓缩得油状物,二氯甲烷溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,干燥,过滤,负压浓缩进行精制;
4)化合物L4加入四氢呋喃、吡啶,缓慢加入氟化氢吡啶溶液,反应结束后得化合物L5(白色固体);
优选的,约40mmol L4中加入170mL四氢呋喃,170mL吡啶,冰浴至0℃,缓慢加入104ml氟化氢吡啶溶液,控制反应体系温度10-45℃;反应结束后,乙酸乙酯稀释,加入饱和碳酸氢钠调pH到6-7,分层后,加入1.5M盐酸洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,干燥,过滤,负压浓缩得油状物粗品L5,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化精制。
步骤(3)的制备过程如下反应式所示,
具体的:
1)KRN7k-6中加入L5,N-碘代丁二酰亚胺,分子筛活化粉,超干二氯甲烷溶解后,加入三氟甲磺酸酸,反应结束后三乙胺淬灭得油状液体KRN7k-7;
优选的,KRN7k-6、L5、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺、三氟甲磺酸的用量比(摩尔比)为14:10:40:3,反应在氮气保护下冰浴进行,反应结束后,三乙胺淬灭,负压浓缩得油状物,粗产物用薄层层析法精制;
2)KRN7k-7溶于二氯甲烷,甲醇,加入六水氯化镍,冰浴搅拌,再加入硼氢化钠后常温反应,反应得目标化合物淡黄色液体KRN7k-8;
优选的,KRN7k-7、六水氯化镍、硼氢化钠的用量比(摩尔比)为1:6:10;反应完全后,加入硅胶负压浓缩得固体,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化;
3)蜡酸、EDCI、HOBT、四氢呋喃混匀后氮气保护下冰浴,加入溶于四氢呋喃的KRN7k-8,加入DIPEA混合,再将混合后的溶液滴加到蜡酸溶液中,此步氨基接上HO2C-C25H51,反应结束后得油状液体KRN7k-9;
优选的,蜡酸、EDCI、HOBT、KRN7k-8、DIPEA摩尔比为3:20:20:2:6;反应体系温度0-5℃,反应结束后水洗,饱和食盐水洗至中性,负压浓缩后用薄层层析法进行精制;
4)将KRN7k-9溶于四氢呋喃中,冰浴滴加氢氟酸吡啶溶液,脱除硅叉保护基搅拌至反应完成得油状液体KRN7k-10;
优选的,将KRN7k-9四氢呋喃中,冰浴滴加氢氟酸吡啶溶液,反应完成用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭,负压浓缩至只有水层,加入二氯甲烷搅拌后取有机层,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,负压浓缩得粗产物,用薄层层析法精制;
5)将KRN7k-10溶于甲醇中,冰浴滴加甲醇钠/甲醇溶液调pH,反应完得终产品KRN7000(白色固体);
优选的,滴加甲醇钠/甲醇溶液调pH=10,滴完升温至室温继续反应,反应完加入氯仿溶解,过滤,氯仿漂洗,负压浓缩得固体粗品,加入甲醇搅拌出固体,过滤得粗品,再加入石油醚搅拌,过滤出白色固体KRN7000。
本发明还涉及式(1)所示的化合物KRN7k-9,
本发明还涉及式(2)所示的化合物KRN7k-6,
本发明还涉及化合物KRN7k-9、KRN7k-6在制备疫苗佐剂KRN7000或包含KRN7000的疫苗产品中的应用。
本发明还涉及所述化合物KRN7k-9的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)以D-吡喃葡萄糖为原料制备化合物KRN7k-6,具体的步骤包括:
1)D-吡喃葡萄糖为原料,将D-吡喃葡萄糖溶于乙酸酐中,加入吡啶反应后制得白化合物KRN7k-2(白色固体);
优选的,D-吡喃葡萄糖与乙酸酐的用量比(摩尔比)为1:10,乙酸酐与吡啶的用量比(体积比)为1:1,反应产物用乙酸乙酯抽提,并用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,5%(质量百分比)柠檬酸水洗,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,负压浓缩,加入石油醚搅拌析出固体,过滤得固体,进行精制;
2)KRN7k-2溶于二氯甲烷中,加入对甲基苯硫酚后缓慢滴加三氟化硼乙醚,反应后制得化合物KRN7k-3(白色固体);
优选的,KRN7k-2与对甲基苯硫酚、三氟化硼乙醚的用量比(摩尔比)为5:6:9,反应过程惰性气体保护,温度0-5℃;产物以饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤并以EA+PE进行重结晶精制;
3)甲醇中加入KRN7k-3,缓慢滴加甲醇钠/甲醇溶液至pH在9-10之间,反应后石油醚:乙酸乙酯(10:1,v:v)加入搅拌出固体,过滤,制得化合物KRN7k-4(白色固体);
优选的,反应产物加甲醇洗涤干净的H+阳离子树脂调pH到7,浓缩后加入石油醚,乙酸乙酯(1:10)搅拌析出固体,过滤,精制;
4)吡啶中加入KRN7k-4,缓慢滴加二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸),反应后制得油状化合物KRN7k-5;
优选的,二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸)的摩尔量略多于KRN7k-4的摩尔量,反应过程冰浴下进行,反应产物用乙酸乙酯抽提,并用水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤精制;
5)吡啶中加入KRN7k-5,缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯,反应完全后,加入甲醇淬灭,加入无水乙醇搅拌析出固体,过滤后制得化合物KRN7k-6(白色固体);
优选的,KRN7k-5与苯甲酰氯的用量(摩尔比)为1:8,反应完全后,加入甲醇淬灭反应,二氯甲烷溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗,5%柠檬酸水洗,水洗,食盐水洗,浓缩后得油状粗产物,加入无水乙醇搅拌析出固体,过滤,精制;
(2)以植物鞘氨醇为原料,制备化合物L5,具体的步骤包括:
6)植物鞘氨醇溶于四氢呋喃/甲醇(3:1)中,加入1H-咪唑磺酰叠氮盐酸盐,搅拌溶解后加入碳酸钾)和无水硫酸铜继续反应至反应完成得化合物L2;
优选的,植物鞘氨醇与1H-咪唑磺酰叠氮盐酸盐、碳酸钾、无水硫酸铜的用量比(摩尔比)为13:14:38:1,反应产物以甲醇溶解后薄层层析法纯化精制;
7)化合物L2溶于吡啶中,加入DMAP,氮气保护缓慢滴加TBDPSCl,反应结束后加入甲醇淬灭反应得油状化合物L3;
优选的,L2与DMAP、TBDPSCl的用量比(摩尔比)为10:1:11,产物以乙酸乙酯溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,过滤,负压浓缩精制;
8)化合物L3中加入吡啶、DMAP,氮气保护下缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯,反应结束后加甲醇淬灭反应得油状化合物L4;
优选的,L3与吡啶、DMAP的用量比(摩尔比)10:40:1,产物负压浓缩得油状物,二氯甲烷溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,干燥,过滤,负压浓缩进行精制;
9)化合物L4加入四氢呋喃、吡啶,缓慢加入氟化氢吡啶溶液,反应结束后得化合物L5(淡黄色固体);
优选的,约40mmol L4中加入170mL四氢呋喃,170mL吡啶,冰浴至0℃,缓慢加入104ml氟化氢吡啶溶液,控制反应体系温度10-45℃;反应结束后,乙酸乙酯稀释,加入饱和碳酸氢钠调pH到6-7,分层后,加入1.5M盐酸洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,干燥,过滤,负压浓缩得油状物粗品L5,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化精制;
(3)以化合物KRN7k-6、化合物L5为原料,制备KRN7k-9,具体步骤如下:
10)KRN7k-6中加入L5,N-碘代丁二酰亚胺,分子筛活化粉,超干二氯甲烷溶解后,加入三氟甲磺酸,反应结束后三乙胺淬灭得油状液体KRN7k-7;
优选的,KRN7k-6、L5、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺、三氟甲磺酸的用量比(摩尔比)为14:10:40:3,反应在氮气保护下冰浴进行,反应结束后,三乙胺淬灭,负压浓缩得油状物,粗产物用薄层层析法精制;
11)KRN7k-7溶于二氯甲烷,甲醇,加入六水氯化镍,冰浴搅拌后再加入硼氢化钠,反应得目标化合物淡黄色液体KRN7k-8;
优选的,KRN7k-7、六水氯化镍、硼氢化钠的用量比(摩尔比)为1:6:10;反应完全后,加入硅胶负压浓缩得固体,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化;
12)蜡酸、EDCI、HOBT、四氢呋喃溶剂混匀后氮气保护下冰浴;KRN7k-8、DIPEA加入等体积四氢呋喃溶剂混合;再将混合后的KRN7k-8溶液滴加到蜡酸溶液中,反应结束后得油状液体KRN7k-9;
优选的,蜡酸、EDCI、HOBT、KRN7k-8、DIPEA摩尔比为3:20:20:2:6;反应体系温度0-5℃,反应结束后水洗,饱和食盐水洗至中性,负压浓缩后用薄层层析法进行精制。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)合成了一种新型化合物中间体KRN7k-9,再通过三步反应得到KRN7000;
(2)对工艺进行优化,可以高效合成关键新型化合物中间体KRN7k-9;
(3)本发明中,选择商业化的D-吡喃葡萄糖,植物鞘氨醇为起始物料,主链通过二叔丁基硅基保护,选择性与脂肪链合成α-糖苷键,在通过一步还原叠氮成氨基得到新型化合物中间体,经优化后的工艺路线,可大规模制备目标新型化合物中间体KRN7k-6,进而高效合成疫苗佐剂KRN7000,解决了其来源以及应用于临床疫苗中的一个障碍。
图1、KRN7000佐剂的化合物结构。
图2、本发明合成KRN7000佐剂的合成路线图。
图3、新化合物关键中间体KRN7k-9的化合物核磁表征数据。
图4、KRN7000佐剂的化合物核磁表征数据。
图5、KRN7000佐剂的化合物质谱表征数据。
1.1实验材料
实验用水为Milli-Q水(18.2MΩ·cm,Millipore公司)。
吡啶(Py)、三乙胺(TEA)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、石油醚(PE)、甲醇(MeOH)、无水乙醇(Ethanol absolute)、四氢呋喃(THF)、二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)等均为分析纯试剂,购买于上海泰坦科技,直接使用;其他主要试剂货号及质量标准如下表1。
表1,主要试剂货号及质量标准
1.2实验仪器
四氟节门层析柱(型号:C363230C,C364640C)是购自重庆欣维尔玻璃有限公司。
低温循环泵(型号:DLSB-5/20),控温仪(型号:ZNHW-II),磁力搅拌器(型号:98-2),机械搅拌器(型号:100W),旋片式真空泵(型号:2XZ-4),暗箱紫外分析仪器(型号:ZF-20D),鼓风干燥箱(型号:DHG-9240A)均购自上海信铮科贸有限公司。
HPLC:Agilent 1260 Infinityll,设备编号:ME-D-044(J);色谱柱:InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC C18(色谱柱编号:C18-03)购自上海赛默飞世尔科技有限公司。
实施例1:糖砌块结构嵌段的合成
步骤1.化合物KRN7k-2的制备
取一个250mL的四口烧瓶,将D-吡喃葡萄糖(10g,55.5mmol)溶于乙酸酐(50mL,532.4mmol)中,待混合均匀后向反应液中缓慢滴加50mL吡啶,缓慢升温,搅拌至溶解,并用TLC监测反应进度。
反应结束后,65℃负压浓缩除去溶剂,100mL乙酸乙酯溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,5%柠檬酸水洗,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性。
有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,加入石油醚100ml,搅拌析出固体,过滤出白色固体得化合物KRN7k-2,45℃烘干,产量22.02g,产率97%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.70(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.43(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),5.34(d,J=1.1Hz,2H),4.35(dd,J=6.9,4.4Hz,1H),4.14(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),4.06(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.16(d,J=1.8Hz,6H),2.14–2.10(m,9H).MS(ESI):413.2(C16H22O11,[M+Na]+)。
步骤2.化合物KRN7k-3的制备
取一个500mL的四口烧瓶,KRN7k-2(22.0g,56.4mmol),溶于200ml二氯甲烷中,加入10g分子筛活化粉(01283099,AR)干燥,氮气保护下降温至0℃,加入对甲基苯硫酚(9.9g,66.6mmol);
缓慢滴加三氟化硼乙醚(14.4g,101.5mmol,缓慢升温,控温0-5℃,滴完保温0℃保温1h,转到室温搅拌过夜,TLC检测进度。
反应完,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,水洗,食盐水洗涤至中性。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,负压浓缩得粗品固体化合物,43ml乙酸乙酯溶解,加热回流后滴加325ml石油醚重结晶得白色固体,50℃烘干得KRN7k-3,产量15.48g,收率60.4%。熔点118.0-119.0℃。
1H NMR(CDCl 3,600MHz)δ2.0(d,J=12Hz,6H),2.09(s,6H),2.35(s,3H),3.69(dd,J=1.8Hz,6Hz,1H),4.19(m,2H),4.63(d,J=6Hz,1H),4.92-5.03(m,2H),5.21(d,J=12Hz,1H),7.12-7.40(m,4H)ppm.MS(ESI):453.0(C21H26O9S,[M-H]-)。
步骤3.化合物KRN7k-4的制备
取一个250mL的四口圆底烧瓶,分别向其中加入甲醇100ml和KRN7k-3(15g,33mmol),磁力搅拌不溶解。
冰浴至0℃,缓慢滴加甲醇钠(0.26g,5.0mmol)至pH在9-10之间,2-5min后反应液变澄清并用TLC监测。
反应完全后,加甲醇洗涤干净的H+阳离子树脂(A824461,AR)调pH到7,减压蒸馏至干。
加入15ml乙酸乙酯溶解,加热至回流,加入150ml石油醚保温搅拌1h,降温至室温过滤出白色固体,50℃烘干得KRN7k-4,产量7.88g,产率83.4%,熔点:142.0-143.0℃。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.35(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.13(t,J=10.1Hz,2H),5.22–4.95(m,1H),
4.47(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),3.66(d,J=30.0Hz,1H),3.57–3.46(m,2H),3.42(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.41–3.36(m,1H),2.27(s,3H).MS(ESI):285.57(C13H18O5S,[M-H]-)。
步骤4.化合物KRN7k-5的制备
取一个250mL的四口圆底烧瓶,分别向其中加入吡啶100ml和KRN7k-4(14.3g,49.9mmol)搅拌溶解。
冰浴至0℃,缓慢滴加二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸)(24.2g,54.9mmol),自然升温,控温0-10℃,滴完撤去冰浴升至室温搅拌,TLC监测。
反应完全后,负压浓缩至干。加100mL乙酸乙酯溶解,水洗,食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤负压浓缩至干得油状KRN7k-5,产量21.8g,产率102.3%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(t,J=13.9Hz,2H),7.11(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),4.46(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.41(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.23(d,J=11.2Hz,2H),3.76–3.66(m,1H),3.56–3.47(m,1H),3.43(d,J=0.7Hz,1H),2.79(t,J=12.2Hz,1H,OH),2.72(dd,J=12.0,3.3Hz,1H,OH),2.33(s,3H),1.05(s,9H),1.03(s,9H).MS(ESI):449.5(C21H34O5SSi,[M+Na]+)。
步骤5.化合物KRN7k-6的制备
取一个250mL的四口圆底烧瓶,分别向其中加入吡啶60ml和KRN7k-5(21.8g,49.9mmol)搅拌溶解。
冰浴至0℃,缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯(56.1g,400mmol),缓慢升温,反应液变浑浊,滴完,室温搅拌,TLC监测。
反应完全后,加入9.6mL(6eq)甲醇淬灭反应,负压浓缩至干。
加二氯甲烷溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗,5%柠檬酸水洗,水洗,食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤负压浓缩至干得油状液体,粗产物加入200ml无水乙醇,搅拌析出固体,过滤得得KRN7k-6,为白色固体,产量19.5g,产率60.2%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.12(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.99(dd,J=7.2,1.4Hz,3H),7.64–7.44(m,4H),7.37(dd,J=7.8,2.8Hz,4H),7.04(t,J=16.5Hz,2H),6.04–5.74(m,1H,2-H),5.19(dd,J=9.8,3.1Hz,1H,3-H),4.88–4.86(m,2H,1-H,4-H),4.35–4.25(m,2H,6a-H and 6b-H),3.60(d,J=14.1Hz,1H,5-H),2.31(s,3H),1.16(d,J=4.5Hz,9H,CH 3-tBu-Si),1.00–0.93(m,9H,CH 3-tBu-Si).MS(ESI):657.4(C35H42O7SSi,[M+Na]+)。
实施例2、脂肪链部分合成
步骤1.化合物L2的制备
取一个500mL的四口烧瓶,将植物鞘氨醇(20g,63mmol)溶于四氢呋喃/甲醇(3:1)400ml中,加入1H-咪唑磺酰叠氮盐酸盐(14.5g,69.3mmol),
搅拌溶解后加入碳酸钾(26g,189mmol)和无水硫酸铜(0.8g,5mmol)继续反应至反应完成,并用TLC监测反应进度。
反应结束后,负压浓缩除去溶剂,甲醇溶解,过滤除去无机物,负压浓缩得固体粗品,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化(DCM:MeOH=10:1),得白色固体L2。产量19.2g,产率89%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ3.82–3.67(m,1H),3.58(dd,J=20.3,9.1Hz,1H),3.51(dt,J=25.0,9.9Hz,1H),3.41–3.22(m,2H,H-3,H-4),1.65–1.33(m,2H,CH 2),1.24(s,24H,12×CH 2),0.86(t,J=6.7Hz,3H,CH 3).MS(ESI):685.3(C18H37N3O3,[2M-H]-)。
步骤2.化合物L3的制备
取一个250mL的四口烧瓶,将L2(15g,43.7mmol)溶于吡啶150ml中,搅拌溶解;
加入二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)(0.56g,4.4mmol),氮气保护缓慢滴加叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷(TBDPSCl)(13.7g,48mmol),自然升温,滴完控制体系温度为30-35℃,余温搅拌过夜,并用TLC监测反应进度。
反应结束后,加入0.1eq甲醇淬灭反应,减压浓缩得油状物,乙酸乙酯溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,负压浓缩得油状物L3,未经纯化直接下一步。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.67(dd,J=19.2,6.0Hz,4H),7.51–7.32(m,6H),4.09–3.97(m,1H),3.96–3.83(m,1H),3.65(d,J=32.7Hz,2H),3.56(dd,J=9.7,5.5Hz,1H),1.55(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),1.27(d,J=9.7Hz,24H),1.08(s,9H),0.89(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).MS(ESI):582.5(C34H55N3O3Si,[M+H]+)。
步骤3.化合物L4的制备
取一个500mL的四口烧瓶,加入L3(25.4g,43.7mmol),吡啶(250ml),DMAP(0.5g,4.4mmol),氮气保护下降温,控制反应体系温度0-5℃,缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯。
滴完,内温升至0℃,撤去冰浴,室温反应过夜,反应结束后,滴加6eq甲醇淬灭反应,反应液负压浓缩得油状物,二氯甲烷溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性。
无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,负压浓缩得油状物化合物L4,未经纯化直接下一步。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.03(dd,J=8.6,7.3Hz,4H),7.89(dd,J=15.7,7.2Hz,4H),7.61–7.51(m,6H),7.42(t,J=8.5Hz,6H),5.56–5.44(m,2H),3.98(q,J=6.5Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=11.7,5.1Hz,2H),1.89–1.73(m,2H),1.23(d,J=10.6Hz,24H),1.04(s,9H),0.88(t,J=5.6Hz,3H).MS(ESI):812.5(C48H63N3O5Si,[M+Na]+)。
步骤4.化合物L5的制备
取一个500mL的氟化瓶,加入L4(34.5g,43.7mmol),170mL四氢呋喃,170mL吡啶,冰浴至0℃,分批加入104ml氟化氢吡啶溶液(反应放热),控制反应体系温度10-45℃;反应体系最高升温至40℃,并用TLC监测反应进度。
反应结束后,乙酸乙酯稀释,加入饱和碳酸氢钠调pH到6-7,分层后,加入1.5M盐酸洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性。
无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,负压浓缩得油状物粗品L5,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化(EA:PE=10:1)得白色固体L5,产量12g,L2出发到L5的综合收率50%。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07–7.95(m,4H),7.62–7.51(m,2H),7.49–7.40(m,4H),5.62–5.44(m,2H),4.05–3.92(m,1H),3.87–3.70(m,2H),2.01–1.86(m,2H),1.38–1.17(m,24H),0.88(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).MS(ESI):552.5(C32H45N3O5,[M+H]+)。
实施例3、偶联-还原合成新化合物中间体
步骤1.化合物KRN7k-7的制备
取一个250mL的四口烧瓶,加入KRN7k-6(5.0g,7.9mmol),L5(3.1g,5.6mmol),N-碘代丁二酰亚胺(5.0g,22.4mmol),2.5g分子筛活化粉干燥,二氯甲烷75mL溶解,溶液为淡红色溶液;
氮气保护下冰浴降温至0℃,加入三氟甲磺酸(0.25g,1.7mmol),溶液迅速变成红色溶液,并用TLC监测反应进度。
反应结束后,三乙胺淬灭,负压浓缩得油状物,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化(EA:PE=10:1)得油状液体KRN7k-7,产量2.9g,收率48.7%。
1H NMR(CDCl3):d7.92–8.04(10H,m,Ar–H),7.27–7.64(10H,m,Ar–H),5.80(1H,dd,H-2,J2,1=3.6),5.55(1H,dd,J 3,2=10.6,J 3,4=2.8Hz,H-3),5.42–5.50(2H,m,H-3 Cer,H-4 Cer),5.31(1H,d,H-1),4.87(d,1H,H-4),4.13–4.27(m,3H,H-2 Cer,H-6a,,H-6b),4.00–4.13(m,1H,H-5),3.85–3.90(m,1H,H-1a Cer),3.68(dd,1H,J 1a,1b=10.4,J 1b,2=8.6Hz,H-1b Cer),1.86(m,2H,H-5a Cer,H-5b Cer),1.24(m,24H,CH2),0.96,1.12(2s,18H,2*t-Bu),0.88(3H,t,CH3);MS(ESI):1084.5(C60H79N3O12Si,[M+Na]+。
步骤2.化合物KRN7k-8的制备
取一个100mL的圆底烧瓶,向其中加入KRN7k-7(2.5g,2.4mmol)溶于25mL二氯甲烷,37.5mL甲醇,冰浴至0℃;
加入六水氯化镍(3.4g,14.1mmol),保温搅拌半小时后再加入化合物硼氢化钠(0.9g,23.6mmol),常温搅拌并用TLC监测。
反应完全后,加入硅胶负压浓缩得固体。
粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化(PE:EA=15:1),得目标化合物KRN7k-8。
产物KRN7k-8为淡黄色液体,产量1.46g,产率60%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.08–7.84(m,10H),7.46–7.31(m,10H),5.78–5.71(m,1H),
5.49–5.44(m,1H),5.44–5.30(m,2H),5.18(dt,J=17.5,8.8Hz,1H),4.85(d,J=12.6Hz,1H),4.21(dq,J=21.1,10.6Hz,3H),4.11(s,1H),3.85(s,1H),3.69(d,J=11.6Hz,1H),1.80(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),1.31(d,J=19.2Hz,24H),1.18–1.00(m,18H),0.93–0.91(m,3H).MS(ESI):1035(C60H81NO12Si,[M+H]+)。
实施例4、合成KRN7000
步骤1.化合物KRN7k-9的制备
取一个50mL的四口烧瓶,加入蜡酸(0.71g,1.8mmol),1-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDCI)(2.3g,11.8mmol),1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)(1.6g,11.8mmol),四氢呋喃12mL,氮气保护下冰浴降温至0℃,保温搅拌30分钟;
再将KRN7k-8(1.23g,1.2mmol)溶于12mL四氢呋喃,加入二异丙基乙二胺(DIPEA)(0.46g,3.6mmol)混合,再将混合后的溶液滴加到蜡酸溶液中,继续保温0-5℃反应30分钟,转移到室温搅拌过夜,并用TLC监测反应进度。
反应结束后,水洗,饱和食盐水洗至中性,负压浓缩得粗品,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化(PE:EA=10:1)得油状液体KRN7k-9,产量0.84g,收率50%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.16–7.83(m,10H),7.51–7.31(m,10H),6.53(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),5.71(dd,J=10.6,3.7Hz,1H),5.63–5.48(m,2H),5.20(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),4.84(d,J=2.9Hz,1H),4.64–4.56(m,1H),4.30–4.18(m,2H),3.94(s,1H),3.88–3.74(m,1H),3.68(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),2.26–2.16(m,3H),1.87(dd,J=17.1,10.3Hz,2H),1.31–1.22(m,76H),0.87(dt,J=6.9,3.3Hz,9H).MS(ESI):1414(C86H131NO13Si,[M+H]+)。
步骤2.化合物KRN7k-10的制备
取一个25mL的四口烧瓶,将KRN7k-9(0.8g,0.565mmol)溶于8mL四氢呋喃中,冰浴至0℃;
滴加氢氟酸吡啶2.4mL溶液至反应液中,滴完升至室温搅拌至反应完成,并用TLC监测反应进度。
反应结束后,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应至中性,负压浓缩至只有水层,加入二氯甲烷搅拌15分钟,分液取有机层,饱和食盐水洗涤两次至pH中性。
负压浓缩得化合物粗品粗产物,用薄层层析法进行分离纯化(PE:EA=2:1)得油状液体KRN7k-10,产量0.57g,产率79%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07–7.36(m,21H),5.98–5.74(m,1H),5.61(d,J=20.7Hz,2H),5.23(s,1H),4.70(s,1H),4.58(dd,J=16.9,9.4Hz,1H),4.44–4.29(m,3H),4.21(t,J=6.7Hz,1H),4.14–4.04(m,2H),4.03(d,J=15.5Hz,2H),2.30(dd,J=16.8,9.2Hz,3H),1.74–1.66(m,5H),1.31–1.21(m,79H),0.97–0.88(m,7H).MS(ESI):1273.8(C78H115NO13,[M+H]+)。
步骤3.终产品KRN7000的制备
取一个25mL的四口烧瓶,将KRN7k-10(0.5g,0.4mmol)溶于10mL甲醇中,冰浴至0℃,反应物未溶解;
滴加甲醇钠/甲醇溶液调pH=10,滴完升温至室温继续反应,并用TLC监测反应进度。
反应完,加入氯仿溶解,过滤,氯仿漂洗,负压浓缩得固体粗品,加入5ml甲醇搅拌出固体,过滤得粗品,再加入5ml石油醚搅拌30分钟,过滤出白色固体KRN7000,产量0.27g,产率80.2%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Pyr)δ8.42(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.56(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.25(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),4.72–4.61(m,2H),4.50(dd,J=12.7,6.7Hz,2H),4.47–4.34(m,4H),4.30(s,2H),2.42(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.27(s,1H),1.89(s,2H),1.81(dd,J=14.5,7.4Hz,2H),1.66(s,1H),1.27(d,J=26.2Hz,64H),0.86(t,J=6.4Hz,6H).MS(ESI):880.8(C50H99NO9,[M+Na]+)。
最后需要说明的是,以上实施例仅用于帮助本领域技术人员理解本发明的实质,不用于限定本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种合成KRN7000的方法,所述的方法包括如下反应步骤:(1)合成糖砌块嵌段并进行羟基保护;(2)合成脂肪链嵌段;(3)将所述糖砌块嵌段和所述脂肪链嵌段进行偶联-还原成下式(1)所示的化合物KRN7k-9,从化合物KRN7k-9出发,进一步合成KRN7000;
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的糖砌块嵌段中,糖母核为葡萄糖;糖砌块嵌段中包含单STol取代基;糖母核中的羟基使用保护剂保护,所述的保护剂为二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸)和苯甲酰氯;优选的,糖母核中与氧原子相邻的两个羟基被一个二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸)保护剂保护,剩余两个羟基被BzCl保护;最优选的,所述的经羟基保护的糖砌块嵌段为式(2)所示的化合物KRN7k-6,
- 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的化合物KRN7k-6的制备过程如下反应式所示,
具体的:1)D-吡喃葡萄糖为原料,将D-吡喃葡萄糖溶于乙酸酐中,加入吡啶,反应后制得化合物KRN7k-2(白色固体);2)KRN7k-2溶于二氯甲烷中,加入对甲基苯硫酚后缓慢滴加三氟化硼乙醚,反应后制得化合物KRN7k-3(白色固体);3)甲醇中加入KRN7k-3,缓慢滴加甲醇钠/甲醇溶液至pH在9-10之间,反应后制得化合物KRN7k-4(白色固体);4)吡啶中加入KRN7k-4,缓慢滴加二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸),反应后制得油状化合物KRN7k-5;5)吡啶中加入KRN7k-5,缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯,反应完全后,加入甲醇淬灭反应后制得化合物KRN7k-6(白色固体)。 - 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的脂肪链嵌段为式(3)所示的化合物L5,
- 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物L5以植物鞘氨醇为底物制备获得,所述的化合物L5的制备过程如下反应式所示,
具体的:1)植物鞘氨醇溶于四氢呋喃/甲醇中,加入1H-咪唑磺酰叠氮盐酸盐,搅拌溶解后加入碳酸钾和无水硫酸铜继续反应至反应完成得化合物L2;2)化合物L2溶于吡啶中,加入DMAP,氮气保护缓慢滴加TBDPSCl,反应结束后加入甲醇淬灭反应得油状化合物L3;3)化合物L3中加入吡啶、DMAP,氮气保护下缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯,反应结束后加甲醇淬灭反应得油状化合物L4;4)化合物L4加入四氢呋喃、吡啶,缓慢加入氟化氢吡啶溶液,反应结束后得化合物L5(白色固体)。 - 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)的制备过程如下反应式所示,
具体的:1)KRN7k-6中加入L5,N-碘代丁二酰亚胺,分子筛活化粉,超干二氯甲烷溶解后,加入三氟甲磺酸酸,反应结束后三乙胺淬灭得油状液体KRN7k-7;2)KRN7k-7溶于二氯甲烷,甲醇,加入六水氯化镍,冰浴搅拌,再加入硼氢化钠后常温反应,反应得目标化合物淡黄色液体KRN7k-8。3)蜡酸、EDCI、HOBT、四氢呋喃混匀后氮气保护下冰浴,加入溶于四氢呋喃的KRN7k-8,加入DIPEA混合,再将混合后的溶液滴加到蜡酸溶液中,此步氨基接上HO2C-C25H51,反应结束后得油状液体KRN7k-9;4)将KRN7k-9溶于四氢呋喃中,冰浴滴加氢氟酸吡啶溶液,脱除硅叉保护基搅拌至反应完成得油状液体KRN7k-10;5)将KRN7k-10溶于甲醇中,冰浴滴加甲醇钠/甲醇溶液调pH,反应完得终产品KRN7000(白色固体)。 - 化合物KRN7k-9,其特征在于,其结构如式(1)所示:
- 化合物KRN7k-6,其特征在于,其结构如式(2)所示:
- 权利要求7所述化合物KRN7k-9、权利要求8所述化合物KRN7k-6在制备疫苗佐剂KRN7000或包含KRN7000的疫苗产品中的应用。
- 权利要求7所述化合物KRN7k-9的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:(1)以D-吡喃葡萄糖为原料制备化合物KRN7k-6,具体的步骤包括:1)D-吡喃葡萄糖为原料,将D-吡喃葡萄糖溶于乙酸酐中,加入吡啶反应后制得白化合物KRN7k-2(白色固体);优选的,D-吡喃葡萄糖与乙酸酐的用量比(摩尔比)为1:10,乙酸酐与吡啶的用量比(体积比)为1:1,反应产物用乙酸乙酯抽提,并用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,5%(质量百分比)柠檬酸水洗,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,负压浓缩,加入石油醚搅拌析出固体,过滤得固体,进行精制;2)KRN7k-2溶于二氯甲烷中,加入对甲基苯硫酚后缓慢滴加三氟化硼乙醚,反应后制得化合物KRN7k-3(白色固体);优选的,KRN7k-2与对甲基苯硫酚、三氟化硼乙醚的用量比(摩尔比)为5:6:9,反应过程惰性气体保护,温度0-5℃;产物以饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤并以EA+PE进行重结晶精制;3)甲醇中加入KRN7k-3,缓慢滴加甲醇钠/甲醇溶液至pH在9-10之间,反应后石油醚:乙酸乙酯(10:1,v:v)加入搅拌出固体,过滤,制得化合物KRN7k-4(白色固体);优选的,反应产物加甲醇洗涤干净的H+阳离子树脂调pH到7,浓缩后加入石油醚,乙酸乙酯(1:10)搅拌析出固体,过滤,精制;4)吡啶中加入KRN7k-4,缓慢滴加二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸),反应后制得油状化合物KRN7k-5;优选的,二叔丁基硅基双(三氟甲烷磺酸)的摩尔量略多于KRN7k-4的摩尔量,反应过程冰浴下进行,反应产物用乙酸乙酯抽提,并用水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤精制;5)吡啶中加入KRN7k-5,缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯,反应完全后,加入甲醇淬灭,加入无水乙醇搅拌析出固体,过滤后制得化合物KRN7k-6(白色固体);优选的,KRN7k-5与苯甲酰氯的用量(摩尔比)为1:8,反应完全后,加入甲醇淬灭反应,二氯甲烷溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗,5%柠檬酸水洗,水洗,食盐水洗,浓缩后得油状粗产物,加入无水乙醇搅拌析出固体,过滤,精制;(2)以植物鞘氨醇为原料,制备化合物L5,具体的步骤包括:6)植物鞘氨醇溶于四氢呋喃/甲醇(3:1)中,加入1H-咪唑磺酰叠氮盐酸盐,搅拌溶解后加入碳酸钾)和无水硫酸铜继续反应至反应完成得化合物L2;优选的,植物鞘氨醇与1H-咪唑磺酰叠氮盐酸盐、碳酸钾、无水硫酸铜的用量比(摩尔比)为13:14:38:1,反应产物以甲醇溶解后薄层层析法纯化精制;7)化合物L2溶于吡啶中,加入DMAP,氮气保护缓慢滴加TBDPSCl,反应结束后加入甲醇淬灭反应得油状化合物L3;优选的,L2与DMAP、TBDPSCl的用量比(摩尔比)为10:1:11,产物以乙酸乙酯溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,过滤,负压浓缩精制;8)化合物L3中加入吡啶、DMAP,氮气保护下缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯,反应结束后加甲醇淬灭反应得油状化合物L4;优选的,L3与吡啶、DMAP的用量比(摩尔比)10:40:1,产物负压浓缩得油状物,二氯甲烷溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,干燥,过滤,负压浓缩进行精制;9)化合物L4加入四氢呋喃、吡啶,缓慢加入氟化氢吡啶溶液,反应结束后得化合物L5(淡黄色固体);优选的,约40mmol L4中加入170mL四氢呋喃,170mL吡啶,冰浴至0℃,缓慢加入104ml氟化氢吡啶溶液,控制反应体系温度10-45℃;反应结束后,乙酸乙酯稀释,加入饱和碳酸氢钠调pH到6-7,分层后,加入1.5M盐酸洗涤,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤至pH中性,干燥,过滤,负压浓缩得油状物粗品L5,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化精制;(3)以化合物KRN7k-6、化合物L5为原料,制备KRN7k-9,具体步骤如下:10)KRN7k-6中加入L5,N-碘代丁二酰亚胺,分子筛活化粉,超干二氯甲烷溶解后,加入三氟甲磺酸,反应结束后三乙胺淬灭得油状液体KRN7k-7;优选的,KRN7k-6、L5、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺、三氟甲磺酸的用量比(摩尔比)为14:10:40:3,反应在氮气保护下冰浴进行,反应结束后,三乙胺淬灭,负压浓缩得油状物,粗产物用薄层层析法精制;11)KRN7k-7溶于二氯甲烷,甲醇,加入六水氯化镍,冰浴搅拌后再加入硼氢化钠,反应得目标化合物淡黄色液体KRN7k-8;优选的,KRN7k-7、六水氯化镍、硼氢化钠的用量比(摩尔比)为1:6:10;反应完全后,加入硅胶负压浓缩得固体,粗产物用薄层层析法进行分离纯化;12)蜡酸、EDCI、HOBT、四氢呋喃溶剂混匀后氮气保护下冰浴;KRN7k-8、DIPEA加入等体积四氢呋喃溶剂混合;再将混合后的KRN7k-8溶液滴加到蜡酸溶液中,反应结束后得油状液体KRN7k-9;优选的,蜡酸、EDCI、HOBT、KRN7k-8、DIPEA摩尔比为3:20:20:2:6;反应体系温度0-5℃,反应结束后水洗,饱和食盐水洗至中性,负压浓缩后用薄层层析法进行精制。
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