WO2023228328A1 - Carbure cémenté et outil de coupe utilisant celui-ci - Google Patents

Carbure cémenté et outil de coupe utilisant celui-ci Download PDF

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WO2023228328A1
WO2023228328A1 PCT/JP2022/021423 JP2022021423W WO2023228328A1 WO 2023228328 A1 WO2023228328 A1 WO 2023228328A1 JP 2022021423 W JP2022021423 W JP 2022021423W WO 2023228328 A1 WO2023228328 A1 WO 2023228328A1
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phase
cemented carbide
less
content
particles
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PCT/JP2022/021423
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
宣夫 宮坂
隆洋 山川
和弘 広瀬
克哉 内野
剛志 山本
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住友電工ハードメタル株式会社
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Application filed by 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 filed Critical 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社
Priority to JP2022576875A priority Critical patent/JP7401048B1/ja
Priority to EP22943731.4A priority patent/EP4372115A4/fr
Priority to CN202280060161.2A priority patent/CN117916397A/zh
Priority to PCT/JP2022/021423 priority patent/WO2023228328A1/fr
Priority to TW112102618A priority patent/TW202346614A/zh
Publication of WO2023228328A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023228328A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C2200/00—Crystalline structure

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a cemented carbide and a cutting tool using the same.
  • the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is A cemented carbide comprising a first phase consisting of tungsten carbide particles and a second phase containing cobalt as a main component,
  • the total content of the first phase and the second phase of the cemented carbide is 97% by volume or more,
  • the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the tungsten carbide particles is 0.8 ⁇ m or less,
  • the cobalt content of the cemented carbide is 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less,
  • the vanadium content of the cemented carbide is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.30% by mass or less,
  • the cemented carbide has a maximum vanadium content of 15 atomic % or less in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase.
  • a cutting tool of the present disclosure includes a cutting edge made of the above-mentioned cemented carbide.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring the vanadium content in the WC/second phase interface region.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a cutting tool (small diameter drill) of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the width of wear scars measured in Examples.
  • the present disclosure provides a cemented carbide that can provide a cutting tool with a long tool life even when used as a material for a cutting tool used particularly for micromachining of printed circuit boards, and a cutting tool equipped with the same.
  • the purpose is to provide
  • the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is A cemented carbide comprising a first phase consisting of tungsten carbide particles and a second phase containing cobalt as a main component,
  • the total content of the first phase and the second phase of the cemented carbide is 97% by volume or more,
  • the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the tungsten carbide particles is 0.8 ⁇ m or less,
  • the cobalt content of the cemented carbide is 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less,
  • the vanadium content of the cemented carbide is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.30% by mass or less,
  • the cemented carbide has a maximum vanadium content of 15 atomic % or less in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase.
  • cemented carbide of the present disclosure it is possible to provide a cutting tool with a long tool life, especially when used for micromachining of printed circuit boards.
  • the cemented carbide includes a third phase consisting of third phase particles containing 10 atomic % or more of vanadium,
  • the content of the third phase of the cemented carbide is more than 0% by volume and not more than 1% by volume,
  • the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the third phase particles is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the interface region is preferably 20 atomic % or less.
  • the decrease in the interface strength between the WC particles and the Co particles due to the presence of chromium in the interface region is suppressed. Therefore, in the cemented carbide, WC particles are unlikely to fall off due to a decrease in interfacial strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • the cutting tool of the present disclosure is a cutting tool including a cutting edge made of the cemented carbide according to any one of (1) to (3) above.
  • the cutting tool of the present disclosure can have a long tool life, especially when used for micromachining of printed circuit boards.
  • the notation in the format "A to B” means the upper and lower limits of the range (i.e., from A to B), and if there is no unit described in A and a unit is described only in B, then The unit and the unit of B are the same.
  • any one numerical value stated in the lower limit and any one numerical value stated in the upper limit is also disclosed.
  • the upper limit is a2 or less, b2 or less, c2 or less, a1 or more and a2 or less, a1 or more and b2 or less, a1 or more and c2 or less, b1 or more and a2 or less, b1 or more and b2 or less, b1 or more and c2 or less, c1 or more and a2 or less, c1 or more and a2 or less, c1 or more and b2 or less, and c1 or more and c2 or less, and c1 or more and c2 or less are disclosed.
  • atomic ratio when a compound or the like is expressed by a chemical formula, unless the atomic ratio is specifically limited, it includes all conventionally known atomic ratios, and should not necessarily be limited to only those in the stoichiometric range.
  • the cemented carbide of one embodiment of the present disclosure (hereinafter also referred to as "this embodiment") is A cemented carbide comprising a first phase consisting of tungsten carbide particles and a second phase containing cobalt as a main component, The total content of the first phase and the second phase of the cemented carbide is 97% by volume or more, The average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the tungsten carbide particles is 0.8 ⁇ m or less, The cobalt content of the cemented carbide is 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, The vanadium content of the cemented carbide is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.30% by mass or less, The cemented carbide has a maximum vanadium content of 15 atomic % or less in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase.
  • cemented carbide of this embodiment it is possible to provide a cutting tool with a long tool life, especially when used for micromachining of printed circuit boards. Although the reason for this is not clear, it is presumed to be as described in (i) to (v) below.
  • the cemented carbide of this embodiment includes a first phase consisting of a plurality of tungsten carbide particles (hereinafter also referred to as "WC particles") and a second phase containing cobalt as a main component.
  • the total content of the first phase and second phase of the cemented carbide is 97% by volume or more. According to this, the cemented carbide has high hardness and strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the WC particles is 0.8 ⁇ m or less. According to this, the cemented carbide has high hardness, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance. Further, the cemented carbide has excellent strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent breakage resistance.
  • the cobalt content of the cemented carbide of this embodiment is 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less. According to this, cemented carbide has high hardness and strength. A cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • the vanadium content of the cemented carbide of this embodiment is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.30% by mass or less. According to this, the generation of coarse WC particles is suppressed, and the structure of the cemented carbide is made dense. Therefore, the cemented carbide has excellent hardness and strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • the maximum vanadium content in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase is 15 atomic % or less. According to this, the formation of a vanadium-concentrated layer in which vanadium is present in a concentrated manner is suppressed in the interface region. Therefore, a decrease in the interfacial strength between the WC particles and the second phase due to the vanadium concentrated layer is suppressed. Therefore, in the cemented carbide, WC particles are unlikely to fall off due to a decrease in interfacial strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • the cemented carbide of this embodiment includes a first phase consisting of tungsten carbide particles and a second phase containing cobalt as a main component.
  • the total content of the first phase and second phase of the cemented carbide is 97% by volume or more. According to this, the cemented carbide has high hardness and strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • the lower limit of the total content of the first phase and second phase of the cemented carbide is 97 volume % or more, preferably 98 volume % or more, and more preferably 99 volume % or more.
  • the upper limit of the total content of the first phase and second phase of the cemented carbide is preferably 100% by volume or less.
  • the total content of the first phase and second phase of the cemented carbide is preferably 97 volume% or more and 100 volume% or less, more preferably 98 volume% or more and 100 volume% or less, and even more preferably 99 volume% or more and 100 volume% or less.
  • the cemented carbide consists of a first phase and a second phase.
  • the lower limit of the content of the first phase of the cemented carbide is preferably 82 volume % or more, more preferably 85 volume % or more, and even more preferably 87 volume % or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of the first phase of the cemented carbide is less than 100 vol%, and from the viewpoint of improving breakage resistance, it is preferably 95 vol% or less, more preferably 94 vol% or less, and even more preferably 93 vol% or less. It is preferably 90% by volume or less, and even more preferably 90% by volume or less.
  • the content of the first phase of the cemented carbide is preferably 82 volume% or more and 95 volume% or less, more preferably 85 volume% or more and 93 volume% or less, and even more preferably 87 volume% or more and 90 volume% or less.
  • the lower limit of the content of the second phase of the cemented carbide is preferably 5% by volume or more, more preferably 7% by volume or more, and even more preferably 9% by volume or more.
  • the upper limit of the second phase content of the cemented carbide is preferably 18 vol% or less, more preferably 16 vol% or less, and even more preferably 14 vol% or less.
  • the content of the second phase of the cemented carbide is preferably 5 volume% or more and 18 volume% or less, more preferably 7 volume% or more and 16 volume% or less, and even more preferably 9 volume% or more and 14 volume% or less.
  • the cemented carbide of this embodiment can include a third phase consisting of third phase particles containing 10 atomic % or more of vanadium.
  • the content of the third phase of the cemented carbide is preferably more than 0% by volume and not more than 1% by volume. According to this, the decrease in breakage resistance of the cemented carbide due to the presence of the third phase is suppressed.
  • the lower limit of the content of the third phase of the cemented carbide is more than 0% by volume.
  • the upper limit of the third phase content of the cemented carbide is preferably 1% by volume or less, more preferably 0.8% by volume or less, and even more preferably 0.7% by volume or less.
  • the content of the third phase of the cemented carbide is preferably more than 0 volume% and 1 volume% or less, more preferably more than 0 volume% and 0.8 volume% or less, and 0 volume%. More preferably, it is more than 0.7% by volume.
  • the cemented carbide of this embodiment can contain unavoidable impurities in addition to the first phase, second phase, and third phase as long as the effects of the present disclosure are exhibited.
  • the unavoidable impurities include iron, molybdenum, and sulfur.
  • the content of the unavoidable impurities in the cemented carbide is preferably less than 0.1% by mass.
  • the content of the inevitable impurities in the cemented carbide is measured by ICP emission spectroscopy (measurement device: Shimadzu Corporation "ICPS-8100" (trademark)).
  • the content of each of the first phase, second phase, and third phase of the cemented carbide is measured according to the following procedures (A1) to (D1).
  • a thin sample with a thickness of 50 nm or less is cut from cemented carbide using an ion slicer or the like, and the surface of the thin sample is mirror-finished.
  • mirror finishing methods include a method of polishing with diamond paste, a method of using a focused ion beam device (FIB device), a method of using a cross section polisher device (CP device), and a method of combining these.
  • the mirror-finished surface of the thin sample was subjected to EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Tungsten (W) , cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and vanadium (V) to obtain a mapping image of each element.
  • the measurement conditions are an observation magnification of 100,000 times and an acceleration voltage of 200 kV.
  • the number of pixels for element mapping is 125 ⁇ 125.
  • Five visual fields of the elemental mapping images are prepared. The photographing regions of the elemental mapping images of the five fields of view are different from each other.
  • the imaging area can be set arbitrarily.
  • the region containing 70 atomic percent or more of tungsten is the region where the first phase exists, based on the total number of atoms of tungsten (W), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and vanadium (V). Applicable.
  • a region containing 70 atomic % or more of cobalt with respect to the total number of atoms of tungsten, cobalt, chromium, and vanadium corresponds to the region where the second phase exists.
  • the region containing vanadium at 10 atomic % or more with respect to the total number of atoms of tungsten, cobalt, chromium, and vanadium corresponds to the region where the third phase exists.
  • the vanadium concentrated layer existing in the interface area between the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase and the vanadium concentrated layer existing in the interface area between the second phases have a concentration of several atoms (for example, about 1 to 5 atoms). ), it is not detected at 100,000x magnification because it is layered with a certain thickness.
  • (D1) Calculate the average value of the area % of the first phase obtained in 5 visual fields.
  • the average value corresponds to the content (volume %) of the first phase of the cemented carbide.
  • the average value of the area % of the second phase obtained in 5 fields of view is calculated. This average value corresponds to the content rate (volume %) of the second phase of the cemented carbide.
  • the average value of the area % of the third phase obtained in 5 fields of view is calculated.
  • the average value corresponds to the content rate (volume %) of the third phase of the cemented carbide.
  • the first phase consists of tungsten carbide particles.
  • tungsten carbide particles include not only "pure WC particles (including WC containing no impurity elements and WC whose content of impurity elements is below the detection limit)" but also “pure WC particles (including WC containing no impurity elements and WC whose content of impurity elements is less than the detection limit)". It also includes "WC particles in which impurity elements are intentionally or unavoidably contained, as long as they do not damage the particles.”
  • the content of impurities in the first phase (if there are two or more elements constituting the impurities, their total concentration) is less than 0.1% by mass.
  • the content of impurity elements in the first phase is measured by ICP emission spectrometry.
  • the average equivalent circle diameter of the tungsten carbide particles (hereinafter also referred to as "average particle diameter of WC particles") is 0.8 ⁇ m or less.
  • the cemented carbide has high hardness, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance. Further, the cemented carbide has excellent strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent breakage resistance.
  • the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of tungsten carbide particles means the arithmetic mean of the number-based equivalent circle diameter of WC particles measured on a cross section of the cemented carbide.
  • the lower limit of the average particle size of the WC particles is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 0.4 ⁇ m or more.
  • the upper limit of the average particle diameter of the WC particles is 0.8 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.4 ⁇ m or less. preferable.
  • the average particle diameter of the WC particles is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 0.8 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 0.6 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of tungsten carbide particles is measured by the following procedures (A2) to (D2).
  • FIB device focused ion beam device
  • CP device cross section polisher device
  • (C2) The three backscattered electron images obtained in (B2) above were imported into a computer using image analysis software (ImageJ, version 1.51j8: https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/) and binarized. Perform processing.
  • the binarization process is executed under conditions preset in the image analysis software by pressing the "Make Binary" display on the computer screen after capturing the image.
  • the first phase and the second phase can be distinguished by color shading. For example, in an image after binarization processing, the first phase is shown as a black area, and the second phase is shown as a white area. Note that when the cemented carbide includes a third phase, the third phase is shown in the same color tone (white) as the second phase in the image after the binarization process.
  • the circle-equivalent diameter (Heywood diameter: Measure the area circle equivalent diameter).
  • the arithmetic mean value based on the number of circle-equivalent diameters of all tungsten carbide particles in the three measurement fields of view is calculated.
  • the arithmetic mean value corresponds to the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the WC particles.
  • the second phase contains cobalt as a main component.
  • the second phase is a binding phase that binds the tungsten carbide particles of the first phase.
  • a second phase containing cobalt as a main component means that in the second phase, the percentage of cobalt relative to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt is 70% by mass or more.
  • the lower limit of the percentage of cobalt relative to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt can be 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the percentage can be less than 100% by mass.
  • the percentage can be 70% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass, 80% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass, or 90% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass.
  • the second phase of the cemented carbide of the present disclosure as long as the percentage of cobalt with respect to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt is 70% by mass or more, the second phase functions as a binder phase, and the effects of the present disclosure are achieved. It has been confirmed that there is no damage to the
  • the percentage of cobalt relative to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt in the second phase can be measured by ICP emission spectrometry (equipment used: "ICPS-8100" (trademark) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
  • the second phase can include chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), carbon (C), etc.
  • the second phase can consist of cobalt and at least one member selected from the group consisting of chromium, tungsten, vanadium, iron, nickel, and carbon.
  • the second phase can include cobalt, at least one member selected from the group consisting of chromium, tungsten, vanadium, iron, nickel, and carbon, and impurities.
  • the impurities include manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), sulfur (S), titanium (Ti), and aluminum (Al). If the second phase includes vanadium, it is assumed that the vanadium content of the second phase does not exceed 5 at.%. That is, the vanadium content of the second phase can be 5 at % or less.
  • the cemented carbide of the present embodiment includes a third phase consisting of third phase particles containing 10 atomic % or more of vanadium, and the content of the third phase of the hard alloy is more than 0 vol. % and 1 vol. % or less.
  • the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the third phase particles is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less. According to this, since there are no coarse third phase particles having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 0.5 ⁇ m, which can become a starting point for breakage, the breakage resistance of a cutting tool using the cemented carbide is improved.
  • the third phase consists of third phase particles containing 10 atomic % or more of vanadium.
  • the third phase is presumed to be a fine precipitated phase of vanadium (V) derived from vanadium carbide (VC) added as a grain growth inhibitor in the manufacturing process of cemented carbide.
  • VC vanadium carbide
  • a vanadium enriched layer having a certain thickness on the order of several atoms does not correspond to the third phase.
  • third phase particles containing 10 atomic % or more of vanadium means that in the third phase particles, the percentage of vanadium with respect to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt is 10 atomic % or more. .
  • the third phase particles can include tungsten, cobalt, chromium, carbon, etc.
  • the third phase particles can be made of vanadium and at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten, cobalt, chromium, and carbon.
  • the third phase particles can include vanadium, at least one member selected from the group consisting of tungsten, cobalt, chromium, and carbon, and impurities. Examples of the impurities include iron, nickel, manganese, niobium, magnesium, calcium, molybdenum, sulfur, titanium, and aluminum.
  • the lower limit of the percentage of vanadium relative to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt is 10 atomic % or more, and can be 20 atomic % or more, or 30 atomic % or more.
  • the upper limit of the percentage can be 100 atomic % or less.
  • the percentage can be 10 atomic % or more and 100 atomic % or less, 20 atomic % or more and 100 atomic % or less, or 30 atomic % or more and 100 atomic % or less.
  • the method for measuring the percentage of vanadium relative to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt in the third phase particles is as follows.
  • an elemental mapping analysis was performed using the same procedure as (A1) to (B1) of the method for measuring the content of each of the first, second, and third phases of cemented carbide, and elemental mapping images of five fields of view were obtained. get.
  • each elemental mapping image a region containing 10 atomic % or more of vanadium is specified based on the total number of atoms of tungsten, cobalt, chromium, and vanadium. This region corresponds to third phase particles.
  • the identified third phase particles were magnified to an observation magnification of 2,000,000 times, and EDX point analysis was performed to calculate the percentage of the number of vanadium atoms (hereinafter referred to as "the percentage of the number of vanadium atoms relative to the total number of atoms of tungsten, cobalt, chromium, and vanadium" in the third phase particles).
  • Measure the vanadium content also referred to as “vanadium content of three-phase particles”
  • the measurements are carried out on five third phase particles.
  • the average value of the vanadium content of the five third phase particles is calculated.
  • the average value corresponds to the percentage of vanadium relative to the sum of tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt in the third phase particles in the present disclosure.
  • the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the third phase particles (hereinafter also referred to as "maximum value of the third phase particles”) is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the upper limit of the maximum value of the third phase particles is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.4 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or less, More preferably, it is 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the lower limit of the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the third phase particles is not particularly limited, and can be set to exceed 0 ⁇ m.
  • the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the third phase is preferably more than 0 ⁇ m and not more than 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably more than 0 ⁇ m and not more than 0.4 ⁇ m, preferably more than 0 ⁇ m and not more than 0.3 ⁇ m, more preferably more than 0 ⁇ m and not more than 0.2 ⁇ m, and 0 ⁇ m More preferably, it is more than 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the third phase particles is measured by the following steps (A3) to (B3).
  • the cobalt content of the cemented carbide of this embodiment is 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less. According to this, cemented carbide has high hardness and strength. A cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • the lower limit of the cobalt content of the cemented carbide is 3% by mass or more, preferably 4% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the cobalt content of the cemented carbide is 10% by mass or less, preferably 9% by mass or less, and more preferably 8% by mass or less.
  • the cobalt content of the cemented carbide is preferably 4% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or more and 9% by mass or less, and even more preferably 3% by mass or more and 8% by mass or less.
  • the cobalt content in the cemented carbide is measured by ICP emission spectrometry.
  • the vanadium content of the cemented carbide of this embodiment is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.30% by mass or less. According to this, the generation of coarse WC particles is suppressed, and the structure of the cemented carbide is made dense. Therefore, the cemented carbide has excellent hardness and strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • the lower limit of the vanadium content of the cemented carbide is 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.10% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the vanadium content of the cemented carbide is 0.30% by mass or less, preferably 0.20% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in interfacial strength.
  • the vanadium content of the cemented carbide is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.20% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.10% by mass or more and 0.20% by mass or less.
  • the vanadium content of the cemented carbide is measured by ICP emission spectrometry.
  • the cemented carbide of this embodiment can contain chromium (Cr).
  • the chromium content of the cemented carbide of this embodiment is preferably 0.2% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less. Chromium has the effect of inhibiting grain growth of tungsten carbide particles.
  • the chromium content of the cemented carbide is within the above range, it is possible to effectively prevent the fine tungsten carbide particles of the raw material from remaining as they are in the obtained cemented carbide, and to effectively prevent the generation of coarse grains. can be suppressed to improve tool life.
  • the lower limit of the chromium content of the cemented carbide is preferably 0.2% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the chromium content of the cemented carbide is preferably 0.8% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
  • the chromium content of the cemented carbide is preferably 0.2% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.3% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less.
  • the chromium content of the cemented carbide is measured by ICP emission spectroscopy.
  • the maximum vanadium content in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase (hereinafter also referred to as "WC/second phase interface region")
  • the value is 15 atomic % or less.
  • WC particles are unlikely to fall off due to a decrease in interfacial strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • conventional cemented carbide has a large amount of vanadium concentrated layer at the interface, which tends to reduce the interface strength.
  • a vanadium enriched layer exists in the WC/second phase interface region, the (0001) crystal plane of the WC particle and other WC particles adjacent to the (0001) crystal plane of the WC particle
  • a vanadium-concentrated layer also exists in the interface region with the WC/WC interface region (hereinafter also referred to as "WC/WC interface region").
  • the maximum vanadium content in the WC/second phase interface region is 15 atomic % or less
  • the maximum vanadium content in the WC/WC interface region is also 15 atomic % or less. This has been confirmed.
  • the maximum value of the vanadium content in the WC/second phase interface region is 15 atomic % or less
  • the maximum value of the vanadium content in the WC/WC interface region is also 15 atomic % or less, and the WC/WC interface region
  • the formation of a vanadium-enriched layer is suppressed. Therefore, a decrease in the interfacial strength between WC particles due to the vanadium concentrated layer is also suppressed.
  • the upper limit of the maximum vanadium content in the WC/second phase interface region is preferably 15 atom % or less, preferably 14 atom % or less, more preferably 13 atom % or less, even more preferably 12 atom % or less, and 11 atom %. The following are even more preferred.
  • the lower limit of the maximum vanadium content in the WC/second phase interface region is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 atomic % or more or 2 atomic % or more.
  • the maximum value of vanadium content in the WC/second phase interface region is preferably 1 atom % or more and 15 atom % or less, more preferably 1 atom % or more and 12 atom % or less, and even more preferably 2 atom % or more and 15 atom % or less. , 2 atomic % or more and 12 atomic % or less is even more preferable.
  • the maximum value of vanadium content in the WC/second phase interface region is measured by the following steps (A4) to (D4).
  • (A4) Cut a thin sample with a thickness of 50 nm or less from cemented carbide using an ion slicer or the like.
  • the surface of the thin sample is mirror-finished. Examples of mirror finishing methods include a method of polishing with diamond paste, a method of using a focused ion beam device (FIB device), a method of using a cross section polisher device (CP device), and a method of combining these.
  • FIB device focused ion beam device
  • CP device cross section polisher device
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the thin sample.
  • the measurement region R for line analysis is a rectangular region indicated by the symbol R.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the thin sample.
  • TEM transmission electron microscope
  • the interface between the (0001) crystal plane of the WC particle 1 and the second phase 2 adjacent to the (0001) crystal plane of the WC particle 1 is approximately straight, and , select a portion where the length of the substantially straight portion is 25 nm or more.
  • Line analysis is performed in the direction perpendicular to the substantially straight line portion (direction of arrow B in FIG. 1).
  • the distance of the line analysis is 20 nm from the substantially straight line portion to the WC particle side and the second phase side, respectively.
  • the width of the line analysis is 25 nm, and the step interval is 0.4 nm. Note that, as shown in FIG. 1, the measurement region R of the line analysis is set so that the third phase particles 3 are not included.
  • the maximum percentage of vanadium (atomic %) is calculated when the total number of atoms of W, Cr, V, and Co is 100 atomic %. This maximum value is defined as the maximum value of the vanadium content in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the WC particles and the second phase.
  • the maximum percentage of vanadium with respect to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium and cobalt is 15 atomic % or less. It has been confirmed that as long as there is a reduction in interfacial strength, the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase is preferably 20 atomic % or less. According to this, the formation of a chromium-enriched layer in which chromium is concentrated in the interface region is suppressed. Therefore, a decrease in the interfacial strength between the WC particles and the second phase due to the chromium-enriched layer is suppressed. Therefore, in the cemented carbide, WC particles are unlikely to fall off due to a decrease in interfacial strength, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide can have excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • a chromium enriched layer when a chromium enriched layer exists in the WC/second phase interface region, the (0001) crystal plane of the WC particle and the other WC adjacent to the (0001) crystal plane of the WC particle A chromium-enriched layer may also exist in the interface region with particles (WC/WC interface region).
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the WC/second phase interface region is 20 at% or less
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the WC/WC interface region is also 20 at% or less. This has been confirmed.
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the WC/second phase interface region is 20 atom % or less
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the WC/WC interface region is also 20 atom % or less, and the WC/WC interface region
  • the formation of a chromium-enriched layer in which chromium is present is suppressed. Therefore, a decrease in the interfacial strength between WC particles due to the chromium-concentrated layer is also suppressed.
  • the upper limit of the maximum value of the chromium content in the WC/second phase interface region is preferably 20 atom % or less, preferably 18 atom % or less, more preferably 16 atom % or less, even more preferably 15 atom % or less, and 14 atom %. The following are even more preferred.
  • the lower limit of the maximum chromium content in the WC/second phase interface region is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 atomic % or more or 2 atomic % or more.
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the WC/second phase interface region is preferably 1 atomic % or more and 20 atomic % or less, more preferably 1 atomic % or more and 15 atomic % or less, and even more preferably 2 atomic % or more and 20 atomic % or less. , more preferably 2 at % or more and 15 at % or less.
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the WC/second phase interface region is determined by the number of atoms of W, Cr, V, and Co in the methods (A4) to (D4) for measuring the vanadium content in the WC/second phase interface region. Calculate the percentage (atomic %) of chromium when the total number of atoms of W, Cr, V, and Co is 100 atomic % instead of the percentage (atomic %) of vanadium when the total number of atoms is 100 atomic %. It can be obtained by
  • the maximum percentage of chromium with respect to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium and cobalt is 20 atomic % or less. It has been confirmed that as long as there is a reduction in interfacial strength, the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
  • the cemented carbide of this embodiment typically undergoes a raw material powder preparation process, a mixing process, a molding process, a sintering process (including a preliminary sintering process and a main sintering process), a repeated heat treatment process, and a cooling process. It can be manufactured by performing the steps in the above order. Each step will be explained below.
  • the preparation step is a step of preparing all the raw material powders of the materials constituting the cemented carbide.
  • the raw material powders include tungsten carbide powder (hereinafter also referred to as "WC powder”) which is the raw material for the first phase, cobalt powder (hereinafter also referred to as “Co powder”) which is the raw material for the second phase, and a grain growth inhibitor.
  • WC powder tungsten carbide powder
  • Co powder cobalt powder
  • a grain growth inhibitor examples include vanadium carbide powder (hereinafter also referred to as "VC powder”).
  • Cr 3 C 2 powder chromium carbide powder
  • Commercially available tungsten carbide powder, cobalt powder, vanadium carbide powder, and chromium carbide powder can be used.
  • the average particle size of the tungsten carbide powder can be 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the WC powder preferably has a ratio d20/d80 of its 20% cumulative volume particle diameter d20 to its 80% cumulative volume particle diameter d80 of 0.2 or more and 1 or less.
  • Such WC powder has a uniform particle size and has a small content of fine WC particles. Therefore, when a cemented carbide is produced using the WC powder, the generation of coarse WC particles due to dissolution and reprecipitation is suppressed in the sintering process.
  • the above-mentioned "20% cumulative volume particle diameter d20" means the cumulative 20% particle diameter from the small diameter side in the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution of crystal grains.
  • the above-mentioned "80% cumulative volume particle diameter d80" means the cumulative 80% particle diameter from the small diameter side in the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution of crystal grains.
  • the average particle size of the cobalt powder can be 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average particle size of the vanadium carbide powder can be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the VC powder can be sufficiently diffused into the mixed powder in the subsequent preliminary sintering step.
  • the average particle size of the chromium carbide powder can be 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average particle size of the above-mentioned raw material powder means the average particle size measured by the FSSS (Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer) method.
  • the average particle size is measured using a "Sub-Sieve Sizer Model 95" (trademark) manufactured by Fisher Scientific.
  • the particle size distribution of the above-mentioned WC powder is measured using a particle size distribution measuring device manufactured by Microtrac (trade name: MT3300EX).
  • the mixing step is a step of mixing the raw material powders prepared in the preparation step. Through the mixing step, a mixed powder in which each raw material powder is mixed is obtained.
  • the content of each raw material powder in the mixed powder is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the content of each component such as the first phase, second phase, and third phase of the cemented carbide.
  • the content of tungsten carbide powder in the mixed powder can be, for example, 88.85% by mass or more and 99.83% by mass or less.
  • the content of cobalt powder in the mixed powder can be, for example, 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
  • the content of vanadium carbide powder in the mixed powder can be, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 0.37% by mass or less.
  • the content of the chromium carbide powder in the mixed powder can be, for example, 0.20% by mass or more and 0.92% by mass or less.
  • a ball mill is used for mixing.
  • the mixing time can be 15 hours or more and 36 hours or less. According to this, pulverization of the raw material powder can be suppressed, and the VC powder can be sufficiently dispersed in the mixed powder while maintaining the particle size of the raw material powder.
  • the mixed powder may be granulated if necessary.
  • the mixed powder By granulating the mixed powder, it is easy to fill the mixed powder into a die or mold during the forming process described later.
  • a known granulation method can be applied to the granulation, and for example, a commercially available granulation machine such as a spray dryer can be used.
  • the molding step is a step of molding the mixed powder obtained in the mixing step into a predetermined shape to obtain a molded body.
  • the molding method and molding conditions in the molding step are not particularly limited as long as they may be general methods and conditions.
  • Examples of the predetermined shape include a cutting tool shape (for example, the shape of a small diameter drill).
  • the sintering process includes a preliminary sintering process and a main sintering process.
  • the compact is held at a sintering temperature of 800 to 1000° C. for 2 hours.
  • the atmosphere is vacuum.
  • a sintering temperature of 800 to 1000° C. is a temperature range in which WC grain growth does not occur.
  • the VC in the mixed powder can be diffused throughout the cobalt.
  • VC exhibits a uniform grain growth suppressing effect throughout the cemented carbide, and the generation of coarse WC particles is suppressed.
  • the main sintering process is performed.
  • the compact after the preliminary sintering step is held at a sintering temperature of 1350 to 1450° C. for 1 to 2 hours in an argon (Ar) atmosphere to obtain a cemented carbide.
  • a sintering temperature of 1350 to 1450° C. for 1 to 2 hours in an argon (Ar) atmosphere to obtain a cemented carbide.
  • Ar argon
  • vanadium By performing the preliminary sintering step and the main sintering step, vanadium can be sufficiently dissolved in cobalt.
  • the cemented carbide obtained in the sintering process is rapidly cooled. It is rapidly cooled from the temperature in the main sintering step to 1100° C. at which VC precipitates as a solid phase at a cooling rate of ⁇ 60° C./min or higher, and held at 1100° C. for 30 minutes. Such rapid cooling suppresses the movement of vanadium dissolved in cobalt, which tends to occur during cooling.
  • the vanadium content in the interface region between WC particles and the second phase (WC/second phase interface region) or the interface region between WC particles (WC/WC interface region) are uniformly formed.
  • a large region corresponding to a "vanadium concentrated layer” and/or a fine VC precipitate phase (hereinafter also referred to as "VC fine precipitate phase") are uniformly formed.
  • the process of rapidly cooling the cemented carbide to 1100°C at a cooling rate of -60°C/min or higher and holding it at 1100°C for 30 minutes will also be referred to as a "quenching process".
  • the cemented carbide is heated to 1250°C and held at 1250°C for 10 to 20 minutes.
  • the holding time By setting the holding time at 1250° C. to 20 minutes or less, vanadium in the vanadium concentrated layer having a large surface area can be preferentially dissolved in cobalt.
  • solid solution of vanadium in the VC fine precipitated phase into cobalt is suppressed, and at least a part of the VC fine precipitated phase can remain in the alloy.
  • the process of heating the cemented carbide to 1250°C and holding it at 1250°C for 10 to 20 minutes will also be referred to as a "heat treatment process.”
  • the cemented carbide is rapidly cooled to 1100°C at a cooling rate of -60°C/min or higher, and held at 1100°C for 30 minutes (corresponding to the rapid cooling process).
  • This suppresses the movement of vanadium dissolved in cobalt in the heat treatment step. Therefore, a vanadium concentrated layer and/or a VC fine precipitated phase are uniformly formed in the cemented carbide.
  • the above quenching step and heat treatment step are alternately repeated two or more times.
  • the maximum value of the vanadium concentration in the WC/second phase interface region and the vanadium concentrated layer present in the WC/WC interface region is finally reduced. That is, the vanadium content in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles of the cemented carbide and the second phase, and the vanadium content in the (0001) crystal plane of the WC particle and the (0001) of the WC particle.
  • the vanadium content in the interface region with the WC grains adjacent to the crystal plane is reduced.
  • the cemented carbide contains VC particles, the VC particles are fine and uniformly dispersed in the cemented carbide.
  • the cooling conditions are not particularly limited and may be general conditions.
  • a cemented carbide According to the above method for manufacturing a cemented carbide, abnormal grain growth of WC particles is suppressed, so a cemented carbide that does not contain coarse WC particles and has a reduced vanadium content in the interface region can be obtained. It will be done.
  • the cemented carbide has excellent wear resistance and breakage resistance.
  • the cutting tool of this embodiment includes a cutting edge made of the cemented carbide of Embodiment 1.
  • the cutting edge means a part involved in cutting, and in cemented carbide, the distance between the cutting edge ridgeline and the perpendicular line of the tangent to the cutting edge ridgeline from the cutting edge ridgeline to the cemented carbide side is 2 mm. It means an area surrounded by a certain virtual surface.
  • the cutting tool examples include a cutting tool, a drill, an end mill, an indexable cutting tip for milling, an indexable cutting tip for turning, a metal saw, a gear cutting tool, a reamer, or a tap.
  • the cutting tool 10 of this embodiment can exhibit excellent effects when used as a small-diameter drill for processing printed circuit boards.
  • the cutting edge 11 of the cutting tool 10 shown in FIG. 2 is made of the cemented carbide of the first embodiment.
  • the cemented carbide of this embodiment may constitute the entirety of these tools, or may constitute a part thereof.
  • "constituting a part” refers to a mode in which the cemented carbide of this embodiment is brazed to a predetermined position of an arbitrary base material to form a cutting edge part.
  • the cutting tool according to this embodiment may further include a hard film that covers at least a portion of the surface of the base material made of cemented carbide.
  • a hard film for example, diamond-like carbon or diamond can be used.
  • the total content of the first phase and second phase of the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is preferably 97% by volume or more and 100% by volume or less.
  • the content of the first phase of the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is preferably 82 volume % or more and 95 volume % or less.
  • the content of the second phase in the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is preferably 5% by volume or more and 18% by volume or less.
  • the content of the third phase in the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is preferably more than 0 volume % and 0.8 volume % or less.
  • the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the tungsten carbide particles is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 0.8 ⁇ m or less. In the cemented carbide of the present disclosure, the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the tungsten carbide particles is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
  • the percentage of cobalt relative to the total of tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt is preferably 70% by mass or more.
  • the cobalt content of the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is preferably 4% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
  • the small Alto content of the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is preferably 3% by mass or more and 9% by mass or less.
  • the chromium content of the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is preferably 0.2% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less.
  • the chromium content of the cemented carbide of the present disclosure is preferably 0.3% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less.
  • the maximum vanadium content in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase is preferably 1 atomic % or more and 15 atomic % or less.
  • the maximum vanadium content in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase is preferably 1 atomic % or more and 12 atomic % or less.
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase is preferably 1 atomic % or more and 20 atomic % or less.
  • the maximum value of the chromium content in the interface region between the (0001) crystal plane of the tungsten carbide particles and the second phase is preferably 1 atomic % or more and 15 atomic % or less.
  • cemented carbide alloys of Samples 1 to 12 and Samples 1-1 to 1-10 were produced by changing the blending ratio of raw material powders and manufacturing conditions. A small-diameter drill with a cutting edge made of the cemented carbide was manufactured and evaluated.
  • ⁇ Preparation of sample> A powder having the composition shown in the "mixed powder" column of Table 1 was prepared as a raw material powder.
  • the average particle size of the WC powder is 0.4 ⁇ m, and d20/d80 is 0.3 or more.
  • the average particle size of the Co powder is 1 ⁇ m
  • the average particle size of the VC powder is 0.3 ⁇ m
  • the average particle size of the Cr 3 C 2 powder is 1 ⁇ m.
  • WC powder, Co powder, Cr 3 C 2 powder and VC powder are commercially available products.
  • the compact after the preliminary sintering step was held in an Ar atmosphere at the temperature listed in the "temperature” column of "main sintering" in Table 1 for 1 hour to obtain a cemented carbide.
  • the cemented carbide was rapidly cooled to 1100°C at a cooling rate of -60°C/min or higher, and held at 1100°C for 30 minutes.
  • the cemented carbide was heated to 1250°C and held at 1250°C for 20 minutes.
  • FIG. 3 is a view from the tip side of the small diameter drill produced in this example.
  • the width of the wear mark means the width L1 of the wear mark W at a location at a distance of 0.08 mm from the drill center C, as shown in FIG.
  • the results are shown in the "Cutting test wear resistance ( ⁇ m)" column of Table 2. In this example, when the width of the wear mark is 22 ⁇ m or less, the wear resistance is determined to be good, and when the width of the wear mark is 20 ⁇ m or less, the wear resistance is determined to be better.
  • the drilling conditions were a rotation speed of 100 krpm and a feed rate of 3.6 m/min.
  • a maximum of 5000 holes were drilled and the number of holes punched until breakage was measured.
  • the results are shown in the "Breakage resistance of cutting test (times)" column of Table 2.
  • a result of 5000 times means that no breakage occurred after 5000 holes were punched. In this example, if the number of holes to be punched before breakage is 3000 times or more, it is determined that the breakage resistance is good, and if the number of holes to be drilled is 5000 times, it is determined that the breakage resistance is better.
  • the cemented carbide and cutting tools of Samples 1-1 to 1-10 correspond to comparative examples. It was confirmed that these samples had insufficient wear resistance and/or breakage resistance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un carbure cémenté qui comprend : une première phase comprenant des particules de carbure de tungstène ; et une seconde phase comprenant du cobalt en tant que constituant principal. La teneur totale de la première phase et de la seconde phase dans le carbure cémenté est d'au moins 97 % en volume, la valeur moyenne des diamètres équivalents à un cercle des particules de carbure de tungstène est de 0,8 µm au plus, la teneur en cobalt du carbure cémenté est de 3 à 10 % en masse, la teneur en vanadium du carbure cémenté est de 0,01 à 0,30 % en masse, et la valeur maximale de la teneur en vanadium dans une région d'interface entre la seconde phase et les plans cristallins (0001) des particules de carbure de tungstène est de 15 % atomique au plus.
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