WO2023221329A1 - 加热膜、电池模组、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

加热膜、电池模组、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023221329A1
WO2023221329A1 PCT/CN2022/115452 CN2022115452W WO2023221329A1 WO 2023221329 A1 WO2023221329 A1 WO 2023221329A1 CN 2022115452 W CN2022115452 W CN 2022115452W WO 2023221329 A1 WO2023221329 A1 WO 2023221329A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulating film
film
heating
battery
heating film
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PCT/CN2022/115452
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩丰胜
王勇
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023221329A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023221329A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, and in particular to a heating film, a battery module, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to their development.
  • this application provides a heating film, battery module, battery and electrical device, aiming to improve the heating efficiency of the heating film.
  • the application provides a heating film, including a first insulating film, a second insulating film and a heating element.
  • the second insulating film is located on one side of the first insulating film in its thickness direction, and the heating element is disposed on the first insulating film. between an insulating film and a second insulating film.
  • at least one of the first insulating film and the second insulating film includes a ceramic insulating film, and an installation portion for installing the heating film is also configured on the heating film.
  • At least one of the first insulating film and the second insulating film of the heating film includes a ceramic insulating film.
  • the high temperature resistance of each insulating film is improved.
  • the heating temperature of the heating element can be increased.
  • the heating efficiency of the heating film is significantly improved.
  • the heating film is installed on the object to be heated (such as a battery cell) through the mounting part, so that the heating film is in contact with the object to be heated, so that the heat generated by the heating film can be conducted to the object to be heated, thereby realizing heating of the object to be heated. .
  • the ceramic insulating film includes at least one of an aluminum nitride ceramic film, a zinc oxide ceramic film, and a boron nitride ceramic film. At this time, the ceramic insulating film includes at least one of an aluminum nitride ceramic film, a zinc oxide ceramic film, and a boron nitride ceramic film.
  • the ceramic insulating film has higher temperature resistance, higher thermal conductivity, and lower thermal expansion. The system can improve the heating efficiency of the heating film in many aspects, and the heating efficiency of the heating film has been significantly improved.
  • both the first insulating film and the second insulating film are the same ceramic insulating film.
  • the first insulating film and the second insulating film are the same ceramic insulating film, the first insulating film and the second insulating film can be produced based on the same process, and the production cost of the heating film is reduced.
  • the side of the second insulating film away from the first insulating film in the thickness direction is the mounting side
  • the mounting part includes an adhesive layer
  • the adhesive layer covers the mounting side.
  • the second insulating film and the heated object are bonded using a back adhesive layer.
  • the second insulating film can make large-area contact with the heated object through the adhesive layer, which ensures the heat conduction effect of the heating film and improves the heating efficiency of the heating film.
  • the mounting part further includes a mounting hole that simultaneously penetrates the mounting holes of the first insulating film and the second insulating film.
  • the mounting part includes a mounting hole, and the heating film can be fixedly connected to the heated body through fasteners. This can prevent the heating film from being separated from the heated body due to thermal expansion and contraction, and the connection between the heating film and the heated body is reliable.
  • the mounting holes are arranged at edges of the heating film. Since the heating element is generally arranged in the middle part of the heating film, the mounting holes are arranged at the edge of the heating film to avoid damage to the heating element. At the same time, usually the middle position of the heating film corresponds to the middle position of a battery cell or a battery module composed of multiple battery cells. If the heating film and the battery cell or battery module are tightly connected here, it is easy to damage the battery. Single unit or battery module causes damage.
  • a stress relief groove is formed on at least one of the first insulation film and the second insulation film, and the stress relief groove is recessed along the thickness direction.
  • the heating element generates heat or stops generating heat
  • the first insulating film and the second insulating film gradually expand or contract.
  • the arrangement of the stress relief groove can release the stress generated by the first insulating film and the second insulating film during the expansion or contraction process. Avoid damage to the first insulating film and the second insulating film.
  • the stress relief grooves on the first insulating film and/or the second insulating film each include a plurality of stress relief grooves, and all the stress relief grooves are arranged at intervals. At this time, the stress generated everywhere in the first insulating film and the second insulating film can be released, and the structures of the first insulating film and the second insulating film are more stable.
  • both the first insulating film and the second insulating film extend along a predetermined direction, and the predetermined direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction.
  • the heating film is in a strip shape, which can cover a long area and achieve simultaneous heating of multiple battery cells.
  • the heating film further includes a conductor and a connection terminal.
  • the conductor is electrically connected to the heating element, and partially extends outside the range of the first insulating film and the second insulating film, and is electrically connected to the connection terminal. At this time, the connection terminal between the heating element and the power supply component is realized.
  • the present application provides a battery module.
  • the battery module includes a frame, a plurality of battery cells arranged in the frame, and the heating film in the above embodiment.
  • the heating film is installed on the frame.
  • the present application provides a battery, including a battery cell and the heating film in the above embodiment, and the heating film is used to heat the battery cell.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heating film in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating film in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the application of the heating film in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of point B in Figure 7.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the battery cannot be charged or discharged in low temperature environment. In order to meet the needs of the battery operating at low temperatures, the battery needs to be heated. Heating film heating battery is a more efficient way of heating.
  • heating films mostly use polyimide films as insulating films to achieve electrical insulation.
  • the heating film is used to heat the battery, if the heating temperature exceeds 110°C, the polyimide film will carbonize and the insulation voltage resistance of the entire heating film will be affected. Therefore, the heating temperature generally cannot exceed 110°C, resulting in low heating efficiency.
  • the inventor of the present application found that the temperature resistance of the insulating film can be improved in design. For example, adding temperature-resistant particles (such as ceramic particles) to improve temperature resistance into polyimide materials or using materials with better temperature resistance to prepare insulating films. However, if temperature-resistant particles are added to the polyimide material, the preparation of the insulation film is complicated, the production cost of the heating film is high, and the temperature resistance of the insulation film is not significantly improved.
  • temperature-resistant particles such as ceramic particles
  • the insulation film includes a ceramic insulation film.
  • the ceramic material has excellent insulation and high temperature resistance.
  • the composition of the insulation film is relatively simple, the preparation is relatively simple, and the cost of the heating film is low.
  • the temperature resistance of the insulation film is significantly improved, which can greatly improve the heating efficiency of the heating film.
  • the heating film disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is used to heat a heated object.
  • the heated object may be a frame containing multiple battery cells in the battery module.
  • the heating film is installed on the frame.
  • Battery modules usually include battery cell monitoring and management devices (CSC, Circuit Supervision Control), battery module thermal management systems, etc.
  • the battery cell monitoring and management device is used to monitor and manage each battery cell within the frame.
  • the battery module thermal management system includes a liquid cooling system for cooling the frame and a heating system for heating the frame (as in the embodiment of this application) heating film provided).
  • a battery with a module can be formed by placing the battery module in a box.
  • the heating film disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a battery with a module.
  • the heating film disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to a module-less battery (CTP, Cell To Pack).
  • CTP Cell To Pack
  • the multiple battery cells contained in the box do not need to be accommodated in the frame structure, but are placed directly in the box.
  • the heating film can be directly installed on the battery cell to directly heat the battery cell.
  • both modular batteries and module-less batteries can also include battery-level liquid cooling systems and battery management systems (BMS, BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM), etc. It is understandable that the heated object heated by the heating film can also be other components that need to be heated.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • an electric device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application is used as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 , and the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the box 10 is used to provide an accommodation space for the battery cells 20, and the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a space for accommodating the battery cells 20 of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure.
  • the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a receiving space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 is covered with the open side of the second part 12.
  • the box 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be accommodated in the box 10 ; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20
  • the battery modules are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that constitutes the battery.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cover 21 , a housing 22 , a cell assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cap 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the case 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the end cap 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the end cap 21 is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and collision, so that the battery cell 20 can have higher durability. Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the end cap 21 may be provided with functional components such as electrode terminals 21a.
  • the electrode terminal 21a can be used to electrically connect with the battery cell assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cap 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the end cap 21 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulating member may also be provided inside the end cover 21 , and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cover 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the housing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cover 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the battery core assembly 23 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the end cover 21 may be independent components, and an opening may be provided on the housing 22.
  • the end cover 21 covers the opening at the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the housing. When it is necessary to encapsulate the inside of the housing 22 At this time, the end cover 21 covers the housing 22 again.
  • the housing 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery core assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 may be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 20 that undergoes electrochemical reactions.
  • One or more battery core assemblies 23 may be contained within the housing 22 .
  • the battery core assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that contain active material constitute the main body of the cell assembly, and the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that do not contain active material each constitute the tabs.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively located at both ends of the main body. During the charging and discharging process of the battery, the positive active material and negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • the present application provides a heating film 30, which includes a first insulating film 31, a second insulating film 32 and a heating element 33.
  • the second insulating film 32 is located on the first insulating film.
  • the heating element 33 is provided between the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 .
  • at least one of the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 includes a ceramic insulating film.
  • the heating film 30 is also provided with a mounting portion 34 for mounting the heating film 30 .
  • the heating element 33 is disposed between the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 and is electrically isolated from the outside world via the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 .
  • the heating element 33 is a component that can generate heat. Its structure can be a heating wire, a heating plate, a heating plate, a heating rod, a heating sheet, etc. Its specific type can be a resistive heating element 33, an infrared heating element 33, or an electromagnetic heating element. 33 etc.
  • the specific structure of the heating element 33 is not limited here, as long as it can provide heat.
  • the manner in which the heating element 33 is disposed between the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 may be, but is not limited to: the heating element 33 is deposited on the first insulating film 31 or the second insulating film 32, and the heating element 33 is sandwiched between Between the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32, a part of the heating element 33 is embedded in the first insulating film 31 and a part is embedded in the second insulating film 32.
  • the heating element 33 is embedded in the first insulating film 31 or the second insulating film. 32 sides facing each other and so on. That is to say, the heating element 33 may be provided between the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 by, but is not limited to, deposition, embedding, interposition, etc.
  • the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 can be fixed by adhesion, fastening, snapping, etc., so that the heating film 30 forms a whole.
  • the heating element 33 is in contact with both the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 .
  • additional fasteners 38 such as rivets, screws, etc. are passed between the heating element 33 and the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 .
  • the fixed connection is not limited here, as long as the position of the heating element 33 can be ensured to be stable.
  • Ceramic insulation film refers to a film-like structure made of ceramic materials, which has good insulation and high temperature resistance. Ceramic insulation films can be prepared based on tape casting technology, vacuum thermal evaporation technology, DC sputtering technology, radio frequency sputtering technology, molecular beam epitaxy technology, spray pyrolysis technology, chemical vapor deposition technology, metal organic vapor deposition technology, etc. The specific preparation method will not be described in detail here.
  • At least one of the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 includes a ceramic insulating film, including the following situations: both are ceramic insulating films, one of the two is a ceramic insulating film, or at least one of the two is a ceramic insulating film. It is a composite film, which includes a ceramic insulating film and other insulating film layers (such as a polyimide film doped with ceramic particles).
  • the installation part 34 installs the heating film 30 on the heated object through clamping, screwing, adhesion, etc., and its specific form is not limited.
  • the above-mentioned heating film 30, because at least one of the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 includes a ceramic insulating film, the high temperature resistance of each insulating film is improved. In this case, the heating temperature of the heating element 33 can be increased to speed up the heating film 30. The heating of the heating film 30 significantly improves the heating efficiency of the heating film 30 .
  • the heating film 30 is installed on the object to be heated (such as the battery cell 20) through the mounting part 34, so that the heating film 30 is in contact with the object to be heated, so that the heat generated by the heating film 30 can be conducted to the object to be heated. body to achieve heating of the heated body.
  • the ceramic insulating film includes at least one of an aluminum nitride ceramic film, a zinc oxide ceramic film, and a boron nitride ceramic film.
  • Aluminum nitride ceramic film, zinc oxide ceramic film, and boron nitride ceramic film have a high melting point (about 1000°C), which is much higher than the melting point of polyimide film (about 334°C), which greatly provides heating Temperature resistance of membrane 30.
  • Aluminum nitride ceramic membrane, zinc oxide ceramic membrane, and boron nitride ceramic membrane have good thermal conductivities (the three are 4.0W/m ⁇ K, 3.2W/m ⁇ K, and 7.51W/m ⁇ K respectively) , much higher than the thermal conductivity of the polyimide film (0.1 ⁇ 0.5W/m ⁇ K).
  • the higher the thermal conductivity the higher the efficiency of the heat generated by the heating element 33 being conducted to the battery cell 20. Heating the film The higher the heat utilization rate of 30, the higher the heating efficiency.
  • Aluminum nitride ceramic membranes, zinc oxide ceramic membranes, and boron nitride ceramic membranes also have lower thermal expansion coefficients (the three are 4.0 ⁇ 10 -6 K, 3.2 ⁇ 10 -6 K, and 7.51 ⁇ 10 -6 K respectively) , much lower than the thermal expansion coefficient of the polyimide film (20 ⁇ 30 Heating efficiency of 30%.
  • the ceramic insulating film may be an aluminum nitride ceramic film, a zinc oxide ceramic film or a boron nitride ceramic film, or it may be a composite film formed by at least two of the aluminum nitride ceramic film, zinc oxide ceramic film or boron nitride ceramic film. , the specifics are not limited.
  • the ceramic insulating film includes at least one of an aluminum nitride ceramic film, a zinc oxide ceramic film, and a boron nitride ceramic film.
  • the ceramic insulating film has higher temperature resistance, higher thermal conductivity, and lower thermal expansion. The system can improve the heating efficiency of the heating film 30 from many aspects, and the heating efficiency of the heating film 30 is significantly improved.
  • both the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 are the same ceramic insulating film.
  • the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 may both be aluminum nitride ceramic films, the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 may both be zinc oxide ceramic films, or the first insulating film 31 may be a zinc oxide ceramic film.
  • the film 31 and the second insulating film 32 are both boron nitride ceramic films, or the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 are made of at least one of an aluminum nitride ceramic film, a zinc oxide ceramic film, or a boron nitride ceramic film.
  • the ceramic insulating film can also be other materials such as alumina ceramic film, aluminum nitride ceramic film, silicon oxide ceramic film, etc.
  • the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 are the same ceramic insulating film, the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 can be produced based on the same process, and the production cost of the heating film 30 is reduced.
  • the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 may be different ceramic insulating films.
  • the side of the second insulating film 32 away from the first insulating film 31 in the thickness direction is the mounting side.
  • the mounting part 34 includes an adhesive layer 341 , and the adhesive layer 341 covers the mounting surface. side.
  • the adhesive layer 341 refers to a structure capable of bonding the second insulating film 32 and the heated object, and is formed of an adhesive material.
  • the adhesive material can be polyvinyl alcohol adhesive material, acrylic adhesive material, etc. There are many types of adhesive materials, and commercially available products can be used directly, and are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the application method of the adhesive layer 341 can be to apply the adhesive material on the installation side and then cover it with a release film. When in use, the covered release film is torn off and pasted on the heated body.
  • the application method of the adhesive layer 341 can also be to directly use commercially available double-sided tape, peel off the release film on one side of the double-sided tape and then bond it to the installation side. When the heating film 30 is to be installed, tear off the release film on the other side. Release film and stick it on the heated object.
  • the second insulating film 32 and the heated object are bonded by the adhesive layer 341.
  • the second insulating film 32 can make large-area contact with the heated object through the adhesive layer 341, thereby ensuring the heat conduction effect of the heating film 30.
  • the heating efficiency of the heating film 30 is improved.
  • the mounting part 34 further includes a mounting hole 342 , and the mounting hole 342 simultaneously penetrates the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 .
  • the heated body is provided with a connection hole corresponding to the mounting hole 342.
  • the heating film 30 can be fixedly connected to the heated object through the fasteners 38 passing through the mounting holes 342 and the connection holes.
  • the fasteners 38 may be screws, bolts, rivets, pins, latches, etc., and are not specifically limited.
  • the mounting part 34 includes a mounting hole 342, and the heating film 30 can be fixedly connected to the heated object through the fastener 38, which can prevent the heating film 30 from being separated from the heated object due to thermal expansion and contraction, and the heating film 30 is connected to the heated object.
  • the body connection is reliable.
  • the mounting holes 342 are arranged at the edges of the heating film 30 .
  • the heating element 33 is arranged in the middle part of the heating film 30.
  • the mounting hole 342 is arranged at the edge of the heating film 30, which can avoid damage to the heating element 33.
  • the middle position of the heating film 30 corresponds to the middle position of the battery cell 20 or the battery module composed of a plurality of battery cells 20. If the heating film 30 is fastened to the battery cell 20 or the battery module here, group, it is easy to cause damage to the battery cell 20 or the battery module.
  • a stress relief groove 35 is formed on at least one of the first insulation film 31 and the second insulation film 32 , and the stress relief groove 35 is recessed along the thickness direction.
  • the stress relief groove 35 on the first insulating film 31 may be provided through or not, and the stress relief groove 35 on the second insulating film 32 may be provided through or not.
  • the cross section of the stress relief groove 35 may be circular, strip-shaped, square, etc., and is not specifically limited.
  • the heating element 33 When the heating element 33 generates heat or stops generating heat, the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 gradually expand or contract.
  • the arrangement of the stress relief groove 35 can release the expansion or contraction of the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 .
  • the stress generated during the process prevents the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 from being damaged.
  • the first insulating film 31 and/or the second insulating film 32 each include a plurality of stress relief grooves 35 , and all the stress relief grooves 35 are arranged at intervals.
  • the plurality of stress relief grooves 35 on the first insulating film 31 are arranged at intervals, and the plurality of stress relief grooves 35 on the second insulating film 32 are arranged at intervals.
  • the spacing arrangement directions may be in the same direction or in different directions, which is not limited here.
  • a plurality of stress relief grooves 35 are provided on both the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 to release the stress generated in various parts of the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32.
  • the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 are The structure of the second insulating film 32 is more stable.
  • both the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 extend along the preset direction F, and the preset direction F is perpendicular to the thickness direction.
  • the heating film 30 is in a strip shape and can cover a long area to achieve simultaneous heating of multiple battery cells 20 .
  • the heating film 30 also includes a wire 36 and a connection terminal 37 , the wire 36 is electrically connected to the heating element 33 , and partially extends to the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 is outside the range and is electrically connected to the connection terminal 37.
  • the connection terminal 37 electrically connects the heating element 33 to the high-voltage terminal of the battery module through the low-voltage wiring harness of the battery module to provide power to the heating element 33 . That is to say, the wire 36 and the connection terminal 37 realize the connection between the heating element 33 and the power supply component.
  • the heating film 30 includes a first insulating film 31 , a second insulating film 32 and a heating element 33 .
  • the heating element 33 is disposed between the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 .
  • the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 are both ceramic insulating films.
  • a back glue layer 341 is provided on the side of the second insulating film 32 away from the first insulating film 31 .
  • the heating film 30 also includes a mounting hole 342 penetrating the first insulating film 31 and the second insulating film 32 .
  • the heating film 30 is installed through the adhesive layer 341 and the mounting holes 342 .
  • the present application also provides a battery module.
  • the battery module includes a frame (not shown), a plurality of battery cells 20 arranged in the frame, and the heating film 30 in the above embodiment.
  • the heating film 30 Mounted on frame.
  • the battery cells 20 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed. Each battery cell 20 is combined to form a high-voltage output port.
  • the battery module also includes a low-voltage wire harness. The low-voltage wire harness is electrically connected to the high-voltage output port and the heating film 30 and supplies power to the heating film 30 .
  • the battery module is heated by using the above-mentioned heating film 30. Because the heating film 30 has high heating efficiency, the battery module can quickly heat up in a low-temperature environment, and its low-temperature performance is good.
  • some embodiments of the present application also provide a battery 100, which includes a battery cell 20 and the heating film 30 in the above embodiment.
  • the heating film 30 is used to heat the battery cell 20.
  • multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery structure without a module.
  • the heating film 30 can directly contact the battery cells 20 .
  • multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed and then accommodated in a frame to form a battery module to form a battery structure with a module.
  • the heating film 30 is installed on the frame and heats the battery cells through the frame. 20.
  • the battery 100 includes the heating film 30 in the above embodiment, the battery 100 can quickly heat up at low temperature through the high-efficiency heating of the heating film 30, and has good low-temperature performance.
  • some embodiments of the present application also provide an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery 100.
  • the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy. It includes all the above-mentioned beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种加热膜(30)、电池模组、电池(100)及用电装置，加热膜(30)包括第一绝缘膜(31)、第二绝缘膜(32)和发热体(33)，第二绝缘膜(32)位于第一绝缘膜(31)在自身厚度方向上的一侧，发热体(33)设置于第一绝缘膜(31)和第二绝缘膜(32)之间。其中，第一绝缘膜(31)和第二绝缘膜(32)中至少一者包括陶瓷绝缘膜,加热膜(30)上还构造有用于安装加热膜(30)的安装部(34)。

Description

加热膜、电池模组、电池及用电装置
交叉引用
本申请引用于2022年05月18日递交的名称为“加热膜、电池模组、电池及用电装置”的第2022211845321号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池制造技术领域，特别是涉及一种加热膜、电池模组、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在低温环境下，电动车辆在启动时，需要等待较长时间以对电池进行加热升温。传统的做法是通过加热膜对电池进行预热。现有的加热膜存在加热效果率不高的问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种加热膜、电池模组、电池及用电装置，旨在提供加热膜的加热效率。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种加热膜，包括第一绝缘膜、第二绝缘膜和发热体，第二绝缘膜位于第一绝缘膜在自身厚度方向上的一侧，发热体设置于第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜之间。其中，第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜中至少一者包括陶瓷绝缘膜,加热膜上还构造有用于安装加热膜的安装部。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，加热膜的第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜中至少一者包括陶瓷绝缘膜，各绝缘膜的耐高温性得到提高，此时可以通过提高发热体的加热温度来加快加热膜的加热，使得加热膜的加热效率提升明显。其次，通过安装部将加热膜安装于被加热体(如电池单体)上，使加热膜与被加热体接触，进而使加热膜产生的热量可以传导至被加热体，实现被加热体的加热。
在一些实施例中，陶瓷绝缘膜包括氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜、氮化硼陶瓷膜中的至少一者。此时，陶瓷绝缘膜包括氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜、氮化硼陶瓷膜中的至少一者，陶瓷绝缘膜具备较高的耐温性、较高的热导率和较低热膨胀系统，能够从多方面提高加热膜的加热效率，加热膜的加热效率提升显著。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜均为同一陶瓷绝缘膜。当第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜为同一陶瓷绝缘膜时，第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜可以基于相同工艺生产，加热膜生产成本降低。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘膜在厚度方向上背离第一绝缘膜的一侧为安装侧，安装部包括背胶层，背胶层覆设于安装侧。利用背胶层粘接第二绝缘膜和被加热体，第二绝缘膜通过背胶层可以与被加热体进行大面积的接触，可保证加热膜的热传导效果，提高加热膜的加热效率。
在一些实施例中，安装部还包括安装孔，安装孔同时贯通第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜的安装孔。此时，安装部包括安装孔，加热膜可以通过紧固件固定连接在被加热体上，可以避免加热膜因热胀冷缩而脱离被加热体，加热膜与被加热体的连接可靠。
在一些实施例中，安装孔布置于加热膜的边缘位置。由于发热体一般布置在加热膜的中间部分，此时安装孔布置在加热膜的边缘位置，可以避免损坏发热体。同时，通常加热膜的中间位置对应于电池单体或由多个电池单体组成的电池模组的中部位置，若在此处紧固连接加热膜与电池单体或电池模组，容易对电池单体或电池模组造成破坏。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜中至少一者上构造形成有应力释放槽，应力释放槽沿厚度方向凹陷设置。在发热体发热或停止发热时，第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜逐渐膨胀或逐渐收缩，应力释放槽的设置能够释放第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜在膨胀或收缩过程中产生的应力，避免第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜损坏。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘膜和/或第二绝缘膜上的应力释放槽均包括多个，全部应力释放槽间隔排布。此时可以对第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜各处产生的应力进行释放，第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜结构更加稳定。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘膜与第二绝缘膜均沿预设方向延伸设置，预设方向与厚度方向垂直。此时加热膜呈条状，能够覆盖较长区域，实现对多个电池单体的同时加热。
在一些实施例中，加热膜还包括导线和连接端子，导线与发热体电连接，且部分延伸至第一绝缘膜和第二绝缘膜的范围之外、并与连接端子电连接。此时，和连接端子实现了发热体与供电部件的连接。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池模组，电池模组包括框架、设于框架内的多个电池单体及上述实施例中的加热膜，加热膜安装于框架上。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括电池单体及上述实施例中的加热膜，加热膜用于加热电池单体。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，其包括上述实施例中的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可 依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一实施例中的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例中的电池的分解示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例中的电池单体的分解示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例中的加热膜的内部结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例中的加热膜的结构示意图；
图6为图5中A处的放大图；
图7为本申请一实施例中的加热膜的应用示意图；
图8为图7中B处的放大图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1000、车辆；100、电池；200、控制器；300、马达；10、箱体；11、第一部分；12、第二部分；20、电池单体；21、端盖；21a、电极端子；22、壳体；23、电芯组件；30、加热膜；31、第一绝缘膜；32、第二绝缘膜；33、发热体；34、安装部；341、背胶层；342、安装孔；35、应力释放槽；F、预设方向；36、导线；37、连接端子；38、紧固件；40、被加热体。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
电池在低温环境时无法进行充放电。为满足电池在低温下运行需要对电池加热升温。加热膜加热电池是一种加热效率较高的方式。
本申请发明人注意到，传统的加热膜多为采用聚酰亚胺膜作为绝缘膜以实现电气绝缘。加热膜为电池加热时，若加热温度超过110℃，聚酰亚胺膜会碳化导致整个加热膜的绝缘耐压性受到影响，因此其加热温度一般不能超过110℃，造成其加热效率不高。
为了提高加热膜的加热效率，本申请发明人研究发现，可以在设计上为提高绝缘膜的耐温性。例如，在聚酰亚胺材料内增加提高耐温性的耐温粒子(如陶瓷粒子)或者采用耐温更好的材料类制备绝缘膜。然而，若在聚酰亚胺材料增加耐温粒子，绝缘膜制备复杂、加热膜的生产成本较高，且绝缘膜耐温性能提高不明显。
基于以上考虑，为了提高加热膜的加热效率，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种加热膜，其绝缘膜包括陶瓷绝缘膜，陶瓷材料绝缘性和耐高温性均较优。利用陶瓷制备加热膜的绝缘膜，绝缘膜成分较为单一、制备较为简单，且加热膜成本较低，绝缘膜耐温性能显著提高，可大大提高加热膜的加热效率。
本申请实施例公开的加热膜用于对被加热体进行加热。被加热体可以是电池模组中容纳有多个电池单体的框架，加热膜安装于框架上，加热膜安装框架时间接加热电池单体。电池模组通常包括电池单体监控与管理装置(CSC，Circuit Supervision Control)、电池模组热管理系统等。电池单体监控与管理装置用于监控和管理框架内的各电池单体，电池模组热管理系统包括对框架进行降温的液冷系统和对框架进行升温的加热系统(如本申请实施例中提供的加热膜)。
将电池模组置于箱体中可以形成有模组的电池，本申请实施例公开的加热膜可以应用于有模组的电池。
本申请实施例公开的加热膜还可以应用于无模组的电池(CTP，Cell To Pack)。无模组的电池中，其箱体内包含的多个电池单体无需容纳于框架结构中，而是直接置于箱体内。此时加热膜可以直接安装在电池单体上，对电池单体进行直接加热。
当然，有模组的电池和无模组的电池(CTP，Cell To Pack)均还可以包括电池层面的液冷系统和电池管理系统(BMS，BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)等。可理解地，被加热膜加热的被加热体还可以是其他需要加热的部件。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一 部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模组形式，多个电池模组再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有端盖21、壳体22、电芯组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖21上可以设置有如电极端子21a等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电芯组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时， 再使端盖21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电芯组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电芯组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电芯组件23。电芯组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或膜叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4，本申请提供了一种加热膜30，包括第一绝缘膜31、第二绝缘膜32和发热体33，第二绝缘膜32位于第一绝缘膜31在自身厚度方向上的一侧，发热体33设置于第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32之间。其中，第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32中至少一者包括陶瓷绝缘膜。加热膜30上还构造有用于安装加热膜30的安装部34。
发热体33设置在第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32之间，并经由第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32实现与外界的电气隔离。发热体33是能够产生热量的部件，其构造可以是发热丝、发热盘、发热板、发热棒、发热片等，其具体类型可以是电阻式发热体33、红外发热体33、电磁式发热体33等。发热体33的具体构造在此不限定，只要能够提供热量即可。
发热体33设置在第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32之间的方式可以但不限于是：发热体33沉积于第一绝缘膜31或第二绝缘膜32上、发热体33夹持在第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32之间、发热体33的一部分嵌入第一绝缘膜31且一部分嵌入第二绝缘膜32、发热体33嵌设在第一绝缘膜31或第二绝缘膜32面对彼此的一侧等。也就是说，发热体33可以但不限于通过沉积、嵌设、夹设等方式设置在第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32之间。
第一绝缘膜31与第二绝缘膜32两者可以通过粘接、紧固连接、卡接等方式固定，以使得加热膜30形成一个整体。发热体33与第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32均是接触的，至于其与第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32之间是否额外通过紧固件38(如铆钉、螺钉)等固定连接，在此不限定，只要能够保证发热体33位置稳定即可。
陶瓷绝缘膜是指由陶瓷材料制备而成的膜状结构，其具备较好的绝缘性和耐高温性。陶瓷绝缘膜可以基于流延技术、真空热蒸发技术、直流溅射技术、射频溅射技术、分子束外延技术、喷雾热解技术、化学气相沉积技术、金属有机气相沉积技术等制备而得，其具体制备方法在此不进行详述描述。
第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32中至少一者包括陶瓷绝缘膜，包括以下情况：两者均 为陶瓷绝缘膜、两者中的一者为陶瓷绝缘膜、两者中的至少一者为复合膜，复合膜包括陶瓷绝缘膜及其他绝缘膜层(如掺杂有陶瓷粒子的聚酰亚胺膜)。
安装部34通过卡接、螺接、粘接等方式将加热膜30安装在被加热体上，其具体形式不限定。
上述加热膜30，因其第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32中至少一者包括陶瓷绝缘膜，各绝缘膜的耐高温性得到提高，此时可以通过提高发热体33的加热温度来加快加热膜30的加热，使得加热膜30的加热效率提升明显。其次，此时，通过安装部34将加热膜30安装于被加热体(如电池单体20)上，使加热膜30与被加热体接触，进而使加热膜30产生的热量可以传导至被加热体，实现被加热体的加热。
在一些实施例中，陶瓷绝缘膜包括氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜、氮化硼陶瓷膜中的至少一者。
氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜、和氮化硼陶瓷膜具备较高的熔点(大约为1000℃)，远高于聚酰亚胺膜的熔点(大约为334℃)，大大提供了加热膜30的耐温性能。
氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜、和氮化硼陶瓷膜具备较好的热导率(三者分别是4.0W/m·K、3.2W/m·K、7.51W/m·K)，远高于聚酰亚胺膜的热导率(0.1～0.5W/m·K)，热导率越高发热体33所产生的热量被传导至电池单体20的效率越高，加热膜30的热量利用率越高，加热效率越高。
氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜、和氮化硼陶瓷膜还具备较低的热膨胀系数(三者分别是4.0×10 -6K、3.2×10 -6K、7.51×10 -6K)，远低于聚酰亚胺膜的热膨胀系数(20～30X10 -6K)，热膨胀系数越小，加热膜30受热形变越小，与电池单体20的接触更好，有助于提高加热膜30的加热效率。
陶瓷绝缘膜可以为氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜或氮化硼陶瓷膜，也可以是氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜或氮化硼陶瓷膜中至少两者所形成的复合膜，具体不限定。
此时，陶瓷绝缘膜包括氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜、氮化硼陶瓷膜中的至少一者，陶瓷绝缘膜具备较高的耐温性、较高的热导率和较低热膨胀系统，能够从多方面提高加热膜30的加热效率，加热膜30的加热效率提升显著。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32均为同一陶瓷绝缘膜。
具体可以是，第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32均为氮化铝陶瓷膜，也可以是第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32均为氧化锌陶瓷膜、也可以是第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32均为氮化硼陶瓷膜，又或者第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32为同一由氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜或氮化硼陶瓷膜中至少两者复合而成的复合膜。当然，陶瓷绝缘膜也可以是其他诸如氧化铝陶瓷膜、氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化硅陶瓷膜等。
当第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32为同一陶瓷绝缘膜时，第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘 膜32可以基于相同工艺生产，加热膜30生产成本降低。
当然，在其他实施例中，第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32可以为不同的陶瓷绝缘膜。
在一些实施例中，请参照图4，第二绝缘膜32在厚度方向上背离第一绝缘膜31的一侧为安装侧，安装部34包括背胶层341，背胶层341覆设于安装侧。
背胶层341是指能够粘接第二绝缘膜32和被加热体的结构，由胶粘材料形成。胶粘材料可以是聚乙烯醇类胶粘材料、丙烯酸类胶粘材料等，胶粘材料种类繁多，可以直接使用市售产品，在本申请中不进行具体限定。
背胶层341的应用方式可以将粘胶材料涂覆在安装侧后覆离型膜，在使用时将覆设的离型膜撕掉粘贴在被加热体上。背胶层341的应用方式也可以是直接采用市售的双面胶，将双面胶的一侧离型膜撕掉后粘接在安装侧，待安装加热膜30时撕掉另一侧的离型膜并粘贴在被加热体上。
此时，利用背胶层341粘接第二绝缘膜32和被加热体，第二绝缘膜32通过背胶层341可以与被加热体进行大面积的接触，可保证加热膜30的热传导效果，提高加热膜30的加热效率。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5和图6，安装部34还包括安装孔342，安装孔342同时贯通第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32。
在被加热体上设置有与安装孔342对应的连接孔。在实际安装时，加热膜30可以通过紧固件38穿设安装孔342和连接孔实现加热膜30与被加热体的固定连接。紧固件38可以是螺钉、螺栓、铆钉、销钉、插销等，具体不限定。
此时，安装部34包括安装孔342，加热膜30可以通过紧固件38固定连接在被加热体上，可以避免加热膜30因热胀冷缩而脱离被加热体，加热膜30与被加热体的连接可靠。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5和图6，安装孔342布置于加热膜30的边缘位置。一般地，发热体33布置在加热膜30的中间部分，此时安装孔342布置在加热膜30的边缘位置，可以避免损坏发热体33。同时，通常加热膜30的中间位置对应于电池单体20或由多个电池单体20组成的电池模组的中部位置，若在此处紧固连接加热膜30与电池单体20或电池模组，容易对电池单体20或电池模组造成破坏。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5至图7，第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32中至少一者上构造形成有应力释放槽35，应力释放槽35沿厚度方向凹陷设置。
第一绝缘膜31上的应力释放槽35可以贯通或不贯通设置，第二绝缘膜32上的应力释放槽35可以贯通或不贯通设置。应力释放槽35的截面可以是圆形、条形、方形等等，具体不限定。
在发热体33发热或停止发热时，第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32逐渐膨胀或逐渐收缩，应力释放槽35的设置能够释放第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32在膨胀或收缩过程中产生 的应力，避免第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32损坏。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5和图7，第一绝缘膜31和/或第二绝缘膜32上的应力释放槽35均包括多个，全部应力释放槽35间隔排布。
第一绝缘膜31上的多个应力释放槽35间隔排布，第二绝缘膜32上的多个应力释放槽35。间隔排布方向可以沿同一方向，也可沿不同方向，在此不限定。
在第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32上均设置多个应力释放槽35，可以对第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32各处产生的应力进行释放，第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32结构更加稳定。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5和图7，第一绝缘膜31与第二绝缘膜32均沿预设方向F延伸设置，预设方向F与厚度方向垂直。此时加热膜30呈条状，能够覆盖较长区域，实现对多个电池单体20的同时加热。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5和图7，加热膜30还包括导线36和连接端子37，导线36与发热体33电连接，且部分延伸至第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32的范围之外、并与连接端子37电连接。连接端子37通过电池模组的低压线束将发热体33与电池模组的高压端电连接，以向发热体33供电。也就是说，导线36和连接端子37实现了发热体33与供电部件的连接。
在本申请的一具体实施例中，请参照图4至图7，加热膜30包括第一绝缘膜31、第二绝缘膜32和发热体33，发热体33设置在第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32之间，第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32均为陶瓷绝缘膜。第二绝缘膜32背离第一绝缘膜31的一侧设置有背胶层341。加热膜30还包括贯通第一绝缘膜31和第二绝缘膜32的安装孔342。加热膜30通过背胶层341和安装孔342实现自身的安装。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种电池模组，电池模组包括框架(未图示)、设于框架内的多个电池单体20及上述实施例中的加热膜30，加热膜30安装于框架上。各电池单体20之间可以串联、并联或混联。各电池单体20汇流形成一高压输出端口，电池模组还包括低压线束，低压线束电连接高压输出端口和加热膜30，并向加热膜30供电。
该电池模组通过采取上述加热膜30实现加热，因加热膜30加热效率高，在低温环境下电池模组可以快速升温，其低温使用性能好。
另一方面，本申请一些实施例还提供了一种电池100，包括电池单体20及上述实施例中的加热膜30，加热膜30用于加热电池单体20。
其中，可以是多个电池单体20串联、并联或混联形成无模组的电池结构，此时加热膜30可以直接接触电池单体20。还可以是多个电池单体20串联、并联或混联后容纳于框架中形成电池模组从而形成有模组的电池结构，此时加热膜30安装在框架上，并通过框架加热电池单体20。
上述电池100因包括上述实施例中的加热膜30，通过加热膜30的高效率加热其在低温下能够快速升温，其低温使用性能好。
另一方面，本申请一些实施例中还提供了一种用电装置，包括上述电池100，电池100用于提供电能。其包括上述所有有益效果，在此不赘述。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种加热膜，包括：
    第一绝缘膜；
    第二绝缘膜，位于所述第一绝缘膜在自身厚度方向上的一侧；及
    发热体，设置于在所述第一绝缘膜和所述第二绝缘膜之间；
    其中，所述第一绝缘膜和所述第二绝缘膜中至少一者包括陶瓷绝缘膜；所述加热膜上还构造有用于安装所述加热膜的安装部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的加热膜，其中，所述陶瓷绝缘膜包括氮化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锌陶瓷膜、氮化硼陶瓷膜中的至少一者。
  3. 根据权利要求1至2任一项所述的加热膜，其中，所述第一绝缘膜和所述第二绝缘膜均为同一所述陶瓷绝缘膜。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的加热膜，其中，所述第二绝缘膜在所述厚度方向上背离所述第一绝缘膜的一侧为安装侧；
    所述安装部包括背胶层，所述背胶层覆设于所述安装侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的加热膜，其中，所述安装部还包括安装孔，所述安装孔同时贯通所述第一绝缘膜和所述第二绝缘膜。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的加热膜，其中，所述安装孔布置于所述加热膜的边缘位置。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的加热膜，其中，所述第一绝缘膜和所述第二绝缘膜中至少一者上构造形成有应力释放槽，所述应力释放槽沿所述厚度方向凹陷设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的加热膜，其中，所述第一绝缘膜和/或所述第二绝缘膜上的所述应力释放槽均包括多个，全部所述应力释放槽间隔排布。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的加热膜，其中，所述第一绝缘膜与所述第二绝缘膜均沿预设方向延伸设置，所述预设方向与所述厚度方向垂直。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的加热膜，其中，所述加热膜还包括导线和连接端子，所述导线与所述发热体电连接，且部分延伸至所述第一绝缘膜和所述第二绝缘膜的范围之外、并与所述连接端子电连接。
  11. 一种电池模组，其中，包括框架、设于所述框架内的电池单体及权利要求1至10中任一项所述的加热膜，所述加热膜安装于所述框架外。
  12. 一种电池，包括电池单体及如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的加热膜，所述加热膜用于加热所述电池单体。
  13. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求12所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/115452 2022-05-18 2022-08-29 加热膜、电池模组、电池及用电装置 WO2023221329A1 (zh)

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