WO2023151494A1 - 一种加热组件、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

一种加热组件、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023151494A1
WO2023151494A1 PCT/CN2023/074097 CN2023074097W WO2023151494A1 WO 2023151494 A1 WO2023151494 A1 WO 2023151494A1 CN 2023074097 W CN2023074097 W CN 2023074097W WO 2023151494 A1 WO2023151494 A1 WO 2023151494A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crack
heating
battery
battery cell
heating sheet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/074097
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李兴星
陈智明
黄小腾
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023151494A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023151494A1/zh
Priority to US18/672,354 priority Critical patent/US20240313292A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a heating assembly, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the power battery needs to be heated during use.
  • a heating film with a resistance wire is usually used in the prior art.
  • the heating film with resistance wire is pasted on the surface of the power battery to be heated. This method can realize the heating of the power battery without affecting the energy density of the power battery.
  • the power battery may expand as its temperature rises. The expansion will cause the heating film attached on the surface of the power battery to fail, so that the heating effect cannot be achieved.
  • the present application provides a heating assembly, which includes a heating sheet attached to the surface of the battery cell. Cracks, each group of crack-stopping parts is connected between the cracks; the cracks in each group of pre-cracking parts can be broken under the expansion force of the battery cell, and promote the heating enclosed between the cracks
  • the sheet forms a crack that deforms synchronously with the battery cell.
  • the heating sheet under the action of the expansion force of the battery cell, the heating sheet can break along the crack and deform simultaneously with the battery cell, avoiding the degumming and separation of the heating sheet and the battery cell, thereby increasing the contact between the heating sheet and the battery cell.
  • the slit can control the breakage of the heating sheet along the preset path, and the crack stop part can prevent the slit from continuing to break and cause the heating sheet to be completely disconnected, thereby avoiding the risk of failure to heat due to the disconnection of the heating element in the heating sheet, and improving The safety performance of the heating plate.
  • the opening slit is configured to bend along a continuous path, and the crack relief is connected to both ends of the opening slit.
  • the opening crack and the crack arresting part cooperate with each other, so that the crack opening breaks along its preset path, and the crack opening is connected to the heating plate through the crack stopping part.
  • each group of pre-cracking parts includes a crack arresting line and a crack arresting hole arranged in the shape of a solid line.
  • Crack holes are set at the first and last ends of the crack, and crack arrest lines are connected between the first and last ends of the crack holes.
  • the crack arresting hole and the crack arresting line can block the fracture path of the crack, so as to ensure that the crack does not separate from the heating plate, and ensure the normal conduction and heat generation of the heating plate.
  • the opening slit is configured as two sub-slits, and the two sub-slits are opposite and arranged at intervals; each sub-slit extends along the first direction and includes a first end disposed on the edge of the heating sheet and a second end away from the edge of the heating sheet. ends, and the crack relief part is connected between the second ends of the two sub-slits.
  • the fracture starts from the edge of the heating sheet, which can reduce the expansion force required for the fracture of the crack, so that the heating sheet and the battery cell are more closely combined.
  • each group of pre-cracking parts includes a crack arresting line and a crack arresting hole arranged in the shape of a solid line.
  • a crack relief hole is arranged at the second end of each sub-slit, and a crack relief line is connected between two adjacent crack relief holes.
  • the crack arresting hole and the crack arresting line can block the fracture path of each sub-slit, so as to ensure that the cracked part does not separate from the heating sheet, and ensure the normal conduction and heating of the heating sheet.
  • the slits are configured as dashed lines.
  • the slits are arranged in a dotted line shape, so that the slits can be broken smoothly under the action of the expansion force of the battery cells.
  • the heating component includes a protective film, and the protective film is covered on one side surface of the heating sheet along the thickness direction of the heating sheet.
  • the protective film can not only protect the heating sheet, but also realize the heating of the battery module by the heating sheet.
  • the viscosity of the pellicle is less than or equal to 1 N/cm.
  • the protective film can protect the heating plate during the production process and prevent the surface of the heating plate from being worn.
  • the heating sheet is attached to the battery cell and heats the battery cell, if the heating sheet deforms along with the battery cell, the protective film can be separated from the heating sheet due to its low viscosity due to the expansion force. , so as not to affect the deformation of the heating sheet with the expansion of the battery cell.
  • the protective film includes one or more materials selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and polypropylene.
  • the present application provides a battery, including a box body, a battery cell disposed in the box body, and the heating assembly as described above, and the heating assembly is arranged in contact with the surface of the battery cell.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including an electrical main body and the above-mentioned battery.
  • the heating sheet is attached to the surface of the battery cell to heat it.
  • the crack can be broken under the action of the expansion force of the battery cell, so that the heating The sheet deforms synchronously with the battery cell to prevent the heating sheet from detaching from the battery cell, thereby improving the heating effect of the heating sheet on the battery cell Rate.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating assembly in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating chip in one of the embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating plate in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of place A in Fig. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective film in an embodiment of the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the power battery needs to be heated during use, so it is necessary to set up a corresponding thermal management structure to heat it.
  • people require power batteries to have higher energy density and smaller volume.
  • a heating film with a resistance wire is usually used to realize the heating of the power battery.
  • the heating film provided with the resistance wire inside is pasted on the surface of the power battery to be heated by adhesive glue, and the resistance wire is energized to generate heat to heat the power battery.
  • This method can not only increase the energy density of the power battery, but also achieve the purpose of heating the power battery.
  • expansion may occur and cause deformation.
  • the heating film may also break due to the deformation of the power battery.
  • the heating film When the heating film is separated from the power battery, it will not only cause heating failure, but also because the heating film is not in contact with the heat-conducting medium, Empty burning is prone to occur, causing thermal runaway. When the heating film breaks, it may cause a short circuit, which will make the power battery unusable.
  • the applicant found that by designing the cracking part and the crack stop part on the heating sheet, the heating sheet can break under the action of the expansion force of the power battery and deform synchronously with the power battery, avoiding the gap between the heating film and the power battery. Degumming occurs, thereby effectively improving the bonding strength between the heating sheet and the power battery.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 housed in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 11 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define an accommodation space ;
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 11 is covered by the opening side of the second part 12 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20 First connect in series or in parallel or in combination to form a battery module, and then connect multiple battery modules in series or in parallel or in combination It is formed as a whole and accommodated in the box body 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting a battery.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cover 21 , a casing 22 , a cell assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cap 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the end cap 21 can be made of a material (such as aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cap 21 is not easy to deform when being squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals 21 a may be provided on the end cap 21 .
  • the electrode terminal 21 a can be used for electrical connection with the battery cell assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cover 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the end cap 21 can also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the end cover 21 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cover 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the casing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the cell assembly 23 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the end cover 21 can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the housing 22 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 can be formed by making the end cover 21 cover the opening at the opening.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When the inside of the housing 22 needs to be encapsulated , then make the end cover 21 cover the housing 22.
  • the housing 22 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery core assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the cell assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 100 where the electrochemical reaction occurs.
  • One or more cell assemblies 23 may be contained in the casing 22 .
  • the cell assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and usually a separator is provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the part of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitutes the main body of the cell assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute tabs.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively. During the charge and discharge process of the battery, the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the heating assembly in an embodiment of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a heating assembly 30 , including a heating sheet 31 attached to the surface of the battery cell 20 .
  • the heating chip 31 is provided with At least one set of pre-cracking parts 311 and at least one set of cracking parts 312 , each group of pre-cracking parts 311 includes cracks 3111 , and each group of cracking parts 312 is connected between the cracks 3111 .
  • the slits 3111 in each set of pre-slits 311 can break under the expansion force of the battery cells 20 , and prompt the heating sheet 31 enclosed between the slits 3111 to form cracks that deform synchronously with the battery cells 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the battery 100 may also be in the form of a plurality of battery cells 20 connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole.
  • the heating plate 31 is made of polyimide film as the outer insulator, and metal foil or metal wire as the inner conductive heating element, which is heat-bonded at high temperature and high pressure.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 need to be arranged in a row to form a battery module.
  • the heating plate 31 is pasted on the surface of the battery module through the double-sided adhesive tape, and the opening 3111 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the connection gap between two adjacent battery cells 20 . Therefore, the heating sheet 31 needs to be made into a shape matching the side profile of the battery module, that is, a long strip, so as to facilitate the bonding of the heating sheet 31 and the battery module.
  • the heating elements inside the heating sheet 31 are energized to generate heat to heat the battery cells 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 will expand and cause surface expansion and deformation.
  • the crack 3111 breaks along its own extension path.
  • the crack stop part 312 can prevent the crack part from continuing to break, thereby avoiding the complete disconnection of the heating sheet 31, so that the heating element inside the heating chip 31 can walk along the unbroken part. Wire to ensure the safe heat conduction of the heating element as a whole.
  • the heating sheet 31 can deform synchronously with the battery cell 20, avoiding the degumming and separation of the heating sheet 31 and the battery cell 20, thereby increasing the distance between the heating sheet 31 and the battery cell 20.
  • the slit 3111 can control the breakage of the heating sheet 31 along the preset path, and the crack stop part 312 can prevent the slit 3111 from continuing to break and cause the heating sheet 31 to be completely disconnected, thereby preventing the heating element in the heating sheet 31 from breaking and causing The risk of being unable to heat can improve the safety performance of the heating sheet 31.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating chip in one embodiment of the present application.
  • the opening slit 3111 is configured to bend and extend along a continuous path, and the crack stopper 312 is connected to both ends of the opening slit 3111 .
  • the first and last ends of the slit 3111 are located on the same side of the heating sheet 31 .
  • the opening slit 3111 includes one that is arranged continuously, and connects the crack-stopping portion 312 to the first and last ends of the opening slit 3111 .
  • the crack 3111 breaks along its extending direction, and the crack stop part 312 can ensure that the cracking part does not separate from the heating sheet 31 . More specifically, as shown in FIG. 5 , the opening slit 3111 and the crack stop 312 can jointly form a rectangle, wherein the crack stop 312 is configured as the length of one side of the rectangle, and the crack 3111 is configured as the length of one side of the rectangle. The lengths of the remaining three sides of the rectangle.
  • the crack 3111 cooperates with the crack stop part 312 to make the crack 3111 break along its preset path, and the crack 3111 is connected to the heating chip 31 through the crack stop part 312, which ensures the normal operation of the heating chip 31 Next, the deformability of the heating sheet 31 is improved.
  • each set of pre-cracking parts 311 includes a crack arresting line 312a and a crack arresting hole 312b arranged in a solid line.
  • the anti-crack holes 312b are arranged at both ends of the crack 3111, and the anti-crack lines 312a are connected between the anti-crack holes 312b at the two ends.
  • the crack arrest line 312 a is a virtual solid line connected between two adjacent crack arrest holes 312 b , which is a part of the heating plate 31 .
  • the anti-crack hole 312b and the anti-crack line 312a can block the fracture path of the crack 3111, so as to ensure that the cracked part does not separate from the heating sheet 31, and ensure the normal conduction and heating of the heating sheet 31.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating plate in another embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of A in FIG. 3 .
  • the opening slit 3111 is configured as two sub-slits 3111a, and the two sub-slits 3111a are opposite and arranged at intervals.
  • Each sub-slit 3111a extends along the first direction a and includes a first end disposed on the edge of the heating plate 31 and a second end away from the edge of the heating plate 31 .
  • the crack-stopping portion 312 is connected between the second ends of the two sub-slits 3111a.
  • the first direction a is the width direction of the heating sheet 31
  • the two sub-slits 3111 a are arranged parallel to each other.
  • the first end of each sub-slit 3111 a extends to the edge of the heating sheet 31 .
  • each sub-slit 3111a breaks from the first end, and breaks and extends upward along the first direction a until it breaks to the second end, where it is stopped by the crack stopper 312 .
  • Breaking starts from the edge of the heating sheet 31 , which can reduce the expansion force required when the crack 3111 breaks, so that the heating sheet 31 and the battery cell 20 are combined more closely.
  • each set of pre-cracking parts 311 includes a crack arresting line 312a and a crack arresting hole 312b arranged in a solid line.
  • the crack relief hole 312b is disposed at the second end of each sub-slit 3111a, and the crack relief line 312a is connected between two adjacent crack relief holes 312b.
  • the crack arrest line 312 a is a virtual solid line connected between two adjacent crack arrest holes 312 b , which is a part of the heating plate 31 .
  • the anti-crack hole 312b and the anti-crack line 312a can block the fracture path of each sub-slit 3111a, so as to ensure that the cracked part does not separate from the heating sheet 31 and ensure the normal conduction and heating of the heating sheet 31.
  • the crack relief hole 312b is configured as a U-shaped hole structure opening toward the sub-slit 3111a.
  • the crack prevention hole 312b can prevent the breaking path of the sub-slit 3111a, thereby preventing the cracked part from detaching from the heating sheet 31 .
  • the crack relief hole 312b can also be configured as other similar structures, such as a round hole connected to the sub-slit 3111a, which can also achieve the above purpose, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the opening slits 3111 are configured as dotted lines.
  • the opening slit 3111 is a linear structure formed by a plurality of dotted-line holes arranged at intervals, so that the opening slit 3111 can break smoothly under the action of the expansion force of the battery cell 20 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective film in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the heating assembly 30 includes a protective film 32 , and the protective film 32 covers one side surface of the heating sheet 31 along the thickness direction of the heating sheet 31 .
  • the heating sheet 31 includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other along its thickness direction, the protective film 32 is covered on the first surface, and the second surface of the heating sheet 31 is attached to the side of the battery module. In this way, the heating sheet 31 can be protected, and the heating sheet 31 can heat the battery module.
  • the protective film 32 can protect the heating chip 31 and improve the safety performance of the heating chip 31 .
  • the viscosity of the protective film 32 is less than or equal to 1 N/cm.
  • the protective film 32 is a low-viscosity insulating film.
  • the protection film 32 can protect the heating plate 31 during the production process, and prevent the surface of the heating plate 31 from being worn.
  • the protective film 32 can withstand the expansion force due to its low viscosity. Under action, it is separated from the heating sheet 31 , so as not to affect the deformation of the heating sheet 31 with the expansion of the battery cell 20 .
  • the protective film 32 includes one or more materials selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and polypropylene. Understandably, in some other embodiments, the protective film 32 may also be made of similar materials, which will not be repeated here.
  • the outer contour of the protective film 32 corresponds to the outer contour of the heating sheet 31 , so as to facilitate lamination and overlapping of the two.
  • a first connection hole 321 and a second connection hole 322 are formed on the protective film 32 along its length direction, and a third connection hole 313 and a fourth connection hole 314 are formed on the heating plate 31 along its length direction.
  • the first connecting hole 321 corresponds to the third connecting hole 313 along the thickness direction of the heating chip 31
  • the second connecting hole 322 corresponds to the fourth connecting hole 314 along the thickness direction of the heating chip 31 .
  • first connecting hole 321 and the third connecting hole 313 are both configured as waist-shaped holes
  • second connecting hole 322 and the fourth connecting hole 314 are both configured as circular holes. Therefore, the waist-shaped hole can provide a connection error in the length direction of the heating plate 31 or the protective film 32 , so as to adjust the alignment of the heating plate 31 and the protective film 32 .
  • the present application provides a battery 100, including a box body 10, a battery cell 20 disposed in the box body 10, and the above-mentioned heating assembly 30, wherein the heating assembly 30 is arranged in contact with on the surface of the battery cell 20 .
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including an electrical main body and the above-mentioned battery 100 .
  • the protective film 32 is first aligned with the heating sheet 31, and pasted on the side of the battery module by double-sided adhesive tape, and then fixed by rivets.
  • the heating sheet 31 is energized to generate heat to heat the battery module.
  • Each battery cell 20 in the battery module expands and deforms as the temperature rises.
  • the heating sheet 31 deforms following the battery cells 20 , and the protective film 32 is peeled off from the heating sheet 31 during the deformation process.
  • the crack 3111 on the heating plate 31 breaks continuously along its extending direction until reaching the crack relief hole 312b.
  • the heating sheet 31 deforms synchronously with the battery cells 20, and Continue to heat it.
  • the heating assembly 30, the battery 100 and the electrical device in the above embodiments have at least the following advantages:
  • the crack stop part 312 can prevent the crack 3111 from continuing to break along its extending direction, thereby preventing the crack part from completely detaching from the heating chip 31 and ensuring the integrity of the heating chip 31;
  • the protective film 32 is set as a low-viscosity insulating film, which can not only protect the heating plate 31 during the production process, prevent the heating plate 31 from being worn out and fail, but also prevent the heating plate 31 from deforming with the battery cell 20. Peel off from the heating sheet 31, so as not to affect the simultaneous deformation of the heating sheet 31 and the battery cell 20;
  • Both the first connection hole 321 and the third connection hole 313 are configured as waist-shaped holes, which can provide a connection error in the length direction, so as to adjust the alignment between the heating plate 31 and the protective film 32 .

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种加热组件、电池以及用电装置，加热片(31)贴设于电池单体(20)表面对其进行加热，当电池单体(20)受热膨胀时，开裂缝(3111)能够在电池单体(20)的膨胀力作用下断裂，从而使加热片(31)随电池单体(20)同步产生形变，避免加热片(31)与电池单体(20)脱离，由此，能够提高加热片(31)对电池单体(20)的加热效率。

Description

一种加热组件、电池以及用电装置
交叉引用
本申请引用于2022年02月10日递交的名称为“一种加热组件、电池以及用电装置”的第202220272370.0号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种加热组件、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
动力电池在使用过程中需要加热，为了实现动力电池的加热需求，现有技术中通常使用带电阻丝的加热膜。将带电阻丝的加热膜贴设于动力电池需要加热的表面，该方法即可实现动力电池的加热，又不会影响动力电池的能量密度。
然而，在加热过程中，动力电池随着自身温度的升高，可能产生膨胀现象。膨胀将导致贴设于动力电池表面上的加热膜失效，从而无法达到加热效果。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对动力电池加热膨胀时易导致加热膜失效的问题，提供一种加热组件、电池以及用电装置。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种加热组件，包括贴设于电池单体表面的加热片，加热片上设置有至少一组预开裂部及至少一组止裂部，每组预开裂部包括开裂缝，每组所述止裂部连接于所述开裂缝之间；每组预开裂部中的开裂缝能够在电池单体的膨胀力作用下断裂，并促使围合于开裂缝之间的加热片形成随电池单体同步形变的开裂部。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，在电池单体的膨胀力作用下，加热片能够沿开裂缝断裂并跟随电池单体同步发生形变，避免加热片与电池单体脱胶分离，从而增加加热片与电池单体之间的连接牢固度。此外，开裂缝能够控制加热片沿预设路径发生断裂，止裂部能够阻止开裂缝持续断裂而导致加热片完全断开，从而避免加热片内的发热件断开而引起无法加热的风险，提高加热片的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，开裂缝被构造为沿连续路径弯折延伸，止裂部连接于开裂缝的首尾两端。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，开裂缝与止裂部相互配合，使开裂缝沿其预设路径断裂，并且开裂缝通过止裂部与加热片连接，在确保加热片正常工作的前提下，提高加热片的形变能力。
在一些实施例中，每组预开裂部中止裂部包括呈实线状设置的止裂线和止裂孔。止裂孔设置于开裂缝的首尾两端，止裂线连接于首尾两端的止裂孔之间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，止裂孔与止裂线能够阻断开裂缝的断裂路径，从而确保开裂部不脱离加热片，保证加热片的正常导电发热。
在一些实施例中，开裂缝被构造为两条子缝，两条子缝相对且间隔设置；每条子缝沿第一方向延伸且包括设置于加热片边缘的第一端及远离加热片边缘的第二端，止裂部连接于两条子缝的第二端之间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，从加热片的边缘开始断裂，能够减小开裂缝发生断裂时所需的膨胀力，从而使加热片与电池单体结合更加紧密。
在一些实施例中，每组预开裂部中止裂部包括呈实线状设置的止裂线和止裂孔。止裂孔设置于每条子缝的第二端，止裂线连接于相邻两个止裂孔之间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，止裂孔与止裂线能够阻断每条子缝的断裂路径，从而确保开裂部不脱离加热片，保证加热片的正常导电发热。
在一些实施例中，开裂缝被构造为虚线状设置。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，开裂缝被构造为虚线状设置，以便于开裂缝在电池单体膨胀力的作用下，能够顺利断裂。
在一些实施例中，加热组件包括防护膜，防护膜沿加热片的厚度方向覆设于加热片的一侧表面上。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，防护膜既能对加热片进行保护，又能实现加热片对电池模块的加热。
在一些实施例中，防护膜的粘度小于或等于1N/cm。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，防护膜在生产过程中能够对加热片起到保护作用，避免加热片表面受到磨损。而当加热片贴设于电池单体上并对电池单体进行加热时，若加热片随着电池单体产生形变，防护膜由于其低粘度的特性，能够在膨胀力作用下与加热片脱离，从而不影响加热片随电池单体膨胀形变。
在一些实施例中，防护膜包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯中的一种或多种材料。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电池，包括箱体、设于箱体内的电池单体以及如上所述的加热组件，所述加热组件接触设置于所述电池单体表面。
第三方面，本申请提供一种用电装置，包括用电主体及如上所述的电池。
上述的加热组件、电池以及用电装置，加热片贴设于电池单体表面对其进行加热，当电池单体受热膨胀时，开裂缝能够在电池单体的膨胀力作用下断裂，从而使加热片随电池单体同步产生形变，避免加热片与电池单体脱离，由此，能够提高加热片对电池单体的加热效 率。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一实施例中车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例中电池的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例中电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例中加热组件的结构示意图；
图5为本申请其中一个实施例中加热片的结构示意图；
图6为本申请其中另一实施例中加热片的结构示意图；
图7为图6中A处的局部放大图；
图8为本申请一实施例中防护膜的结构示意图。
1000、车辆；100、电池；200、控制器；300、马达；10、箱体；20、电池单体；11、第一部分；12、第二部分；21、端盖；22、壳体；23、电芯组件；30、加热组件；31、加热片；32、防护膜；311、预开裂部；312、止裂部；313、第三连接孔；314、第四连接孔；321、第一连接孔；322、第二连接孔；3111、开裂缝；21a、电极端子；312a、止裂线；312b、止裂孔；3111a、子缝；a、第一方向。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
一方面，动力电池在使用过程中需要进行加热，因此需要设置相应的热管理结构对其进行加热。而另一方面，随着动力电池的广泛应用，人们要求动力电池具有更高的能量密度以及更小的体积。为了兼顾上述两点需求，现有技术中通常采用带电阻丝的加热膜来实现动力电池的加热。
具体地，将内部设置有电阻丝的加热膜通过粘合胶贴设于动力电池需要加热部位的表面，电阻丝通电发热以对动力电池进行加热。这种方式既可提高动力电池的能量密度，又可以实现动力电池的加热目的。然而，在加热过程中，由于动力电池温度升高，可能发生膨胀并引起形变。随着动力电池形变量逐渐变大，加热膜可能与动力电池之间出现脱胶，从而使加热膜脱离动力电池表面。此外，加热膜也可能因动力电池的形变而断裂。
当加热膜脱离动力电池后，不仅会导致加热失效，而且由于加热膜没有导热介质接触， 容易出现空烧，从而引起热失控。而当加热膜发生断裂时，可能造成电路短路，将导致动力电池无法使用。
基于上述问题，申请人发现，可通过在加热片上设计开裂部与止裂部，使得加热片可在动力电池的膨胀力作用下发生断裂并跟随动力电池同步形变，避免加热膜与动力电池之间出现脱胶，从而有效提高加热片与动力电池之间的结合强度。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联 形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有端盖21、壳体22、电芯组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖21上可以设置有如电极端子21a等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电芯组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电芯组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电芯组件23是电池单体100中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电芯组件23。电芯组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
参阅图4，图4为本申请一实施例中加热组件的整体结构示意图。本申请一实施例提供了一种加热组件30，包括贴设于电池单体20表面的加热片31。其中，加热片31上设置有 至少一组预开裂部311及至少一组止裂部312，每组预开裂部311包括开裂缝3111，每组止裂部312连接于开裂缝3111之间。每组预开裂部311中的开裂缝3111能够在电池单体20的膨胀力作用下断裂，并促使围合于开裂缝3111之间的加热片31形成随电池单体20同步形变的开裂部。
需要说明的是，电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可以通过串联或并联或混联的方式进行连接。其中，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成整体。
需要说明的是，加热片31为以聚酰亚胺薄膜为外部绝缘体，以金属箔或金属丝为内导电发热件，经高温高压热合而成。
具体到本实施例中，首先需要将多个电池单体20排列设置，形成电池模块。再将加热片31通过双面胶贴设于电池模块的表面，并使开裂缝3111与相邻两个电池单体20之间的连接间隙一一对应设置。由此，需将加热片31制作成与电池模块侧面轮廓相匹配的形状，即长条状，以便于加热片31与电池模块的贴合。
对加热片31内部的发热件通电使其发热，以对电池单体20进行加热。在此过程中，电池单体20随着温度的升高，会发生膨胀进而导致表面膨胀形变。开裂缝3111在电池单体20的膨胀力作用下，沿着自身的延伸路径发生断裂。当开裂缝3111断裂至止裂部312位置时，止裂部312能够阻挡开裂部继续断裂，从而避免加热片31完全断开，以便于加热片31内部的发热件沿着未断开的部位走线，确保发热片整体的安全导热。
通过上述结构，在电池单体20的膨胀力作用下，加热片31能够跟随电池单体20同步发生形变，避免加热片31与电池单体20脱胶分离，从而增加加热片31与电池单体20之间的连接牢固度。此外，开裂缝3111能够控制加热片31沿预设路径发生断裂，止裂部312能够阻止开裂缝3111持续断裂而导致加热片31完全断开，从而避免加热片31内的发热件断开而引起无法加热的风险，提高加热片31的安全性能。
如图5所示，图5为本申请其中一个实施例中加热片的结构示意图。在一些实施例中，开裂缝3111被构造为沿连续路径弯折延伸，止裂部312连接于开裂缝3111的首尾两端。需要说明的是，如图5所示，开裂缝3111的首尾两端位于加热片31上的同一侧。具体地，开裂缝3111包括连续设置的一条，且将止裂部312连接于该开裂缝3111的首尾两端。当加热片31跟随电池单体20同步膨胀时，开裂缝3111沿其延伸方向发生断裂，止裂部312可确保开裂部不脱离加热片31。更具体的，如图5所示，开裂缝3111与止裂部312可共同围合形成一矩形，其中，止裂部312被构造为该矩形的其中一条边长，开裂缝3111被构造为该矩形的其余三条边长。由此，开裂缝3111与止裂部312相互配合，使开裂缝3111沿其预设路径断裂，并且开裂缝3111通过止裂部312与加热片31连接，在确保加热片31正常工作的前提 下，提高加热片31的形变能力。
进一步地，每组预开裂部311中止裂部312包括呈实线状设置的止裂线312a和止裂孔312b。止裂孔312b设置于开裂缝3111的首尾两端，止裂线312a连接于首尾两端的止裂孔312b之间。具体到本实施例中，如图4及图5所示，止裂线312a为连接于相邻两个止裂孔312b之间的虚拟实线，即为加热片31的一部分。止裂孔312b与止裂线312a能够阻断开裂缝3111的断裂路径，从而确保开裂部不脱离加热片31，保证加热片31的正常导电发热。请参看图6及图7，图6为本申请其中另一实施例中加热片的结构示意图，图7为图3中A处的局部放大图。在一些实施例中，开裂缝3111被构造为两条子缝3111a，两条子缝3111a相对且间隔设置。每条子缝3111a沿第一方向a延伸且包括设置于加热片31边缘的第一端及远离加热片31边缘的第二端，止裂部312连接于两条子缝3111a的第二端之间。
具体到本实施例中，第一方向a为加热片31的宽度方向，两条子缝3111a相互平行设置。其中，每条子缝3111a的第一端延伸至加热片31边缘。当发热片跟随电池单体发生膨胀形变时，每条子缝3111a从第一端开始断裂，并沿第一方向a向上断裂延伸，直至断裂到第二端时，被止裂部312阻止。
从加热片31的边缘开始断裂，能够减小开裂缝3111发生断裂时所需的膨胀力，从而使加热片31与电池单体20结合更加紧密。
进一步地，每组预开裂部311中止裂部312包括呈实线状设置的止裂线312a和止裂孔312b。止裂孔312b设置于每条子缝3111a的第二端，止裂线312a连接于相邻两个止裂孔312b之间。具体到本实施例中，如图4及图5所示，止裂线312a为连接于相邻两个止裂孔312b之间的虚拟实线，即为加热片31的一部分。止裂孔312b与止裂线312a能够阻断每条子缝3111a的断裂路径，从而确保开裂部不脱离加热片31，保证加热片31的正常导电发热。
此外，止裂孔312b被构造为开口朝向子缝3111a的U型孔结构。当子缝3111a沿其延伸方向断裂时，止裂孔312b能够阻止子缝3111a的断裂路径，从而避免开裂部脱离加热片31。可以理解地，止裂孔312b也可设置为其他类似结构，例如与子缝3111a相连的圆孔，亦能实现上述目的，在此不作赘述。
在一些实施例中，开裂缝3111被构造为虚线状设置。具体地，开裂缝3111为多个虚线孔间隔设置所形成的线性结构，以便于开裂缝3111在电池单体20膨胀力的作用下，能够顺利断裂。
请再次参看图4，且一并参看图8，图8为本申请一实施例中防护膜的结构示意图。在一些实施例中，加热组件30包括防护膜32，防护膜32沿加热片31的厚度方向覆设于加热片31的一侧表面上。具体地，加热片31沿其厚度方向包括相对设置的第一表面与第二表面，将防护膜32覆设于第一表面，并且将加热片31的第二表面贴设于电池模块的侧面。由此，既能对加热片31进行保护，又能实现加热片31对电池模块的加热。
具体到本实施例中，由于采用聚酰亚胺薄膜作为加热片31的外部绝缘体，而聚酰亚胺薄膜结构较为薄弱，导致在生产过程中容易出现破损，造成绝缘失效。基于此，通过将防护膜32覆设于加热片31的一侧表面，使防护膜32对加热片31起到保护作用，提高加热片31的安全性能。
进一步地，防护膜32的粘度小于或等于1N/cm。具体地，防护膜32为低粘度绝缘膜。由此，防护膜32在生产过程中能够对加热片31起到保护作用，避免加热片31表面受到磨损。而当加热片31贴设于电池单体20上并对电池单体20进行加热时，若加热片31随着电池单体20产生形变，防护膜32由于其低粘度的特性，能够在膨胀力作用下与加热片31脱离，从而不影响加热片31随电池单体20膨胀形变。
在一些实施例中，防护膜32包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯中的一种或多种材料。可以理解地，在一些其他的实施例中，防护膜32也可采用类似的材料制成，在此不做赘述。
此外，为了使防护膜32能够更好的对加热片31贴合，防护膜32的外轮廓与加热片31的外轮廓相对应，以便于两者进行贴合重叠。
防护膜32上沿其长度方向还开设有第一连接孔321与第二连接孔322，加热片31上沿其长度方向开设有第三连接孔313与第四连接孔314。其中，第一连接孔321与第三连接孔313沿加热片31的厚度方向相对应，第二连接孔322与第四连接孔314沿加热片31的厚度方向相对应。当加热片31与防护膜32同步贴设于电池单体20上时，将铆钉插入第一连接孔321、第二连接孔322、第三连接孔313以及第四连接孔314内，以实现加热片31及防护膜32与电池单体20的进一步连接固定。
进一步地，第一连接孔321与第三连接孔313均设置为腰型孔，第二连接孔322与第四连接孔314均设置为圆孔。由此，腰型孔可在加热片31或防护膜32的长度方向上提供一连接误差，以便于调整加热片31与防护膜32使之对齐。
基于与上述加热组件30相同的构思，本申请提供一种电池100，包括箱体10、设于箱体10内的电池单体20以及如上所述的加热组件30，其中，加热组件30接触设置于电池单体20表面。
基于与上述电池100相同的构思，本申请提供一种用电装置，包括用电主体及如上所述的电池100。
本申请具体使用时，首先将防护膜32与加热片31对齐，并通过双面胶贴设于电池模块的侧面，然后通过铆钉固定。加热片31通电发热，以对电池模块进行加热。
电池模块中的各电池单体20温度升高而发生膨胀形变，与此同时，加热片31跟随电池单体20发生形变，防护膜32在形变过程中与加热片31剥离。加热片31上的开裂缝3111沿其延伸方向不断断裂，直至止裂孔312b。由此，加热片31跟随电池单体20同步形变，并 持续对其加热。
上述实施例中的加热组件30、电池100以及用电装置，至少具有以下优点：
1)设置开裂缝3111可使加热片31在电池单体20膨胀形变时跟随其同步形变，避免加热片31与电池单体20脱胶，提高加热效率；
2)止裂部312能够阻挡开裂缝3111沿其延伸方向持续断裂，从而能够避免开裂部与加热片31完全脱离，能够确保加热片31的完整性；
3)防护膜32设置为低粘度绝缘膜，不仅能够在生产过程中对加热片31起到保护作用，避免加热片31受到磨损而失效，还能够在加热片31随电池单体20发生形变时与加热片31剥离，从而不影响加热片31与电池单体20同步形变；
4)第一连接孔321与第三连接孔313均设置为腰型孔，能够在长度方向上提供一连接误差，以便于调整加热片31与防护膜32使之对齐。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种加热组件，包括贴设于电池单体表面的加热片，所述加热片上设置有至少一组预开裂部及至少一组止裂部，每组所述预开裂部包括开裂缝，每组所述止裂部连接于所述开裂缝之间；每组所述预开裂部中的所述开裂缝能够在所述电池单体的膨胀力作用下断裂，并促使围合于所述开裂缝之间的所述加热片形成随所述电池单体同步形变的开裂部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的加热组件，其中，所述开裂缝被构造为沿连续路径弯折延伸，所述止裂部连接于所述开裂缝的首尾两端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的加热组件，其中，每组所述预开裂部中所述止裂部包括呈实线状设置的止裂线和止裂孔，所述止裂孔设置于所述开裂缝的首尾两端，所述止裂线连接于首尾两端的所述止裂孔之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的加热组件，其中，所述开裂缝被构造为两条子缝，所述两条子缝相对且间隔设置；每条所述子缝沿第一方向延伸且包括设置于所述加热片边缘的第一端及远离所述加热片边缘的第二端，所述止裂部连接于所述两条子缝的所述第二端之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的加热组件，其中，每组所述预开裂部中所述止裂部包括呈实线状设置的止裂线和止裂孔，所述止裂孔设置于每条所述子缝的第二端，所述止裂线连接于相邻两个所述止裂孔之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的加热组件，其中，所述开裂缝被构造为虚线状设置。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的加热组件，其中，所述加热组件包括防护膜，所述防护膜沿所述加热片的厚度方向覆设于所述加热片的一侧表面上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的加热组件，其中，所述防护膜的粘度小于或等于1N/cm。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的加热组件，其中，所述防护膜包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯中的一种或多种材料。
  10. 一种电池，包括箱体、设于所述箱体内的电池单体以及如权利要求1-9任意一项所述的加热组件，所述加热组件接触设置于所述电池单体表面。
  11. 一种用电装置，包括用电主体及如权利要求10所述的电池。
PCT/CN2023/074097 2022-02-10 2023-02-01 一种加热组件、电池以及用电装置 WO2023151494A1 (zh)

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