WO2023024988A1 - 电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023024988A1
WO2023024988A1 PCT/CN2022/112908 CN2022112908W WO2023024988A1 WO 2023024988 A1 WO2023024988 A1 WO 2023024988A1 CN 2022112908 W CN2022112908 W CN 2022112908W WO 2023024988 A1 WO2023024988 A1 WO 2023024988A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery cell
heating
heating component
exhaust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/112908
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈旭斌
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22860334.6A priority Critical patent/EP4276981A1/en
Publication of WO2023024988A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023024988A1/zh
Priority to US18/448,496 priority patent/US20230387507A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • Heating the battery during the charge and discharge process can effectively improve the charge and discharge capacity of the battery, improve the cycle performance and prolong the service life. Especially in extremely cold conditions, the charge and discharge capacity of the battery itself will be reduced by the impact of the low temperature environment, and effective heating of the battery can reduce this impact.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery and an electrical device, so that the heating component can be closely attached to the surface of the battery cell.
  • a battery including: a battery cell; a heating component attached to the surface of at least one side of the battery cell, and the heating component is used to heat the battery cell;
  • an exhaust structure is provided on the heating component at a position opposite to the one side surface of the battery cell, and the exhaust structure is used to separate the one side surface of the battery cell from the Gas escapes between heating elements.
  • an exhaust structure is provided on the heating component at a position opposite to at least one side surface of the battery cell, so that the gas between the surface on one side of the battery cell and the heating component can pass through.
  • the exhaust structure is discharged smoothly, so that the surface of the battery cell and the heating component can be completely bonded, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of partial dry burning of the heating component, improve the heat transfer efficiency, and the battery can quickly reach the working position.
  • the required temperature to improve the cycle performance and service life of the battery.
  • the exhaust structure is arranged on the side surface of the battery cell in a middle area along the width direction of the battery cell.
  • the exhaust structure arranged in the middle area can The gas at this position is smoothly discharged to improve the attachment effect of the heating component to the side of the battery cell, thereby improving the heating effect.
  • the exhaust structure includes an exhaust hole penetrating through the heating component.
  • vent holes there are multiple vent holes, and the plurality of vent holes are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the battery cells.
  • a plurality of exhaust holes are provided, and they are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the battery cell, so that the exhaust holes can be evenly distributed on the area of the heating component corresponding to the side surface of the battery cell, which can This enables the heating component to heat one side of the battery cell more uniformly, and also makes it easy for the gas located in all positions in the middle area of one side of the battery cell to reach the exhaust hole and be discharged.
  • the heating component is further provided with an anti-tear structure, the anti-tear structure is arranged at the end of the heating component along the height direction, and the anti-tear structure is arranged along the exhaust structure.
  • the height direction is arranged at intervals.
  • setting the anti-tear structure can stop the tearing in time when the exhaust structure is torn along the height direction, so as to avoid damage to the heating component and affect the heating function of the battery.
  • the anti-tear structure includes an arc portion, and the arc portion penetrates through the heating component.
  • the extension direction of both ends of the exhaust structure is towards the middle part of the arc part.
  • the width of the exhaust structure is 2-6 mm.
  • the distance from the exhaust structure to the edge of the heating component along the height direction of the battery cells is 4-6mm.
  • the distance from the exhaust structure to the edge of the heating component along the height direction of the battery cell is set to 4-6mm, which can effectively avoid the exhaust structure from being too close to the edge of the heating component and make the heating component prone to breakage or tearing At the same time, it can ensure that the distance between the exhaust structure and the middle area where the battery cells are attached to the heating component is relatively close, so that the gas in this area can be smoothly discharged through the exhaust structure.
  • the heating component is further provided with a heating wire, and the heating wire is arranged on the outer periphery of the exhaust structure.
  • arranging the heating wire on the outer periphery of the exhaust structure can avoid the situation that the heating wire is exposed in the exhaust structure and cause electric leakage, and can also prevent the heating wire from covering the exhaust structure.
  • the battery includes a plurality of battery cells stacked along the width direction of the battery cells, and the heating component includes a plurality of exhaust structures, and each exhaust structure corresponds to attached to the one side surface of each battery cell.
  • one heating component includes multiple exhaust structures, and when assembling, the heating component can be directly attached to the whole body composed of multiple battery cells, so as to improve the arrangement of multiple exhaust gas structures on the heating component.
  • the efficiency of the structure, and a plurality of exhaust structures are correspondingly attached to one side surface of a plurality of battery cells, so that each battery cell can be completely attached to the heating component, by improving the Heating efficiency, thereby improving the cycle performance and service life of each battery cell, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery.
  • an electric device including the above-mentioned battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the battery of some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the explosion of a battery cell in a battery according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of assembly of multiple battery cells and heating components provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating component provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the exhaust structure and the anti-tear structure provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view at K in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a heating component provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery cell 20 an end cap 21, an electrode terminal 21a, a casing 22, an electrode assembly 23, and a tab 23a;
  • Heating component 400 exhaust structure 410, anti-tear structure 430, heating wire 450;
  • the width direction X of the battery cell The width direction X of the battery cell, the height direction Y of the battery cell, and the length direction Z of the battery cell.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the existing battery is usually provided with a heating component such as an additional heat film on the side of the battery cell to realize the heating function of the battery.
  • the inventors of the present application noticed that during the process of attaching the heating component to the side of the battery cell, the heating component tends to be partially dry-burned, resulting in uneven heating of the battery cell and poor heating effect, thus affecting the battery.
  • the cycle performance and service life of a single cell are particularly serious under extreme environmental conditions such as extreme cold conditions, which may even cause the entire battery to stop working directly.
  • the reason why the heating element is partially dry-burned is that the surface of the battery cell is often not smooth enough, and there is a local concave situation, which easily leads to the heating element being attached to the battery cell.
  • the edge of the inner recess is firstly attached to the heating part, so that the gas in the inner recess is sealed in the heating part and one side surface of the battery cell and is not easily discharged, and the heating part can only be heated through the gas
  • the heating efficiency of the battery cell is low; moreover, as the heating temperature rises, the gas is prone to volume expansion or migration, which further affects the effect of the heating component attached to the surface of the battery cell, thereby affecting the heating effect of the heating component. In this way, the cycle performance and service life of the battery cells are likely to be affected, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the battery as a whole.
  • the inventors of the present application provide a battery, which includes a heating component provided with an exhaust structure, the heating component is attached to at least one side surface of the battery cell, and the exhaust structure is used to discharge the battery cell The gas between the surface on one side and the heating component is exhausted, so that the heating component and the battery cell can be completely attached when attached, avoiding dry burning of the heating component, thereby improving the heating effect of the heating component on the battery cell, and Improve the cycle performance and service life of battery cells, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery.
  • the batteries disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system composed of the battery cells and batteries disclosed in this application can be used to form the power consumption device, which is beneficial to improve battery performance and battery life.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 housed in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 11 can be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define an accommodation space ;
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 11 is covered by the opening side of the second part 12 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20, and multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in parallel.
  • Mixed connection means that a plurality of battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series or parallel or in combination, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole, which is accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cover 21 , a casing 22 , an electrode assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the X direction is the width direction of the battery cell 20
  • the Y direction is the height direction of the battery cell 20
  • the Z direction is the length direction of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cap 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the end cap 21 can be made of a material (such as aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cap 21 is not easy to deform when being squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals 21 a may be provided on the end cap 21 .
  • the electrode terminal 21 a can be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cover 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the end cap 21 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the end cover 21 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cover 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the casing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the end cover 21 can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the housing 22 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 can be formed by making the end cover 21 cover the opening at the opening.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When the inside of the housing 22 needs to be encapsulated , then make the end cover 21 cover the housing 22.
  • the housing 22 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 20 that is soaked in the electrolyte solution to undergo an electrochemical reaction.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 23 may be contained within the casing 22 .
  • the electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 23 , and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute the tabs 23 a.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of assembly of a plurality of battery cells 20 and a heating component 400 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application provides a battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 20 and a heating member 400 .
  • the heating member 400 is attached to at least one surface of the battery cell 20 to heat the battery cell 20 .
  • An exhaust structure 410 is provided on the heating component 400 opposite to one side surface of the battery cell 20 , and the exhaust structure 410 is used to discharge gas between the one side surface of the battery cell 20 and the heating component 400 .
  • the heating component 400 is a component for providing heat to the battery cell 20 , and the heating component 400 can be used to convert electrical energy into thermal energy and provide the thermal energy to the battery cell 20 .
  • the type of the heating element 400 can be a variable resistance heating element, a constant resistance heating element, etc.
  • the former is usually called PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient)
  • the latter is a heating film usually composed of a metal heating wire, such as a silicone heating film, a flexible Electric heating film, etc.
  • the heating component 400 can be bonded by an adhesive, or the surface of the heating component 400 can be adhered to the surface of the battery cell 20 by applying a pressing pressure to the heating component 400 for a certain period of time.
  • the heating member 400 can be attached to one side or both sides of the battery cell 20 in the width direction X, so that when a plurality of battery cells 20 are stacked along the width direction X, an integrated heating member 400 can be installed and attached simultaneously. Attaching to the same side surface of multiple battery cells 20 improves the assembly efficiency of the heating member 400 and the battery cells 20 .
  • the heating component 400 can also be bonded to one side or both sides of the battery cell 20 along other directions, and the heating component 400 can be integral, or multiple and split.
  • an exhaust structure 410 is provided on the heating component 400 at a position opposite to the side surface of the battery cell 20.
  • the gas between the heating component 400 and the side surface can be discharge, avoiding the phenomenon of dry burning due to the local presence of gas when the heating member 400 is attached to the surface of the battery cell 20, and further improving the heating effect of the heating member 400, so as to improve the performance of the battery through the use environment of the battery cell 20.
  • the cycle performance and service life of the monomer 20 is provided on the heating component 400 at a position opposite to the side surface of the battery cell 20.
  • the exhaust structure 410 is configured on one side surface of the battery cell 20 along the width direction of the battery cell 20 (the X-axis direction in FIG. 3 ). middle area.
  • the middle position of the concave structure is usually the position with the largest degree of depression, and it is also the position where the most gas is likely to exist when the heating member 400 is attached to the surface.
  • the embodiment of the present application arranges the exhaust structure 410 on the side surface of the battery cell 20 in the middle area along the width direction X of the battery cell 20, so that the concave structure can be More gas is expelled rapidly.
  • the gas in other positions is easier to gather to the middle position, and the exhaust structure 410 is arranged on the side surface of the battery cell 20 along the battery cell 20
  • the middle area in the width direction X is beneficial to make the gas in various positions in the concave structure move to the exhaust structure 410 arranged in the middle area and be discharged.
  • the gas between the heating member 400 and the battery cell 20 near the edge of the heating member 400 may be squeezed from the outer edge of the heating member 400 during attachment. out. Since there is an assembly gap between adjacent battery cells 20 , the gas near the assembly gap of adjacent battery cells 20 can be extruded from the assembly gap.
  • the exhaust structure 410 is arranged on at least one side surface of the battery cell 20 along the width of the battery cell 20 direction, so that the gas located in the middle area of the side of the battery cell 20 can be smoothly discharged through the exhaust structure 410, so as to improve the attachment effect of the heating component 400 and the side of the battery cell 20.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating component 400 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the exhaust structure 410 may include an exhaust hole penetrating the heating component 400 .
  • the exhaust structure 410 includes an exhaust hole.
  • the exhaust hole is opened on the heating component 400 and can communicate with the space on both sides of the heating component 400.
  • the arrangement of the exhaust hole is not limited. Specifically, it can be as shown in the area A in FIG. 5
  • the single or multiple circular holes can also be strip-shaped holes as shown in area B in Figure 5.
  • the exhaust hole is a through hole
  • the diameter of the through hole can be 2-6mm, and can also be other different sizes.
  • the selection of the through hole diameter requires comprehensive Consider the size of the battery cell 20 and the exhaust capacity required by the heating member 400 .
  • the discharge is to the side of the heating component 400 away from the battery cell 20 , so that the heating component 400 can be more closely attached to the surface of the battery cell 20 , and the heating effect is better.
  • the vent hole may be a slit structure
  • the slit structure refers to a line that passes from one side of the heating member 400 toward the battery cell 20 to the other side.
  • the slit structure can be set in the middle of the surface of the battery cell 20, and the length of each slit is generally 4-8mm. Fracture can be directional and not prone to fracture in all directions. Specifically, when the surface of the battery cell 20 has a large degree of depression, when the heating member 400 is attached to the surface of the battery cell 20, the connection between adjacent gaps can be broken and connected to expand the exhaust structure 410. The overall area, in this way, can improve the exhaust effect.
  • the heating element 400 provided with a slit structure can be partially broken to adapt to battery cells 20 with different exhaust requirements, which is convenient to use and has a good exhaust effect.
  • the plurality of exhaust structures 410 on the heating component 400 can also be configured as a through-hole structure and a slit structure, which can be applied to the battery 100 with multiple battery cells 20 of different types, etc. situation; or it can also be applied to the battery 100 being provided with multiple battery cells 20 of the same type, for example, as shown in FIG. 5 , the two can be arranged at intervals, which is not limited in this application.
  • vent holes there are multiple vent holes, and the multiple vent holes may be arranged at intervals along the height direction Y of the battery cell 20 .
  • the area in the middle of adjacent exhaust holes can be used to transfer heat to the battery cell 20, for example, for arranging Heating wires, so as to avoid the poor heating effect on the battery cell 20 due to the excessively large area of the exhaust structure 410.
  • the exhaust holes that can also be arranged at intervals can extend the entire row in the height direction Y of the battery cell 20. The length of the gas structure 410, each exhaust hole is used to discharge the gas in the adjacent area, so that the exhaust effect can be improved.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the exhaust structure 410 and the anti-tear structure 430 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the heating component 400 is also provided with a tear-proof structure 430, which is arranged at the end of the heating component 400 along the height direction Y, and the tear-proof structure 430 and the exhaust structure 410 are arranged at intervals along the height direction Y.
  • the anti-tear structure 430 is arranged on both ends of the exhaust structure such as a plurality of through holes and the slit structure along the height direction Y (the slit structure is taken as an example in FIG. 6 ), when the through hole structure or the slit structure is torn along the height direction Y , the anti-tear structure 430 can prevent it from continuing to tear, thereby preventing the entire heating component 400 from breaking along the height direction Y and affecting the heating function of the heating component 400 .
  • the anti-tear structure 430 can be set as a local structure with relatively high strength, such as local thickening, local glue application, etc., which can prevent further tearing of the exhaust structure 410 .
  • the anti-tear structure 430 may include an arc portion, and the arc portion penetrates the heating component 400 .
  • the arc-shaped part can be a structure including arc-shaped features, such as arc-shaped slits, round holes, etc., and the concave or convex part of the arc-shaped part can be arranged at the end of the exhaust structure 410.
  • the exhaust structure 410 When a tear occurs, when the tear spreads to the concave or convex part of the arc portion, the tear can be stopped and will not continue to expand. In this way, the overall fracture of the heating component 400 can be effectively avoided.
  • FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view at K in FIG. 5 .
  • the width d1 of the exhaust structure 410 is 2-6 mm.
  • the width d1 of the exhaust structure 410 refers to the diameter of the circular through hole;
  • the width d1 of the exhaust structure 410 can also be 2-6 mm, so as to prevent the heating effect of the heating member 400 on the battery cell 20 from being affected due to the excessive width of the exhaust structure 410;
  • the exhaust structure 410 is easy to fit on both sides along the width direction X, the exhaust effect of the exhaust structure 410 is poor, or to prevent the exhaust structure 410 from discharging a large amount of gas in an instant because the width of the exhaust structure 410 is too small. Crack occurs.
  • the distance d2 from the exhaust structure 410 to the edge of the heating component 400 along the height direction Y of the battery cell 20 is 4-6 mm.
  • the distance d2 between the exhaust structure 410 and the edge of the heating component 400 along the height direction Y of the battery cell 20 is too close, it is easy to cause the heating component 400 to break or tear in this area, affecting the normal use of the heating component 400.
  • the distance d2 between the exhaust structure 410 and the edge of the heating component 400 is kept within a certain value range, which is beneficial for the exhaust structure 410 to be closer to the middle area, so as to shorten the gas discharge distance , to improve the exhaust effect of the exhaust structure 410 .
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a heating component 400 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a heating wire 450 is disposed on the heating component 400 , and the heating wire 450 is arranged on the outer periphery of the exhaust structure 410 .
  • the heating wire 450 is also called an electric heating wire or a heating wire, and is used for heating the battery cells 20 after being energized.
  • the heating wires of the present application may be iron-chromium-aluminum heating wires or nickel-chromium heating wires, all of which have a certain heating effect, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the heating element 400 can be a sandwich structure and the heating wire 450 is sandwiched between the interlayers, so as to avoid the leakage of the heating wire 450, and further, the heating wire 450 is arranged on the outer periphery of the exhaust structure 410, so that the heating The wire 450 can be arranged away from the exhaust structure 410 to avoid local electric leakage caused by the heating wire 450 being exposed at the exhaust structure 410 .
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 stacked along the thickness direction of the battery cells 20, and the heating component 400 includes a plurality of exhaust structures 410, Each exhaust structure 410 is correspondingly attached to at least one surface of each battery cell 20 .
  • the heating component 400 can be arranged with a plurality of exhaust structures 410, and the heating component 400 can be attached On the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 20 , each exhaust structure 410 is arranged corresponding to each battery cell 20 to discharge the gas between one side surface of each battery cell 20 and the heating member 400 , improving the overall performance of the battery 100 .

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Abstract

本申请涉及新能源技术领域，公开了一种电池及用电装置，该电池包括：电池单体；加热部件，附接于所述电池单体至少一侧的表面，所述加热部件用于加热所述电池单体；其中，所述加热部件上与所述电池单体至少一侧的所述表面相对的位置处设置有排气结构，所述排气结构用于将所述电池单体至少一侧的所述表面与所述加热部件之间的气体排出。通过上述方式，本申请能够使加热部件与电池单体表面紧密贴合，提高热传递效率。

Description

电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年8月27日提交的名称为“电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202122052576.0的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及新能源技术领域，具体涉及一种电池及用电装置。
背景技术
在电池的充放电过程中对其进行加热，可以有效提高电池的充放电能力，改善循环性能和提高使用寿命。尤其是在极寒条件下，电池本身的充放电能力会受到低温环境的影响而降低，对电池进行有效加热则可以降低这种影响。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池及用电装置，以能够使加热部件与电池单体表面紧密贴合。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，提供一种电池，包括：电池单体；加热部件，附接于所述电池单体至少一侧的表面，所述加热部件用于加热所述电池单体；其中，所述加热部件上与所述电池单体的所述一侧表面相 对的位置处设置有排气结构，所述排气结构用于将所述电池单体所述一侧表面与所述加热部件之间的气体排出。
本申请实施例提供的电池通过在加热部件上与电池单体至少一侧的表面相对的位置处设置排气结构，使电池单体上的所述一侧表面与加热部件之间的气体可以通过所述排气结构顺利排出，以使电池单体的表面与加热部件之间可以完全贴合，这样能够有效避免加热部件出现局部干烧的现象，提高热传递效率，电池可快速地达到工作所需的温度，以提高电池的循环性能和使用寿命。
在一种可选的方式中，所述排气结构被配置在所述电池单体的所述一侧表面上沿所述电池单体宽度方向的中间区域。
通过采用上述方案，可以避免加热部件边缘与电池单体的所述一侧表面贴合而加热部件的中间区域由于气体的存在而无法贴合的现象，设置于中间区域的排气结构可以将位于该位置的气体顺利排出，以提升加热部件与电池单体侧面的贴附效果，从而提高加热效果。
在一种可选的方式中，所述排气结构包括贯通所述加热部件的排气孔。通过采用上述方案，排气孔可以在不影响加热部件的整体效果的基础上，用于将加热部件与电池单体表面之间的气体排出，进而使加热部件与电池单体表面完全贴合，提升加热效果。
在一种可选的方式中，所述排气孔有多个，多个所述排气孔沿所述电池单体的高度方向间隔设置。
通过采用上述方案，将排气孔设置为多个，并且沿电池单体的高度方向间隔设置，这样，可以使得排气孔在加热部件对应电池单体的一侧表面的区域上均匀分布，可以使得加热部件对电池单体的一侧表面的加热更均匀，也可以使位于电池单体一侧侧面的中间区域内所有位置的气体均容 易到达排气孔处排出。
在一种可选的方式中，所述加热部件还设置有防撕结构，所述防撕结构设置在所述加热部件沿高度方向的端部，所述防撕结构与所述排气结构沿所述高度方向间隔设置。
通过采用上述方案，设置防撕结构可以在排气结构发生沿所述高度方向撕裂的现象时，使撕裂及时停止，避免造成加热部件损坏，影响电池的加热功能。
在一种可选的方式中，所述防撕结构包括弧形部，所述弧形部贯通所述加热部件。
通过采用上述方案，排气结构两端的延伸方向朝向弧形部的中间部分，当排气结构撕裂发生蔓延时，裂痕蔓延到弧形部的中间部分后停止撕裂，可以有效避免加热部件整体发生断裂情况，以提高加热部件的使用寿命。
在一种可选的方式中，沿所述电池单体的宽度方向，所述排气结构的宽度为2-6mm。
通过采用上述方案，避免排气结构的设置影响加热部件的加热效果，并且，避免排气结构由于宽度过小而在排气过程中容易撕裂。
在一种可选的方式中，所述排气结构沿所述电池单体的高度方向至所述加热部件边缘的距离为4-6mm。
通过采用上述方案，排气结构沿电池单体的高度方向至加热部件边缘的距离设置为4-6mm，可以有效避免排气结构与加热部件边缘距离过近而使得加热部件容易发生断裂或撕裂，同时可以保证排气结构与电池单体贴合加热部件的中间区域距离较近，便于该区域的气体可以通过排气结构 顺利地排出。
在一种可选的方式中，所述加热部件上还设置有加热丝，所述加热丝布置在所述排气结构的外周。
通过采用上述方案，将加热丝布置在排气结构的外周，可以避免加热丝外露在排气结构内而造成漏电的情况，并且，也可以避免加热丝遮挡排气结构。
在一种可选的方式中，所述电池包括沿所述电池单体的宽度方向堆叠的多个所述电池单体，所述加热部件包括有多个排气结构，每个排气结构对应附接在每个电池单体的所述一侧表面。
通过采用上述方案，一个加热部件包括有多个排气结构，在组装时，可以直接将加热部件附接在由多个电池单体构成的整体上，以提升在加热部件上布置多个排气结构的效率，并且，多个排气结构对应附接于多个电池单体的一侧表面，以使每个电池单体都能够与加热部件完全贴合，通过提高对每一个电池单体的加热效率，从而提高每一个电池单体的循环性能和使用寿命，从而提升电池整体的性能。
根据本申请实施例的另一个方面，提供一种用电装置，包括如上所述的电池。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对 于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的电池中电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的多个电池单体与加热部件的装配示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的加热部件的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的排气结构和防撕结构的结构示意图；
图7为图5中K处的局部放大图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的加热部件的透视图。
附图标记：
车辆1000；
电池100，控制器200，马达300；
箱体10，第一部分11，第二部分12；
电池单体20，端盖21，电极端子21a，壳体22，电极组件23，极耳23a；
加热部件400，排气结构410，防撕结构430，加热丝450；
电池单体的宽度方向X，电池单体的高度方向Y，电池单体的长度方向Z。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
为了满足电池在低温环境下的正常工作使用，现有电池通常会在电池单体的侧面设置加热部件例如贴附加热膜以实现电池的加热功能。
本申请发明人注意到，在将加热部件附接于电池单体的侧面的过程中，加热部件容易存在局部干烧而造成对电池单体的加热不均匀等加热效果差的现象，从而影响电池单体的循环性能和使用寿命，在极端环境条件例如极寒条件下时尤为严重，甚至可能导致整个电池直接停止工作。
经过发明人的进一步研究发现，加热部件之所以存在局部干烧，是由于电池单体的表面往往不够平整，存在局部内凹的情况，这就容易导致加热部件在附接于电池单体的一侧表面时，内凹处的边缘首先与加热部件贴合，使得内凹处的气体被封存在加热部件与电池单体的一侧表面中而不容易被排出，加热部件只能隔着气体加热电池单体，加热效率低；并且，气体随着加热温度的提升还容易发生体积膨胀或游走，进一步影响加热部件附接于电池单体一侧表面的效果，从而影响加热部件的加热效果，这样，就容易导致电池单体的循环性能和使用寿命受影响，使得电池整体的性能下降。
基于以上考虑，本申请发明人提供了一种电池，该电池包括设置有排气结构的加热部件，该加热部件附接于电池单体的至少一侧表面，排气结构用于将电池单体的一侧表面与加热部件之间的气体排出，以使加热部件与电池单体在附接时能够完全贴合，避免加热部件发生干烧，从而提高加热部件对电池单体的加热效果，以提高电池单体的循环性能和使用寿命，从而提高电池的整体性能。
本申请实施例公开的电池可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于提升电池性能和电池的寿命。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车 辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸示意图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可 串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有端盖21、壳体22、电极组件23以及其他的功能性部件。为了便于说明，如图3中所示，X方向为电池单体20的宽度方向，Y方向为电池单体20的高度方向，Z方向为电池单体20的长度方向。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖21上可以设置有如电极端子21a等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电极组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的，比 如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电极组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件23是电池单体20中浸润于电解液以发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或多个电极组件23。电极组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件23的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳23a。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池单体的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳23a连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3，并请进一步参照图4，图4 为本申请一些实施例提供的多个电池单体20与加热部件400的装配示意图。
如图3和图4所示，本申请提供了一种电池100。电池100包括电池单体20和加热部件400。加热部件400附接于电池单体20至少一侧的表面以加热电池单体20。加热部件400上与电池单体20的一侧表面相对的位置处设置有排气结构410，排气结构410用于将电池单体20的一侧表面与加热部件400之间的气体排出。
加热部件400是用于向电池单体20提供热量的部件，加热部件400可以用于将电能转化为热能并将热能提供给电池单体20。加热部件400的类型可以为可变电阻加热元件、恒定电阻加热元件等，前者通常称为PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient)，后者则是通常由金属加热丝组成的加热膜，譬如硅胶加热膜、挠性电加热膜等。加热部件400可以通过粘合剂粘接，也可以通过对加热部件400施加一定时间的压合压力，使加热部件400表面与电池单体20的表面贴附接起来。加热部件400可以与电池单体20宽度方向X的一侧或者两侧表面相贴合，这样，当多个电池单体20沿宽度方向X堆叠时，可以设置一个一体式的加热部件400同时贴附于多个电池单体20的同一侧表面上，提高加热部件400和电池单体20的装配效率。加热部件400也可以与电池单体20沿其他方向的一侧或两侧表面相贴合，加热部件400可以为一体式的，也可以为多个、分体式的。
本申请实施例在加热部件400上与电池单体20的一侧表面相对的位置上设置有排气结构410，通过该排气结构410，能够将加热部件400与该一侧表面之间的气体排出，避免了加热部件400贴附于电池单体20的表面时，由于局部存在气体而发生干烧的现象，进一步提高加热部件400的加热效果，以通过该电池单体20的使用环境提高电池单体20的循 环性能和使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参阅图4，排气结构410被配置在电池单体20的一侧表面上沿电池单体20宽度方向(图3中X轴方向)的中间区域。
由于电池单体20的一侧表面可能呈内凹结构，内凹结构的中间位置通常为凹陷程度最大的位置，也是在加热部件400附接在该表面时容易存在有最多气体的位置，为了增加所述排气结构410的排气效果，本申请实施例将排气结构410配置在电池单体20一侧表面上沿电池单体20宽度方向X的中间区域，这样，能够将内凹结构中较多的气体迅速地排出。此外，由于内凹结构中其他位置与中间区域的距离较短，因而其他位置的气体较容易汇聚到中间的位置，将排气结构410配置在电池单体20一侧表面上沿电池单体20宽度方向X的中间区域，这样，有利于使内凹结构中各个位置的气体移动到设置在中间区域的排气结构410并排出。
同时，在加热部件400附接于电池单体20侧面的操作过程中，加热部件400与电池单体20之间靠近加热部件400边缘的气体可以在附接时，通过从加热部件400外边缘挤出。由于相邻电池单体20之间存在装配间隙，因此靠近相邻电池单体20装配间隙处的气体可以从该装配间隙处挤出。但位于电池单体20侧面中间区域的气体在边缘被贴合封闭的情况下较难排出，所以将排气结构410配置在电池单体20至少一侧的表面上沿所述电池单体20宽度方向的中间区域，使得位于电池单体20侧面中间区域的气体可以通过排气结构410顺利排出，以提升加热部件400与电池单体20侧面的贴附效果。
请参阅图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的加热部件400的结构示意图。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图5所示，排气结构410可以包括贯通加热部件400的排气孔。
排气结构410包括的排气孔，排气孔开设于加热部件400上，并且可以连通加热部件400两侧空间，排气孔的设置形式不限，具体可以是如图5中A区域所示的单个或多个圆孔，也可以是如图5中B区域所示的条形孔。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图5所示，排气孔为通孔，通孔的直径可以为2-6mm，也可以为其他不同的尺寸，具体地，通孔孔径的选择需要综合考虑电池单体20的尺寸，以及加热部件400所需要的排气能力。电池单体20的尺寸越大，则对加热部件400的排气能力要求越高，就需要选择孔径越大的通孔，加热部件400和电池单体20一侧表面的气体可以通过该通孔排出至加热部件400远离电池单体20的一侧，从而使得加热部件400可以与电池单体20一侧表面更加贴合，加热的效果更好。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图5中的C区域所示，排气孔可以为缝隙结构，缝隙结构是指由加热部件400朝向电池单体20的一侧贯通至另一侧的线型通道，缝隙结构可以设置在电池单体20一侧表面的中间位置，每一道缝隙的长度一般为4-8mm，该结构可以使得气体能够顺利排出，并且使得加热部件400在实际贴合过程中可以定向断裂而不容易发生沿各个方向的断裂。具体地，当电池单体20表面的凹陷程度较大时，加热部件400贴合电池单体20一侧表面时，相邻的缝隙之间的连接处可以断裂并相连以扩大排气结构410的总体面积，这样，可以提高排气的效果。当电池单体20的型号不同导致排气需求变化时，设置有缝隙结构的加热部件400可以通过局部断裂以适应不同排气需求的电池单体20，使用方便且排气效果良好。
在本申请的一些实施例中，加热部件400上的多个排气结构410也可以分别设置为通孔结构和缝隙结构，可以适用于电池100中设置有多个不同型号的电池单体20等情况；或者也可以适用于电池100中设置有多个相同型号的电池单体20，例如如图5所示，两者可以间隔设置，本申请对此不作限定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参阅图5，排气孔有多个，多个排气孔可以沿电池单体20的高度方向Y间隔设置。
通过将排气孔设置为多个，并且沿电池单体20的高度方向Y间隔设置，这样，可以将相邻排气孔中间的区域用于向电池单体20传递热量，例如，用于布置加热丝，以避免由于排气结构410的设置面积过大导致对电池单体20的加热效果差，此外，也可以间隔设置的排气孔可以在电池单体20的高度方向Y上延长整个排气结构410的长度，每一个排气孔都用于排出邻近区域的气体，这样，可以提高排气的效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请参阅图6，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的排气结构410和防撕结构430的结构示意图。加热部件400上还设置有防撕结构430，防撕结构430设置在加热部件400沿高度方向Y的端部，防撕结构430与排气结构410沿高度方向Y间隔设置。
防撕结构430设置于排气结构例如多个通孔、缝隙结构沿高度方向Y的两端(图6中以缝隙结构为示例)，当通孔结构或者缝隙结构发生沿高度方向Y的撕裂时，防撕结构430可以阻止其继续撕裂，从而避免整个加热部件400沿高度方向Y发生断裂，影响加热部件400的加热功能。
防撕结构430可以设置为强度较大的局部结构，例如局部加厚、局部贴胶等，均可以阻止排气结构410的进一步撕裂。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参阅图6，防撕结构 430可以包括弧形部，弧形部贯通加热部件400。
弧形部可以为包括有弧形特征的结构，例如弧形缝隙、圆孔等，可以将弧形部的内凹处或外凸处设置于排气结构410的端部，当排气结构410发生撕裂时，撕裂蔓延至弧形部的内凹处或外凸处时，撕裂可以被停止而不会继续扩张，这样，可以有效避免加热部件400整体发生断裂情况。
请参阅图7，图7为图5中K处的局部放大图。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图7所示，沿电池单体20的宽度方向X，排气结构410的宽度d1为2-6mm。
当排气结构410为图7中所示的圆形通孔410时，排气结构410的宽度d1即指圆形通孔的直径；当排气结构410为其他一些形状时，排气结构410的宽度d1也可以为2-6mm，防止由于排气结构410的宽度过大而影响加热部件400对电池单体20的加热效果；同时，防止由于排气结构410的宽度过小而在附接时排气结构410沿宽度方向X的两侧容易贴合，造成排气结构410的排气效果差，或者防止由于排气结构410的宽度过小而导致在瞬间排出大量气体时排气结构410发生破裂。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参阅图7，排气结构410沿电池单体20的高度方向Y至加热部件400边缘的距离d2为4-6mm。
当排气结构410与加热部件400沿电池单体20的高度方向Y的边缘距离d2过近时，容易导致加热部件400在该区域容易发生断裂或撕裂，影响加热部件400的正常使用，此外，当排气结构410的布置面积一定时，使排气结构410与加热部件400边缘的距离d2保持在一定的数值范围内，有利于排气结构410更靠近中间区域，以缩短气体排出的路程，提 高排气结构410的排气效果。
请参阅图8，图8为本申请一些实施例提供的加热部件400的透视图。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图8所示，加热部件400上设置有加热丝450，加热丝450布置在排气结构410的外周。
加热丝450又称电热丝或发热丝，用于在通电后进行发热从而对电池单体20进行加热。本申请的加热丝可以采用铁铬铝加热丝或镍铬加热丝等类型，均具有一定的加热效果，本申请对此不做限定。加热部件400可以为夹层结构并将加热丝450夹设于夹层之间，以避免加热丝450外露从而造成漏电的情况，进一步地，将加热丝450布置在排气结构410的外周，以使加热丝450能够避开排气结构410布置，以避免加热丝450外露在排气结构410处而造成局部漏电的情况。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请在此参阅图4，电池100包括沿电池单体20的厚度方向堆叠的多个电池单体20，加热部件400包括多个排气结构410，每个排气结构410对应附接在每个电池单体20至少一侧的表面。
对于由多个电池单体20沿厚度方向堆叠形成的电池100，为了提升加热部件400在电池100上装配的效率，加热部件400可以布置有多个排气结构410，并将加热部件400附接在由多个电池单体20构成的整体上，使每一个排气结构410与每一个电池单体20对应设置，以排出每一个电池单体20的一侧表面与加热部件400之间的气体，提高电池100整体的性能。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域 的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    电池单体；
    加热部件，附接于所述电池单体至少一侧表面，所述加热部件用于加热所述电池单体；
    其中，所述加热部件上与所述电池单体的所述一侧表面相对的位置处设置有排气结构，所述排气结构用于将所述电池单体的所述一侧表面与所述加热部件之间的气体排出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述排气结构被配置在所述电池单体的所述一侧表面上沿所述电池单体宽度方向的中间区域。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述排气结构包括贯通所述加热部件的排气孔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述排气孔有多个，多个所述排气孔沿所述电池单体的高度方向间隔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述加热部件还设置有防撕结构，所述防撕结构设置在所述加热部件沿高度方向的端部，所述防撕结构与所述排气结构沿所述高度方向间隔设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防撕结构包括弧形部，所述弧形部贯通所述加热部件。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，沿所述电池单体的宽度方向，所述排气结构的宽度为2-6mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述排气结 构沿所述电池单体的高度方向至所述加热部件边缘的距离为4-6mm。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述加热部件上还设置有加热丝，所述加热丝布置在所述排气结构的外周。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池包括沿所述电池单体的宽度方向堆叠的多个所述电池单体，所述加热部件包括有多个排气结构，每个排气结构对应附接在每个电池单体的所述一侧表面。
  11. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-10任意一项所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/112908 2021-08-27 2022-08-17 电池及用电装置 WO2023024988A1 (zh)

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