WO2023210568A1 - 焼結部材、および焼結部材の製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結部材、および焼結部材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023210568A1 WO2023210568A1 PCT/JP2023/016077 JP2023016077W WO2023210568A1 WO 2023210568 A1 WO2023210568 A1 WO 2023210568A1 JP 2023016077 W JP2023016077 W JP 2023016077W WO 2023210568 A1 WO2023210568 A1 WO 2023210568A1
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- sample
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- sintered member
- hole
- powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a sintered member and a method of manufacturing the sintered member.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-071901 filed on April 25, 2022, and incorporates all the contents described in the Japanese application.
- the method for manufacturing a sintered part in Patent Document 1 includes a step of press-molding raw material powder to produce a compact, a step of forming holes in the compact, and a step of forming the compact with the holes. and a step of sintering.
- the raw material powder includes iron powder, copper powder, carbon powder, and ethylene bisstearamide.
- the sintered member of the present disclosure includes: A sintered member made of metal, The relative density is 95% or more, A hole portion whose diameter x1 (mm) and depth y1 (mm) satisfy the following requirements (a1) to (a7), and whose width x2 (mm) and depth y2 (mm) meet the following requirements (b1) ) to satisfy requirement (b3).
- the method for manufacturing a sintered member of the present disclosure includes: a step of preparing raw material powder containing metal powder and a lubricant; Pressing the raw material powder to produce a green compact having a relative density of 95% or more; By performing at least one of hole machining and groove machining on the powder compact, a hole whose diameter x1 (mm) and depth y1 (mm) satisfy the following requirements (a1) to (a7) is formed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a sintered member according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another example of the sintered member of the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the diameter and depth of the hole of the sintered member manufactured in Test Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged graph of region A in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged graph of region B in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the width and depth of the groove of the sintered member manufactured in Test Example 2.
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged graph of region C in FIG.
- the sintered member of the present disclosure has a hole portion that has a large depth relative to its diameter, or a groove portion that has a large depth relative to its width.
- the method for manufacturing a sintered member of the present disclosure can manufacture the sintered member of the present disclosure.
- the sintered member of one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: A sintered member made of metal, The relative density is 95% or more, A hole portion whose diameter x1 (mm) and depth y1 (mm) satisfy the following requirements (a1) to (a7), and whose width x2 (mm) and depth y2 (mm) meet the following requirements (b1) ) to satisfy requirement (b3).
- the sintered member has a hole portion whose depth is larger than its diameter, or a groove portion whose depth is larger than its width.
- the metal may be pure iron or an iron alloy.
- the sintered member made of pure iron or an iron alloy has a hole portion whose depth is larger than its diameter, or a groove portion whose depth is larger than its width.
- the metal may be stainless steel.
- the sintered member made of stainless steel has a hole portion whose depth is large relative to its diameter, or a groove portion whose depth is large relative to its width.
- a method for manufacturing a sintered member a step of preparing raw material powder containing metal powder and a lubricant; Pressing the raw material powder to produce a green compact having a relative density of 95% or more; By performing at least one of hole machining and groove machining on the powder compact, a hole whose diameter x1 (mm) and depth y1 (mm) satisfy the following requirements (a1) to (a7) is formed.
- the lubricant can be easily spread between the particles of the produced compact by pressurizing the raw material powder containing a lubricant with a melting point of 150° C. or less. Since the lubricant is spread between the particles of the compacted compact, the above-mentioned holes can be formed by drilling holes in the compacted compact, and the grooves can be formed by grooving the compacted compact. .
- the relative density of the compacted powder body and the relative density of the processed body are the same. Since the produced powder compact has a relative density of 95% or more, the amount of shrinkage when the processed body is sintered is very small.
- the sizes of the holes and grooves in the sintered member remain substantially the same as those in the workpiece. Therefore, the method for manufacturing a sintered member described above can manufacture a sintered member having a hole portion whose depth is larger than its diameter, or a groove portion whose depth is larger than its width.
- the lubricant may be stearic acid, erucamide, or stearamide.
- the above-mentioned lubricant is easily spread over a wide range between the particles of the compacted compact by pressing the raw material powder.
- a sintered member 1 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
- the sintered member 1 is made of metal.
- One of the characteristics of the sintered member 1 of this embodiment is that it has a high relative density and also has at least one of a hole 2 of a specific size and a groove 3 of a specific size.
- the material of the sintered member 1 is metal.
- the metal is, for example, pure iron, an iron alloy, or a non-ferrous metal.
- Pure iron is iron with a purity of 99% or more. That is, pure iron is one in which the content of iron (Fe) is 99% by mass or more.
- An iron alloy is one that contains additive elements, with the remainder consisting of iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities. Iron alloys contain the most Fe. Additional elements contained in iron alloys include, for example, nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), carbon (C), silicon (Si), and aluminum (Al). , phosphorus (P), boron (B), nitrogen (N), and cobalt (Co).
- iron alloys include stainless steel, Fe-C alloy, Fe-Cu-Ni-Mo alloy, Fe-Ni-Mo-Mn alloy, Fe-P alloy, Fe-Cu alloy, Fe- Cu-C alloy, Fe-Cu-Mo alloy, Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu-C alloy, Fe-Ni-Cu alloy, Fe-Ni-Mo-C alloy, Fe-Ni-Cr alloy alloy, Fe-Ni-Mo-Cr alloy, Fe-Cr alloy, Fe-Mo-Cr alloy, Fe-Cr-C alloy, Fe-Ni-C alloy, or Fe-Mo-Mn-Cr - It is a C-based alloy.
- An example of stainless steel is austenitic stainless steel.
- austenitic stainless steel is SUS304 or SUS304L.
- the non-ferrous metal is, for example, copper, copper alloy, aluminum, or aluminum alloy.
- the composition of the sintered member 1 can be confirmed by performing a component analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
- ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- the relative density of the sintered member 1 is 95% or more.
- the sintered member 1 having a relative density of 95% or more has excellent mechanical properties such as strength.
- the relative density of the sintered member 1 may further be 96% or more, particularly 97% or more.
- the upper limit of the relative density of the sintered member 1 is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected within the range that can be manufactured.
- the relative density of the sintered member 1 may be, for example, 99.9% or less. That is, the relative density of the sintered member 1 may be 95% or more and 99.9% or less, further 96% or more and 99.9% or less, particularly 97% or more and 99.9% or less.
- the relative density of the sintered member 1 refers to the ratio (%) of the actual density of the sintered member 1 to the true density of the sintered member 1. That is, the relative density of the sintered member 1 is determined by [(actual density of the sintered member 1/true density of the sintered member 1) ⁇ 100]. The actual density of the sintered member 1 is determined by immersing the sintered member 1 in oil to impregnate the sintered member 1 with oil, and then calculating the density by [oil-impregnated density x (mass of sintered member 1 before oil impregnation/sintering after oil impregnation]). mass of the connecting member 1)].
- the oil-impregnated density is (mass of sintered member 1 after oil-impregnated/volume of sintered member 1 after oil-impregnated). That is, the actual density of the sintered member 1 can be determined by (mass of the sintered member 1 before oil impregnation/volume of the sintered member 1 after oil impregnation).
- the volume of the sintered member 1 after being impregnated with oil can typically be measured by a liquid displacement method.
- the true density of the sintered member 1 is the theoretical density determined from the composition of the sintered member 1 assuming that no voids are included inside.
- the hole 2 is a through hole or a blind hole.
- a blind hole has a bottom.
- the number of holes 2 is not particularly limited and can be selected as appropriate. When the number of hole portions 2 is plural, both through holes and blind holes may be provided.
- the hole 2 has a substantially uniform diameter in the direction along the depth of the hole 2.
- the diameter x1 (mm) and depth y1 (mm) of the hole 2 satisfy the following requirements (a1) to (a7). Details will be explained in Test Example 1 with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7. (a1) 0.05 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.08, y1>2.67x1+0.217 (a2) 0.08 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.1, y1>28.5x1-1.85 (a3) When 0.1 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.3, y1>10x1 (a4) When 0.3 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.8, y1>8x1+0.6 (a5) When 0.8 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1.5, y1>32.9x1-19.3 (a6) When 1.5 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 2.0, y1>20x1 (a7) When 2.0 ⁇ x1, y1>10x1+20
- the upper limit of the depth y1 (mm) with respect to the diameter x1 (mm) of the hole portion 2 depends on, for example, the critical diameter and critical length of the tool, or the critical size of the powder compact during the manufacturing process.
- commercially available drills used to form the hole 2 typically have L/D, which is the ratio of the drill groove length L (mm) to the drill diameter D (mm), of about 20 or less or 30 or less. It is. Although it depends on the diameter D and the material of the tool, it is said that the limit for L/D is 40 or less or 50 or less even for a special drill for drilling particularly deep holes.
- the upper limit of the depth y1 with respect to the diameter x1 of the hole portion 2 is at least 50 times the diameter x1 in any of the above (a1) to (a7).
- the number of grooves 3 is not particularly limited and can be selected as appropriate.
- the groove 3 has a substantially uniform width in the direction along the depth of the groove 3.
- the width x2 (mm) and depth y2 (mm) of the groove portion 3 satisfy the following requirements (b1) to (b3). Details will be explained in Test Example 2 with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. (b1) 0.05 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 0.2, y2>5x2+0.4 (b2) 0.2 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 0.5, y2>28.7x2-4.3 (b3) 0.5 ⁇ x2, y2>6x2+7
- the upper limit of the depth y2 (mm) with respect to the width x2 (mm) of the groove portion 3 depends on, for example, the maximum width of the tool or the maximum size of the powder compact during the manufacturing process.
- the sintered member 1 may have both the hole portion 2 and the groove portion 3.
- the method for producing a sintered member according to the embodiment includes a step A of preparing a raw material powder, a step B of producing a compacted powder, a step C of producing a processed body, and a step D of sintering the processed body. Equipped with One of the features of the method for manufacturing a sintered member is that in step A, a specific raw material powder is prepared, and in step C, at least one of a specific hole and groove is formed.
- the method for manufacturing a sintered member according to the embodiment manufactures the sintered member 1 described above.
- Step A Preparation of raw material powder
- raw material powder containing metal powder and lubricant is prepared.
- the raw material powder does not contain an organic binder.
- the metal powder is, for example, a ferrous powder or a non-ferrous powder.
- the iron-based powder is one type of powder selected from the group consisting of pure iron powder, ferrous alloy powder, first mixed powder, second mixed powder, third mixed powder, and fourth mixed powder.
- the pure iron constituting the pure iron powder has a purity of 99% or more.
- the types of ferrous alloys constituting the ferrous alloy powder are the above-mentioned iron alloys.
- the first mixed powder consists of pure iron powder and alloying element powder.
- the alloying element powder is the element powder that produces the above-mentioned iron alloy when Step D is performed.
- the alloying element is an element added to the above-mentioned iron alloy.
- the powder of the alloying element includes powder of the multiple types of additive elements.
- the second mixed powder consists of ferric alloy powder and carbon powder. Examples of ferric alloys constituting the ferric alloy powder include Fe-Cu alloy, Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu alloy, Fe-Ni-Mo alloy, Fe-Cr alloy, and Fe-Ni alloy. alloy, or Fe-Mo-Mn-Cr alloy.
- the third mixed powder consists of pure iron powder, powder of the alloying element described above, and ferrous alloy powder.
- the fourth mixed powder consists of pure iron powder, powder of the alloying element, ferric alloy powder, and carbon powder.
- Non-ferrous powder The non-ferrous powder is copper powder, copper alloy powder, aluminum powder, or aluminum alloy powder.
- the lubricant is a lubricant that spreads between a plurality of particles due to processing heat generated when the raw material powder is pressurized in step B.
- Such lubricants have melting points below 150°C.
- the melting point of the lubricant may further be below 110°C, especially below 85°C.
- the melting point of the lubricant is, for example, 50° C. or higher. That is, the melting point of the lubricant may be 50°C or more and 150°C or less, further 55°C or more and 110°C or less, particularly 60°C or more and 85°C or less.
- Examples of lubricants are stearic acid, erucamide, or stearamide. These lubricants tend to spread over a wide range between a plurality of particles due to the heat generated during processing in step B.
- the proportion of the lubricant contained in the raw material powder is, for example, 0.025% by mass or more and 0.2% by mass or less. If the above ratio is 0.025% by mass or more, the lubricant is likely to spread over a wide range between a plurality of particles due to the heat generated during processing in step B. Therefore, in step C, it is easy to form at least one of the hole portion and the groove portion. In particular, it is easy to form at least one of the plurality of holes and the plurality of grooves using the same tool. If the above ratio is 0.2% by mass or less, a dense powder compact will be easily produced in Step B.
- the above ratio may further be 0.04% by mass or more and 0.18% by mass or less.
- the above ratio is a value when the entire raw material powder is 100% by mass.
- Step B Preparation of powder compact
- the raw material powder is pressurized to produce a green compact having a relative density of 95% or more.
- the relative density may further be greater than or equal to 97%, particularly greater than or equal to 98%.
- the relative density of the powder compact is determined by [(actual density of the powder compact/true density of the powder compact) ⁇ 100].
- the significance of the actual density of the powder compact is the same as the density of the actual sintered member described above.
- the meaning of the true density of the powder compact is the same as the true density of the sintered member described above.
- the shape of the powder compact can be selected as appropriate and is not particularly limited.
- the shape of the powder compact is, for example, columnar or cylindrical. A powder compact is produced using an appropriate mold that can be molded into the above shape.
- the molding pressure is such that the relative density of the powder compact to be molded is 95% or more, and is high enough to generate enough heat to spread the lubricant between particles. That is, in this step, the lubricant spreads due to heat generated during molding.
- the mold is not heated by a heater to spread the lubricant.
- the molding pressure is, for example, 1560 MPa or more.
- the molding pressure may further be 1660 MPa or more, 1760 MPa or more, particularly 1860 MPa or 1960 MPa or more. There is no particular upper limit to the molding pressure.
- Step C Fabrication of processed body
- a processed body having at least one of a hole and a groove is produced by performing at least one of hole machining and groove machining on the powder compact.
- the relationship between the diameter x1 and the depth y1 of the hole to be formed is within the range described above.
- the relationship between the width x2 and the depth y2 of the groove to be formed is within the range described above. Since the lubricant is spread between the particles of the powder compact, at least one of the holes and grooves satisfying the above-mentioned range can be formed.
- An example of a tool for forming a hole is a drill. Hole drilling may be performed under wet conditions with either internal or external oil supply depending on the diameter of the drill.
- An example of a tool for forming grooves is a dicing blade, a metal saw, or a grooving tool.
- Step D Sintering of processed body
- the processed body is sintered.
- a sintered member 1 is manufactured by sintering the processed body.
- the processed body shrinks due to sintering.
- the relative density of the processed body is the same as that of the powder compact. That is, the relative density of the workpiece is high. Therefore, the amount of shrinkage of the processed body due to sintering is very small. Therefore, the relative density of the sintered member 1 is greater than the relative density of the processed body. That is, the relative density of the sintered member 1 is 95% or more.
- the sizes of the holes 2 and grooves 3 of the sintered member 1 are substantially the same as the sizes of the holes and grooves of the workpiece.
- Sintering conditions can be selected as appropriate depending on the composition of the raw material powder.
- the sintering temperature is, for example, 1100°C or more and 1400°C or less, and may also be 1200°C or more and 1300°C or less.
- the sintering time is, for example, 15 minutes or more and 150 minutes or less, and may also be 20 minutes or more and 60 minutes or less.
- known conditions can be applied as the sintering conditions.
- the method for manufacturing a sintered member may include at least one step of heat-treating the sintered member 1 ( ⁇ ) and finishing processing the sintered member 1 ( ⁇ ).
- Step ⁇ Heat treatment of sintered member
- the sintered member 1 is carburized, hardened and tempered.
- the mechanical properties of the sintered member 1, particularly the hardness and toughness, are likely to be improved by step ⁇ .
- step ⁇ Finishing of sintered parts
- the surface roughness of the sintered member 1 is reduced, and the dimensions of the sintered member 1 are adjusted to the design dimensions.
- An example of the finishing process is polishing the surface of the sintered member 1.
- Test Example 1 In Test Example 1, a sintered member having a hole was manufactured, and the relationship between the diameter x1 and the depth y1 of the hole was evaluated.
- Sample No. 1 to sample no. 7 Sample No. 1 to sample no. The sintered member No. 7 was manufactured by performing the above steps A to D in the same manner as the method for manufacturing the sintered member of the embodiment described above.
- step A raw material powder containing stainless steel powder and a lubricant was prepared.
- the composition of the stainless steel powder contained 16% by mass of Cr and 12% by mass of Ni, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the lubricant was stearic acid.
- the melting point of stearic acid is 69.3°C.
- the proportion of lubricant contained in the raw material powder was 0.1% by mass.
- step B the raw material powder was pressed to produce a compacted powder body.
- the molding pressure was 1960 MPa.
- the relative density of the produced powder compact was 99.5%.
- the relative density of the powder compact was determined by [(actual density of the powder compact/true density of the powder compact) ⁇ 100] as described above.
- step C a processed body having holes was produced by drilling holes in the powder compact.
- the diameters x1 of the holes formed in 7 were 0.05 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively.
- the diameter x1 of the hole was varied by changing the diameter of the drill.
- the hole machining was an MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) process in which cutting was performed while supplying a very small amount of cutting fluid together with a large amount of compressed gas.
- MQL Minimum Quantity Lubrication
- an external oil supply method was used as the cutting fluid supply method.
- the cutting fluid was supplied using an internal oil supply method.
- the processing conditions for each sample are as shown in Table 1.
- the hole in each sample was formed by step machining.
- Step machining is machining in which a hole is formed by alternately repeating forward movement of a drill and retreat of the drill.
- the step width in Table 1 refers to the depth of the hole drilled by one advance of the drill.
- the step width of 2 mm in Table 1 means that the following steps are performed.
- the powder compact is processed by the drill as the drill moves forward until the tip of the drill reaches a point 2 mm along the depth from the surface of the compact.
- the drill is retracted until the tip of the drill reaches from the bottom of the hole to the surface of the powder compact, or until it reaches behind the surface of the powder compact from the bottom of the hole.
- the drill is moved forward to process the powder compact with the drill until the tip of the drill reaches a point 2 mm along the depth from the bottom of the hole.
- the drill is moved backward until the tip of the drill reaches from the bottom of the hole to the surface of the powder compact, or until it reaches behind the surface of the powder compact from the bottom of the hole. In this way, the advance of the drill and the retreat of the drill are repeated alternately.
- the number of steps is the number of times the drill moves forward and backward until the depth y1 is reached. That is, when the step width is 2 mm and the depth y1 is 70 mm, the number of steps is 70 divided by 2, that is, 35 times.
- the value shown in the column of the relationship between the diameter x1 and the step width was obtained by dividing the diameter x1 by the step width.
- the value shown in the column of the relationship between diameter x1 and feed rate was obtained by dividing the feed rate by diameter x1.
- FIGS. 5 to 7 Graphs showing the relationship between the diameter x1 and the depth y1 of the hole in No. 7 are shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged graph of region A in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged graph of region B in FIG.
- the horizontal axis of the graphs in FIGS. 5 to 7 is the hole diameter x1 (mm).
- the vertical axis of the graphs in FIGS. 5 to 7 is the depth y1 (mm) of the hole.
- sample No. 1 to sample no. 7 results are indicated by circles.
- Sample No. In No. 1 a hole having a diameter x1 of 0.05 mm and a depth y1 of 0.4 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. 2 a hole having a diameter x1 of 0.08 mm and a depth y1 of 0.8 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. 3 a hole having a diameter x1 of 0.1 mm and a depth y1 of 3.3 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. In No. 4 a hole having a diameter x1 of 0.3 mm and a depth y1 of 6.0 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. In No. 5 a hole having a diameter x1 of 0.8 mm and a depth y1 of 15.0 mm could be formed.
- step D a sintered member was produced by heating the workpiece having the hole to remove the lubricant, and sintering the workpiece from which the lubricant was removed.
- the lubricant was removed from the workpiece by increasing the temperature from 100°C to 250°C.
- the workpiece from which the lubricant had been removed was held at 1100° C. for 60 minutes.
- the sintering atmosphere was a vacuum atmosphere.
- the relative density of the produced sintered member was 96.2%.
- the relative density of the powder compact was determined by [(actual density of sintered member/true density of sintered member) ⁇ 100] as described above.
- the diameter x1 and depth y1 of the hole in the manufactured sintered member were substantially the same as the diameter x1 and depth y1 of the hole in the processed body.
- Sample No. Sample No. 101 to 108 Sample No. Sample No. 101 to The sintered members No. 107 were each sample No. 1 except that no lubricant was used in step A. 1 to sample no. 7, respectively. Sample No. The sintered member No. 108 was the same as sample No. 108, except that the diameter x1 of the hole formed in step C was 3.0 mm. It was manufactured in the same manner as No. 107.
- Sample No. The diameter x1 of the hole in No. 101 was 0.05 mm, and the limit of the depth y1 of the hole was 0.35 mm.
- Sample No. The diameter x1 of the hole in No. 102 was 0.08 mm, and the limit of the depth y1 of the hole was 0.43 mm.
- Sample No. The diameter x1 of the hole 103 was 0.1 mm, and the limit of the depth y1 of the hole was 1.0 mm.
- Sample No. The diameter x1 of the hole 104 was 0.3 mm, and the limit of the depth y1 of the hole was 3.0 mm.
- the 105 was 0.8 mm, and the limit of the depth y1 of the hole was 7.0 mm.
- Sample No. The diameter x1 of the hole 106 was 1.5 mm, and the limit of the depth y1 of the hole was 30.0 mm.
- Sample No. The diameter x1 of the hole 107 was 2.0 mm, and the limit of the depth y1 of the hole was 40.0 mm.
- Sample No. The diameter x1 of the hole 108 was 3.0 mm, and the limit of the depth y1 of the hole was 50.0 mm.
- the limit of the depth y1 here refers to the maximum depth at which the drill can be machined without breaking at the diameter x1.
- Slope and intercept values are rounded.
- Sample No. shown in FIG. 106 points and sample no.
- a sintered member having holes manufactured using a raw material powder containing a lubricant having a melting point of 150° C. or less satisfies the following requirements (a1) to (a7).
- 0.1 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.3, y1>10x1 (a4)
- 0.3 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.8, y1>8x1+0.6 (a5)
- 0.8 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1.5, y1>32.9x1-19.3 (a6)
- 1.5 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 2.0, y1>20x1 (a7) When 2.0 ⁇ x1, y1>10x1+20
- the sintered member having holes manufactured using a raw material powder containing a lubricant having a melting point of 150° C. or less also satisfies the following requirements (a51) to (a56).
- Test Example 2 In Test Example 2, a sintered member having a groove was manufactured, and the relationship between the width x2 and the depth y2 of the groove was evaluated.
- Sample No. 21 to sample no. 25 Sample No. 21 to sample no. The sintered member No. 25 was the same as sample No. 25, except that in step C, a processed body having grooves was fabricated by grooving the powder compact. It was manufactured in the same manner as 1.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are enlarged graph of region C in FIG.
- the horizontal axis of the graphs in FIGS. 8 and 9 is the groove width x2 (mm).
- the vertical axis of the graphs in FIGS. 8 and 9 is the depth y2 (mm) of the groove.
- sample No. 21 to sample no. 25 results are indicated by circles.
- a groove portion having a width x2 of 0.05 mm and a depth y2 of 0.7 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. In No. 22 a groove portion having a width x2 of 0.1 mm and a depth y2 of 1.0 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. 23 a groove portion having a width x2 of 0.2 mm and a depth y2 of 1.6 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. In No. 24 a groove portion having a width x2 of 0.3 mm and a depth y2 of 9.0 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. In No. 25 a groove portion having a width x2 of 0.5 mm and a depth y2 of 19.0 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. Sample No. 201 to 207 Sample No. Sample No. 201 to Each of the sintered members No. 205 was the same as sample No. 205, except that no lubricant was used in step A. 21 to sample no. 25, respectively.
- Sintered member No. 207 is the same as sample No. 207, except that the width x2 of the groove formed in step C is 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm, respectively. It was manufactured in the same manner as No. 205. Grooves with a width x2 of 1.5 mm or 3.0 mm were formed using a grooving tool.
- Sample No. The width x2 of the groove portion of No. 201 was 0.05 mm, and the limit of the depth y2 of the groove portion was 0.65 mm.
- Sample No. The width x2 of the groove portion of No. 202 was 0.1 mm, and the limit of the depth y2 of the groove portion was 0.9 mm.
- Sample No. The width x2 of the groove portion of No. 203 was 0.2 mm, and the limit of the depth y2 of the groove portion was 1.4 mm.
- Sample No. The width x2 of the groove portion of No. 204 was 0.3 mm, and the limit of the depth y2 of the groove portion was 3.0 mm.
- the 205 was 0.5 mm, and the limit of the depth y2 of the groove portion was 10.0 mm.
- Sample No. The width x2 of the groove portion of No. 206 was 1.5 mm, and the limit of the depth y2 of the groove portion was 15.0 mm.
- Sample No. The width x2 of the groove portion of No. 207 was 3.0 mm, and the limit of the depth y2 of the groove portion was 25.0 mm.
- the limit of the depth y2 here refers to the limit depth at which the tool can be machined without breaking in the width x2.
- Sample No. 21 to sample no. 25 and sample no. Sample No. 201 to 205 samples having the same groove width x2 are compared. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, regardless of the width x2, sample No. 21 to sample no. The depth y2 of each sample No. 25 is higher than that of sample No. 25. Sample No. 201 to It can be seen that the depth is greater than the depth y2 of each of 205.
- a sintered member having a groove portion manufactured using a raw material powder containing a lubricant having a melting point of 150° C. or less satisfies the following requirements (b1) to (b3).
- Sample No. shown in FIG. 21 points and sample no. 22 points and sample no.
- Sample No. shown in FIG. 23 points and sample No. 23 shown in FIG.
- Sample No. shown in FIG. 24 points and sample no.
- a sintered member having a groove portion manufactured using a raw material powder containing a lubricant having a melting point of 150° C. or less satisfies the following requirements (b51) to (b54).
- (b51) 0.05 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 0.2, y2 6x2+0.4
- 0.5 ⁇ x2, y2 6x2+16
- Test Example 3 In Test Example 3, the number of holes that could be formed with the same drill was evaluated.
- Sample No. 31 to sample no. 34 Sample No. 301 to sample no. 304
- Sample No. 31 to sample no. The sintered member No. 34 is the same as sample No. 34 except that the diameter of the hole formed in the powder compact in step C is different. It was manufactured in the same manner as 1.
- Each of the sintered members No. 304 was the same as sample No. 304, except that no lubricant was used in step A. 31 to sample no. It was manufactured in the same manner as No. 34.
- the diameters of the holes formed in 34 are 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, and 1.0 mm, respectively.
- the diameters of the holes formed in 304 are 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, and 1.0 mm, respectively.
- the cutting fluid was supplied using an external oil supply method.
- the cutting fluid was supplied using an internal oil supply method.
- the depth of the holes formed in each sample was the same.
- Sample No. In No. 31 the number of holes having a diameter of 0.4 mm could be formed was 20.
- Sample No. In No. 32 the number of holes having a diameter of 0.6 mm could be formed was 20.
- Sample No. In No. 33 the number of holes with a diameter of 0.8 mm was 20.
- Sample No. In No. 34 the number of holes having a diameter of 1.0 mm could be formed was 20.
- Sample No. In No. 301 the number of holes having a diameter of 0.4 mm could be formed was zero.
- Sample No. In No. 302 only one hole having a diameter of 0.6 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. In No. 303 eight holes with a diameter of 0.8 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. In No. 304 18 holes with a diameter of 1.0 mm could be formed.
- Sample No. 31 to sample no. 34 and sample no. 301 to sample no. 304 samples having the same hole diameter are compared.
- the smaller the diameter of the hole formed the better it is when the raw material powder contains a lubricant with a melting point of 150°C or less, and the better when the raw material powder does not contain a lubricant with a melting point of over 150°C. In comparison, it was found that a large number of holes can be formed.
- Test Example 4 In Test Example 4, a drill with a particularly long groove was prepared and the upper limit of the hole depth was evaluated.
- sample No. 41 to sample no. 44 The sintered members of each sample were the same as sample No. 1, except that the processing conditions in step C were as shown in Table 2. It was manufactured in the same manner as 1.
- Sample No. 41 a drill having a groove length L of 30 mm, a diameter D of 0.6 mm, and L/D of 50 was used to form the hole.
- Sample No. 42 a drill having a groove length L of 40 mm, a diameter D of 0.8 mm, and an L/D ratio of 50 was used to form the hole.
- Sample No. In No. 43 a drill having a groove length L of 40 mm, a diameter D of 1.0 mm, and an L/D ratio of 40 was used to form the hole.
- Sample No. 44 a drill having a groove length L of 50 mm, a diameter D of 1.0 mm, and an L/D ratio of 50 was used to form the hole.
- sample No. 41 to sample no. 44 results are indicated by circles.
- Test Examples 1 and 4 revealed the following.
- a hole portion in which the depth y1 is larger than the diameter x1 is easily formed by step machining.
- the upper limit of the number of steps is not particularly limited, and may be set to a number that does not make the machining time too long.
- the step width is preferably set to a smaller value as the diameter x1 becomes smaller.
- the step width may be, for example, less than or equal to the diameter x1.
- the step width may be less than or equal to 1/2 times the diameter x1, and further may be less than or equal to 1/5 times the diameter x1.
- the feed rate is preferably 250 times the diameter x1 or less.
- a sintered member made of metal The relative density is 95% or more, It has a hole whose diameter x1 (mm) and depth y1 (mm) satisfy the following requirements ( ⁇ 1) to ( ⁇ 4), Sintered parts. ( ⁇ 1) 0.1 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.3, 50x1 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 10x1+2 ( ⁇ 2) 0.3 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.8, 50x1 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 20x1-1 ( ⁇ 3) 0.8 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1.5, 50x1 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 50x1-25 ( ⁇ 4) When 1.5 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 2.0, 50x1 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 40x1-10
- the sintered member of Supplementary Note 1 has a hole whose depth is larger than its diameter.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2022年04月25日付の日本国出願の特願2022-071901に基づく優先権を主張し、前記日本国出願に記載された全ての記載内容を援用するものである。
金属からなる焼結部材であって、
相対密度が95%以上であり、
径x1(mm)と深さy1(mm)とが以下の要件(a1)から要件(a7)を満たす穴部、および幅x2(mm)と深さy2(mm)とが以下の要件(b1)から要件(b3)を満たす溝部の少なくとも一方を有する。
(a1)0.05≦x1<0.08において、y1>2.67x1+0.217
(a2)0.08≦x1<0.1において、y1>28.5x1-1.85
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、y1>20x1
(a7)2.0≦x1において、y1>10x1+20
(b1)0.05≦x2<0.2おいて、y2>5x2+0.4
(b2)0.2≦x2<0.5において、y2>28.7x2-4.3
(b3)0.5≦x2において、y2>6x2+7
金属粉末と潤滑剤とを含む原料粉末を準備する工程と、
前記原料粉末を加圧して相対密度が95%以上である圧粉成形体を作製する工程と、
前記圧粉成形体に穴加工および溝加工の少なくとも一方の切削加工を施すことによって、径x1(mm)と深さy1(mm)とが以下の要件(a1)から要件(a7)を満たす穴部、および幅x2(mm)と深さy2(mm)とが以下の要件(b1)から要件(b3)を満たす溝部の少なくとも一方を有する加工体を作製する工程と、
前記加工体を焼結する工程と、を備え、
前記原料粉末に含まれる前記潤滑剤の割合が0.025質量%以上0.2質量%以下であり、
前記潤滑剤の融点は150℃以下である。
(a1)0.05≦x1<0.08において、y1>2.67x1+0.217
(a2)0.08≦x1<0.1において、y1>28.5x1-1.85
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、y1>20x1
(a7)2.0≦x1において、y1>10x1+20
(b1)0.05≦x2<0.2おいて、y2>5x2+0.4
(b2)0.2≦x2<0.5において、y2>28.7x2-4.3
(b3)0.5≦x2において、y2>6x2+7
径に対して深さが大きい穴部、または幅に対して深さが大きい溝部を有する焼結部材の製造が望まれている。
本開示の焼結部材は、径に対して深さが大きい穴部、または幅に対して深さが大きい溝部を有する。本開示の焼結部材の製造方法は、本開示の焼結部材を製造できる。
最初に本開示の実施態様を列記して説明する。
金属からなる焼結部材であって、
相対密度が95%以上であり、
径x1(mm)と深さy1(mm)とが以下の要件(a1)から要件(a7)を満たす穴部、および幅x2(mm)と深さy2(mm)とが以下の要件(b1)から要件(b3)を満たす溝部の少なくとも一方を有する。
(a1)0.05≦x1<0.08において、y1>2.67x1+0.217
(a2)0.08≦x1<0.1において、y1>28.5x1-1.85
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、y1>20x1
(a7)2.0≦x1において、y1>10x1+20
(b1)0.05≦x2<0.2おいて、y2>5x2+0.4
(b2)0.2≦x2<0.5において、y2>28.7x2-4.3
(b3)0.5≦x2において、y2>6x2+7
前記金属は、純鉄または鉄合金であってもよい。
前記金属は、ステンレス鋼であってもよい。
金属粉末と潤滑剤とを含む原料粉末を準備する工程と、
前記原料粉末を加圧して相対密度が95%以上である圧粉成形体を作製する工程と、
前記圧粉成形体に穴加工および溝加工の少なくとも一方の切削加工を施すことによって、径x1(mm)と深さy1(mm)とが以下の要件(a1)から要件(a7)を満たす穴部、および幅x2(mm)と深さy2(mm)とが以下の要件(b1)から要件(b3)を満たす溝部の少なくとも一方を有する加工体を作製する工程と、
前記加工体を焼結する工程と、を備え、
前記原料粉末に含まれる前記潤滑剤の割合が0.025質量%以上0.2質量%以下であり、
前記潤滑剤の融点は150℃以下である。
(a1)0.05≦x1<0.08において、y1>2.67x1+0.217
(a2)0.08≦x1<0.1において、y1>28.5x1-1.85
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、y1>20x1
(a7)2.0≦x1において、y1>10x1+20
(b1)0.05≦x2<0.2おいて、y2>5x2+0.4
(b2)0.2≦x2<0.5において、y2>28.7x2-4.3
(b3)0.5≦x2において、y2>6x2+7
前記潤滑剤は、ステアリン酸、エルカ酸アミド、またはステアリン酸アミドであってもよい。
本開示の実施形態を図面に基づいて以下に説明する。図中の同一符号は同一名称物を示す。各図面が示す部材の大きさは、説明を明確にする目的で表現されており、必ずしも実際の寸法関係を表すものではない。
〔焼結部材〕
図1から図4を参照して、実施形態の焼結部材1を説明する。焼結部材1は、金属からなる。本実施形態の焼結部材1の特徴の一つは、相対密度が高い上に、特定のサイズの穴部2、および特定のサイズの溝部3の少なくとも一方を有する点にある。
焼結部材1の材質は、金属である。金属は、例えば、純鉄、鉄合金、または非鉄金属である。
焼結部材1の相対密度は95%以上である。相対密度が95%以上である焼結部材1は、強度等の機械的特性に優れる。焼結部材1の相対密度は、更に96%以上、特に97%以上であってもよい。焼結部材1の相対密度の上限は特に限定されず製造できる範囲で適宜選択できる。焼結部材1の相対密度は、例えば99.9%以下であってもよい。即ち、焼結部材1の相対密度は95%以上99.9%以下、更に96%以上99.9%以下、特に97%以上99.9%以下であってもよい。
穴部2は、貫通孔または止まり穴である。止まり穴は底を有する。穴部2の数は特に限定されず適宜選択できる。穴部2の数が複数である場合、貫通孔と止まり穴の両方が設けられていてもよい。穴部2は、穴部2の深さに沿った方向に実質的に一様な径を有する。
(a1)0.05≦x1<0.08において、y1>2.67x1+0.217
(a2)0.08≦x1<0.1において、y1>28.5x1-1.85
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、y1>20x1
(a7)2.0≦x1において、y1>10x1+20
溝部3の数は特に限定されず適宜選択できる。溝部3は、溝部3の深さに沿った方向に実質的に一様な幅を有する。
(b1)0.05≦x2<0.2おいて、y2>5x2+0.4
(b2)0.2≦x2<0.5において、y2>28.7x2-4.3
(b3)0.5≦x2において、y2>6x2+7
実施形態に係る焼結部材の製造方法は、原料粉末を準備する工程Aと、圧粉成形体を作製する工程Bと、加工体を作製する工程Cと、加工体を焼結する工程Dとを備える。焼結部材の製造方法の特徴の一つは、工程Aで特定の原料粉末を準備し、工程Cで特定の穴部および溝部の少なくとも一方を形成することにある。実施形態に係る焼結部材の製造方法は、上述した焼結部材1を製造する。
工程Aでは、金属粉末と潤滑剤とを含む原料粉末が準備される。原料粉末は有機バインダーを含有しない。金属粉末は、例えば、鉄系粉末、または非鉄系粉末である。
鉄系粉末は、純鉄粉、第一鉄合金粉末、第一混合粉末、第二混合粉末、第三混合粉末、および第四混合粉末からなる群より選択される1種の粉末である。純鉄粉を構成する純鉄は、上述の通り純度が99%以上である。第一鉄合金粉末を構成する第一鉄合金の種類は、上述した鉄合金である。第一混合粉末は、純鉄粉と合金化元素の粉末とからなる。合金化元素の粉末とは、工程Dを行った際、上述した鉄合金を作製する元素の粉末である。合金化元素は、上述した鉄合金の添加元素である。製造される焼結部材1が複数種の添加元素を含む鉄合金からなる場合、合金化元素の粉末は複数種の添加元素の粉末を含む。第二混合粉末は、第二鉄合金粉末と炭素粉末とからなる。第二鉄合金粉末を構成する第二鉄合金の一例は、Fe-Cu系合金、Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu系合金、Fe-Ni-Mo系合金、Fe-Cr系合金、Fe-Ni系合金、またはFe-Mo-Mn-Cr系合金である。第三混合粉末は、純鉄粉と上記合金化元素の粉末と第一鉄合金粉末とからなる。第四混合粉末は、純鉄粉と上記合金化元素の粉末と第二鉄合金粉末と炭素粉末とからなる。
非鉄系粉末は、銅粉、銅合金粉、アルミニウム粉、またはアルミニウム合金粉である。
潤滑剤は、工程Bにおいて原料粉末を加圧した際の加工発熱によって、複数の粒子同士の間に展延する潤滑剤である。そのような潤滑剤は、150℃以下の融点を有する。潤滑剤の融点は、更に110℃以下、特に85℃以下であってもよい。潤滑剤の融点は、例えば50℃以上である。即ち、潤滑剤の融点は、50℃以上150℃以下、更に55℃以上110℃以下、特に60℃以上85℃以下であってもよい。潤滑剤の具体例は、ステアリン酸、エルカ酸アミド、またはステアリン酸アミドである。これらの潤滑剤は、工程Bでの加工発熱によって複数の粒子同士の間の広範囲に展延し易い。
工程Bでは、原料粉末が加圧されて95%以上の相対密度を有する圧粉成形体が作製される。相対密度は、更に97%以上、特に98%以上であってもよい。圧粉成形体の相対密度は、[(実際の圧粉成形体の密度/圧粉成形体の真密度)×100]によって求められる。実際の圧粉成形体の密度の意義は上述した実際の焼結部材の密度と同様である。圧粉成形体の真密度の意義は上述した焼結部材の真密度と同様である。圧粉成形体の形状は、適宜選択でき、特に限定されない。圧粉成形体の形状は、例えば柱状または筒状である。上記形状に成形できる適宜な金型によって圧粉成形体が作製される。
工程Cでは、圧粉成形体に穴加工および溝加工の少なくとも一方の切削加工が施されることによって、穴部および溝部の少なくとも一方を有する加工体が作製される。形成される穴部の径x1と深さy1の関係は上述した範囲の通りである。形成される溝部の幅x2と深さy2の関係は上述した範囲の通りである。圧粉成形体の粒子同士の間には潤滑剤が展延しているため、上述した範囲を満たす穴部および溝部の少なくとも一方を形成できる。穴部を形成する工具の一例は、ドリルである。穴加工は、ドリルの径に応じて内部給油または外部給油のいずれの湿式条件で行ってもよい。溝部を形成する工具の一例は、ダイシングブレード、メタルソー、または溝入れ工具である。
工程Dでは、加工体が焼結される。加工体の焼結によって焼結部材1が製造される。焼結により加工体が収縮する。加工体の相対密度は圧粉成形体の相対密度と同じである。即ち、加工体の相対密度が高い。そのため、焼結による加工体の収縮量は非常に小さい。よって、焼結部材1の相対密度は、加工体の相対密度以上となる。即ち、焼結部材1の相対密度は95%以上である。焼結部材1の穴部2および溝部3のサイズは、加工体の穴部および溝部のサイズが実質的に維持される。焼結条件は、原料粉末の組成に応じて適宜選択できる。焼結温度は、例えば1100℃以上1400℃以下であり、更に1200℃以上1300℃以下であってもよい。焼結時間は、例えば15分以上150分以下であり、更に20分以上60分以下であってもよい。焼結条件は、公知の条件を適用できる。
焼結部材の製造方法は、焼結部材1を熱処理する工程αおよび焼結部材1を仕上げ加工する工程βの少なくとも一つの工程を備えていてもよい。
工程αでは、焼結部材1に浸炭焼入れ・焼戻しを行なう。工程αによって焼結部材1の機械的特性、特に硬度および靭性が向上し易い。
工程βでは、焼結部材1の表面粗さを小さくすると共に、焼結部材1の寸法を設計寸法に合わせる。仕上げ加工の一例は、焼結部材1の表面への研磨加工である。
試験例1では、穴部を有する焼結部材を製造し、穴部の径x1と深さy1の関係を評価した。
試料No.1から試料No.7の焼結部材は、上述した実施形態の焼結部材の製造方法と同様、上記工程Aから上記工程Dを行って製造した。
工程Aでは、ステンレス鋼粉と潤滑剤とを含む原料粉末を準備した。ステンレス鋼粉の組成は、16質量%のCrと12質量%のNiとを含み、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物であった。潤滑剤はステアリン酸であった。ステアリン酸の融点は69.3℃である。原料粉末に含まれる潤滑剤の割合は0.1質量%であった。
工程Bでは、上記原料粉末を加圧して圧粉成形体を作製した。成形圧力は、1960MPaであった。
工程Cでは、圧粉成形体を穴加工することによって穴部を有する加工体を作製した。試料No.1から試料No.7において形成される穴部の径x1はそれぞれ、0.05mm、0.08mm、0.1mm、0.3mm、0.8mm、1.5mm、2.0mmとした。
試料No.2では、径x1が0.08mmであり、深さy1が0.8mmである穴部を形成できた。
試料No.3では、径x1が0.1mmであり、深さy1が3.3mmである穴部を形成できた。
試料No.4では、径x1が0.3mmであり、深さy1が6.0mmである穴部を形成できた。
試料No.5では、径x1が0.8mmであり、深さy1が15.0mmである穴部を形成できた。
試料No.6では、径x1が1.5mmであり、深さy1が50.0mmである穴部を形成できた。
試料No.7では、径x1が2.0mmであり、深さy1が70.0mmである穴部を形成できた。
各試料では、20個の上記穴部を連続して形成することができた。
工程Dでは、穴部を有する加工体を加熱して潤滑剤を除去し、潤滑剤が除去された加工体を焼結することで焼結部材を作製した。100℃以上250℃以下に昇温することで、加工体から潤滑剤を除去した。潤滑剤が除去された加工体を1100℃で60分保持した。焼結雰囲気は真空雰囲気であった。
試料No.101から試料No.107の焼結部材はそれぞれ、工程Aにおいて潤滑剤を用いない点を除き、試料No.1から試料No.7のそれぞれと同様にして製造した。試料No.108の焼結部材は、工程Cで形成される穴部の径x1を3.0mmとした点を除き、試料No.107と同様にして製造した。
試料No.102の穴部の径x1は0.08mmであり、穴部の深さy1の限界は0.43mmであった。
試料No.103の穴部の径x1は0.1mmであり、穴部の深さy1の限界は1.0mmであった。
試料No.104の穴部の径x1は0.3mmであり、穴部の深さy1の限界は3.0mmであった。
試料No.105の穴部の径x1は0.8mmであり、穴部の深さy1の限界は7.0mmであった。
試料No.106の穴部の径x1は1.5mmであり、穴部の深さy1の限界は30.0mmであった。
試料No.107の穴部の径x1は2.0mmであり、穴部の深さy1の限界は40.0mmであった。
試料No.108の穴部の径x1は3.0mmであり、穴部の深さy1の限界は50.0mmであった。
ここでいう深さy1の限界とは、径x1においてドリルが折損することなく加工できる限界の深さをいう。
試料No.1から試料No.7と試料No.101から試料No.107とにおいて穴部の径x1が同じである試料同士を比較する。図5から図7に示すように、いずれの径x1であっても、試料No.1から試料No.7のそれぞれの深さy1の方が試料No.101から試料No.107のそれぞれの深さy1よりも大きいことがわかる。
図6に示す試料No.102の点と試料No.103の点とを結ぶ直線L2は、y1=28.5x1-1.85である。
図6に示す試料No.103の点と図5に示す試料No.104の点とを結ぶ直線L3は、y1=10x1である。
図5に示す試料No.104の点と試料No.105の点とを結ぶ直線L4は、y1=8x1+0.6である。
図5に示す試料No.105の点と試料No.106の点とを結ぶ直線L5は、y1=32.9x1-19.3である。傾きと切片の数値は丸められている。
図5に示す試料No.106の点と試料No.107の点とを結ぶ直線L6は、y1=20x1である。
図5に示す試料No.107の点と試料No.108の点とを結ぶ直線L7は、y1=10x1+20である。
(a1)0.05≦x1<0.08において、y1>2.67x1+0.217
(a2)0.08≦x1<0.1において、y1>28.5x1-1.85
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、y1>20x1
(a7)2.0≦x1において、y1>10x1+20
図6に示す試料No.2の点と試料No.3の点とを結ぶ直線L9は、y1=125x1-9.2である。傾きと切片の数値は丸められている。
図6に示す試料No.3の点と図5に示す試料No.4の点とを結ぶ直線L10は、y1=13.5x1+1.95である。
図5に示す試料No.4の点と試料No.5の点とを結ぶ直線L11は、y1=18x1+0.6である。
図5に示す試料No.5の点と試料No.6の点とを結ぶ直線L12は、y1=50x1-25である。
図5に示す試料No.6の点と試料No.7の点とを結ぶ直線L13は、y1=40x1-10である。
図5に示す試料No.7を通り、直線L7に平行な直線L14は、y1=10x1+50である。
(a51)0.05≦x1<0.08において、y1=13.3x1+0.267
(a52)0.08≦x1<0.1において、y1=125x1-9.2
(a53)0.1≦x1<0.3において、y1=13.5x1+1.95
(a54)0.3≦x1<0.8において、y1=18x1+0.6
(a55)0.8≦x1<1.5において、y1=50x1-25
(a56)1.5≦x1<2.0において、y1=40x1-10
(a57)2.0≦x1において、y1=10x1+50
試験例2では、溝部を有する焼結部材を製造し、溝部の幅x2と深さy2の関係を評価した。
試料No.21から試料No.25の焼結部材は、工程Cで圧粉成形体を溝加工することで溝部を有する加工体を作製した点を除き、試料No.1と同様にして製造した。
試料No.21から試料No.25において形成される溝部の幅x2はそれぞれ、0.05mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.5mmとした。幅x2が0.05mmまたは0.1mmの溝部はダイシングブレードによって形成した。幅x2が0.2mm、0.3mm、0.5mmの溝部はメタルソーによって形成した。
試料No.22では、幅x2が0.1mmであり、深さy2が1.0mmである溝部を形成できた。
試料No.23では、幅x2が0.2mmであり、深さy2が1.6mmである溝部を形成できた。
試料No.24では、幅x2が0.3mmであり、深さy2が9.0mmである溝部を形成できた。
試料No.25では、幅x2が0.5mmであり、深さy2が19.0mmである溝部を形成できた。
試料No.201から試料No.205の焼結部材はそれぞれ、工程Aにおいて潤滑剤を用いない点を除き、試料No.21から試料No.25のそれぞれと同様にして製造した。試料No.206と試料No.207の焼結部材はそれぞれ、工程Cで形成される溝部の幅x2を1.5mm、3.0mmとした点を除き、試料No.205と同様にして製造した。幅x2が1.5mm、または3.0mmの溝部は溝入れ工具によって形成した。
試料No.202の溝部の幅x2は0.1mmであり、溝部の深さy2の限界は0.9mmであった。
試料No.203の溝部の幅x2は0.2mmであり、溝部の深さy2の限界は1.4mmであった。
試料No.204の溝部の幅x2は0.3mmであり、溝部の深さy2の限界は3.0mmであった。
試料No.205の溝部の幅x2は0.5mmであり、溝部の深さy2の限界は10.0mmであった。
試料No.206の溝部の幅x2は1.5mmであり、溝部の深さy2の限界は15.0mmであった。
試料No.207の溝部の幅x2は3.0mmであり、溝部の深さy2の限界は25.0mmであった。
ここでいう深さy2の限界とは、幅x2において工具が折損することなく加工できる限界の深さをいう。
試料No.21から試料No.25と試料No.201から試料No.205とにおいて溝部の幅x2が同じである試料同士を比較する。図8および図9に示すように、いずれの幅x2であっても、試料No.21から試料No.25のそれぞれの深さy2の方が試料No.201から試料No.205のそれぞれの深さy2よりも大きいことがわかる。
図9に示す試料No.203の点と図8に示す試料No.205の点とを結ぶ直線L222は、y2=28.7x2-4.3である。傾きと切片の数値は丸められている。
図8に示す試料No.205の点と試料No.207の点とを結ぶ直線L23は、y2=6x2+7である。
(b1)0.05≦x2<0.2おいて、y2>5x2+0.4
(b2)0.2≦x2<0.5において、y2>28.7x2-4.3
(b3)0.5≦x2において、y2>6x2+7
図9に示す試料No.23の点と図8に示す試料No.24の点とを結ぶ直線L25は、y2=74x2-13.2である。
図8に示す試料No.24の点と試料No.25の点とを結ぶ直線L26は、y2=50x2-6である。
図8に示す試料No.25を通り、直線L23に平行な直線L27は、y2=6x2+16である。
(b51)0.05≦x2<0.2において、y2=6x2+0.4
(b52)0.2≦x2<0.3において、y2=74x2-13.2
(b53)0.3≦x2<0.5において、y2=50x2-6
(b54)0.5≦x2において、y2=6x2+16
試験例3では、同一のドリルで形成できる穴部の数を評価した。
試料No.31から試料No.34の焼結部材は、工程Cで圧粉成形体に形成した穴部の径が異なる点を除き、試料No.1と同様にして製造した。試料No.301から試料No.304の焼結部材はそれぞれ、工程Aにおいて潤滑剤を用いない点を除き、試料No.31から試料No.34と同様にして製造した。
試料No.31から試料No.34において形成される穴部の径はそれぞれ0.4mm、0.6mm、0.8mm、1.0mmである。試料No.301から試料No.304において形成される穴部の径はそれぞれ0.4mm、0.6mm、0.8mm、1.0mmである。径が0.4mmまたは0.6mmの穴部を形成する際、切削油剤の供給方式は外部給油方式とした。径が0.8mmまたは1.0mmの穴部を形成する際、切削油剤の供給方式は内部給油方式とした。各試料で形成される穴部の深さは互いに同一とした。
各試料において、同一のドリルで形成できた穴部を数えた。形成できた穴部の数が20個になった時点で穴加工を止めた。20個未満の数値は、ドリルが折損することなく形成できた穴部の数を示している。
試料No.32では、径が0.6mmである穴部を形成できた数は20個であった。
試料No.33では、径が0.8mmである穴部を形成できた数は20個であった。
試料No.34では、径が1.0mmである穴部を形成できた数は20個であった。
試料No.302では、径が0.6mmである穴部を形成できた数は1個であった。
試料No.303では、径が0.8mmである穴部を形成できた数は8個であった。
試料No.304では、径が1.0mmである穴部を形成できた数は18個であった。
試験例4では、特別に溝長の長いドリルを準備し、穴部の深さの上限を評価した。
各試料の焼結部材は、工程Cでの加工条件を表2に示す通りとした点を除き、試料No.1と同様にして製造した。
試料No.41において穴部の形成には、溝長Lが30mm、直径Dが0.6mm、L/Dが50であるドリルを用いた。試料No.42において穴部の形成には、溝長Lが40mm、直径Dが0.8mm、L/Dが50であるドリルを用いた。試料No.43において穴部の形成には、溝長Lが40mm、直径Dが1.0mm、L/Dが40であるドリルを用いた。試料No.44において穴部の形成には、溝長Lが50mm、直径Dが1.0mm、L/Dが50であるドリルを用いた。図5のグラフには、試料No.41から試料No.44の結果が丸印で示されている。
各試料において、同一のドリルによって320個の穴部を連続して形成できた。穴部の形成の過程において、ドリルの折損や加工における他の問題が生じなかった。この結果から、穴部の深さy1の上限は工具としてのドリルが得られるか否かによる制約で決まっていることが推定できる。少なくとも、実証した範囲においてy1/x1≧50の穴部が得られることが確認出来た。今回の結果から、ドリルさえ得られればy1/x1=60、さらにy1/x1=80、特にy1/x1=100程度の穴部を形成できると考えられる。
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、50x1≧y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、50x1≧y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、50x1≧y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、50x1≧y1>20x1
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、80x1≧y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、80x1≧y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、80x1≧y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、80x1≧y1>20x1
径x1に対して深さy1が大きい穴部は、ステップ加工によって形成し易い。
ステップ回数の上限は、特に限定されることなく加工時間が長くなり過ぎない回数とすればよい。
ステップ幅は、径x1が小さいほど、小さい値とするとよい。ステップ幅は、例えば、径x1以下であるとよい。ステップ幅は、径x1の1/2倍以下であってもよく、さらに径x1の1/5倍以下であってもよい。
送り速度は、径x1の250倍以下であるとよい。
金属からなる焼結部材であって、
相対密度が95%以上であり、
径x1(mm)と深さy1(mm)とが以下の要件(α1)から要件(α4)を満たす穴部を有する、
焼結部材。
(α1)0.1≦x1<0.3において、50x1≧y1≧10x1+2
(α2)0.3≦x1<0.8において、50x1≧y1≧20x1-1
(α3)0.8≦x1<1.5において、50x1≧y1≧50x1-25
(α4)1.5≦x1<2.0において、50x1≧y1≧40x1-10
2 穴部
3 溝部
x1 径
y1 深さ
x2 幅
y2 深さ
A、B、C 領域
L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6、L7 直線
L8、L9、L10、L11、L12、L13、L14 直線
L21、L22、L23 直線
L24、L25、L26、L27 直線
Claims (5)
- 金属からなる焼結部材であって、
相対密度が95%以上であり、
径x1(mm)と深さy1(mm)とが以下の要件(a1)から要件(a7)を満たす穴部、および幅x2(mm)と深さy2(mm)とが以下の要件(b1)から要件(b3)を満たす溝部の少なくとも一方を有する、
焼結部材。
(a1)0.05≦x1<0.08において、y1>2.67x1+0.217
(a2)0.08≦x1<0.1において、y1>28.5x1-1.85
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、y1>20x1
(a7)2.0≦x1において、y1>10x1+20
(b1)0.05≦x2<0.2おいて、y2>5x2+0.4
(b2)0.2≦x2<0.5において、y2>28.7x2-4.3
(b3)0.5≦x2において、y2>6x2+7 - 前記金属は、純鉄または鉄合金である、請求項1に記載の焼結部材。
- 前記金属は、ステンレス鋼である、請求項1に記載の焼結部材。
- 金属粉末と潤滑剤とを含む原料粉末を準備する工程と、
前記原料粉末を加圧して相対密度が95%以上である圧粉成形体を作製する工程と、
前記圧粉成形体に穴加工および溝加工の少なくとも一方の切削加工を施すことによって、径x1(mm)と深さy1(mm)とが以下の要件(a1)から要件(a7)を満たす穴部、および幅x2(mm)と深さy2(mm)とが以下の要件(b1)から要件(b3)を満たす溝部の少なくとも一方を有する加工体を作製する工程と、
前記加工体を焼結する工程と、を備え、
前記原料粉末に含まれる前記潤滑剤の割合が0.025質量%以上0.2質量%以下であり、
前記潤滑剤の融点は150℃以下である、
焼結部材の製造方法。
(a1)0.05≦x1<0.08において、y1>2.67x1+0.217
(a2)0.08≦x1<0.1において、y1>28.5x1-1.85
(a3)0.1≦x1<0.3において、y1>10x1
(a4)0.3≦x1<0.8において、y1>8x1+0.6
(a5)0.8≦x1<1.5において、y1>32.9x1-19.3
(a6)1.5≦x1<2.0において、y1>20x1
(a7)2.0≦x1において、y1>10x1+20
(b1)0.05≦x2<0.2おいて、y2>5x2+0.4
(b2)0.2≦x2<0.5において、y2>28.7x2-4.3
(b3)0.5≦x2において、y2>6x2+7 - 前記潤滑剤は、ステアリン酸、エルカ酸アミド、またはステアリン酸アミドである、請求項4に記載の焼結部材の製造方法。
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| US18/859,202 US20250312848A1 (en) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-04-24 | Sintered member and method for producing sintered member |
| CN202380032574.4A CN119013110A (zh) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-04-24 | 烧结部件以及烧结部件的制造方法 |
| DE112023002073.6T DE112023002073T5 (de) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-04-24 | Sinterformteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sinterformteils |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08143911A (ja) * | 1994-11-15 | 1996-06-04 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 孔部を有する金属部材の製造方法及び金属焼結体 |
| JP2009209437A (ja) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-17 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | 中空金属焼結体、それを利用した中性子源液体金属ターゲット用バブラー及びその製造方法 |
| WO2019026783A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | 住友電工焼結合金株式会社 | 焼結部品の製造方法、及び焼結部品 |
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| JP2005336525A (ja) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-08 | Ace Giken:Kk | 金属製品成形用複合化粉末及び成形用粒状物の製造方法並びに金属製品の製造方法 |
| WO2009001681A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-31 | Hitachi Tool Engineering, Ltd. | 深穴加工用小径ドリルおよび微細深穴加工方法 |
| JP2016189567A (ja) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-04 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 誘電体ブロック、誘電体ブロックの製造方法及び誘電体フィルタ |
| JPWO2018216461A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-26 | 2020-02-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結部材の製造方法 |
| JP6573245B2 (ja) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-09-11 | 住友電工焼結合金株式会社 | 焼結部品の製造方法、及び焼結部品 |
| JP2022071901A (ja) | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-17 | 株式会社白寿生科学研究所 | 電位治療装置 |
| JP7249707B1 (ja) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-03-31 | 株式会社共立合金製作所 | 細長孔を有する超硬合金成形体およびその製造方法 |
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- 2023-04-24 DE DE112023002073.6T patent/DE112023002073T5/de active Pending
- 2023-04-24 JP JP2024517304A patent/JPWO2023210568A1/ja active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08143911A (ja) * | 1994-11-15 | 1996-06-04 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 孔部を有する金属部材の製造方法及び金属焼結体 |
| JP2009209437A (ja) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-17 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | 中空金属焼結体、それを利用した中性子源液体金属ターゲット用バブラー及びその製造方法 |
| WO2019026783A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | 住友電工焼結合金株式会社 | 焼結部品の製造方法、及び焼結部品 |
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| US20250312848A1 (en) | 2025-10-09 |
| CN119013110A (zh) | 2024-11-22 |
| DE112023002073T5 (de) | 2025-02-13 |
| JPWO2023210568A1 (ja) | 2023-11-02 |
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