WO2023206638A1 - 一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023206638A1
WO2023206638A1 PCT/CN2022/093324 CN2022093324W WO2023206638A1 WO 2023206638 A1 WO2023206638 A1 WO 2023206638A1 CN 2022093324 W CN2022093324 W CN 2022093324W WO 2023206638 A1 WO2023206638 A1 WO 2023206638A1
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fiber
mixed
layer
resistant composite
composite materials
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PCT/CN2022/093324
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English (en)
French (fr)
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叶金蕊
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叶金蕊
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
    • D02G3/18—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B39/00—Knitting processes, apparatus or machines not otherwise provided for
    • D04B39/06—Knitting processes, apparatus or machines not otherwise provided for adapted for combined knitting and weaving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular to a mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials and a preparation method thereof.
  • aramid fiber Due to its outstanding mechanical properties, excellent insulation properties, flame retardancy and high thermal stability, aramid fiber is often used to prepare reinforced resin-based composite materials, and has been widely used in many key parts of the ultra-high voltage (above 1000KV) power transmission field.
  • aramid fiber due to the shortcomings of aramid fiber such as high crystallinity and few chemically active groups on the surface, its molding ability is poor, its ability to combine with the resin matrix is relatively poor, the resin wettability is poor, and the composite material filled with resin does not contain enough glue.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials and a preparation method thereof.
  • the mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials has excellent strength, toughness and resin wettability, and at the same time improves resin filling. The problem of uneven glue content and reduced strength.
  • the present invention provides a mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials.
  • the mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials includes alternately arranged mixed layers and glass fiber layers; wherein, the mixed fiber cloth
  • the braided layer is composed of alternately braided aramid fiber, PBO fiber, glass fiber and polyester fiber; the glass fiber layer is glass fiber.
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials is as follows: 15% to 20% aramid fiber, 10% to 20% PBO fiber, 20% to 40% glass fiber and 20% polyester fiber. ⁇ 55%.
  • the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is obtained by at least two layers of the mixed layer and one layer of the glass fiber layer arranged alternately.
  • the ratio of the volume fraction of the glass fibers distributed in the mixed layer to the volume fraction of the glass fibers distributed in the glass fiber layer is (1 ⁇ 2):1. .
  • the glass fibers in the adjacent mixed braided layers are distributed in a staggered manner.
  • the ratio of the number of layers of the mixed layer and the glass fiber layer is (2-3):1.
  • the weight of the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is 80 to 200 gsm.
  • the ratio of the number of the mixed layer and the glass fiber layer is 2:1, and one layer of the glass fiber layer is laid on one side of every two layers of the mixed layer.
  • the hybrid layer uses PBO fiber, polyester fiber and glass fiber as warp yarns, and uses aramid fiber, polyester fiber and glass fiber as weft yarns.
  • the diameters of the warp yarns and the weft yarns are the same.
  • the diameters of the aramid fiber, the PBO fiber, the glass fiber and the polyester fiber are all the same.
  • the amount of glass fiber bundles in the glass fiber layer is 200-400g/ m2 , and the thickness is 0.02-0.06mm.
  • the thickness of the glass fiber layer is lower than the thickness of the mixed layer.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials described in the first aspect, and the preparation method includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the mixed layer and the glass fiber layer are laid alternately to obtain a mixed fiber gray cloth, and the mixed fiber gray cloth is pre-shaped;
  • the pre-shaping includes: putting the mixed fiber gray cloth into a shaping machine for pre-shaping, where the vehicle speed is 10-20 m/min, the fan speed is 1500-1800 r/min, and the shaping temperature is 150-180°C.
  • the alternating weaving uses a weft knitting cylinder interlacing machine
  • the door pair is 100-150 cm
  • the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials has a grammage of 80-200 gsm.
  • the alternating weaving also includes:
  • the aramid fiber, the PBO fiber, the glass fiber and the polyester fiber are pre-treated; wherein, the pre-treatment is to use absolute ethanol to clean and then dry at 80-90°C. 2 ⁇ 3h.
  • the present invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
  • aramid fiber and PBO fiber provide the mixed fiber cloth with high specific strength and excellent toughness; the glass fiber has good stiffness and good conduction effect. At the same time, it can ensure the overall support of the mixed fiber cloth; polyester fiber is low in cost and can be used as filling fiber.
  • the super hybrid fiber cloth prepared by using PBO fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber and polyester fiber not only has high strength and toughness, but also has excellent flow conduction effect, so that it can be used to prepare resin-based composite materials, thereby improving It solves the problem of uneven glue content and reduced strength after resin filling; at the same time, the cost is lower and the application is more widely used.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials.
  • the mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials includes alternately arranged mixed layers and glass fiber layers; wherein the mixed layer is made of aramid fiber. , PBO fiber, glass fiber and polyester fiber are alternately woven; the glass fiber layer is glass fiber.
  • the super hybrid fiber cloth prepared by weaving together PBO fiber and aramid fiber with high specific strength and excellent toughness, glass fiber with good stiffness and good conductivity, and low-cost polyester fiber not only has higher It has high strength and toughness and excellent conduction effect, so it can be used to prepare resin-based composite materials, thereby improving the problem of uneven glue content and reduced strength after resin filling; it also has lower cost and is more widely used.
  • the mixed fiber cloth is composed of alternately arranged mixed layers and glass fiber layers.
  • the glass fiber and its three-dimensional network space structure of the glass fiber can further provide more space for the resin flow. channel, which effectively speeds up the flow of resin, thereby effectively improving the problem of uneven glue content after resin filling while ensuring strength.
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials is as follows: aramid fiber 15% to 20% (for example, it can be 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% or 20%), PBO fiber 10-20% (for example, it can be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% or 20% ), glass fiber 20 to 40% (for example, it can be 20%, 22%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 38% or 40% %) and polyester fiber 20 to 55% (for example, it can be 20%, 22%, 25%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 35%, 36%, 38%, 40%, 42% , 45%, 46%, 48%, 50%, 52% or 55%).
  • the volume fraction of aramid fiber, PBO fiber, glass fiber and polyester fiber can be limited within the above range according to actual needs.
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials, the mixed fiber cloth has excellent strength, stiffness, good resin wettability and low cost.
  • the volume fraction of other components is limited to the above range, if the volume fraction of PBO fiber is too high, it will increase the cost of the mixed fiber cloth, and conversely, it will affect the strength and toughness of the mixed fiber cloth; if the volume fraction of glass fiber If it is too much, the toughness of the mixed fiber cloth will be reduced, and conversely, the wettability of the mixed fiber cloth will be affected.
  • the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is obtained by alternately disposing at least two layers (for example, it can be two layers, three layers, four layers, etc.) of mixed fiber layers and one layer of glass fiber.
  • the structure of the high-voltage resistant composite material is a mixed layer (at least two layers) - a glass fiber layer (one layer) - a mixed layer (at least two layers) - a glass fiber layer (one layer)... Mixed layers (at least two layers).
  • the ratio of the volume fraction of the glass fibers distributed in the mixed layer to the volume fraction of the glass fibers distributed in the glass fiber layer is (1 to 2) :1 (for example, it can be 1:1, 1.5:1, or 2:1).
  • the volume fraction of glass fibers in the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is 20 to 40%, and these glass fibers are evenly distributed in the mixed layer and the glass fiber layer respectively. In this way, by making each layer Evenly distribute glass fibers to improve resin wettability.
  • the glass fibers in adjacent mixed layers are distributed in a staggered manner.
  • the second mixed layer can be horizontally rotated 90° before being laid, and the third mixed layer can be horizontally rotated 180° before being laid. Covering, the fourth layer can be rotated 270° horizontally and then laid.
  • This sequential laying cycle can not only improve the tensile strength of the mixed fiber cloth body, but also make the glass fiber in the adjacent mixed layer
  • the misaligned distribution can further use the misaligned glass fibers to better guide the resin glue liquid, improve the wettability of the resin and the uniformity of the glue content after the resin is filled.
  • the ratio of the number of layers between the mixed layer and the glass fiber layer is (2-3):1 (for example, it can be 2:1, 2.5:1 or 3:1).
  • the weight of the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is 80 to 200gsm (for example, it can be 80gsm, 100gsm, 120gsm, 150gsm, 160gsm, 180gsm or 200gsm).
  • the ratio of the number of layers between the mixed layer and the fiberglass layer is 2:1, and a layer of glass fiber is laid on one side of every two layers of mixed layer.
  • a glass fiber layer is laid on one side of at least two mixed layers to reduce the gap between the layers. Porosity; while ensuring the stiffness of the fabric, it also plays a subsequent diversion role.
  • the mixed layer uses PBO fiber, polyester fiber and glass fiber as warp yarns, and uses aramid fiber, polyester fiber and glass fiber as weft yarns.
  • the mixed layer adopts two-dimensional weaving.
  • PBO fiber, polyester fiber and glass fiber in the warp yarn can be arranged side by side in multiple strands or merged into a single fiber.
  • aramid fiber, polyester fiber and polyester fiber in the weft yarn can be arranged side by side.
  • Ester fiber and glass fiber can be arranged in multiple strands side by side or combined into a single strand of fiber.
  • the mixed layer can also use PBO fiber, polyester fiber and glass fiber as weft yarns, and use aramid fiber, polyester fiber and glass fiber as warp yarns.
  • the warp and weft yarns have the same diameter.
  • the amount of polyester fiber and glass fiber in the warp yarn and weft yarn is not limited, and it is preferable that the diameter of the warp yarn and the weft yarn are the same.
  • the warp yarns and weft yarns in the above manner, it can be ensured that the warp yarns and weft yarns have certain strength, toughness and conductivity, so that the performance distribution of the prepared mixed braided layer is relatively uniform.
  • the diameters of the warp and weft yarns are the same, the mechanical strength and properties in the warp and weft directions can be basically the same.
  • the diameters of aramid fibers, PBO fibers, glass fibers and polyester fibers are all the same.
  • the amount of glass fiber bundles in the glass fiber layer is 200-400g/m 2 (for example, it can be 200g/m 2 , 250g/m 2 , 300g/m 2 , 350g/m 2 or 400g/m 2 ), the thickness is 0.02 ⁇ 0.06mm (for example, it can be 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm or 0.06mm).
  • the thickness of the fiberglass layer is lower than the thickness of the mixed layer.
  • the glass fiber layer is laid to avoid pores that may occur between layers when there are too many mixed layers. Therefore, on the basis of ensuring the strength and toughness of the fiber fabric, only a thinner layer is required. A fiberglass layer will do.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials.
  • the preparation method is used to obtain the mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials provided by the invention.
  • the preparation method includes:
  • the mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials before obtaining the mixed fiber cloth for high voltage resistant composite materials, it also includes:
  • Pre-shaping includes: putting the mixed fiber gray cloth into the shaping machine for pre-shaping, where the vehicle speed is 10-20m/min (for example, it can be 10m/min, 12m/min, 15m/min, 18m/min or 20m/min). min), the fan speed is 1500 ⁇ 1800r/min (for example, it can be 1500r/min, 1550r/min, 1600r/min, 1650r/min, 1700r/min, 1750r/min or 1800r/min), and the setting temperature is 150 ⁇ 180°C (for example, it can be 150°C, 155°C, 160°C, 165°C, 170°C, 175°C or 180°C).
  • the vehicle speed is 10-20m/min (for example, it can be 10m/min, 12m/min, 15m/min, 18m/min or 20m/min).
  • the fan speed is 1500 ⁇ 1800r/min (for example, it can be 1500r/min, 1550r/min, 1600r/min,
  • the alternating weaving uses a weft knitting cylinder interlacing machine
  • the door pair is 100-150cm (for example, it can be 100cm, 110cm, 120cm, 130cm, 140cm or 150cm)
  • the high-voltage resistant composite material uses mixed fibers
  • the grammage of the cloth is 80-200gsm (for example, it can be 80gsm, 100gsm, 120gsm, 150gsm, 160gsm, 180gsm or 200gsm).
  • alternating weaving before alternating weaving, it also includes:
  • Pretreatment of aramid fiber, PBO fiber, glass fiber and polyester fiber wherein, the pretreatment is to use absolute ethanol to clean and then place it at 80 ⁇ 90°C (for example, it can be 80°C, 85°C or 90°C ) for 2 to 3 hours (for example, it can be 2 hours, 2.5 hours or 3 hours).
  • 80 ⁇ 90°C for example, it can be 80°C, 85°C or 90°C
  • 2 to 3 hours for example, it can be 2 hours, 2.5 hours or 3 hours.
  • the aramid fibers, PBO fibers, glass fibers and polyester fibers used were pre-treated, that is, they were washed with absolute ethanol and dried at 85°C for 2.5 hours. ;
  • the diameters and specifications of aramid fiber, PBO fiber, glass fiber and polyester fiber used in the following examples are all the same, and the thickness of the prepared mixed fiber cloth is the same.
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is as follows: 20% aramid fiber, 20% PBO fiber, 30% glass fiber and 30% polyester fiber;
  • the amount of glass fiber bundles in the glass fiber layer is 200g/m 2 and the thickness is 0.02mm; and the warp and weft lines of the two adjacent mixed layers are different;
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is as follows: 20% aramid fiber, 20% PBO fiber, 30% glass fiber and 30% polyester fiber;
  • the amount of glass fiber bundles in the glass fiber layer is 400g/m 2 and the thickness is 0.06mm; and the warp and weft lines of the two adjacent mixed layers are different;
  • Embodiment 3 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:
  • a weft knitting cylinder interlacing machine is used to weave a mixed braid. layer.
  • Embodiment 4 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:
  • a weft knitting cylinder interlacing machine is used to weave a mixed braid. layer.
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is as follows: 15% aramid fiber, 10% PBO fiber, 20% glass fiber and 55% polyester fiber;
  • the amount of glass fiber bundles in the glass fiber layer is 200g/m 2 and the thickness is 0.02mm; and the warp and weft lines of the two adjacent mixed layers are different;
  • Embodiment 6 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is as follows: 20% aramid fiber, 20% PBO fiber, 40% glass fiber and 20% polyester fiber;
  • a weft knitting cylinder interlacing machine is used to weave a mixed braid. layer;
  • the fiberglass layer is 14% fiberglass.
  • Embodiment 7 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is as follows: 15% aramid fiber, 15% PBO fiber, 30% glass fiber and 40% polyester fiber;
  • a weft knitting cylinder interlacing machine is used to weave a mixed braid. layer;
  • the fiberglass layer is 10% fiberglass.
  • Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that:
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is as follows: 40% aramid fiber, 30% glass fiber and 30% polyester fiber;
  • the fiberglass layer is 10% fiberglass.
  • Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that:
  • the volume fraction of each component in the mixed fiber cloth for high-voltage resistant composite materials is as follows: 20% aramid fiber, 20% PBO fiber, 30% glass fiber and 30% polyester fiber;
  • the glass fiber layer is 30% glass fiber; the amount of glass fiber bundles in the glass fiber layer is 400g/m 2 and the thickness is 0.06mm.
  • the thickness of the pure aramid fiber cloth in Comparative Example 1 is the same as that of the mixed fiber cloth of Example 1; the thickness of the mixed fiber cloth in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 is the same as that of the mixed fiber cloth of Example 1. The thickness is also the same.
  • the high voltage resistant composite materials prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to mechanical properties testing, and the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and shear strength were obtained as shown in Table 1; at the same time, the high voltage resistant composite materials prepared in Examples 1 to 7 were obtained. And the UHV insulated tie rods prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to voltage withstand tests and flame retardant properties were tested, and the test results were obtained as shown in Table 1. Among them, the flame retardant performance is measured according to UL 94 fire test standard.
  • the mixed fiber cloth prepared in the embodiment of the present invention has better stiffness and resin wettability, which improves the problem of uneven glue content and reduced strength after resin filling, so that the mixed fiber cloth based on the mixed fiber cloth can be obtained
  • High-voltage resistant composite materials can withstand UHV 1100KV and operate stably on transmission lines with UHV voltage levels of 1100KV and above. They provide excellent insulator products for the construction of UHV transmission lines. They also have better mechanical properties and flame retardant properties and lower preparation costs. It is lower, has economic and social benefits, and is more widely used.
  • the high-voltage resistant composite material prepared in Comparative Example 1 using pure aramid fiber cloth has relatively poor bonding ability with the resin matrix, resulting in poor wettability of the resin in the aramid fiber cloth, causing the resin-filled composite material to contain glue.
  • the amount of PBO fiber is uneven, resulting in low interlaminar shear strength and low transverse tensile strength of the composite material; no PBO fiber is added in Comparative Example 2, resulting in poor mechanical properties of the high-voltage resistant composite material; the mixed weaving of Comparative Example 3 No glass fiber is added to the layer, so the wettability of the prepared mixed fiber cloth is still poor, which in turn leads to poor mechanical properties of high-voltage resistant composite materials.
  • the UHV insulation tie rods prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 will fail under the UHV of 1100KV, and the flame retardant grade has not reached V-0; among them, "-" in Table 1 means that the flame retardant grade has not reached V. -0.

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Abstract

一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布及其制备方法，涉及复合材料技术领域，所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布包括交替设置的混编层和玻璃纤维层；其中，所述混编层由芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维交替编织组成；所述玻璃纤维层为玻璃纤维。耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布具有优异的强韧性度和树脂浸润性，并在保证强度的同时，使得树脂填充后含胶量分布均匀。

Description

一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域，特别涉及一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布及其制备方法。
背景技术
芳纶纤维由于力学性能突出、绝缘性能优良、阻燃性和热稳定性高等特点，常用于制备增强树脂基复合材料，并已广泛应用于特高压(1000KV以上)输电领域的诸多关键部位。但由于芳纶纤维具有高结晶度、表面化学活性基团少等缺点，其成型能力较差，且与树脂基体结合能力相对较差，树脂浸润性差，且填充树脂后的复合材料含胶量不均匀，从而易使制备的复合材料出现层间剪切强度较低、横向拉伸强度较低等缺陷，导致特高压输电领域设备运行过程中的芳纶复合材料绝缘件故障偶有发生，进而限制了该复合材料性能在特高压输电领域的应用。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布及其制备方法，该耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布具有优异的强韧性度和树脂浸润性，同时改善了树脂填充后含胶量不均匀，强度下降的问题。
第一方面，本发明提供了一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布包括交替设置的混编层和玻璃纤维层；其中，所述混编层由芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维交替编织组成；所述玻璃纤维层为玻璃纤维。
优选地，所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维15～20％、PBO纤维10～20％、玻璃纤维20～40％和聚酯纤维20～55％。
优选地，所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布由至少两层所述混编层和一层所述玻璃纤维层交替设置得到。
优选地，在所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中，分布于混编层中的 玻璃纤维与分布于玻璃纤维层中的玻璃纤维的体积分数之比为(1～2):1。
优选地，相邻的所述混编层中的玻璃纤维为错位分布。
优选地，所述混编层和所述玻璃纤维层的层数之比为(2～3):1。
优选地，所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的克重为80～200gsm。
优选地，所述混编层和所述玻璃纤维层的层数之比为2:1，且在每两层所述混编层的一侧铺设一层所述玻璃纤维层。
优选地，所述混编层以PBO纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维为经纱，以芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维为纬纱。
更优选地，所述经纱和所述纬纱的直径相同。
优选地，所述芳纶纤维、所述PBO纤维、所述玻璃纤维和所述聚酯纤维的直径均相同。
优选地，所述玻璃纤维层中玻璃纤维束用量为200～400g/m 2，厚度为0.02～0.06mm。
优选地，所述玻璃纤维层的厚度低于所述混编层的厚度。
第二方面，本发明提供了上述第一方面所述的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：
将芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维进行交替编织，得到混编层；然后将所述混编层和玻璃纤维层交替铺设，得到所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布。
优选地，在所述得到所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布之前，还包括：
将所述混编层和玻璃纤维层交替铺设，得到混编纤维坯布，对所述混编纤维坯布进行预定形；
所述预定形包括：将所述混编纤维坯布放入定型机中进行预定形，其中，车速为10～20m/min，风机转速为1500～1800r/min，定形温度为150～180℃。
优选地，所述交替编织采用纬编圆筒交织机，门副为100～150cm，所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的克重为80～200gsm。
优选地，在所述交替编织前，还包括：
对所述芳纶纤维、所述PBO纤维、所述玻璃纤维和所述聚酯纤维进行预处理；其中，所述预处理为采用无水乙醇进行清洗，然后置于80～90℃下烘 干2～3h。
本发明与现有技术相比至少具有如下有益效果：
本发明制备的耐特高压复合材料用混编纤维布中，芳纶纤维及PBO纤维为该混编纤维布提供了高比强度和优异的韧性；玻璃纤维刚度好，具有良好的导流作用，同时能够保证混编纤维布整体的支撑性；而聚酯纤维成本低，可作为填充纤维。由此采用PBO纤维、芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维及聚酯纤维制备的超混编纤维布不仅具有较高的强韧性，且导流效果优异，使其可以用于制备树脂基复合材料，从而改善了树脂填充后含胶量不均匀，强度下降的问题；同时成本较低，应用更为广泛。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布包括交替设置的混编层和玻璃纤维层；其中，混编层由芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维交替编织组成；玻璃纤维层为玻璃纤维。
在本发明中，采用具有高比强度和优异韧性的PBO纤维及芳纶纤维，刚度好且能导流的玻璃纤维，成本低的聚酯纤维共同编织制备的超混编纤维布，不仅具有较高的强韧性，且导流效果优异，使其可以用于制备树脂基复合材料，从而改善了树脂填充后含胶量不均匀，强度下降的问题；且成本较低，应用更为广泛。
在本发明中，混编纤维布由交替设置的混编层和玻璃纤维层组成，如此通过交替设置玻璃纤维层，能进一步通过玻璃纤维及其玻璃纤维的立体网络空间结构为树脂流动提供更多通道，有效加快树脂流动速度，进而在保证强度的同时，有效改善树脂填充后含胶量不均匀的问题。
根据一些优选的实施方式，耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维15～20％(例如，可以为15％、16％、17％、18％、19％或20％)、PBO纤维10～20％(例如，可以为10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％、16％、17％、18％、19％或20％)、玻璃纤维20～40％(例如，可以为20％、22％、24％、25％、26％、28％、30％、32％、34％、35％、36％、38％或40％)和聚酯纤维20～55％(例如，可以为20％、22％、25％、26％、28％、30％、32％、35％、36％、38％、40％、42％、45％、46％、48％、50％、52％或55％)。
具体地，可以根据实际需求在上述范围内对芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维的体积分数进行限定。通过设计耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数，使得混编纤维布兼具优异的强韧性、刚度、良好的树脂浸润性和低成本。当其他组分的体积分数限定为上述范围内时，若PBO纤维体积分数过多，则会增加该混编纤维布的成本，反之则会影响混编纤维布的强韧性；若玻璃纤维体积分数过多，则会降低混编纤维布的韧性，反之则会影响混编纤维布的浸润性。
根据一些优选的实施方式，耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布由至少两层(例如，可以为两层、三层、四层等)混编层和一层玻璃纤维层交替设置得到。
需要说明的是，该耐高电压复合材料的结构为混编层(至少两层)-玻璃纤维层(一层)-混编层(至少两层)-玻璃纤维层(一层)...混编层(至少两层)。
根据一些优选的实施方式，在耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中，分布于混编层中的玻璃纤维与分布于玻璃纤维层中的玻璃纤维的体积分数之比为(1～2):1(例如，可以为1:1、1.5:1或2:1)。
在本发明中，耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中玻璃纤维的体积分数为20～40％，其中这些玻璃纤维分别均匀分布在混编层和玻璃纤维层中，如此通过使每层中均分布玻璃纤维来提高树脂的浸润性。
根据一些优选的实施方式，相邻的混编层中的玻璃纤维为错位分布。
在本发明中，对于至少两层混编层，在第一层混编层之后，第二层混编 层可以水平旋转90°后铺覆，第三层混编层可以水平旋转180°后铺覆，第四层可以水平旋转270°后铺覆，如此依次循环铺覆，既能提高所制得的混编纤维布布体的抗拉性，又能使相邻混编层中的玻璃纤维错位分布，能进一步借助错位的玻璃纤维更好地为树脂胶液导流，提高树脂的浸润性和树脂填充后含胶量的均匀性。
根据一些优选的实施方式，混编层和玻璃纤维层的层数之比为(2～3):1(例如，可以为2:1、2.5:1或3:1)。
根据一些优选的实施方式，耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的克重为80～200gsm(例如，可以为80gsm、100gsm、120gsm、150gsm、160gsm、180gsm或200gsm)。
根据一些更优选的实施方式，混编层和玻璃纤维层的层数之比为2:1，且在每两层混编层的一侧铺设一层玻璃纤维层。
在本发明中，为了避免混编层铺层过多时层与层之间可能会产生气孔，在至少两层混编层的一侧铺设一层玻璃纤维层，以减小层与层之间的孔隙率；在保证织物刚度的同时，起到后续的导流作用。
根据一些优选的实施方式，混编层以PBO纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维为经纱，以芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维为纬纱。
需要说明的是，混编层采用二维编织，经纱中PBO纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维可以多股纤维并列排布，也可以合并为单股纤维；同理，纬纱中芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维可以多股纤维并列排布，也可以合并为单股纤维。
在一个或多个实施方式中，混编层还可以以PBO纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维为纬纱，以芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维为经纱。
根据一些更优选的实施方式，经纱和纬纱的直径相同。
在本发明中，对经纱和纬纱中聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维的用量并无限定，优选为满足经纱和纬纱直径相同即可。
在本发明中，通过上述方式设计经纱和纬纱，能够保证经纱和纬纱均具有一定的强度、韧性和导流性，使得制备的混编层的性能分布较为均匀。当经纱和纬纱的直径相同，则能进一步使经纬向的力学强度和性能基本相同。
根据一些优选的实施方式，芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维 的直径均相同。
在本发明中，为了避免PBO纤维、芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维及聚酯纤维四种纤维直径不同造成铺层过多时层与层之间可能会产生气孔，除了每至少两层混编层的一侧铺设一层玻璃纤维层，还可以通过设计芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维的直径均相同来避免该问题，以减小层与层之间的孔隙率，同时简化交替编织时的编织工艺。
根据一些优选的实施方式，玻璃纤维层中玻璃纤维束用量为200～400g/m 2(例如，可以为200g/m 2、250g/m 2、300g/m 2、350g/m 2或400g/m 2)，厚度为0.02～0.06mm(例如，可以为0.02mm、0.03mm、0.04mm、0.05mm或0.06mm)。
根据一些优选的实施方式，玻璃纤维层的厚度低于混编层的厚度。
在本发明中，铺设的玻璃纤维层，是为了避免混编层铺层过多时层与层之间可能会产生气孔，因此在保证纤维织物强度和韧性的基础上，仅需设置厚度较薄的玻璃纤维层即可。
本发明还提供了一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的制备方法，采用该制备方法得到本发明所提供的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，该制备方法包括：
将芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维进行交替编织，得到混编层；然后将混编层和玻璃纤维层交替铺设，得到耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布。
根据一些优选的实施方式，在得到耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布之前，还包括：
将混编层和玻璃纤维层交替铺设，得到混编纤维坯布，对混编纤维坯布进行预定形；
预定形包括：将混编纤维坯布放入定型机中进行预定形，其中，车速为10～20m/min(例如，可以为10m/min、12m/min、15m/min、18m/min或20m/min)，风机转速为1500～1800r/min(例如，可以为1500r/min、1550r/min、1600r/min、1650r/min、1700r/min、1750r/min或1800r/min)，定形温度为150～180℃(例如，可以为150℃、155℃、160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃或 180℃)。
在本发明中，由于不同种类纤维的弹性模量不同，编织后的混编层存在内部张力，为了避免该内部张力导致混编层起皱，需要通过预定形释放该内部张力。
根据一些优选的实施方式，交替编织采用纬编圆筒交织机，门副为100～150cm(例如，可以为100cm、110cm、120cm、130cm、140cm或150cm)，耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的克重为80～200gsm(例如，可以为80gsm、100gsm、120gsm、150gsm、160gsm、180gsm或200gsm)。
根据一些优选的实施方式，在交替编织前，还包括：
对芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维进行预处理；其中，预处理为采用无水乙醇进行清洗，然后置于80～90℃(例如，可以为80℃、85℃或90℃)下烘干2～3h(例如，可以为2h、2.5h或3h)。
为了更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案及优点，下面通过几个实施例对一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布及其制备方法进行详细说明。
以下实施例在进行编织前，均先将所采用的芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维进行了预处理，即均用无水乙醇进行清洗，并于85℃下烘干2.5h；
其中，以下实施例中所采用的芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维的直径和规格均相同，且所制备的混编纤维布的厚度均相同。
实施例1
耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维20％、PBO纤维20％、玻璃纤维30％和聚酯纤维30％；
按照上述配比制备耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的制备方法：
(1)以20％PBO纤维、15％聚酯纤维和10％玻璃纤维为经纱，以20％芳纶纤维、15％聚酯纤维和10％玻璃纤维为纬纱，采用纬编圆筒交织机编织得到混编层；
(2)将混编层和玻璃纤维层(即10％玻璃纤维)交替铺设，并在每两层混编层的一侧铺设一层玻璃纤维层，得到混编纤维坯布；
其中，玻璃纤维层中玻璃纤维束用量为200g/m 2，厚度为0.02mm；且相 邻两层混编层的经纬线不相同；
(3)将混编纤维坯布放入定型机中，并在车速为15m/min，风机转速为1600r/min，定形温度为160℃的条件下进行预定形，得到耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布。
应用：将该混编纤维布置于模具中，并向模具内注入酚醛树脂进行固化，制备得到耐高压复合材料，其中纤维含量为40％；利用该耐高压复合材料制备的特高压绝缘拉杆。
实施例2
耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维20％、PBO纤维20％、玻璃纤维30％和聚酯纤维30％；
按照上述配比制备耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的制备方法：
(1)以20％PBO纤维、12.5％聚酯纤维和10％玻璃纤维为经纱，以20％芳纶纤维、17.5％聚酯纤维和5％玻璃纤维为纬纱，采用纬编圆筒交织机编织得到混编层；
(2)将混编层和玻璃纤维层(即15％玻璃纤维)交替铺设，并在每三层混编层的一侧铺设一层玻璃纤维层，得到混编纤维坯布；
其中，玻璃纤维层中玻璃纤维束用量为400g/m 2，厚度为0.06mm；且相邻两层混编层的经纬线不相同；
(3)将混编纤维坯布放入定型机中，并在车速为20m/min，风机转速为1800r/min，定形温度为180℃的条件下进行预定形，得到耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布。
应用：将该混编纤维布置于模具中，并向模具内注入酚醛树脂进行固化，制备得到耐高压复合材料，其中纤维含量为40％；利用该耐高压复合材料制备的特高压绝缘拉杆。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1基本相同，其不同之处在于：
以20％PBO纤维、10％聚酯纤维和10％玻璃纤维为经纱，以20％芳纶纤维、20％聚酯纤维和10％玻璃纤维为纬纱，采用纬编圆筒交织机编织得到混编层。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1基本相同，其不同之处在于：
以20％PBO纤维、20％聚酯纤维和1％玻璃纤维为经纱，以20％芳纶纤维、10％聚酯纤维和19％玻璃纤维为纬纱，采用纬编圆筒交织机编织得到混编层。
实施例5
耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维15％、PBO纤维10％、玻璃纤维20％和聚酯纤维55％；
(1)以10％PBO纤维、30％聚酯纤维和5％玻璃纤维为经纱，以15％芳纶纤维、25％聚酯纤维和5％玻璃纤维为纬纱，采用纬编圆筒交织机编织得到混编层；
(2)将混编层和玻璃纤维层(即10％玻璃纤维)交替铺设，并在每两层混编层的一侧铺设一层玻璃纤维层，得到混编纤维坯布；
其中，玻璃纤维层中玻璃纤维束用量为200g/m 2，厚度为0.02mm；且相邻两层混编层的经纬线不相同；
(3)将混编纤维坯布放入定型机中，并在车速为10m/min，风机转速为1500r/min，定形温度为150℃的条件下进行预定形，得到耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布。
应用：将该混编纤维布置于模具中，并向模具内注入酚醛树脂进行固化，制备得到耐高压复合材料，其中纤维含量为40％；利用该耐高压复合材料制备的特高压绝缘拉杆。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例1基本相同，其不同之处在于：
耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维20％、PBO纤维20％、玻璃纤维40％和聚酯纤维20％；
以20％PBO纤维、10％聚酯纤维和13％玻璃纤维为经纱，以20％芳纶纤维、10％聚酯纤维和13％玻璃纤维为纬纱，采用纬编圆筒交织机编织得到混编层；
玻璃纤维层为14％玻璃纤维。
实施例7
实施例7与实施例1基本相同，其不同之处在于：
耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维15％、PBO纤维15％、玻璃纤维30％和聚酯纤维40％；
以15％PBO纤维、20％聚酯纤维和10％玻璃纤维为经纱，以15％芳纶纤维、20％聚酯纤维和10％玻璃纤维为纬纱，采用纬编圆筒交织机编织得到混编层；
玻璃纤维层为10％玻璃纤维。
对比例1
应用：将纯芳纶纤维布置于模具中，并向模具内注入酚醛树脂进行固化，制备得到耐高压复合材料，其中纤维含量为40％；利用该耐高压复合材料制备的特高压绝缘拉杆。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1基本相同，其不同之处在于：
耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维40％、玻璃纤维30％和聚酯纤维30％；
以20％芳纶纤维、15％聚酯纤维和10％玻璃纤维分别为经纱和纬纱，采用纬编圆筒交织机编织得到混编层；
玻璃纤维层为10％玻璃纤维。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1基本相同，其不同之处在于：
耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维20％、PBO纤维20％、玻璃纤维30％和聚酯纤维30％；
以20％PBO纤维和15％聚酯纤维为经纱，以20％芳纶纤维和15％聚酯纤维为纬纱，采用纬编圆筒交织机编织得到混编层；
玻璃纤维层为30％玻璃纤维；其中，玻璃纤维层中玻璃纤维束用量为400g/m 2，厚度为0.06mm。
需要说明的是，对比例1中纯芳纶纤维布的厚度与实施例1的混编纤维布的厚度相同；对比例2和3中混编纤维布的厚度与实施例1的混编纤维布 的厚度也相同。
将实施例1至7以及对比例1至3所制备的耐高电压复合材料进行力学性能测试，得到其弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度如表1所示；同时将由实施例1至7以及对比例1至3制备的特高压绝缘拉杆进行耐压试验并测试阻燃性能，得到其测试结果如表1所示。其中，阻燃性能按UL 94防火测试标准进行测量。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022093324-appb-000001
由表1可知，本发明实施例所制备的混编纤维布具有更好的刚度和树脂浸润性，改善了树脂填充后含胶量不均匀，强度下降的问题，使得基于混编纤维布得到的耐高电压复合材料能耐特高压1100KV，稳定运行在1100KV及以上的特高压电压等级的输电线路上，为特高压输电线路建设提供优良的绝缘子产品，而且力学性能和阻燃性能更优异，制备成本较低，具有经济和社会效益，应用更广。然而，对比例1采用纯芳纶纤维布所制备的耐高电压复合材料，由于与树脂基体结合能力相对较差，导致树脂在芳纶纤维布的浸润性差，使得填充树脂后的复合材料含胶量不均匀，导致复合材料的层间剪切强度较低、横向拉伸强度较低；对比例2中未加入PBO纤维，导致耐高电压复合材料的力学性能较差；对比例3的混编层中未加入玻璃纤维，使得制 备的混编纤维布的浸润性仍较差，进而导致耐高电压复合材料的力学性能较差。而且对比例1至3所制备特高压绝缘拉杆的在1100KV的特高压下则会失效，且阻燃等级也未达到V-0；其中，表1中的“-”表示阻燃等级未达到V-0。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。本发明未详细说明部分为本领域技术人员公知技术。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，其特征在于，所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布包括交替设置的混编层和玻璃纤维层；其中，所述混编层由芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维交替编织组成；所述玻璃纤维层为玻璃纤维。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，其特征在于：
    所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中各组分的体积分数如下：芳纶纤维15～20％、PBO纤维10～20％、玻璃纤维20～40％和聚酯纤维20～55％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，其特征在于：
    所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布由至少两层所述混编层和一层所述玻璃纤维层交替设置得到；和/或
    在所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布中，分布于混编层中的玻璃纤维与分布于玻璃纤维层中的玻璃纤维的体积分数之比为(1～2):1。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，其特征在于：
    相邻的所述混编层中的玻璃纤维为错位分布。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，其特征在于：
    所述混编层和所述玻璃纤维层的层数之比为(2～3):1；和/或
    所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的克重为80～200gsm。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，其特征在于：
    所述混编层和所述玻璃纤维层的层数之比为2:1，且在每两层所述混编层的一侧铺设一层所述玻璃纤维层。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布，其特征在于：
    所述混编层以PBO纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维为经纱，以芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维为纬纱；
    优选地，所述经纱和所述纬纱的直径相同；和/或
    所述芳纶纤维、所述PBO纤维、所述玻璃纤维和所述聚酯纤维的直径均相同。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一所述的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布， 其特征在于：
    所述玻璃纤维层中玻璃纤维束用量为200～400g/m 2，厚度为0.02～0.06mm；和/或
    所述玻璃纤维层的厚度低于所述混编层的厚度。
  9. 一种基于权利要求1至8中任一所述的耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：
    将芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维进行交替编织，得到混编层；然后将所述混编层和玻璃纤维层交替铺设，得到所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述得到所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布之前，还包括：
    将所述混编层和玻璃纤维层交替铺设，得到混编纤维坯布，对所述混编纤维坯布进行预定形；
    所述预定形包括：将所述混编纤维坯布放入定型机中进行预定形，其中，车速为10～20m/min，风机转速为1500～1800r/min，定形温度为150～180℃。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于：
    所述交替编织采用纬编圆筒交织机，门副为100～150cm，所述耐高电压复合材料用混编纤维布的克重为80～200gsm。
  12. 根据权利要求9至11中任一所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述交替编织前，还包括：
    对所述芳纶纤维、所述PBO纤维、所述玻璃纤维和所述聚酯纤维进行预处理；其中，所述预处理为采用无水乙醇进行清洗，然后置于80～90℃下烘干2～3h。
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