CN113276523A - 一种pbo纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种pbo纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113276523A
CN113276523A CN202110149964.2A CN202110149964A CN113276523A CN 113276523 A CN113276523 A CN 113276523A CN 202110149964 A CN202110149964 A CN 202110149964A CN 113276523 A CN113276523 A CN 113276523A
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composite material
aramid fiber
pbo
fiber cloth
back plate
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CN113276523B (zh
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朱晓琳
钟蔚华
张鹏
虢忠仁
宫平
金子明
曲志敏
孙宗保
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Shandong Non Metallic Material Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明属于高性能纤维领域，尤其涉及一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法，该复合材料的面板为PBO纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料，背板为芳纶纤维增强热塑性树脂的复合材料，热固性树脂为聚酰亚胺热固性树脂，热塑性树脂为聚酰亚胺热塑性树脂；其制备方法包括纤维的预处理，复合材料真空辅助成型、模压成型，得到PBO/芳纶纤维增强复合材料。采用本发明提供的制备方法，不涉及胶黏剂二次粘接，生产成本低，工艺简单，制备复合材料具有高强度、高阻燃、高抗弹比吸能的优点。

Description

一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高性能复合材料领域，具体涉及一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
PBO纤维，即聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维，因其具有芳杂环组成的刚棒状结构，其强度、模量皆为有机合成纤维之最，同时兼具有低密度、性能及化学稳定性，被称为“超级纤维”，在航空航天、装甲防护、隔热防烧蚀材料等军民领域均具有广阔的应用前景。
芳纶纤维，也称为Kevlar纤维，现已作为一种高技术含量的纤维材料被广泛应用于航天航空、机电、建筑、汽车、体育用品等国民经济的各个方面，现有技术中已有采用两者作为复合材料的原料制备新型复合材料的技术出现，特别是用于制备抗弹复合材料，但是这种技术方案需要选择背板材料和面板材料，二者分别制备后采用胶粘剂进行粘接复合，制备成为抗弹复合材料。这种制备方法较为复杂，再进行粘接时易开裂，背板和面板材料之间粘接强度不高，当受到弹丸高速冲击时，极易分层，不利于提高抗弹复合材料的抗弹性能。
因此如何克服上述困难，将PBO纤维和芳纶纤维更好的结合在一起，获得性能更好的复合材料，成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的诸多不足之处，提供了一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法，该复合材料的面板为PBO纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料，背板为芳纶纤维增强热塑性树脂的复合材料，热固性树脂为聚酰亚胺热固性树脂，热塑性树脂为聚酰亚胺热塑性树脂；其制备方法包括纤维的预处理，复合材料真空辅助成型、模压成型，得到PBO/芳纶纤维增强复合材料。采用本发明提供的制备方法，不涉及胶黏剂二次粘接，生产成本低，工艺简单，制备复合材料具有高强度、高阻燃、高抗弹比吸能的优点,作为高强度复合材料可广泛应用于装甲防护、航空、航天等领域。
本发明的创新之处在于从抗弹机理出发，重新设计制备了一种梯度材料，可直接作为抗弹复合材料，极大增强了面板和背板之间的粘结强度，生产成本降低，生产工艺简化，制备的抗弹复合材料抗弹性能较其他方法制备的复合材料抗弹比吸能更高，
其具体的技术方案如下：
一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于：其面板为PBO纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料，其中热固性树脂含量占面板材料总质量的45～50％；背板为芳纶纤维增强热塑性树脂的复合材料，其中热塑性树脂含量占背板材料总质量的20～35％；
其中所述的面板材料厚度范围为4～16mm，背板材料厚度范围为1～4mm，面板材料与背板材料的厚度比例为4:1；
其中所述热固性树脂为聚酰亚胺热固性树脂，热塑性树脂为聚酰亚胺热塑性树脂，热塑型聚酰亚胺树脂选自新孚达公司生产Tepla T8230CF 15TF；热固型聚酰亚胺树脂选自美国杜邦公司生产TP-8451；
除此之外，本发明还提供了一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)芳纶纤维布的预处理
芳纶纤维布进行层压前，在一定条件下，对芳纶纤维布进行表面预处理；
所述的预处理为首先二甲基亚砜浸泡6～8小时，之后丙酮浸泡8～12小时，最后真空干燥8～10小时；
(2)芳纶纤维布铺层
将上述经过预处理的芳纶纤维布铺层，铺层厚度为1～4mm，层间灌注热塑型聚酰亚胺树脂，上述树脂占整个背板材料的质量百分比为20～35％；
(3)模压成型
将步骤(2)中铺层后的芳纶纤维布放入模具中热压成型，在一定热压条件下制成芳纶纤维增强热塑型树脂基复合材料，该材料即为背板材料；
所述的热压条件是，热压温度为220～250℃，热压压力为10～15MPa，保压时间为5～8小时；即完成背板材料的制备；
(4)PBO纤维布的预处理
PBO纤维布进行层压前，在一定条件下，对PBO纤维布进行表面预处理；
所述的预处理为首先二甲基亚砜浸泡6～12小时，之后丙酮浸泡8～12小时，最后真空干燥8～10小时；
(5)PBO纤维布铺层及RTM成型
将上述经过预处理的PBO纤维布直接在步骤(3)已制备好的背板材料表面铺层，铺层厚度为4～16mm，采用RTM真空辅助成型的方法，将热固性聚酰亚胺树脂抽入PBO纤维布层间及PBO纤维布与背板材料层间；热固性聚酰亚胺树脂用量为热固性聚酰亚胺树脂和PBO纤维布总质量的45～50％；
其中的RTM真空辅助成型的方法是：真空度0.1MPa，温度为50℃，真空度保持时间为8小时，即得PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料。
根据发明人的前期研究，结果发现进行弹道试验时，相同条件下制备的纯芳纶纤维复合材料的比吸能最高达到60J·m2./kg，相同条件下制备的进口PBO纤维复合材料的比吸能最高接近68J·m2/kg，但PBO纤维的表面较为光滑，与树脂之间的界面粘接强度较差，不利于抗弹性能的提高，进行表面处理后，PBO纤维的力学性能会进一步下降，导致抗弹性能无法进一步提高，而通过上述方法制备获得的PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料，进行弹道试验结果显示，该复合材料的贯穿比吸能达到70J·m2/kg，高于上述两种复合材料的性能，能够充分发挥不同树脂和不同种类纤维的优势。
综上所述，采用本发明提供的组分配比和对应的制备方法，提供了一种性能优异的复合材料，该制备方法为一次成型方法，不涉及胶黏剂二次粘接，生产成本低，工艺相对简单，所制备获得的PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料为高抗弹性能的复合材料，充分发挥不同树脂、不同种类纤维的吸能效果进行设计，达到了更高的抗弹比吸能。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例来进一步说明本发明，可以使本领域技术人员更全面的理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明；
实施例1：
一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料，具体步骤如下：
芳纶布的预处理：采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)浸泡约6小时后，丙酮浸泡12小时，最后真空干燥8小时；
PBO纤维布的预处理：采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)浸泡8小时后，丙酮浸泡12小时，最后真空干燥8小时；
处理完成后将芳纶布和PBO纤维布均切割为300×300的纤维布；
首先对芳纶布铺层，铺层厚度为2mm，铺层后灌注Tepla T8230CF 15TF热塑性聚酰亚胺树脂，树脂含量约为芳纶纤维复合材料总质量的30％；放入模具中热压成型，热压条件为：热压温度220℃，热压压力为10MPa，保压时间5小时；层压完成后取出芳纶纤维复合材料，即为制备好的背板材料；
将处理好的PBO纤维布直接铺层于上述制备好的背板材料表面，铺层厚度为8mm，采用RTM真空辅助成型的方法，将TP-8451热固性聚酰亚胺树脂抽入纤维布层间，真空度保持为0.1MPa，温度为50℃，保压时间为8小时，即得PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料；
其中热固性聚酰亚胺树脂用量为热固性聚酰亚胺树脂和PBO纤维布总质量的48％。
将真空辅助成型后得到的PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料，进行弹道试验。弹道试验在常温常湿的环境下进行，试验用弹为Φ10mm碎片模拟弹(4.5g)，试验靶道极限速度V50的测定参照GB/T 32497-2016《纤维增强复合材料抗破片模拟弹性能试验方法》，试验用枪弹道测速工作枪，模拟弹贯穿试验的靶前后测速由光幕测速靶完成。模拟弹冲击入射速度和贯穿残余速度以及弹道极限速度V50均由光幕靶测速经修正后得到，得到实施例1制得的PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料的贯穿比吸能约为72.3J·m2/kg，V50约为641.3m/s。
参照标准GB/T 2406.2-2009《塑料用氧指数法测定燃烧行为第2部分：室温试验》对该方法制备的抗弹复合材料的极限氧指数进行了测试，其极限氧指数为35％，属难燃。
实施例2
一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料，具体步骤如下：
芳纶布的预处理：采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)浸泡约8小时后，丙酮浸泡8小时，最后真空干燥8小时；
PBO纤维布的预处理：采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)浸泡8小时后，丙酮浸泡12小时，最后真空干燥8小时；
处理完成后将芳纶布和PBO纤维布均切割为300×300的纤维布；
首先对芳纶布铺层，铺层厚度为3mm，铺层后灌注Tepla T8230CF 15TF热塑性聚酰亚胺树脂，树脂含量约为芳纶纤维复合材料总质量的20％；放入模具中热压成型，热压条件为：热压温度220℃，热压压力为10MPa，保压时间8小时；层压完成后取出芳纶纤维复合材料，即为制备好的背板材料；
将处理好的PBO纤维布直接铺层于制备好的背板材料表面，铺层厚度为12mm，采用RTM真空辅助成型的方法，将TP-8451热固性聚酰亚胺树脂抽入纤维布层间，真空度保持为0.1MPa，温度为50℃，保压时间为8小时，即得PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料；
其中热固性聚酰亚胺树脂用量为热固性聚酰亚胺树脂和PBO纤维布总质量的45％。
将热压后得到的PBO纤维增强复合材料，进行弹道试验。弹道试验在常温常湿的环境下进行，试验用弹为4.5g高强度球形碎片模拟弹，试验靶道极限速度V50的测定参照GB/T32497-2016《纤维增强复合材料抗破片模拟弹性能试验方法》，试验用枪采用弹道测速工作枪，模拟弹贯穿试验的靶前后测速由光幕测速靶完成。模拟弹冲击入射速度和贯穿残余速度以及弹道极限速度V50均由光幕靶测速经修正后得到，得到实施例2制得的PBO纤维增强复合材料的贯穿比吸能约为70.4J·m2/kg，V50约为694.2m/s。
参照标准GB/T 2406.2-2009《塑料用氧指数法测定燃烧行为第2部分：室温试验》对该方法制备的抗弹复合材料的极限氧指数进行了测试，其极限氧指数为38％，属难燃。

Claims (4)

1.一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于：其面板为PBO纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料，其中热固性树脂含量占面板材料总质量的45～50％；背板为芳纶纤维增强热塑性树脂的复合材料，其中热塑性树脂含量占背板材料总质量的20～35％。
2.根据权利要求1所述PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于：
所述的面板材料厚度范围为4～16mm，背板材料厚度范围为1～4mm，面板材料与背板材料的厚度比例为4:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于：其中所述热固性树脂为聚酰亚胺热固性树脂，热塑性树脂为聚酰亚胺热塑性树脂，热塑型聚酰亚胺树脂选自新孚达公司生产Tepla T8230CF 15TF；热固型聚酰亚胺树脂选自美国杜邦公司生产TP-8451。
4.一种PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
(1)芳纶纤维布的预处理
芳纶纤维布进行层压前，在一定条件下，对芳纶纤维布进行表面预处理；
所述的预处理为首先二甲基亚砜浸泡6～8小时，之后丙酮浸泡8～12小时，最后真空干燥8～10小时；
(2)芳纶纤维布铺层
将上述经过预处理的芳纶纤维布铺层，铺层厚度为1～4mm，层间灌注热塑型聚酰亚胺树脂，上述树脂占整个背板材料的质量百分比为20～35％；
(3)模压成型
将步骤(2)中铺层后的芳纶纤维布放入模具中热压成型，在一定热压条件下制成芳纶纤维增强热塑型树脂基复合材料，该材料即为背板材料；
所述的热压条件是，热压温度为220～250℃，热压压力为10～15MPa，保压时间为5～8小时；即完成背板材料的制备；
(4)PBO纤维布的预处理
PBO纤维布进行层压前，在一定条件下，对PBO纤维布进行表面预处理；
所述的预处理为首先二甲基亚砜浸泡6～12小时，之后丙酮浸泡8～12小时，最后真空干燥8～10小时；
(5)PBO纤维布铺层及RTM成型
将上述经过预处理的PBO纤维布直接在步骤(3)已制备好的背板材料表面铺层，铺层厚度为4～16mm，采用RTM真空辅助成型的方法，将热固性聚酰亚胺树脂抽入PBO纤维布层间及PBO纤维布与背板材料层间；热固性聚酰亚胺树脂用量为热固性聚酰亚胺树脂和PBO纤维布总质量的45～50％；
其中的RTM真空辅助成型的方法是：真空度0.1MPa，温度为50℃，真空度保持时间为8小时，即得PBO纤维/芳纶纤维增强复合材料。
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