CN106113813A - 一种采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维的混编布 - Google Patents

一种采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维的混编布 Download PDF

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CN106113813A
CN106113813A CN201610463257.XA CN201610463257A CN106113813A CN 106113813 A CN106113813 A CN 106113813A CN 201610463257 A CN201610463257 A CN 201610463257A CN 106113813 A CN106113813 A CN 106113813A
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uhmwpe
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CN106113813B (zh
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邱军
王麒
姚秀超
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Tongji University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维的混编布，UHMWPE纤维具有密度小、比强度高、比模量高、耐化学腐蚀性与耐光辐射性能好、耐冲击、耐磨损、抗切割、低温耐挠曲性好、电磁透射率高、生物相容性好等优点。UHMWPE纤维其本质上是聚乙烯，由于其熔点和维卡软化点很低，所以纤维的耐热性差，蠕变明显。本发明制备的混编纤维布不仅改善了UHMWPE纤维的界面相容性和蠕变明显问题，使其可以用于树脂基复合材料，还解决了因UHMWPE纤维与芳纶纤维直径不同，铺层过多时纤维布层与层之间容易产生孔隙，造成复合材料气孔多和树脂填充后含胶量不均匀，强度下降的问题。该纤维布可以用于树脂基复合材料的增强布料。

Description

一种采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维的混编布
技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维的混编布，尤其是应用于各种树脂基增强复合材料领域的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维混编布。
背景技术
传统的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布通常由单一的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维束编织而成，一般直接纺织成防弹衣或手套等纤维制品，不用于环氧树脂复合材料。虽然有报道对UHMWPE纤维束进行表面改性，以增强其与树脂的界面相容性，但同时也会带来纤维束复丝拉伸强度下降等问题；UHMWPE纤维维卡软化点在85℃，不能长时间在高温下使用，以上两点限制了UHMWPE纤维布在复合材料的应用。专利号CN201410036111.8一种超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维混编布，虽然也是用UHMWPE纤维与芳纶纤维进行混编，但其采用较密的经纬十字排布，因为两种纤维直径不同，在多层铺层后容易产生孔隙，使树脂等基体难以浸润纤维，导致复合材料内部产生气孔，力学性能下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对传统单一的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布制品所存在的耐蠕变性差、界面粘结性差的缺点，提出一种超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维混编布，该结构改善了UHMWPE纤维的界面相容性和耐蠕变性差明显问题，还解决了因UHMWPE纤维与芳纶纤维直径不同，铺层过多时材料容易产生孔隙，造成复合材料气孔多和树脂填充后含胶量不均匀，强度下降的问题。
本发明的技术方案是：
一种采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维的混编布，其中：所述混编布包括一层UHMWPE纤维层和两层UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层；
所述UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层由1-3根UHMWPE纤维和一根芳纶纤维交替布置而成，UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层的厚度为0.12-0.20mm；所述UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层中的纤维束均各自单向平行并列排布，所述UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层为两层，所述两层UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层之间的UHMWPE纤维为错位分布；
所述UHMWPE纤维层的纤维束均各自单向平行并列排布；
所述UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层的一侧铺设一层UHMWPE纤维层，最后进行缝边；所述UHMWPE纤维束在使用前需先用液相氧化和偶联剂溶液联用的方法，对其表面进行预处理。
本发明中，采用液相氧化法对UHMWPE纤维层表面进行处理，所述氧化液由以下重量份的原料混合而成：重铬酸钾3-7重量份，去离子水6-10重量份，浓硫酸90-110重量份。偶联剂溶液组分为：硅烷偶联剂（KH560） 1-3重量份，无水乙醇97-99重量份。
本发明中，为避免UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层中两种纤维直径不同造成铺层过多时可能会产生气孔，在每两层UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层的一侧铺设一层UHMWPE纤维层，以减小纤维布层与层之间的孔隙率。UHMWPE纤维层中纤维束用量为200-300g/m2，厚度0.02-0.06mm。
本发明中，采用液相氧化和偶联剂联用的方法对UHMWPE纤维束表面进行处理，具体步骤如下：
（１）UHMWPE纤维预处理，将UHMWPE纤维放入丙酮溶液中浸泡20-24h。取出后使用乙醇淋洗，然后在60℃条件下低温烘干；
（２）配置氧化液，氧化液由重铬酸3-7重量份、去离子水6-10重量份、浓硫酸90-110重量份混合而成；
（３）将配置好的氧化液倒入玻璃反应釜中，将步骤（１）预处理后的UHMWPE纤维浸没到氧化液液面以下，升温至40-60℃，酸化回流反应6 -8小时；
（４）反应结束后，取出UHMWPE纤维，用去离子水快速淋洗，待UHMWPE纤维洗净后， 60℃低温烘干；
（５）将烘干后的UHMWPE纤维浸入1-3 wt%的硅烷偶联剂KH560，溶剂为无水乙醇，浸泡10min后，取出放入烘箱60℃低温烘干。
本发明中，混编布包括一层UHMWPE纤维层和两层UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层，具体步骤如下：
（1）、将表面预处理后的UHMWPE纤维束与芳纶纤维进行混编，1-3根UHMWPE纤维和一根芳纶纤维交替布置，UHMWPE纤维与芳纶纤维均各自单向平行并列排布；
（2）、将表面预处理后的UHMWPE纤维束编织成UHMWPE纤维层，UHMWPE纤维层的纤维束均各自单向平行并列排布；
（3）、将两层步骤（1）的UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混编层铺设在一起，在他们的一侧再铺设一层步骤（2）的UHMWPE纤维层，最后进行缝边；所有的纤维均各自单向平行并列排布。
本发明的有益效果在于：
UHMWPE纤维具有密度小、比强度高、比模量高、耐化学腐蚀性与耐光辐射性能好、耐冲击、耐磨损、抗切割、低温耐挠曲性好、电磁透射率高、生物相容性好等优点。UHMWPE纤维其本质上是聚乙烯，由于其熔点和维卡软化点很低，所以纤维的耐热性差，蠕变明显。以上两点使其在复合材料的应用受到很大限制。本发明制备的混编纤维布不仅改善了UHMWPE纤维的界面相容性和蠕变明显问题，经液相氧化后纤维表面会带有羟基极性基团，偶联剂一端可以与羟基缩合链接，另一端环氧基团参与环氧树脂的固化反应，从而进一步提高纤维与环氧树脂间界面结合。芳纶纤维本身带有极性基团，与树脂基体有较好的结合；其可以长期在180℃下使用，且力学性能有较高的保留率，因此与芳纶纤维混编后，可以大幅度提升纤维布的界面相容性、耐热性和抗蠕变性。还解决了因UHMWPE纤维与芳纶纤维直径不同，铺层过多时材料容易产生孔隙，造成复合材料气孔多和树脂填充后含胶量不均匀，强度下降的问题。该纤维布可以用于树脂基复合材料的增强布料。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是限制本发明的范围。
实施例l：本发明的UHMWPE纤维和芳纶纤维，UHMWPE纤维和芳纶纤维用量体积比为3:1，厚度0.16mm。
UHMWPE纤维层，纤维束用量为200g/m2，厚度0.04mm。
采用的UHMWPE纤维在编织前使用重铬酸钾3份、去离子水6份、浓硫酸90份的氧化液进行表面处理。
采用1wt%的硅烷偶联剂KH560对UHMWPE纤维的表面进行改性。
UHMWPE纤维和芳纶纤维组成的纤维层的纤维束均各自单向平行并列排布。为了避免两种纤维直径不同造成铺层过多时可能会产生气孔，在每两层混编层的一侧铺设一层UHMWPE纤维层，最后进行缝边。
本混编布制得的复合材料，纤维含量约35.8%时，复合材料的耐热变形提高了61.1%，弯曲强度提高了4.2%。（100℃维卡热变形的升温范围为25℃-100℃，升温速度120℃/h）。
UHMWPE纤维复合材料 实施例1的混编布复合材料
100℃下耐热变形 0.18mm 0.07mm
弯曲强度 225.5MPa 234.9MPa
实施例2：本发明的UHMWPE纤维和芳纶纤维，UHMWPE纤维和芳纶纤维用量体积比为2:1，厚度0.16mm；
UHMWPE纤维层，纤维束用量为200g/m2，厚度0.04mm。
采用的UHMWPE纤维在编织前使用重铬酸钾7份、去离子水10份、浓硫酸110份的氧化液进行表面处理。
采用2wt%的硅烷偶联剂KH560对UHMWPE纤维的表面进行改性。
UHMWPE纤维和芳纶纤维组成的纤维层的纤维束均各自单向平行并列排布。为了避免两种纤维直径不同造成铺层过多时可能会产生气孔，在每两层混编层的一侧铺设一层UHMWPE纤维层，最后进行缝边。
本混编布制得的复合材料，纤维含量约35.8%时，耐热变形提高了66.7%，弯曲强度提高了6.2%。（100℃维卡热变形的升温范围为25℃-100℃，升温速度120℃/h）。
UHMWPE纤维复合材料 实施例2的混编布复合材料
100℃下耐热变形 0.18mm 0.06mm
弯曲强度 225.5MPa 239.4MPa
实施例3：本发明的UHMWPE纤维和芳纶纤维，UHMWPE纤维和芳纶纤维用量体积比为1:1，厚度0.16mm；
UHMWPE纤维层，纤维束用量为200g/m2，厚度0.04mm。
采用的UHMWPE纤维在编织前使用重铬酸钾5份、去离子水8份、浓硫酸100份的氧化液进行表面处理。
采用3wt%的硅烷偶联剂KH560对UHMWPE纤维的表面进行改性。
UHMWPE纤维和芳纶纤维组成的纤维层的纤维束均各自单向平行并列排布。为了避免两种纤维直径不同造成铺层过多时可能会产生气孔，在每两层混编层的一侧铺设一层UHMWPE纤维层，最后进行缝边。
本混编布制得的复合材料，纤维含量约35.8%时，耐热变形提高了72.2%，弯曲强度提高了10.1%。（100℃维卡热变形的升温范围为25℃-100℃，升温速度120℃/h）。
UHMWPE纤维复合材料 实施例2的混编布复合材料
100℃下耐热变形 0.18mm 0.05mm
弯曲强度 225.5MPa 248.3MPa

Claims (3)

1.一种采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维的混编布，其特征在于：所述混编布包括一层UHMWPE纤维层和两层UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层；
所述UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层由1-3根UHMWPE纤维和一根芳纶纤维交替布置而成，UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层的厚度为0.12-0.20mm；
所述UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层中的纤维束均各自单向平行并列排布；
所述UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层为两层；
所述两层UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层之间的UHMWPE纤维为错位分布；
所述UHMWPE纤维层的纤维束均各自单向平行并列排布；
所述UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层的一侧铺设一层UHMWPE纤维层，最后进行缝边；
所述UHMWPE纤维束在使用前需先用液相氧化和偶联剂溶液联用的方法，对其表面进行预处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶纤维的混编布，其特征在于：在UHMWPE纤维束编织成纤维层前，分别采用液相氧化法和偶联剂联用的方法对UHMWPE纤维束表面进行预处理，所述氧化液重量份的原料混合而成：重铬酸钾3-7重量份，去离子水6-10重量份，浓硫酸90-110重量份；偶联剂溶液组分为：硅烷偶联剂KH5601-3重量份，无水乙醇97-99重量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的采用超高分子量聚乙烯与芳纶纤维的混编布，其特征在于：为避免UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层中两种纤维直径不同造成铺层过多时层与层之间可能会产生气孔，在每两层UHMWPE纤维/芳纶纤维混杂层的一侧铺设一层UHMWPE纤维层，以减小纤维布层与层之间的孔隙率，UHMWPE纤维层中纤维束用量为200-300g/m2，厚度0.02-0.06mm。
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