WO2023202348A1 - 电池和用电设备 - Google Patents

电池和用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023202348A1
WO2023202348A1 PCT/CN2023/085205 CN2023085205W WO2023202348A1 WO 2023202348 A1 WO2023202348 A1 WO 2023202348A1 CN 2023085205 W CN2023085205 W CN 2023085205W WO 2023202348 A1 WO2023202348 A1 WO 2023202348A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
fiber
protective plate
battery according
top cover
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/085205
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胥恩东
李婷
肖志伟
牛少军
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023202348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023202348A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/227—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery and electrical equipment.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery and electrical equipment that can protect the battery box from airflow impact and high-temperature melting caused by thermal runaway of the battery, thereby enhancing the safety performance of the battery.
  • a battery including: a battery cell, a pressure relief mechanism is provided on the first wall of the battery cell; a protective plate, the protective plate is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism, wherein,
  • the protective board is a polymer matrix composite fiber board.
  • the battery includes a battery cell, and a pressure relief mechanism for protecting the battery cell is provided on the first wall of the battery cell; the battery also includes a protective plate, and the protective plate is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism, that is, the protective plate The plate is facing the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the protective board is a polymer matrix composite fiber board, which can withstand high temperatures and impact. by adding The pressure relief mechanism is set opposite to the protective plate. When the battery cell undergoes thermal runaway, the protective plate of the polymer matrix composite fiber can block the high temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure relief mechanism and protect the battery box from the impact of airflow. and melt at high temperatures to ensure the safety of the battery.
  • the polymer matrix composite fiber board is a fiber-reinforced resin composite board.
  • fiber-reinforced resin composite panels are prepared as protective panels using resins in polymer materials as the matrix. Compared with other polymer material matrices, fiber-reinforced resin composite panels have better high temperature resistance and impact resistance. .
  • the battery cell is accommodated in a box, and the first wall is a wall of the battery cell close to the top cover of the box and opposite to the top cover.
  • the pressure relief mechanism faces the top cover.
  • the protective plate is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism, that is, the protective plate is arranged close to the top cover.
  • the protective plate is integrated with the top cover.
  • the protective plate and the top cover are integrated.
  • the protective plate and the top cover can be used together as the top cover of the battery, and the protective plate can also be used alone as the top cover of the battery.
  • the protective plate protects the top cover and thereby better protects the battery.
  • the protective plate alone serves as the top cover of the battery, it protects the battery top cover from high temperature and airflow impact and at the same time makes the structure of the battery top cover simpler.
  • the protective plate is provided between the top cover and the first wall.
  • the protective plate is arranged between the top cover and the first wall, that is, the protective plate is arranged between the top cover and the pressure relief mechanism. In this way, the protective plate can directly protect the top cover from high temperature and airflow impact, thereby enhancing the safety performance of the battery.
  • the size of the protective plate and the top cover are the same.
  • the protective plate is arranged between the top cover and the first wall.
  • the protective plate can not only protect the top cover from the high temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure relief mechanism, but also improve the sealing effect inside the battery.
  • the same size of the protective plate and the top cover also facilitates assembly and reduces the difficulty of assembly.
  • the size of the protective plate is smaller than that of the top cover.
  • the protective plate is arranged between the top cover and the first wall.
  • the protective plate can protect the top cover on the one hand and reduce the cost on the other hand.
  • the protective plate is in a strip shape, and a projection of the protective plate on the first wall covers the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the protective plate is arranged between the top cover and the first wall.
  • the protective plate can maintain a good protective effect on the top cover on the one hand, and on the other hand can reduce costs to the greatest extent and avoid materials in non-protected areas. of waste.
  • the protective plate and the top cover are connected by bolts or glue.
  • bolts or glue are used to realize the connection between the protective plate and the top cover.
  • This connection method is simple to implement, has strong operability, and is conducive to widespread use in production.
  • the battery cell is accommodated in a box, and the first wall is a wall of the battery cell close to the bottom wall of the box and opposite to the bottom wall.
  • the pressure relief mechanism faces the bottom wall.
  • the protective plate is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism, that is, the protective plate is arranged near the bottom wall.
  • the protective plate is integrated with the bottom wall of the box.
  • the protective plate is integrated with the bottom wall.
  • the protective plate and the bottom wall can together serve as the bottom wall of the battery, or the protective plate alone can serve as the bottom wall of the battery.
  • the protective plate protects the bottom wall, thereby better protecting the safety of the battery.
  • the protective plate alone serves as the bottom wall of the battery, while protecting the bottom wall of the battery from high temperature and airflow impact, the structure of the bottom wall of the battery is simpler.
  • the protective plate is provided between the bottom wall and the first wall.
  • the protective plate is arranged between the bottom wall and the first wall, that is, the protective plate is arranged between the bottom wall and the pressure relief mechanism. In this way, the protective plate can directly protect the bottom wall from high temperature and airflow impact to ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • a thermal management component is disposed between the protective plate and the first wall, and the thermal management component is used to contain fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell.
  • the protective plate is disposed between the first wall and the battery box or the protective plate is directly used as the battery box to protect the battery box from high temperature and airflow impact, thereby enhancing the safety performance of the battery.
  • a thermal management component is installed between the first wall and the protective plate to adjust the temperature of the battery cells. The temperature of the battery cells can be adjusted according to the actual needs of the battery cells, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the battery cells.
  • the thermal management component is provided with a weak area opposite to the pressure relief mechanism, and the weak area is configured to be able to be damaged by the battery cell when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated. The discharge of the body is destroyed so that the discharge passes through the weak zone.
  • the protective plate is arranged between the first wall and the battery box or the protective plate is directly used as the battery box, which can protect the safety of the battery box.
  • Providing a thermal management component between the first wall and the protective plate can adjust the temperature of the battery cell according to the actual needs of the battery cell, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the battery cell. Setting a weak zone on the thermal management component allows when the weak zone is damaged by airflow impact or high temperature, the emissions can be quickly drained through the weak zone and away from the battery cell, reducing the danger of the emissions to the battery, thus enabling Enhance battery safety performance.
  • a heat insulation component is provided between the protective plate and the box.
  • adding a protective plate between the first wall provided with the pressure relief mechanism and the box body can protect the battery box body from the impact of high temperature and high-speed airflow. Installing heat insulation components between the protective plate and the box can further reduce the temperature of the box and further enhance the safety performance of the battery.
  • the heat insulation component is an air sandwich.
  • the air interlayer is used as a heat insulation component and is arranged between the protective plate and the box, which can further reduce the temperature of the box and enhance the safety performance of the battery.
  • the protective panel includes multiple fiber-reinforced resin layers, and the fiber-reinforced resin layers are compositely formed of fiber materials and resin materials.
  • the fiber-reinforced resin is a material that can withstand high temperature and impact.
  • the protective plate can protect the box when the high temperature and excrement inside the battery cell rush out of the battery cell. , protecting the box from the impact of high-temperature melting and high-speed emissions, thereby protecting the safety of the battery.
  • the resin material is silicone-based airgel modified resin or high-temperature resistant flame retardant resin.
  • the material composed of fiber and resin has high temperature resistance and impact resistance.
  • the use of silicone-based aerogel modified resin or high-temperature flame-retardant resin can further improve the high-temperature resistance and impact resistance of the protective board.
  • the fiber material is glass fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, quartz fiber, high silica fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, mullite fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, oxide fiber, etc.
  • the fiber material is a ceramic fiber material.
  • the material composed of fiber and resin has high temperature resistance and impact resistance. Ceramic fiber materials have superior high temperature resistance than other fiber materials.
  • the ceramic fiber material is silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.
  • the protective plate prepared by using silicon oxide or aluminum oxide has the best high temperature resistance.
  • the thickness of the fiber material is 6-100um.
  • fiber materials with a thickness of 6-100um are used, which can not only make the protective plate have high temperature resistance and impact resistance, but also reduce production costs.
  • the thickness of the protective plate is 0.2-5mm.
  • a protective plate with a thickness of 0.2-5 mm is used, which can not only make the protective plate resistant to high temperatures and impact, but also reduce production costs.
  • an electrical device including the battery described in any one of the above embodiments, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic half-section structural diagram of a battery box according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery top cover according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery bottom wall according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic half-section structural diagram of a battery box according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic exploded view of the battery bottom wall according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber resin reinforced layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Vehicle 1 Battery 2, battery cell 6, protective plate 8; Box 20, electrode assembly 61, shell 62, electrode terminal 63, connecting member 64, pressure relief mechanism 65, thermal management component 66, heat insulation component 67, fiber reinforced resin layer 81, fiber material layer 811, fiber pores 812;
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the battery cells may include lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, magnesium metal batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. For convenience of explanation, the following embodiments take a lithium metal battery as an example.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • a battery box as an energy source is installed in the car, and the battery in the battery box discharges to drive the electric motor of the new energy vehicle.
  • the requirements for battery energy density are also constantly increasing.
  • high-energy battery systems with silicon-doped anodes when the battery When a single battery or multiple batteries in the system are thermally out of control, they can produce gas with a temperature >1500°C.
  • the maximum speed of the gas is greater than the speed of sound, the existing aerogel-based thermal insulation materials can no longer block the temperature impact and airflow impact of such high-temperature and high-speed airflow. Therefore, the aerogel-based thermal insulation materials will be damaged. Structural thermal and mechanical disintegration, leading to protection failure.
  • the high-temperature and high-speed airflow rushes through the battery pack box, causing the battery box made of steel plate with a melting point of 1500°C to directly burn and continue to burn for about 30 seconds, directly destroying the main body of the new energy vehicle and endangering the safety of passengers.
  • a protective plate is provided in the battery pack box.
  • the protective plate can block the high-temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture generated when the battery is thermally out of control, and protect the battery box from airflow impact and high-temperature melting, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the protective plate described in the embodiment of this application is suitable for batteries and electrical equipment using batteries.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery 2 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a box 20 , a battery cell 6 and a protective plate 8 .
  • the battery cells 6 and the protective plate 8 are accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the box 20 is used to accommodate the battery cells 6 .
  • the box 20 can be of various structures.
  • the box body 20 may include a first box body part 201 and a second box body part 202.
  • the first box body part 201 and the second box body part 202 cover each other.
  • the first box body part 201 and the second box body part 202 cover each other.
  • the two box parts 202 jointly define an accommodation space 203 for accommodating the battery cells 6 .
  • the second box part 202 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 201 is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 201 covers the open side of the second box part 202 to form a receiving space 203
  • the box 20; Both the first box part 201 and the second box part 202 may also be hollow structures with one side open.
  • the open side of the first box part 201 is covered with the open side of the second box part 202 to form a container. Box 20 in space 203.
  • the first box part 201 and the second box part 202 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box part 201 and the second box part 202, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 201 can also be called a top cover
  • the second box part 202 can also be called a bottom wall.
  • the battery 2 has a plurality of battery cells 6 .
  • Multiple battery cells 6 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells 6 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 6 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 6 can be accommodated in the box 20 ; of course, the plurality of battery cells 6 can also be connected in series first. They may be connected in parallel or mixed to form a battery module (not shown in the figure), and multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and be accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 6 in the battery module can be electrically connected through bus components to achieve parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 6 in the battery module.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 6 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 6 includes one or more electrode assemblies 61 , a housing 621 and an end cap 622 .
  • Housing 621 and end cap 622 form housing or battery case 62.
  • the wall of the casing 621 and the end cover 622 are both called the wall of the battery cell 6 .
  • the wall of the casing 621 includes a bottom wall and four side walls.
  • the housing 621 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 61.
  • the housing 621 can be a hollow rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or a cylinder, and one surface of the housing 621 has an opening to accommodate one or more electrodes.
  • Component 61 may be placed within housing 621.
  • one of the planes of the housing 621 is an opening surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 621 are connected.
  • the housing 621 can be a hollow cylinder
  • the end surface of the housing 621 is an open surface, that is, the end surface does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 621 are connected.
  • the end cap 622 covers the opening and is connected with the housing 621 to form a closed cavity in which the electrode assembly 61 is placed.
  • the housing 621 is filled with electrolyte, such as electrolytic solution.
  • the battery cell 6 may further include two electrode terminals 63 , and the two electrode terminals 63 may be provided on the end cap 622 .
  • the end cap 622 is usually in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 63 are fixed on the flat surface of the end cap 622.
  • the two electrode terminals 63 are respectively the positive electrode terminal 631 and the negative electrode terminal 632.
  • Each electrode terminal 63 is provided with a corresponding A connecting member 64 , which may also be called a current collecting member 64 , is disposed between the end cap 622 and the electrode assembly 61 for electrically connecting the electrode assembly 61 and the electrode terminal 63 .
  • the battery assembly 61 can be provided as a single or multiple ones according to actual usage requirements. As shown in FIG. 3 , the battery cell 6 is provided with four independent battery assemblies 61 .
  • the battery cell 6 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 is used to be activated when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 6 reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • FIG 4 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a battery cell 6, and a pressure relief mechanism 65 is provided on the first wall of the battery cell 6; a protective plate 8, which is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 65, wherein the protective plate 8 is a polymer matrix composite fiber board.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 is a structural component that is activated to release the internal pressure of the battery cell 6 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 6 reaches a threshold.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 may be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 6 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65 reaches a threshold; and/or the pressure relief mechanism 65 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism.
  • the pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism is configured to rupture when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 6 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65 reaches a threshold value. This application does not place any restrictions on the type of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the battery 2 includes a battery cell 6, and a pressure relief mechanism 65 for protecting the battery cell 6 is provided on the first wall of the battery cell 6.
  • the battery 2 also includes a protective plate 8 , which is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 65 , that is, the protective plate 8 faces the pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the protective board 8 is a polymer matrix composite fiber board, which can withstand high temperatures and impact.
  • the protective plate 8 of the polymer matrix composite fiber can block the high temperature and pressure released by the pressure relief mechanism 65.
  • the high-speed gas-solid mixture protects the battery shell from airflow impact and high-temperature melting, thereby ensuring the safety of battery 2.
  • the polymer matrix composite fiber board is a fiber-reinforced resin composite board.
  • a fiber-reinforced resin composite board is prepared as the protective plate 8 using resin in a polymer material as a matrix. Compared with other polymer material matrices, the fiber-reinforced resin composite board has better high temperature resistance and impact resistance.
  • the battery cell 6 is accommodated in the box 20 , and the first wall is the wall of the battery cell 6 close to the top cover 201 of the box 20 and opposite to the top cover 201 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 is close to and faces the top cover 201 .
  • the protective plate 8 is provided between the pressure relief mechanism 65 and the top cover 201 .
  • the protective plate 8 of the polymer matrix composite fiber can block the high temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure relief mechanism 65.
  • the top cover 201 of the battery 2 is protected from airflow impact and high temperature melting, thereby protecting the safety of the battery 2 .
  • Figure 5 is a schematic half-section structural diagram of a battery box according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 5 , optionally, the protective plate 8 is integrated with the top cover 201 .
  • the protective plate 8 and the top cover 201 are integrated, that is, the protective plate 8 and the top cover 201 can together serve as the top cover 201 of the battery 2.
  • the protective plate 8 can also serve alone as the top cover 201 of the battery 2 as shown in Figure 5.
  • the top cover 201 of the battery 2 has a two-layer structure.
  • the protective plate 8 protects the top cover 201, thereby better protecting the safety of the battery 2.
  • the protective plate 8 alone serves as the top cover 201 of the battery 2 the protective plate 8 can not only protect the top cover 201 of the battery 2 from high temperature and airflow impact, but also make the structure of the battery 2 simpler and reduce the production cost of the battery 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a top cover according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the top cover 201 may have an irregular shape.
  • the top cover 201 can also be square, round, etc. This application does not impose any limitation on this. That is, during the production process, the top cover 201 and the protective plate 8 can be manufactured in any shape according to specific product needs. .
  • the protective plate 8 is provided between the top cover 201 and the first wall.
  • the protective plate 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the first wall, that is, the pressure relief mechanism 65 faces the top cover 201 , and the protective plate 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the protective plate 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the pressure relief structure 65 , and the pressure relief mechanism 65 faces the top cover 201 . In this way, the protective plate 8 can directly protect the top cover 201 so that the top cover 201 facing the pressure relief mechanism 65 is protected from the impact of high temperature and airflow to ensure the safety of the battery 2 .
  • the protective plate 8 and the top cover 201 have the same size.
  • the protective plate 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the pressure relief structure 65 and the protective plate 8 and the top cover 201 have the same size, so that the protective plate 8 can protect the top cover 201 more comprehensively.
  • the protective plate 8 when the protective plate 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the pressure relief structure 65 and the protective plate 8 and the top cover 201 have the same size, the protective plate 8 can not only protect the top cover 201 more comprehensively, so that the top cover 201 free from The high-temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure relief mechanism 65 can also improve the sealing effect on the inside of the battery 2 .
  • the same size of the protective plate 8 and the top cover 201 also facilitates assembly and reduces the difficulty of assembly.
  • Figure 7 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery according to yet another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7 , optionally, the size of the protective plate 8 is smaller than the top cover 201 .
  • the protective plate 8 is provided between the top cover 201 and the first wall provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the protective plate 8 can not only protect the top cover 201 to improve the safety performance of the battery 2, but also reduce the production cost.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • the protective plate 8 is in a strip shape, and the projection of the protective plate 8 on the first wall covers the pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the shape of the protective plate 8 can be a bar shape as shown in FIG. 8 , a circle, or any other shape. As long as the projection of the protective plate 8 on the first wall covers the pressure relief mechanism 65 , the battery 2 can be protected. The function of the box is sufficient, and the shape of the protective plate 8 is not limited in this application.
  • the protective plate 8 is provided between the top cover 201 and the first wall.
  • the protective plate 8 When the protective plate 8 is in a strip shape and the projection on the first wall covers the pressure relief mechanism 65, the protective plate 8 can maintain a good protective effect on the top cover 201 on the one hand, and on the other hand can reduce the cost to the greatest extent and avoid Waste of material in unprotected areas.
  • the protective plate 8 and the top cover 201 are connected by bolts or glue.
  • connection method is simple to implement, has strong operability, and is conducive to widespread use in production.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery bottom wall according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 6 is accommodated in the box 20
  • the first wall is a wall of the battery cell 6 close to the bottom wall 202 of the box 20 and opposite to the bottom wall 202 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 is close to and toward the bottom wall 202 .
  • the protective plate 8 is provided between the pressure relief mechanism 65 and the bottom wall 202 .
  • the polymer matrix composite fiber is The protective plate 8 can block the high-temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure relief mechanism 65, and protect the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 from airflow impact and high-temperature melting, thereby protecting the safety of the battery 2.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic half-section structural diagram of a battery box according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 10 , optionally, the protective plate 8 is integrated with the bottom wall 202 .
  • the protective plate 8 is integrated with the bottom wall 202 , that is, the protective plate 8 and the bottom wall 202 can together serve as the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 .
  • the protective plate 8 can also serve alone as the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 has a two-layer structure.
  • the protective plate 8 protects the bottom wall 202, thereby better protecting the safety of the battery 2.
  • the protective plate 8 alone serves as the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 the protective plate 8 can not only protect the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 from high temperature and airflow impact, but also make the structure of the battery 2 simpler and reduce the production cost of the battery 2.
  • the protective plate 8 When the pressure relief mechanism 65 inside the battery 2 only faces the top cover 201, the protective plate 8 is integrated with the top cover 201 to protect the safety of the battery 2; when the pressure relief mechanism 65 only faces the bottom wall 202, the protective plate 8 and the bottom wall 202 integrated settings to protect the safety of battery 2.
  • protective plates 8 can be provided on both the top cover 201 and the bottom wall 202 . This application does not specifically limit the placement of the protective plate 8 in the battery 2. As long as the pressure relief mechanism 65 of the battery cell 6 in the battery 2 has the protective plate 8 facing the wall, that is, the protective plate 8 can be a top cover.
  • the protective plate 8 can also be a crossbeam in the battery 2.
  • the specific position of the protective plate 8 can be modified according to the arrangement position of the battery cells 6 in the battery 2, or can be set at any position in the battery 2 according to actual application needs.
  • the protective plate 8 is provided between the bottom wall 202 and the first wall.
  • the protective plate 8 is disposed between the bottom wall 202 and the first wall, that is, the pressure relief mechanism 65 faces the bottom wall 202 , and the protective plate 8 is disposed between the bottom wall 202 and the pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the protective plate 8 is disposed between the bottom wall 202 and the pressure relief structure 65 , and the pressure relief mechanism 65 faces the top cover 201 . In this way, the protective plate 8 can directly protect the bottom wall 202 so that the bottom wall 202 facing the pressure relief mechanism 65 is protected from the impact of high temperature and air flow, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery 2 .
  • a thermal management component 66 is disposed between the protective plate 8 and the first wall.
  • the thermal management component 66 is used to contain fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 6 .
  • the thermal management component 66 is used to contain fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cell 6 .
  • the fluid here may be a liquid or a gas, and adjusting the temperature refers to heating or cooling the battery cell 6 .
  • the thermal management component 66 is used to contain cooling fluid to lower the temperature of the battery cell 6.
  • the thermal management The component 66 may also be called a cooling component, a cooling system, a cooling plate, etc., and the fluid contained therein may also be called a cooling medium or cooling fluid, and more specifically, may be called a cooling liquid or cooling gas.
  • the thermal management component 66 can also be used for heating to raise the temperature of the battery cell 6, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the fluid may be circulated to achieve better temperature regulation effect.
  • the fluid may be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air.
  • the protective plate 8 is arranged between the first wall and the battery 2 box or the protective plate 8 is directly used as the battery 2 box to protect the battery 2 box from high temperature and airflow impact, thereby protecting the safety of the battery 2 .
  • a thermal management component for adjusting the temperature of the battery cell 6 is provided between the first wall and the protective plate 8 . The temperature of the battery cell 6 can be adjusted according to the needs of the battery cell 6 so that the battery cell 6 can operate normally.
  • the thermal management component 66 is provided with a weak zone 661 opposite the pressure relief mechanism 65 , the weak zone 661 is configured to be destroyed by the emissions from the battery cell 6 when the pressure relief mechanism 65 is actuated, so that the discharge The object passes through the weak zone 661.
  • the weak area 661 can adopt various arrangements to facilitate the destruction of emissions, and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any limitation on this.
  • Thermal management component 66 may have thermally conductive material forming flow channels for the fluid. The fluid flows in the flow channel and conducts heat through the thermally conductive material to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 6 .
  • the weak area 661 may only have thermal conductive material without fluid, forming a thin layer of thermally conductive material, which is easily damaged by emissions.
  • the side of the weak area 661 close to the bottom wall 202 may be a layer of thermally conductive material to form the weak area 661 .
  • the protective plate 8 is arranged between the first wall and the battery 2 box or the protective plate 8 is directly used as the battery 2 box, which can protect the safety of the battery 2 .
  • the thermal management component 66 provided between the first wall and the protective plate 8 can adjust the temperature of the battery cell 6 according to the actual needs of the battery cell 6 to ensure the normal function of the battery cell 6 .
  • Providing a weak area 661 on the thermal management component 66 can allow when the weak area 661 is damaged by airflow impact or high temperature, the emissions can be quickly drained away through the weak area 661 and away from the battery cell 6 , reducing the impact of the emissions on the battery 2 risk, thus enhancing the safety performance of battery 2.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic exploded view of the battery bottom wall according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11 , in one embodiment of the present application, a heat insulation component 67 is provided between the protective plate 8 and the box 20 .
  • adding the protective plate 8 between the first wall provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65 and the box 20 can protect the battery 2 box 20 from the impact of high temperature and high-speed airflow. Further disposing the heat insulation component 67 between the protective plate 8 and the box 20 can further reduce the temperature of the box 20 and protect the safety of the battery 2 .
  • the air component 67 is an air sandwich.
  • the purpose of adding the heat insulation component 67 is to further reduce the temperature of the box 20. Using an air sandwich as the heat insulation component 67 will greatly reduce the heat transfer from the inside of the battery 2 to the box 20, and the heat insulation effect is very obvious.
  • an air interlayer is provided as the heat insulation component 67 between the protective plate 8 and the box 20 , which can further reduce the temperature of the box 20 and enhance the safety performance of the battery 2 .
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber-reinforced resin layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the protective plate 8 includes multiple fiber-reinforced resin layers 81 , and the fiber-reinforced resin layer 81 is composed of fiber materials and resin materials.
  • the single fiber material layer 811 can be immersed in the resin material slurry, so that the resin material slurry is fully infiltrated into the fiber pores 812 in the single fiber material layer 811, and then baked at a temperature of 60°C-120°C. In 3-30 minutes, the fiber-reinforced resin layer 81 is obtained. 1-20 layers of fiber-reinforced resin layers 81 are laminated and hot-pressed under a pressure of 0.1-10 MPa and a temperature of 100°C-200°C to form the protective plate 8 .
  • the resin material slurry can be made of water-based elastic coating, resin material, flame retardant, dispersant, coupling agent, silica powder, and short fibers according to the mass ratio (35-55): 15-34): (15-20): (1-3): (0.5-3): (1-3): (0.5-3) Composition.
  • the fiber-reinforced resin material in the embodiment of the present application is a material that is dark brown in color and has good acid resistance, mechanical properties, and heat resistance. Even at very high temperatures, it can maintain its structural integrity and Due to its dimensional stability, it is widely used in anti-corrosion engineering, adhesives and flame retardants.
  • fiber-reinforced resin is a material that can withstand high temperatures and impact.
  • the protective plate 8 is made of this material and is arranged between the pressure relief mechanism 65 and the box 20 . When the high temperature and waste inside the battery cell 6 rush out of the battery cell 6 , the protective plate 8 can protect the box 20 from the impact of high temperature melting and high-speed emissions, thereby protecting the safety of the battery 2 .
  • the resin material is silicone-based airgel modified resin or high temperature resistant flame retardant resin.
  • the resin material in the embodiments of the present application may be silicone-based airgel modified resin or high temperature resistant flame retardant resin.
  • the material composed of fiber and resin has high temperature resistance and impact resistance.
  • the high temperature resistance and impact resistance of the protective plate 8 can be further improved by using silicon-based airgel modified resin or high temperature resistant flame retardant resin.
  • the fiber material may be glass fiber, carbon fiber, quartz fiber, high silica fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, mullite fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fiber, boron nitride fiber, basalt At least one of fiber, brucite fiber, attapulgite fiber, boron fiber, carbon nanotube, aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and other fibers.
  • the fiber material is ceramic fiber material.
  • ceramic fiber has outstanding high temperature resistance among various fiber materials.
  • the material composed of fiber and resin has high temperature resistance and impact resistance. Ceramic fiber materials have superior high temperature resistance than other fiber materials.
  • the ceramic fiber material is silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.
  • the protective plate 8 made of silicon oxide or aluminum oxide has the best high temperature resistance.
  • the thickness of the fiber material is 6-100um.
  • fiber materials with a thickness of 6-100um are used, which can not only make the protective plate 8 have high temperature resistance and impact resistance, but also reduce production costs.
  • the thickness of the protective plate 8 is 0.2-5mm.
  • the protective plate 8 with a thickness of 0.2-5mm is used, which can not only make the protective plate 8 resistant to high temperatures and impact, but also reduce production costs.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery 2 in the previous embodiment, and the battery 2 is used to provide electric energy.
  • the protective panels made of fiber-reinforced resin materials were tested for tensile properties, and the test results are shown in Table 1; the compressive properties were tested, and the test results were shown in Table 2; the flexural properties were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 3; The shear performance test of the broken beam was carried out, and the test results are shown in Table 4; the impact performance test was carried out, and the test results are shown in Table 5.
  • the hardness test of the protective plate with a thickness of 3mm showed that the Shore D hardness was 87 and the Barcol hardness was 46.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种电池和用电设备。该电池包括电池单体，电池单体的第一壁上设置有泄压机构；防护板，防护板与泄压机构相对设置，其中，防护板为高分子基体复合纤维板。本申请提供的技术方案能够保护电池箱体免受电池热失控时产生气流冲击和高温熔化，从而增强了电池的安全性能。

Description

电池和用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2022年4月21日提交的名称为“电池和用电设备”的中国专利申请202210423355.6的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引入并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池和用电设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动汽车由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动汽车而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池和用电设备，能够保护电池箱体免受电池热失控时产生气流冲击和高温熔化，从而增强了电池的安全性能。
第一方面，提供了一种电池，包括：电池单体，所述电池单体的第一壁上设置有泄压机构；防护板，所述防护板与所述泄压机构相对设置，其中，所述防护板为高分子基体复合纤维板。
本申请实施例中，该电池包括电池单体，电池单体的第一壁上设置有用于保护电池单体的泄压机构；电池还包括防护板，防护板与泄压机构相对设置，即防护板正对着泄压机构。防护板为高分子基体复合纤维板，可以耐高温和耐冲击。通过将 泄压机构与防护板相对设置，当电池单体发生热失控时，高分子基体复合纤维的防护板可以阻挡泄压机构所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，保护电池箱体免受气流冲击和高温熔化，从而保证电池的安全。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述高分子基体复合纤维板为纤维增强树脂复合板。
本申请实施例中，以高分子材料中的树脂为基体制备纤维增强树脂复合板作为防护板，相较于其他的高分子材料基体，纤维增强树脂复合板的耐高温和耐冲击性能都较好。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述电池单体容纳于箱体内，所述第一壁为所述电池单体的靠近所述箱体的顶盖且与所述顶盖相对设置的壁。
本申请实施例中，当第一壁为电池单体靠近箱体的顶盖且与顶盖相对设置的壁时，泄压机构朝向顶盖。防护板与泄压机构相对设置，即防护板设置在靠近顶盖附近。当电池单体发生热失控时，高分子基体复合纤维的防护板可以阻挡泄压机构所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，保护电池顶盖免受气流冲击和高温熔化。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板与所述顶盖集成设置。
本申请实施例中，防护板与顶盖集成设置。防护板与顶盖可以一起作为电池的顶盖，防护板也可以单独作为电池的顶盖。当防护板与顶盖一起作为电池的顶盖时，防护板保护顶盖，进而更好的保护电池。当防护板单独作为电池的顶盖时，在保护电池顶盖免受高温和气流冲击的同时，使电池顶盖的结构更加简单。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板设置于所述顶盖与所述第一壁之间。
本申请实施例中，防护板设置在顶盖和第一壁之间，即防护板设置在顶盖和泄压机构之间。这样防护板可以直接保护顶盖，使得顶盖免受高温和气流冲击，以增强电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板与所述顶盖尺寸相同。
本申请实施例中，防护板设置在顶盖和第一壁之间。当防护板与顶盖尺寸相同时，防护板不仅可以保护顶盖，使得顶盖免受泄压机构所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，还可以提高对电池内部的密封作用。另外，防护板与顶盖尺寸相同也有利于装配，降低了装配难度。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板的尺寸小于所述顶盖。
本申请实施例中，防护板设置在顶盖和第一壁之间。当防护板的尺寸小于顶盖时，防护板一方面可以保护顶盖，另一方面还降低了成本。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板为条状，所述防护板在所述第一壁上的投影覆盖所述泄压机构。
本申请实施例中，防护板设置在顶盖和第一壁之间。当防护板为条状并且在第一壁上的投影覆盖泄压机构时，防护板一方面可以维持对顶盖良好的保护效果，另一方面可以最大程度上的降低成本，避免非保护区域材料的浪费。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板与所述顶盖通过螺栓或胶粘连接。
本申请实施例中，利用螺栓或胶粘以实现防护板与顶盖的连接，该连接方式实现方式简单，可操作性强，有利于在生产中广泛运用。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述电池单体容纳于箱体内，所述第一壁为所述电池单体的靠近所述箱体的底壁且与所述底壁相对设置的壁。
本申请实施例中，当第一壁为电池单体靠近箱体的底壁且与底壁相对设置的壁时，泄压机构朝向底壁。防护板与泄压机构相对设置，即防护板设置在靠近底壁附近。当电池单体内部发生热失控时，高分子基体复合纤维的防护板可以阻挡泄压机构所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，保护电池底壁免受气流冲击和高温熔化。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板与所述箱体的底壁集成设置。
本申请实施例中，防护板与底壁集成设置。防护板与底壁可以一起作为电池的底壁，防护板也可以单独作为电池的底壁。当防护板与底壁一起作为电池的底壁时，防护板保护底壁，进而更好的保护电池安全。当防护板单独作为电池的底壁时，在维护电池底壁免受高温和气流冲击的同时，电池底壁的结构更加简单。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板设置于所述底壁与所述第一壁之间。
本申请实施例中，防护板设置在底壁和第一壁之间，即防护板设置在底壁和泄压机构之间。这样防护板可以直接保护底壁，使得底壁免受高温和气流冲击，以保证电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板与所述第一壁之间设置有热管理部件，所述热管理部件用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度。
本申请实施例中，防护板设置在第一壁与电池箱体之间或防护板直接作为电池的箱体，以保护电池箱体免受高温和气流冲击，进而增强电池的安全性能。在第 一壁和防护板之间设置给电池单体调节温度的热管理部件，可以根据电池单体的实际需求对电池单体进行温度调节，进而保证电池单体的正常工作。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述热管理部件设置有与所述泄压机构相对设置的薄弱区，所述薄弱区被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时能够被所述电池单体的排放物破坏，以使所述排放物穿过所述薄弱区。
本申请实施例中，防护板设置在第一壁与电池箱体之间或防护板直接作为电池箱体，可以保护电池箱体的安全。在第一壁和防护板之间设置热管理部件可以根据电池单体的实际需求对电池单体进行温度调节，进而保证电池单体的正常工作。在热管理部件上设置薄弱区，可以使得当气流冲击或高温破坏薄弱区时，排放物可以穿过薄弱区迅速被排走而远离电池单体，降低了排放物对电池的危险性，从而能够增强电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板与所述箱体之间设置有隔热部件。
本申请实施例中，在设置有泄压机构的第一壁和箱体之间增加防护板可以保护电池箱体免受高温与高速的气流冲击。在防护板和箱体之间再设置隔热部件，可以进一步降低箱体温度，进一步增强电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述隔热部件为空气夹层。
本申请实施例中，将空气夹层作为隔热部件设置在防护板和箱体之间，可以进一步降低箱体温度，增强电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板包括多层纤维增强树脂层，所述纤维增强树脂层由纤维材料和树脂材料复合形成。
本申请实施例中，纤维增强树脂是一种可以耐高温、耐冲击的材料。通过采用该材料制备而成的防护板，并将防护板设置在泄压机构与箱体之间，当电池单体内部的高温和排泄物告诉冲出电池单体时，防护板可以保护箱体，使箱体免受高温熔化和高速排放物的冲击，进而保护电池的安全。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述树脂材料为硅基气凝胶改性树脂或耐高温阻燃性树脂。
本申请实施例中，用纤维和树脂复合而成的材料具备耐高温和耐冲击的性能。采用硅基气凝胶改性树脂或耐高温阻燃性树脂这两类材料可以进一步提高防护板的耐高温与耐冲击性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述纤维材料为玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维、凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维等纤维中的至少一种。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述纤维材料为陶瓷纤维材料。
本申请实施例中，用纤维和树脂复合而成的材料具备耐高温和耐冲击的性能。陶瓷纤维材料较其他的纤维材料有着更优越的耐高温性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述陶瓷纤维材料为氧化硅或氧化铝。
本申请实施例中，采用氧化硅或氧化铝所制备出的防护板，其耐高温性能最佳。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述纤维材料的厚度为6-100um。
本申请实施例中，采用厚度为6-100um的纤维材料，既可以使防护板具备耐高温和耐冲击的性能，又能降低生产成本。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述防护板的厚度为0.2-5mm。
本申请实施例中，采用厚度为0.2-5mm的防护板，既可以使防护板具备耐高温和耐冲击的性能，又能降低生产成本。
第二方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
图1是本申请一实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4是本申请另一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例的电池箱体的半剖结构示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例的电池顶盖的示意图；
图7是本申请又一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图8是本申请又一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图9是本申请一实施例的电池底壁的分解结构示意图；
图10是本申请另一实施例的电池箱体的半剖结构示意图；
图11是本申请另一实施例的电池底壁的分解结构示意图；
图12是本申请一实施例的纤维树脂增强层的结构示意图；
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
车辆1，电池2，电池单体6，防护板8；
箱体20，电极组件61，外壳62，电极端子63，连接构件64，泄压机构65，热管理部
件66，隔热部件67，纤维增强树脂层81，纤维材料层811，纤维孔隙812；
第一箱体部/顶盖201，第二箱体部/底壁202，容纳空间203，壳体621，端盖622，正
电极端子631，负电极端子632，薄弱区661。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A 和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂金属电池、钠金属电池或镁金属电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。以下实施例为了方便说明，以锂金属电池为例进行说明。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
在新能源电池汽车中，作为能源的电池箱被安装在汽车内，电池箱中的电池放电驱动新能源汽车的电动机运转。随着人们对新能源汽车的要求逐渐提高，对电池的能量密度的要求也在不断的提高。对于阳极掺硅的高能量电池体系来说，当电池 体系内的单个电池或多个电池热失控时，其能产生温度＞1500℃的气体。当气体最高速度大于声速时，现有技术中以气凝胶为主的隔热材料已经无法阻挡住如此高温高速气流的温度冲击和气流冲击，因此会使气凝胶为主的隔热材料发生结构上的热解体和机械解体，导致防护失效。高温高速气流冲穿电池包箱体，使熔点为1500℃的钢板制的电池箱体直接燃烧，并且持续燃烧约30s，直接破坏新能源汽车主体，危害到乘客的安全。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种技术方案。在电池包箱体内设置一种防护板材，该防护板材能够阻挡电池热失控时产生的高温、高速气固混合物，保护电池箱体免受气流冲击和高温熔化，从而提高电池的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的防护板适用于电池和使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电池2的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括箱体20、电池单体6和防护板8。电池单体6和防护板8容纳于箱体20内。
箱体20用于容纳电池单体6。箱体20可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202，第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202相互盖合，第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202共同限定出用于容纳电池单体6的容纳空间203。第二箱体部202可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部201为板状结构，第一箱体部201盖合于第二箱体部202的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间203的箱体20； 第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部201的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部202的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间203的箱体20。当然，第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202连接后的密封性，第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部201盖合于第二箱体部202的顶部，第一箱体部201亦可称之为顶盖，第二箱体部202亦可称之为底壁。
在电池2中，电池单体6为多个。多个电池单体6之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体6中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体6之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体6构成的整体容纳于箱体20内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体6先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块(图中未示出)，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。电池模块中的多个电池单体6之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块中的多个电池单体6的并联或串联或混联。
图3是本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体6的结构示意图。如图3所示，电池单体6包括一个或多个电极组件61、壳体621和端盖622。壳体621和端盖622形成外壳或电池盒62。壳体621的壁以及端盖622均称为电池单体6的壁，其中对于长方体型电池单体6，壳体621的壁包括底壁和四个侧壁。壳体621根据一个或多个电极组件61组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体621可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体621的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件61可以放置于壳体621内。例如，当壳体621为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体621的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体621内外相通。当壳体621可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体621的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体621内外相通。端盖622覆盖开口并且与壳体621连接，以形成放置电极组件61的封闭的腔体。壳体621内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体6还可以包括两个电极端子63，两个电极端子63可以设置在端盖622上。端盖622通常是平板形状，两个电极端子63固定在端盖622的平板面上，两个电极端子63分别为正电极端子631和负电极端子632。每个电极端子63各对应设 置一个连接构件64，或者也可以称为集流构件64，其位于端盖622与电极组件61之间，用于将电极组件61和电极端子63实现电连接。
在该电池单体6中，根据实际使用需求，电池组件61可设置为单个，或多个，如图3所示，电池单体6内设置有4个独立的电池组件61。
电池单体6上还可设置泄压机构65。泄压机构65用于电池单体6的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
图4是本申请另一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图。如图4所示，该电池2包括电池单体6，电池单体6的第一壁上设置有泄压机构65；防护板8，防护板8与泄压机构65相对设置，其中，防护板8为高分子基体复合纤维板。
本申请实施例中，泄压机构65为当电池单体6的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，致动以泄放电池单体6内部压力的结构部件。例如，泄压机构65可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构65的电池单体6的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构65可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构65的电池单体6的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂，本申请对泄压机构的类型不作任何限定。
电池2包括电池单体6，电池单体6的第一壁上设置有用于保护电池单体6的泄压机构65。电池2还包括防护板8，防护板8与泄压机构65相对设置，即防护板8正对着泄压机构65。防护板8为高分子基体复合纤维板，可以耐高温和耐冲击。
上述方案中，通过将泄压机构65和泄压机构65相对设置，当电池单体6内部发生热失控时，高分子基体复合纤维的防护板8可以阻挡泄压机构65所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，保护电池壳免受气流冲击和高温熔化，从而保证电池2的安全。
可选地，高分子基体复合纤维板为纤维增强树脂复合板。
上述方案中，以高分子材料中的树脂为基体制备纤维增强树脂复合板作为防护板8，相较于其他的高分子材料基体，纤维增强树脂复合板的耐高温和耐冲击性能都较好。
可选地，如图4所示，电池单体6容纳于箱体20内，第一壁为电池单体6的靠近箱体20的顶盖201且与顶盖201相对设置的壁。
当第一壁为电池单体6靠近箱体20的顶盖201且与顶盖201相对设置的壁时，泄压机构65靠近并朝向顶盖201。
上述方案中，防护板8设置在泄压机构65和顶盖201之间。当电池单体6热失控，泄压机构65释放电池单体6内部的温度与压力时，高分子基体复合纤维的防护板8可以阻挡泄压机构65所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，保护电池2的顶盖201免受气流冲击和高温熔化，进而保护电池2的安全。
图5是本申请一实施例的电池箱体的半剖结构示意图。如图5所示，可选地，防护板8与顶盖201集成设置。
防护板8与顶盖201集成设置，即防护板8与顶盖201可以一起作为电池2的顶盖201，防护板8也可以如图5所示，单独作为电池2的顶盖201。
上述方案中，当防护板8与顶盖201一起作为电池2的顶盖201时，电池2的顶盖201具有两层结构，防护板8保护顶盖201，进而更好的保护电池2的安全。当防护板8单独作为电池2的顶盖201时，防护板8不仅可以维持电池2顶盖201免受高温和气流冲击，还可以使电池2的结构更加简单，降低电池2的生产成本。
图6是本申请一实施例的顶盖的示意图。如图6所示，当防护板8与顶盖201集成设置时，顶盖201可以为不规则形状。本申请实施例中，顶盖201还可以为方形、圆形等，本申请对此不做任何限定，即在生产过程中，可以根据具体产品需要，制造任意形状的顶盖201和防护板8。
可选地，如图4所示，防护板8设置于顶盖201与第一壁之间。
防护板8设置在顶盖201和第一壁之间，即泄压机构65朝向顶盖201，防护板8设置在顶盖201与泄压机构65之间。
上述方案中，将防护板8设置在顶盖201与泄压结构65之间，泄压机构65朝向顶盖201。这样防护板8可以直接保护顶盖201，使得被泄压机构65正对着的顶盖201免受高温和气流的冲击，以保证电池2的安全。
请继续参照图4，可选地，防护板8与顶盖201尺寸相同。
防护板8设置在顶盖201与泄压结构65之间并使防护板8与顶盖201的尺寸相同，可以让防护板8更全面的保护顶盖201。
上述方案中，当防护板8设置在顶盖201与泄压结构65之间并使防护板8与顶盖201的尺寸相同，防护板8不仅可以更全面的保护顶盖201，使得顶盖201免受 泄压机构65所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，还可以提高对电池2内部的密封作用。另外，防护板8与顶盖201的尺寸相同也有利于装配，降低了装配难度。
图7是本申请又一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图。如图7所示，可选地，防护板8的尺寸小于顶盖201。
上述方案中，防护板8设置在顶盖201和设有泄压机构65的第一壁之间。当防护板8的尺寸小于顶盖201时，防护板8既可以保护顶盖201以提高电池2的安全性能，另一方面还能降低生产成本。
图8是本申请又一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图。如图8所示，可选地，防护板8为条状，防护板8在第一壁上的投影覆盖泄压机构65。
防护板8的形状可以为图8中所示的条形，还可以为圆形或其他任何形状，只要使防护板8在第一壁上的投影覆盖泄压机构65，能够起到保护电池2箱体的功能即可，本申请对防护板8的形状没有任何限定。
上述方案中，防护板8设置在顶盖201和第一壁之间。当防护板8为条状并且在第一壁上的投影覆盖泄压机构65时，防护板8一方面可以维持对顶盖201良好的保护效果，另一方面可以最大程度上的降低成本，避免非保护区域材料的浪费。
可选地，防护板8与顶盖201通过螺栓或胶粘连接。
防护板8与顶盖201的连接方式有很多种，只要达到两者的固定即可，本申请对此不做任何限定。但在实际生产过程中，选择一种便捷、可操作性强的连接方式，有利于在实际运用中广泛推广。
上述方案中，利用螺栓或胶粘以实现防护板8与顶盖201之间的连接，该连接方式实现简单，可操作性强，有利于在生产中广泛运用。
图9是本申请一实施例的电池底壁的结构示意图。如图9所示，可选地，电池单体6容纳于箱体20内，第一壁为电池单体6的靠近箱体20的底壁202且与底壁202相对设置的壁。
当第一壁为电池单体6靠近箱体20的底壁202且与底壁202相对设置的壁时，泄压机构65靠近并朝向底壁202。
上述方案中，防护板8设置在泄压机构65和底壁202之间。当电池单体6热失控，泄压机构65释放电池单体6内部的温度与压力时，高分子基体复合纤维的防 护板8可以阻挡泄压机构65所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，保护电池2的底壁202免受气流冲击和高温熔化，进而保护电池2的安全。
图10是本申请另一实施例的电池箱体的半剖结构示意图。如图10所示，可选地，防护板8与底壁202集成设置。
防护板8与底壁202集成设置，即防护板8与底壁202可以一起作为电池2的底壁202，防护板8也可以如图10所示，单独作为电池2的底壁202。
上述方案中，当防护板8与底壁202一起作为电池2的底壁202时，电池2的底壁202具有两层结构，防护板8保护底壁202，进而更好的保护电池2的安全。当防护板8单独作为电池2的底壁202时，防护板8不仅可以维持电池2的底壁202免受高温和气流冲击，还可以使电池2的结构更加简单，降低电池2的生产成本。
当电池2内部的泄压机构65只朝向顶盖201时，防护板8与顶盖201集成设置以保护电池2的安全；当泄压机构65只朝向底壁202时，防护板8与底壁202集成设置以保护电池2的安全。当电池2内部的泄压机构65既存在朝向顶盖201，也存在朝向底壁202时，如图10所示，可以在顶盖201和底壁202处均设置防护板8。本申请对防护板8在电池2中的设置不作具体限定，只要电池2中的电池单体6的泄压机构65正对着壁存在防护板8即可，也就是防护板8可以为顶盖201、底壁202和侧壁。另外，防护板8也可以为电池2中的横梁，防护板8的具体位置可根据电池2中电池单体6的排列位置而作修改，也可以根据实际运用需要设置在电池2中任意位置。
可选地，如图9所示，防护板8设置于底壁202与第一壁之间。
防护板8设置在底壁202和第一壁之间，即泄压机构65朝向底壁202，防护板8设置在底壁202与泄压机构65之间。
上述方案中，将防护板8设置在底壁202与泄压结构65之间，泄压机构65朝向顶盖201。这样防护板8可以直接保护底壁202，使得被泄压机构65正对着的底壁202免受高温和气流的冲击，以保证电池2的安全。
可选地，如图9所示，防护板8与第一壁之间设置有热管理部件66，热管理部件66用于容纳流体以给电池单体6调节温度。
热管理部件66是用于容纳流体以给电池单体6调节温度。这里的流体可以是液体或气体，调节温度是指给电池单体6加热或冷却。在电池单体6冷却或降温的情况下，该热管理部件66用于容纳冷却流体以给电池单体6降低温度，此时，热管理 部件66也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却板等，其容纳的流体也可以称为冷却介质或冷却流体，更具体的，可以称为冷却液或冷却气体。另外，热管理部件66也可以用于加热以给电池单体6升温，本申请实施例对此并不限定。可选的，所述流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选的，流体可以为水、水和乙二醇的混合液或者空气等。
上述方案中，防护板8设置在第一壁与电池2箱体之间或防护板8直接作为电池2的箱体，以保护电池2的箱体免受高温和气流冲击，进而保护电池2的安全。在第一壁和防护板8之间设置给电池单体6调节温度的热管理部件，可以根据电池单体6的需要，对电池单体6进行温度调节以使电池单体6正常工作。
可选地，热管理部件66设置有与泄压机构65相对设置的薄弱区661，薄弱区661被配置为在泄压机构65致动时能够被电池单体6的排放物破坏，以使排放物穿过薄弱区661。
薄弱区661可以采用各种便于排放物破坏的设置，本申请实施例对此不作任何限定。
热管理部件66可以有导热材料形成流体的流道。流体在流道中流动，并通过导热材料传导热量从而对电池单体6调节温度。在本申请实施例中，薄弱区661可以仅有导热材料而没有流体，已形成较薄的导热材料层，从而容易被排放物破坏。例如，薄弱区661靠近底壁202的一侧可以为导热材料层，以形成薄弱区661。
上述方案中，防护板8设置在第一壁与电池2箱体之间或防护板8直接作为电池2箱体，可以保护电池2的安全。在第一壁和防护板8之间设置热管理部件66可以根据电池单体6的实际需求对电池单体6进行温度调节，以保证电池单体6的正常功能。在热管理部件66上设置薄弱区661，可以使得当气流冲击或高温破坏薄弱区661时，排放物可以穿过薄弱区661迅速被排走而远离电池单体6，降低了排放物对电池2的危险性，进而增强了电池2的安全性能。
图11是本申请另一实施例的电池底壁的分解结构示意图。如图11所示，在本申请一个实施例中，防护板8与箱体20之间设置有隔热部件67。
上述方案中，在设置有泄压机构65的第一壁和箱体20之间增加防护板8可以保护电池2箱体20免受高温与高速的气流冲击。在防护板8和箱体20之间再设置隔热部件67，可以进一步降低箱体20温度，保护电池2的安全。
可选地，空气部件67为空气夹层。
增加隔热部件67是为了进一步降低箱体20的温度，采用空气夹层作为隔热部件67会大大减少将电池2内部的热量传递给箱体20，隔热效果非常明显。
上述方案中，将空气夹层作为隔热部件67设置在防护板8和箱体20之间，可以进一步降低箱体20温度，增强电池2的安全性能。
图12是本申请一实施例的纤维增强树脂层的结构示意图。如图12所示，可选地，防护板8包括多层纤维增强树脂层81，纤维增强树脂层81由纤维材料和树脂材料复合而成。
纤维材料和树脂材料之间复合过程，本申请对此不作任何限定。例如，可以将单片纤维材料层811浸入树脂材料浆料中，使树脂材料浆料充分浸润在单片纤维材料层811中的纤维孔隙812中，然后在60℃-120℃温度条件下烘烤3-30分钟，制得纤维增强树脂层81。将1-20层的纤维增强树脂层81进行叠合，在0.1-10Mpa的压力条件下，100℃-200℃的温度条件下热压成型，制成防护板8。
本申请对树脂材料浆料的制备方法同样不做任何限定。例如，在本申请实施例中，树脂材料浆料可以由水性弹性涂料、树脂材料、阻燃剂、分散剂、偶联剂、二氧化硅粉、短纤维按质量比(35-55)：(15-34)：(15-20)：(1-3)：(0.5-3)：(1-3)：(0.5-3)组成。
本申请实施例中的纤维增强树脂材料是一种颜色为深棕色、具有良好的耐酸性能、力学性能、耐热性能的材料，即使在非常高的温度下，也能保持其结构的完整性和尺寸的稳定性，被广泛应用于防腐蚀工程、胶粘剂和阻燃剂。
上述方案中，纤维增强树脂是一种可以耐高温、耐冲击的材料。通过采用该材料制备而成的防护板8，并将防护板8设置在泄压机构65与箱体20之间。当电池单体6内部的高温和排泄物告诉冲出电池单体6时，防护板8可以保护箱体20，使箱体20免受高温熔化和高速排放物的冲击，进而保护电池2的安全。
可选地，树脂材料为硅基气凝胶改性树脂或耐高温阻燃性树脂。
本申请实施例中的树脂材料可为硅基气凝胶改性树脂或耐高温阻燃性树脂。
上述方案中，用纤维和树脂复合而成的材料具备耐高温和耐冲击的性能。采用硅基气凝胶改性树脂或耐高温阻燃性树脂这两类材料可以进一步提高防护板8的耐高温与耐冲击性能。
可选地，纤维材料可为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维、凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维等纤维中的至少一种。
可选地，纤维材料为陶瓷纤维材料。
本申请实施例中，陶瓷纤维在多种纤维材料中的耐高温性能较为突出。
上述方案中，用纤维和树脂复合而成的材料具备耐高温和耐冲击的性能。陶瓷纤维材料较其他的纤维材料有着更优越的耐高温性能。
可选地，陶瓷纤维材料为氧化硅或氧化铝。
上述方案中，采用氧化硅或氧化铝所制备出的防护板8，其耐高温性能最佳。
可选地，纤维材料的厚度为6-100um。
上述方案中，采用厚度为6-100um的纤维材料，既可以使防护板8具备耐高温和耐冲击的性能，又能降低生产成本。
可选地，防护板8的厚度为0.2-5mm。
上述方案中，采用厚度为0.2-5mm的防护板8，既可以使防护板8具备耐高温和耐冲击的性能，又能降低生产成本。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，包括前述实施例中的电池2，电池2用于提供电能。
以下，说明本申请的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。
对纤维增强树脂材料制成的防护板进行拉伸性能测试，测试结果如表1所示；进行压缩性能测试，测试结果如表2所示；进行弯曲性能测试，测试结果如表3所示；进行断梁剪切性能测试，测试结果如表4所示；进行冲击性能测试，测试结果如表5所示。
表1不同厚度的防护板的拉伸性能测试

表2不同厚度的防护板的压缩性能测试
表3不同厚度的防护板的弯曲性能测试

表4不同厚度的防护板的断梁剪切性能测试
表5不同厚度的防护板的冲击性能测试

另外，对厚度为3mm的防护板的硬度测试，测试结果为邵D硬度87，巴氏硬度46。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    电池单体(6)，所述电池单体(6)的第一壁上设置有泄压机构(65)；
    防护板(8)，所述防护板(8)与所述泄压机构(65)相对设置，其中，所述防护板(8)为高分子基体复合纤维板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述高分子基体复合纤维板为纤维增强树脂复合板。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池单体(6)容纳于箱体(20)内，所述第一壁为所述电池单体(6)的靠近所述箱体(20)的顶盖(201)且与所述顶盖(201)相对设置的壁。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)与所述顶盖(201)集成设置。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)设置于所述顶盖(201)与所述第一壁之间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)与所述顶盖(201)尺寸相同。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)的尺寸小于所述顶盖(201)。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)为条状，所述防护板(8)在所述第一壁上的投影覆盖所述泄压机构(65)。
  9. 根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)与所述顶盖(201)通过螺栓或胶粘连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池单体(6)容纳于箱体(20)内，所述第一壁为所述电池单体(6)的靠近所述箱体(20)的底壁(202)且与所述底壁(202)相对设置的壁。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)与所述箱体(20)的底壁(202)集成设置。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)设置于所述底壁(202)与所述第一壁之间。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)与所述第一壁之间设置有热管理部件(66)，所述热管理部件(66)用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体(6)调节温度。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(66)设置有与所述泄压机构(65)相对设置的薄弱区(661)，所述薄弱区(661)被配置为在所述泄压机构(65)致动时能够被所述电池单体(6)的排放物破坏，以使所述排放物穿过所述薄弱区(661)。
  15. 根据权利要求5或12所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)与所述箱体(20)之间设置有隔热部件(67)。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池，其特征在于，所述隔热部件(67)为空气夹层。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)包括多层纤维增强树脂层(81)，所述纤维增强树脂层(81)由纤维材料和树脂材料复合形成。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池，其特征在于，所述树脂材料为硅基气凝胶改性树脂或耐高温阻燃性树脂。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的电池，其特征在于，所述纤维材料为玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维、凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维等纤维中的至少一种。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池，其特征在于，所述纤维材料为陶瓷纤维材料。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电池，其特征在于，所述陶瓷纤维材料为氧化硅或氧化铝。
  22. 根据权利要求17至21中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述纤维材料的厚度为6-100um。
  23. 根据权利要求1至22中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护板(8)的厚度为0.2-5mm。
  24. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-23中任一项所述的电池(2)，所述电池(2)用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/085205 2022-04-21 2023-03-30 电池和用电设备 WO2023202348A1 (zh)

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CN212499287U (zh) * 2020-04-24 2021-02-09 纳诺科技有限公司 一种防火耐冲击隔热垫和电池箱防火耐冲击隔热盖
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CN113500830A (zh) * 2021-07-09 2021-10-15 广东汇天航空航天科技有限公司 电池箱和用于电池箱的复合材料

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