WO2024098255A1 - 耐热防护件和电池 - Google Patents

耐热防护件和电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024098255A1
WO2024098255A1 PCT/CN2022/130661 CN2022130661W WO2024098255A1 WO 2024098255 A1 WO2024098255 A1 WO 2024098255A1 CN 2022130661 W CN2022130661 W CN 2022130661W WO 2024098255 A1 WO2024098255 A1 WO 2024098255A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
resin
resistant protective
fiber
silicon
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/130661
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金海族
余启勇
张继承
刘喜宗
吕多军
牛少军
胥恩东
肖志伟
李婷
李静
陆甲杰
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司, 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/130661 priority Critical patent/WO2024098255A1/zh
Publication of WO2024098255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024098255A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/227—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a heat-resistant protective component and a battery.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a heat-resistant protective member and a battery, wherein the heat-resistant protective member can protect the battery box from airflow impact and high-temperature melting generated when the battery is under thermal runaway, thereby enhancing the safety performance of the battery.
  • a technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide a heat-resistant protective part, which includes a reinforcing layer, a functional layer, and a reinforcement layer arranged in sequence; the functional layer includes a first resin and a filler dispersed in the first resin; the reinforcing layer and the reinforcement layer both include a fiber matrix.
  • the filler is a first chopped fiber, and the volume proportion of the first chopped fiber in the functional layer is 50-80%; the first chopped fiber includes one or more of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, boron carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; or
  • the filler is a first heat reflective filler, and the volume proportion of the first heat reflective filler in the functional layer is 45-75%; the first heat reflective filler includes one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.
  • the carbon content of the first resin is greater than 40% by mass; the filler includes a first silicon-containing filler, and the weight ratio of the first resin to the first silicon-containing filler is 1:3-1:1.
  • the first silicon-containing filler includes a combination of one or more of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic micropowder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc powder.
  • the first silicon-containing filler includes silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of the silica aerogel powder to the mica powder is 1:3-1:1.
  • the first silicon-containing filler comprises silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide; the amount of silicon dioxide is 50-80wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, and the amount of aluminum oxide is 10-30wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the first filler further includes a high-temperature fusion agent, and the amount of the first high-temperature fusion agent is 10wt%-40wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the first high-temperature fusion agent includes one or more of talcum powder, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and silica-alumina powder; the material of the first high-temperature fusion agent is different from the material of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the filler further includes a first lubricant, and the amount of the first lubricant is 10-40wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the functional layer also includes a first ceramic precursor, the volume of the first ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the volumes of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin, or the mass of the first ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the masses of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin.
  • the first ceramic precursor includes one or more of polysilazane resin and polyborosilazane resin.
  • the filler further includes first chopped short fibers, and the amount of the first chopped short fibers is 0-15wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the first chopped fibers include one or more of carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes; the first chopped fibers have a length of 0.05-30 mm and a diameter of 1-15 ⁇ m.
  • the filler further includes a first heat reflective filler, and the amount of the first heat reflective filler is 0-5wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the first heat reflective filler includes one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.
  • the reinforcing layer, the functional layer, and the reinforcement layer are arranged in sequence from the fire-facing side to the fire-back side; the melting point of the fiber matrix of the reinforcement layer is higher than the melting point of the fiber matrix of the reinforcing layer.
  • the fiber matrix of the reinforcing layer includes one or more of high-silica fiber, quartz fiber, glass fiber, and basalt fiber; the fiber matrix of the reinforcement layer includes one or more of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high-silica fiber, and boron carbon fiber.
  • the fiber matrix includes fiber cloth and/or fiber felt.
  • the fiber matrix includes the fiber cloth and/or the fiber felt that are stacked.
  • the fiber matrix includes the fiber cloth; the fiber cloth is one or more of fiber twill fabric, fiber satin fabric, fiber uniaxial fabric and fiber multiaxial fabric.
  • the thickness ratio of the enhancement layer, the functional layer and the reinforcement layer is (1-2): (8-10): (1-2).
  • the reinforcing layer and/or the reinforcement layer is a fiber matrix.
  • the reinforcing layer and/or the reinforcement layer includes a composite layer, and the composite layer includes a fiber matrix and a second resin; the second resin is dispersed in the pores of the fiber matrix and/or on the surface of the fiber matrix, and the volume proportion of the fiber matrix in the composite layer is 50%-75%.
  • the mass content of carbon in the first resin is greater than 40%; and/or the mass content of carbon in the second resin is greater than 40%.
  • a first viscosity modifier is dispersed in the first resin, and the amount of the first viscosity modifier is 1-10% of the volume of the first resin; and/or,
  • a first curing agent is dispersed in the first resin; and/or,
  • a first flame retardant is dispersed in the first resin, and the amount of the first flame retardant is 5-40% of the mass of the first resin; and/or,
  • a second viscosity regulator is dispersed in the second resin, and the amount of the second viscosity regulator is 1-10% of the volume of the second resin; and/or,
  • a second curing agent is dispersed in the second resin; and/or,
  • a second flame retardant is dispersed in the second resin, and the amount of the second flame retardant is 5-40% of the mass of the second resin.
  • the first resin includes a combination of one or more of phenolic resin, furfural resin, benzoxazine resin, furan resin, polyurea, and phenolic modified epoxy resin; and/or, the second resin includes a combination of one or more of phenolic resin, furfural resin, benzoxazine resin, furan resin, polyurea, and phenolic modified epoxy resin.
  • the composite layer further includes a second silicon-containing filler, and the second silicon-containing filler accounts for 40-70% of the volume of the fiber matrix.
  • the second silicon-containing filler includes a combination of one or more of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic micropowder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc.
  • the second silicon-containing filler includes a combination of silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of the silica aerogel powder to the mica powder is 1:3-1:1.
  • the second silicon-containing filler includes silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide; the amount of silicon dioxide is 50-80wt% of the second silicon-containing filler, and the amount of aluminum oxide is 10-30wt% of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the composite layer of the reinforcement layer further includes second chopped short fibers, and the amount of the second chopped short fibers is 0-15wt% of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the second chopped fibers include one or more of carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes; the second chopped fibers have a length of 0.05-30 mm and a diameter of 1-15 ⁇ m.
  • the composite layer further includes a second high-temperature fusion agent, and the amount of the second high-temperature fusion agent is 10wt%-40wt% of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the second high-temperature fusion agent includes one or more of talcum powder, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and silica-alumina powder; the material of the second high-temperature fusion agent is different from the material of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the composite layer further includes a second lubricant, and the amount of the second lubricant is 10-40wt% of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the reinforcing layer and/or the reinforcement layer also includes a second ceramic precursor, the volume of the second ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the volumes of the second ceramic precursor and the second resin, or the mass of the second ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the masses of the second ceramic precursor and the second resin.
  • the second ceramic precursor includes one or more of polysilazane resin, polyborosilazane resin and polycarbosilane resin.
  • the composite layer further includes a second reflective filler, and the amount of the second reflective filler is 5-30wt% of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the second heat reflective filler includes one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.
  • the composite layer further includes a phase change material, and the phase change material is dispersed in the second resin.
  • the amount of the phase change material is 5%-20% of the volume of the fiber matrix.
  • the composite layer further includes a colorant, and the colorant includes one or more of carbon black, titanium white, iron black, oily color essence, and transition metal coloring ion oxide.
  • the heat-resistant protective component also includes an air-absorbing agent; the air-absorbing agent is filled in at least one layer among the reinforcing layer, the functional layer and the reinforcement layer; or the air-absorbing agent is arranged between two adjacent layers among the reinforcing layer, the functional layer and the reinforcement layer to form an air-absorbing layer; or the air-absorbing agent is arranged on the side of the reinforcing layer away from the functional layer to form an air-absorbing layer.
  • the getter includes one or more of carbon molecular sieve, zeolite sieve, graphene, calcium carbonate, talcum powder, and aluminum oxide.
  • the heat-resistant protective component further includes a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer is arranged on a side of the reinforcement layer away from the functional layer.
  • the thermal insulation layer includes an aerogel coating or an aerogel felt.
  • the reinforcing layer covers the entire functional layer; and the reinforcement layer includes a plurality of sub-reinforcement layers that are spaced apart.
  • the battery comprises:
  • a battery cell wherein a pressure relief mechanism is provided on a first wall of the battery cell
  • the heat-resistant protective component is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the battery comprises:
  • a plurality of battery cells comprising adjacent first and second battery cells, the first and second battery cells being arranged along a first direction;
  • the heat-resistant protective member is arranged between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
  • a pressure relief mechanism is provided on the battery cell; the reinforcement layer covers the entire functional layer; the reinforcement layer includes a plurality of sub-reinforcement layers arranged at intervals; wherein the sub-reinforcement layers are arranged corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the heat-resistant protective component can resist the thermal shock when the single battery explodes, and can still maintain the structural integrity without being broken under the thermal shock, thereby providing effective heat insulation and protection for the battery pack.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a battery box according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a battery top cover according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery bottom wall according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a battery box according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery bottom wall according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery in FIG12 ;
  • FIG14 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell and a heat shield according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG20 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG26 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG27 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-resistant protective member disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective component disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Vehicle 1 battery 2, battery cell 6, heat-resistant protective member 8, thermal resistance layer 9;
  • First box body part/top cover 201 First box body part/top cover 201 , second box body part/bottom wall 202 , accommodating space 203 , shell 621 , end cover 622 , positive electrode terminal 631 , negative electrode terminal 632 , weak area 661 .
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, and “circumferential” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery or a magnesium metal battery, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat or in other shapes, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the following embodiments take lithium metal batteries as an example.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery box as an energy source is installed in the car, and the battery in the battery box is discharged to drive the motor of the new energy vehicle.
  • the requirements for the energy density of batteries are also constantly increasing.
  • high-energy battery systems with silicon-doped anodes when a single battery or multiple batteries in the battery system are in thermal runaway, they can produce gas with a temperature of >1500°C.
  • the thermal insulation material based on aerogel in the prior art can no longer block the temperature shock and airflow shock of such high-temperature and high-speed airflow, so that the thermal insulation material based on aerogel will undergo structural thermal disintegration and mechanical disintegration, resulting in protection failure.
  • the high-temperature and high-speed airflow penetrates the battery pack box, causing the battery box made of steel plate with a melting point of 1500°C to burn directly, and continue to burn for about 30s, directly destroying the main body of the new energy vehicle and endangering the safety of passengers.
  • a heat-resistant protective member is arranged in the battery pack body, which can block the high-temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture generated when the battery is thermally runaway, protect the battery box from airflow impact and high-temperature melting, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the heat-resistant protective member described in the embodiments of the present application is suitable for batteries and electrical equipment using batteries.
  • Electrical equipment may be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, electric tools, and the like.
  • Vehicles may be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles, or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles may be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or extended-range vehicles, and the like;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, and the like;
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, and the like;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools, and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, and the like.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is disposed inside the vehicle 1, and the battery 2 can be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 can be used to power the vehicle 1, for example, the battery 2 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery 2 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a box 20 , a battery cell 6 and a heat-resistant protective member 8 .
  • the battery cell 6 and the heat-resistant protective member 8 are accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the box 20 is used to accommodate the battery cell 6.
  • the box 20 can be a variety of structures.
  • the box 20 may include a first box portion 201 and a second box portion 202, the first box portion 201 and the second box portion 202 cover each other, and the first box portion 201 and the second box portion 202 jointly define a storage space 203 for accommodating the battery cell 6.
  • the second box portion 202 may be a hollow structure with one end open, the first box portion 201 is a plate-like structure, and the first box portion 201 covers the open side of the second box portion 202 to form a box 20 with a storage space 203; the first box portion 201 and the second box portion 202 may also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the open side of the first box portion 201 covers the open side of the second box portion 202 to form a box 20 with a storage space 203.
  • the first box portion 201 and the second box portion 202 may be a variety of shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • a sealing member such as a sealant, a sealing ring, etc., may also be provided between the first box body 201 and the second box body 202 .
  • the first box body portion 201 covers the top of the second box body portion 202
  • the first box body portion 201 can also be called a top cover
  • the second box body portion 202 can also be called a bottom wall.
  • multiple battery cells 6 there are multiple battery cells 6.
  • Multiple battery cells 6 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells 6 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • Multiple battery cells 6 can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection, and then the whole formed by multiple battery cells 6 is accommodated in the box 20; of course, multiple battery cells 6 can also be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection to form a battery module (not shown in the figure), and multiple battery modules are then connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 20.
  • Multiple battery cells 6 in the battery module can be electrically connected through a busbar component to achieve parallel, series, or mixed connection of multiple battery cells 6 in the battery module.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell 6 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 6 includes one or more electrode assemblies 61, a shell 621 and an end cap 622.
  • the shell 621 and the end cap 622 form a shell or battery box 62.
  • the walls of the shell 621 and the end cap 622 are both referred to as the walls of the battery cell 6, wherein for a rectangular battery cell 6, the walls of the shell 621 include a bottom wall and four side walls.
  • the shell 621 is determined according to the shape of one or more electrode assemblies 61 after combination.
  • the shell 621 may be a hollow cuboid or cube or cylinder, and one of the faces of the shell 621 has an opening so that one or more electrode assemblies 61 can be placed in the shell 621.
  • the shell 621 is a hollow cuboid or cube
  • one of the planes of the shell 621 is an open surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall body so that the inside and outside of the shell 621 are connected.
  • the end surface of the shell 621 is an open surface, that is, the end surface has no wall so that the inside and outside of the shell 621 are connected.
  • the end cover 622 covers the opening and is connected to the shell 621 to form a closed cavity for placing the electrode assembly 61.
  • the shell 621 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte.
  • the battery cell 6 may further include two electrode terminals 63, which may be disposed on the end cap 622.
  • the end cap 622 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and the two electrode terminals 63 are fixed on the flat surface of the end cap 622, and the two electrode terminals 63 are respectively a positive electrode terminal 631 and a negative electrode terminal 632.
  • Each electrode terminal 63 is provided with a corresponding connecting member 64, or may also be referred to as a current collecting member 64, which is located between the end cap 622 and the electrode assembly 61, and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 61 and the electrode terminal 63.
  • the battery electrode assembly 61 can be provided as a single one or multiple ones according to actual use requirements. As shown in FIG. 3 , four independent electrode pool assemblies 61 are provided in the battery cell 6 .
  • a pressure relief mechanism 65 may also be provided on the battery cell 6.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 is used to be actuated to release the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 6 when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold value.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a battery cell 6 , a pressure relief mechanism 65 is disposed on the first wall of the battery cell 6 , and a heat-resistant protective member 8 , which is disposed opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 is a structural component that is actuated to release the internal pressure of the battery cell 6 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 6 reaches a threshold value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 may be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 6 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65 reaches a threshold value; and/or, the pressure relief mechanism 65 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to rupture when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 6 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65 reaches a threshold value.
  • the present application does not impose any limitation on the type of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the battery 2 includes a battery cell 6, and a pressure relief mechanism 65 is disposed on the first wall of the battery cell 6 for protecting the battery cell 6.
  • the battery 2 also includes a heat-resistant protective member 8, which is disposed opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 65, that is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 is directly facing the pressure relief mechanism 65.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 of the polymer matrix composite fiber can block the high temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure relief mechanism 65, protect the battery shell from airflow impact and high-temperature melting, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery 2.
  • the fiber-reinforced resin composite plate is prepared as the heat-resistant protective member 8 using the resin in the polymer material as the matrix. Compared with other polymer material matrices, the fiber-reinforced resin composite plate has better high temperature resistance and impact resistance.
  • the battery cell 6 is accommodated in the box body 20 , and the first wall is a wall of the battery cell 6 close to the top cover 201 of the box body 20 and arranged opposite to the top cover 201 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 is close to and faces the top cover 201 .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is arranged between the pressure relief mechanism 65 and the top cover 201.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 of the polymer matrix composite fiber can block the high temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure relief mechanism 65, protect the top cover 201 of the battery 2 from airflow impact and high-temperature melting, and thus protect the safety of the battery 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a battery box according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 5 , optionally, the heat-resistant protective member 8 is integrated with the top cover 201 .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is integrated with the top cover 201, for example, as a patch attached to the surface of the top cover 201, that is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 and the top cover 201 can be used together as the top cover 201 of the battery 2, and the heat-resistant protective member 8 can also be used alone as the top cover 201 of the battery 2 as shown in Figure 5.
  • the top cover 201 of the battery 2 has a two-layer structure, and the heat-resistant protective member 8 protects the top cover 201, thereby better protecting the safety of the battery 2.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 can not only protect the top cover 201 of the battery 2 from high temperature and airflow impact, but also make the structure of the battery 2 simpler, thereby reducing the production cost of the battery 2.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a top cover of an embodiment of the present application.
  • the top cover 201 can be an irregular shape.
  • the top cover 201 can also be square, circular, etc., and the present application does not make any limitation on this, that is, in the production process, the top cover 201 and the heat-resistant protective member 8 of any shape can be manufactured according to the specific product needs.
  • a heat-resistant protective member 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the first wall.
  • the heat-resistant shield 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the first wall. That is, the pressure relief mechanism 65 faces the top cover 201 , and the heat-resistant shield 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the pressure relief structure 65, and the pressure relief mechanism 65 faces the top cover 201. In this way, the heat-resistant protective member 8 can directly protect the top cover 201, so that the top cover 201 facing the pressure relief mechanism 65 is protected from the impact of high temperature and airflow, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery 2.
  • the heat-resistant protection member 8 has the same size as the top cover 201 .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the pressure relief structure 65 and the heat-resistant protective member 8 and the top cover 201 have the same size, so that the heat-resistant protective member 8 can more comprehensively protect the top cover 201 .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 when the heat-resistant protective member 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the pressure relief structure 65 and the heat-resistant protective member 8 is the same size as the top cover 201, the heat-resistant protective member 8 can not only more comprehensively protect the top cover 201, so that the top cover 201 is protected from the high temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure relief mechanism 65, but also improve the sealing effect on the inside of the battery 2.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 and the top cover 201 having the same size are also conducive to assembly, reducing the difficulty of assembly.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG7 , optionally, the size of the heat-resistant protective member 8 is smaller than the top cover 201 .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is disposed between the top cover 201 and the first wall provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 can protect the top cover 201 to improve the safety performance of the battery 2 and reduce the production cost.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is a strip-shaped plate, and the projection of the heat-resistant protective member 8 on the first wall covers the pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the shape of the heat-resistant protective member 8 can be a strip as shown in FIG8 , or a circle or any other shape, as long as the projection of the heat-resistant protective member 8 on the first wall covers the pressure relief mechanism 65 and can play the role of protecting the battery 2 box, the present application has no limitation on the shape of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is arranged between the top cover 201 and the first wall.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is strip-shaped and its projection on the first wall covers the pressure relief mechanism 65, the heat-resistant protective member 8 can maintain a good protective effect on the top cover 201 on the one hand, and can reduce costs to the greatest extent on the other hand, and avoid waste of materials in non-protected areas.
  • the heat-resistant protection member 8 is connected to the top cover 201 by bolts or adhesive.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery bottom wall of an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 6 is accommodated in the box body 20, and the first wall is a wall of the battery cell 6 close to the bottom wall 202 of the box body 20 and arranged opposite to the bottom wall 202.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 is close to and faces the bottom wall 202 .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is arranged between the pressure relief mechanism 65 and the bottom wall 202.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 of the polymer matrix composite fiber can block the high temperature and high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure relief mechanism 65, protect the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 from airflow impact and high-temperature melting, and thus protect the safety of the battery 2.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a battery box according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 10 , optionally, the heat-resistant protective member 8 is integrated with the bottom wall 202 .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is integrated with the bottom wall 202 , that is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 and the bottom wall 202 can be used together as the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 , or the heat-resistant protective member 8 can be used alone as the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 has a two-layer structure, and the heat-resistant protective member 8 protects the bottom wall 202, thereby better protecting the safety of the battery 2.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 can not only protect the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 from high temperature and airflow impact, but also make the structure of the battery 2 simpler, thereby reducing the production cost of the battery 2.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 When the pressure relief mechanism 65 inside the battery 2 is only facing the top cover 201, the heat-resistant protective member 8 is integrated with the top cover 201 to protect the safety of the battery 2; when the pressure relief mechanism 65 is only facing the bottom wall 202, the heat-resistant protective member 8 is integrated with the bottom wall 202 to protect the safety of the battery 2.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 can be set at both the top cover 201 and the bottom wall 202.
  • the present application does not specifically limit the arrangement of the heat-resistant protective member 8 in the battery 2, as long as the pressure relief mechanism 65 of the battery cell 6 in the battery 2 is facing the wall, that is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 can be the top cover 201, the bottom wall 202 and the side wall.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 can also be a crossbeam in the battery 2, and the specific position of the heat-resistant protective member 8 can be modified according to the arrangement position of the battery cell 6 in the battery 2, and can also be set at any position in the battery 2 according to actual application needs.
  • the heat-resistant protection member 8 is disposed between the bottom wall 202 and the first wall.
  • the heat-resistant shield 8 is disposed between the bottom wall 202 and the first wall, that is, the pressure relief mechanism 65 faces the bottom wall 202 , and the heat-resistant shield 8 is disposed between the bottom wall 202 and the pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is disposed between the bottom wall 202 and the pressure relief structure 65, and the pressure relief structure 65 faces the top cover 201. In this way, the heat-resistant protective member 8 can directly protect the bottom wall 202, so that the bottom wall 202 facing the pressure relief structure 65 is protected from the impact of high temperature and airflow, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery 2.
  • a heat management component 66 is disposed between the heat-resistant shield 8 and the first wall, and the heat management component 66 is used to contain a fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 6 .
  • the thermal management component 66 is used to contain a fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 6.
  • the fluid here can be a liquid or a gas, and adjusting the temperature means heating or cooling the battery cell 6.
  • the thermal management component 66 is used to contain a cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of the battery cell 6.
  • the thermal management component 66 can also be called a cooling component, a cooling system or a cooling plate, etc., and the fluid contained therein can also be called a cooling medium or a cooling fluid, more specifically, a coolant or a cooling gas.
  • the thermal management component 66 can also be used for heating to increase the temperature of the battery cell 6, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the fluid can be circulating to achieve a better temperature regulation effect.
  • the fluid can be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, etc.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is arranged between the first wall and the battery 2 box or the heat-resistant protective member 8 directly serves as the battery 2 box to protect the battery 2 box from high temperature and airflow impact, thereby protecting the safety of the battery 2.
  • a thermal management component for adjusting the temperature of the battery cell 6 is arranged between the first wall and the heat-resistant protective member 8, and the temperature of the battery cell 6 can be adjusted according to the needs of the battery cell 6 to ensure that the battery cell 6 works normally.
  • the thermal management component 66 is provided with a weak area 661 arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 65 , and the weak area 661 is configured to be destroyed by the exhaust of the battery cell 6 when the pressure relief mechanism 65 is actuated, so that the exhaust passes through the weak area 661 .
  • the weak area 661 may adopt various settings that facilitate destruction of the discharge, and the embodiments of the present application do not impose any limitation on this.
  • the thermal management component 66 may have a heat-conducting material to form a fluid flow channel.
  • the fluid flows in the flow channel and conducts heat through the heat-conducting material to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 6.
  • the weak area 661 may only have a heat-conducting material without a fluid, forming a thinner heat-conducting material layer, which is easily damaged by the discharge.
  • the side of the weak area 661 close to the bottom wall 202 may be a heat-conducting material layer to form the weak area 661.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is arranged between the first wall and the battery 2 box or the heat-resistant protective member 8 directly serves as the battery 2 box, which can protect the safety of the battery 2.
  • the heat management component 66 is arranged between the first wall and the heat-resistant protective member 8 to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 6 according to the actual needs of the battery cell 6 to ensure the normal function of the battery cell 6.
  • the weak area 661 is arranged on the thermal management component 66, so that when the air flow impacts or the high temperature damages the weak area 661, the emissions can be quickly discharged through the weak area 661 and away from the battery cell 6, reducing the danger of the emissions to the battery 2, thereby enhancing the safety performance of the battery 2.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery bottom wall of another embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 11 , in one embodiment of the present application, a heat insulating component 67 is provided between the heat-resistant protective member 8 and the box body 20 .
  • adding a heat-resistant protective member 8 between the first wall provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65 and the box body 20 can protect the battery 2 box body 20 from the impact of high temperature and high-speed airflow.
  • Providing a heat insulation member 67 between the heat-resistant protective member 8 and the box body 20 can further reduce the temperature of the box body 20 and protect the safety of the battery 2.
  • the air member 67 is an air sandwich.
  • the purpose of adding the heat insulating component 67 is to further reduce the temperature of the housing 20.
  • Using the air interlayer as the heat insulating component 67 will greatly reduce the heat transferred from the inside of the battery 2 to the housing 20, and the heat insulating effect is very obvious.
  • the air interlayer is provided as the heat insulating component 67 between the heat resistant protective member 8 and the box body 20 , which can further reduce the temperature of the box body 20 and enhance the safety performance of the battery 2 .
  • FIG12 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery 2 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 6, the plurality of battery cells 6 include adjacent first battery cells 6a and second battery cells 6b, the first battery cells 6a and second battery cells 6b are arranged along a first direction x, and the battery 2 further includes a heat-resistant protective member 8, which is disposed between the first battery cells 6a and second battery cells 6b.
  • a heat-resistant protective member 8 is arranged between the first battery cell 6a and the second battery cell 6b. When some of the battery cells 6 in the battery 2 experience thermal runaway, the heat-resistant protective member 8 can prevent the battery cells 6 experiencing thermal runaway from transferring heat to adjacent battery cells 6, thereby avoiding the spread of thermal runaway and effectively preventing the spread of thermal runaway in the battery 2, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery 2.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is disposed between the first wall 68 of the first battery cell 6a and the second wall 69 of the second battery cell 6b , the first wall 68 being the wall with the largest surface area in the first battery cell 6a , and the second wall 69 being the wall with the largest surface area in the second battery cell 6b .
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 is disposed between the walls of two adjacent battery cells 6 with the largest surface area. Thus, the heat-resistant protective member 8 can prevent the thermal runaway of the battery cells 6 from spreading over a larger range, which is more conducive to preventing the thermal runaway in the battery 2 from spreading.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 can also be arranged between other walls of two adjacent battery cells 6. If a battery cell 6 is surrounded by adjacent battery cells 6, then its four side walls can be provided with heat-resistant protective members 8 opposite to the side walls. It can also be arranged according to the arrangement of the battery cells 6 in the battery 2 and the space requirements. This application does not limit this.
  • two heat-resistant protective parts 8 are arranged between the first battery cell 6a and the second battery cell 6b, and a thermal resistance layer 9 is sandwiched between the two heat-resistant protective parts 8.
  • the thermal resistance layer 9 is arranged between the two heat-resistant protective parts 8 to form a "sandwich" structure.
  • the heat-resistant protective parts 8 can protect the thermal resistance layer 9 from being squeezed and deformed by the battery cells 20, so that the thermal resistance layer 9 can better play a role in heat insulation and ensure that the thermal resistance layer 9 effectively prevents the spread of thermal runaway in the battery 2.
  • the thermal resistance layer 9 can be made of aerogel felt. It can be understood that the heat-resistant protective part 8 of the present application can be arranged at any part of the battery that requires heat protection, and the above-mentioned embodiment is just an example.
  • some embodiments of the present application provide a heat-resistant protective member 8, the heat-resistant protective member 8 includes a composite layer, the composite layer includes a fiber matrix 810 and a resin 811, wherein the resin 811 is dispersed in the pores of the fiber matrix 810 and/or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810. That is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 includes a fiber resin (FR) composite layer 81.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 includes a fiber resin (FR) composite layer 81.
  • the shape and size of the heat-resistant protective member 8 provided in the present application are not limited.
  • the present application only takes the plate-shaped heat-resistant protective member as an example for explanation.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 of the present application can be arranged in the battery cell and opposite to the pressure relief mechanism, or can be arranged between different battery cells, and the heat-resistant protective member 8 can also be directly prepared as the upper cover or bottom cover of the battery cell or battery pack.
  • the fiber matrix 810 can provide high-temperature mechanical properties and resist the impact of high-temperature particles and airflow.
  • the continuous fiber matrix 810 has good mechanical strength and impact toughness.
  • the solid slag inside the battery cell will be ejected with the heat flow and blocked by the fiber matrix 810. It uses its own deformation to absorb the impact of the flame heat flow. The slag continues to adhere to the fiber matrix 810 to form a barrier to further resist the impact of the heat flow.
  • the volume of the fiber matrix 810 in the composite layer accounts for 50%-75%, for example, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% or 75%. It can be understood that the higher the content of the fiber matrix 810, the more it can ensure the strength and toughness of the heat-resistant protective component 8.
  • volume proportion of the fiber matrix 810 in the composite layer is less than 50%, the strength and toughness of the heat-resistant protective component 8 are poor. If the volume proportion of the fiber matrix 810 in the composite layer is greater than 75%, it is difficult to disperse the resin 811 in the pores of the entire fiber matrix 810 and/or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810 to form a composite structure with strong bonding force.
  • the fibers of the fiber matrix 810 include one or more of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, boron carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube, which can effectively resist thermal shock.
  • the fiber matrix 810 includes fiber cloth and/or fiber felt, wherein the fiber cloth is a woven fabric of long fibers, which can be one or more of fiber twill fabric, fiber satin fabric, fiber uniaxial fabric, and fiber multiaxial fabric; the fiber felt is a sheet-like product made by combining long fibers or short fibers in an undirected manner through chemical adhesives or mechanical action.
  • Long fibers are continuous filaments, and short fibers are products after continuous filaments are cut into short pieces; long fibers and short fibers are relative concepts, and the specific size can be selected according to the size of the fiber matrix 810.
  • the fiber cloth and/or fiber mat in the fiber matrix 810 may be one or more layers.
  • the fiber matrix 810 includes a laminated fiber cloth and/or fiber mat, for example, a plurality of laminated fiber cloths, a plurality of laminated fiber mats, or a laminated fiber cloth and fiber mat. After two or more layers of fiber cloth and/or fiber mat are laminated, they may be bonded and cured by resin 811.
  • the resin 811 is dispersed in the pores of the fiber matrix 810 and/or covers the upper and lower surfaces of the fiber matrix 810.
  • the method of compounding the fiber matrix 810 and the resin 811 is not limited.
  • the fiber cloth and/or fiber felt can be impregnated in the resin 811 and then cured to form a composite layer, so that the resin 811 is dispersed in the pores of the fiber matrix 810 and/or cured on the upper and lower surfaces of the fiber matrix 810.
  • the composite layer can also be formed by laminating the fiber cloth and/or fiber felt with the sheet-like resin 811 and then hot pressing. When subjected to thermal shock, the resin 811 can carbonize and absorb heat to form a carbon layer to resist heat penetration.
  • the resin 811 includes a combination of one or more of phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, furan resin, polyurea, and phenolic modified epoxy resin.
  • Furan resin includes furfural resin.
  • resin 811 has a high carbon content and a high cracking temperature. Decomposition and carbonization can absorb more heat and resist thermal shock.
  • the mass content of carbon in resin 811 is greater than 40%, and preferably the mass content of carbon in resin 811 is greater than 50%.
  • the method of compounding the fiber matrix 810 and the resin 811 is not limited to: multiple layers of fiber cloth are impregnated with the resin 811 and then stacked, and the curing conditions are first molding, wherein the molding temperature is 130-150°C, the molding time is 20-40min, and then the oven is baked, wherein the baking temperature is 120-180°C, and the baking time is 1-4h. Another method is to semi-cure the heat-resistant protective component 8 preform and then further cure it.
  • the multiple layers of fiber cloth are impregnated with resin 811, they are left to stand at 25°C (25°C) until the surface is dry (semi-cured), or molded at 50°C-80°C/oven dried for 10-40 minutes until the surface is dry (semi-cured), and then the semi-cured heat-resistant protective component preforms are stacked and cured.
  • the curing conditions are first molding, wherein the molding temperature is 130-160°C, the molding time is 10-40 minutes, and then oven baking, wherein the baking temperature is 150-200°C, and the baking time is 1-4 hours.
  • a viscosity regulator is dispersed in the resin 811, and the viscosity regulator includes a combination of one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and butanone, which is used to reduce the viscosity of the resin 811, so as to facilitate the infiltration, penetration, and production and processing of the resin 811 and the fiber into a uniform product. Reducing the viscosity of the resin 811 is conducive to adding fillers 842, such as functional materials such as silicon-containing particles or chopped fibers.
  • the amount of the viscosity regulator is 1-10% of the volume of the resin 811, for example, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% or 10%; when the amount of the viscosity regulator is less than 1%, the viscosity of the resin 811 is large and the fluidity is poor, and it is difficult to form a product with uniform thickness; when the amount of the viscosity regulator is higher than 10%, the viscosity of the resin 811 is small and the fluidity is strong, which will cause the solvent of the resin 811 to volatilize during the processing and molding of the composition, resulting in the formation of pores and bubbles in the product. Furthermore, in some embodiments, when the viscosity of the resin 811 needs to be increased, the resin 811 is usually heated to volatilize the solvent in the resin 811 before the resin 811 is compounded with the fiber matrix 810 .
  • a curing agent may be dispersed in the resin 811, and the curing agent can effectively shorten the curing time of the resin 811, which is beneficial to the large-scale and batch production of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the curing agent used in the phenolic resin is urotropine as a curing agent, and the amount of urotropine used is 2.5-3% of the mass of the phenolic resin.
  • the curing agent used in the furfural resin is a phosphoric acid curing agent, and the amount of the phosphoric acid curing agent used is 6-7% of the mass of the furfural resin.
  • benzoxazine resin, furan resin, and polyurea do not use a curing agent.
  • a flame retardant may be dispersed in the resin 811 to prevent the heat-resistant protective member 8 from burning.
  • the flame retardant may include one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and DOPO.
  • the amount of the flame retardant is 5-40% of the mass of the resin 811, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40%, etc.
  • a phase change material is dispersed in the resin 811, and the amount of the phase change material is 5%-20% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810, such as 5%, 10%, 15% or 20%.
  • the phase change material can absorb heat to provide resistance to thermal shock and can reduce heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the fire-repelling surface.
  • the phase change material can be a hydrated salt component, such as sodium sulfate decahydrate ( Na2SO4 ⁇ 10H2O ), calcium chloride hexahydrate ( CaCl2 ⁇ 6H2O ), and magnesium chloride hexahydrate ( MgCl2 ⁇ 6H2O ).
  • the heat-resistant shield 8 also includes a ceramic precursor. Under the action of thermal shock, the ceramic precursor can generate ceramic materials such as SiCN and/or SiCNO, thereby increasing the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant shield 8.
  • the ceramic precursor may include one or more of polysilazane resin, polyborosilazane resin and polycarbosilane resin.
  • the ceramic precursor causes the bending strength of the heat-resistant shield to decrease at room temperature.
  • the ceramic precursor reacts at high temperature to generate ceramic materials, which will not reduce the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant shield 8.
  • the volume of the ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the volumes of the ceramic precursor and the resin 811, or the mass of the ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the masses of the ceramic precursor and the resin 811, so as to ensure that the heat-resistant shield has good bending strength at room temperature while controlling the cost of the heat-resistant shield 8, thereby maintaining the market competitive advantage of the heat-resistant shield 8 while improving the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant shield 8.
  • the ceramic precursor can be dispersed together with the resin 811 in the pores between the fiber matrix 810 and/or cover the upper and lower surfaces of the fiber matrix 810.
  • the ceramic precursor can be directly set on the surface of the fiber resin composite layer 81, or the ceramic precursor can be composited with the fiber matrix 810 and then stacked with the above-mentioned fiber resin composite layer 81.
  • the fiber matrix 810 may include a first fiber matrix and a second fiber matrix, wherein the resin 811 may be dispersed in the pores of the first fiber matrix and/or cover two opposite surfaces of the first fiber matrix to form a first composite layer; the ceramic precursor is dispersed in the pores of the second fiber matrix and/or covers two opposite surfaces of the second fiber matrix to form a second composite layer, and the first composite layer and the second composite layer are stacked to form a stacked structure.
  • two first composite layers sandwich at least one second composite layer to form a stacked structure.
  • two second composite layers sandwich at least one first composite layer to form a stacked structure.
  • multiple first composite layers and multiple second composite layers are alternately stacked.
  • the mixture of resin 811 and ceramic precursor slurry is dispersed in the pores of fiber matrix 810 and/or covers two opposite surfaces of fiber matrix 810 by impregnation curing; for example, the ceramic precursor slurry uses polysilazane, the resin 811 is mixed with polysilazane, and the fiber cloth is impregnated with the mixture of resin 811 and polysilazane.
  • the curing conditions are first molded at 50-80°C for 20-40 minutes, then heated to 130-150°C for 20-40 minutes, and then baked at 150-180°C for 1-2 hours until completely cured.
  • the ceramic precursor is coated on one surface of the composite layer in the form of slurry, or on two opposite surfaces of the composite layer.
  • the heat-resistant shield 8 further includes a filler 842 , and the filler 842 may include one or more of a silicon-containing filler, a silicon-containing filler, a high-temperature fusion agent, a lubricant, and a heat-reflective filler.
  • the silicon-containing filler can be coated on the surface of the composite layer or embedded in the resin 811.
  • the silicon-containing filler is first sprayed on the surface of the composite layer, and then the silicon-containing filler is embedded in the resin 811 by hot pressing, for example, the hot pressing temperature is 120°C-160°C, the hot pressing time is 20min-40min, and then the hot pressing is baked at 130°C-180°C for 1h-3h; or, the silicon-containing filler is dispersed in the resin 811 and impregnated with the resin in which the silicon-containing filler is dispersed.
  • the amount of silicon-containing filler is 40-70% by volume.
  • the silicon-containing filler can begin to melt at high temperature, and the gasification of the silicon-containing filler can absorb a large amount of heat.
  • the silicon-containing filler begins to melt and reacts with the carbon layer formed by the resin 811 to generate solid silicon carbide.
  • the solid silicon carbide can resist high-temperature erosion and high-temperature shear and stretching or compression, and can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant protective component 8 and prevent the heat-resistant protective component 8 from being broken.
  • the silicon-containing filler includes a combination of one or more of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc. Quartz powder includes silica powder.
  • the silicon-containing filler includes silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of silica aerogel powder to mica powder is 1:3-1:1.
  • Silica aerogel is a porous material with mesopores and has an extremely low thermal conductivity. When the heat-resistant protective element 8 is subjected to thermal shock, the temperature of the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective element 8 rises rapidly to form a steep temperature gradient.
  • Silica aerogel can delay the heat transfer from the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective element 8 to the back-fire surface.
  • Silica aerogel powder is prone to shrinkage of the pore structure under the action of high temperatures of 800°C-1000°C, and the effect of delaying the heat transfer from the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective element 8 to the back-fire surface is weakened.
  • Mica powder is used in combination with silica aerogel. Mica has good heat resistance and thermal insulation. Mica becomes brittle at 800°C-1000°C, but the structure is not damaged and the thermal insulation performance is still maintained. At 1050°C-1100°C, the mica structure is damaged.
  • silicon begins to melt and react with the resin carbon layer to form porous solid silicon carbide to resist thermal shock, reduce heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-fire surface, and this process can absorb a large amount of heat to further provide resistance to thermal shock.
  • the silicon-containing filler comprises silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, wherein the aluminum oxide can improve the temperature resistance of silicon dioxide, and under the action of high temperature of thermal shock, silicon dioxide can react with the carbonized carbon layer of the resin to form silicon carbide.
  • the amount of silicon dioxide is 50-80wt% of the silicon-containing filler, and the amount of aluminum oxide is 10-30wt% of the silicon-containing filler.
  • the filler 842 is a high-temperature fusion agent, that is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 also includes a high-temperature fusion agent.
  • the high-temperature fusion agent has a low melting point, which helps the silicon-containing filler to melt or gasify and the carbon layer formed by carbonization of the resin 811 to form solid silicon carbide.
  • the amount of the high-temperature fusion agent is 40-70% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810; the high-temperature fusion agent includes one or more of talcum powder, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and silicon aluminum powder. Among them, talcum powder can also be used as a lubricant to help the molding of the composition.
  • the high-temperature fusion agent is coated on the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in the resin 811.
  • the high-temperature fusion agent is first sprayed on the surface of the composite layer, and then the high-temperature fusion agent is embedded in the resin 811 by hot pressing; or, the high-temperature fusion agent is dispersed in the resin 811, and the fiber matrix 810 is impregnated with the resin 811 dispersed with the high-temperature fusion agent.
  • the filler 842 also includes a high-temperature fusion agent. That is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 includes a silicon-containing filler and a high-temperature fusion agent, wherein the amount of the high-temperature fusion agent is 10wt%-40wt% of the silicon-containing filler, such as 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, 25wt%, 30wt%, 35wt% or 40wt%, etc.
  • the high-temperature fusion agent includes one or more of talcum powder, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and silicon aluminum powder.
  • the material of the high-temperature fusion agent is different from the material of the silicon-containing filler.
  • the high-temperature fusion agent is coated on the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in the resin 811.
  • the silicon-containing filler and the high-temperature fusion agent are first mixed and sprayed or sprayed successively on the surface of the composite layer, and then the silicon-containing filler and the high-temperature fusion agent are embedded in the resin 811 by hot pressing.
  • the hot pressing temperature is 120°C-160°C
  • the hot pressing time is 20min-40min
  • the hot pressing is carried out and then baked at 130°C-180°C for 1h-3h; or, the silicon-containing filler and the high-temperature fusion agent are dispersed in the resin 811 together, and the fiber matrix 810 is impregnated with the resin 811 dispersed with the silicon-containing filler and the high-temperature fusion agent.
  • the filler 842 also includes a lubricant, that is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 also includes a lubricant, which is used to better mold the composition.
  • the lubricant includes one or a combination of polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, and paraffin wax, which can increase the lubricity of the fiber matrix 810 and the filler 842 in the resin 811, and is used to better mold the composition.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 includes a silicon-containing filler and a lubricant, and the amount of the lubricant is 10-40wt% of the silicon-containing filler, such as 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, 25wt%, 30wt%, 35wt% or 40wt%, etc.
  • filler 842 is a heat-reflecting filler, that is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 also includes a heat-reflecting filler, and the amount of the heat-reflecting filler is 0-5wt% of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • filler 842 includes a silicon-containing filler and a heat-reflecting filler, that is, the heat-resistant protective member 8 includes a silicon-containing filler and a heat-reflecting filler, wherein the amount of the heat-reflecting filler is 5-30wt% of the silicon-containing filler.
  • the heat-reflecting filler can be coated on the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in the resin 811, and the specific method can refer to the method of adding a silicon-containing filler or a high-temperature fusion agent.
  • the heat-reflecting filler generally has the characteristics of a high melting point and can reduce heat transfer.
  • the heat-reflecting filler includes one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium, and can be selected according to needs.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 further includes a colorant, which is used to adjust the appearance of the heat-resistant protective member 8 and ensure the consistency of the appearance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the colorant includes one or more of carbon black, titanium white, iron black, oily color essence, and transition metal coloring ion oxide.
  • the transition metal may be one or more of iron, chromium, copper, and nickel.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 further includes a getter, which is arranged on the surface of the composite layer 81 to form an air-absorbing layer 82, as shown in FIG17 , or embedded in the resin 811, for absorbing the combustible gas ejected from the pressure relief valve of the battery cell to delay the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the amount of the getter is 0-10wt% of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the getter can be one or more of carbon molecular sieve, zeolite sieve, graphene, talcum powder, and alumina.
  • the air absorption layer 82 is arranged on the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8, and is used to absorb the combustible gas ejected from the pressure relief valve of the battery cell to delay the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the air absorption layer 82 includes a shell and an air absorbent in the shell.
  • the shell of the air absorption layer 82 is covered by a fiber resin composite layer.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 further includes a heat-insulating layer 83, and the heat-insulating layer 83 is stacked with the fiber resin composite layer 81.
  • the heat-insulating layer 83 is arranged on the back-fire surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8 to prevent the transfer of the temperature of the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8 to the temperature of the back-fire surface.
  • the heat-insulating layer 83 includes an aerogel coating or an aerogel felt, wherein the aerogel coating can save more space, and the aerogel felt can be more firmly arranged on the composite layer.
  • the aerogel coating is formed by applying aerogel slurry and then drying it.
  • the aerogel slurry includes 10-50 parts of aerogel powder, 20-50 parts of adhesive, 1-5 parts of dispersant, 50-80 parts of solvent and 1-5 parts of film-forming aid.
  • Aerogel powder provides thermal insulation for aerogel coating; adhesive provides viscosity of the slurry and ensures film formation after the final coating dries; dispersant is used to disperse aerogel powder to prevent aerogel powder from agglomerating; solvent is used to adjust the viscosity of the slurry to facilitate the dispersion of aerogel powder; film-forming aid is used to help the adhesive dry and form a film to prevent aerogel powder from falling off in the aerogel coating.
  • the adhesive is one or more of silica sol, aluminum sol, sodium water glass, polyurethane, epoxy resin, acrylic emulsion, latex powder, modified starch, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone;
  • the dispersant is one or more of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium hexametaphosphate, stearamide, sorbitan polyether tetraoleate, cellulose, and polyethylene glycol;
  • the film-forming aid is one or more of benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, and alcohol ester-12.
  • some embodiments of the present application provide a heat-resistant protective member 8, which includes a functional layer 84.
  • the functional layer 84 includes a first resin 841 and a filler 842 dispersed in the first resin 841. After the first resin 841 and the filler 842 are uniformly mixed to form a composition, the first resin 841 is cured to form the functional layer 84. That is, the functional layer 84 is a composite layer of the resin and the filler 842.
  • the mass content of carbon in the first resin 841 is greater than 40%, preferably, the mass content of carbon in the first resin 841 is greater than 50%.
  • the first resin 841 can carbonize and absorb heat to form a carbon layer to resist heat penetration.
  • the first resin 841 may include a combination of one or more of phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, furan resin, polyurea, and phenolic modified epoxy resin.
  • a first viscosity regulator is dispersed in the first resin 841.
  • the viscosity regulator can reduce the viscosity of the high viscosity resin, facilitate the infiltration, penetration and production of the resin and the fiber into a uniform product, and reduce the viscosity of the first resin 841 to facilitate the addition of fillers 842, such as functional materials such as silicon-containing particles or chopped fibers.
  • the amount of the first viscosity regulator is 1-10% of the volume of the first resin 841. When the amount of the first viscosity regulator is less than 1% of the volume of the first resin 841, the first resin 841 has a large viscosity and poor fluidity, and it is difficult to form a product with uniform thickness.
  • the first viscosity regulator includes a combination of one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and butanone, which is used to reduce the viscosity of the first resin 841.
  • a first curing agent is dispersed in the first resin 841.
  • the first curing agent can effectively shorten the curing time of the first resin 841, which is beneficial to the large-scale and batch production of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • phenolic resin uses urotropine as the first curing agent, and the amount of urotropine used is 2.5-3% of the mass of the phenolic resin.
  • Furfuryl ketone resin uses phosphoric acid curing agent as the first curing agent, and the amount of phosphoric acid curing agent used is 6-7% of the mass of the furfuryl ketone resin. It should be noted that benzoxazine resin, furan resin, and polyurea do not use curing agent.
  • a first flame retardant is dispersed in the first resin 841, and the amount of the first flame retardant is 5-40% of the mass of the first resin 841.
  • the flame retardant is one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO).
  • the filler 842 is chopped fibers, and the volume proportion of the chopped fibers in the functional layer 84 is 50-80%.
  • the chopped fibers include one or more of carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes.
  • the filler 842 is a first heat reflective filler, and the volume proportion of the first heat reflective filler in the functional layer 84 is 45-75%; the first heat reflective filler includes one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.
  • the filler 842 includes a first silicon-containing filler, and the weight ratio of the first resin 841 to the first silicon-containing filler is 1:3-1:1.
  • the silicon-containing filler begins to melt at a high temperature of 1200°C. After the silicon-containing filler is melted at high temperature, it can increase the integrity of the heat-resistant shield 8 and improve the flame impact strength.
  • the melting and gasification of the silicon-containing filler can absorb a large amount of heat, and the carbon layer formed by the silicon-containing filler and the resin reacts to generate solid silicon carbide.
  • the solid silicon carbide can resist high-temperature erosion and high-temperature shear and stretching or compression, and can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant shield 8 and prevent the heat-resistant shield 8 from being broken.
  • the filler 842 includes short chopped fibers and a first silicon-containing filler.
  • the short chopped fibers include one or more of carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes.
  • the amount of the short chopped fibers is 0-15wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, and the length of the short chopped fibers is 0.05-30mm and the diameter is 1-15 ⁇ m.
  • the first silicon-containing filler includes a combination of one or more of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc.
  • the ceramic powder is mainly composed of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, and aluminum oxide improves the temperature resistance of the ceramic powder. Under the action of thermal shock and high temperature, silicon dioxide reacts with the carbonized carbon layer of the resin to form silicon carbide.
  • the first silicon-containing filler includes silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of silica aerogel powder to mica powder is 1:3-1:1.
  • the temperature of the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8 rises rapidly to form a steep temperature gradient.
  • Silica aerogel is a porous material with mesopores and has an extremely low thermal conductivity. Silica aerogel can delay the heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • Silica aerogel is prone to shrinkage of the pore structure under high temperatures of 800°C-1000°C, and the effect of delaying the heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8 is weakened.
  • Mica is used in combination with silica aerogel. Mica has good heat resistance and thermal insulation. Mica becomes brittle at 800°C-1000°C, but the structure is not damaged and it can still maintain thermal insulation performance. At 1050°C-1100°C, the mica structure is destroyed.
  • the silicon in the first silicon-containing filler reacts with the resin carbon layer to form porous solid silicon carbide to resist thermal shock and reduce heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-fire surface. This process can absorb a large amount of heat to further provide resistance to thermal shock.
  • the first silicon-containing filler comprises silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide
  • the amount of silicon dioxide is 50-80wt% of the first silicon-containing filler
  • the amount of aluminum oxide is 10-30wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the filler 842 includes a first silicon-containing filler and a first high-temperature fusion agent, wherein the amount of the first high-temperature fusion agent is 10wt%-40wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the material of the first high-temperature fusion agent is different from that of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the first high-temperature fusion agent has a low melting point, which helps the first silicon-containing filler to melt or gasify and form a carbon layer formed by carbonization of the resin to form solid silicon carbide.
  • the first high-temperature fusion agent includes one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and silicon aluminum powder.
  • the filler 842 includes a first silicon-containing filler and a first lubricant, and the first lubricant helps the composition to be formed.
  • the amount of the first lubricant is 10-40wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the first lubricant includes one or a combination of polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, paraffin, and talcum powder. Polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, and paraffin can increase the lubricity of the filler 842 in the resin and help the composition to be formed, but because it will reduce the softening point of the composition, it will reduce the heat resistance of the heat-resistant protective member 8. Therefore, the content of the first lubricant should not be too high.
  • the filler 842 includes a first silicon-containing filler and a first heat-reflecting filler, wherein the first heat-reflecting filler has a high melting point and can reduce heat transfer.
  • the first heat-reflecting filler is used in an amount of 0-5wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the first heat-reflecting filler includes one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.
  • the functional layer 84 also includes a first ceramic precursor.
  • the first ceramic precursor includes one or more of polysilazane resin, polyborosilazane resin and polycarbosilane resin. Under the action of thermal shock, polysilazane resin and polyborosilazane resin can generate ceramic materials such as SiCN and SiCNO, which can increase the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the first ceramic precursor can be mixed with the first resin 841 and the filler 842 and then cured to form a function, or it can be coated on the surface of the composite layer of the first resin 841 and the filler 842. On the one hand, the ceramic precursor causes the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective member at room temperature to decrease.
  • the ceramic precursor reacts at high temperature to generate ceramic materials, which will not reduce the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the volume of the first ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the volumes of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin 841, or the mass of the first ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the masses of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin 841, so as to ensure that the heat-resistant shield 8 has good bending strength at room temperature while controlling the cost of the heat-resistant shield 8, thereby improving the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant shield 8 while maintaining the market competitiveness of the heat-resistant shield 8.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 also includes a reinforcing layer 85 stacked with the functional layer 84 , and the first resin 841 of the functional layer 84 penetrates into the reinforcing layer 85 under the action of heat pressing, thereby bonding and curing with the reinforcing layer 85 , and the reinforcing layer 85 is used for mechanical reinforcement of the functional layer 84 at room temperature.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 is a fiber matrix 810, that is, a pure fiber matrix 810 is used as the reinforcing layer 85.
  • the fiber matrix 810 and the functional layer 84 can be stacked and arranged, and the first resin 841 in the functional layer 84 can be partially infiltrated into the fiber matrix 810 by hot pressing. Since the penetration depth of the first resin 841 by hot pressing is limited, the thickness of the pure fiber matrix 810 should not be too large. In one embodiment, the thickness range of the pure fiber matrix 810 is ⁇ 0.2 mm, so that during the hot pressing process, the first resin 841 in the functional layer 84 can infiltrate the entire pure fiber matrix 810.
  • the fiber matrix 810 includes fiber cloth and/or fiber felt; the fibers of the fiber matrix 810 include one or more of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, boron carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube.
  • the fiber cloth and/or fiber felt are used to mechanically enhance the functional layer 84 at room temperature.
  • the fiber cloth is one or more of fiber twill fabric, fiber satin fabric, fiber uniaxial fabric and fiber multiaxial fabric, wherein the fiber twill fabric is a fabric in which the warp and weft yarns are interlaced at least once every two yarns, and the warp and weft interlacing points are added to change the fabric structure; the warp or weft yarns of the fiber satin fabric form some separate, unconnected warp or weft weave points in the fabric, and the cloth surface is almost entirely covered by the warp or weft yarns, and the surface seems to have diagonal lines, but there is no obvious diagonal line pattern like twill, the warp and weft yarns are interlaced less times, and it has the characteristics of smooth and bright appearance, soft texture, etc.; the fiber uniaxial fabric is a fabric with yarns inserted in the transverse or longitudinal direction, with high fiber continuity and linearity, and is a typical anisotropic material with good curling along the direction perpendicular to the yarn; the fiber multiaxial fabric includes warp
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 made of a large-sized functional layer 84 may crack or break during transportation at room temperature and in a thermal shock environment.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 enhances the mechanical properties of the functional layer 84, thereby improving the room-temperature mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 is used as the fire-facing surface. Under the action of thermal shock, the reinforcing layer 85 ablates and absorbs heat to provide the functional layer 84 with resistance to thermal shock.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 formed by only the functional layer 84 that is, the composite layer of the first resin 841 and the filler 842, has poor impact resistance and can be used in small battery cells.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 formed by laminating the functional layer 84 and the reinforcement layer 85 has high heat shock resistance and can be used in large battery cells. The specific selection can be made according to actual needs.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 includes a fiber matrix 810 and a second resin 850, the second resin 850 is dispersed in the pores of the fiber matrix 810 and/or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810 to form a composite layer, and the fiber matrix 810 accounts for 50%-75% of the volume of the reinforcing layer 85. That is, the reinforcing layer 85 adopts the fiber resin composite layer 81 provided in the above embodiment. Further, the number of layers of fiber cloth and/or fiber felt in the fiber matrix 810 can be one layer, two layers or more, and more than two layers of fiber cloth and/or fiber felt are bonded and cured by the second resin 850 after lamination.
  • the second resin 850 includes a combination of one or more of phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, furan resin, polyurea, and phenolic modified epoxy resin, and the mass content of carbon element in the second resin 850 is greater than 40%.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 containing the second resin 850 is compounded with the functional layer 84 containing the first resin 841, so that the resin 811 in the reinforcing layer 85 and the functional layer 84 can be distributed more evenly and fully.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 impregnated with the second resin 850 is used as the fire-facing surface.
  • the second resin 850 absorbs heat and carbonizes to resist heat penetration, thereby providing protection for the functional layer 84.
  • the thickness ratio of the functional layer 84 to the reinforcing layer 85 is (8-10): (1-4), and the reinforcing layer 85 can be used as the fire-facing surface ablation protection functional layer 84, and the functional layer 84 provides the main impact resistance for the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 includes two reinforcing layers 85, namely the first reinforcing layer and the second reinforcing layer, which are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the functional layer 84 to form a sandwich-like structure, and the thickness ratio of the first reinforcing layer, the functional layer 84 and the second reinforcing layer is (1-2): (8-10): (1-2), so as to improve the symmetry of the mechanical properties of the opposite sides of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the first reinforcing layer on the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8 undergoes carbonization ablation and heat absorption, and the second reinforcing layer on the back-facing surface can maintain the structural integrity of the functional layer 84.
  • a second viscosity regulator is dispersed in the second resin 850, and the amount of the second viscosity regulator is 1-10% of the volume of the second resin 850.
  • a second curing agent is dispersed in the second resin 850.
  • a second flame retardant is dispersed in the second resin 850, and the amount of the second flame retardant is 5-40% of the mass of the second resin 850.
  • the second viscosity regulator, the second curing agent, and the second flame retardant are respectively similar in material and/or composition to the first viscosity regulator, the first curing agent, and the first flame retardant in the above-mentioned embodiments, and the above-mentioned embodiments may be referred to for details, which will not be described in detail here.
  • a phase change material is also dispersed in the second resin 850, and the amount of the phase change material is 5%-20% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810.
  • the phase change material can absorb heat to provide resistance to thermal shock, and can reduce heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the fire-repellent surface.
  • the phase change material is only added and used in the reinforcement layer 85. Further, the phase change material adopts a hydrated salt component.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 also includes a second ceramic precursor.
  • the second ceramic precursor includes one or more of polysilazane resin 811, polyborosilazane resin 811 and polycarbosilane resin 811. Under the action of thermal shock, ceramic materials such as SiCN and SiCNO can be generated, which can increase the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • a mixture of the second resin 850 and the second ceramic precursor is dispersed in the pores of the fiber matrix 810 and/or covers two opposite surfaces of the fiber matrix 810.
  • the second ceramic precursor is coated on one surface of the fiber resin composite layer, or on two opposite surfaces of the fiber resin composite layer.
  • the ceramic precursor causes the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective member to decrease at room temperature.
  • the ceramic precursor reacts at high temperature to generate ceramic materials, which will not reduce the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the volume of the second ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the volumes of the second ceramic precursor and the second resin 850, or the mass of the second ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the masses of the second ceramic precursor and the second resin 850, so as to ensure that the heat-resistant shield 8 has good bending strength at room temperature while controlling the cost of the heat-resistant shield 8, thereby improving the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant shield 8 while maintaining the market competitiveness of the heat-resistant shield 8.
  • the fiber matrix 810 includes a first fiber matrix and a second fiber matrix; the second resin 850 is dispersed in the pores of the first fiber matrix and/or covers two opposite surfaces of the first fiber matrix to form a first composite layer; the second ceramic precursor is dispersed in the pores of the second fiber matrix and/or covers two opposite surfaces of the second fiber matrix to form a second composite layer.
  • the first composite layer and the second composite layer are stacked to form a stacked structure.
  • two first composite layers sandwich at least one second composite layer to form a stacked structure.
  • two second composite layers sandwich at least one first composite layer to form a stacked structure.
  • multiple first composite layers and multiple second composite layers are alternately stacked.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 includes a fiber matrix 810 , a second resin 850 , and a filler 842 , wherein the filler 842 includes one or more of a second silicon-containing filler, a second high-temperature fusion agent, a second lubricant, and a second heat-reflecting filler.
  • filler 842 is a second silicon-containing filler, and the second silicon-containing filler accounts for 40-70% of the volume of fiber matrix 810.
  • the second silicon-containing filler can be coated on the surface of fiber resin composite layer 81 or embedded in the second resin 850.
  • the second silicon-containing filler includes a combination of one or more of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc.
  • the second silicon-containing filler includes silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of silica aerogel powder to mica powder is 1:3-1:1.
  • the second silicon-containing filler contains silica and aluminum oxide; the amount of silica is 50-80wt% of the second silicon-containing filler, and the amount of aluminum oxide is 10-30wt% of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the second silicon-containing filler is coated on the surface of the composite layer or embedded in the second resin 850.
  • the filler 842 includes a second silicon-containing filler and a second high-temperature fusion agent, that is, the reinforcing layer 85 includes the second silicon-containing filler and the second high-temperature fusion agent, and the amount of the second high-temperature fusion agent is 10wt%-40wt% of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the second high-temperature fusion agent includes one or more of talcum powder, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and silicon aluminum powder; the material of the second high-temperature fusion agent is different from the material of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 includes a second silicon-containing filler and a second lubricant, and the amount of the second lubricant is 10-40wt% of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the second lubricant includes one or a combination of polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, and paraffin wax.
  • the filler 842 includes a second silicon-containing filler and a second heat-reflecting filler, that is, the reinforcing layer 85 includes a second silicon-containing filler and a second heat-reflecting filler, and the second heat-reflecting filler is 5-30wt% of the second silicon-containing filler.
  • the second heat-reflecting filler includes one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 includes a fiber matrix 810, a second resin 850, and a colorant, and the colorant includes one or more of carbon black, titanium white, iron black, oil color essence, and transition metal coloring ion oxide.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 further includes an air-absorbing agent; the air-absorbing agent is filled in the functional layer 84 and/or the reinforcing layer 85, or the air-absorbing agent is arranged between the functional layer 84 and the reinforcing layer 85 to form an air-absorbing layer 82.
  • the air-absorbing agent is filled in the functional layer 84 and/or the reinforcing layer 85 of the heat-resistant protective member 8 as a filler 842, and is used to absorb the combustible gas ejected from the pressure relief valve of the battery cell to delay the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the air-absorbing agent is one or more of carbon molecular sieve, zeolite sieve, graphene, talcum powder, and alumina.
  • the air-absorbing layer 82 is arranged on the side of the reinforcing layer 85 away from the functional layer 84, and the air-absorbing layer 82 includes a shell and an air-absorbing agent in the shell.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 further includes a heat-insulating layer 83, which is disposed on the side of the functional layer 84 away from the reinforcing layer 85, and is used to block the transfer of the temperature of the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8 to the temperature of the back-facing surface.
  • the heat-insulating layer 83 includes an aerogel coating or an aerogel felt. The aerogel coating can save more space, while the aerogel felt can be more firmly arranged on the composite layer. Specifically, the aerogel coating is formed by applying an aerogel slurry and then drying it, see the above-mentioned aerogel coating for details.
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide a heat-resistant protective member 8, which includes a reinforcing layer 85, a functional layer 84, and a reinforcement layer 86 arranged in sequence from the fire-facing side to the fire-repellent side, wherein the functional layer 84 includes a first resin 841 and a filler 842 dispersed in the first resin 841, and the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86 both include a fiber matrix 810.
  • the functional layer 84 is disposed between the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86 only include the fiber matrix 810, that is, the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86 are pure fiber matrix 810.
  • the first resin 841 infiltrates into the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86 under the action of heat and pressure, and the functional layer 84 is bonded, cured and composited with the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86.
  • FIG. 25 the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86 only include the fiber matrix 810, that is, the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86 are pure fiber matrix 810.
  • the first resin 841 infiltrates into the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86 under the action of heat and pressure, and the functional layer 84 is bonded, cured and composited with the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 and/or the reinforcement layer 86 include the fiber matrix 810 and the second resin 850, that is, the reinforcing layer 85 and/or the reinforcement layer 86 adopt the fiber resin composite layer provided in the above embodiment; the functional layer 84 adopts the resin filler composite layer provided in the above embodiment.
  • the first resin 841 in the functional layer 84 and the second resin 850 in the reinforcing layer 85 and/or the reinforcement layer 86 can be mutually fused, bonded, cured and composited under the action of heat and pressure.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcement layer 86 have the same structure, but the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcement layer 86 may be higher than or the same as the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85.
  • the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcement layer 86 and the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85 may be made of the same material or different materials.
  • the fiber matrix 810 with a high melting point is usually more expensive than the fiber matrix 810 with a low melting point.
  • the fiber matrix 810 with a high melting point is only used on the back-fire surface, and the fiber matrix 810 with a low melting point is used on the fire-facing surface.
  • the fiber matrix 810 with a high melting point can also be used on both the fire-facing surface and the back-fire surface of the functional layer 84, or the fiber matrix 810 with a low melting point can be used.
  • the fiber material of the fiber matrix 810 with a low melting point includes one or more of high silica fiber, quartz fiber, glass fiber, and basalt fiber;
  • the fiber material of the fiber matrix 810 with a high melting point includes one or more of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, and boron carbon fiber.
  • the first resin 841 is used to carbonize and absorb heat to form a carbon layer to resist heat penetration when subjected to thermal shock.
  • the mass content of carbon in the first resin 841 is greater than 40%, for example, 42%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% or 70%, etc., and may include a combination of one or more of phenolic resin 811, benzoxazine resin 811, furan resin 811, polyurea, and phenolic modified epoxy resin 811. Specifically, it can be selected according to needs.
  • a first viscosity modifier is dispersed in the first resin 841, and the first viscosity modifier is used to reduce the viscosity of the high-viscosity first resin 841, so as to facilitate the infiltration, penetration and production and processing of the first resin 841 and the fiber matrix 810 into a uniform product.
  • the amount of the first viscosity modifier is 1-10% of the volume of the first resin 841, for example, 1%, 5%, 7% or 10%, etc.
  • the first viscosity modifier includes a combination of one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and butanone.
  • a first curing agent is dispersed in the first resin 841, and the first curing agent can effectively shorten the curing time of the first resin 841, which is beneficial to the large-scale and batch production of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the first resin 841 is a phenolic resin
  • urotropine is used as the first curing agent, and the amount of urotropine is 2.5-3% of the mass of the phenolic resin.
  • a phosphoric acid curing agent is used as the first curing agent, and the amount of the phosphoric acid curing agent is 6-7% of the mass of the furfural resin.
  • the first resin 841 is a benzoxazine resin, a furan resin, or a polyurea
  • no curing agent is used.
  • a first flame retardant is dispersed in the first resin 841, and the amount of the first flame retardant is 5-40% of the mass of the first resin 841, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40%.
  • the first flame retardant uses one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and DOPO, wherein ammonium polyphosphate is dehydrated under high temperature conditions to generate polyphosphoric acid or metaphosphoric acid, which can be used as a strong dehydrating agent to dehydrate the carbon-forming material in the flame retardant system to form a single carbon layer, and the expansion carbon layer is formed by the effect of the non-combustible gas generated by the gas source to isolate the air and block the fire source, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retardancy; aluminum hydroxide strongly absorbs heat when heated, absorbs a large amount of heat, and can cool the polymer, and decomposes at the same time to release crystal water, and the water vapor generated by the crystallization heat absorption can dilute the combustible gas, further inhibiting the spread of combustion; DOPO flame retardant will have a strong endothermic reaction when heated, preventing the spread of combustion, and can also increase the heat capacity of the polymer.
  • the filler 842 is a first short fiber, and the first short fiber is dispersed in the first resin 841, which can increase the strength uniformity of the functional layer 84.
  • the volume proportion of the first short fiber in the functional layer 84 is 50-80%, such as 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% or 80%, etc.
  • the first short fiber includes one or more of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, boron carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube.
  • the filler 842 is a first heat reflective filler
  • the volume proportion of the first heat reflective filler in the functional layer 84 is 45-75%, such as 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% or 75%.
  • the first heat reflective filler includes one or more of the oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.
  • the first heat reflective filler generally has a higher melting point and can reduce the transfer of heat.
  • the filler 842 includes a first silicon-containing filler, and the weight ratio of the first resin 841 to the first silicon-containing filler is 1:3-1:1, for example, 1:3, 1:2, 2:3 or 1:1, etc.
  • the first silicon-containing filler begins to melt at a high temperature of 1200°C, and the gasification of the first silicon-containing filler can absorb a large amount of heat.
  • the carbon layer formed by the first silicon-containing filler and the first resin 841 reacts to generate solid silicon carbide, which can resist high-temperature erosion and high-temperature shear and stretching or compression, and can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant protective member 8 and prevent the heat-resistant protective member 8 from being broken.
  • the first silicon-containing filler includes one or more of a combination of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc.
  • the ceramic powder is mainly composed of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, and aluminum oxide improves the temperature resistance of the ceramic powder. Under the action of thermal shock and high temperature, silicon oxide reacts with the carbonized carbon layer of the resin to form silicon carbide.
  • the first silicon-containing filler includes silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of silica aerogel powder to mica powder is 1:3-1:1.
  • the temperature of the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8 rises rapidly to form a steep temperature gradient.
  • Silica aerogel is a porous material with mesopores and has an extremely low thermal conductivity. Silica aerogel can delay heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the silica aerogel is prone to shrinkage of the pore structure under the action of high temperature of 800°C-1000°C, which weakens the effect of delaying heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • Mica has good heat resistance and thermal insulation, and mica can maintain thermal insulation properties at 800°C-1000°C.
  • the silicon in the first silicon-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer of the first resin 841 to form porous solid silicon carbide to resist thermal shock, reduce heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-fire surface, and this process can absorb and take away a large amount of heat to further provide resistance to thermal shock.
  • the first silicon-containing filler comprises silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide
  • the amount of silicon dioxide is 50-80wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, such as 50wt%, 55wt%, 60wt%, 65wt%, 70wt%, 75wt% or 80wt%, etc.
  • the amount of aluminum oxide is 10-30wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, such as 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, 25wt% or 30wt%, etc.
  • silicon dioxide reacts with the carbonized carbon layer of the first resin 841 to form silicon carbide, and aluminum oxide can improve temperature resistance.
  • the filler 842 includes a first silicon-containing filler and a first high-temperature fusion agent, and the amount of the first high-temperature fusion agent is 10wt%-40wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the first high-temperature fusion agent includes one or more of talcum powder, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and silicon aluminum powder. It should be noted that the material of the first high-temperature fusion agent is different from that of the first silicon-containing filler, and the first high-temperature fusion agent helps the first silicon-containing filler to melt or gasify and form a carbon layer formed by carbonization of the first resin 841 to form solid silicon carbide.
  • the filler 842 includes a first silicon-containing filler and a first lubricant, which is used to increase the lubricity of the fiber matrix 810 and the first silicon-containing filler in the first resin 841, and help the composition to be molded.
  • the first lubricant includes one or a combination of polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, and talcum powder.
  • the amount of the first lubricant is 10-40wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, such as 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, 25wt%, 30wt%, 35wt% or 40wt%, etc.
  • the amount of the first lubricant is less than 10wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, the effect of the first lubricant is limited.
  • the amount of the first lubricant is greater than 40wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, the softening point of the composition will be reduced, thereby reducing the heat resistance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the functional layer 84 also includes a first ceramic precursor, which includes one or more of polysilazane resin 811, polyborosilazane resin 811 and polycarbosilane resin 811, and is used to generate ceramic materials such as SiCN and SiCNO when subjected to thermal shock, so as to increase the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the first ceramic precursor can be mixed with the first resin 841 and the filler 842 and then cured to form a function, or it can be coated on the surface of the composite layer of the first resin 841 and the filler 842.
  • the volume of the first ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the volumes of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin 841, or the mass of the first ceramic precursor accounts for less than 50% of the sum of the masses of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin 841, so as to ensure that the heat-resistant protective member has good bending strength at room temperature while controlling the cost of the heat-resistant protective member 8, thereby maintaining the market competitive advantage of the heat-resistant protective member 8 while improving the temperature resistance and flame impact resistance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the filler 842 includes a first silicon-containing filler and a first short chopped fiber, and the first short chopped fiber is arranged in the functional layer 84 to increase the strength uniformity of the functional layer 84.
  • the first short chopped fiber includes one or more of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, boron carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube.
  • the amount of the first short chopped fiber is 0-15wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, and the length of the first short chopped fiber is 0.05-30mm and the diameter is 1-15 ⁇ m.
  • the filler 842 includes a first silicon-containing filler and a first heat-reflecting filler
  • the first heat-reflecting filler has a high melting point and can reduce heat transfer, and includes one or more of oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.
  • the amount of the first heat-reflecting filler is 0-5wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.
  • the reinforcement layer 85 is used as the fire-facing surface.
  • the reinforcement layer 85 enhances the mechanical properties of the functional layer 84, improves the room temperature mechanical properties and heat shock resistance of the heat-resistant protective part 8, and under the action of thermal shock, the reinforcement layer 85 ablates and absorbs heat to provide the functional layer 84 with resistance to thermal shock.
  • the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcement layer 85 includes one or more of high silica fiber, quartz fiber, glass fiber, and basalt fiber.
  • the fiber matrix 810 includes fiber cloth and/or fiber felt.
  • the fiber cloth is one or more of fiber twill fabric, fiber satin fabric, fiber uniaxial fabric, and fiber multiaxial fabric.
  • the fiber matrix 810 includes fiber cloth and/or fiber felt arranged in layers.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 includes a second resin 850, the fiber matrix 810 and the second resin 850 together form a composite layer, the second resin 850 is dispersed in the pores of the fiber matrix 810 and/or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810, the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85 accounts for 50%-75% of the volume of the reinforcing layer 85, and the mass content of carbon in the second resin 850 is greater than 40%.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 containing the second resin 850 is composited with the functional layer 84, which can avoid the problem of uneven and insufficient impregnation of the reinforcing layer 85 with the resin 811 in the functional layer 84 after the reinforcing layer 85 without resin 811 is composited with the functional layer 84.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 impregnated with the second resin 850 is used as the fire-facing surface, and the second resin 850 absorbs heat and carbonizes to resist heat penetration, providing protection for the functional layer 84.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 includes a single layer or more than two layers of fiber cloth, and the two or more layers of fiber cloth are bonded and cured by the second resin 850 after lamination.
  • the second resin 850 of the reinforcing layer 85 includes a combination of one or more of phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, furan resin, polyurea, and phenolic modified epoxy resin.
  • a second viscosity regulator is dispersed in the second resin 850, and the second viscosity regulator is used to reduce the viscosity of the high-viscosity first resin 841, so as to facilitate the infiltration, penetration and production and processing of the first resin 841 and the fiber matrix 810 into a uniform product.
  • the amount of the second viscosity regulator is 1-10% of the volume of the second resin 850, for example, 1%, 5%, 7% or 10%, etc.
  • the second viscosity modifier includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and butanone.
  • the second resin 850 of the reinforcing layer 85 is dispersed with a second curing agent, which can effectively shorten the curing time of the first resin 841, and is conducive to the large-scale and mass production of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • a second curing agent which can effectively shorten the curing time of the first resin 841, and is conducive to the large-scale and mass production of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • urotropine is used as the second curing agent, and the amount of urotropine is 2.5-3% of the mass of the phenolic resin.
  • a phosphoric acid curing agent is used as the second curing agent, and the amount of the phosphoric acid curing agent is 6-7% of the mass of the furfural resin.
  • no curing agent is used.
  • the second flame retardant is dispersed in the second resin 850 of the reinforcing layer 85, and the amount of the second flame retardant is 5-40% of the mass of the second resin 850, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40%.
  • the amount of the second flame retardant is 5-40% of the mass of the second resin 850, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40%.
  • the second flame retardant uses one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and DOPO.
  • the fiber-resin composite layer of the reinforcing layer 85 also includes a second silicon-containing filler, which accounts for 40-70% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810, for example, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% or 70%.
  • the second silicon-containing filler begins to melt at a high temperature of 1200°C, and the gasification of the second silicon-containing filler can absorb a large amount of heat.
  • the second silicon-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer formed by the second resin 850 to generate solid silicon carbide.
  • the solid silicon carbide can resist high-temperature erosion and high-temperature shear and stretching or compression, and can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant protective member 8 and prevent the heat-resistant protective member 8 from being broken.
  • the second silicon-containing filler of the reinforcing layer 85 includes a combination of one or more of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talcum powder.
  • the main components of the ceramic powder are silicon oxide and aluminum oxide.
  • Aluminum oxide improves the temperature resistance of the ceramic powder. Under the action of thermal shock and high temperature, silicon oxide reacts with the carbonized carbon layer of the resin 811 to form silicon carbide.
  • the second silicon-containing filler of the reinforcement layer 85 includes silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of silica aerogel powder to mica powder is 1:3-1:1.
  • the temperature of the fire-facing surface of the heat-resistant shield 8 rises rapidly to form a steep temperature gradient.
  • Silica aerogel is a porous material with mesopores and has an extremely low thermal conductivity. Silica aerogel can delay heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-facing surface of the heat-resistant shield 8.
  • the silica aerogel is prone to shrinkage of the pore structure under high temperatures of 800°C-1000°C, which weakens the effect of delaying heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-facing surface of the heat-resistant shield 8.
  • Mica has good heat resistance and thermal insulation, and mica can maintain thermal insulation properties at 800°C-1000°C.
  • the silicon in the second silicon-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer of the first resin 841 to form porous solid silicon carbide to resist thermal shock and reduce heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the back-fire surface. This process can absorb and take away a large amount of heat to further provide resistance to thermal shock.
  • the second silicon-containing filler of the reinforcing layer 85 comprises silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide
  • the amount of silicon dioxide is 50-80wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, such as 50wt%, 55wt%, 60wt%, 65wt%, 70wt%, 75wt% or 80wt%, etc.
  • the amount of aluminum oxide is 10-30wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, such as 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, 25wt% or 30wt%, etc.
  • silicon dioxide reacts with the carbonized carbon layer of the second resin 850 to form silicon carbide, and aluminum oxide can improve temperature resistance. Etc.
  • the second silicon-containing filler begins to melt at a high temperature of 1200°C.
  • the gasification of the second silicon-containing filler can absorb a large amount of heat.
  • the second silicon-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer formed by the second resin 850 to generate solid silicon carbide.
  • the solid silicon carbide can resist high-temperature erosion and high-temperature shear and stretching or compression, and can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant protective component 8 and prevent the heat-resistant protective component 8 from being broken.
  • the fiber-resin composite layer of the reinforcement layer 85 also includes a phase change material, which is dispersed in the second resin 850.
  • the amount of the phase change material is 5%-20% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810, and is used to absorb heat when subjected to thermal shock to provide resistance to thermal shock, and can reduce heat transfer from the fire-facing surface to the fire-repellent surface.
  • the phase change material is only added and used in the reinforcement layer 85.
  • the fiber-resin composite layer of the reinforcement layer 85 also includes a colorant, and the colorant includes one or more of carbon black, titanium white, iron black, oily color essence, and transition metal coloring ion oxide, which is used to adjust the appearance of the heat-resistant protective member 8 and ensure the consistency of the appearance of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the reinforcing layer 86 has better heat resistance, and works together with the reinforcing layer 85 to achieve structural symmetry between the upper and lower surfaces of the functional layer 84, provide enhanced high-temperature mechanical properties for the functional layer 84, and serve as a back-fire surface to maintain the structural integrity of the heat-resistant protective member 8 after thermal shock.
  • the thickness ratio of the reinforcing layer 85, the functional layer 84, and the reinforcing layer 86 is (1-2): (8-10): (1-2).
  • the reinforcing layer 86 includes a fiber matrix 810, and the structure of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 is similar to that of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85.
  • the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 is higher than that of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85.
  • the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 includes one or more of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, and boron carbon fiber.
  • the reinforcing layer 86 includes a second resin 850, and the fiber matrix 810 and the second resin 850 together form a composite layer.
  • the second resin 850 is dispersed in the pores of the fiber matrix 810 and/or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810.
  • the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 accounts for 50%-75% of the volume of the reinforcing layer 86, and the mass content of carbon in the second resin 850 is greater than 40%.
  • the reinforcing layer 86 containing the second resin 850 is composited with the functional layer 84, which can avoid the problem that the resin 811 in the functional layer 84 is not uniformly and sufficiently impregnated into the reinforcing layer 86 after the reinforcing layer 86 without resin 811 is composited with the functional layer 84.
  • the reinforcing layer 86 includes a single layer or two or more layers of fiber cloth, and the two or more layers of fiber cloth are bonded and cured by the second resin 850 after being laminated.
  • a second curing agent and/or a second flame retardant is dispersed in the second resin 850 of the reinforcement layer 86.
  • the second curing agent and the second flame retardant in the reinforcement layer 86 are similar to the second curing agent and the second flame retardant in the enhancement layer 85.
  • the composite layer further includes a second silicon-containing filler.
  • the second silicon-containing filler in the reinforcing layer 86 is similar to the second silicon-containing filler in the strengthening layer 85.
  • the composite layer of the reinforcement layer 86 also includes a second chopped fiber, which is arranged in the functional layer 84 to increase the strength uniformity of the reinforcement layer 86.
  • the amount of the second chopped fiber is 0-15wt% of the second silicon-containing filler, such as 2wt%, 5wt%, 7wt%, 10wt%, 12wt% or 15wt%.
  • the second chopped fiber includes one or more of carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, boron carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; the length of the second chopped fiber is 0.05-30mm, and the diameter is 1-15 ⁇ m.
  • the composite layer of the reinforcement layer 86 also includes a second high temperature fusion agent and/or a second lubricant and/or a second ceramic precursor and/or a second reflective filler 842 and/or a phase change material and/or a colorant. That is, the composite layer of the reinforcement layer 85 is substantially the same as the composite layer structure of the reinforcement layer 86, except that the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcement layer 86 is higher than that of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcement layer 85.
  • the second high temperature fusion agent, the second lubricant, the second ceramic precursor, the second reflective filler 842 phase change material and the colorant in the reinforcement layer 86 are similar to the second high temperature fusion agent, the second lubricant, the second ceramic precursor, the second reflective filler 842 phase change material and the colorant in the reinforcement layer 85.
  • the second high temperature fusion agent, the second lubricant, the second ceramic precursor, the second reflective filler 842 phase change material and the colorant in the reinforcement layer 85 are similar to the second high temperature fusion agent, the second lubricant, the second ceramic precursor, the second reflective filler 842 phase change material and the colorant in the reinforcement layer 85.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 also includes a getter, which is used to absorb the combustible gas ejected from the pressure relief valve of the battery cell to delay the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the getter is filled in at least one layer of the reinforcement layer 85, the functional layer 84 and the reinforcement layer 86.
  • the getter is arranged between two adjacent layers of the reinforcement layer 85, the functional layer 84 and the reinforcement layer 86 to form an getter layer 82; or the getter is arranged on the side of the reinforcement layer 85 away from the functional layer 84 to form an getter layer 82, as shown in Figure 27.
  • the getter includes one or more of carbon molecular sieves, zeolite sieves, graphene, talcum powder, and alumina.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 further includes a heat-insulating layer 83, which is disposed on the side of the reinforcement layer 86 away from the functional layer 84, and is used to block the transfer of the temperature of the fire-facing surface to the temperature of the back-facing surface of the heat-resistant protective member 8.
  • the heat-insulating layer 83 includes an aerogel coating or an aerogel felt.
  • the reinforcing layer 85 covers the entire functional layer 84; the reinforcement layer 86 includes a plurality of sub-reinforcement layers 86 that are spaced apart. Since the melting point of the limiting fibers of the reinforcement layer 86 is higher than the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcement layer 85, the cost of the reinforcement layer 86 is also higher. In order to reduce the cost of the heat-resistant protective member 8 as a whole, the reinforcement layer 86 is configured as a plurality of sub-reinforcement layers 86 that are spaced apart. When in use, each sub-reinforcement layer 86 is configured to correspond to the pressure relief mechanism. Since the reinforcement layer 86 is only provided at the position corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism, the cost of the heat-resistant protective member 8 can be reduced as a whole.
  • the heat-resistant protective member 8 provided in the present application is introduced below in combination with specific embodiments and comparative examples.
  • the curing conditions are: first perform molding, wherein the molding temperature is 140°C, the molding time is 30 minutes, and then perform baking in an oven, wherein the baking temperature is 150°C, and the baking time is 2 hours.
  • Another method is to semi-cure the heat-resistant protective component preform first and then further cure it. Specifically, after the 7 layers of fiber cloth are impregnated with resin, they are allowed to stand at 25°C until the surface is dry (semi-cured), or are molded at 70°C/oven dried for 20 minutes until the surface is dry (semi-cured), and then the semi-cured heat-resistant protective component preforms are stacked and cured.
  • the curing conditions are: first perform molding, wherein the molding temperature is 150°C, the molding time is 20 minutes, and then perform baking in an oven, wherein the baking temperature is 180°C, and the baking time is 1 hour.
  • the high-silica fiber cloth and quartz fiber cloth used in this embodiment were purchased from Shaanxi Huate New Materials Co., Ltd., and the carbon fiber cloth was purchased from Shibang (Shanghai) Industrial Co., Ltd.
  • the phenolic resin used in this embodiment was purchased from Jinan Shengquan Group Co., Ltd.
  • the benzoxazine resin was purchased from Chengdu Keyi Polymer Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the furfural resin was purchased from Shandong Yongchuang Materials Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the epoxy resin was purchased from Guodu Chemical (Kunshan) Co., Ltd.
  • the preparation method of comparative example 1 of the present application is basically the same as that of embodiment 1.
  • the present application prepares two comparative samples, namely comparative sample 1-A and comparative sample 1-B.
  • the bending strength test method of heat-resistant protective parts adopts the national standard "GB/T 1449-2005 Test method for bending performance of fiber reinforced plastics".
  • the specimen is made into a thickness of 1mm ⁇ h ⁇ 3mm and a width of 15 ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the test equipment uses a universal mechanical testing machine.
  • the specific requirements of the test equipment adopt the test equipment in Article 5 of the national standard "GB/T 1446-2005 General principles for performance test methods of fiber reinforced plastics".
  • the volume proportion of the fiber matrix is less than 50%, the heat shock resistance is poor, and the 1500°C hot air flow impact for 30s will cause fire; the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective piece using uniaxial fabric is better than the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective piece using other weaving methods.
  • the heat-resistant protective piece without fiber matrix only includes resin, and the thermal decomposition temperature of resin is generally several hundred degrees, that is, it will thermally decompose after several hundred degrees and cannot resist thermal shock; the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective piece made of carbon fiber cloth is significantly better than that of high-silica fiber, but its production cost is relatively high.
  • the ceramic precursor slurry uses polysilazane, the resin and polysilazane are mixed, and the fiber cloth is impregnated with the resin and polysilazane mixture.
  • the curing conditions are first molding at 60°C for 30 minutes, then heating to 140°C for 30 minutes, and then baking in an oven at 156°C for 1.5 hours until completely cured.
  • the polysilazane resin and polyborosilazane resin used in this embodiment were purchased from Anhui Aiyota Silicone Oil Co., Ltd., and the resin and fiber cloth were purchased from the same manufacturer as in Example 1.
  • the preparation method of comparative example 2 of the present application is basically the same as that of example 2.
  • the present application prepares five comparative samples, namely comparative samples 2-A to comparative samples 2-E.
  • the test results are shown in Table 2, wherein the ceramic precursor slurry ratio is the ratio of the volume of the ceramic precursor slurry to the sum of the volumes of the ceramic precursor slurry and the resin.
  • the heat-resistant shielding parts with ceramic precursors have enhanced heat shock resistance, and can withstand 1500°C hot air flow shock for 50s without fire, and can withstand longer heat shock than heat-resistant shielding parts without ceramic precursors;
  • the heat shock resistance of heat-resistant shielding parts is related to the content of ceramic precursor slurry.
  • the ratio of the mass of ceramic precursor slurry to the mass of ceramic precursor slurry and resin is less than 20%, fire occurs when the heat-resistant shielding parts are impacted by 1500°C hot air flow for 50s.
  • the ratio of the mass of ceramic precursor slurry to the mass of ceramic precursor slurry and resin is greater than 50%, the bending strength of the heat-resistant shielding parts decreases.
  • Example 1 the method of Example 1 is first used to prepare a fiber resin composite semi-cured layer; then the silicon-containing filler is evenly sprayed on the surface of the fiber resin composite semi-cured layer, and then hot pressing curing is performed.
  • the hot pressing temperature is 140°C and the hot pressing time is 30 minutes.
  • part of the silicon-containing filler can enter the resin and the fiber cloth, and then it is baked at 150°C for 2 hours.
  • the silica aerogel used in this embodiment is produced by our company using the sol-gel method
  • the mica powder is purchased from Anhui Ge Rui New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the ceramic micropowder, quartz powder, and white carbon black are purchased from Shanghai Huijing Suba Nano New Materials Co., Ltd.
  • the resin and fiber cloth are purchased from the same manufacturer as in Example 1.
  • the preparation method of comparative example 3 of the present application is basically the same as that of example 3.
  • the present application prepares six comparative samples, namely comparative samples 3-A to comparative samples 3-F.
  • the method of Example 1 is first used to prepare a fiber resin composite semi-cured layer; then the silicon-containing filler and the high-temperature fusion agent are mixed (or the high-temperature fusion agent is sprayed evenly on the surface of the fiber resin composite semi-cured layer), and then hot pressing curing is performed.
  • the hot pressing temperature is 140°C and the hot pressing time is 30 minutes.
  • part of the silicon-containing filler and the high-temperature fusion agent (or the high-temperature fusion agent) can enter the resin and the fiber cloth, and then it is baked at 150°C for 2 hours.
  • the talcum powder, kaolin, and silica-alumina powder used in this embodiment were purchased from Shanghai Huijingya Nano New Materials Co., Ltd., and the silicon-containing filler, resin and fiber cloth were purchased from the same manufacturer as in Example 3.
  • Sample 4-1 to Sample 4-12 Twelve samples were prepared in this Example 4, namely, Sample 4-1 to Sample 4-12, wherein, Samples 4-1 to Sample 4-8 added silicon-containing filler and high-temperature fusion agent; and Samples 4-9 to Sample 4-12 only added high-temperature fusion agent.
  • the preparation method of comparative example 4 of the present application is basically the same as that of example 4.
  • the present application prepares six comparative samples, namely comparative samples 4-A to 4-F.
  • the heat-resistant protective parts with the addition of high-temperature fusion agent have enhanced heat shock resistance and can withstand 1500°C hot air flow impact for 50 seconds without fire, and can withstand longer thermal shock than heat-resistant protective parts without high-temperature fusion agent. Both too high and too low content of high-temperature fusion agent will affect the heat shock resistance of the heat-resistant protective parts.
  • Example 1 the method of Example 1 is first used to prepare a fiber resin composite layer; then the silicon-containing filler and the lubricant are mixed and evenly sprayed on the surface of the fiber resin composite layer, and then hot pressing curing is performed.
  • the hot pressing temperature is 140°C and the hot pressing time is 30 minutes.
  • part of the silicon-containing filler can enter the resin and the fiber cloth, and then it is baked at 150°C for 2 hours.
  • the talcum powder used in this embodiment was purchased from Shanghai Huijingya Nano New Materials Co., Ltd.
  • paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, and polyamide wax were purchased from Shanghai Yiba Chemical Raw Materials Co., Ltd.
  • the silicon-containing filler, resin, and fiber cloth were purchased from the same manufacturer as in Example 3.
  • the preparation method of comparative example 5 of the present application is basically the same as that of embodiment 5.
  • the present application prepares three comparative samples, namely comparative samples 5-A to comparative samples 5-C.
  • test results are shown in Table 5, wherein the content of lubricant to silicon-containing filler refers to the mass ratio of lubricant to silicon-containing filler.
  • the resin and the silicon-containing filler are mixed according to a certain proportion.
  • the silicon-containing filler can be added in batches to ensure uniform mixing. After uniform mixing, the mixture is cured.
  • the curing conditions are the same as those in Embodiment 1.
  • the preparation method of comparative example 6 of the present application is basically the same as that of example 6.
  • the present application prepares two comparative samples, namely comparative sample 6-A and comparative sample 6-B.
  • the silicon-containing filler is mixed with a high-temperature fusion agent, and the mixture of the silicon-containing filler and the high-temperature fusion agent is added to the resin and mixed evenly.
  • the silicon-containing filler and the high-temperature fusion agent can be added in batches to ensure uniform addition and mixing. After uniform mixing, curing is performed, and the curing conditions are the same as in Example 1.
  • test results are shown in Table 7, wherein the content of high temperature fusion agent to silicon-containing filler refers to the mass ratio of high temperature fusion agent to silicon-containing filler; the ratio of resin to silicon-containing filler is the mass ratio.
  • the silicon-containing filler and the lubricant are mixed evenly, the silicon-containing filler and the lubricant are added to the resin, mixed evenly and then cured.
  • the curing conditions are the same as
  • Example 1 Since the heat-resistant fiber cloth is not included, the amount of lubricant used is 5-40wt% of the amount of silicon-containing filler, paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, etc., which account for 3-10wt% of the amount of silicon-containing filler. Paraffin wax and polyethylene wax have low melting points, and a large amount will affect the impact resistance.
  • the preparation method of comparative example 8 of the present application is basically the same as that of example 8.
  • the present application prepares three comparative samples, namely comparative sample 8-A, comparative sample 8-B and comparative sample 8-C.
  • test results are shown in Table 8, wherein the content of lubricant to silicon-containing filler refers to the mass ratio of lubricant to silicon-containing filler; the ratio of resin to silicon-containing filler is the mass ratio.
  • the silicon-containing filler and the lubricant are added to the resin, and after uniform mixing, curing is performed, and the curing conditions are the same as those in Example 2. Since there is no heat-resistant fiber cloth, the amount of lubricant used is 5-40wt% of the amount of the silicon-containing filler, and paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, etc. are 3-10wt% of the amount of the silicon-containing filler. Paraffin wax and polyethylene wax have low melting points, and a large amount of them will affect the impact resistance.
  • the preparation method of comparative example 9 of the present application is basically the same as that of example 9, and the present application prepares comparative sample 9-A.
  • the test results are shown in Table 9, wherein the content of ceramic precursor slurry is the ratio of the mass of ceramic precursor slurry to the mass of ceramic precursor slurry and resin; the ratio of resin to silicon-containing filler is the mass ratio.
  • the heat-resistant shield with ceramic precursor added has enhanced thermal shock resistance and can withstand 1500°C hot air flow shock for 50 seconds without damage, and can withstand thermal shock for a longer time than the heat-resistant shield without ceramic precursor.
  • the resin, silicon-containing filler and chopped fibers are mixed in proportion.
  • the silicon-containing filler and the chopped fibers can be premixed and then added, or they can be added separately in batches. The order of addition is not limited. After mixing evenly, curing is performed. The curing conditions are the same as in Example 1.
  • the chopped carbon fiber used in this embodiment was purchased from Jiangxi Shuobang New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the chopped silicon carbide fiber was purchased from Hunan Ze Rui New Materials Co., Ltd.
  • the purchase of other materials was the same as in Example 6.
  • sample 10-1 to sample 10-8 eight samples were prepared, namely sample 10-1 to sample 10-8.
  • the preparation method of comparative example 10 of the present application is basically the same as that of embodiment 10.
  • the present application prepares three comparative samples, namely comparative sample 10-A and comparative sample 10-C.
  • the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective piece increases after the chopped fibers are properly added.
  • the content of the chopped fibers is too high, for example, the mass ratio of the chopped fibers to the silicon-containing filler is greater than 15%, the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective piece decreases. This may be because the chopped fibers are not easy to disperse and are easy to agglomerate, and the overlap points of the chopped fibers may become weak points during the thermal shock process.
  • the functional layer is prepared according to the method of embodiment 10
  • the reinforcing layer is prepared according to the method of embodiment 1 or pure fiber cloth is used as the reinforcing layer, and then the functional layer and the reinforcing layer are laminated and hot-pressed.
  • Example 1 the purchase source of raw materials is the same as that of Example 1 and Example 6.
  • the functional layer is prepared according to the method of Example 10
  • the reinforcing layer/reinforcement layer is prepared according to the method of Example 1, or pure fiber cloth is used as the reinforcing layer/reinforcement layer, and then the functional layer is sandwiched between the reinforcing layer and the reinforcing layer and laminated and hot-pressed.
  • Example 1 the purchase source of raw materials is the same as that of Example 1 and Example 6.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种耐热防护件和电池。其中，所述耐热防护件包括依次设置的增强层、功能层、补强层；所述功能层包括第一树脂和分散在所述第一树脂内的填料；所述增强层和所述补强层均包括纤维基体。通过上述方式，能够抵抗单体电池发生燃爆时的热冲击，热冲击下仍能保持结构完整性不被冲破，从而为电池包提供有效的隔热和保护。

Description

耐热防护件和电池 【技术领域】
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种耐热防护件和电池。
【背景技术】
随着电池技术在日常生活中的应用日趋广泛，电池的安全性能也越来越受到重视。电池安全问题的本质上与热失控密切相关，当电池热失控时可能会危及整车安全以及车内人员人身安全。
【发明内容】
本申请的目的是提供一种耐热防护件和电池，该耐热防护件能够保护电池箱体免受电池热失控时产生气流冲击和高温熔化，从而增强了电池的安全性能。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种耐热防护件，其中，包括依次设置的增强层、功能层、补强层；所述功能层包括第一树脂和分散在所述第一树脂内的填料；所述增强层和所述补强层均包括纤维基体。
在本申请一种实施例中，
所述填料为第一短切纤维，所述第一短切纤维在所述功能层中的体积占比为50-80％；所述第一短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种；或
所述填料为第一热反射填料，所述第一热反射填料在所述功能层中的体积占比为45-75％；所述第一热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一树脂采用的树脂中的碳元素质量含量大于40％；所述填料包括第一含硅填料，所述第一树脂和所述第一含硅填料的重量比为1:3-1:1。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉、石英粉、云母粉、陶瓷微粉、白炭黑、硅灰石、蒙脱土、滑石粉中的一种或多种的组合。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉与云母粉，所述二氧化硅气凝胶粉和所述云母粉的质量比为1:3-1:1。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一含硅填料包含二氧化硅和三氧化二铝；所述二氧化硅的用量为所述第一含硅填料的50～80wt％，所述三氧化二铝的用量为所述第一含硅填料的10～30wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一填料还包括高温融合剂，所述第一高温融合剂的用量为所述第一含硅填料的10wt％-40wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一高温融合剂包括滑石粉、硅灰石、云母粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅铝粉中的一种或多种；所述第一高温融合剂的材料与所述第一含硅填料的材料不同。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述填料还包括第一润滑剂，所述第一润滑剂的用量为所述第一含硅填料的10-40wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述功能层还包括第一陶瓷先驱体，所述第一陶瓷先驱体的体积占所述第一陶瓷先驱体与所述第一树脂的体积之和的比小于50％，或所述第一陶瓷先驱体的质量占所述第一陶瓷先驱体与所述第一树脂的质量之和的比小于50％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一陶瓷先驱体包括聚硅氮烷树脂和聚硼硅氮烷树脂中的一种或多种。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述填料还包括第一短切纤维，所述第一短切纤维的用量为所述第一含硅填料的0-15wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种；所述第一短切纤维的长度0.05-30mm，直径1-15μm。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述填料还包括第一热反射填料，所述第一热反射填料的用量为所述第一含硅填料的0-5wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述增强层、所述功能层、所述补强层自迎火面向背火面依次设置；所述补强层的纤维基体的熔点比所述增强层的纤维基体的熔点高。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述增强层的纤维基体包括高硅氧纤维、石英纤维、玻纤、玄武岩纤维中一种或多种；所述补强层的纤维基体包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维中的一种或多种。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述纤维基体包括纤维布和/或纤维毡。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述纤维基体包括叠层设置的所述纤维布和/或所述纤维毡。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述纤维基体包括所述纤维布；所述纤维布为纤维斜纹织物、纤维缎纹织物、纤维单轴向织物和纤维多轴向织物中的一种或多种。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述增强层、所述功能层、所述补强层的厚度比为(1-2)：(8-10)：(1-2)。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述增强层和/或所述补强层为纤维基体。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述增强层和/或所述补强层包括复合层，所述复合层包括纤维基体以及第二树脂；所述第二树脂分散在所述纤维基体的孔隙内和/或所述纤维基体的表面，且所述纤维基体在所述复合层中的体积占比为50％-75％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一树脂中的碳元素质量含量大于40％；和/或，所述第二树脂中的碳元素质量含量大于40％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一树脂中分散有第一黏度调节剂，所述第一黏度调节剂的用量为所述第一树脂体积的1-10％；和/或，
所述第一树脂中分散有第一固化剂；和/或，
所述第一树脂中分散有第一阻燃剂，所述第一阻燃剂的用量为所述第一树脂质量的5-40％；和/或，
所述第二树脂中分散有第二黏度调节剂，所述第二黏度调节剂的用量为所述第二树脂体积的1-10％；和/或，
所述第二树脂中分散有第二固化剂；和/或，
所述第二树脂中分散有第二阻燃剂，所述第二阻燃剂的用量为所述第二树脂质量的5-40％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第一树脂包括酚醛树脂、糠酮树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲、以及酚醛改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合；和/或，所述第二树脂包括酚醛树脂、糠酮树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲、以及酚醛改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述复合层还包括第二含硅填料，所述第二含硅填料占所述纤维基体体积的40-70％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉、石英粉、云母粉、陶瓷微粉、白炭黑、硅灰石、蒙脱土、滑石粉中的一种或多种的组合。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉与云母粉组合，所述二氧化硅气凝胶粉和所述云母粉的质量比为1:3-1:1。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅和三氧化二铝；所述二氧化硅的用量为所述第二含硅填料的50～80wt％，所述三氧化二铝的用量为所述第二含硅填料的10～30wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述补强层的复合层还包括第二短切纤维，所述第二短切纤维的用量为所述第二含硅填料的0-15wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第二短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种；所述第二短切纤维的长度0.05-30mm，直径1-15μm。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述复合层还包括第二高温融合剂，所述第二高温融合剂的用量为所述第二含硅填料的10wt％-40wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第二高温融合剂包括滑石粉、硅灰石、云母粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅铝粉中的一种或多种；所述第二高温融合剂的材料与所述第二含硅填料的材料不同。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述复合层还包括第二润滑剂，所述第二润滑剂的用量为所述第二含硅填料的10-40wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述增强层和/或补强层还包括第二陶瓷先驱体，所述第二陶瓷先驱体的体积占所述第二陶瓷先驱体与所述第二树脂的体积之和的比小于50％，或所述第二陶瓷先驱体的质量占所述第二陶瓷先驱体与所述第二树脂的质量之和的比小于50％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第二陶瓷先驱体包括聚硅氮烷树脂、聚硼硅氮烷树脂和聚碳硅烷树脂中的一种或多种。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述复合层还包括第二反射填料，所述第二反射填料的用量为所述第二含硅填料的5-30wt％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述第二热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述复合层还包括相变材料，所述相变材料分散所述第二树脂中，所述相变材料的用量为所述纤维基体体积的5％-20％。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述复合层还包括着色剂，所述着色剂包括炭黑、钛白、铁黑、油性色精、以及过渡金属着色离子氧化物中的一种或多种。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述耐热防护件还包括吸气剂；所述吸气剂填充在所述增强层、所述功能层和所述补强层中的至少一层内；或所述吸气剂设置于所述增强层、所述功能层和所述补强层中的相邻两层之间形成吸气层；或所述吸气剂设置于所述增强层远离所述功能层的一侧形成吸气层。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述吸气剂包括碳分子筛、沸石筛、石墨烯、碳酸钙、滑石粉、氧化铝中的一种或几种。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述耐热防护件还包括隔热层，所述隔热层设置于所述补强层远离所述功能层的一侧。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述隔热层包括气凝胶涂层或气凝胶毡。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述增强层覆盖整个所述功能层；所述补强层包括多个间隔设置的子补强层。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请采用的另一个技术方案是：提供一种电池，其中，包括上述实施例任意一项所述的耐热防护件。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述电池包括：
电池单体，所述电池单体的第一壁上设置有泄压机构；
其中，所述耐热防护件与所述泄压机构相对设置。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述电池包括：
多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体包括相邻的第一电池单体和第二电池单体，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体沿第一方向排列；
其中，所述耐热防护件设置于所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体之间。
在本申请一种实施例中，所述电池单体上设置有泄压机构；所述增强层覆盖整个所述功能层；所述补强层包括多个间隔设置的子补强层；其中，所述子补强层对应所述泄压机构设置。
有益效果：
所述耐热防护件能够抵抗单体电池发生燃爆时的热冲击，热冲击下仍能保持结构完整性不被冲破，从而为电池包提供有效的隔热和保护。
【附图说明】
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4是本申请另一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例的电池箱体的半剖结构示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例的电池顶盖的示意图；
图7是本申请又一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图8是本申请又一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图9是本申请一实施例的电池底壁的分解结构示意图；
图10是本申请另一实施例的电池箱体的半剖结构示意图；
图11是本申请另一实施例的电池底壁的分解结构示意图；
图12是本申请另一实施例公开的一种电池的分解结构示意图；
图13是图12的一种电池的部分结构示意图；
图14是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体和隔热板的剖面图；
图15是本申请一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图16是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图17是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图18是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图19是本申请一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图20是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图21是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图22是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图23是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图24是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图25是本申请一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图26是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图27是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图；
图28是本申请另一实施例公开的耐热防护件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
车辆1，电池2，电池单体6，耐热防护件8，热阻层9；
箱体20，第一电池单体6a，第二电池单体6b，电极组件61，外壳62，电极端子63，连接构件64，泄压机构65，热管理部件66，隔热部件67，第一壁68，第二壁69，纤维树脂复合层81，纤维基体810，树脂811，吸气层82，隔热层83，功能层84，第一树脂841，填料842，增强层85，第二树脂850，补强层86；
第一箱体部/顶盖201，第二箱体部/底壁202，容纳空间203，壳体621，端盖622，正电极端子631，负电极端子632，薄弱区661。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B， 可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂金属电池、钠金属电池或镁金属电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。以下实施例为了方便说明，以锂金属电池为例进行说明。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
在新能源电池汽车中，作为能源的电池箱被安装在汽车内，电池箱中的电池放电驱动新能源汽车的电动机运转。随着人们对新能源汽车的要求逐渐提高，对电池的能量密度的要求也在不断的提高。对于阳极掺硅的高能量电池体系来说，当电池体系内的单个电池或多个电池热失控时，其能产生温度＞1500℃的气体。当气体最高速度大于声速时，现有技术中以气凝胶为主的隔热材料已经无法阻挡住如此高温高速气流的温度冲击和气流冲击，因此会使气凝胶为主的隔热材料发生结构上的热解体和机械解体，导致防护失效。高温高速气流冲穿电池包箱体，使熔点为1500℃的钢板制的电池箱体直接燃烧，并且持续燃烧约30s，直接破坏新能源汽车主体，危害到乘客的安全。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种技术方案。在电池包箱体内设置一种耐热防护件，该耐热防护件能够阻挡电池热失控时产生的高温、高速气固混合物，保护电池箱体免受气流冲击和高温熔化，从而提高电池的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的耐热防护件适用于电池和使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电池2的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括箱体20、电池单体6和耐热防护件8。电池单体6和耐热防护件8容纳于箱体20内。
箱体20用于容纳电池单体6。箱体20可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202，第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202相互盖合，第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202共同限定出用于容纳电池单体6的容纳空间203。第二箱体部202可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部201为板状结构，第一箱体部201盖合于第二箱体部202的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间203的箱体20；第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部201的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部202的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间203的箱体20。当然，第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202连接后的密封性，第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部201盖合于第二箱体部202的顶部，第一箱体部201亦可称之为顶盖，第二箱体部202亦可称之为底壁。
在电池2中，电池单体6为多个。多个电池单体6之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体6中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体6之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体6构成的整体容纳于箱体20内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体6先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块(图中未示出)，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。电池模块中的多个电池单体6之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块中的多个电池单体6的并联或串联或混联。
图3是本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体6的结构示意图。如图3所示，电池单体6包括一个或多个电极组件61、壳体621和端盖622。壳体621和端盖622形成外壳或电池盒62。壳体621的壁以及端盖622均称为电池单体6的壁，其中对于长方体型电池单体6，壳体621的壁包括底壁和四个侧壁。壳体621根据一个或多个电极组件61组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体621可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体621的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件61可以放置于壳体621内。例如，当壳体621为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体621的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁 体而使得壳体621内外相通。当壳体621可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体621的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体621内外相通。端盖622覆盖开口并且与壳体621连接，以形成放置电极组件61的封闭的腔体。壳体621内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体6还可以包括两个电极端子63，两个电极端子63可以设置在端盖622上。端盖622通常是平板形状，两个电极端子63固定在端盖622的平板面上，两个电极端子63分别为正电极端子631和负电极端子632。每个电极端子63各对应设置一个连接构件64，或者也可以称为集流构件64，其位于端盖622与电极组件61之间，用于将电极组件61和电极端子63实现电连接。
在该电池单体6中，根据实际使用需求，电池极组件61可设置为单个，或多个，如图3所示，电池单体6内设置有4个独立的电极池组件61。
电池单体6上还可设置泄压机构65。泄压机构65用于电池单体6的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
图4是本申请另一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图。如图4所示，该电池2包括电池单体6，电池单体6的第一壁上设置有泄压机构65；耐热防护件8，耐热防护件8与泄压机构65相对设置。
本申请实施例中，泄压机构65为当电池单体6的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，致动以泄放电池单体6内部压力的结构部件。例如，泄压机构65可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构65的电池单体6的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构65可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构65的电池单体6的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂，本申请对泄压机构的类型不作任何限定。
电池2包括电池单体6，电池单体6的第一壁上设置有用于保护电池单体6的泄压机构65。电池2还包括耐热防护件8，耐热防护件8与泄压机构65相对设置，即耐热防护件8正对着泄压机构65。
上述方案中，通过将泄压机构65和耐热防护件8相对设置，当电池单体6内部发生热失控时，高分子基体复合纤维的耐热防护件8可以阻挡泄压机构65所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，保护电池壳免受气流冲击和高温熔化，从而保证电池2的安全。
上述方案中，以高分子材料中的树脂为基体制备纤维增强树脂复合板作为耐热防护件8，相较于其他的高分子材料基体，纤维增强树脂复合板的耐高温和耐冲击性能都较好。
可选地，如图4所示，电池单体6容纳于箱体20内，第一壁为电池单体6的靠近箱体20的顶盖201且与顶盖201相对设置的壁。
当第一壁为电池单体6靠近箱体20的顶盖201且与顶盖201相对设置的壁时，泄压机构65靠近并朝向顶盖201。
上述方案中，耐热防护件8设置在泄压机构65和顶盖201之间。当电池单体6热失控，泄压机构65释放电池单体6内部的温度与压力时，高分子基体复合纤维的耐热防护件8可以阻挡泄压机构65所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，保护电池2的顶盖201免受气流冲击和高温熔化，进而保护电池2的安全。
图5是本申请一实施例的电池箱体的半剖结构示意图。如图5所示，可选地，耐热防护件8与顶盖201集成设置。
耐热防护件8与顶盖201集成设置，例如作为贴片贴在顶盖201的表面，即耐热防护件8与顶盖201可以一起作为电池2的顶盖201，耐热防护件8也可以如图5所示，单独作为电池2的顶盖201。
上述方案中，当耐热防护件8与顶盖201一起作为电池2的顶盖201时，电池2的顶盖201具有两层结构，耐热防护件8保护顶盖201，进而更好的保护电池2的安全。当耐热防护件8单独作为电池2的顶盖201时，耐热防护件8不仅可以维持电池2顶盖201免受高温和气流冲击，还可以使电池2的结构更加简单，降低电池2的生产成本。
图6是本申请一实施例的顶盖的示意图。如图6所示，当耐热防护件8与顶盖201集成设置时，顶盖201可以为不规则形状。本申请实施例中，顶盖201还可以为方形、圆形等，本申请对此不做任何限定，即在生产过程中，可以根据具体产品需要，制造任意形状的顶盖201和耐热防护件8。
可选地，如图4所示，耐热防护件8设置于顶盖201与第一壁之间。
耐热防护件8设置在顶盖201和第一壁之间，即泄压机构65朝向顶盖201，耐热防护件8设置在顶盖201与泄压机构65之间。
上述方案中，将耐热防护件8设置在顶盖201与泄压结构65之间，泄压机构65朝向顶盖201。这样耐热防护件8可以直接保护顶盖201，使得被泄压机构65正对着的顶盖201免受高温和气流的冲击，以保证电池2的安全。
请继续参照图4，可选地，耐热防护件8与顶盖201尺寸相同。
耐热防护件8设置在顶盖201与泄压结构65之间并使耐热防护件8与顶盖201的尺寸相同，可以让耐热防护件8更全面的保护顶盖201。
上述方案中，当耐热防护件8设置在顶盖201与泄压结构65之间并使耐热防护件8与顶盖201的尺寸相同，耐热防护件8不仅可以更全面的保护顶盖201，使得顶盖201免受泄压机构65所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，还可以提高对电池2内部的密封作用。另外，耐热防护件8与顶盖201的尺寸相同也有利于装配，降低了装配难度。
图7是本申请又一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图。如图7所示，可选地，耐热防护件8的尺寸小于顶盖201。
上述方案中，耐热防护件8设置在顶盖201和设有泄压机构65的第一壁之间。当耐热防护件8的尺寸小于顶盖201时，耐热防护件8既可以保护顶盖201以提高电池2的安全性能，另一方面还能降低生产成本。
图8是本申请又一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图。如图8所示，可选地，耐热防护件8为条状板，耐热防护件8在第一壁上的投影覆盖泄压机构65。
耐热防护件8的形状可以为图8中所示的条形，还可以为圆形或其他任何形状，只要使耐热防护件8在第一壁上的投影 覆盖泄压机构65，能够起到保护电池2箱体的功能即可，本申请对耐热防护件8的形状没有任何限定。
上述方案中，耐热防护件8设置在顶盖201和第一壁之间。当耐热防护件8为条状并且在第一壁上的投影覆盖泄压机构65时，耐热防护件8一方面可以维持对顶盖201良好的保护效果，另一方面可以最大程度上的降低成本，避免非保护区域材料的浪费。
可选地，耐热防护件8与顶盖201通过螺栓或胶粘连接。
耐热防护件8与顶盖201的连接方式有很多种，只要达到两者的固定即可，本申请对此不做任何限定。但在实际生产过程中，选择一种便捷、可操作性强的连接方式，有利于在实际运用中广泛推广。
上述方案中，利用螺栓或胶粘以实现耐热防护件8与顶盖201之间的连接，该连接方式实现简单，可操作性强，有利于在生产中广泛运用。
图9是本申请一实施例的电池底壁的结构示意图。如图9所示，可选地，电池单体6容纳于箱体20内，第一壁为电池单体6的靠近箱体20的底壁202且与底壁202相对设置的壁。
当第一壁为电池单体6靠近箱体20的底壁202且与底壁202相对设置的壁时，泄压机构65靠近并朝向底壁202。
上述方案中，耐热防护件8设置在泄压机构65和底壁202之间。当电池单体6热失控，泄压机构65释放电池单体6内部的温度与压力时，高分子基体复合纤维的耐热防护件8可以阻挡泄压机构65所释放出的高温与高速气固混合物，保护电池2的底壁202免受气流冲击和高温熔化，进而保护电池2的安全。
图10是本申请另一实施例的电池箱体的半剖结构示意图。如图10所示，可选地，耐热防护件8与底壁202集成设置。
耐热防护件8与底壁202集成设置，即耐热防护件8与底壁202可以一起作为电池2的底壁202，耐热防护件8也可以如图10所示，单独作为电池2的底壁202。
上述方案中，当耐热防护件8与底壁202一起作为电池2的底壁202时，电池2的底壁202具有两层结构，耐热防护件8保护底壁202，进而更好的保护电池2的安全。当耐热防护件8单独作为电池2的底壁202时，耐热防护件8不仅可以维持电池2的底壁202免受高温和气流冲击，还可以使电池2的结构更加简单，降低电池2的生产成本。
当电池2内部的泄压机构65只朝向顶盖201时，耐热防护件8与顶盖201集成设置以保护电池2的安全；当泄压机构65只朝向底壁202时，耐热防护件8与底壁202集成设置以保护电池2的安全。当电池2内部的泄压机构65既存在朝向顶盖201，也存在朝向底壁202时，如图10所示，可以在顶盖201和底壁202处均设置耐热防护件8。本申请对耐热防护件8在电池2中的设置不作具体限定，只要电池2中的电池单体6的泄压机构65正对着壁存在耐热防护件8即可，也就是耐热防护件8可以为顶盖201、底壁202和侧壁。另外，耐热防护件8也可以为电池2中的横梁，耐热防护件8的具体位置可根据电池2中电池单体6的排列位置而作修改，也可以根据实际运用需要设置在电池2中任意位置。
可选地，如图9所示，耐热防护件8设置于底壁202与第一壁之间。
耐热防护件8设置在底壁202和第一壁之间，即泄压机构65朝向底壁202，耐热防护件8设置在底壁202与泄压机构65之间。
上述方案中，将耐热防护件8设置在底壁202与泄压结构65之间，泄压机构65朝向顶盖201。这样耐热防护件8可以直接保护底壁202，使得被泄压机构65正对着的底壁202免受高温和气流的冲击，以保证电池2的安全。
可选地，如图9所示，耐热防护件8与第一壁之间设置有热管理部件66，热管理部件66用于容纳流体以给电池单体6调节温度。
热管理部件66是用于容纳流体以给电池单体6调节温度。这里的流体可以是液体或气体，调节温度是指给电池单体6加热或冷却。在电池单体6冷却或降温的情况下，该热管理部件66用于容纳冷却流体以给电池单体6降低温度，此时，热管理部件66也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却板等，其容纳的流体也可以称为冷却介质或冷却流体，更具体的，可以称为冷却液或冷却气体。另外，热管理部件66也可以用于加热以给电池单体6升温，本申请实施例对此并不限定。可选的，所述流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选的，流体可以为水、水和乙二醇的混合液或者空气等。
上述方案中，耐热防护件8设置在第一壁与电池2箱体之间或耐热防护件8直接作为电池2的箱体，以保护电池2的箱体免受高温和气流冲击，进而保护电池2的安全。在第一壁和耐热防护件8之间设置给电池单体6调节温度的热管理部件，可以根据电池单体6的需要，对电池单体6进行温度调节以使电池单体6正常工作。
可选地，热管理部件66设置有与泄压机构65相对设置的薄弱区661，薄弱区661被配置为在泄压机构65致动时能够被电池单体6的排放物破坏，以使排放物穿过薄弱区661。
薄弱区661可以采用各种便于排放物破坏的设置，本申请实施例对此不作任何限定。
热管理部件66可以有导热材料形成流体的流道。流体在流道中流动，并通过导热材料传导热量从而对电池单体6调节温度。在本申请实施例中，薄弱区661可以仅有导热材料而没有流体，已形成较薄的导热材料层，从而容易被排放物破坏。例如，薄弱区661靠近底壁202的一侧可以为导热材料层，以形成薄弱区661。
上述方案中，耐热防护件8设置在第一壁与电池2箱体之间或耐热防护件8直接作为电池2箱体，可以保护电池2的安全。在第一壁和耐热防护件8之间设置热管理部件66可以根据电池单体6的实际需求对电池单体6进行温度调节，以保证电池单体6的正常功能。在热管理部件66上设置薄弱区661，可以使得当气流冲击或高温破坏薄弱区661时，排放物可以穿过薄弱区661迅速被排走而远离电池单体6，降低了排放物对电池2的危险性，进而增强了电池2的安全性能。
图11是本申请另一实施例的电池底壁的分解结构示意图。如图11所示，在本申请一个实施例中，耐热防护件8与箱体20之间设置有隔热部件67。
上述方案中，在设置有泄压机构65的第一壁和箱体20之间增加耐热防护件8可以保护电池2箱体20免受高温与高速的气流冲击。在耐热防护件8和箱体20之间再设置隔热部件67，可以进一步降低箱体20温度，保护电池2的安全。
可选地，空气部件67为空气夹层。
增加隔热部件67是为了进一步降低箱体20的温度，采用空气夹层作为隔热部件67会大大减少将电池2内部的热量传递给箱体20，隔热效果非常明显。
上述方案中，将空气夹层作为隔热部件67设置在耐热防护件8和箱体20之间，可以进一步降低箱体20温度，增强电池2的安全性能。
图12示出了本申请一个实施例的电池2的结构示意图。如图4所示，电池2包括多个电池单体6，多个电池单体6包括相邻的第一电池单体6a和第二电池单体6b，第一电池单体6a和第二电池单体6b沿第一方向x排列，电池2还包括耐热防护件8，耐热防护件8设置于第一电池单体6a和第二电池单体6b之间。
在第一电池单体6a和第二电池单体6b之间设置有耐热防护件8，当电池2中的部分电池单体6发生热失控时，该耐热防护件8可以阻止发生热失控的电池单体6将热量传递给相邻的电池单体6，从而避免热失控的扩散，有效阻止电池2内热失控的扩散，从而增强电池2的安全性。
在本申请实施例中，如图13所示，耐热防护件8设置于第一电池单体6a的第一壁68和第二电池单体6b的第二壁69之间，第一壁68为第一电池单体6a中表面积最大的壁，第二壁69为第二电池单体6b中表面积最大的壁。
耐热防护件8设置于相邻的两个电池单体6的表面积最大的壁之间，这样，耐热防护件8阻止电池单体6热失控的扩散的范围更大，更利于阻止电池2内热失控的扩散。
应理解，耐热防护件8还可以设置于相邻的两个电池单体6的其他壁之间，若一个电池单体6的四周均有相邻的电池单体6，那么其四个侧壁均可以设置有与侧壁相对的耐热防护件8，也可根据电池2内电池单体6的排列情况和空间需求设置，本申请对此不做限定。
如图14所示，第一电池单体6a和第二电池单体6b之间设置有两个耐热防护件8，且两个耐热防护件8之间夹持设置热阻层9。将热阻层9设置于两个耐热防护件8之间，形成“夹心”结构，这样，耐热防护件8可以保护热阻层9不被电池单体20挤压变形，使热阻层9更好发挥隔热的作用，保证热阻层9有效阻止电池2内热失控的扩散。具体地，热阻层9可以采用气凝胶毡。可以理解，本申请的耐热防护件8可以设置于电池中任何需要热防护的部位，上述实施方式只是举例说明。
请参见图15，本申请一些实施例提供了一种耐热防护件8，耐热防护件8包括复合层，复合层包括纤维基体810以及树脂811，其中树脂811分散在纤维基体810的孔隙内和/或纤维基体810的表面。即，耐热防护件8包括纤维树脂(Fiber Resin，FR)复合层81。
本申请提供的耐热防护件8的形状和尺寸不限，本申请仅以板状耐热防护件为例进行说明。本申请的耐热防护件8可以设置于电池单体中与泄压机构相对设置，也可以设置于不同的电池单体之间，还可以将耐热防护件8直接制备成电池单体或电池包的上盖或底盖。
纤维基体810可以提供高温力学性能，抵抗高温颗粒和气流的冲击，连续的纤维基体810具备较好的力学强度和冲击韧性，在热冲击过程中，电芯内部的固体熔渣会随着热流喷出，被纤维基体810阻挡，利用自身形变吸收火焰热流的冲击力，熔渣不断在纤维基体810上附着，形成屏障，进一步抵抗热流冲击。纤维基体810在复合层中的体积占比为50％-75％，例如，50％、55％、60％、65％、70％或75％等。可以理解，纤维基体810的含量越高越能够保障耐热防护件8的强度和韧性。如果纤维基体810在复合层中的体积占比小于50％，耐热防护件8的强度和韧性较差，而如果纤维基体810在复合层中的体积占比大于75％，难以将树脂811分散在整个纤维基体810的孔隙内和/或纤维基体810的表面而形成结合力较强的复合结构。
纤维基体810的纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种，能够有效地抵抗热冲击。一些实施例中，纤维基体810包括纤维布和/或纤维毡，其中，纤维布为长纤维的编织物，可以为纤维斜纹织物、纤维缎纹织物、纤维单轴向织物和纤维多轴向织物中的一种或多种；纤维毡是由长纤维或短切纤维不定向地通过化学粘结剂或机械作用结合在一起制成的薄片状制品。长纤维为连续的原丝，短切纤维为连续的原丝的切短后的产品；长纤维和短切纤维为相对概念，具体尺寸可以根据纤维基体810的尺寸选择。
一些实施例中，纤维基体810中的纤维布和/或纤维毡可以为一层或多层，在一具体实施方式中，纤维基体810包括叠层设置的纤维布和/或纤维毡，例如，多个叠层设置的纤维布，多个叠层设置的纤维毡，或叠层设置的纤维布和纤维毡。两层以上的纤维布和/或纤维毡叠层后可以通过树脂811粘结固化。
树脂811分散在纤维基体810的孔隙内和/或覆盖纤维基体810的上下表面。纤维基体810和树脂811复合的方式不限，具体地，可以将纤维布和/或纤维毡在树脂811中浸渍后固化形成复合层，使得树脂811分散在纤维基体810的孔隙内和/或固化在纤维基体810的上下表面。可以理解，也可以通过将纤维布和/或纤维毡与片状树脂811层叠后热压的方式形成复合层。在受到热冲击时，树脂811可以炭化吸热形成炭层抵御热渗透。树脂811包括酚醛树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲、以及酚醛改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合。呋喃树脂包括糠酮树脂。其中，树脂811含碳量高，树脂811裂解温度高，分解炭化能够吸收更多的热量，抵御热冲击作用，本申请一些具体实施方式中，树脂811中的碳元素质量含量大于40％，优选树脂811中的碳元素质量含量大于50％。
在一些实施例中，纤维基体810和树脂811复合的方式不限具体包括：将多层纤维布浸渍于树脂811后层叠设置，固化条件为先进行模压，其中模压温度为130-150℃，模压时间为20-40min，然后再烘箱，其中烘烤温度为120-180℃，烘烤时间为1-4h。另一种方式为先对耐热防护件8预制件进行半固化再进一步固化，具体地，将多层纤维布浸渍树脂811后分别在25℃下(25℃)静置至表面干燥(半固化)，或50℃-80℃模压/烘箱干燥10-40min至表面干燥(半固化)，然后将半固化后的耐热防护件预制件层叠设置进行固化，固化条件为先进行模压，其中模压温度为130-160℃，模压时间为10-40min，然后再烘箱，其中烘烤温度为150-200℃，烘烤时间为1-4h。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，树脂811中分散有黏度调节剂，黏度调节剂包括甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮中的一种或多种的组合，用于降低树脂811的黏度，便于树脂811与纤维的浸润、渗透和生产加工成均匀的产品，降低树脂811的黏度利于添加填料842，例如含硅颗粒或短切纤维等功能性材料。黏度调节剂的用量为树脂811体积的1-10％，例如，1％、3％、5％、7％或10％等；当黏度调节剂的用量低于1％时，树脂811黏度大流动性差难以形成厚度均匀的产品；当黏度调节剂的用量高于10％时，树脂811黏度小流动性强会使组合物在加工成型过程中树脂811溶剂挥发造成产品内形成孔泡缺陷。此外，在一些实施例中，在需要提高树脂811黏度时，通常采用在树脂811与纤维基体810复合前对树脂811加热将树脂811中溶剂挥发的方式。
可选地，一些实施例中，树脂811中可以分散有固化剂，固化剂能够有效缩短树脂811的固化时间，利于耐热防护件8的规模化、批量化生产。例如，酚醛树脂中所使用的固化剂为乌洛托品作为固化剂，乌洛托品的用量为酚醛树脂质量的2.5-3％，糠酮树脂中所使用的固化剂为磷酸固化剂，磷酸固化剂的用量为糠酮树脂质量的6-7％。在另一些实施例中，苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲不使用固化剂。
可选地，一些实施例中，树脂811中还可以分散有阻燃剂，用于防止耐热防护件8燃烧，阻燃剂可以包括聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝、DOPO中一种或多种。阻燃剂的用量为树脂811质量的5-40％，例如，5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％或40％等。
一些实施例中，树脂811中分散有相变材料，相变材料的用量为纤维基体810体积的5％-20％，例如5％、10％、15％或20％等，相变材料能够吸热提供对热冲击的抵抗，且能够减少迎火面向背火面的热传递。具体地，相变材料可以采用水合盐组分，如十水硫酸钠(Na 2SO 4·10H 2O)、六水氯化钙(CaCl 2·6H 2O)、六水氯化镁(MgCl 2·6H 2O)。
一些实施例中，耐热防护件8还包括陶瓷先驱体。在热冲击作用下，陶瓷先驱体可以生成SiCN和/或SiCNO等陶瓷材料，从而能够增加耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度。陶瓷先驱体可以包括聚硅氮烷树脂、聚硼硅氮烷树脂和聚碳硅烷树脂中的一种或多种。一方面，陶瓷先驱体导致耐热防护件在常温下的弯曲强度降低，另一方面，陶瓷先驱体在高温下反应会生成陶瓷材料，不会降低耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度。在一个实施例中，陶瓷先驱体的体积占陶瓷先驱体与树脂811的体积之和的比小于50％，或陶瓷先驱体的质量占陶瓷先驱体与树脂811的质量之和的比小于50％，以确保耐热防护件在常温具有较好的弯曲强度的同时控制耐热防护件8的成本，从而在提高耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度的同时，保持耐热防护件8的市场竞争优势。
在耐热防护件8中增加陶瓷先驱体的方式不限，可以将陶瓷先驱体与树脂811一起分散在纤维基体810之间的孔隙内和/或覆盖纤维基体810上下表面，可以直接将陶瓷先驱体设置于纤维树脂复合层81表面，或将陶瓷先驱体与纤维基体810复合后再与上述纤维树脂复合层81层叠设置。
在一些实施例中，纤维基体810可以包括第一纤维基体和第二纤维基体，其中，树脂811可以分散在第一纤维基体的孔隙内和/或覆盖第一纤维基体的相对两个表面，形成第一复合层；陶瓷先驱体分散在第二纤维基体的孔隙内和/或覆盖第二纤维基体的相对两个表面，形成第二复合层，第一复合层和第二复合层层叠设置形成层叠结构。在一具体实施方式中，两个第一复合层夹持至少一个第二复合层形成层叠结构。在另一具体实施方式中，两个第二复合层夹持至少一个第一复合层形成层叠结构。在另一具体实施方式中，多个第一复合层与多个第二复合层交替层叠设置。
在一些实施例中，树脂811和陶瓷先驱体浆料的混合体通过浸渍固化的方式分散在纤维基体810的孔隙内和/或覆盖纤维基体810的相对两个表面；例如陶瓷先驱体浆料使用聚硅氮烷，将树脂811与聚硅氮烷混合，采用纤维布浸渍树脂811与聚硅氮烷混合液，固化条件为先模压，50-80℃、20-40min，再升温至130-150℃、20-40min，之后再烘箱150-180℃、1-2h至完全固化。在另一些实施例中，陶瓷先驱体以浆料的形式涂覆在复合层的一个表面，或涂覆在复合层的相对两个表面。
一些实施例中，请参见图16，耐热防护件8还包括填料842，填料842可以包括含硅填料、含硅填料、高温融合剂、润滑剂和热反射填料中的一种或多种。
含硅填料可以涂覆在复合层的表面或嵌入树脂811中。例如，先将含硅填料喷涂在复合层的表面，再通过热压使得含硅填料嵌入树脂811中，例如先热压温度为120℃-160℃，热压时间为20min-40min，热压之后再130℃-180℃烘烤1h-3h；或者，将含硅填料分散在树脂811中，用分散有含硅填料的树脂浸润。含硅填料的用量为体积的40-70％。通常，在1200℃作用下，含硅填料能够在高温下开始发生熔融，含硅填料的气化能够吸收大量的热量。含硅填料开始熔融与树脂811形成的炭层反应生成固态碳化硅，固态碳化硅能够抵抗高温侵蚀和高温剪切和拉伸或压缩，能够有效提高耐热防护件8的力学性能，避免耐热防护件8被冲破。
在一些实施例中，含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉、石英粉、云母粉、陶瓷微粉、白炭黑、硅灰石、蒙脱土、滑石粉中的一种或多种的组合。石英粉包括二氧化硅微粉。在一具体实施方式中，含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉与云母粉，二氧化硅气凝胶粉和云母粉的质量比为1:3-1:1。二氧化硅气凝胶是具有介孔的多孔材料，具有极低的导热系数，当耐热防护件8受到热冲击时，耐热防护件8迎火面温度是快速上升形成陡峭的温度梯度，二氧化硅气凝胶能够延缓自耐热防护件8迎火面向背火面的热传递。二氧化硅气凝胶粉在800℃-1000℃高温作用下易发生孔结构的收缩，延缓耐热防护件8迎火面向背火面热传递效果减弱。云母粉与二氧化硅气凝胶组合使用，云母有很好的耐热性和绝热性，云母在800℃-1000℃变脆，但结构未发生破坏，仍能保持绝热性能，在1050℃-1100℃，云母结构破坏。待耐热防护件8迎火面温度升至1200℃，硅开始熔融与树脂炭层反应形成多孔的固体碳化硅以抵抗热冲击，减少迎火面向背火面热传递，且此过程能吸热带走大量的热量进一步对热冲击提供抵抗。
在另一些实施例中，含硅填料包含二氧化硅和三氧化二铝，其中三氧化二铝可以提高二氧化硅的耐温性，在热冲击高温作用下，二氧化硅可以与树脂碳化的炭层反应形成碳化硅。二氧化硅的用量为含硅填料的50～80wt％，三氧化二铝的用量为含硅填料的10～30wt％。
一些实施例中，填料842为高温融合剂，即耐热防护件8还包括高温融合剂，高温融合剂熔点低，有助于含硅填料熔化或气化与树脂811碳化形成的炭层形成固体碳化硅。高温融合剂的用量为纤维基体810体积的40-70％；高温融合剂包括滑石粉、硅灰石、云母粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅铝粉中的一种或多种。其中，滑石粉还可以作为润滑剂使用，有助于组合物成型。一些实施例中，高温融合剂涂覆在复合层的表面或分散在树脂811中。例如，先将高温融合剂喷涂在复合层的表面，再通过热压使得高温融合剂嵌入树脂811中；或者，将高温融合剂分散在树脂811中，用分散有高温融合剂的树脂811浸润纤维基体810。
在包括含硅填料的实施例中，填料842还包括高温融合剂。即，耐热防护件8包括含硅填料和高温融合剂，其中，高温融合剂的用量为含硅填料的10wt％-40wt％，例如10wt％、15wt％、20wt％、25wt％、30wt％、35wt％或40wt％等。高温融合剂包括滑石粉、硅灰石、云母粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅铝粉中的一种或多种，需要注意的是，高温融合剂的材料与含硅填料的材料不同。一些实施例中，高温融合剂涂覆在复合层的表面或分散在树脂811中。例如，先将含硅填料和高温融合剂混合喷涂或先后喷涂在复合层的表面，再通过热压使得含硅填料和高温融合剂嵌入树脂811中，例如先热压温度为120℃-160℃，热压时间为20min-40min，热压之后再130℃-180℃烘烤1h-3h；或者，将含硅填料和高温融合剂一起分散在树脂811中，用分散有含硅填料和高温融合剂的树脂811浸润纤维基体810。
一些实施例中，填料842还包括润滑剂，即耐热防护件8还包括润滑剂，用于使组合物更好地成型。润滑剂包括聚酰胺蜡、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡中的一种或几种的组合，能够增加纤维基体810及填料842在树脂811中的润滑性，用于更好的使组合物成型。例如，耐热防护件8包括含硅填料和润滑剂，润滑剂的用量为含硅填料的10-40wt％，例如10wt％、15wt％、20wt％、25wt％、30wt％、35wt％或40wt％等。
可选择地，在一些实施例中，填料842为热反射填料，即耐热防护件8还包括热反射填料，热反射填料的用量为耐热防护件8的0-5wt％。在另一些实施例中，例如填料842包括含硅填料和热反射填料，即耐热防护件8包括含硅填料和热反射填料，其中，热反射填料的用量为含硅填料的5-30wt％。热反射填料可以涂覆在复合层的表面或分散在树脂811中，具体可以参见添加含硅填料或高温融合剂的方式。热反射填料一般具有高熔点的特点，能够减少热量传递。热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种，具体可以根据需要进行选择。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，耐热防护件8还包括着色剂，着色剂用于调整耐热防护件8的外观，保证耐热防护件8外观的一致性。着色剂包括炭黑、钛白、铁黑、油性色精、以及过渡金属着色离子氧化物中的一种或多种。过渡金属可以为铁、铬、铜、镍中的一种或多种。
在一些具体实施方式中，耐热防护件8还包括吸气剂，吸气剂设置在复合层81的表面形成吸气层82，如图17所示，或嵌入树脂811中，用于吸收从电芯的泄压阀喷出的可燃气体，延缓电池的热失控。吸气剂的用量为耐热防护件8的0-10wt％。吸气剂可以为碳分子筛、沸石筛、石墨烯、滑石粉、氧化铝中的一种或几种。
进一步，吸气层82设置在耐热防护件8的迎火面，用于在吸收从电芯的泄压阀喷出的可燃气体，延缓电池的热失控。吸气层82包括壳体以及壳体内的吸气剂。例如，吸气层82的壳体被纤维树脂复合层封盖。
可选地，在一些实施例中，请参见图18，耐热防护件8还包括隔热层83，隔热层83与纤维树脂复合层81层叠设置。在一具体实施方式中，隔热层83设置在耐热防护件8件的背火面，用于阻隔耐热防护件8件迎火面温度向背火面温度的传递。隔热层83包括气凝胶涂层或气凝胶毡，其中气凝胶涂层更能节省空间，而气凝胶毡可以更牢固地设置于复合层上。
具体地，气凝胶涂层是由气凝胶浆料涂刷后干燥形成，气凝胶浆料包括10-50份气凝胶粉、20-50份胶黏剂、1-5份分散剂、50-80份溶剂和1-5份成膜助剂。气凝胶粉为气凝胶涂层提供隔热性能；胶黏剂提供浆料的粘性以及保证最终涂料干燥后的成膜；分散剂用于气凝胶粉分散防止气凝胶粉团聚；溶剂用于调节浆料的黏度，便于气凝胶粉分散；成膜助剂用于帮助胶黏剂干燥成膜，防止气凝胶涂层中气凝胶粉掉粉。
进一步，胶黏剂为硅溶胶、铝溶胶、钠水玻璃、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、丙烯酸乳液、乳胶粉、改性淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种；分散剂为焦磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、硬脂酰胺、山梨醇聚醚四油酸酯、纤维素和聚乙二醇的一种或多种，成膜助剂为苯甲醇、乙二醇丁醚、丙二醇苯醚、醇酯-12中的一种或多种。
请参见图19，本申请一些实施例提供了一种耐热防护件8，耐热防护件8包括功能层84。功能层84包括第一树脂841以及分散在第一树脂841内的填料842。第一树脂841和填料842混合均匀形成组合物后第一树脂841固化，形成功能层84。即，功能层84为树脂和填料842的复合层。
一些实施例中，第一树脂841中的碳元素质量含量大于40％，优选，第一树脂841中的碳元素质量含量大于50％。当受到热冲击时，第一树脂841能够炭化吸热形成炭层抵御热渗透。第一树脂841可以包括酚醛树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲、酚醛改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第一树脂841中分散有第一黏度调节剂，黏度调节剂可以降低高黏度树脂的黏度，便于树脂与纤维的浸润、渗透和生产加工成均匀的产品，降低第一树脂841的黏度利于添加填料842，例如含硅颗粒或短切纤维等功能性材料。第一黏度调节剂的用量为第一树脂841体积的1-10％，当第一黏度调节剂地用量小于第一树脂841体积的1％时，第一树脂841黏度大流动性差难以形成厚度均匀的产品，当第一黏度调节剂地用量大于第一树脂841体积的10％时，黏度小流动性强会使组合物在加工成型过程中第一树脂841溶剂挥发造成产品内形成孔泡缺陷。进一步，第一黏度调节剂包括甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮中的一种或多种的组合，用于降低第一树脂841的黏度。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第一树脂841中分散有第一固化剂。第一固化剂能够有效缩短第一树脂841的固化时间，利于耐热防护件8的规模化、批量化生产。其中，酚醛树脂用乌洛托品作为第一固化剂，乌洛托品的用量为酚醛树脂质量的2.5-3％，糠酮树脂使用磷酸固化剂作为第一固化剂，磷酸固化剂的用量为糠酮树脂质量的6-7％。需要说明的是苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲不使用固化剂。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第一树脂841中分散有第一阻燃剂，第一阻燃剂的用量为第一树脂841质量的5-40％。阻燃剂使用聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝、9，10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)中一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，填料842为短切纤维，短切纤维在功能层84中的体积占比为50-80％。短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。
在另一些实施例中，填料842为第一热反射填料，第一热反射填料在功能层84中的体积占比为45-75％；第一热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。
可选地，在另一些实施例中，填料842包括第一含硅填料，第一树脂841和第一含硅填料的重量比为1:3-1:1。通常，含硅填料中在高温1200℃开始发生熔融，含硅填料高温熔化后，能够增加耐热防护件8的整体性，提高抗火焰冲击强度。含硅填料的熔融、气化能够吸收大量的热量，且含硅填料与树脂形成的炭层反应生成固态碳化硅，固态碳化硅能够抵抗高温侵蚀和高温剪切和拉伸或压缩，能够有效提高耐热防护件8的力学性能，避免耐热防护件8被冲破。
在一具体实施方式中，填料842包括短切纤维和第一含硅填料。短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。短切纤维的用量为第一含硅填料的0-15wt％，短切纤维的长度0.05-30mm，直径1-15μm。
可选地，一些实施例中，第一含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉、石英粉、云母粉、陶瓷微粉、白炭黑、硅灰石、蒙脱土、滑石粉中的一种或多种的组合。在一具体实施方式中，陶瓷微粉主要成分为氧化硅和氧化铝，氧化铝提高陶瓷微粉的耐温性，热冲击高温作用下，二氧化硅与树脂碳化的炭层反应形碳化硅。
可选地，在另一些实施例中，第一含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉与云母粉，二氧化硅气凝胶粉和云母粉的质量比为1:3-1:1。在热冲击作用下，耐热防护件8迎火面温度是快速上升形成陡峭的温度梯度，二氧化硅气凝胶是具有介孔的多孔材料，具有极低的导热系数，二氧化硅气凝胶能够延缓自耐热防护件8迎火面向背火面的热传递。二氧化硅气凝胶在800℃-1000℃高温作用下易发生孔结构的收缩，延缓耐热防护件8迎火面向背火面热传递效果减弱。云母与二氧化硅气凝胶组合使用，云母有很好的耐热性和绝热性，云母在800℃-1000℃变脆，但结构未发生破坏，仍能保持绝热性能，在1050℃-1100℃，云母结构破坏。待耐热防护件8迎火面温度升至1200℃，第一含硅填料中的硅与树脂炭层反应形成多孔的固体碳化硅以抵抗热冲击，减少迎火面向背火面热传递，且此过程能吸热带走大量的热量进一步对热冲击提供抵抗。
可选地，在另一些实施例中，第一含硅填料包含二氧化硅和三氧化二铝，二氧化硅的用量为第一含硅填料的50～80wt％，三氧化二铝的用量为第一含硅填料的10～30wt％。
可选地，在一些实施例中，填料842包括第一含硅填料和第一高温融合剂，其中，第一高温融合剂的用量为第一含硅填料的10wt％-40wt％。第一高温融合剂的材料与第一含硅填料的材料不同。第一高温融合剂熔点低，有助于第一含硅填料熔化或气化与树脂碳化形成的炭层形成固体碳化硅。第一高温融合剂包括滑石粉、硅灰石、云母粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅铝粉中的一种或多种。
可选地，在一些实施例中，填料842包括第一含硅填料和第一润滑剂，第一润滑剂有助于组合物成型。第一润滑剂的用量为第一含硅填料的10-40wt％。第一润滑剂包括聚酰胺蜡、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡、滑石粉中的一种或几种的组合，聚酰胺蜡、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡能够增加填料842在树脂中的润滑性，助于组合物成型，但由于会降低组合物的软化点，进而降低耐热防护件8的耐热性能。因此，第一润滑剂的含量不宜过高。
可选地，在一些实施例中，填料842包括第一含硅填料和第一热反射填料，其中，第一热反射填料具有高熔点的特点，能够减少热量传递。第一热反射填料的用量为第一含硅填料的0-5wt％。第一热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。
可选地，在一些实施例中，功能层84还包括第一陶瓷先驱体。第一陶瓷先驱体包括聚硅氮烷树脂、聚硼硅氮烷树脂和聚碳硅烷树脂中的一种或多种。在热冲击作用下，聚硅氮烷树脂、聚硼硅氮烷树脂能够生成SiCN、SiCNO等陶瓷材料，能够增加耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度。第一陶瓷先驱体可以与第一树脂841和填料842一起混合后固化形成功能，也可以涂覆在第一树脂841和填料842的复合层表面。一方面，陶瓷先驱体导致耐热防护件在常温下的弯曲强度降低，另一方面，陶瓷先驱体在高温下反应会生成陶瓷材料，不会降低耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度。在一个实施例中，第一陶瓷先驱体的体积占第一陶瓷先驱体与第一树脂841的体积之和的比小于50％，或第一陶瓷先驱体的质量占第一陶瓷先驱体与第一树脂841的质量之和的比小于50％，以确保耐热防护件在常温具有较好的弯曲强度的同时控制耐热防护件8的成本，从而在提高耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度的同时，保持耐热防护件8的市场竞争优势。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，请参见图20和图21，耐热防护件8还包括与功能层84层叠设置的增强层85，功能层84的第一树脂841在热压作用渗入增强层85，从而与增强层85粘结固化复合，增强层85用于对功能层84常温力学增强。
一些实施例中，请参见图20，增强层85为纤维基体810，即采用纯纤维基体810作为增强层85。进一步，可以将纤维基体810与功能层84层叠设置，通过热压使功能层84中的第一树脂841部分渗透到纤维基体810内。由于通过热压的方式第一树脂841渗透的深度有限，纯纤维基体810的厚度不宜太大。在一实施例中，纯纤维基体810的厚度范围为＜0.2mm，使得热压过程中，功能层84中的第一树脂841可以浸润到整个纯纤维基体810。
纤维基体810包括纤维布和/或纤维毡；纤维基体810的纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。纤维布和/或纤维毡用于对功能层84常温力学增强。纤维布为纤维斜纹织物、纤维缎纹织物、纤维单轴向织物和纤维多轴向织物中的一种或多种，其中纤维斜纹织物为经纱和纬纱至少隔两根纱才交织一次，采用添加经纬交织点，改变织物组织结构；纤维缎纹织物的经纱或纬纱在织物中形成一些单独的，互不连接的经组织点或纬组织点，布面几乎全部由经纱或纬纱覆盖，表面似有斜线，但不像斜纹那样有明显的斜线纹路，经纬纱交织的次数更少，具有平滑光亮的外观，质地较柔软等特点；纤维单轴向织物是在织物的横向或纵向衬入纱线，具有 高度的纤维连续性和线性，是典型的各项异性材料，沿垂直纱线方向具有良好的卷曲性；纤维多轴向织物包括经纱、衬纱和编制纱，经纱和纬纱之间没有交织，能够平行的形成两个纱片层并相互垂直排列，再由编制纱捆绑在一起。由于功能层84中无纤维或仅有短纤维，大尺寸的功能层84制得的耐热防护件8的在常温下运输及热冲击环境下，可能发生开裂、破碎。增强层85对功能层84进行力学性能的增强，提高耐热防护件8的常温力学性能和耐热冲击性能。且在使用耐热防护件8时，将增强层85作为迎火面使用，在热冲击作用下，增强层85烧蚀吸热给功能层84提供对热冲击的抵抗。
可以理解，仅有功能层84，即第一树脂841和填料842复合层，形成的耐热防护件8的抗冲击性能较差，可以用于小型电池单体中。功能层84与增强层85层叠后形成的耐热防护件8，具有较高的耐热冲击性能，可以用于大型电池单体中。具体可以根据实际需要选择。
可选地，在另一些实施例中，请参见图21，增强层85包括纤维基体810以及第二树脂850，第二树脂850分散在纤维基体810的孔隙内和/或纤维基体810的表面，形成复合层，纤维基体810占增强层85的体积占比50％-75％。即，增强层85采用的是上述实施方式提供的纤维树脂复合层81。进一步地，纤维基体810中的纤维布和/或纤维毡的层数可以为一层、两层或多层，两层以上的纤维布和/或纤维毡叠层后通过第二树脂850粘结固化。第二树脂850包括酚醛树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲、以及酚醛改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合，第二树脂850中的碳元素质量含量大于40％。包含第二树脂850的增强层85与包含第一树脂841的功能层84复合，可以使增强层85与功能层84中的树脂811分布更均匀、充分，将浸渍有第二树脂850的增强层85作为迎火面使用，第二树脂850吸热碳化抵御热渗透，为功能层84提供防护作用。
进一步，功能层84与增强层85的厚度比为(8-10)：(1-4)，增强层85可以作为迎火面烧蚀保护功能层84，功能层84为耐热防护件8提供主要的抗冲击性能。进一步，耐热防护件8包括两层增强层85，即第一增强层和第二增强层，分别设置于功能层84的相对的两侧形成类似三明治结构，第一增强层、功能层84与第二增强层的厚度比为(1-2)：(8-10)：(1-2)，提高耐热防护件8相对两侧力学性能的对称性，耐热防护件8在热冲击作用下，迎火面的第一增强层发生碳化烧蚀吸热，背火面的第二增强层能够维持功能层84的结构完整性。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二树脂850中分散有第二黏度调节剂，第二黏度调节剂的用量为第二树脂850体积的1-10％。可选地，在一些实施例中，第二树脂850中分散有第二固化剂。可选地，在一些实施例中，第二树脂850中分散有第二阻燃剂，第二阻燃剂的用量为第二树脂850质量的5-40％。第二黏度调节剂、第二固化剂以及第二阻燃剂分别与上述实施例中的第一黏度调节剂、第一固化剂以及第一阻燃剂的材质和/或成分类似，具体可参考上述实施例，此处不再赘述。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二树脂850中还分散有相变材料，相变材料的用量为纤维基体810体积的5％-20％。相变材料能够吸热提供对热冲击的抵抗，能够减少迎火面向背火面的热传递。为了避免在热冲击作用下，相变材料热分解在功能层84与增强层85之间和功能层84内产生气泡，显著的加速功能层84的烧蚀，影响耐热防护件8的耐热冲击性能，相变材料仅在增强层85内添加使用。进一步，相变材料采用水合盐组分。
可选地，在一些实施例中，增强层85还包括第二陶瓷先驱体。第二陶瓷先驱体包括聚硅氮烷树脂811、聚硼硅氮烷树脂811和聚碳硅烷树脂811中的一种或多种。在热冲击作用下，能够生成SiCN、SiCNO等陶瓷材料，能够增加耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度。在一些实施例中，第二树脂850和第二陶瓷先驱体的混合体分散在纤维基体810的孔隙内和/或覆盖纤维基体810的相对两个表面。可选地，在另一些实施例中，第二陶瓷先驱体涂覆在纤维树脂复合层的一个表面，或涂覆在纤维树脂复合层的相对两个表面。一方面，陶瓷先驱体导致耐热防护件在常温下的弯曲强度降低，另一方面，陶瓷先驱体在高温下反应会生成陶瓷材料，不会降低耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度。在一个实施例中，第二陶瓷先驱体的体积占第二陶瓷先驱体与第二树脂850的体积之和的比小于50％，或第二陶瓷先驱体的质量占第二陶瓷先驱体与第二树脂850的质量之和的比小于50％，以确保耐热防护件在常温具有较好的弯曲强度的同时控制耐热防护件8的成本，从而在提高耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度的同时，保持耐热防护件8的市场竞争优势。
可选地，在一些实施例中，纤维基体810包括第一纤维基体和第二纤维基体；第二树脂850分散在第一纤维基体的孔隙内和/或覆盖第一纤维基体的相对两个表面，形成第一复合层；第二陶瓷先驱体分散在第二纤维基体的孔隙内和/或覆盖第二纤维基体的相对两个表面，形成第二复合层。在一具体实时方式中，第一复合层和第二复合层层叠设置形成层叠结构。在另一具体实施方式中，两个第一复合层夹持至少一个第二复合层形成层叠结构。可选地，在另一具体实施方式中，两个第二复合层夹持至少一个第一复合层形成层叠结构。在另一具体实施方式中，多个第一复合层与多个第二复合层交替层叠设置。
可选地，在一些实施例中，请参见图22，增强层85包括纤维基体810、第二树脂850和填料842，填料842包括第二含硅填料、第二高温融合剂、第二润滑剂和第二热反射填料中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，填料842为第二含硅填料，第二含硅填料占纤维基体810体积的40-70％。第二含硅填料可以涂覆在纤维树脂复合层81的表面或嵌入第二树脂850中。第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉、石英粉、云母粉、陶瓷微粉、白炭黑、硅灰石、蒙脱土、滑石粉中的一种或多种的组合。在一具体实施方式中，第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉与云母粉，二氧化硅气凝胶粉和云母粉的质量比为1:3-1:1。在另一实施方式中，第二含硅填料包含二氧化硅和三氧化二铝；二氧化硅的用量为第二含硅填料的50～80wt％，三氧化二铝的用量为第二含硅填料的10～30wt％。第二含硅填料涂覆在复合层的表面或嵌入第二树脂850中。
可选地，在一些实施例中，填料842包括第二含硅填料和第二高温融合剂，即增强层85包括第二含硅填料和第二高温融合剂，第二高温融合剂的用量为第二含硅填料的10wt％-40wt％。第二高温融合剂包括滑石粉、硅灰石、云母粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅铝粉中的一种或多种；第二高温融合剂的材料与第二含硅填料的材料不同。
可选地，在一些实施例中，增强层85包括第二含硅填料和第二润滑剂，第二润滑剂的用量为第二含硅填料的10-40wt％。第二润滑剂包括聚酰胺蜡、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡中的一种或几种的组合。
可选地，在一些实施例中，填料842包括第二含硅填料和第二热反射填料，即增强层85包括第二含硅填料和第二热反 射填料，第二热反射填料为第二含硅填料的5-30wt％。第二热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。
可选地，在一些实施例中，增强层85包括纤维基体810、第二树脂850和着色剂，着色剂包括炭黑、钛白、铁黑、油性色精、以及过渡金属着色离子氧化物中的一种或多种。
可选地，在一些实施例中，耐热防护件8还包括吸气剂；吸气剂填充在功能层84和/或增强层85内，或吸气剂设置于功能层84和增强层85之间形成吸气层82。吸气剂作为填料842填充在耐热防护件8的功能层84和/或增强层85内，用于在吸收从电芯的泄压阀喷出的可燃气体，延缓电池的热失控。吸气剂为碳分子筛、沸石筛、石墨烯、滑石粉、氧化铝中的一种或几种。在一些实施例中，请参见图23，吸气层82设置于增强层85远离功能层84的一侧，吸气层82包括壳体和壳体内的吸气剂。
可选地，在一些实施例中，请参见图24，耐热防护件8还包括隔热层83，隔热层83设置于功能层84远离增强层85的一侧，用于阻隔耐热防护件8迎火面温度向背火面温度的传递。隔热层83包括气凝胶涂层或气凝胶毡。其中气凝胶涂层更能节省空间，而气凝胶毡可以更牢固地设置于复合层上。具体地，气凝胶涂层是由气凝胶浆料涂刷后干燥形成，详见上述气凝胶涂层。
请参见图25和26，本申请一些实施例提供了一种耐热防护件8，耐热防护件8包括自迎火面向背火面依次设置的增强层85、功能层84、补强层86，其中功能层84包括第一树脂841和分散在第一树脂841内的填料842，增强层85和补强层86均包括纤维基体810。
功能层84设置于增强层85和补强层86之间。一些实施例中，请参见图25，增强层85和补强层86均只包括纤维基体810，即增强层85和补强层86均为纯纤维基体810。通过第一树脂841在热压作用下渗入增强层85和补强层86，功能层84与增强层85和补强层86粘结固化复合。在另一些实施例中，请参见图26，增强层85和/或补强层86包括纤维基体810和第二树脂850，即增强层85和/或补强层86采用上述实施方式提供的纤维树脂复合层；功能层84采用上述实施方式提供的树脂填料复合层。功能层84中的第一树脂841与增强层85和/或补强层86中的第二树脂850可以在热压作用下相互融合粘结固化复合。增强层85和补强层86的结构相同，但补强层86的纤维基体810的熔点可以比增强层85的纤维基体810的熔点高，也可以与增强层85的纤维基体810的熔点相同。补强层86的纤维基体810与增强层85的纤维基体810的材料可以相同，也可以不同。
可以理解，熔点高的纤维基体810通常比熔点低的纤维基体810成本高。为了控制成本，本申请一实施例中，仅在背火面采用熔点高的纤维基体810，而在迎火面采用熔点低的纤维基体810。本申请另一实施例中，也可以在在功能层84的迎火面和背火面均采用熔点高的纤维基体810，或均采用熔点低的纤维基体810。本申请中，熔点低的纤维基体810的纤维材料包括高硅氧纤维、石英纤维、玻纤、玄武岩纤维中一种或多种；熔点高的纤维基体810的纤维材料包括包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维中的一种或多种。
第一树脂841用于在受到热冲击时炭化吸热形成炭层抵御热渗透。第一树脂841中的碳元素质量含量大于40％，例如，42％、45％、50％、55％、60％、65％或70％等，可以包括酚醛树脂811、苯并噁嗪树脂811、呋喃树脂811、聚脲、酚醛改性环氧树脂811中的一种或多种的组合，具体地，可以根据需要进行选择。
进一步地，一些实施例中，第一树脂841中分散有第一黏度调节剂，第一黏度调节剂用于降低高黏度第一树脂841的黏度，便于第一树脂841与纤维基体810的浸润、渗透和生产加工成均匀的产品。本申请实施例中，第一黏度调节剂的用量为第一树脂841体积的1-10％，例如，1％、5％、7％或10％等，当第一黏度调节剂的用量小于第一树脂841体积的1％时，第一树脂841的黏度大，流动性差难以形成厚度均匀的产品；当第一黏度调节剂的用量大于第一树脂841体积的10％时，第一树脂841的黏度小，流动性强会使组合物在加工成型过程中第一树脂841溶剂挥发造成产品内形成孔泡缺陷。在一具体实施方式中，第一黏度调节剂包括甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮中的一种或多种的组合。
进一步地，一些实施例中，第一树脂841中分散有第一固化剂，第一固化剂能够有效缩短第一树脂841的固化时间，利于耐热防护件8的规模化、批量化生产。其中，当第一树脂841为酚醛树脂时，用乌洛托品作为第一固化剂，乌洛托品的用量为酚醛树脂质量的2.5-3％，当第一树脂841为糠酮树脂时，用磷酸固化剂作为第一固化剂，磷酸固化剂的用量为糠酮树脂质量的6-7％。此外，当第一树脂841为苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲时，不使用固化剂。
进一步地，一些实施例中，第一树脂841中分散有第一阻燃剂，第一阻燃剂的用量为第一树脂841质量的5-40％，例如，5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％或40％等。第一阻燃剂使用聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝、DOPO中一种或多种，其中，聚磷酸铵在高温条件下受热脱水生成聚磷酸或偏磷酸,可以作为强脱水剂与阻燃体系中的成炭物质发生脱水作用而形成单质碳层,通过气源所产生的不燃性气体的作用形成膨胀碳层起到隔绝空气，阻隔火源，达到阻燃的目的；氢氧化铝受热时强吸热反应,吸收大量的热量,可起到冷却聚合物的作用,同时发生分解，释放出结晶水，结晶说吸热产生的水蒸气可以稀释可燃气体，进一步抑制燃烧的蔓延；DOPO阻燃剂受热时会发生强烈的吸热反应，阻止燃烧蔓延，还可以提高聚合物的热容。
进一步地，一些实施例中，填料842为第一短切纤维，第一短且纤维分散在第一树脂841内，能够增加功能层84的强度均匀性。第一短切纤维在功能层84中的体积占比为50-80％，例如50％、55％、60％、65％、70％、75％或80％等。第一短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。
在另一些实施例中，填料842为第一热反射填料，第一热反射填料在功能层84中的体积占比为45-75％，例如45％、50％、55％、60％、65％、70％或75％等。第一热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。第一热反射填料一般具有较高的熔点，能够减少热量的传递。
在另一些实施例中，填料842包括第一含硅填料，第一树脂841和第一含硅填料的重量比为1:3-1:1，例如，1:3、1:2、 2:3或1:1等。通常，第一含硅填料中在高温1200℃开始发生熔融，第一含硅填料的气化能够吸收大量的热量，第一含硅填料与第一树脂841形成的炭层反应生成固态碳化硅，固态碳化硅能够抵抗高温侵蚀和高温剪切和拉伸或压缩，能够有效提高耐热防护件8的力学性能，避免耐热防护件8被冲破。
第一含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉、石英粉、云母粉、陶瓷微粉、白炭黑、硅灰石、蒙脱土、滑石粉中的一种或多种的组合。其中，陶瓷微粉主要成分为氧化硅和氧化铝，氧化铝提高陶瓷微粉的耐温性，热冲击高温作用下，二氧化硅与树脂碳化的炭层反应形碳化硅。
在一些具体实施方式中，第一含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉与云母粉，且二氧化硅气凝胶粉和云母粉的质量比为1:3-1:1，当受到热冲击时，耐热防护件8迎火面温度是快速上升形成陡峭的温度梯度，二氧化硅气凝胶是具有介孔的多孔材料，具有极低的导热系数，二氧化硅气凝胶能够延缓自耐热防护件8迎火面向背火面的热传递，此外，二氧化硅气凝胶在800℃-1000℃高温作用下易发生孔结构的收缩，延缓耐热防护件8迎火面向背火面热传递效果减弱；而云母有很好的耐热性和绝热性，且云母在800℃-1000℃时能保持绝热性能。待耐热防护件8迎火面温度升至1200℃，第一含硅填料中的硅与第一树脂841炭层反应形成多孔的固体碳化硅以抵抗热冲击，减少迎火面向背火面热传递，且此过程能吸热带走大量的热量进一步对热冲击提供抵抗。
在另一些具体实施方式中，第一含硅填料包含二氧化硅和三氧化二铝，二氧化硅的用量为第一含硅填料的50～80wt％，例如50wt％、55wt％、60wt％、65wt％、70wt％、75wt％或80wt％等，三氧化二铝的用量为第一含硅填料的10～30wt％，例如10wt％、15％wt％、20wt％、25wt％或30wt％等。当受到高温热冲击时，二氧化硅与第一树脂841碳化的炭层反应形碳化硅，三氧化二铝可以提高耐温性。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，填料842包括第一含硅填料和第一高温融合剂，第一高温融合剂的用量为第一含硅填料的10wt％-40wt％。第一高温融合剂包括滑石粉、硅灰石、云母粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅铝粉中的一种或多种，需要注意的是，第一高温融合剂的材料与第一含硅填料的材料不同，第一高温融合剂有助于第一含硅填料熔化或气化与第一树脂841碳化形成的炭层形成固体碳化硅。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，填料842包括第一含硅填料和第一润滑剂，用于增加纤维基体810及第一含硅填料在第一树脂841中的润滑性，助于组合物成型。第一润滑剂包括聚酰胺蜡、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡、滑石粉中的一种或几种的组合，第一润滑剂的用量为第一含硅填料的10-40wt％，例如10wt％、15wt％、20wt％、25wt％、30wt％、35wt％或40wt％等，当第一润滑剂的用量小于第一含硅填料的10wt％时，第一润滑剂的作用有限，当第一润滑剂的用量大于第一含硅填料40wt％时，会降低组合物的软化点，进而降低耐热防护件8的耐热性能。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，功能层84还包括第一陶瓷先驱体，第一陶瓷先驱体包括聚硅氮烷树脂811、聚硼硅氮烷树脂811和聚碳硅烷树脂811中的一种或多种，用于在受到热冲击是，能够生成SiCN、SiCNO等陶瓷材料，以增加耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度。第一陶瓷先驱体可以与第一树脂841和填料842一起混合后固化形成功能，也可以涂覆在第一树脂841和填料842的复合层表面。在一个实施例中，第一陶瓷先驱体的体积占第一陶瓷先驱体与第一树脂841的体积之和的比小于50％，或第一陶瓷先驱体的质量占第一陶瓷先驱体与第一树脂841的质量之和的比小于50％，以确保耐热防护件在常温具有较好的弯曲强度的同时控制耐热防护件8的成本，从而在提高耐热防护件8的耐温性和抗火焰冲击强度的同时，保持耐热防护件8的市场竞争优势。
可选地，在一些实施例中，填料842包括第一含硅填料和第一短切纤维，第一短切纤维设置在功能层84能够增加功能层84的强度均匀性。第一短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。第一短切纤维的用量为第一含硅填料的0-15wt％，第一短切纤维的长度0.05-30mm，直径1-15μm。
可选地，在一些实施例中，填料842包括第一含硅填料和第一热反射填料，第一热反射填料具有高熔点的特点，能够减少热量传递，包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种，第一热反射填料的用量为第一含硅填料的0-5wt％。
其中，增强层85作为迎火面使用，增强层85对功能层84进行力学性能的增强，提高耐热防护件8的常温力学性能和耐热冲击性能，在热冲击作用下，增强层85烧蚀吸热给功能层84提供对热冲击的抵抗。增强层85的纤维基体810包括高硅氧纤维、石英纤维、玻纤、玄武岩纤维中一种或多种。纤维基体810包括纤维布和/或纤维毡。纤维布为纤维斜纹织物、纤维缎纹织物、纤维单轴向织物和纤维多轴向织物中的一种或多种。纤维基体810包括叠层设置的纤维布和/或纤维毡。
可选地，一些实施例中，增强层85包括第二树脂850，纤维基体810和第二树脂850共同组成复合层，第二树脂850分散在纤维基体810的孔隙内和/或纤维基体810的表面，增强层85的纤维基体810占增强层85的体积占比50％-75％，第二树脂850中的碳元素质量含量大于40％。包含第二树脂850的增强层85与功能层84复合，可以避免无树脂811增强层85与功能层84复合后功能层84内的树脂811浸渍增强层85不均匀、不充分的问题。将浸渍有第二树脂850的增强层85作为迎火面使用，第二树脂850吸热碳化抵御热渗透，为功能层84提供防护作用。进一步，增强层85包括单层或两层以上的纤维布，两层以上的纤维布叠层后通过第二树脂850粘结固化。
增强层85的第二树脂850包括酚醛树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲、以及酚醛改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合。第二树脂850中分散有第二黏度调节剂，第二黏度调节剂用于降低高黏度第一树脂841的黏度，便于第一树脂841与纤维基体810的浸润、渗透和生产加工成均匀的产品。本申请实施例中，第二黏度调节剂的用量为第二树脂850体积的1-10％，例如，1％、5％、7％或10％等，当第二黏度调节剂的用量小于第二树脂850体积的1％时，第二树脂850的黏度大，流动性差难以形成厚度均匀的产品；当第二黏度调节剂的用量大于第二树脂850体积的10％时，第二树脂850的黏度小，流动性强会使组合物在加工成型过程中第二树脂850溶剂挥发造成产品内形成孔泡缺陷。在一具体实施方式中，第二黏度调节剂包括甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮中的一种或多种的组合。
增强层85的第二树脂850中分散有第二固化剂，第二固化剂能够有效缩短第一树脂841的固化时间，利于耐热防护件8的规模化、批量化生产。其中，当第二树脂850为酚醛树脂811时，用乌洛托品作为第二固化剂，乌洛托品的用量为酚醛树脂质量的2.5-3％，当第二树脂850为糠酮树脂时，用磷酸固化剂作为第二固化剂，磷酸固化剂的用量为糠酮树脂质量的6-7％。此外，当第二树脂850为苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲时，不使用固化剂。
增强层85的第二树脂850中分散有第二阻燃剂，第二阻燃剂的用量为第二树脂850质量的5-40％，例如，5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％或40％等。第二阻燃剂的用量为第二树脂850质量的5-40％，例如，5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％或40％等。第二阻燃剂使用聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝、DOPO中一种或多种。
增强层85的纤维树脂复合层还包括第二含硅填料，第二含硅填料占纤维基体810体积的40-70％，例如，40％、45％、50％、55％、60％、65％或70等。通常，第二含硅填料中在高温1200℃开始发生熔融，第二含硅填料的气化能够吸收大量的热量，第二含硅填料与第二树脂850形成的炭层反应生成固态碳化硅，固态碳化硅能够抵抗高温侵蚀和高温剪切和拉伸或压缩，能够有效提高耐热防护件8的力学性能，避免耐热防护件8被冲破。
增强层85的第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉、石英粉、云母粉、陶瓷微粉、白炭黑、硅灰石、蒙脱土、滑石粉中的一种或多种的组合。其中，陶瓷微粉主要成分为氧化硅和氧化铝，氧化铝提高陶瓷微粉的耐温性，热冲击高温作用下，二氧化硅与树脂811碳化的炭层反应形碳化硅。
在一些具体实施方式中，增强层85的第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉与云母粉，且二氧化硅气凝胶粉和云母粉的质量比为1:3-1:1，当受到热冲击时，耐热防护件8迎火面温度是快速上升形成陡峭的温度梯度，二氧化硅气凝胶是具有介孔的多孔材料，具有极低的导热系数，二氧化硅气凝胶能够延缓自耐热防护件8迎火面向背火面的热传递，此外，二氧化硅气凝胶在800℃-1000℃高温作用下易发生孔结构的收缩，延缓耐热防护件8迎火面向背火面热传递效果减弱；而云母有很好的耐热性和绝热性，且云母在800℃-1000℃时能保持绝热性能。待耐热防护件8迎火面温度升至1200℃，第二含硅填料中的硅与第一树脂841炭层反应形成多孔的固体碳化硅以抵抗热冲击，减少迎火面向背火面热传递，且此过程能吸热带走大量的热量进一步对热冲击提供抵抗。
在另一些具体实施方式中，增强层85的第二含硅填料包含二氧化硅和三氧化二铝，二氧化硅的用量为第一含硅填料的50～80wt％，例如50wt％、55wt％、60wt％、65wt％、70wt％、75wt％或80wt％等，三氧化二铝的用量为第一含硅填料的10～30wt％，例如10wt％、15％wt％、20wt％、25wt％或30wt％等。当受到高温热冲击时，二氧化硅与第二树脂850碳化的炭层反应形碳化硅，三氧化二铝可以提高耐温性。等。通常，第二含硅填料中在高温1200℃开始发生熔融，第二含硅填料的气化能够吸收大量的热量，第二含硅填料与第二树脂850形成的炭层反应生成固态碳化硅，固态碳化硅能够抵抗高温侵蚀和高温剪切和拉伸或压缩，能够有效提高耐热防护件8的力学性能，避免耐热防护件8被冲破。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，增强层85的纤维树脂复合层还包括相变材料，相变材料分散第二树脂850中，相变材料的用量为纤维基体810体积的5％-20％，用于在受到热冲击时吸热提供对热冲击的抵抗，能够减少迎火面向背火面的热传递。为了避免在热冲击作用下，相变材料热分解在功能层84与增强层85之间和功能层84内产生气泡，显著的加速功能层84的烧蚀，影响耐热防护件8的耐热冲击性能，相变材料仅在增强层85内添加使用。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，增强层85的纤维树脂复合层还包括着色剂，着色剂包括炭黑、钛白、铁黑、油性色精、以及过渡金属着色离子氧化物中的一种或多种，用于调整耐热防护件8的外观，保证耐热防护件8外观的一致性。。
在一些实施例中，补强层86耐热性能更佳，与增强层85共同作用实现功能层84上下面的结构对称性，对功能层84提供高温力学性能的增强，作为背火面维持耐热防护件8在热冲击作用下后的结构完整性。进一步地，本申请一些实施例中，增强层85、功能层84、补强层86的厚度比为(1-2)：(8-10)：(1-2)。补强层86包括纤维基体810，补强层86的纤维基体810结构与增强层85的纤维基体810类似，具体的可参见上述实施例，此处不再赘述。但是，补强层86的纤维基体810的熔点比增强层85的纤维基体810的熔点高。补强层86的纤维基体810包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，补强层86包括第二树脂850，纤维基体810和第二树脂850共同组成复合层，第二树脂850分散在纤维基体810的孔隙内和/或纤维基体810的表面，补强层86的纤维基体810占补强层86的体积占比50％-75％，第二树脂850中的碳元素质量含量大于40％。包含第二树脂850的补强层86与功能层84复合，可以避免无树脂811的补强层86与功能层84复合后功能层84内的树脂811浸渍补强层86不均匀、不充分的问题。进一步，补强层86层包括单层或两层以上的纤维布，两层以上的纤维布叠层后通过第二树脂850粘结固化。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，补强层86的第二树脂850中分散有第二固化剂和/或第二阻燃剂，补强层86中的第二固化剂和第二阻燃剂与增强层85中的第二固化剂和第二阻燃剂类似，具体地可参见上述实施例，此处不再赘述。
复合层还包括第二含硅填料，补强层86中的第二含硅填料与增强层85中的第二含硅填料类似，具体地可参见上述实施例，此处不再赘述。
补强层86的复合层还包括第二短切纤维，第二短切纤维设置在功能层84能够增加补强层86的强度均匀性。第二短切纤维的用量为第二含硅填料的0-15wt％，例如2wt％、5wt％、7wt％、10wt％、12wt％或15wt％等。第二短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种；第二短切纤维的长度0.05-30mm，直径1-15μm。
补强层86的复合层还包括第二高温融合剂和/或第二润滑剂和/或第二陶瓷先驱体和/或第二反射填料842和/或相变材料和/或着色剂。即，增强层85的复合层与补强层86的复合层结构基本相同，区别在于补强层86的纤维基体810的熔点比增强层85的纤维基体810的熔点高。补强层86中的第二高温融合剂、第二润滑剂、第二陶瓷先驱体、第二反射填料842相变材料和着色剂与增强层85中的第二高温融合剂、第二润滑剂、第二陶瓷先驱体、第二反射填料842相变材料和着色剂类似， 具体地可参见上述实施例，此处不再赘述。
可选地，一些实施例中，耐热防护件8还包括吸气剂，用于在吸收从电芯的泄压阀喷出的可燃气体，延缓电池的热失控。一些实施例中，吸气剂填充在增强层85、功能层84和补强层86中的至少一层内。在另一些实施例中，吸气剂设置于增强层85、功能层84和补强层86中的相邻两层之间形成吸气层82；或吸气剂设置于增强层85远离功能层84的一侧形成吸气层82，如图27所示。可选地，一些实施例中，吸气剂包括碳分子筛、沸石筛、石墨烯、滑石粉、氧化铝中的一种或几种。
可选地，一些实施例中，请参见图28，耐热防护件8还包括隔热层83，隔热层83设置于补强层86远离功能层84的一侧，用于阻隔耐热防护件8迎火面温度向背火面温度的传递。可选地，一些实施例中，隔热层83包括气凝胶涂层或气凝胶毡。
可选地，一些实施例中，增强层85覆盖整个功能层84；补强层86包括多个间隔设置的子补强层86。由于补强层86的限纤维的熔点比增强层85的纤维基体810的熔点高，因此补强层86的成本也更高。为了整体降低耐热防护件8的成本，将补强层86设置为多个间隔设置的子补强层86，使用时，每个子补强层86对应泄压机构设置。由于仅在对应泄压机构的位置设置补强层86，可以整体降低耐热防护件8的成本。
以下结合具体实施例和对比例对本申请提供的耐热防护件8进行介绍。
实施例1
本实施例中，将7层纤维布浸渍于树脂后层叠设置，固化条件为先进行模压，其中模压温度为140℃，模压时间为30min，然后再烘箱，其中烘烤温度为150℃，烘烤时间为2h；另一种方式为先对耐热防护件预制件进行半固化再进一步固化，具体地，将7层纤维布浸渍树脂后分别在25℃下静置至表面干燥(半固化)，或70℃模压/烘箱干燥20min至表面干燥(半固化)，然后将半固化后的耐热防护件预制件层叠设置进行固化，固化条件为先进行模压，其中模压温度为150℃，模压时间为20min，然后再烘箱，其中烘烤温度为180℃，烘烤时间为1h。
本实施例采用的高硅氧纤维布、石英纤维布购买自陕西华特新材料股份有限公司，碳纤维布购买自施邦(上海)实业有限公司。
本实施例采用的酚醛树脂购买自济南圣泉集团股份有限公司，苯并噁嗪树脂购买自成都科宜高分子科技有限公司，糠酮树脂购买自山东永创材料科技有限公司，环氧树脂购买自国都化工(昆山)有限公司。
本实施例1制备了十三个个样品，分别为样品1-1到样品1-13。
对比例1
本申请对比例1与实施例1的制备方法基本相同，本申请制备了两个对比样品，分别为对比样品1-A和对比样品1-B。
性能测试
(1)弯曲强度测试
耐热防护件的弯曲强度测试方法采用国标《GB/T 1449-2005纤维增强塑料弯曲性能试验方法》，将试样制成厚度为1mm＜h≤3mm，宽度为15±0.5mm，试验设备使用万能力学试验机，试验设备具体要求采用国标《GB/T 1446-2005纤维增强塑料性能试验方法总则》中第5条试验设备。
(2)1500℃热气流冲击测试
将耐热防护件的四周固定，将1500℃热气流施加到耐热防护件持续时间为30s，测试其是否透火，其中透火是指火焰烧蚀时耐热防护件背面出现明火的现象。由于耐热防护件包含长纤维布，测试中不会被冲破，但是会透火。
测试结果参见表1，其中，体积占比指纤维基体在复合层中的体积占比。
表1，本申请实施例1和对比例1制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000001
从上述表1可见，纤维基体的体积占比小于50％，耐热冲击性能变差，1500℃热气流冲击30s发生透火；采用单轴向织 物的耐热防护件弯曲强度优于其他编织方式的耐热防护件弯曲强度。另外，不含纤维基体的耐热防护件仅仅包括树脂，树脂的热分解温度一般为几百度，即几百度后就会发生热分解不能抵抗热冲击；采用碳纤维布制得的耐热防护件弯曲强度明显优于高硅氧纤维，但其生产成本相对较高。
实施例2
本实施例中，陶瓷先驱体浆料使用聚硅氮烷，将树脂与聚硅氮烷混合，采用纤维布浸渍树脂与聚硅氮烷混合液，固化条件为先模压，60℃、30min，再升温至140℃、30min，之后再烘箱156℃、1.5h至完全固化。
其中，本实施例采用的聚硅氮烷树脂、聚硼硅氮烷树脂购买自安徽爱约塔硅油有限公司，树脂与纤维布购买厂家同实施例1。
本实施例2制备了六个样品，分别为样品2-1到样品2-6。
对比例2
本申请对比例2与实施例2的制备方法基本相同，本申请制备了五个对比样品，分别为对比样品2-A到对比样品2-E。
测试结果参见表2，其中，陶瓷先驱体浆料占比为陶瓷先驱体浆料体积占陶瓷先驱体浆料与树脂的体积和的比。
表2，本申请实施例2和对比例2制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000002
从上述表1和表2可见，增加了陶瓷先驱体的耐热防护件的耐热冲击性能得到增强，可以在1500℃热气流冲击50s而不发生透火，比没有陶瓷先驱体的耐热防护件可以承受更长时间的热冲击；耐热防护件的耐热冲击性能与陶瓷先驱体浆料的含量有关系，陶瓷先驱体浆料质量占陶瓷先驱体浆料与树脂的质量和的比小于20％的情况下，在1500℃热气流冲击50s发生透火。另外，陶瓷先驱体浆料质量占陶瓷先驱体浆料与树脂的质量和的比大于50％的情况下，耐热防护件的弯曲强度降 低。
实施例3
本实施例中，先采用实施例1的方法制备纤维树脂复合半固化层；然后将含硅填料均匀喷洒在纤维树脂复合半固化层的表面，之后再进行热压固化，热压温度为140℃，热压时间为30min，热压过程中部分含硅填料能够进入树脂和纤维布内，之后再150℃烘烤2h。
其中，本实施例采用的二氧化硅气凝胶为我司采用溶胶凝胶法生产制得，云母粉购买自安徽格锐新材料科技有限公司，陶瓷微粉、石英粉、白炭黑购买自上海汇精亚纳米新材料有限公司，树脂与纤维布购买厂家同实施例1。
本实施例3制备了十五个样品，分别为样品3-1到样品3-15。
对比例3
本申请对比例3与实施例3的制备方法基本相同，本申请制备了六个对比样品，分别为对比样品3-A到对比样品3-F。
测试结果参见表3，其中，含硅填料的含量指含硅填料与纤维基体体积比。
表3，本申请实施例3和对比例3制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000004
实施例4
本实施例中，先采用实施例1的方法制备纤维树脂复合半固化层；然后将含硅填料和高温融合剂混合后(或将高温融合剂)均匀喷洒在纤维树脂复合半固化层的表面，之后再进行热压固化，热压温度为140℃，热压时间为30min，热压过程中部分含硅填料和高温融合剂(或高温融合剂)能够进入树脂和纤维布内，之后再150℃烘烤2h。
其中，本实施例采用的滑石粉、高岭土、硅铝粉购买自上海汇精亚纳米新材料有限公司，含硅填料、树脂与纤维布购买厂家同实施例3。
本实施例4制备了十二个样品，分别为样品4-1到样品4-12，其中，样品4-1到样品4-8添加含硅填料和高温融合剂；样品4-9到样品4-12仅添加高温融合剂。
对比例4
本申请对比例4与实施例4的制备方法基本相同，本申请制备了六个对比样品，分别为对比样品对比样品4-A到对比样品4-F。
测试结果参见表4-1和表4-2。
表4-1，本申请实施例4和对比例4制备的第一组耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000006
研究还发现，高温融合剂的含量增加，弯曲强度也增加，但是，当高温融合剂的含量大于40wt％，例如对比样品4-B，会导致含硅填料、高温融合剂会与树脂的润湿性差，出现分层。
表4-2，本申请实施例4和对比例4制备的第二组耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000008
从上述表1和表4可见，增加了高温融合剂的耐热防护件的耐热冲击性能得到增强，可以在1500℃热气流冲击50s而不发生透火，比没有高温融合剂的耐热防护件可以承受更长时间的热冲击；高温融合剂的含量过高和过低都会影响耐热防护件的耐热冲击性能。
实施例5
本实施例中，先采用实施例1的方法制备纤维树脂复合层；然后将含硅填料和润滑剂混合后均匀喷洒在纤维树脂复合层的表面，之后再进行热压固化，热压温度为140℃，热压时间为30min，热压过程中部分含硅填料能够进入树脂和纤维布内，之后再150℃烘烤2h。
其中，本实施例采用的滑石粉购买自上海汇精亚纳米新材料有限公司，石蜡、聚乙烯蜡、聚酰胺蜡购买自上海易巴化工原料有限公司，含硅填料、树脂与纤维布购买厂家同实施例3。
本实施例5制备了四个样品，分别为样品5-1到样品5-4。
对比例5
本申请对比例5与实施例5的制备方法基本相同，本申请制备了三个对比样品，分别为对比样品5-A到对比样品5-C。
测试结果参见表5，其中，润滑剂占含硅填料的含量指润滑剂与含硅填料的质量比。
表5，本申请实施例5和对比例5制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000010
研究还发现，润滑剂的含量增加，弯曲强度也增加，但是，当润滑剂的含量大于40wt％，例如对比样品5-B，会导致含硅填料或润滑剂会与树脂的润湿性差，出现分层。
实施例6
本实施例中，将树脂、含硅填料按照比例进行混合，含硅填料可以分次加入以使添加混合均匀，混合均匀后进行固化，固化条件同实施例1。
其中，原材料的选购同实施例3。
本实施例6制备了十三个样品，分别为样品6-1到样品6-13。
对比例6
本申请对比例6与实施例6的制备方法基本相同，本申请制备了两个对比样品，分别为对比样品6-A和对比样品6-B。
测试结果参见表6，其中，树脂和含硅填料比例为质量比。
表6，本申请实施例6和对比例6制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000011
实施例7
本实施例中，将含硅填料与高温融合剂混合，将含硅填料与高温融合剂混合料加入树脂中混合均匀，含硅填料与高温融合剂可以分次加入以使添加混合均匀，混合均匀后进行固化，固化条件同实施例1。
其中，原材料的选购同实施例4。
本实施例7制备了十三个样品，分别为样品7-1到样品7-13。
测试结果参见表7，其中，高温融合剂占含硅填料的含量指高温融合剂与含硅填料的质量比；树脂和含硅填料比例为质量比。
表7，本申请实施例7制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000013
对比表7和表6的样品6-3可见，增加高温融合剂之后，耐热防护件的弯曲强度明显增强。
实施例8
本实施例中，将含硅填料与润滑剂混合均匀后，将含硅填料与润滑剂添加至树脂中，混合均匀后进行固化，固化条件同
实施例1。由于不含耐热纤维布纤维布，润滑剂的用量滑石粉为占含硅填料的量的5-40wt％，石蜡、聚乙烯蜡等为占含硅填料的量的3-10wt％，石蜡、聚乙烯蜡的熔点低，量大以后对抗冲击性有影响。
其中，原材料的选购同实施例5。
本实施例8制备了十个样品，分别为样品8-1到样品8-10。
对比例8
本申请对比例8与实施例8的制备方法基本相同，本申请制备了三个对比样品，分别为比样品8-A、对比样品8-B和对比样品8-C。
测试结果参见表8，其中，润滑剂占含硅填料的含量指润滑剂与含硅填料的质量比；树脂和含硅填料比例为质量比。
表8，本申请实施例8和对比例8制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000015
对比表8的样品8-2和8-3和表6的样品6-3可见，增加润滑剂之后，耐热防护件的弯曲强度明显增强。
实施例9
本实施例中，将含硅填料与润滑剂混合均匀后，将含硅填料与润滑剂添加至树脂中，混合均匀后进行固化，固化条件同实施例2。由于不含耐热纤维布纤维布，润滑剂的用量滑石粉为占含硅填料的量的5-40wt％，石蜡、聚乙烯蜡等为占含硅填料的量的3-10wt％，石蜡、聚乙烯蜡的熔点低，量大以后对抗冲击性有影响。
其中，原材料的选购同实施例2和实施例3。
本实施例9制备了二十八个样品，分别为样品9-1到样品9-28。
对比例9
本申请对比例9与实施例9的制备方法基本相同，本申请制备了对比样品9-A。
测试结果参见表9，其中，陶瓷先驱体浆料含量为陶瓷先驱体浆料占陶瓷先驱体浆料与树脂的质量和的比；树脂和含硅填料比例为质量比。
表9，本申请实施例9制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000017
从上述表6和表9可见，增加了陶瓷先驱体的耐热防护件的耐热冲击性能得到增强，可以在1500℃热气流冲击50s而 无破损，比没有陶瓷先驱体的耐热防护件可以承受更长时间的热冲击。
实施例10
本实施例中，将树脂、含硅填料、短切纤维按照比例进行混合，含硅填料与短切纤维可以先预混再加入，也可以分别分次加入，不限定加入顺序，混合均匀后进行固化，固化条件同实施例1。
其中，本实施例采用的短切碳纤维购买自江西硕邦新材料科技有限公司，短切碳化硅纤维购买自湖南泽睿新材料有限公司，其他材料的购买同实施例6。
本实施例10制备了八个样品，分别为样品10-1到样品10-8。
对比例10
本申请对比例10与实施例10的制备方法基本相同，本申请制备了三个对比样品，分别为对比样品10-A和对比样品10-C。
测试结果参见表10，其中，树脂和含硅填料比例为质量比。
表10，本申请实施例10制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000018
从表10可见，适当添加短切纤维后耐热防护件的弯曲强度变大，但是如果短切纤维的含量过高，例如短切纤维与含硅填料的质量比大于15％之后，耐热防护件的弯曲强度会下降。可能是因为短切纤维不宜分散，容易团聚，且短切纤维的搭接点可能在热冲击过程中成为薄弱点所导致。
实施例11
本实施例中，按照实施例10的方法制备功能层，按照实施例1的方法制备增强层或采用纯纤维布作为增强层，然后将功能层和增强层层叠热压复合。
其中，原材料的购买来源同实施例1和实施例6。
本实施例11制备了五个样品，分别为样品11-1到样品11-5。
测试结果参见表11。
表11，本申请实施例11制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000020
实施例12
本实施例中，按照实施例10的方法制备功能层，按照实施例1的方法制备增强层/补强层，或采用纯纤维布作为增强层/补强层，然后将功能层夹持在补强层和增强层之间层叠热压复合。
其中，原材料的购买来源同实施例1和实施例6。
本实施例12制备了六个样品，分别为样品12-1到样品12-6。
测试结果参见表12。
表12，本申请实施例12制备的耐热防护件的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022130661-appb-000021
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都 属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (50)

  1. 一种耐热防护件，其特征在于，包括依次设置的增强层、功能层、补强层；所述功能层包括第一树脂和分散在所述第一树脂内的填料；所述增强层和所述补强层均包括纤维基体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，
    所述填料为第一短切纤维，所述第一短切纤维在所述功能层中的体积占比为50-80％；所述第一短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种；或
    所述填料为第一热反射填料，所述第一热反射填料在所述功能层中的体积占比为45-75％；所述第一热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一树脂采用的树脂中的碳元素质量含量大于40％；所述填料包括第一含硅填料，所述第一树脂和所述第一含硅填料的重量比为1:3-1:1。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉、石英粉、云母粉、陶瓷微粉、白炭黑、硅灰石、蒙脱土、滑石粉中的一种或多种的组合。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉与云母粉，所述二氧化硅气凝胶粉和所述云母粉的质量比为1:3-1:1。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一含硅填料包含二氧化硅和三氧化二铝；所述二氧化硅的用量为所述第一含硅填料的50～80wt％，所述三氧化二铝的用量为所述第一含硅填料的10～30wt％。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一填料还包括高温融合剂，所述第一高温融合剂的用量为所述第一含硅填料的10wt％-40wt％。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一高温融合剂包括滑石粉、硅灰石、云母粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅铝粉中的一种或多种；所述第一高温融合剂的材料与所述第一含硅填料的材料不同。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述填料还包括第一润滑剂，所述第一润滑剂的用量为所述第一含硅填料的10-40wt％。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述功能层还包括第一陶瓷先驱体，所述第一陶瓷先驱体的体积占所述第一陶瓷先驱体与所述第一树脂的体积之和的比小于50％，或所述第一陶瓷先驱体的质量占所述第一陶瓷先驱体与所述第一树脂的质量之和的比小于50％。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一陶瓷先驱体包括聚硅氮烷树脂和聚硼硅氮烷树脂中的一种或多种。
  12. 根据权利要求3所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述填料还包括第一短切纤维，所述第一短切纤维的用量为所述第一含硅填料的0-15wt％。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种；所述第一短切纤维的长度0.05-30mm，直径1-15μm。
  14. 根据权利要求3所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述填料还包括第一热反射填料，所述第一热反射填料的用量为所述第一含硅填料的0-5wt％。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述增强层、所述功能层、所述补强层自迎火面向背火面依次设置；所述补强层的纤维基体的熔点比所述增强层的纤维基体的熔点高。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述增强层的纤维基体包括高硅氧纤维、石英纤维、玻纤、玄武岩纤维中一种或多种；所述补强层的纤维基体包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维中的一种或多种。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述纤维基体包括纤维布和/或纤维毡。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述纤维基体包括叠层设置的所述纤维布和/或所述纤维毡。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述纤维基体包括所述纤维布；所述纤维布为纤维斜纹织物、纤维缎纹织物、纤维单轴向织物和纤维多轴向织物中的一种或多种。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述增强层、所述功能层、所述补强层的厚度比为(1-2)：(8-10)：(1-2)。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任意一项所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述增强层和/或所述补强层为纤维基体。
  23. 根据权利要求1-21任意一项所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述增强层和/或所述补强层包括复合层，所述复合层包括纤维基体以及第二树脂；所述第二树脂分散在所述纤维基体的孔隙内和/或所述纤维基体的表面，且所述纤维基体在所述复合层中的体积占比为50％-75％。
  24. 根据权利要求1-21任意一项或23所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一树脂中的碳元素质量含量大于40％；和/或，所述第二树脂中的碳元素质量含量大于40％。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一树脂中分散有第一黏度调节剂，所述第一黏度调节剂的用量为所述第一树脂体积的1-10％；和/或，
    所述第一树脂中分散有第一固化剂；和/或，
    所述第一树脂中分散有第一阻燃剂，所述第一阻燃剂的用量为所述第一树脂质量的5-40％；和/或，
    所述第二树脂中分散有第二黏度调节剂，所述第二黏度调节剂的用量为所述第二树脂体积的1-10％；和/或，
    所述第二树脂中分散有第二固化剂；和/或，
    所述第二树脂中分散有第二阻燃剂，所述第二阻燃剂的用量为所述第二树脂质量的5-40％。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第一树脂包括酚醛树脂、糠酮树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲、以及酚醛改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合；和/或，所述第二树脂包括酚醛树脂、糠酮树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、呋喃树脂、聚脲、以及酚醛改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合。
  27. 根据权利要求23所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述复合层还包括第二含硅填料，所述第二含硅填料占所述纤维基体体积的40-70％。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉、石英粉、云母粉、陶瓷微粉、白炭黑、硅灰石、蒙脱土、滑石粉中的一种或多种的组合。
  29. 根据权利要求27所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉与云母粉组合，所述二氧化硅气凝胶粉和所述云母粉的质量比为1:3-1:1。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第二含硅填料包括二氧化硅和三氧化二铝；所述二氧化硅的用量为所述第二含硅填料的50～80wt％，所述三氧化二铝的用量为所述第二含硅填料的10～30wt％。
  31. 根据权利要求27所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述补强层的复合层还包括第二短切纤维，所述第二短切纤维的用量为所述第二含硅填料的0-15wt％。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第二短切纤维包括碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、硅酸铝纤维、石棉纤维、高硅氧纤维、硼碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种；所述第二短切纤维的长度0.05-30mm，直径1-15μm。
  33. 根据权利要求27所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述复合层还包括第二高温融合剂，所述第二高温融合剂的用量为所述第二含硅填料的10wt％-40wt％。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第二高温融合剂包括滑石粉、硅灰石、云母粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、硅铝粉中的一种或多种；所述第二高温融合剂的材料与所述第二含硅填料的材料不同。
  35. 根据权利要求27所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述复合层还包括第二润滑剂，所述第二润滑剂的用量为所述第二含硅填料的10-40wt％。
  36. 根据权利要求23所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述增强层和/或补强层还包括第二陶瓷先驱体，所述第二陶瓷先驱体的体积占所述第二陶瓷先驱体与所述第二树脂的体积之和的比小于50％，或所述第二陶瓷先驱体的质量占所述第二陶瓷先驱体与所述第二树脂的质量之和的比小于50％。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第二陶瓷先驱体包括聚硅氮烷树脂、聚硼硅氮烷树脂和聚碳硅烷树脂中的一种或多种。
  38. 根据权利要求27所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述复合层还包括第二反射填料，所述第二反射填料的用量为所述第二含硅填料的5-30wt％。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述第二热反射填料包括钛、铁、铝、锌、镧、铈的氧化物或氮化物中一种或多种。
  40. 根据权利要求23所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述复合层还包括相变材料，所述相变材料分散所述第二树脂中，所述相变材料的用量为所述纤维基体体积的5％-20％。
  41. 根据权利要求23所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述复合层还包括着色剂，所述着色剂包括炭黑、钛白、铁黑、油性色精、以及过渡金属着色离子氧化物中的一种或多种。
  42. 根据权利要求1所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述耐热防护件还包括吸气剂；所述吸气剂填充在所述增强层、所述功能层和所述补强层中的至少一层内；或所述吸气剂设置于所述增强层、所述功能层和所述补强层中的相邻两层之间形成吸气层；或所述吸气剂设置于所述增强层远离所述功能层的一侧形成吸气层。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述吸气剂包括碳分子筛、沸石筛、石墨烯、碳酸钙、滑石粉、氧化铝中的一种或几种。
  44. 根据权利要求1所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述耐热防护件还包括隔热层，所述隔热层设置于所述补强层远离所述功能层的一侧。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述隔热层包括气凝胶涂层或气凝胶毡。
  46. 根据权利要求1所述的耐热防护件，其特征在于，所述增强层覆盖整个所述功能层；所述补强层包括多个间隔设置的子补强层。
  47. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-46任意一项所述的耐热防护件。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的电池，其特征在于，包括：
    电池单体，所述电池单体的第一壁上设置有泄压机构；
    其中，所述耐热防护件与所述泄压机构相对设置。
  49. 根据权利要求47所述的电池，其特征在于，包括：
    多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体包括相邻的第一电池单体和第二电池单体，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体沿 第一方向排列；
    其中，所述耐热防护件设置于所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体之间。
  50. 根据权利要求49所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池单体上设置有泄压机构；所述耐热防护件为根据权利要求46所述的耐热防护件；其中，所述子补强层对应所述泄压机构设置。
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CN103333542A (zh) * 2013-07-04 2013-10-02 河南工业大学 二氧化硅气凝胶微球复合隔热涂料
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CN103333542A (zh) * 2013-07-04 2013-10-02 河南工业大学 二氧化硅气凝胶微球复合隔热涂料
WO2022077369A1 (zh) * 2020-10-15 2022-04-21 深圳市艾比森光电股份有限公司 一种防火涂层及具有该防火涂层的led显示屏
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