WO2023197550A1 - 掩模版、光刻装置和用于制造掩模版的方法 - Google Patents

掩模版、光刻装置和用于制造掩模版的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023197550A1
WO2023197550A1 PCT/CN2022/126110 CN2022126110W WO2023197550A1 WO 2023197550 A1 WO2023197550 A1 WO 2023197550A1 CN 2022126110 W CN2022126110 W CN 2022126110W WO 2023197550 A1 WO2023197550 A1 WO 2023197550A1
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control
layer
control circuit
circuit layer
mask
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PCT/CN2022/126110
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李西军
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西湖大学
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0102Constructional details, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0121Operation of devices; Circuit arrangements, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • G03F1/68Preparation processes not covered by groups G03F1/20 - G03F1/50

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to the field of photolithography technology, and more specifically, to a reticle, a photolithography apparatus, and a method for manufacturing a reticle.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a reticle, a photolithography apparatus, and a method for manufacturing the reticle.
  • a mask including: an electrolysis reaction layer, the metal elements in the electrolysis reaction layer are configured to be in a deposited metal state or a dissolved ion state; a first control circuit layer, the first control circuit layer is disposed on the first side of the electrolysis reaction layer, and the first control circuit layer includes a plurality of first control electrodes; and a second control circuit layer, the second control circuit layer The circuit layer is disposed on the second side of the electrolysis reaction layer opposite to the first side, and the second control circuit layer includes a plurality of second control electrodes; wherein the light transmission of the pixel area in the mask is A state is configured to be determined by a control voltage between at least a portion of a first control electrode and at least a portion of a second control electrode contained in the pixel area, the control voltage being controlled by controlling deposition of metal in the electrolytic reaction layer To control the light transmission state of the pixel area.
  • the mask further includes: a substrate, on which the first control circuit layer, the electrolysis reaction layer and the second control circuit layer are deposited in sequence.
  • the substrate includes at least one of quartz and calcium fluoride.
  • the electrolytic reaction layer includes: an electrolyte layer; a first electrolytic material layer disposed between the first control circuit layer and the electrolyte layer; and a second electrolytic material layer. Material layer, the second electrolytic material layer is provided between the electrolyte layer and the second control circuit layer.
  • the electrolyte layer includes copper-lead electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte layer includes lead perchlorate, copper chloride, copper perchlorate, and lithium perchlorate.
  • the electrolyte layer includes a copper-silver electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte layer includes copper perchlorate, silver perchlorate, and lithium chloride.
  • the electrolyte layer includes a solid electrolyte; or the electrolyte layer includes a liquid electrolyte.
  • one of the first electrolytic material layer and the second electrolytic material layer includes conductive diamond, indium tin oxide, or indium tin oxide modified with platinum nanoparticles.
  • the other of the first electrolytic material layer and the second electrolytic material layer includes platinum.
  • the electrolyte layer includes an electrolyte material in a continuous thin film; the first electrolytic material layer includes a first electrolytic material in a continuous thin film; and/or the second electrolytic material layer includes a continuous thin film.
  • a film-like second electrolytic material is
  • the electrolyte layer includes a plurality of electrolyte material blocks arranged in an array, and each pixel area in the mask includes one or more electrolyte material blocks;
  • the first electrolyte material layer It includes a plurality of first electrolytic material blocks arranged in an array, and each pixel area in the mask includes one or more first electrolytic material blocks; and/or the second electrolytic material layer includes a plurality of first electrolytic material blocks arranged in an array.
  • a plurality of second electrolytic material blocks are arranged in a shape, and each pixel area in the mask includes one or more second electrolytic material blocks.
  • each of the plurality of first control electrodes is respectively connected to a first pole of the control power supply via a corresponding first switching device; and each of the plurality of second control electrodes is Each second control electrode is respectively connected to the second pole of the control power supply via a corresponding second switching device.
  • each first control electrode is configured to receive a first control signal
  • each second control electrode is configured to receive a second control signal to control a device including overlapping first control electrodes. and a light-transmissive state of at least a portion of the pixel area of the second control electrode.
  • the first control electrode is a first strip electrode extending along a first direction, and the plurality of first control electrodes are arranged in the first control circuit layer and are electrically isolated from each other; and
  • the second control electrode is a second strip electrode extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the plurality of second control electrodes are arranged in the second control circuit layer in an electrically isolated manner from each other.
  • each pixel area in the reticle includes at least a portion of a first control electrode and at least a portion of a second control electrode.
  • each pixel area in the reticle includes at least a portion of more than one first control electrode and at least a portion of more than one second control electrode.
  • the ratio of the area of the first control circuit layer occupied by the first control electrode to the area of the area not occupied by the first control electrode is 100% to 1000%; and/or the The ratio of the area of the second control circuit layer occupied by the second control electrode to the area of the area not occupied by the second control electrode is 100% to 1000%.
  • the ratio of the area of the first control circuit layer occupied by the first control electrode to the area of the area not occupied by the first control electrode is equal to the area of the second control circuit layer occupied by the first control electrode.
  • a plurality of first control electrodes in the first control circuit layer are periodically arranged; and/or a plurality of second control electrodes in the second control circuit layer are arranged periodically.
  • the arrangement period of the plurality of first control electrodes in the first control circuit layer is 50 nm to 50 ⁇ m; and/or the arrangement period of the plurality of second control electrodes in the second control circuit layer It is 50nm ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
  • the arrangement period of the plurality of first control electrodes in the first control circuit layer is equal to the arrangement period of the plurality of second control electrodes in the second control circuit layer.
  • the first control electrode includes at least one of indium tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, conductive diamond, and conductive aluminum nitride; and/or the second control electrode includes indium tin oxide , at least one of aluminum-doped zinc oxide, conductive diamond, and conductive aluminum nitride.
  • the thickness of the first control circuit layer is 10 nm ⁇ 100 nm; and/or the thickness of the second control circuit layer is 10 nm ⁇ 100 nm.
  • the resistivity of the first control electrode is less than the resistivity of the electrolysis reaction layer; and the resistivity of the second control electrode is less than the resistivity of the electrolysis reaction layer.
  • the total thickness of the electrolysis reaction layer, the first control circuit layer and the second control circuit layer is less than 100 ⁇ m.
  • a lithography apparatus includes: the reticle as described above; and a control module configured to respectively apply to the plurality of reticles according to layout generation.
  • a method for manufacturing a reticle comprising: providing a substrate; forming a patterned first control circuit layer on the substrate, the first control circuit layer including a plurality of first control electrodes; forming an electrolysis reaction layer on the first control circuit layer; and forming a patterned second control circuit layer on the electrolysis reaction layer, the second control circuit layer including a plurality of a second control electrode; wherein the light-transmitting state of the pixel area in the mask is configured to be determined by a control voltage between at least a portion of the first control electrode and at least a portion of the second control electrode contained in the pixel area. It is determined that the control voltage controls the light transmission state of the pixel area by controlling the deposition amount of metal in the electrolysis reaction layer.
  • forming the electrolytic reaction layer on the first control circuit layer includes: sequentially laminating a first electrolytic material layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrolytic material layer together to form the electrolytic reaction layer; and The electrolytic reaction layer is formed on the first control circuit layer, wherein the first electrolytic material layer is located between the first control circuit layer and the electrolyte layer.
  • forming the electrolytic reaction layer on the first control circuit layer includes: forming a first electrolytic material layer on the first control circuit layer; forming an electrolyte layer on the first electrolytic material layer; and forming a second electrolytic material layer on the electrolyte layer.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mask according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit including a first control circuit layer and a second control circuit layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a state schematic diagram of a control circuit for adjusting the light transmission state of the pixel area of the mask
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the light-transmitting state of the pixel area of the mask in the state of the control circuit of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another state of the control circuit for adjusting the light transmission state of the pixel area of the mask
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the light-transmitting state of the pixel area of the mask in the state of the control circuit of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithography apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a reticle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the specification uses the terms “includes,” “includes,” and “containing” to indicate the presence of claimed features but does not exclude the presence of one or more other features.
  • the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
  • the terms “between X and Y” and “about between X and Y” used in the specification should be construed to include both X and Y.
  • the term “between approximately X and Y” as used in this specification means “between approximately X and approximately Y”, and the term “from approximately X to Y” as used in this specification means “from approximately to approximately Y”.
  • an element is referred to as being “on,” “attached to,” “connected to” another element, “coupled to” another element, or “contacting” another element.
  • the element can be directly on, attached to, connected to, coupled to, or contacting another element, or intervening elements may be present.
  • one element is said to be “directly on”, “directly attached to”, “directly connected to”, “directly coupled to” another element or, or “directly coupled” to another element.
  • a feature being arranged “adjacent” to another feature may mean that one feature has a portion that overlaps the adjacent feature or that is located above or below the adjacent feature.
  • spatial relationship terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front”, “back”, “high”, “low”, etc. can describe the relationship between one feature and another feature. relationship in the attached figure. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, features described as “below” other features would now be described as “above” other features. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the relative spatial relationships will be interpreted accordingly.
  • the reticle may include a substrate (for example, quartz glass) that can transmit ultraviolet light that changes the properties of the resist (photoresist), and a substrate that is deposited on the substrate to block the ultraviolet light.
  • Transparent coating for example, metallic chromium film.
  • a chromium film tens of nanometers thick and an etch resist on the chromium film can be deposited sequentially on quartz glass, and then laser direct writing or electron beam exposure is used to etch the resist.
  • the required pattern is formed on the resist, and then the chromium exposed from the resist is wet etched or dry etched to form a pattern corresponding to the desired structure on the chromium film.
  • the laser direct writing method is usually used to form a mask with a minimum line width of more than 300 nm
  • the electron beam exposure method can be used to form a mask with a minimum line width of less than 300 nm.
  • the cost of a single mask is approximately tens of thousands of dollars, while the cost of a complete set of masks for a complete device or chip production process may be as high as millions of dollars.
  • the cost of a complete set of masks for a complete device or chip production process may be as high as millions of dollars.
  • its structure is difficult to change.
  • single batches of chips including central processing units (CPUs), dynamic random access memories (DRAM), flash memories, etc. are usually in the order of millions or even hundreds of millions, so they can be well amortized.
  • the cost of manufacturing the mask allows the mask-based photolithography process to be widely used in the manufacturing of these devices or chips.
  • defects in the reticle may also significantly increase the cost of producing devices or chips. Specifically, if there are small defects in the mask, it will take time to detect and repair the defects; and if there are large defects in the mask, the entire mask may have to be scrapped.
  • this disclosure proposes a programmable, programmable Erase and reuse digital photolithography masks.
  • the light transmission state of the corresponding pixel area in the mask can be changed by controlling the deposition state of metal elements in the electrolysis reaction layer, so that the pattern on the same mask can be changed as needed, thereby achieving The reuse of masks reduces the production cost of devices or chips.
  • the mask may include an electrolysis reaction layer 110 , a first control circuit layer 120 and a second control circuit layer 130 .
  • the metal elements in the electrolysis reaction layer 110 may be configured to be in a deposited metal state or a dissolved ion state. Under normal circumstances, when the thickness of the deposited metal reaches more than tens of nanometers, such as 20-100nm or 50-100nm, it is enough to block exposure beams such as ultraviolet light used to change the resist. In other words, The corresponding areas of the mask where the metal is deposited will be non-transmissive. In addition, when the metal elements in the electrolysis reaction layer 110 are in a dissolved ion state, the amount of metal deposited in the corresponding area of the mask is reduced or even eliminated, so that the area can be in a light-transmitting state for use to resist etching. The ultraviolet light that changes the etchant passes through, and the passed ultraviolet light can expose the resist in the corresponding area of the device or chip to help form the desired device or chip structure.
  • the electrolytic reaction layer 110 may include an electrolyte layer 111 , a first electrolytic material layer 112 and a second electrolytic material layer 113 .
  • the metal element When the metal element is in a dissolved ion state, it can move in the electrolyte layer 111.
  • metal ions By applying an electric field, metal ions can be moved in a desired direction in the electrolyte layer 111 and then deposited onto the corresponding first electrolytic material layer 112 or second electrolytic material layer 113 to form a non-light-transmitting area in the mask.
  • the metal deposited on the first electrolytic material layer 112 or the second electrolytic material layer 113 can also be dissolved into metal ions in the electrolyte layer 111 by applying a reverse electric field to form a light-transmitting area in the mask.
  • the first electrolytic material layer 112 can be provided between the first control circuit layer 120 and the electrolyte layer 111
  • the second electrolytic material layer 113 can be provided between the electrolyte layer 111 and the second control circuit layer 130 .
  • the electric field applied to each pixel area in the electrolysis reaction layer 110 can be controlled, thereby changing the light transmission state of the corresponding pixel area, as will be described later. Detailed description.
  • the electrolytic reaction layer 110 may be based on a bimetallic system to have better stability, so that the mask can undergo multiple state changes without being damaged.
  • a mask based on a bimetallic system electrolytic reaction layer it can still have a light transmission contrast ratio of more than 6 (light transmittance in a light-transmitting state/light transmittance in an opaque state) after 5,000 reversible platings. ).
  • the electrolytic reaction layer 110 may be based on a copper-lead (Cu-Pb) electrolytic system.
  • the electrolyte layer 111 may include a Cu-Pb electrolyte, including, for example, lead perchlorate (Pb(ClO 4 ) 2 ), copper chloride (CuCl 2 ), copper perchlorate (Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 ), and high Lithium chlorate (LiClO 4 ).
  • the electrolysis reaction layer 110 may be based on a copper-silver (Cu-Ag) electrolysis system.
  • the electrolyte layer 111 may include a Cu-Ag electrolyte, including, for example, copper perchlorate (Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 ), silver perchlorate (AgClO 4 ), and lithium chloride (LiCl).
  • the electrolysis reaction layer 110 may also be based on the deposition and dissolution of other metals, which is not limited here.
  • the electrolyte layer 111 in the reticle may be in a solid state or a liquid state.
  • the electrolyte layer 111 may include a solid electrolyte or a liquid electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte layer 111 is a solid electrolyte, after the electric field applied to the mask is removed, the movement of the metal elements in it can still be well restricted, so the light-transmitting areas and non-light-transmitting areas of the mask can also be Being well maintained.
  • the electrolyte layer 111 is a liquid electrolyte
  • the light-transmitting area and the non-light-transmitting area of the mask may slowly change, and its stability will be correspondingly deteriorated (but It can be understood that even if the stability is poor, it can usually meet the needs of photolithography).
  • the electrolyte layer 111 is a liquid electrolyte
  • the metal elements can move faster in the liquid electrolyte, thereby faster Realize the conversion between the light-transmitting state and the non-light-transmitting state.
  • the corresponding electrolyte layer can be selected according to needs.
  • the first electrolytic material layer 112 and the second electrolytic material layer 113 in the electrolytic reaction layer 110 may be formed using a material that is transparent to ultraviolet light used for photolithography and has certain conductivity.
  • one of the first electrolytic material layer 112 and the second electrolytic material layer 113 may include conductive diamond, indium tin oxide (ITO), or ITO modified with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles.
  • conductive diamond is transparent to ultraviolet light in the 193-405nm band, so it can be used in UV exposure masks based on the above-mentioned bands; while ITO is transparent to ultraviolet light in the 360-405nm range, and is suitable for Ultraviolet light with smaller wavelengths has a certain blocking effect, so it can be used in masks based on ultraviolet light exposure in the 360-405nm band. Furthermore, by using Pt nanoparticles to modify ITO, the metal can be deposited more uniformly on the corresponding electrolytic material layer, thereby making each non-transparent area formed in the mask block light more uniformly.
  • the other one of the first electrolytic material layer 112 and the second electrolytic material layer 113 may include platinum (Pt) to form a counter electrode.
  • Pt platinum
  • the thickness of the metal is low enough (for example, about 10 nm), it can have better light transmittance to avoid blocking ultraviolet light.
  • the electrolysis reaction layer 110 may be in the form of a continuous film.
  • the electrolyte layer 111 in the electrolysis reaction layer 110 may include an electrolyte material in the form of a continuous film
  • the first electrolyte material layer 112 may include a first electrolyte material in the form of a continuous film
  • the second electrolyte material layer 113 may include The second electrolytic material is in the form of a continuous film.
  • the continuous thin-film electrolytic reaction layer 110 is easy to be prepared in the mask, and does not interact with other components in the mask (for example, the first control electrode 121 and the first control electrode 121 in the first control circuit layer 120 during the manufacturing process of the mask).
  • the second control electrode 131) in the second control circuit layer 130 is aligned, so the cost of the mask can be effectively reduced.
  • electric field interference between adjacent regions in the electrolysis reaction layer 110 can be avoided by using materials with larger resistivity, so that the light transmission state of each region can be controlled independently.
  • the metal elements in each pixel area are only or basically The electric field applied to the pixel area is independently controlled.
  • One or more layers in the electrolysis reaction layer 110 can also be arranged as multiple blocks arranged in an array (for example, in a rectangular array), and the mask is Each pixel area may include one or more adjacent blocks (for example, each pixel area includes one block, or each pixel area includes 2x2, a total of four adjacent blocks, etc.).
  • the electrolyte layer 111 may include a plurality of electrolyte material blocks arranged in an array, and each pixel area in the mask may include one or more electrolyte material blocks; and/or the first electrolyte material layer 112 may It includes a plurality of first electrolytic material blocks arranged in an array, and each pixel area in the mask may include one or more first electrolytic material blocks; and/or the second electrolytic material layer 113 may include an array of first electrolytic material blocks.
  • a plurality of second electrolytic material blocks are arranged, and each pixel area in the mask may include one or more second electrolytic material blocks.
  • a charge-coupled device (CCD) drive circuit similar to that in a digital camera or a display in a monitor can be used
  • the control circuit of the drive circuit is implemented.
  • the first control circuit layer 120 may be disposed on the first side of the electrolysis reaction layer 110 , and the first control circuit layer 120 may include a plurality of first control electrodes 121 .
  • the second control circuit layer 130 may be provided on the second side of the electrolysis reaction layer 110 opposite to the first side, and the second control circuit layer 130 may include a plurality of second control electrodes 131 .
  • One of the first control electrode 121 and the second control electrode 131 is similar to a scan line in a CCD drive circuit or a display drive circuit, and the other is similar to a data line in a CCD drive circuit or a display drive circuit.
  • at least a part of each first control electrode 121 may overlap with at least a part of a corresponding second control electrode 131 in the thickness direction of the mask.
  • the intersection area of 131 is controlled by the electric field between the first control electrode 121 and the second control electrode 131, that is, the metal elements in the electrolyte layer 111 at this intersection can move under the action of the above-mentioned electric field.
  • the light transmission state of the pixel area in the reticle may be configured to be determined by the control voltage between at least a part of the first control electrode 121 and at least a part of the second control electrode 131 included in the pixel area, or in other words Determined by the loading history of the control voltage between at least a part of the first control electrode 121 and at least a part of the second control electrode 131 contained in the pixel area, this part of the first control electrode 121 and this part of the second control electrode 131 Overlapping in the thickness direction of the mask, the control voltage controls the light transmission state of the pixel area by controlling the deposition amount of metal in the electrolytic reaction layer 110 .
  • each intersection area may be formed as a pixel area (for example, each minimum shadow area shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 may be regarded as a pixel area in a non-light-transmitting state).
  • each pixel area in the reticle may include at least a portion of a first control electrode and at least a portion of a second control electrode (eg, include a portion of the first control electrode and a portion of the second control electrode that overlap each other). part).
  • a pixel area may be formed by multiple intersection areas adjacent to each other (for example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 , a pixel area includes four intersection areas and is represented by a dotted box.
  • each pixel area in the reticle may include at least a portion of more than one first control electrode and at least a portion of more than one second control electrode (for example, include each of the two first control electrodes). a portion of the electrode and a portion of each of the two second control electrodes).
  • each of the plurality of first control electrodes may be connected via a corresponding first switching device.
  • SH1, SH2, SH3 and SH4 are connected to a first electrode of the control power supply (such as the cathode shown in the figure), while each of the plurality of second control electrodes (V1, V2, V3 and V4)
  • the electrodes may be connected to the second pole of the control power supply (eg the anode shown in the figure) via respective second switching devices (SV1, SV2, SV3 and SV4).
  • each control electrode can be controlled by controlling the off or on state of each switching device, thereby controlling the light transmission state of the corresponding pixel area in the mask.
  • the electrolysis reaction layer 110 even if the applied external electric field is removed, the dissolved or deposited state of the metal elements in the corresponding area can still be maintained, so it can be controlled step by step by one or more
  • the light transmission state of each pixel area in the mask is controlled by a first switching device and one or more second switching devices.
  • the switching devices may include field effect transistors and other devices, which are not limited here. In some embodiments, the switching devices may be co-disposed in the control circuit layer of the reticle.
  • the switching device may be disposed outside the mask to avoid disturbing the light transmission state of each pixel area on the mask.
  • corresponding control signals can also be directly applied to each control electrode, eliminating the need for switching devices.
  • the applied voltage is applied in the intersection region of the first control electrode H1 and the second control electrode V1.
  • the metal ions in the electrolyte layer 111 in this area will move towards the first control electrode H1, and then deposit the first electrolytic material layer 112 in this area. In this way, the intersection area of the first control electrode H1 and the second control electrode V1 of the mask will be in a non-transmissive state.
  • the intersection area of the first control electrode H1 and the second control electrode V2, the intersection area of the first control electrode H2 and the second control electrode V1, and the intersection area of the first control electrode H2 and the second control electrode V2 will all appear.
  • the metal elements in the electrolyte layer 111 may exist in the form of ions, thereby making the corresponding areas of the mask appear in a light-transmitting state.
  • a mask with a pattern as shown in Figure 4 can be formed.
  • the applied voltage is applied in the intersection region of the first control electrode H3 and the second control electrode V3.
  • the metal ions in the electrolyte layer 111 in this area will move towards the first control electrode H3, and then deposit the first electrolytic material layer 112 in this area. In this way, the intersection area of the first control electrode H3 and the second control electrode V3 of the mask will be in a non-light-transmitting state.
  • the intersection area of the first control electrode H3 and the second control electrode V4, the intersection area of the first control electrode H4 and the second control electrode V3, and the intersection area of the first control electrode H4 and the second control electrode V4 will all appear.
  • the metal elements can remain in their original state, which means that the intersection area of the first control electrode H1 and the second control electrode V1, the first The intersection area between the control electrode H1 and the second control electrode V2, the intersection area between the first control electrode H2 and the second control electrode V1, and the intersection area between the first control electrode H2 and the second control electrode V2 still remain in a non-light-transmitting state.
  • the remaining areas remain transparent.
  • a mask with a pattern as shown in Figure 6 can be formed.
  • a first control signal applied to each first control electrode and a first control signal applied to each first control electrode may be generated based on one or more reticle patterns to be formed.
  • the first control signal and the second control signal may be directly applied to the first control electrode and the second control electrode, or may be applied to the first control electrode through corresponding switching devices (as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5). and on the second control electrode.
  • first control electrodes and second control electrodes may be included in the reticle.
  • a number of first control electrodes ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 and a number of second control electrodes ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 can be formed on the mask, thereby forming a pixel area on the order of 1,000x1,000 to 1,00,000x100,000, which is not limited here.
  • metal may also be deposited on the second electrolytic material layer 131 to form a non-light-transmitting area. This is not a restriction.
  • the closed or off states of different numbers of switching devices connected to different control electrodes can be controlled in each step of forming the reticle pattern, which is not limited here.
  • the control power supply can be Reverse, that is, swapping the first and second poles (anode and cathode) of the control power supply, combined with the opening or closing of the corresponding switching device, so that the metal deposited in the non-transmissive area is released and dissolved into the electrolyte layer 111 exist in the form of ions, thereby converting this area into a light-transmitting state.
  • the first control electrode 121 may be a first strip electrode extending along the first direction, and the plurality of first control electrodes 121 may be arranged in the first control circuit layer 120 electrically isolated from each other, so that each can be individually controlled.
  • the second control electrode 131 may be a second strip electrode extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the plurality of second control electrodes 131 may be arranged in the second control circuit layer 130 while being electrically isolated from each other.
  • each second control electrode 131 can be controlled individually.
  • the intersection area between the first control electrode and the second control electrode can be easily formed without the need for complicated alignment in the process of preparing the mask.
  • the control electrodes 131 can also be arranged in other forms, as long as the overlapping portions of the first control electrode 121 and the second control electrode 131 in the mask thickness direction can be independently controlled.
  • the light transmission state of each intersection area can be controlled by applying an electric field, which is not limited here. For example, when the area of the mask is large, two or more first strip electrodes or second strip electrodes can be arranged in the same horizontal direction or vertical direction to avoid the applied control signal from crossing the electrodes. Excessive attenuation on different areas, etc.
  • the ratio of the area of the first control circuit layer 120 occupied by the first control electrode 121 to the area of the area not occupied by the first control electrode 121 may be 100% to 1000%.
  • the ratio of the area of the second control circuit layer 130 occupied by the second control electrode 131 to the area of the area not occupied by the second control electrode 131 may be 100% to 1000%.
  • the larger the ratio the larger the area occupied by the control electrode in the corresponding control circuit layer, so when this area is set as a non-transparent area, its effect of blocking ultraviolet light can be better, especially when the area is controlled by When multiple intersection areas form a pixel area, the gaps between adjacent electrodes in the pixel area are smaller, so the light blocking performance is better.
  • the spacing between adjacent control electrodes is smaller than the designed spacing due to proximity effect, etc. Or even zero, resulting in a short circuit of adjacent control electrodes.
  • a smaller ratio will help control the difficulty of preparing the electrode array, but accordingly, when the spacing between control electrodes in the same control circuit layer is larger, the blocking effect of ultraviolet light may become worse. , especially when a pixel area is formed by multiple intersection areas, when it is desired to adjust the pixel area to a non-light-transmitting state, the gaps between the control electrodes may cause a certain degree of light leakage.
  • the ratio of the area of the area occupied by the first control electrode 121 to the area of the area not occupied by the first control electrode 121 in the first control circuit layer 120 may be equal to the area of the area in the second control circuit layer 130 .
  • the ratio of the area of the area occupied by the second control electrode 131 to the area of the area not occupied by the second control electrode 131 may be equal to the area of the area in the second control circuit layer 130 . In this way, the distribution of each intersection area in the horizontal and vertical directions will be substantially the same, which helps to simplify the mask preparation process.
  • the plurality of first control electrodes 121 in the first control circuit layer 120 may be arranged periodically.
  • the plurality of second control electrodes 131 in the second control circuit layer 130 may be arranged periodically. arranged ground. In this way, the size of each intersection area or each pixel area can be equal to each other.
  • the arrangement period of the plurality of first control electrodes 121 in the first control circuit layer 120 may be 50 nm to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the arrangement period of the plurality of second control electrodes 131 in the second control circuit layer 130 may be 50nm ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
  • the arrangement period of the plurality of first control electrodes 121 in the first control circuit layer 120 may be 5 ⁇ m, and/or the arrangement period of the plurality of second control electrodes 131 in the second control circuit layer 130 The period can be 5 ⁇ m. It is understandable that the smaller the arrangement period of the control electrodes, the higher the pattern accuracy that the mask can achieve, but correspondingly, the manufacturing process of the mask may be more difficult and the manufacturing cost may be higher.
  • the arrangement period of the plurality of first control electrodes 121 in the first control circuit layer 120 may be equal to the arrangement period of the plurality of second control electrodes 131 in the second control circuit layer 130 . In this way, the distribution of each intersection area in the horizontal and vertical directions will be substantially the same, which helps to simplify the mask preparation process.
  • the first control electrode 121 may include at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide, conductive diamond, and conductive aluminum nitride (AlN).
  • the second control electrode 131 may include at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide, conductive diamond, and conductive aluminum nitride (AlN).
  • the thickness of the first control circuit layer 120 may be 10 nm ⁇ 100 nm.
  • the thickness of the second control circuit layer 130 may be 10 nm ⁇ 100 nm.
  • the resistivity of the first control electrode 121 is generally smaller than the resistivity of the electrolysis reaction layer 110
  • the resistivity of the second control electrode 131 is also usually smaller than the resistivity of the electrolysis reaction layer 110 , such that the required electric field can be substantially uniform.
  • the ground is distributed in the area corresponding to the control electrode and avoids the interference of the electric field between adjacent intersection areas or pixel areas.
  • the total thickness of the electrolysis reaction layer 110, the first control circuit layer 120, and the second control circuit layer 130 can be below 100 ⁇ m to avoid switching between the light-transmitting state and the non-light-transmitting state of the mask due to excessive thickness. slow.
  • the mask may also include a substrate 140 , wherein the first control circuit layer 120 , the electrolysis reaction layer 110 and the second control circuit layer 130 may be sequentially deposited on the substrate 140 superior.
  • the substrate 140 may serve as a support for the layers thereon.
  • the substrate 140 may be made of quartz glass or calcium fluoride glass that is transparent to ultraviolet light.
  • a transparent control electrode array is used to control the metal and complex ions in the electrolysis reaction layer therebetween to achieve reversible metal thin film electroplating, thereby achieving a light-transmitting state for each pixel area in the mask. adjustment.
  • the corresponding mask pattern can be directly written based on the data file of the required device or chip structure, and the mask pattern on the same mask can be erased, realizing the reusability of the mask and improving the efficiency of the mask.
  • the efficiency of use reduces the manufacturing cost of devices or chips and avoids a series of problems caused by the high cost of masks in traditional photolithography.
  • the period of the control electrode array in the control circuit layer can be 100nm or even smaller, combined with four times (4x) reduced projection exposure to meet the needs of the 28nm process node, combined with the dual patterning process ( Technologies such as the LELE method can meet the needs of 14nm or even more advanced process nodes, thereby enabling reliable and low-cost production of highly integrated, low-volume chips.
  • a photolithography apparatus may include the reticle 100 and the control module 200 as described above.
  • the control module 200 may be configured to generate a plurality of first control signals respectively applied to the plurality of first control electrodes 121 and a plurality of second control signals of the plurality of second control electrodes 131 according to the layout, so that the reticle 100 The light transmission status of the pixel areas in corresponds to the corresponding layer in the layout.
  • the control module 200 may include a method for generating a plurality of mask patterns corresponding to one or more layers in the layout of the device or chip, and generating corresponding first control signals and second control signals according to each mask pattern.
  • a digital control unit 210 for controlling signals
  • a mask driving unit 220 for changing the light transmission state of each pixel area in the mask according to each set of first control signals and second control signals respectively.
  • the lithography device can complete the exposure of a 1cm level 2 chip in about 10 minutes through 1,600 times combined with the 1-2nm level positioning control of the workpiece stage, the dynamic adjustment and exposure of the synchronized mask. At 32nm line width accuracy, this exposure speed is more than 100 times that of the most advanced electron beam exposure machine.
  • the manufacturing of complex devices or chips can be completed efficiently and accurately through only one or a few reusable and erasable masks, which reduces the manufacturing cost of the devices or chips and is conducive to the development of the devices or chips. Fast updates, mass production and better market penetration.
  • the method may include:
  • Step S810 provide a substrate
  • Step S820 forming a patterned first control circuit layer on the substrate, where the first control circuit layer includes a plurality of first control electrodes;
  • Step S830 forming an electrolysis reaction layer on the first control circuit layer
  • Step S840 forming a patterned second control circuit layer on the electrolysis reaction layer, where the second control circuit layer includes a plurality of second control electrodes;
  • the light-transmitting state of the pixel area in the mask is configured to be determined by a control voltage between at least a part of the first control electrode and at least a part of the second control electrode contained in the pixel area, and the control voltage can be controlled by controlling the electrolysis reaction.
  • the amount of metal deposited in the layer controls the light transmission state of the pixel area.
  • laser direct writing or electron beam direct writing may be used, or the patterning may be formed using photolithography based on another mask.
  • the first control circuit layer and the second control circuit layer When the ratio of the area occupied by the control electrodes to the area not occupied by the control electrodes, the period of the control electrode array and other parameters in the first control circuit layer and the second control circuit layer are the same, the same mask can be used in different.
  • the first control circuit layer and the second control circuit layer are formed in directions (for example, perpendicular directions to each other) to reduce manufacturing costs.
  • forming the electrolysis reaction layer on the first control circuit layer may include:
  • the electrolysis reaction layer is formed on the first control circuit layer, wherein the first electrolytic material layer is located between the first control circuit layer and the electrolyte layer.
  • the first electrolytic material layer, the electrolyte layer and the second electrolytic material layer are in the shape of continuous films, it will be very simple and low-cost to form the electrolytic reaction layer in this way. If there is a certain patterning in the first electrolytic material layer, the electrolyte layer and the second electrolytic material layer, laser direct writing, electron beam direct writing or another mask-based method can be used to form the corresponding patterned layer. . If the first electrolytic material layer, the electrolyte layer and the second electrolytic material layer have the same patterning method, the composite of the first electrolytic material layer, the electrolyte layer and the second electrolytic material layer can be laminated first, and then patterned deal with.
  • forming the electrolysis reaction layer on the first control circuit layer may include:
  • a second electrolytic material layer is formed on the electrolyte layer.
  • the corresponding material can be conveniently deposited in each layer as a continuous film or pattern as needed.

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Abstract

一种掩模版、光刻装置和用于制造掩模版的方法,掩模版包括:电解反应层(110),电解反应层(110)中的金属元素被配置为处于沉积金属状态或溶解离子状态;第一控制电路层(120),第一控制电路层(120)设于电解反应层(110)的第一侧上,且第一控制电路层(120)包括多个第一控制电极(121);以及第二控制电路层(130),第二控制电路层(130)设于电解反应层(110)的与第一侧相对的第二侧上,且第二控制电路层(130)包括多个第二控制电极(131);其中,掩模版中的像素区域的透光状态被配置为由像素区域中包含的第一控制电极(121)的至少一部分和第二控制电极(131)的至少一部分之间的控制电压决定,控制电压通过控制电解反应层(110)中的金属的沉积量来控制像素区域的透光状态。

Description

掩模版、光刻装置和用于制造掩模版的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年4月11日提交的、标题为“掩模版、光刻装置和用于制造掩模版的方法”的中国专利申请第202210372723.9的优先权,该申请的公开内容通过引用被全部合并于此。
技术领域
本公开一般地涉及光刻技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种掩模版、光刻装置和用于制造掩模版的方法。
背景技术
在光刻技术中,通常使用掩模版来形成图案化的结构。然而,一旦掩模版被制成,其中的图案就不容易再被更改。并且,如果掩模版中存在缺陷或者在掩模版的使用过程中引入了缺陷,也难以再对这些缺陷进行修复。此外,掩模版通常还具有很高的成本。上述这些因素都会导致采用掩模版生产的芯片的成本升高、掩模版缺陷监测带来工艺的繁琐。因此,芯片生产技术存在对于新的掩模版的需求。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种掩模版、光刻装置和用于制造掩模版的方法。
根据本公开的第一方面,提供了一种掩模版,所述掩模版包括:电解反应层,所述电解反应层中的金属元素被配置为处于沉积金属状态或溶解离子状态;第一控制电路层,所述第一控制电路层设于所述电解反应层的第一侧上,且所述第一控制电路层包括多个第一控制电极;以及第二控制电路层,所述第二控制电路层设于所述电解反应层的与第一侧相对的第二侧上,且所述第二控制电路层包括多个第二控制电极;其中,所述掩模版中的像素区域的透光状态被配置为由所述像素区域中包含的第一控制电极的至少一部分和第二控制电极的至少一部分之间的控制电压决定,所述控制电压通过控制所述电解反应层中的金属的沉积量来控制所述像素区域的透光状态。
在一些实施例中,所述掩模版还包括:基板,所述第一控制电路层、所述电解反应层和所述第二控制电路层依次沉积在所述基板上。
在一些实施例中,所述基板包括石英和氟化钙中的至少一者。
在一些实施例中,所述电解反应层包括:电解质层;第一电解材料层,所述第一电解材料层设于所述第一控制电路层与所述电解质层之间;以及第二电解材料层,所述第二电解材料层设于所述电解质层与所述第二控制电路层之间。
在一些实施例中,所述电解质层包括铜-铅电解质。
在一些实施例中,所述电解质层包括高氯酸铅、氯化铜、高氯酸铜和高氯酸锂。
在一些实施例中,所述电解质层包括铜-银电解质。
在一些实施例中,所述电解质层包括高氯酸铜、高氯酸银和氯化锂。
在一些实施例中,所述电解质层包括固体电解质;或所述电解质层包括液体电解质。
在一些实施例中,所述第一电解材料层和所述第二电解材料层中的一者包括导电金刚石、氧化铟锡或由铂纳米颗粒修饰的氧化铟锡。
在一些实施例中,所述第一电解材料层和所述第二电解材料层中的另一者包括铂。
在一些实施例中,所述电解质层包括呈连续薄膜状的电解质材料;所述第一电解材料层包括呈连续薄膜状的第一电解材料;和/或所述第二电解材料层包括呈连续薄膜状的第二电解材料。
在一些实施例中,所述电解质层包括呈阵列状排布的多个电解质材料块,且所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括一个或多个电解质材料块;所述第一电解材料层包括呈阵列状排布的多个第一电解材料块,且所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括一个或多个第一电解材料块;和/或所述第二电解材料层包括呈阵列状排布的多个第二电解材料块,且所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括一个或多个第二电解材料块。
在一些实施例中,所述多个第一控制电极中的每个第一控制电极分别经由相应的第一开关器件连接到控制电源的第一极;以及所述多个第二控制电极中的每个第二控制电极分别经由相应的第二开关器件连接到所述控制电源的第二极。
在一些实施例中,每个第一控制电极分别被配置为接收第一控制信号,且每个第二控制电极分别被配置为接收第二控制信号,以控制其中包含重叠的第一控制电极的 至少一部分和第二控制电极的至少一部分的像素区域的透光状态。
在一些实施例中,所述第一控制电极为沿第一方向延伸的第一条状电极,且所述多个第一控制电极彼此电隔离地排列在所述第一控制电路层中;以及所述第二控制电极为沿垂直于第一方向的第二方向延伸的第二条状电极,且所述多个第二控制电极彼此电隔离地排列在所述第二控制电路层中。
在一些实施例中,所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括一个第一控制电极的至少一部分和一个第二控制电极的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中,所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括多于一个第一控制电极的至少一部分和多于一个第二控制电极的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中,所述第一控制电路层中的被第一控制电极所占据的区域面积与未被第一控制电极所占据的区域面积的比例为100%~1000%;和/或所述第二控制电路层中的被第二控制电极所占据的区域面积与未被第二控制电极所占据的区域面积的比例为100%~1000%。
在一些实施例中,所述第一控制电路层中的被第一控制电极所占据的区域面积与未被第一控制电极所占据的区域面积的比例等于所述第二控制电路层中的被第二控制电极所占据的区域面积与未被第二控制电极所占据的区域面积的比例。
在一些实施例中,所述第一控制电路层中的多个第一控制电极周期性地排列;和/或所述第二控制电路层中的多个第二控制电极周期性地排列。
在一些实施例中,所述第一控制电路层中的多个第一控制电极的排列周期为50nm~50μm;和/或所述第二控制电路层中的多个第二控制电极的排列周期为50nm~50μm。
在一些实施例中,所述第一控制电路层中的多个第一控制电极的排列周期等于所述第二控制电路层中的多个第二控制电极的排列周期。
在一些实施例中,所述第一控制电极包括氧化铟锡、铝掺杂的氧化锌、导电金刚石和导电氮化铝中的至少一者;和/或所述第二控制电极包括氧化铟锡、铝掺杂的氧化锌、导电金刚石和导电氮化铝中的至少一者。
在一些实施例中,所述第一控制电路层的厚度为10nm~100nm;和/或所述第二 控制电路层的厚度为10nm~100nm。
在一些实施例中,所述第一控制电极的电阻率小于所述电解反应层的电阻率;以及所述第二控制电极的电阻率小于所述电解反应层的电阻率。
在一些实施例中,所述电解反应层、所述第一控制电路层和所述第二控制电路层的总厚度在100μm以下。
根据本公开的第二方面,提供了一种光刻装置,所述光刻装置包括:如上所述的掩模版;以及控制模块,所述控制模块被配置为根据版图产生分别施加到所述多个第一控制电极的多个第一控制信号和所述多个第二控制电极的多个第二控制信号,以使得所述掩模版中的像素区域的透光状态与所述版图相对应。
根据本公开的第三方面,提供了一种用于制造掩模版的方法,所述方法包括:提供基板;在所述基板上形成图案化的第一控制电路层,所述第一控制电路层包括多个第一控制电极;在所述第一控制电路层上形成电解反应层;以及在所述电解反应层上形成图案化的第二控制电路层,所述第二控制电路层包括多个第二控制电极;其中,所述掩模版中的像素区域的透光状态被配置为由所述像素区域中包含的第一控制电极的至少一部分和第二控制电极的至少一部分之间的控制电压决定,所述控制电压通过控制所述电解反应层中的金属的沉积量来控制所述像素区域的透光状态。
在一些实施例中,在所述第一控制电路层上形成电解反应层包括:依次将第一电解材料层、电解质层和第二电解材料层层压在一起以形成所述电解反应层;以及将所述电解反应层形成在所述第一控制电路层上,其中,所述第一电解材料层位于所述第一控制电路层与所述电解质层之间。
在一些实施例中,在所述第一控制电路层上形成电解反应层包括:在所述第一控制电路层上形成第一电解材料层;在所述第一电解材料层上形成电解质层;以及在所述电解质层上形成第二电解材料层。
附图说明
构成说明书的一部分的附图描述了本公开的实施例,并且连同说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
参照附图,根据下面的详细描述,可以更加清楚地理解本公开,其中:
图1是根据本公开的一示例性实施例的掩模版的结构示意图;
图2是根据本公开的一示例性实施例的包含第一控制电路层和第二控制电路层的控制电路示意图;
图3是调节掩模版的像素区域的透光状态的控制电路的一状态示意图;
图4是在图3的控制电路的状态下掩模版的像素区域的透光状态的示意图;
图5是调节掩模版的像素区域的透光状态的控制电路的另一状态示意图;
图6是在图5的控制电路的状态下掩模版的像素区域的透光状态的示意图;
图7是根据本公开的一示例性实施例的光刻装置的结构示意图;
图8是根据本公开的一示例性实施例的用于制造掩模版的方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图描述本公开,其中的附图示出了本公开的若干实施例。然而应当理解的是,本公开可以以多种不同的方式呈现出来,并不局限于下文描述的实施例;事实上,下文描述的实施例旨在使本公开的公开更为完整,并向本领域技术人员充分说明本公开的保护范围。还应当理解的是,本文公开的实施例能够以各种方式进行组合,从而提供更多额外的实施例。
应当理解的是,在所有附图中,相同的附图标记表示相同的元件。在附图中,为清楚起见,某些特征的尺寸可以进行变更。
应当理解的是,说明书中的用辞仅用于描述特定的实施例,并不旨在限定本公开。说明书使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)除非另外定义,均具有本领域技术人员通常理解的含义。为简明和/或清楚起见,公知的功能或结构可以不再详细说明。
说明书使用的用辞“包括”、“包含”和“含有”表示存在所声称的特征,但并不排斥存在一个或多个其它特征。说明书使用的用辞“和/或”包括相关列出项中的一个或多个的任意和全部组合。说明书使用的用辞“在X和Y之间”和“在大约X和Y之间”应当解释为包括X和Y。本说明书使用的用辞“在大约X和Y之间”的意思是“在大约X和大约Y之间”,并且本说明书使用的用辞“从大约X至Y”的意思是“从大约X至大约Y”。
在说明书中,称一个元件位于另一元件“上”、“附接”至另一元件、“连接”至另一元件、“耦合”至另一元件、或“接触”另一元件等时,该元件可以直接位于另一元件上、附接至另一元件、连接至另一元件、联接至另一元件或接触另一元件,或者可以存在 中间元件。相对照的是,称一个元件“直接”位于另一元件“上”、“直接附接”至另一元件、“直接连接”至另一元件、“直接耦合”至另一元件或、或“直接接触”另一元件时,将不存在中间元件。在说明书中,一个特征布置成与另一特征“相邻”,可以指一个特征具有与相邻特征重叠的部分或者位于相邻特征上方或下方的部分。
在说明书中,诸如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“高”、“低”等的空间关系用辞可以说明一个特征与另一特征在附图中的关系。应当理解的是,空间关系用辞除了包含附图所示的方位之外,还包含装置在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如,在附图中的装置倒转时,原先描述为在其它特征“下方”的特征,此时可以描述为在其它特征的“上方”。装置还可以以其它方式定向(旋转90度或在其它方位),此时将相应地解释相对空间关系。
在微纳米器件的研究以及半导体芯片的生产工艺中,通常使用基于掩模版的光刻技术来形成期望的器件或芯片结构。为了形成期望的结构,可以根据所要加工的器件或芯片的版图、按照相应的工艺步骤来预先制造一个或多个掩模版,每个掩模版上的图案可以对应于版图中的一个图层或者对应于能够在同一步骤中制备的多个图层。通常,掩模版可以包括能够使用于让抗刻蚀剂(光刻胶)的性质发生改变的紫外光等透过的基板(例如,石英玻璃)和沉积在基板上的、用来阻止上述紫外光透过的镀膜(例如,金属铬膜)。
在一种制造掩模版的方法中,可以在石英玻璃上依次沉积数十纳米厚的铬膜和位于铬膜上的抗刻蚀剂,然后采用激光直写或电子束曝光的方式在抗刻蚀剂上形成所需的图案,之后湿法刻蚀或干法刻蚀从抗刻蚀剂中暴露出的铬,以在铬膜上形成与期望的结构对应的图案。其中,激光直写的方式通常用于形成最小线宽在300nm以上的掩模版,而电子束曝光的方式可以用来形成最小线宽小于300nm的掩模版。
采用上述制备方式,单张掩模版的成本大约在数万美元,而用于完整的器件或芯片生产工艺的整套掩模版的成本可能高达数百万美元。并且,这样的掩模版一旦被制成,其结构就很难再被更改。在传统的应用场景中,包括中央处理器(CPU)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、闪存等芯片的单批次批量通常在数百万甚至上亿的量级,因此可以很好地分摊制造掩模版的成本,从而使得基于掩模版的光刻工艺能够广泛地应用在这些器件或芯片的制造生产中。然而,随着物联网、人工智能、个性化生命健康等产业的发展,目前越来越多地涉及小批量器件或芯片的生产,这些器件或芯片的 数量可能只有几万个或甚至更少。如果预先制备掩模版、再基于掩模版来生产这些器件或芯片,很难通过足够的器件或芯片数量来分摊制造掩模版的成本,导致器件或芯片成本的大幅升高。另外,如果采用激光直写的方式来直接制造这些器件或芯片,一方面其产率很低,难以满足量产的需求,另一方面激光直写的大约300nm的最小线宽也限制了通过缩微器件的方式来提高芯片的集成度、性能和降低芯片的成本。类似地,如果采用电子束曝光的方式来直接制造这些器件或芯片,虽然可以制造出更小尺寸和更高集成度的器件或芯片,但其产率依然极低,难以满足生产要求,且工艺成本也很高,阻碍了器件和芯片的市场渗透。
此外,掩模版中存在的缺陷也可能导致生产器件或芯片的成本的大幅增加。具体而言,如果掩模版中存在小的缺陷,则需要花费时间来进行缺陷的探测和修复;而如果掩模版中存在大的缺陷,则可能不得不废弃整张掩模版。
为了解决上述问题,满足小批量芯片的生产和相关产品向高集成度发展的需求,使得未来物联网、人工智能等技术能够具有更好的社会渗透度,本公开提出了一种可编程、可擦写以重复使用的数字化光刻掩模版。在这样的掩模版中,可以通过控制电解反应层中金属元素的沉积状态来改变掩模版中的相应的像素区域的透光状态,使得同一块掩模版上的图案可以根据需要发生变化,从而实现掩模版的重复利用,进而降低器件或芯片的生产成本。
在本公开的一示例性实施例中,如图1所示,掩模版可以包括电解反应层110、第一控制电路层120和第二控制电路层130。
其中,电解反应层110中的金属元素可以被配置为处于沉积金属状态或溶解离子状态。在一般情况下,当所沉积的金属的厚度达到几十纳米以上,例如20~100nm或50~100nm时,就足以阻挡用来使抗刻蚀剂发生变化的紫外光等曝光光束,换句话说,掩模版中的沉积了金属的相应区域将处于非透光状态。另外,当电解反应层110中的金属元素处于溶解离子状态时,沉积在掩模版的相应区域中的金属的量变少甚至变为没有,因而该区域可以处于透光状态,以使用来让抗刻蚀剂发生变化的紫外光等通过,所通过的紫外光可以曝光器件或芯片的相应区域中的抗刻蚀剂,以帮助形成期望的器件或芯片结构。
在一些实施例中,如图1所示,电解反应层110可以包括电解质层111、第一电解材料层112和第二电解材料层113。当金属元素处于溶解离子状态时,其可以在电 解质层111中移动。通过施加电场,可以使金属离子在电解质层111中按照期望的方向移动,进而沉积到相应的第一电解材料层112或第二电解材料层113上,以形成掩模版中的非透光区域。此外,也可以通过施加反向电场使沉积在第一电解材料层112或第二电解材料层113上的金属溶解为电解质层111中的金属离子,以形成掩模版中的透光区域。
如图1所示,第一电解材料层112可以设于第一控制电路层120与电解质层111之间,而第二电解材料层113可以设于电解质层111与第二控制电路层130之间。在第一控制电路层120和第二控制电路层130的共同作用下,可以控制施加到电解反应层110中的各像素区域的电场,进而改变相应的像素区域的透光状态,如后文中将详细描述的。
在一些实施例中,电解反应层110可以是基于双金属体系的,以具有较好的稳定性,使掩模版可以经历多次状态变化而不被损坏。例如,在基于双金属体系电解反应层的掩模版中,可以在5000次可逆电镀后,依然具有超过6的透光对比度(透光状态下的透光率/不透光状态下的透光率)。
在一具体示例中,电解反应层110可以是基于铜-铅(Cu-Pb)电解体系的。具体地,电解质层111可以包括Cu-Pb电解质,例如包括高氯酸铅(Pb(ClO 4) 2)、氯化铜(CuCl 2)、高氯酸铜(Cu(ClO 4) 2)和高氯酸锂(LiClO 4)。
在另一具体示例中,电解反应层110可以是基于铜-银(Cu-Ag)电解体系的。具体地,电解质层111可以包括Cu-Ag电解质,例如包括高氯酸铜(Cu(ClO 4) 2)、高氯酸银(AgClO 4)和氯化锂(LiCl)。
然而,可以理解的是,在其他实施例中,电解反应层110也可以是基于其他金属的沉积和溶解的,在此不作限制。
在本公开的一些实施例中,掩模版中的电解质层111可以呈固态或液态,换句话说,电解质层111可以包括固体电解质或者液体电解质。在电解质层111为固体电解质的情况下,当移除了施加到掩模版上的电场之后,仍然可以很好地限制其中金属元素的移动,因而掩模版的透光区域和非透光区域也可以被很好地保持。而在电解质层111为液体电解质的情况下,当移除了施加到掩模版上的电场之后,掩模版的透光区域和非透光区域可能发生缓慢的变化,其稳定性相应变差(但可以理解的是,即使稳 定性较差,在通常情况下也是可以满足光刻需求的)。然而同时,在电解质层111为液体电解质的情况下,在产生掩模版上的相应的透光区域和非透光区域的过程中,金属元素可以在液体电解质中更快地移动,从而更快地实现透光状态与非透光状态之间的转换。在实际应用中,可以根据需求来选择相应的电解质层。
在一些实施例中,可以使用对用于光刻的紫外光等透光且具有一定导电性的材料来形成电解反应层110中的第一电解材料层112和第二电解材料层113。在一具体示例中,第一电解材料层112和第二电解材料层113中的一者可以包括导电金刚石、氧化铟锡(ITO)或由铂(Pt)纳米颗粒修饰的ITO。其中,导电金刚石对193~405nm波段内的紫外光是透明的,因此可以用在基于上述波段的紫外光曝光的掩模版中;而ITO对于360~405nm范围内的紫外光是透光的,对更小波长的紫外光具有一定的阻挡作用,因此可以用在基于360~405nm波段的紫外光曝光的掩模版中。进一步地,通过采用Pt纳米颗粒来修饰ITO,可以使金属更均匀地沉积在相应的电解材料层上,进而使掩模版中形成的各个非透光区域对光的阻挡更均匀。此外,第一电解材料层112和第二电解材料层113中的另一者可以包括铂(Pt),以形成对电极。当金属的厚度足够低(例如,10nm左右)时,可以有较好的透光性,以避免对紫外光造成阻挡。
在本公开的一些实施例中,电解反应层110可以呈连续薄膜状。具体而言,电解反应层110中的电解质层111可以包括呈连续薄膜状的电解质材料,第一电解材料层112可以包括呈连续薄膜状的第一电解材料,且第二电解材料层113可以包括呈连续薄膜状的第二电解材料。连续薄膜状的电解反应层110易于被制备在掩模版中,在制造掩模版的过程中也不存在与掩模版中的其他部件(例如,第一控制电路层120中的第一控制电极121和第二控制电路层130中的第二控制电极131)进行对准的问题,因此能够有效地降低掩模版的成本。此外,可以通过采用具有较大电阻率的材料来避免电解反应层110中相邻区域之间的电场干扰,从而能够独立地控制各个区域的透光状态。
然而,在另一些实施例中,为了进一步增强掩模版中各个像素区域之间的隔离性,避免相邻像素区域之间电场的干扰,使每个像素区域内的金属元素仅仅或基本上是被施加到该像素区域中的电场独立控制的,电解反应层110中的一层或多层也可以被设置为呈阵列状(例如,呈矩形阵列状)排布的多个块,且掩模版中的每个像素区域可以包括一个或多个相邻的块(例如,每个像素区域包括一个块,或者每个像素区域包 括2x2共四个彼此相邻的块等)。具体而言,电解质层111可以包括呈阵列状排布的多个电解质材料块,且掩模版中的每个像素区域可以包括一个或多个电解质材料块;和/或第一电解材料层112可以包括呈阵列状排布的多个第一电解材料块,且掩模版中的每个像素区域可以包括一个或多个第一电解材料块;和/或第二电解材料层113可以包括呈阵列状排布的多个第二电解材料块,且掩模版中的每个像素区域可以包括一个或多个第二电解材料块。然而,在这种情况下,在制备掩模版的过程中,通常需要考虑电解反应层110内部各层或电解反应层110与掩模版中的其他部件(例如,第一控制电路层120中的第一控制电极121和第二控制电路层130中的第二控制电极131)之间的对准问题,因而可能导致掩模版成本的上升。
如图1、图2、图3和图5所示,为了控制掩模版中的各个像素区域的透光状态,可以采用类似于数码相机中的电荷耦合器件(CCD)驱动电路或显示器中的显示驱动电路的控制电路来实现。具体而言,第一控制电路层120可以设于电解反应层110的第一侧上,且第一控制电路层120可以包括多个第一控制电极121。类似地,第二控制电路层130可以设于电解反应层110的与第一侧相对的第二侧上,且第二控制电路层130可以包括多个第二控制电极131。第一控制电极121和第二控制电极131中的一者类似于CCD驱动电路或显示驱动电路中的扫描线,而另一者类似于CCD驱动电路或显示驱动电路中的数据线。其中,每个第一控制电极121的至少一部分可以在掩模版的厚度方向上与相应的一个第二控制电极131的至少一部分重叠,这样,掩模版的在第一控制电极121与第二控制电极131的交叉点区域就被该第一控制电极121与该第二控制电极131之间的电场所控制,即这个交叉点处的电解质层111中的金属元素可以在上述电场的作用下移动,它们沉积在第一电解材料层112或第二电解材料层113上,或者从第一电解材料层111或第二电解材料层113上脱离并溶解到电解质层111中,进而改变该交叉点处的透光状态。换句话说,掩模版中的像素区域的透光状态可以被配置为由像素区域中包含的第一控制电极121的至少一部分和第二控制电极131的至少一部分之间的控制电压决定,或者说由像素区域中包含的第一控制电极121的至少一部分和第二控制电极131的至少一部分之间的控制电压的加载历史决定,第一控制电极121的这部分和第二控制电极131的这部分在掩模版的厚度方向上是重叠的,控制电压通过控制电解反应层110中的金属的沉积量来控制像素区域的透光状态。
在一些实施例中,每个交叉点区域可以形成为一个像素区域(例如,图4和图6 中所示的每个最小阴影区域可以被视为一个处于非透光状态下的像素区域)。换句话说,掩模版中的每个像素区域可以包括一个第一控制电极的至少一部分和一个第二控制电极的至少一部分(例如,包括彼此重叠的第一控制电极的一部分和第二控制电极的一部分)。或者,在另一些实施例中,可以由彼此相邻的多个交叉点区域共同形成一个像素区域(例如,如图4和图6所示,包括四个交叉点区域、且由虚线框表示的一个区域可以被视为一个处于非透光状态的像素区域)。换句话说,掩模版中的每个像素区域可以包括多于一个第一控制电极的至少一部分和多于一个第二控制电极的至少一部分(例如,包括两个第一控制电极中各个第一控制电极的一部分和两个第二控制电极中各个第二控制电极的一部分)。
在一些实施例中,如图2、图3和图5所示,多个第一控制电极(H1、H2、H3和H4)中的每个第一控制电极可以分别经由相应的第一开关器件(SH1、SH2、SH3和SH4)连接到控制电源的第一极(例如图中所示的阴极),而多个第二控制电极(V1、V2、V3和V4)中的每个第二控制电极可以分别经由相应的第二开关器件(SV1、SV2、SV3和SV4)连接到控制电源的第二极(例如图中所示的阳极)。这样,可以通过控制每个开关器件的断开或闭合状态来控制施加到每个控制电极上的电压,进而控制掩模版中的相应像素区域的透光状态。此外,如上文所述的,在电解反应层110中,即使所施加的外界电场被移除,相应区域中的金属元素的溶解或沉积状态仍然可以被保持,因此可以通过逐步控制一个或多个第一开关器件以及一个或多个第二开关器件的方式来控制掩模版中的每个像素区域的透光状态。其中,开关器件可以包括场效应晶体管等器件,在此不作限制。在一些实施例中,开关器件可以被共同设置在掩模版的控制电路层中。或者,在另一些实施例中,开关器件可以被设置在掩模版外,以避免对掩模版上各个像素区域的透光状态造成干扰。如下文所述的,在一些实施例中,也可以直接对各个控制电极施加相应的控制信号,而省去开关器件。
在一具体示例中,如图3至图6所示,如果期望在掩模版上形成图6所示的非透光区域(图中所示的阴影部分),那么可以分成两个步骤来完成。
首先,如图3所示,通过闭合开关器件SH1、SH2、SV1和SV2并断开开关器件SH3、SH4、SV3和SV4,使第一控制电极H1和第二控制电极V1的交叉区域中被施加有从第二控制电极V1指向第一控制电极H1的电场,相应地,该区域的电解质层111中的金属离子将向第一控制电极H1移动,进而沉积在该区域的第一电解材料层 112上,这样,掩模版的第一控制电极H1和第二控制电极V1的交叉区域将处于非透光状态。类似地,第一控制电极H1与第二控制电极V2的交叉区域、第一控制电极H2与第二控制电极V1的交叉区域以及第一控制电极H2与第二控制电极V2的交叉区域都将呈现为非透光状态。而在掩模版的其他区域中,由于没有形成如上所述的电场,因此电解质层111中的金属元素可以以离子形式存在,进而使得掩模版的相应区域呈透光状态。综上,可以形成具有如图4所示的图案的掩模版。
然后,如图5所示,通过闭合开关器件SH3、SH4、SV3和SV4并断开开关器件SH1、SH2、SV1和SV2,使第一控制电极H3和第二控制电极V3的交叉区域中被施加有从第二控制电极V3指向第一控制电极H3的电场,相应地,该区域的电解质层111中的金属离子将向第一控制电极H3移动,进而沉积在该区域的第一电解材料层112上,这样,掩模版的第一控制电极H3和第二控制电极V3的交叉区域将处于非透光状态。类似地,第一控制电极H3与第二控制电极V4的交叉区域、第一控制电极H4与第二控制电极V3的交叉区域以及第一控制电极H4与第二控制电极V4的交叉区域都将呈现为非透光状态。而在掩模版的其他区域中,由于没有形成如上所述的电场,因此金属元素可以保持为其原有的状态,也就使得第一控制电极H1与第二控制电极V1的交叉区域、第一控制电极H1与第二控制电极V2的交叉区域、第一控制电极H2与第二控制电极V1的交叉区域以及第一控制电极H2与第二控制电极V2的交叉区域仍然保持为非透光状态,而剩余区域保持为透光状态。综上,可以形成具有如图6所示的图案的掩模版。
在一些实施例中,为了实现对掩模版上的图案的自动控制,可以基于所要形成的一个或多个掩模版图案产生施加到每个第一控制电极上的第一控制信号和施加到每个第二控制电极上的第二控制信号。第一控制信号和第二控制信号可以直接施加到第一控制电极和第二控制电极上,或者可以通过相应的开关器件(如图2、图3和图5所示)施加到第一控制电极和第二控制电极上。通过设置第一控制信号和第二控制信号在每个时间段中的电平状态,可以自动、连续地改变掩模版的其中包含重叠的第一控制电极的至少一部分和第二控制电极的至少一部分的像素区域的透光状态,在一些情况下可以省去开关器件,或者避免手动地改变各个开关器件的闭合或断开状态。
可以理解的是,在其他具体示例中,掩模版中可以包括更多或更少的第一控制电极和第二控制电极。例如,可以在掩模版上形成数目为1000~100000的第一控制电极 和数目为1000~100000数目的第二控制电极,进而形成在1000x1000~100000x100000量级数目的像素区域,在此不作限制。此外,在一些实施例中,根据控制电源的第一极和第二极(阳极和阴极)的方向的不同,金属也可能被沉积在第二电解材料层131上以形成非透光区域,在此不作限制。进一步地,根据期望得到的掩模版图案,可以在形成掩模版图案的每一步骤中分别控制不同数量的、连接到不同的控制电极的开关器件的闭合或断开状态,在此不作限制。
另外,当需要擦除或改变掩模版上的图案,即改变掩模版上的一个或多个像素区域的透光状态,使该掩模版可以用于另一不同结构的制备时,可以将控制电源反向,即对调控制电源的第一极和第二极(阳极和阴极),并结合相应的开关器件的断开或闭合,使得沉积在非透光区域中的金属脱出并溶解到电解质层111中以离子形式存在,从而使得该区域转换为透光状态。
为了简化控制电路层的结构,使用尽可能少的开关器件或控制信号来实现对掩模版中的每个像素区域的透光状态的控制,如图1、图2、图3和图5所示,第一控制电极121可以为沿第一方向延伸的第一条状电极,且多个第一控制电极121可以彼此电隔离地排列在第一控制电路层120中,以使得能够单独控制每个第一控制电极121上施加的电压。类似地,第二控制电极131可以为沿垂直于第一方向的第二方向延伸的第二条状电极,且多个第二控制电极131可以彼此电隔离地排列在第二控制电路层130中,以使得能够单独控制每个第二控制电极131上施加的电压。且通过设置第一条状电极和第二条状电极,可以方便地形成第一控制电极和第二控制电极之间的交叉区域,而无需在制备掩模版的过程中进行复杂的对准。然而可以理解的是,在其他一些实施例中,也可以采用其他形式来布置控制电极131,只要能够独立地控制第一控制电极121和第二控制电极131的在掩模版厚度方向上的重叠部分上所施加的电场,就可以控制每个交叉区域的透光状态,在此不作限制。例如,当掩模版的面积较大时,可以在同一水平方向或竖直方向上设置两个或更多个第一条状电极或第二条状电极,以避免所施加的控制信号在电极的不同区域上的过大衰减等。
在一些实施例中,第一控制电路层120中的被第一控制电极121所占据的区域面积与未被第一控制电极121所占据的区域面积的比例可以为100%~1000%。类似地,第二控制电路层130中的被第二控制电极131所占据的区域面积与未被第二控制电极131所占据的区域面积的比例可以为100%~1000%。一方面,比例越大,控制电极在 相应的控制电路层中所占的区域面积越大,因此当该区域被设置为非透明区域时,其阻挡紫外光的效果可以更好,尤其是在由多个交叉点区域形成一个像素区域的情况下,像素区域中相邻电极之间的空隙更小,因而挡光性能也就更好。但是,由于在同一控制电路层中的控制电极之间的间距较小,可能导致制备控制电极阵列的难度升高,例如由于邻近效应等导致相邻的控制电极之间的间距比设计间距更小或甚至为零,导致相邻的控制电极的短路等情况。另一方面,比例越小,则有助于控制电极阵列的制备难度,但相应地,当同一控制电路层中的控制电极之间的间距较大时,对紫外光的阻挡效果可能会变差,尤其是在由多个交叉点区域形成一个像素区域的情况下,当期望把该像素区域调整为非透光状态时,控制电极之间的空隙可能会导致一定程度的漏光。
在一些实施例中,第一控制电路层120中的被第一控制电极121所占据的区域面积与未被第一控制电极121所占据的区域面积的比例可以等于第二控制电路层130中的被第二控制电极131所占据的区域面积与未被第二控制电极131所占据的区域面积的比例。这样,每个交叉点区域在水平和竖直方向上的分布情况将是基本上相同的,且有助于简化掩模版的制备工艺。
在一些实施例中,第一控制电路层120中的多个第一控制电极121可以呈周期性地排列,类似地,第二控制电路层130中的多个第二控制电极131可以呈周期性地排列。这样,每个交叉点区域或者每个像素区域的大小可以是彼此相等的。进一步地,第一控制电路层120中的多个第一控制电极121的排列周期可以为50nm~50μm,类似地,第二控制电路层130中的多个第二控制电极131的排列周期可以为50nm~50μm。例如,在一具体示例中,第一控制电路层120中的多个第一控制电极121的排列周期可以为5μm,和/或第二控制电路层130中的多个第二控制电极131的排列周期可以为5μm。可以理解的是,控制电极的排列周期越小,掩模版所能达到的图案精度就可以越高,但相应地掩模版的制造工艺可能越难,制造成本可能越高。
在一些实施例中,第一控制电路层120中的多个第一控制电极121的排列周期可以等于第二控制电路层130中的多个第二控制电极131的排列周期。这样,每个交叉点区域在水平和竖直方向上的分布情况将是基本上相同的,且有助于简化掩模版的制备工艺。
为了避免控制电路层对掩模版的透光状态造成干扰,可以采用对紫外光透明且具 有一定导电性的材料来形成第一控制电极121和第二控制电极131。例如,在一些实施例中,第一控制电极121可以包括氧化铟锡(ITO)、铝掺杂的氧化锌、导电金刚石和导电氮化铝(AlN)中的至少一者。类似地,第二控制电极131可以包括氧化铟锡(ITO)、铝掺杂的氧化锌、导电金刚石和导电氮化铝(AlN)中的至少一者。在一些实施例中,第一控制电路层120的厚度可以为10nm~100nm。类似地,第二控制电路层130的厚度可以为10nm~100nm。此外,第一控制电极121的电阻率通常小于电解反应层110的电阻率,且第二控制电极131的电阻率通常也小于电解反应层110的电阻率,这样使得所需的电场可以基本上均匀地分布在控制电极对应的区域中,且避免相邻的交叉点区域或像素区域之间电场的干扰。另外,电解反应层110、第一控制电路层120和第二控制电路层130的总厚度可以在100μm以下,以避免厚度过大导致掩模版的透光状态和非透光状态之间的切换过慢。
此外,在本公开的一些实施例中,如图1所示,掩模版还可以包括基板140,其中第一控制电路层120、电解反应层110和第二控制电路层130可以依次沉积在基板140上。换句话说,基板140可以用作对其上各层的支撑。其中,基板140可以由对紫外光透明的石英玻璃或氟化钙玻璃等制成。
在本公开的掩模版中,利用透明的控制电极阵列来控制其间的电解反应层中的金属和络合离子,实现可逆的金属薄膜电镀,进而实现对掩模版中的各个像素区域的透光状态的调节。这样,可以基于所需的器件或芯片结构的数据文件直写形成相应的掩模版图案,且同一掩模版上的掩模版图案可以擦写,实现了掩模版的可重复使用,提高了掩模版的使用效率,降低了器件或芯片的制造成本,避免了在传统的光刻中掩模版成本过高所导致的一系列问题。在本公开的示例性实施例中,控制电路层中的控制电极阵列的周期可以在100nm甚至更小,结合四倍(4x)缩小的投影曝光可以满足28nm工艺节点的需求,结合双重图形工艺(LELE)方法等技术可以满足14nm甚至更先进工艺节点的需求,从而能够实现集成度高的小批量芯片的可靠且低成本的生产。
在本公开的一示例性实施例中,还提出了一种光刻装置。如图7所示,该光刻装置可以包括如上所述的掩模版100和控制模块200。其中,控制模块200可以被配置为根据版图产生分别施加到多个第一控制电极121的多个第一控制信号和多个第二控 制电极131的多个第二控制信号,以使得掩模版100中的像素区域的透光状态分别与版图中的相应图层对应。具体而言,控制模块200可以包括用于产生与器件或芯片的版图中的一个或多个图层对应的多个掩模版图案、并根据各个掩模版图案产生相应的第一控制信号和第二控制信号的数字控制单元210,以及用于分别根据每组第一控制信号和第二控制信号来改变掩模版中各个像素区域的透光状态的掩模驱动单元220。
在本公开实施例的光刻装置中,如果采用线宽在100nm精度的掩模版结合4x缩小投影和LELE等技术,利用10000x10000的像素区域,每次曝光的面积可以在0.25x0.25mm 2左右。在这种情况下,光刻装置可以经过1600次结合工件台1~2nm级别的定位控制、同步掩模版的动态调节和曝光,实现在10分钟左右的时间内完成对1cm 2级芯片的曝光。在32nm线宽精度,这个曝光速度是最先进的电子束曝光机的100倍以上。综上,可以通过可重复使用、可擦写的仅一块或少数几块掩模版,高效且准确地完成复杂的器件或芯片的制造,降低了器件或芯片的制造成本,有利于器件或芯片的快速更新、批量生产和更好地渗透市场。
在本公开的一示例性实施例中,还提出了一种用于制造掩模版的方法,如图8所示,该方法可以包括:
步骤S810,提供基板;
步骤S820,在基板上形成图案化的第一控制电路层,第一控制电路层包括多个第一控制电极;
步骤S830,在第一控制电路层上形成电解反应层;以及
步骤S840,在电解反应层上形成图案化的第二控制电路层,第二控制电路层包括多个第二控制电极;
其中,掩模版中的像素区域的透光状态被配置为由像素区域中包含的第一控制电极的至少一部分和第二控制电极的至少一部分之间的控制电压决定,控制电压可以通过控制电解反应层中的金属的沉积量来控制像素区域的透光状态。
在形成图案化的第一控制电路层和第二控制电路层的过程中,可以采用激光直写或电子束直写的方式,或者也可以基于另一掩模版采用光刻的方式来形成图案化的第一控制电路层和第二控制电路层。当第一控制电路层和第二控制电路层中的被控制电 极占据的区域面积与未被控制电极占据的区域面积的比例、控制电极阵列的周期等参数相同时,可以采用同一掩模版在不同的方向(例如,彼此垂直的方向)上形成第一控制电路层和第二控制电路层,以降低制造成本。
进一步地,在一些实施例中,在第一控制电路层上形成电解反应层可以包括:
依次将第一电解材料层、电解质层和第二电解材料层层压在一起以形成电解反应层;以及
将电解反应层形成在第一控制电路层上,其中,第一电解材料层位于第一控制电路层与电解质层之间。
其中,当第一电解材料层、电解质层和第二电解材料层呈连续薄膜状时,采用这种方式形成电解反应层将是非常简便且低成本的。而如果第一电解材料层、电解质层和第二电解材料层中存在一定的图案化,则可以采用激光直写、电子束直写或基于另一掩模版的方式来形成相应的图案化的层。如果第一电解材料层、电解质层和第二电解材料层具有相同的图案化方式,则可以先层压形成第一电解材料层、电解质层和第二电解材料层的复合体,再进行图案化处理。
或者,在另一些实施例中,在第一控制电路层上形成电解反应层可以包括:
在第一控制电路层上形成第一电解材料层;
在第一电解材料层上形成电解质层;以及
在电解质层上形成第二电解材料层。
当采用这种方式来形成电解反应层时,可以方便地在每一层中根据需要沉积呈连续薄膜状或图案化的对应材料。
虽然已经描述了本公开的示例性实施例,但是本领域技术人员应当理解的是,在本质上不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下能够对本公开的示范实施例进行多种变化和改变。因此,所有变化和改变均包含在权利要求所限定的本公开的保护范围内。本公开由附加的权利要求限定,并且这些权利要求的等同也包含在内。

Claims (31)

  1. 一种掩模版,包括:
    电解反应层,所述电解反应层中的金属元素被配置为处于沉积金属状态或溶解离子状态;
    第一控制电路层,所述第一控制电路层设于所述电解反应层的第一侧上,且所述第一控制电路层包括多个第一控制电极;以及
    第二控制电路层,所述第二控制电路层设于所述电解反应层的与第一侧相对的第二侧上,且所述第二控制电路层包括多个第二控制电极;
    其中,所述掩模版中的像素区域的透光状态被配置为由所述像素区域中包含的第一控制电极的至少一部分和第二控制电极的至少一部分之间的控制电压决定,所述控制电压通过控制所述电解反应层中的金属的沉积量来控制所述像素区域的透光状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的掩模版,还包括:
    基板,所述第一控制电路层、所述电解反应层和所述第二控制电路层依次沉积在所述基板上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的掩模版,其中,所述基板包括石英和氟化钙中的至少一者。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的掩模版,其中,所述电解反应层包括:
    电解质层;
    第一电解材料层,所述第一电解材料层设于所述第一控制电路层与所述电解质层之间;以及
    第二电解材料层,所述第二电解材料层设于所述电解质层与所述第二控制电路层之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的掩模版,其中,所述电解质层包括铜-铅电解质。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的掩模版,其中,所述电解质层包括高氯酸铅、氯化铜、高氯酸铜和高氯酸锂。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的掩模版,其中,所述电解质层包括铜-银电解质。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的掩模版,其中,所述电解质层包括高氯酸铜、高氯酸银和氯化锂。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的掩模版,其中,所述电解质层包括固体电解质;或
    所述电解质层包括液体电解质。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一电解材料层和所述第二电解材料层中的一者包括导电金刚石、氧化铟锡或由铂纳米颗粒修饰的氧化铟锡。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一电解材料层和所述第二电解材料层中的另一者包括铂。
  12. 根据权利要求4所述的掩模版,其中,所述电解质层包括呈连续薄膜状的电解质材料;
    所述第一电解材料层包括呈连续薄膜状的第一电解材料;和/或
    所述第二电解材料层包括呈连续薄膜状的第二电解材料。
  13. 根据权利要求4所述的掩模版,其中,所述电解质层包括呈阵列状排布的多 个电解质材料块,且所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括一个或多个电解质材料块;
    所述第一电解材料层包括呈阵列状排布的多个第一电解材料块,且所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括一个或多个第一电解材料块;和/或
    所述第二电解材料层包括呈阵列状排布的多个第二电解材料块,且所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括一个或多个第二电解材料块。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的掩模版,其中,所述多个第一控制电极中的每个第一控制电极分别经由相应的第一开关器件连接到控制电源的第一极;以及
    所述多个第二控制电极中的每个第二控制电极分别经由相应的第二开关器件连接到所述控制电源的第二极。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的掩模版,其中,每个第一控制电极分别被配置为接收第一控制信号,且每个第二控制电极分别被配置为接收第二控制信号,以控制其中包含重叠的第一控制电极的至少一部分和第二控制电极的至少一部分的像素区域的透光状态。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一控制电极为沿第一方向延伸的第一条状电极,且所述多个第一控制电极彼此电隔离地排列在所述第一控制电路层中;以及
    所述第二控制电极为沿垂直于第一方向的第二方向延伸的第二条状电极,且所述多个第二控制电极彼此电隔离地排列在所述第二控制电路层中。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的掩模版,其中,所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括一个第一控制电极的至少一部分和一个第二控制电极的至少一部分。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的掩模版,其中,所述掩模版中的每个像素区域包括多 于一个第一控制电极的至少一部分和多于一个第二控制电极的至少一部分。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一控制电路层中的被第一控制电极所占据的区域面积与未被第一控制电极所占据的区域面积的比例为100%~1000%;和/或
    所述第二控制电路层中的被第二控制电极所占据的区域面积与未被第二控制电极所占据的区域面积的比例为100%~1000%。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一控制电路层中的被第一控制电极所占据的区域面积与未被第一控制电极所占据的区域面积的比例等于所述第二控制电路层中的被第二控制电极所占据的区域面积与未被第二控制电极所占据的区域面积的比例。
  21. 根据权利要求16所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一控制电路层中的多个第一控制电极周期性地排列;和/或
    所述第二控制电路层中的多个第二控制电极周期性地排列。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一控制电路层中的多个第一控制电极的排列周期为50nm~50μm;和/或
    所述第二控制电路层中的多个第二控制电极的排列周期为50nm~50μm。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一控制电路层中的多个第一控制电极的排列周期等于所述第二控制电路层中的多个第二控制电极的排列周期。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一控制电极包括氧化铟锡、铝掺杂的氧化锌、导电金刚石和导电氮化铝中的至少一者;和/或
    所述第二控制电极包括氧化铟锡、铝掺杂的氧化锌、导电金刚石和导电氮化铝中的至少一者。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一控制电路层的厚度为10nm~100nm;和/或
    所述第二控制电路层的厚度为10nm~100nm。
  26. 根据权利要求1所述的掩模版,其中,所述第一控制电极的电阻率小于所述电解反应层的电阻率;以及
    所述第二控制电极的电阻率小于所述电解反应层的电阻率。
  27. 根据权利要求1所述的掩模版,其中,所述电解反应层、所述第一控制电路层和所述第二控制电路层的总厚度在100μm以下。
  28. 一种光刻装置,包括:
    根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的掩模版;以及
    控制模块,所述控制模块被配置为根据版图产生分别施加到所述多个第一控制电极的多个第一控制信号和所述多个第二控制电极的多个第二控制信号,以使得所述掩模版中的像素区域的透光状态与所述版图相对应。
  29. 一种用于制造掩模版的方法,包括:
    提供基板;
    在所述基板上形成图案化的第一控制电路层,所述第一控制电路层包括多个第一控制电极;
    在所述第一控制电路层上形成电解反应层;以及
    在所述电解反应层上形成图案化的第二控制电路层,所述第二控制电路层包括多个第二控制电极;
    其中,所述掩模版中的像素区域的透光状态被配置为由所述像素区域中包含的第一控制电极的至少一部分和第二控制电极的至少一部分之间的控制电压决定,所述控制电压通过控制所述电解反应层中的金属的沉积量来控制所述像素区域的透光状态。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中,在所述第一控制电路层上形成电解反应层包括:
    依次将第一电解材料层、电解质层和第二电解材料层层压在一起以形成所述电解反应层;以及
    将所述电解反应层形成在所述第一控制电路层上,其中,所述第一电解材料层位于所述第一控制电路层与所述电解质层之间。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中,在所述第一控制电路层上形成电解反应层包括:
    在所述第一控制电路层上形成第一电解材料层;
    在所述第一电解材料层上形成电解质层;以及
    在所述电解质层上形成第二电解材料层。
PCT/CN2022/126110 2022-04-11 2022-10-19 掩模版、光刻装置和用于制造掩模版的方法 WO2023197550A1 (zh)

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