WO2023197161A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023197161A1
WO2023197161A1 PCT/CN2022/086390 CN2022086390W WO2023197161A1 WO 2023197161 A1 WO2023197161 A1 WO 2023197161A1 CN 2022086390 W CN2022086390 W CN 2022086390W WO 2023197161 A1 WO2023197161 A1 WO 2023197161A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
bottom wall
battery cell
insulating member
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/086390
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
白璐璐
陈新祥
吴宁生
郑挺
周文林
郑于炼
李全坤
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/086390 priority Critical patent/WO2023197161A1/zh
Priority to CN202280034018.6A priority patent/CN117413407A/zh
Publication of WO2023197161A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023197161A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H01M50/529—Intercell connections through partitions, e.g. in a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • lithium-ion batteries are increasingly used in applications, which puts higher requirements on lithium-ion batteries.
  • batteries are required to have better safety performance, and internal short circuit of batteries is one of the main causes of electricity safety problems.
  • a short circuit in the battery will generate excessive electric heat and high temperature, which may cause a fire or burn out electrical appliances, posing a threat to property and life safety. Therefore, how to reduce the risk of battery short circuit has become an urgent issue in the field of battery technology.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment to reduce the risk of internal short circuit of the battery cell.
  • a battery cell including a case, an electrode assembly and a first insulator; the case has an opening and a bottom wall opposite to the opening; the electrode assembly is accommodated in the In the housing; the first insulating member is used to separate the electrode assembly and the bottom wall; wherein, the first insulating member is provided with a first through hole, and along the thickness direction of the bottom wall, the electrode Projections of the component and the first through hole on the bottom wall overlap or do not overlap.
  • the projections of the electrode assembly and the first through hole on the bottom wall partially overlap or do not overlap.
  • the projections of the first through hole on the bottom wall overlap.
  • At least part of the projection is located outside the area covered by the projection of the electrode assembly on the bottom wall, so that the electrode assembly and the first through hole are staggered, and the gap between the electrode assembly and the bottom wall of the housing extends along the thickness direction of the bottom wall
  • the channel is very small or there is no channel extending along the thickness direction of the bottom wall, which reduces the risk that ions from the electrode assembly can reach the case through the first through hole, and reduces the risk that the ions from the electrode assembly reach the case and cause a short circuit of the battery cells.
  • the risk of ions from the electrode assembly reaching the housing is reduced, and the risk of corrosion of the housing caused by contact between the ions and the housing is reduced.
  • the electrode assembly has a first end face disposed facing the bottom wall, and the first end face exposes the pole piece of the electrode assembly.
  • the first end surface exposes the pole piece of the electrode assembly, and the ions of the pole piece can escape from the first end face. Since the first end face faces the bottom wall and is staggered with the first through hole on the first insulating member, Then, the channel extending along the thickness direction of the bottom wall between the electrode assembly and the bottom wall of the housing is very small or there is no channel extending along the thickness direction of the bottom wall, thereby reducing the risk that ions from the electrode assembly can reach the housing through the first through hole. , Reduce the risk of ions from the electrode assembly reaching the case and causing a short circuit of the battery cells. In addition, the risk of ions from the electrode assembly reaching the case is reduced, and it can also reduce the risk of corrosion of the case caused by ions coming into contact with the case.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities, and the first pole piece and the second pole piece are wound around a winding axis.
  • the winding axis is perpendicular to the bottom wall; or, the electrode assembly includes an isolation film, a plurality of first pole pieces and a plurality of second pole pieces, the first pole piece and the second pole piece The polarity is opposite, the plurality of first pole pieces and the plurality of second pole pieces are alternately stacked along the first direction, and the isolation film is continuously bent and includes a plurality of first stacked segments and a plurality of first bends.
  • the electrode assembly includes a plurality of first pole pieces and second poles. piece, the polarity of the first pole piece and the second pole piece is opposite, the second pole piece is continuously bent and includes a plurality of second laminated segments and a plurality of second bending segments, the plurality of The second laminated segments and the plurality of first pole pieces are alternately laminated along the first direction, and each of the second bending segments is used to connect two adjacent second laminated segments.
  • the plurality of second bending segments are The folded sections are distributed at both ends of the electrode assembly along the second direction, and the first direction, the second direction and the thickness direction of the bottom wall are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first pole piece and the second pole of the electrode assembly are wound around the winding axis to form a wound electrode assembly.
  • One end of the electrode assembly along the winding axis exposes the pole piece, and the ions of the pole piece can escape from the electrode assembly along the winding axis.
  • the end of the winding axis facing the bottom wall is detached, the end of the laminated electrode assembly exposed to the pole piece is disposed facing the bottom wall, and the electrode assembly is staggered with the first through hole on the first insulating member, and the electrode assembly and the shell are
  • the channel extending along the thickness direction of the bottom wall between the bottom walls is very small or there is no channel extending along the thickness direction of the bottom wall, reducing the risk that ions from the electrode assembly can reach the shell through the first through hole, and reducing the arrival of ions from the electrode assembly
  • the risk of ions from the electrode assembly reaching the case is reduced, and the risk of corrosion of the case caused by ions coming into contact with the case can also be reduced.
  • the housing has side walls surrounding the bottom wall;
  • the electrode assembly is a rolled electrode assembly and includes a straight portion and a Two bent portions are respectively connected to both ends of the straight portion, and the first through hole is provided between the bent portion and the side wall.
  • the first through hole is provided between the bending part and the side wall, which facilitates the arrangement of the first through hole.
  • the first insulating member is rectangular, and at least one of the four corners of the first insulating member is provided with the first through hole.
  • At least one of the four corners of the first insulating member is provided with a first through hole, which not only facilitates the arrangement of the first through hole, but also facilitates positioning with the assembly device through the first through hole during the process of assembling the battery cells. Avoid interference between the electrode assembly and the assembly device during assembly.
  • the battery cell includes a plurality of electrode assemblies arranged side by side; along the side-by-side direction of the plurality of electrode assemblies, between two adjacent bent portions The first through hole is provided therebetween.
  • a first through hole is provided between two adjacent bending parts to facilitate the arrangement of the first through hole.
  • two groups of first through holes are provided between two adjacent electrode assemblies, and the two groups of first through holes are arranged at intervals, and some of the straight through holes are arranged at intervals. is located between the two groups of first through holes.
  • part of the straight portion is located between the two sets of first through holes, that is, the first through holes are provided at both ends of the straight portion with bent portions, then the straight portions of the two adjacent electrode assemblies They can be arranged closely together without leaving space to avoid the first through hole, making full use of the internal space of the casing, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • part of the straight part is located between the two sets of first through holes, which also makes the through holes more evenly distributed.
  • the housing further includes a side wall surrounding the bottom wall; the battery cell further includes a second insulating member, and the third Two insulators are used to separate the electrode assembly and the side wall.
  • the second insulating member separates the electrode assembly and the side wall to prevent the electrode assembly and the side wall from contacting and causing the battery cell to short-circuit, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the second insulating component is integrally formed with the first insulating component.
  • the second insulating member is integrally formed with the first insulating member, which can better separate the bottom wall of the case and the electrode assembly and the side wall of the case and the electrode assembly, avoid short circuit of the battery cells, and improve the performance of the battery cells. body safety performance.
  • the battery cell further includes a support member, the support member is disposed between the first insulating member and the bottom wall, and the support member corresponds to the first
  • the through hole is provided with a second through hole.
  • the support member is disposed between the first insulating member and the bottom wall, which can raise the position of the electrode assembly relative to the bottom wall, and reduce the connection position of the side wall and the bottom wall of the housing to interfere with the pole piece, causing the pole piece to The risk of wrinkles is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of battery cell short circuit.
  • the support member can be positioned with the assembly device for assembling the battery cells through the second through hole, thereby improving assembly quality.
  • the support member is provided with a second through hole corresponding to the first through hole, which facilitates accurate positioning between the first insulating member and the support member and improves assembly quality.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the first aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the relative relationship between the first insulating member and the electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the relative relationship between the first insulating member and the electrode assembly provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the relative relationship between the first insulating member and the electrode assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the connected first insulating member and the second insulating member provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the first partition and the second partition of the first insulation member after being folded according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of manufacturing equipment for battery cells according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icon 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 10-box; 11-installation space; 12-first part; 13-second part; 20-battery cell; 21-casing; 211-opening; 212-bottom wall ; 213-side wall; 2131-first side wall; 2132-second side wall; 22-electrode assembly; I-straight part; II-bent part; 221-first pole piece; 222-second pole piece ; 2221-the second laminated section; 2222-the second bending section; 223-isolation film; 2231-the first laminated section; 2232-the first bending section; 23-end cap assembly; 231-end cap; 232-electrode Terminal; 233-end cap protector; 24-protective film; 25-current collecting member; 26-first insulator; 261-first through hole; 262-first crease; 27-second insulator; 271- First partition; 272-second partition; 273-second fold; 28-support; 281-second through hole; 200-controller
  • the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this application is commonly placed when used, or the orientation or positional relationship of this application.
  • the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. are only used to distinguish descriptions and shall not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. . As the application fields of power batteries continue to expand, their market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly and a first insulating member.
  • the first insulating member is used to separate the electrode assembly from the bottom wall of the casing to avoid short circuiting between the electrode assembly and the bottom wall of the casing.
  • the first insulating member is provided with a through hole. The through hole is used for positioning in conjunction with an assembly device for assembling the battery cells, thereby positioning the first insulating member on the assembly device to improve assembly quality.
  • the through hole can be blocked by pasting tape on the first insulating member.
  • the tape will fall off if soaked in electrolyte for a long time, causing sealing failure.
  • the ions of the electrode assembly may also react chemically with the casing, causing corrosion of the casing.
  • the battery cell includes a first insulating member for separating the electrode assembly and the bottom wall of the case.
  • the insulating member is provided with a first through hole.
  • the projections of the electrode assembly and the first through hole on the bottom wall do not overlap.
  • the risk of ions reaching the case through the first through hole reduces the risk of ions from the electrode assembly reaching the case and causing a short circuit of the battery cells.
  • the risk of ions from the electrode assembly reaching the case is reduced, and the interaction between the ions and the case is reduced. Risk of casing corrosion due to physical contact.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in, but are not limited to, vehicles, ships, aircraft, and other electrical equipment.
  • the power supply system of the electrical equipment can be composed of the battery cells and batteries disclosed in this application. This will help reduce the risk of ions passing through the through holes and reduce the risk of short circuit inside the battery, thus improving the safety performance of the battery cells.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside a vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300.
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300, for example, for starting, navigation and driving power requirements of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and a battery cell 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 is contained in the case 10 .
  • the box 10 is used to provide an installation space 11 for the battery cells 20 .
  • the box 10 may include a first part 12 and a second part 13 , the first part 12 and the second part 13 covering each other to define an installation space 11 for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the connection between the first part 12 and the second part 13 can be sealed by a sealing member (not shown), and the sealing member can be a sealing ring, sealant, etc.
  • the first part 12 and the second part 13 can be in various shapes, such as cuboid, cylinder, etc.
  • the first part 12 may be open on one side to form a hollow structure having a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the second part 13 may also be open on one side to form a hollow structure having a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the open side of the part 13 is covered with the open side of the first part 12 to form a box 10 having an installation space 11 .
  • the first part 12 is open on one side to form a hollow structure with a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery cells 20, and the second part 13 is a plate-like structure, and the second part 13 covers the open side of the first part 12, Then the box 10 with the installation space 11 is formed.
  • the battery 100 there may be one battery cell 20 or a plurality of battery cells 20. If there are multiple battery cells 20 , the multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be accommodated in the box 10 ; of course, the plurality of battery cells 20 can also be connected in series first. They may be connected in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and be accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes.
  • FIG. 2 exemplarily shows the case where the battery cell 20 is in the shape of a rectangular body.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component (not shown), through which the multiple battery cells 20 may be electrically connected to achieve series, parallel, or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 20 .
  • a bus component (not shown), through which the multiple battery cells 20 may be electrically connected to achieve series, parallel, or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 may include a case 21 , an electrode assembly 22 and an end cap assembly 23 .
  • the housing 21 has an opening 211
  • the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the housing 21
  • the end cap assembly 23 is used to cover the opening 211 .
  • the housing 21 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the shape of the housing 21 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the housing 21 can have a cylindrical structure; if the electrode assembly 22 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the housing 21 can have a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • FIG. 3 exemplarily shows the case where the housing 21 and the electrode assembly 22 are square.
  • the housing 21 can also be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the outer surface of the housing 21 is further provided with a protective film 24 , and the protective film 24 covers the outer surface of the housing 21 .
  • the protective film 24 can play the roles of insulation and high temperature resistance.
  • the protective film 24 may be a blue film.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may include a positive electrode sheet (not shown), a negative electrode sheet (not shown), and an isolation film 223 (not shown).
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a rolled structure formed by winding the positive electrode sheet, the isolation film 223 and the negative electrode sheet, or may be a stacked structure formed by a stacked arrangement of the positive electrode sheet, the isolation film 223 and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 22 also includes a positive electrode tab (not shown in the figure) and a negative electrode tab (not shown in the figure), which can be a positive electrode current collector in a positive electrode sheet that is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode tab can be a negative electrode sheet.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the end cap assembly 23 includes an end cap 231 and an electrode terminal 232.
  • the electrode terminal 232 is disposed with the end cap 231.
  • the end cap 231 is used to cover the opening 211 of the housing 21 to form a sealed accommodation space (not shown), and the accommodation space is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the accommodation space is also used to accommodate electrolytes, such as electrolytes.
  • the end cap assembly 23 serves as a component for outputting electrical energy from the electrode assembly 22.
  • the electrode terminals 232 in the end cap assembly 23 are used to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 22, that is, the electrode terminals 232 are electrically connected to the tabs of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the electrode terminals 232 and the tab are connected through the current collecting member 25 to realize the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 232 and the tab.
  • the opening 211 of the housing 21 may be one or two. If the opening 211 of the housing 21 is one, the end cover assembly 23 can also be one, and the end cover assembly 23 can be provided with two electrode terminals 232, and the two electrode terminals 232 are respectively used to connect the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode of the electrode assembly 22. The tabs are electrically connected, and the two electrode terminals 232 in the end cover assembly 23 are respectively the positive electrode terminal 232 and the negative electrode terminal 232. If the number of openings 211 of the housing 21 is two, for example, the two openings 211 are provided on opposite sides of the housing 21, there can also be two end cover assemblies 23, and the two end cover assemblies 23 are respectively covered with the housing 21. There are two openings 211.
  • the electrode terminal 232 in one end cover assembly 23 may be a positive electrode terminal 232 for electrical connection with the positive tab of the electrode assembly 22; the electrode terminal 232 in the other end cover assembly 23 may be a negative electrode.
  • the electrode terminal 232 is used for electrical connection with the negative electrode piece of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the end cap assembly 23 further includes an end cap protector 233, which is installed on the surface of the end cap 231 to protect the end cap 231.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a housing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 and a first insulator 26 ; the housing 21 has an opening 211 and a bottom wall 212 opposite to the opening 211 ; the electrode assembly 22 Contained in the housing 21; the first insulating member 26 is used to separate the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212; wherein the first insulating member 26 is provided with a first through hole 261, along the thickness direction of the bottom wall 212, the electrode assembly 22 and The projections of the first through holes 261 on the bottom wall 212 may overlap or not overlap.
  • the opening 211 of the housing 21 is opposite to the bottom wall 212 in the thickness direction X of the bottom wall.
  • the electrode assembly 22 enters the housing 21 through the opening 211 .
  • the first insulating member 26 is located between the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212 .
  • the first insulating member 26 is used to separate the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212 , which means that the first insulating member 26 is located between the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212 so that the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212 cannot contact to avoid the electrode assembly. 22 and the bottom wall 212 cause the battery cells 20 to short-circuit.
  • the projections of the electrode assembly 22 and the first through hole 261 on the bottom wall 212 partially overlap, which means that along the thickness direction If the portion is outside the area covered by the projection of the electrode assembly 22 on the bottom wall 212, the channel extending along the thickness direction X of the bottom wall between the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212 of the housing 21 is very small.
  • the projections of the electrode assembly 22 and the first through hole 261 on the bottom wall 212 do not overlap, which means that along the thickness direction All are located outside the area covered by the projection of the electrode assembly 22 on the bottom wall 212, then there is no channel extending along the thickness direction X of the bottom wall between the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212 of the housing 21, which is equivalent to eliminating the electrode A linear ion channel between component 22 and bottom wall 212.
  • the projections of the electrode assembly 22 and the first through hole 261 on the bottom wall 212 partially overlap or do not overlap.
  • At least part of the projection on 212 is located outside the area covered by the projection of the electrode assembly 22 on the bottom wall 212, so that the electrode assembly 22 and the first through hole 261 are staggered, then the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212 of the housing 21
  • the channels extending along the thickness direction X of the bottom wall are very small or there are no channels extending along the thickness direction.
  • the risk of ions from the electrode assembly 22 reaching the case 21 is reduced, and the risk of corrosion of the case 21 caused by ions contacting the case 21 can also be reduced.
  • the first through hole 261 is used to cooperate with the assembly device 2200 for assembling the battery cell 20, thereby positioning the first insulating member 26 on the assembly device 2200, so as to improve the assembly quality.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a first end surface (not shown in the figure) facing the bottom wall 212 , and the first end surface exposes the pole piece of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the isolation film 223 of the electrode assembly 22 is used to separate the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to prevent the electrode assembly 22 from short circuiting due to contact between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the first end face of the pole piece of the electrode assembly 22 is exposed, which means that the first end face of the pole piece is not covered by the isolation film, and the ions of the electrode assembly 22 can move from the first end face toward the bottom wall 212 .
  • the tabs of the electrode assembly 22 are located on the second end face opposite to the first end face. The end of the electrode assembly 22 with the tab is not covered by the isolation film 223 .
  • the tabs of the electrode assembly 22 are disposed toward the opening 211 of the housing 21 , and the first end surface of the electrode assembly 22 is disposed toward the bottom wall 212 . Then, the tabs are located at the second end opposite to the first end surface, which facilitates the placement of the tabs of the electrode assembly 22 . It is arranged facing the opening 211 of the housing 21 . It can be understood that for the electrode assembly 22 with a single-sided tab, the end of the electrode assembly 22 opposite to the tab is not covered by the isolation film 223 .
  • the end of the electrode assembly 22 that is not provided with tabs and is not covered by the isolation film 223 faces the bottom wall 212 , that is, the first end face exposes the pole piece of the electrode assembly 22 , then the ions of the pole piece can escape from the first end face, because the first end face If the end surface faces the bottom wall 212 and is staggered from the first through hole 261 on the first insulating member 26 , the channel extending along the thickness direction X of the bottom wall between the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212 of the housing 21 is very small. Or there is no channel extending along the thickness direction In addition, the risk of ions from the electrode assembly 22 reaching the housing 21 is reduced, and the risk of corrosion of the housing 21 caused by ions contacting the housing 21 can also be reduced.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may have various forms, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 includes a first pole piece 221 and a second pole piece 222 with opposite polarities.
  • Sheet 222 is wound about a winding axis perpendicular to bottom wall 212 .
  • the isolation film 223 is used to separate the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222.
  • the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 are wound around the winding axis to form a wound electrode assembly.
  • both axial ends of the electrode assembly 22 are not covered by the isolation film 223 , so that the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 are evenly spaced along both axial ends of the electrode assembly 22 . exposed.
  • All tabs of the electrode assembly 22 are located at one axial end of the electrode assembly 22 facing the opening 211 (the second end face), and the other axial end of the electrode assembly 22 is disposed facing the bottom wall 212 (the first end face), so that the electrode assembly 22
  • the winding axis is perpendicular to the bottom wall 212 (the extension direction of the winding axis is consistent with the thickness direction X of the bottom wall), which facilitates the connection between the tabs and the electrode terminals 232 on the end cap.
  • the ions of the electrode assembly 22 can move toward the bottom wall 212 along the extension direction of the winding axis.
  • the projection of the electrode assembly 22 on the bottom wall 212 and the first through hole 261 along the thickness direction X of the bottom wall If the projections on the wall 212 do not overlap, then there is no channel extending along the thickness direction , which reduces the risk that ions from the electrode assembly 22 can reach the case 21 through the first through hole 261 and reduces the risk that the ions from the electrode assembly 22 reach the case 21 and cause a short circuit of the battery cell 20 . In addition, the risk that the ions from the electrode assembly 22 reach the case 21 is reduced. The risk of the casing 21 is reduced, and the risk of corrosion of the casing 21 caused by ions contacting the casing 21 can also be reduced.
  • the electrode assembly 22 includes an isolation film 223 , a plurality of first pole pieces 221 and a plurality of second pole pieces 222 .
  • the first pole pieces 221 and the second pole pieces 222 have polarity.
  • a plurality of first pole pieces 221 and a plurality of second pole pieces 222 are alternately stacked along the first direction Y, and the isolation film 223 is continuously bent and includes a plurality of first stacked sections 2231 and a plurality of first bent sections 2232, Each first bending section 2232 is used to connect two adjacent first laminated sections 2231.
  • a plurality of first bending sections 2232 are distributed at both ends of the electrode assembly 22 along the second direction Z.
  • the first direction Y, The second direction Z is perpendicular to the thickness direction X of the bottom wall.
  • the plurality of first pole pieces 221 are each independent, and the plurality of second pole pieces 222 are each independent.
  • the isolation film 223 is a continuous strip structure.
  • a second pole piece 222 is disposed between two adjacent first pole pieces 221, and a first pole piece 221 is disposed between two adjacent second pole pieces 222, so that multiple The first pole pieces 221 and a plurality of second pole pieces 222 are alternately stacked along the first direction Y.
  • a first laminated section 2231 is provided between the adjacent first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222, and the two adjacent first laminated sections 2231 are connected by a first looper section.
  • Parts of the plurality of first bending segments 2232 are distributed at one end of the electrode assembly 22 along the second direction Z, and other parts of the plurality of first bending segments 2232 are distributed at the other end of the electrode assembly 22 along the second direction Z.
  • the plurality of first bent sections 2232 cover both ends of the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 along the second direction Z. Both ends of the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 along the third direction are not covered by the isolation film 223 , so that both ends of the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 along the third direction are exposed.
  • the end of the electrode assembly 22 along the third direction that is not provided with tabs is disposed facing the bottom wall 212 .
  • the first direction Y, the second direction Z and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and the third direction is consistent with the thickness direction X of the bottom wall.
  • the two ends of the electrode assembly 22 along the thickness direction The directions of the two ends of the cover are consistent with the thickness direction
  • the electrode assembly 22 includes a plurality of first pole pieces 221 and second pole pieces 222 .
  • the first pole pieces 221 and the second pole pieces 222 have opposite polarities.
  • the second pole pieces 221 have opposite polarities.
  • the sheet 222 is continuously bent and includes a plurality of second laminated sections 2221 and a plurality of second bent sections 2222.
  • the plurality of second laminated sections 2221 and the plurality of first pole pieces 221 are alternately laminated along the first direction Y, and each second The bent sections 2222 are used to connect two adjacent second laminated sections 2221.
  • a plurality of second bent sections 2222 are distributed at both ends of the electrode assembly 22 along the second direction Z.
  • the first direction Y, the second direction Z and The thickness direction X of the bottom wall is perpendicular to each other.
  • the plurality of first pole pieces 221 are independent, and the second pole pieces 222 and the isolation film 223 are both continuous strip structures.
  • a plurality of second laminated sections 2221 are stacked along the first direction Y, and two adjacent second laminated sections 2221 are connected by the second bending section 2222.
  • a second laminated segment 2221 is disposed between two adjacent first pole pieces 221
  • a first pole piece 221 is disposed between two adjacent second laminated segments 2221, so that multiple The second stacked sections 2221 and the plurality of first pole pieces 221 are alternately stacked along the first direction Y.
  • the isolation film 223 separates the second pole piece 222 and the plurality of first pole pieces 221.
  • the isolation film 223 is continuously bent and includes a plurality of first laminated sections 2231 and a plurality of first bent sections 2232. Adjacent first laminated sections A first laminated section 2231 is provided between 2231 and the first pole piece 221. The two adjacent first laminated sections 2231 are connected through the first bending section 2232. The first bending section 2232 is wrapped in the second bending section. The outside of 2222. The plurality of first bent sections 2232 cover both ends of the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 along the second direction Z.
  • Both ends of the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 along the third direction are not covered by the isolation film 223 , so that both ends of the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 along the third direction are exposed.
  • the end of the electrode assembly 22 along the third direction that is not provided with tabs is disposed facing the bottom wall 212 .
  • the first direction Y, the second direction Z and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and the third direction is consistent with the thickness direction X of the bottom wall.
  • the two ends of the electrode assembly 22 along the thickness direction The directions of the two ends of the cover are consistent with the thickness direction
  • the housing 21 has side walls 213, and the side walls 213 are surrounding the bottom wall 212;
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a rolled electrode assembly and includes a straight portion 1 and two The two bent portions II are respectively connected to both ends of the straight portion I, and the first through hole 261 is provided between the bent portion II and the side wall 213 .
  • the first through hole 261 is provided between the bent portion II and the side wall 213 , which means that the first through hole 261 is provided in the space surrounded by the outer peripheral surface of the bent portion II and the inner surface of the side wall 213 .
  • the first through hole 261 may also be disposed between the flat area and the side wall 213 .
  • the first through hole 261 is provided between the bending portion II and the side wall 213 to facilitate the arrangement of the first through hole 261.
  • the first insulating member 26 has a variety of shapes. For example, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4 , the first insulating member 26 is rectangular, and at least one of the four corners of the first insulating member 26 is provided with a first through hole. 261.
  • one or more first through holes 261 may be provided on the bottom wall 212.
  • a plurality refers to two or more.
  • Figure 4 shows a situation where a plurality of first through holes 261 are provided on the bottom wall 212.
  • the number of the first through holes 261 is two, and the two first through holes 261 are provided on the first insulating member.
  • Two diagonal corners among the four corners of 26 are provided to improve the stability of positioning and matching of the first insulating member 26 with the assembly device 2200 through the first through hole 261 .
  • first through hole 261 may be provided between the bent portions II of 22 .
  • the outer contour of the first insulating member 26 may also be in a shape matching the outer contour of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • At least one of the four corners of the first insulating member 26 is provided with a first through hole 261, which not only facilitates the arrangement of the first through hole 261, but also facilitates positioning with the assembly device 2200 through the first through hole 261 during the process of assembling the battery cell 20. , to avoid interference between the electrode assembly 22 and the assembly device 2200 (shown in FIG. 15 ) during the assembly process.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a plurality of electrode assemblies 22 arranged side by side; along the side-by-side direction of the plurality of electrode assemblies 22 , between two adjacent bending portions II A first through hole 261 is provided.
  • the arrangement direction of the two bent portions II of the electrode assembly 22 is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the plurality of electrode assemblies 22 .
  • One first through hole 261 may be provided between two adjacent bent portions II, or multiple first through holes 261 may be provided. Among them, multiple means two or more.
  • the first through hole 261 may be provided between every two adjacent bent portions II, or the first through hole 261 may be provided between two partially adjacent bent portions II.
  • first through hole 261 is provided between two adjacent bent portions II
  • at least one of the four corners of the rectangle of the first insulating member 26 may also be provided with the first through hole 261 (as shown in FIG. 8 shown).
  • the first through hole 261 may be provided only between two adjacent bending parts II (as shown in FIG. 9 ).
  • a first through hole 261 is provided between two adjacent bent portions II to facilitate the arrangement of the first through hole 261.
  • two groups of first through holes 261 are provided between two adjacent electrode assemblies 22.
  • the two groups of first through holes 261 are spaced apart, and the partial straight portion I is located between the two groups of first through holes 261. between.
  • Each group includes a plurality of first through holes 261 .
  • Some of the first through holes 261 in the group of first through holes 261 in the two adjacent electrode assemblies 22 are disposed at one end of the straight area, and the other part of the first through holes 261 is located at one end of the straight area. 261 is disposed at the other end of the straight area, so that part of the straight portion 1 is located between the two first through holes 261.
  • first through holes 261 in each group of first through holes 261 are respectively provided at both ends of the straight portion I with the bent portion II, then one of the straight portions I of the two adjacent electrode assemblies 22
  • the space can be arranged closely, without leaving space to avoid the first through hole 261, making full use of the internal space of the casing 21, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • part of the straight portion I is located between the two first through holes 261, which also makes the distribution of the through holes more uniform.
  • the housing 21 also includes a side wall 213, which is surrounded by the bottom wall 212; the battery cell 20 also includes a second insulating member 27, The insulator 27 is used to separate the electrode assembly 22 and the side wall 213 .
  • the second insulating member 27 can be fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the electrode assembly 22 or can be fixed on the inner wall of the side wall 213 .
  • the second insulating member 27 is used to separate the electrode assembly 22 and the side wall 213 , which means that the second insulating member 27 is disposed between the electrode assembly 22 and the side wall 213 to avoid contact between the electrode assembly 22 and the side wall 213 of the housing 21 . Prevent the battery cells 20 from being short-circuited.
  • the second insulator 27 separates the electrode assembly 22 and the side wall 213 to prevent the electrode assembly 22 and the side wall 213 from contacting and causing the battery cell 20 to short-circuit, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 20 .
  • the second insulating member 27 and the first insulating member 26 are integrally formed.
  • the second insulating member 27 may be provided separately from the first insulating member 26 , or the first insulating member 26 and the second insulating member 27 may be connected as a whole.
  • the second insulating member 27 is integrally formed with the first insulating member 26, which can better separate the bottom wall 212 of the case 21 and the electrode assembly 22, as well as the side wall 213 of the case 21 and the electrode assembly 22, to avoid short circuit of the battery cells 20. To improve the safety performance of the battery cell 20 .
  • the side walls 213 include two first side walls 2131 arranged oppositely along the fourth direction M and two second side walls 2132 arranged oppositely along the fifth direction N;
  • the second insulation member 27 includes two first partitions 271 and a second partition 272 .
  • the two first partitions 271 are connected to both ends of the first insulation member 26 along the fourth direction M.
  • Each first partition 271 Both ends along the fifth direction N are connected with second partitions 272 .
  • the two first partitions 271 are used to separate the two first side walls 2131 and the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the second partitions 272 are used to separate the second side walls.
  • the wall 2132 and the electrode assembly 22 are perpendicular to each other in the fourth direction M, the fifth direction N and the thickness direction X of the bottom wall.
  • the first partition 271 is foldably connected to the first insulating member 26, and the first partition 271 is folded relative to the first insulating member 26 around the first crease 262, so that the first partition 271 and the first insulating member can be connected to each other.
  • Part 26 is in a vertical position.
  • the second partition 272 is foldably connected to the first partition 271 .
  • the second partition 272 is folded around the second fold 273 relative to the first partition 271 , so that the first partition 271 and the second partition 272 can be folded together. in vertical position.
  • the second partition 272 located at the same end of the two first partitions 271 along the fifth direction N can be overlapped or not overlapped relative to the first partition 271 to jointly separate the second side wall 2132 and the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the fifth direction N may be the same as the arrangement direction of the two bent portions II of the electrode assembly 22 , or may be different.
  • the fourth direction M is the same direction in which the plurality of electrode assemblies 22 are arranged side by side.
  • the two first partitions 271 are respectively located at both ends of the overall structure formed by the plurality of electrode assemblies 22 along the side-by-side direction.
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a support member 28.
  • the support member 28 is disposed between the first insulating member 26 and the bottom wall 212.
  • the support member 28 is provided with a corresponding first through hole 261.
  • the support member 28 can be provided separately from the first insulating member 26 , and the support member 28 and the first insulating member 26 can also be provided separately and then connected to form an integral structure.
  • the supporting member 28 and the first insulating member 26 may also be integrally formed.
  • the support member 28 can be positioned with the assembly device 2200 for assembling the battery cell 20 through the second through hole 281 to improve the assembly quality.
  • the support member 28 is provided with a second through hole 281 corresponding to the first through hole 261. It can be understood that the first through hole 261 and the second through hole 281 are coaxially arranged to facilitate accurate positioning between the first insulating member 26 and the support member 28. , improve assembly quality.
  • the support member 28 is disposed between the first insulating member 26 and the bottom wall 212 to raise the position of the electrode assembly 22 relative to the bottom wall 212 and reduce the connection position of the side wall 213 and the bottom wall 212 of the housing 21 from interfering with the pole piece. This causes the risk of wrinkles on the pole pieces, thereby reducing the risk of short circuiting the battery cells 20 .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 100.
  • the battery 100 includes the battery cell 20 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device.
  • the electrical device includes the battery cell 20 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery cell 20 provides electrical energy for electrical equipment. There is no channel extending along the thickness direction The risk that ions can reach the case 21 through the first through hole 261 reduces the risk that the ions of the electrode assembly 22 reach the case 21 and cause the battery cell 20 to short-circuit, thereby improving the electrical safety of electrical equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment 2000.
  • the battery cell manufacturing equipment 2000 includes a providing device 2100 and an assembly device 2200; the providing device 2100 is configured to provide a case 21, an electrode assembly 22 and the first insulating member 26, the housing 21 has an opening 211 and a bottom wall 212 opposite to the opening 211; the assembly device 2200 is configured to accommodate the first insulating member 26 and the electrode assembly 22 in the housing 21, so that The first insulating member 26 separates the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212; wherein, the first insulating member 26 is provided with a first through hole 261.
  • the projections on do not overlap.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a method of manufacturing the battery cell 20.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell 20 includes:
  • the housing 21 has an opening 211 and a bottom wall 212 opposite to the opening 211;
  • the first insulating member 26 is provided with a first through hole 261. Along the thickness direction X of the bottom wall, the projections of the electrode assembly 22 and the first through hole 261 on the bottom wall 212 do not overlap.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a case 21, an electrode assembly 22, a first insulating member 26 and a second insulating member 27.
  • the housing 21 includes a bottom wall 212 and a side wall 213.
  • the side wall 213 is surrounding the outer circumference of the bottom wall 212 and connected to the bottom wall 212; the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the housing 21; the first insulating member 26 is used to separate the electrode assembly. 22 and the bottom wall 212, the second insulating member 27 is used to separate the electrode assembly 22 and the side wall 213.
  • the first insulating member 26 and the second insulating member 27 are integrally formed.
  • the first insulating member 26 is provided with a first through hole 261.
  • the projections of the electrode assembly 22 and the first through hole 261 on the bottom wall 212 do not overlap. Eliminates the linear ion channel between the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall 212, reduces the risk that ions from the electrode assembly 22 can reach the case 21 through the first through hole 261, and reduces the risk of battery cells caused by ions from the electrode assembly 22 reaching the case 21. The risk of short circuit of the body 20 is reduced. In addition, the risk of ions from the electrode assembly 22 reaching the housing 21 is reduced, and the risk of corrosion of the housing 21 caused by ions contacting the housing 21 can also be reduced.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，涉及电池技术领域。电池单体包括壳体、电极组件和第一绝缘件；壳体具有开口和与开口相对的底壁；电极组件容纳于壳体内；第一绝缘件用于分隔电极组件和底壁；第一绝缘件设有第一通孔，沿底壁的厚度方向，电极组件和第一通孔在底壁上的投影部分重叠或不重叠。电极组件和第一通孔错开设置，则电极组件和壳体的底壁之间没有沿底壁的厚度方向延伸的通道，消除电极组件和底壁之间的直线型离子通道，降低电极组件的离子到达壳体而导致电池单体短路的风险。电极组件的离子到达壳体的风险降低，降低离子与壳体接触后导致壳体腐蚀的风险。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
目前，智能手机、平板电脑和电动汽车等的迅猛发展，锂离子电池的应用也日益广泛，因此对锂离子电池也提出了更高的要求。比如，要求电池具有更好的安全性能，而电池的内部短路是导致用电安全问题的主要原因之一。
电池短路会产生过多的电热，产生高温，可能会造成火灾，也可能会烧坏用电器，使得财产和生命安全受到威胁。因此，如何降低电池短路的风险成为电池技术领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，以降低电池单体内部短路的风险。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括壳体、电极组件和第一绝缘件；所述壳体具有开口和与所述开口相对的底壁；所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内；所述第一绝缘件用于分隔所述电极组件和所述底壁；其中，所述第一绝缘件设有第一通孔，沿所述底壁的厚度方向，所述电极组件和所述第一通孔在所述底壁上的投影部分重叠或不重叠。
上述技术方案中，沿底壁的厚度方向，电极组件和第一通孔在底壁上的投影部分重叠或者不重叠，换句话说，沿底壁的厚度方向，第一通孔在底壁上的投影的至少部分位于电极组件在底壁上的投影的覆盖的区域之外，使得电极组件和第一通孔错开设置，则电极组件和壳体的底壁之间沿底壁的厚度方向延伸的通道很小或者没有沿底壁的厚度方向延伸的通道，降低电极组件的离子能够通过第一通孔到达壳体的风险，降低电极组件的离子到达壳体而导致电池单体短路的风险，此外，电极组件的离子到达壳体的风险降低，还能降低离子与壳体接触后导致壳体腐蚀的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述电极组件具有面向所述底壁设置的第一端面，所述第一端面露出所述电极组件的极片。
上述技术方案中，第一端面露出电极组件的极片，则极片的离子能够从第一端面脱离，由于第一端面面向底壁，并与第一绝缘件上的第一通孔错开设置，则电极组件和壳体的底壁之间沿底壁的厚度方向延伸的通道很小或者没有沿底壁的厚度方向延伸的通道，降低电极组件的离子能够通过第一通孔到达壳体的风险，降低电极组件的离子到达壳体而导致电池单体短路的风险，此外，电极组件的离子到达壳体的风险降低，还能降低离子与壳体接触后导致壳体腐蚀的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述电极组件包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕，所述卷绕轴线垂直于所述底壁；或，所述电极组件包括隔离膜、多个第一极片和多个第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片极性相反，所述多个第一极片和所述多个第二极片沿第一方向交替层叠，所述隔离膜连续弯折且包括多个第一层叠段和多个第一弯折段，各所述第一弯折段用于连接相邻的两个所述第一层叠段，所述多个第一弯折段分布于所述电极组件沿第二方向的两端，所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述底壁的厚度方向两两垂直；或，在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述电极组件包括多个第一极片和第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片的极性相反，所述第二极片连续弯折且包括多个第二层叠段和多个第二弯折段，所述多个第二层叠段和所述多个第一极片沿第一方向交替层叠，各所述第二弯折段用于连接相邻的两个所述第二层叠段，所述多个第二弯折段分布于所述电极组件沿第二方向的两端，所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述底壁的厚度方向两两垂直。
上述技术方案中，电极组件的第一极片和第二极绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成卷绕式电极组件，电极组件沿卷绕轴线的一端露出极片，极片的离子能够从电极组件沿卷绕轴线的面向底壁的一端脱离，叠片式电极组件的露出极片的一端面向底壁设置，且电极组件与第一绝缘件上的第一通孔错开 设置，电极组件和壳体的底壁之间沿底壁的厚度方向延伸的通道很小或者没有沿底壁的厚度方向延伸的通道，降低电极组件的离子能够通过第一通孔到达壳体的风险，降低电极组件的离子到达壳体而导致电池单体短路的风险，此外，电极组件的离子到达壳体的风险降低，还能降低离子与壳体接触后导致壳体腐蚀的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述壳体具有侧壁，所述侧壁围设于所述底壁的周围；所述电极组件为卷绕式电极组件且包括平直部和两个弯折部，两个所述弯折部分别连接于所述平直部的两端，所述第一通孔设置于所述弯折部和所述侧壁之间。
上述技术方案中，第一通孔设置于弯折部和侧壁之间，方便第一通孔的布置。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述第一绝缘件为矩形，所述第一绝缘件的四角中的至少一角设有所述第一通孔。
上述技术方案中，第一绝缘件的四角中的至少一角设有第一通孔，既方便布置第一通孔，在组装电池单体的过程，便于通过第一通孔与组装装置进行定位，避免组装过程中电极组件和组装装置干涉。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述电池单体包括并排布置的多个所述电极组件；沿多个所述电极组件的并排方向，相邻的两个所述弯折部之间设有所述第一通孔。
上述技术方案中，相邻的两个弯折部之间设有第一通孔，方便第一通孔的布置。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，相邻的两个所述电极组件之间设有两组所述第一通孔，两组所述第一通孔间隔布置，部分所述平直部位于两组所述第一通孔之间。
上述技术方案中，部分平直部位于两组第一通孔之间，即第一通孔设置在平直部设置有弯折部的两端，则相邻的两个电极组件的平直部之间可以紧贴设置，不需要留出空间避让第一通孔，充分利用壳体的内部空间，有利于提高电池单体的能量密度。且部分平直部位于两组所述第一通孔之间，还使得通孔分布更加均匀，在组装电池单体的过程中，若通过第一通孔定位第一绝缘件，能够提高定位的稳定性和定位精度，提高电池单体的组装质量。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述壳体还包括侧壁，所述侧壁围设于所述底壁的周围；所述电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件用于分隔所述电极组件和所述侧壁。
上述技术方案中，第二绝缘件分隔电极组件和侧壁，避免电极组件和侧壁接触导致电池单体短路，以提高电池单体的安全性。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述第二绝缘件与所述第一绝缘件一体成型。
上述技术方案中，第二绝缘件与第一绝缘件一体成型，能够更好的分隔壳体的底壁和电极组件以及壳体的侧壁和电极组件，避免电池单体短路，以提高电池单体的安全性能。
在申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括支撑件，所述支撑件设置于所述第一绝缘件和所述底壁之间，所述支撑件对应所述第一通孔设有第二通孔。
上述技术方案中，支撑件设置于第一绝缘件和底壁之间，能够抬高电极组件相对底壁的位置，降低壳体的侧壁和底壁的连接位置与极片干涉而导致极片打皱的风险，从而降低电池单体短路的风险。支撑件可以通过第二通孔与组装电池单体的组装装置定位，提高组装质量。支撑件对应第一通孔设有第二通孔，便于第一绝缘件和支撑件之间定位准确，提高组装质量。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括第一方面实施例提供的电池单体。
上述技术方案中，电池单体的电极组件和壳体的底壁之间没有沿底壁的厚度方向延伸的通道，消除电极组件和底壁之间的直线型离子通道，降低电极组件的离子能够通过第一通孔到达壳体的风险，降低电极组件的离子到达壳体而导致电池单体短路的风险，从而提高电池的安全性能。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括第一方面实施例提供的电池单体。
上述技术方案中，电池单体的电极组件和壳体的底壁之间没有沿底壁的厚度方向延伸的通 道，消除电极组件和底壁之间的直线型离子通道，降低电极组件的离子能够通过第一通孔到达壳体的风险，降低电极组件的离子到达壳体而导致电池单体短路的风险，从而提高用电设备的用电安全。第一
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的第一绝缘件和电极组件的相对关系示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图6为本申请另一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图7为本申请又一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的第一绝缘件和电极组件的相对关系示意图；
图9为本申请又一些实施例提供的第一绝缘件和电极组件的相对关系示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的壳体的结构示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的连接后的第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件的结构示意图；
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的第一绝缘件的第一分隔部和第二分隔部翻折后的结构示意图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的局部剖视图；
图14为本申请一些实施例提供电池单体的制造设备的结构示意图；
图15为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程框图。
图标：1000-车辆；100-电池；10-箱体；11-安装空间；12-第一部分；13-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-壳体；211-开口；212-底壁；213-侧壁；2131-第一侧壁；2132-第二侧壁；22-电极组件；I-平直部；II-弯折部；221-第一极片；222-第二极片；2221-第二层叠段；2222-第二弯折段；223-隔离膜；2231-第一层叠段；2232-第一弯折段；23-端盖组件；231-端盖；232-电极端子；233-端盖保护件；24-保护膜；25-集流构件；26-第一绝缘件；261-第一通孔；262-第一折痕；27-第二绝缘件；271-第一分隔部；272-第二分隔部；273-第二折痕；28-支撑件；281-第二通孔；200-控制器；300-马达；2000-电池单体的制造设备；2100-提供装置；2200-组装装置；X-底壁的厚度方向；Y-第一方向；Z-第二方向；M-第四方向；N-第五方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有 作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，指示方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该申请产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，或者是本领域技术人员惯常理解的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
电池单体包括壳体、电极组件和第一绝缘件，第一绝缘件用于分隔电极组件和壳体的底壁，以避免电极组件与壳体的底壁接触短路。为了方便电池单体组装，第一绝缘件设有通孔，通孔用于与组装电池单体的组装装置配合定位，从而将第一绝缘件定位在组装装置上，以使提高组装质量。
发明人发现，电极组件的离子会通过通孔到达壳体，从而导致电池单体内部短路，引发安全问题。为了防止离子通过通孔到达壳体，可以通过在第一绝缘件上粘贴胶带的方式将该通孔封堵。但是胶带长期在电解液中浸泡会脱落，导致封堵失效。此外，电极组件的离子与壳体接触后，还可能与壳体发生化学反应而导致壳体腐蚀。
基于上述考虑，为了降低离子通过通孔的风险，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，电池单体包括用于分隔电极组件和壳体的底壁的第一绝缘件，第一绝缘件设有第一通孔，沿底壁的厚度方向，电极组件和第一通孔在底壁上的投影不重叠。换句话说，电极组件和通孔错位设置，电极组件不会覆盖第一通孔，则电极组件和壳体的底壁之间没有供离子通过的直线通道，消除直线型离子通道，降低电极组件的离子能够通过第一通孔到达壳体的风险，降低电极组件的离子到达壳体而导致电池单体短路的风险，此外，电极组件的离子到达壳体的风险降低，还能降低离子与壳体接触后导致壳体腐蚀的风险。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电设备中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电设备的电源系统，这样，有利于降低离子通过通孔的风险，降低电池内部短路的风险，从而提高电池单体的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供 电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20收容于箱体10内。
箱体10用于为电池单体20提供安装空间11。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分12和第二部分13，第一部分12与第二部分13相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体20的安装空间11。当然，第一部分12与第二部分13的连接处可通过密封件(图未示出)来实现密封，密封件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
第一部分12和第二部分13可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分12可以是一侧开口以形成具有容纳电池单体20的容纳腔的空心结构，第二部分13也可以是一侧开口以形成具有容纳电池单体20的容纳腔的空心结构，第二部分13的开口侧盖合于第一部分12的开口侧，则形成具有安装空间11的箱体10。当然，也可以是第一部分12为一侧开口以形成具有容纳电池单体20的容纳腔的空心结构，第二部分13为板状结构，第二部分13盖合于第一部分12的开口侧，则形成具有安装空间11的箱体10。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。图2示例性的示出了电池单体20呈方体的情况。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件(图未示出)，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的串联或并联或混联。
请参照图3，电池单体20可以包括壳体21、电极组件22和端盖组件23。壳体21具有开口211，电极组件22容纳于壳体21内，端盖组件23用于封盖于开口211。
壳体21可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体21的形状可根据电极组件22的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件22为圆柱体结构，壳体21则可选用为圆柱体结构；若电极组件22为长方体结构，壳体21则可选用长方体结构。图3示例性的示出了壳体21和电极组件22为方形的情况。
壳体21的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
在一些实施例中，壳体21的外表面还设有保护膜24，保护膜24包覆于壳体21的外表面。保护膜24能够起到绝缘、耐高温等作用。保护膜24可以是蓝膜。
电极组件22可以包括正极片(图未示出)、负极片(图未示出)和隔离膜223(图未示出)。电极组件22可以是由正极片、隔离膜223和负极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极片、隔离膜223和负极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。电极组件22还包括正极极耳(图未示出)和负极极耳(图未示出)，可以是正极片中未涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳，可以是负极片中未涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。
端盖组件23包括端盖231和电极端子232，电极端子232设置与端盖231。端盖231用于封盖壳体21的开口211，以形成一密闭的容纳空间(图未示出)，容纳空间用于容纳电极组件22。容纳空间还用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。端盖组件23作为输出电极组件22的电能的部件，端盖组件23中的电极端子232用于与电极组件22电连接，即电极端子232与电极组件22的极耳电连接，比如，电极端子232与极耳通过集流构件25连接，以实现电极端子232与极耳的电连接。
需要说明的，壳体21的开口211可以是一个，也可以是两个。若壳体21的开口211为一 个，端盖组件23也可以为一个，端盖组件23中则可设置两个电极端子232，两个电极端子232分别用于与电极组件22正极极耳和负极极耳电连接，端盖组件23中的两个电极端子232分别为正极电极端子232和负极电极端子232。若壳体21的开口211为两个，比如，两个开口211设置在壳体21相对的两侧，端盖组件23也可以为两个，两个端盖组件23分别盖合于壳体21的两个开口211处。在这种情况下，可以是一个端盖组件23中的电极端子232为正极电极端子232，用于与电极组件22的正极极耳电连接；另一个端盖组件23中的电极端子232为负极电极端子232，用于与电极组件22的负极片电连接。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件23还包括端盖保护件233，端盖保护件233安装于端盖231的表面，对端盖231起到保护作用。
如图4所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体20包括壳体21、电极组件22和第一绝缘件26；壳体21具有开口211和与开口211相对的底壁212；电极组件22容纳于壳体21内；第一绝缘件26用于分隔电极组件22和底壁212；其中，第一绝缘件26设有第一通孔261，沿底壁212的厚度方向，电极组件22和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影部分重叠或者不重叠。
壳体21的开口211与底壁212在底壁的厚度方向X相对设置。电极组件22从开口211进入壳体21内。沿底壁的厚度方向X，第一绝缘件26位于电极组件22和底壁212之间。第一绝缘件26用于分隔电极组件22和底壁212，是指第一绝缘件26位于电极组件22和底壁212之间，以使电极组件22和底壁212不能接触，以避免电极组件22和底壁212接触导致电池单体20短路。
沿底壁的厚度方向X，电极组件22和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影部分重叠，是指沿底壁的厚度方向X，第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影的部分位于电极组件22在底壁212上的投影的覆盖的区域之外，则电极组件22和壳体21的底壁212之间沿底壁的厚度方向X延伸的通道很小。
沿底壁的厚度方向X，电极组件22和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影不重叠，是指沿底壁的厚度方向X，第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影的全部位于电极组件22在底壁212上的投影的覆盖的区域之外，则电极组件22和壳体21的底壁212之间没有沿底壁的厚度方向X延伸的通道，相当于消除了电极组件22和底壁212之间的直线型离子通道。
沿底壁的厚度方向X，电极组件22和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影部分重叠或者不重叠，换句话说，沿底壁的厚度方向X，第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影的至少部分位于电极组件22在底壁212上的投影的覆盖的区域之外，使得电极组件22和第一通孔261错开设置，则电极组件22和壳体21的底壁212之间沿底壁的厚度方向X延伸的通道很小或者没有沿底壁的厚度方向X延伸的通道，降低电极组件22的离子能够通过第一通孔261到达壳体21的风险，降低电极组件22的离子到达壳体21而导致电池单体20短路的风险，此外，电极组件22的离子到达壳体21的风险降低，还能降低离子与壳体21接触后导致壳体21腐蚀的风险。在组装电池单体20时，第一通孔261用于与组装电池单体20的组装装置2200配合定位，从而将第一绝缘件26定位在组装装置2200上，以使提高组装质量，由于沿底壁的厚度方向X，电极组件22和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影不重叠，则组装电池单体20时，电极组件22和组装装置2200能够互不干涉。
请参照图5、图6、图7，在一些实施例中，电极组件22具有面向底壁212设置的第一端面(图中未示出)，第一端面露出电极组件22的极片。
电极组件22的隔离膜223用于分隔正极片和负极片，避免正极片和负极片接触导致电极组件22短路。第一端面露出电极组件22的极片，是指极片第一端面未被隔离膜包覆，电极组件22的离子能够从第一端面向靠近底壁212的方向移动。电极组件22的极耳位于与第一端面相对的第二端面。电极组件22设有极耳的一端未被隔离膜223包覆。一般电极组件22的极耳朝向壳体21的开口211设置，电极组件22的第一端面面向底壁212设置，则极耳位于与第一端面相对的第二端，方便电极组件22的极耳面向壳体21的开口211布置。可以理解为，对于单侧出极耳的电极组件22，电极组件22的与极耳相对的一端也未被隔离膜223包覆。电极组件22未设置极耳且未被隔离膜223包覆的一端面向底壁212设置，即第一端面露出电极组件22的极片，则极片的离子能够从第一端面脱离，由于第一端面面向底壁212设置，并与第一绝缘件26上的第一通孔261错开设置，则电极组件22和壳体21的底壁212之间沿底壁的厚度方向X延伸的通道很小或者没有沿底壁 的厚度方向X延伸的通道，降低电极组件22的离子能够通过第一通孔261到达壳体21的风险，降低电极组件22的离子到达壳体21而导致电池单体20短路的风险，此外，电极组件22的离子到达壳体21的风险降低，还能降低离子与壳体21接触后导致壳体21腐蚀的风险。
电极组件22可以有多种形式，如图5所示，在一些实施例中，电极组件22包括极性相反的第一极片221和第二极片222，第一极片221和第二极片222绕卷绕轴线卷绕，卷绕轴线垂直于底壁212。隔离膜223用于分隔第一极片221和第二极片222。
第一极片221和第二极片222绕卷绕轴线卷绕，以形成卷绕式电极组件。对卷绕式电极组件而言，电极组件22的轴向的两端未被隔离膜223包覆，以使第一极片221和第二极片222沿电极组件22的轴向的两端均露出。电极组件22的全部极耳位于电极组件22的轴向的面向开口211的一端(第二端面)，电极组件22的轴向的另一端面向底壁212设置(第一端面)，使得电极组件22的卷绕轴向垂直于底壁212(卷绕轴线的延伸方向与底壁的厚度方向X一致)，方便极耳和端盖上的电极端子232连接。电极组件22的离子能够沿卷绕轴向的延伸方向向靠近底壁212的方向移动，由于沿底壁的厚度方向X，电极组件22在底壁212上的投影和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影不重叠，则电极组件22和壳体21的底壁212之间没有沿底壁的厚度方向X延伸的通道，消除了电极组件22和底壁212之间的直线型离子通道，降低了电极组件22的离子能够通过第一通孔261到达壳体21的风险，降低电极组件22的离子到达壳体21而导致电池单体20短路的风险，此外，电极组件22的离子到达壳体21的风险降低，还能降低离子与壳体21接触后导致壳体21腐蚀的风险。
如图6所示，在另一些实施例中，电极组件22包括隔离膜223、多个第一极片221和多个第二极片222，第一极片221和第二极片222极性相反，多个第一极片221和多个第二极片222沿第一方向Y交替层叠，隔离膜223连续弯折且包括多个第一层叠段2231和多个第一弯折段2232，各所述第一弯折段2232用于连接相邻的两个第一层叠段2231，多个第一弯折段2232分布于电极组件22沿第二方向Z的两端，第一方向Y、第二方向Z和底壁的厚度方向X两两垂直。
在这种实施例中，多个第一极片221各自独立，多个第二极片222各自独立。隔离膜223为连续的带状结构。沿第一方向Y，相邻的两个第一极片221之间设置一个第二极片222，相邻的两个第二极片222之间设置一个第一极片221，以使多个第一极片221和多个第二极片222沿第一方向Y交替层叠设置。沿第一方向Y，相邻的第一极片221和第二极片222之间设置一个第一层叠段2231，相邻的两个第一层叠段2231通过一个第一弯针段相连。多个第一弯折段2232的部分分布于电极组件22沿第二方向Z的一端，多个第一弯折段2232的另一部分分布于电极组件22沿第二方向Z的另一端。多个第一弯折段2232包覆第一极片221和第二极片222沿第二方向Z的两端。第一极片221和第二极片222沿第三方向的两端未被隔离膜223包覆，以使第一极片221和第二极片222沿第三方向的两端均露出。电极组件22沿第三方向的未设置极耳的一端面向底壁212设置。第一方向Y、第二方向Z和第三方向两两垂直，第三方向与底壁的厚度方向X一致。电极组件22的沿底壁的厚度方向X的两端未被隔离膜223包覆，极耳位于电极组件22未被隔离膜223包覆的一端，极耳位于电极组件22未被隔离膜223包覆的两端所在方向与底壁的厚度方向X一致并与第一方向Y和第二方向Z垂直，方便极耳朝向壳体21的开口211设置。
由于第一极片221和第二极片222沿底壁的厚度方向X的两端未被隔离膜223包覆，电极组件22的离子能够沿底壁的厚度方向X向靠近底壁212的方向移动，由于沿底壁的厚度方向X，电极组件22在底壁212上的投影和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影不重叠，则电极组件22和壳体21的底壁212之间没有沿底壁的厚度方向X延伸的通道，消除了电极组件22和底壁212之间的直线型离子通道，降低了电极组件22的离子能够通过第一通孔261到达壳体21的风险，降低电极组件22的离子到达壳体21而导致电池单体20短路的风险，此外，电极组件22的离子到达壳体21的风险降低，还能降低离子与壳体21接触后导致壳体21腐蚀的风险。
如图7所示，在又一些实施例中，电极组件22包括多个第一极片221和第二极片222，第一极片221和第二极片222的极性相反，第二极片222连续弯折且包括多个第二层叠段2221和多个第二弯折段2222，多个第二层叠段2221和多个第一极片221沿第一方向Y交替层叠，各第二弯折段2222用于连接相邻的两个第二层叠段2221，多个第二弯折段2222分布于电极组件22沿第二 方向Z的两端，第一方向Y、第二方向Z和底壁的厚度方向X两两垂直。
在这种实施例中，多个第一极片221各自独立，第二极片222和隔离膜223均为连续的带状结构。多个第二层叠段2221沿第一方向Y层叠设置，相邻的两个第二层叠段2221通过第二弯折段2222连接。沿第一方向Y，相邻的两个第一极片221之间设置一个第二层叠段2221，相邻的两个第二层叠段2221之间设置一个第一极片221，以使多个第二层叠段2221和多个第一极片221沿第一方向Y交替层叠。
隔离膜223分隔第二极片222和多个第一极片221，隔离膜223连续弯折且包括多个第一层叠段2231和多个第一弯折段2232，相邻的第一层叠段2231和第一极片221之间设置一个第一层叠段2231，相邻的两个第一层叠段2231通过第一弯折段2232相连，第一弯折段2232包覆于第二弯折段2222的外侧。多个第一弯折段2232包覆第一极片221和第二极片222沿第二方向Z的两端。第一极片221和第二极片222沿第三方向的两端未被隔离膜223包覆，以使第一极片221和第二极片222沿第三方向的两端均露出。电极组件22沿第三方向的未设置极耳的一端面向底壁212设置。第一方向Y、第二方向Z和第三方向两两垂直，第三方向与底壁的厚度方向X一致。电极组件22的沿底壁的厚度方向X的两端未被隔离膜223包覆，极耳位于电极组件22未被隔离膜223包覆的一端，极耳位于电极组件22未被隔离膜223包覆的两端所在方向与底壁的厚度方向X一致并与第一方向Y和第二方向Z垂直，方便极耳朝向壳体21的开口211设置。
请继续参见图4，在一些实施例中，壳体21具有侧壁213，侧壁213围设于底壁212的周围；电极组件22为卷绕式电极组件且包括平直部I和两个弯折部II，两个弯折部II分别连接于平直部I的两端，第一通孔261设置于弯折部II和侧壁213之间。
第一通孔261设置于弯折部II和侧壁213之间，是指第一通孔261设置于弯折部II的外周面和侧壁213的内表面围成的空间内。在另一些实施例中，第一通孔261也可以设置在平直区与侧壁213之间。
第一通孔261设置于弯折部II和侧壁213之间，方便第一通孔261的布置。
第一绝缘件26的形状有多种，比如，在一些实施例中，如图4所示，第一绝缘件26为矩形，第一绝缘件26的四角中的至少一角设有第一通孔261。
在电池单体20具有一个电极组件22的实施例中，底壁212上可以设有一个或者多个第一通孔261，多个是指两个及两个以上。图4中示出了底壁212上设有多个第一通孔261的情况，图4中，第一通孔261的数量为两个，两个第一通孔261设置在第一绝缘件26的四角中的两个对角，以提高第一绝缘件26通过第一通孔261与组装装置2200定位配合的稳定性。
如图8所示，在电池单体20包括多个电极组件22的实施例中，不仅第一绝缘件26的四角中的至少一角可以设有第一通孔261，相邻的两个电极组件22的弯折部II之间也可以设置第一通孔261。
在另一些实施例中，第一绝缘件26的外轮廓也可以是与电极组件22的外轮廓匹配的形状。
第一绝缘件26的四角中的至少一角设有第一通孔261，既方便布置第一通孔261，在组装电池单体20的过程，便于通过第一通孔261与组装装置2200进行定位，避免组装过程中电极组件22和组装装置2200(图15中示出)干涉。
如图8、图9所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体20包括并排布置的多个电极组件22；沿多个电极组件22的并排方向，相邻的两个弯折部II之间设有第一通孔261。
电极组件22的两个弯折部II的布置方向与多个电极组件22的并排方向垂直。
相邻的两个弯折部II之间可以设有一个第一通孔261，也可以设有多个第一通孔261。其中，多个是指两个及两个以上。也可以是每相邻的两个弯折部II之间均设置第一通孔261，也可以是部分相邻的两个弯折部II之间设置有第一通孔261。
在相邻的两个弯折部II之间设有第一通孔261的实施例中，第一绝缘件26的矩形的四角 中的至少一角也可以设有第一通孔261(如图8所示)。在另一些实施例中，也可以仅是相邻的两个弯折部II之间设置第一通孔261(如图9所示)。
相邻的两个弯折部II之间设有第一通孔261，方便第一通孔261的布置。
在一些实施例中，相邻的两个电极组件22之间设有两组第一通孔261，两组第一通孔261间隔布置，部分平直部I位于两组第一通孔261之间。
每组包括多个第一通孔261，位于相邻的两个电极组件22中一组第一通孔261中的部分第一通孔261设置于平直区的一端，另一部分第一通孔261设置于平直区的另一端，以使部分平直部I位于两个第一通孔261之间。换句话说，每组第一通孔261中的第一通孔261分别设置在平直部I设置有弯折部II的两端，则相邻的两个电极组件22的平直部I之间可以紧贴设置，不需要留出空间避让第一通孔261，充分利用壳体21的内部空间，有利于提高电池单体20的能量密度。且部分平直部I位于两个第一通孔261之间，还使得通孔分布更加均匀，在组装电池单体20的过程中，若通过第一通孔261定位第一绝缘件26，能够提高定位的稳定性和定位精度，提高电池单体20的组装质量。
如图10、图11所示，在一些实施例中，壳体21还包括侧壁213，侧壁213围设于底壁212的周围；电池单体20还包括第二绝缘件27，第二绝缘件27用于分隔电极组件22和侧壁213。
第二绝缘件27可以固定于电极组件22的外周面，也可以固定于侧壁213的内壁。第二绝缘件27用于分隔电极组件22和侧壁213，是指第二绝缘件27设置于电极组件22和侧壁213之间，避免电极组件22和壳体21的侧壁213接触，以防止电池单体20短路。
第二绝缘件27分隔电极组件22和侧壁213，避免电极组件22和侧壁213接触导致电池单体20短路，以提高电池单体20的安全性。
如图10、图11所示，在一些实施例中，第二绝缘件27与第一绝缘件26一体成型。
在另一些实施例中，第二绝缘件27可以与第一绝缘件26分体设置，也可以是将分体设置的第一绝缘件26和第二绝缘件27连接为整体。
第二绝缘件27与第一绝缘件26一体成型，能够更好的分隔壳体21的底壁212和电极组件22以及壳体21的侧壁213和电极组件22，避免电池单体20短路，以提高电池单体20的安全性能。
请参见图11、图12，在一些实施例中，侧壁213包括沿第四方向M相对布置的两个第一侧壁2131和沿第五方向N相对布置的两个第二侧壁2132；第二绝缘件27包括两个第一分隔部271和第二分隔部272，两个第一分隔部271连接于第一绝缘件26沿第四方向M的两端，每个第一分隔部271沿第五方向N的两端均连接有第二分隔部272，两个第一分隔部271用于分隔两个第一侧壁2131和电极组件22，第二分隔部272用于分隔第二侧壁2132和电极组件22，第四方向M、第五方向N和底壁的厚度方向X两两垂直。其中，第一分隔部271可翻折地连接于第一绝缘件26，第一分隔部271相对第一绝缘件26绕第一折痕262翻折，能够使第一分隔部271和第一绝缘件26处于垂直状态。第二分隔部272可翻折地连接于第一分隔部271，第二分隔部272相对第一分隔部271绕第二折痕273翻折，能够使第一分隔部271和第二分隔部272处于垂直状态。两个第一分隔部271沿第五方向N位于同一端的第二分隔部272相对第一分隔部271翻折后能够重叠设置或者不重叠，以共同分隔第二侧壁2132和电极组件22。
其中，第五方向N可以与电极组件22的两个弯折部II的布置方向相同，也可以不同。在第五方向N可以与电极组件22的两个弯折部II的布置方向相同的实施例中，第四方向M多个电极组件22的并排方向相同。
在电池单体20包括并排布置的多个电极组件22的实施例中，两个第一分隔部271分别位于多个电极组件22形成的整体结构的沿并排方向的两端。
如图13所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体20还包括支撑件28，支撑件28设置于第一绝缘件26和底壁212之间，支撑件28对应第一通孔261设有第二通孔281。
支撑件28可以与第一绝缘件26分体设置，支撑件28和第一绝缘件26也可以分体设置后连接为整体结构的。当然，支撑件28和第一绝缘件26也可以是一体成型。
支撑件28可以通过第二通孔281与组装电池单体20的组装装置2200定位，提高组装质量。支撑件28对应第一通孔261设有第二通孔281，可以理解为，第一通孔261和第二通孔281同轴布置，便于第一绝缘件26和支撑件28之间定位准确，提高组装质量。
支撑件28设置于第一绝缘件26和底壁212之间，能够抬高电极组件22相对底壁212的位置，降低壳体21的侧壁213和底壁212的连接位置与极片干涉而导致极片打皱的风险，从而降低电池单体20短路的风险。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池100，电池100包括上述任意实施例提供的电池单体20。
电池单体20的电极组件22和壳体21的底壁212之间没有沿底壁的厚度方向X延伸的通道，消除电极组件22和底壁212之间的直线型离子通道，降低电极组件22的离子能够通过第一通孔261到达壳体21的风险，降低电极组件22的离子到达壳体21而导致电池单体20短路的风险，从而提高电池100的安全性能。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，用电设备包括上述任意实施例提供的电池单体20。
电池单体20为用电设备提供电能。电池单体20的电极组件22和壳体21的底壁212之间没有沿底壁的厚度方向X延伸的通道，消除电极组件22和底壁212之间的直线型离子通道，降低电极组件22的离子能够通过第一通孔261到达壳体21的风险，降低电极组件22的离子到达壳体21而导致电池单体20短路的风险，从而提高用电设备的用电安全。
如图14所示，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体的制造设备2000，电池单体的制造设备2000包括提供装置2100和组装装置2200；提供装置2100被配置为提供壳体21、电极组件22和第一绝缘件26，壳体21具有开口211和与开口211相对的底壁212；组装装置2200被配置为将第一绝缘件26和电极组件22容纳于壳体21内，以使第一绝缘件26分隔电极组件22和底壁212；其中，第一绝缘件26设有第一通孔261，沿底壁的厚度方向X，电极组件22和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影不重叠。
如图15所示，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体20的制造方法，电池单体20的制造方法包括：
S100，提供壳体21、电极组件22和第一绝缘件26，壳体21具有开口211和与开口211相对的底壁212；
S200，将第一绝缘件26和电极组件22容纳于壳体21内，以使第一绝缘件26分隔电极组件22和底壁212；
其中，第一绝缘件26设有第一通孔261，沿底壁的厚度方向X，电极组件22和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影不重叠。
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括壳体21、电极组件22、第一绝缘件26和第二绝缘件27。壳体21包括底壁212和侧壁213，侧壁213围设于底壁212的外周并与底壁212相连；电极组件22容纳于壳体21内；第一绝缘件26用于分隔电极组件22和所述底壁212，第二绝缘件27用于分隔电极组件22和侧壁213。第一绝缘件26和第二绝缘件27一体成型。第一绝缘件26设有第一通孔261，沿底壁212的厚度方向，电极组件22和第一通孔261在底壁212上的投影不重叠。消除电极组件22和底壁212之间的直线型离子通道，降低电极组件22的离子能够通过第一通孔261到达壳体21的风险，降低电极组件22的离子到达壳体21而导致电池单体20短路的风险，此外，电极组件22的离子到达壳体21的风险降低，还能降低离子与壳体21接触后导致壳体21腐蚀的风险。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    壳体，具有开口和与所述开口相对的底壁；
    电极组件，容纳于所述壳体内；以及
    第一绝缘件，用于分隔所述电极组件和所述底壁；
    其中，所述第一绝缘件设有第一通孔，沿所述底壁的厚度方向，所述电极组件和所述第一通孔在所述底壁上的投影部分重叠或不重叠。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件具有面向所述底壁设置的第一端面，所述第一端面露出所述电极组件的极片。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕，所述卷绕轴线垂直于所述底壁；
    或，所述电极组件包括隔离膜、多个第一极片和多个第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片极性相反，所述多个第一极片和所述多个第二极片沿第一方向交替层叠，所述隔离膜连续弯折且包括多个第一层叠段和多个第一弯折段，各所述第一弯折段用于连接相邻的两个所述第一层叠段，所述多个第一弯折段分布于所述电极组件沿第二方向的两端，所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述底壁的厚度方向两两垂直；
    或，所述电极组件包括多个第一极片和第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片的极性相反，所述第二极片连续弯折且包括多个第二层叠段和多个第二弯折段，所述多个第二层叠段和所述多个第一极片沿第一方向交替层叠，各所述第二弯折段用于连接相邻的两个所述第二层叠段，所述多个第二弯折段分布于所述电极组件沿第二方向的两端，所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述底壁的厚度方向两两垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体具有侧壁，所述侧壁围设于所述底壁的周围；
    所述电极组件为卷绕式电极组件且包括平直部和两个弯折部，两个所述弯折部分别连接于所述平直部的两端，所述第一通孔设置于所述弯折部和所述侧壁之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一绝缘件为矩形，所述第一绝缘件的四角中的至少一角设有所述第一通孔。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体包括并排布置的多个所述电极组件；
    沿多个所述电极组件的并排方向，相邻的两个所述弯折部之间设有所述第一通孔。
  7. 根据权利要求4-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，相邻的两个所述电极组件之间设有两组所述第一通孔，两组所述第一通孔间隔布置，部分所述平直部位于两组所述第一通孔之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体还包括侧壁，所述侧壁围设于所述底壁的周围；
    所述电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件用于分隔所述电极组件和所述侧壁。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二绝缘件与所述第一绝缘件一体成型。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括支撑件，所述支撑件设置于所述第一绝缘件和所述底壁之间，所述支撑件对应所述第一通孔设有第二通孔。
  11. 一种电池，其中，包括根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体。
  12. 一种用电设备，其中，包括根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体。
PCT/CN2022/086390 2022-04-12 2022-04-12 电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2023197161A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2004031263A (ja) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 電池
CN104979506A (zh) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-14 三星Sdi株式会社 二次电池
WO2017094228A1 (ja) * 2015-11-30 2017-06-08 ソニー株式会社 電池、電池パックおよび電子機器
CN107112472A (zh) * 2014-10-31 2017-08-29 三洋电机株式会社 电池
CN107394063A (zh) * 2016-05-16 2017-11-24 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 二次电池
CN111435715A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-07-21 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 用于电芯的底托板及具有其的电池包和车辆

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004031263A (ja) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 電池
CN104979506A (zh) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-14 三星Sdi株式会社 二次电池
CN107112472A (zh) * 2014-10-31 2017-08-29 三洋电机株式会社 电池
WO2017094228A1 (ja) * 2015-11-30 2017-06-08 ソニー株式会社 電池、電池パックおよび電子機器
CN107394063A (zh) * 2016-05-16 2017-11-24 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 二次电池
CN111435715A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-07-21 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 用于电芯的底托板及具有其的电池包和车辆

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