WO2023193191A1 - 一种声学输出装置 - Google Patents

一种声学输出装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023193191A1
WO2023193191A1 PCT/CN2022/085564 CN2022085564W WO2023193191A1 WO 2023193191 A1 WO2023193191 A1 WO 2023193191A1 CN 2022085564 W CN2022085564 W CN 2022085564W WO 2023193191 A1 WO2023193191 A1 WO 2023193191A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elastic
vibration
output device
acoustic output
piezoelectric
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PCT/CN2022/085564
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱光远
张磊
齐心
Original Assignee
深圳市韶音科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Priority to JP2022577369A priority Critical patent/JP2024516469A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2022/085564 priority patent/WO2023193191A1/zh
Priority to KR1020227042189A priority patent/KR20230144934A/ko
Priority to CN202280004931.1A priority patent/CN117461321A/zh
Priority to EP22789820.2A priority patent/EP4290884A1/en
Priority to US18/053,775 priority patent/US20230328455A1/en
Publication of WO2023193191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023193191A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/13—Hearing devices using bone conduction transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
    • H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
    • H10N30/2041—Beam type

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of acoustic technology, and in particular to an acoustic output device.
  • Piezoelectric acoustic output devices use the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials to generate vibrations and radiate sound waves outward. Compared with transmission electric speakers, they have the advantages of high electromechanical energy conversion efficiency, low energy consumption, small size, and high integration. . Under the current trend of device miniaturization and integration, piezoelectric acoustic output devices have extremely broad prospects and future. However, piezoelectric acoustic output devices have problems such as low sensitivity in the mid-to-high frequency range (for example, the frequency range of 500 Hz to 10 kHz) and many vibration modes in the audible range of the human ear (for example, 20 Hz to 20 kHz). , resulting in poor sound quality.
  • mid-to-high frequency range for example, the frequency range of 500 Hz to 10 kHz
  • vibration modes in the audible range of the human ear for example, 20 Hz to 20 kHz
  • a piezoelectric acoustic output device to improve its sensitivity in the mid-to-high frequency band, while reducing its vibration modes in the audible range, and improving the sound quality of the acoustic output device.
  • Embodiments of this specification provide an acoustic output device, including: a first vibration element; a second vibration element; and a piezoelectric element.
  • the piezoelectric element drives the first vibration element and the second vibration element in response to an electrical signal.
  • the vibration element vibrates, wherein the first vibration element is connected to a first position of the piezoelectric element, the second vibration element is connected to a second position of the piezoelectric element at least through a first elastic element, and the The second vibration element is connected to the third position of the piezoelectric element at least through a second elastic element.
  • the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element is consistent with the second elastic element.
  • the second elastic coefficients of the elastic elements are different.
  • the acoustic output device further includes: a first connector and a second connector, the first elastic element is connected to the second position of the piezoelectric element through the first connector, so The second elastic element is connected to the third position of the piezoelectric element through the second connecting member.
  • the first elastic element includes one or more first elastic rods
  • the second elastic element includes one or more second elastic rods
  • the number of the first elastic rods is the same as the number of the second elastic rods.
  • the length of each of the one or more first elastic rods is different from the length of each of the one or more second elastic rods.
  • the material of the one or more first elastic rods is different from the material of the one or more second elastic rods.
  • the angle between every two adjacent first elastic rods in the one or more first elastic rods is equal to the angle between every two adjacent second elastic rods in the one or more second elastic rods.
  • the included angles of the elastic rods are different.
  • each of the one or more first elastic rods is the same as each of the one or more second elastic rods, the first elastic rod being The number of rods is different from the number of second elastic rods.
  • the second elastic element further includes a third connecting piece, and the second vibrating element is further connected to the third position of the piezoelectric element at least through the third connecting piece.
  • the first elastic element includes one or more first elastic rods
  • the second elastic element includes a third connecting piece
  • the second vibrating element is connected to the third connecting piece through the third connecting piece. the third position of the piezoelectric element.
  • the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element is smaller than the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element, and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element is greater than 1 ⁇ 10 4 N/m.
  • the ratio between the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element and the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element is greater than 10.
  • the first elastic element in a vibration direction perpendicular to the second vibration element, has a third elastic coefficient, and the ratio between the third elastic coefficient and the first elastic coefficient is greater than 1 ⁇ 10 4 ; or in the vibration direction perpendicular to the second vibration element, the second elastic element has a fourth elastic coefficient, and the ratio between the fourth elastic coefficient and the second elastic coefficient is greater than 1 ⁇ 10 4 .
  • the vibrations of the first vibration element and the second vibration element generate two resonance peaks within the audible range of the human ear.
  • the second vibration element resonates with the first elastic element and the second elastic element to generate a lower frequency peak among the two resonance peaks, and the piezoelectric element and the third elastic element resonate. Resonance of a vibrating element generates the higher frequency peak of the two resonance peaks.
  • the frequency of the lower frequency peak of the two resonant peaks is in the range of 50 Hz to 2 kHz, and the frequency of the higher frequency peak of the two resonant peaks is in the range of 1 kHz to 10 kHz.
  • the piezoelectric element includes a beam-like structure, and the first position is located at the center of the length direction of the beam-like structure.
  • the second position and the third position are respectively located at two ends of the length extension direction of the beam-like structure.
  • the vibration is transmitted to the user in a bone conduction manner through the second vibration element.
  • the length of the piezoelectric element ranges from 3 mm to 30 mm.
  • the piezoelectric element includes two layers of piezoelectric sheets and a substrate.
  • the two layers of piezoelectric sheets are respectively attached to opposite sides of the substrate.
  • the substrate is based on the two layers of piezoelectric sheets. The stretching along the length creates vibrations.
  • Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification
  • Figure 3 is a frequency response curve diagram when the vibration signal of the exemplary acoustic output device is output from the elastic mass end according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • Figure 5 is a simulation model diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG. 8 is a frequency response curve diagram when the vibration signal of the exemplary acoustic output device is output from the elastic mass end according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • system means of distinguishing between different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels.
  • said words may be replaced by other expressions if they serve the same purpose.
  • connection can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be two The connection within an element or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise expressly limited.
  • connection can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be two The connection within an element or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise expressly limited.
  • Embodiments of this specification provide an acoustic output device, which includes a first vibrating element, a second vibrating element, and a piezoelectric element.
  • the piezoelectric element can drive the first vibration element and the second vibration element to vibrate in response to the electrical signal.
  • the first vibration element is connected to the first position of the piezoelectric element
  • the second vibration element is connected to the second position of the piezoelectric element at least through the first elastic element
  • the second vibration element is connected to the piezoelectric element at least through the second elastic element. third position.
  • the performance of the acoustic output device in the mid-to-high frequency band is beneficial to the application of acoustic output devices in special scenarios.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may be a bone conduction acoustic output device, an air conduction acoustic output device, or a combined bone-air conduction acoustic output device.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may include speakers, headphones, glasses, hearing aids, augmented reality (Augmented Reality, AR) devices, virtual reality (Virtual Reality, VR) devices, etc. or other devices with audio playback functions (such as mobile phones, computer, etc.).
  • the acoustic output device 100 may be an open acoustic output device. As shown in FIG. 1 , the acoustic output device 100 may include a first vibration element 110 , a second vibration element 120 , a piezoelectric element 130 , a first elastic element 140 and a second elastic element 150 .
  • Both the first vibration element 110 and the second vibration element 120 can be mass blocks with a certain mass.
  • the first vibration element 110 and/or the second vibration element 120 may include a vibration plate, a diaphragm, etc., so that the acoustic output device 100 outputs vibration through the first vibration element 110 and/or the second vibration element 120 .
  • the material of the mass block may include, but is not limited to, metals (for example, copper, iron, magnesium, aluminum, tungsten, etc.), alloys (aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, tungsten alloy, etc.), polymer materials (for example, PTFE, silicone rubber, etc.) and other materials.
  • the material of the first vibration element 110 and the material of the second vibration element 120 may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the mass of the first vibration element 110 and the mass of the second vibration element 120 may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the mass of the first vibration element 110 or the second vibration element 120 may be less than 10 g. In some embodiments, the mass of the first vibration element 110 or the second vibration element 120 may be less than 8g. In some embodiments, the mass of the first vibration element 110 or the second vibration element 120 may be less than 6g. In some embodiments, the mass of the first vibration element 110 or the second vibration element 120 may be less than 5g.
  • the piezoelectric element 130 may be an electrical energy conversion device capable of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy using the inverse piezoelectric effect.
  • the piezoelectric element 130 may be composed of materials with piezoelectric effects such as piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric quartz, piezoelectric crystals, and piezoelectric polymers.
  • the piezoelectric element 130 can be in the shape of a sheet, annular, prismatic, rectangular, columnar, spherical, etc., or any combination thereof, or can be in other irregular shapes.
  • the piezoelectric element 130 may include a beam-like structure (eg, a strip structure with a certain width) (as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 ).
  • the beam-like structure may include two layers of piezoelectric sheets and a substrate, and the two layers of piezoelectric sheets are respectively attached to opposite sides of the substrate.
  • the substrate can vibrate according to the expansion and contraction of the two piezoelectric sheets along the length extension direction of the piezoelectric beam structure (for example, vibrating in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate).
  • the length extension direction of the beam-like structure of the piezoelectric element 130 may refer to a direction in which the characteristic size of the beam-like structure in this extension direction is more than one time larger than the characteristic size of the beam-like structure in any other direction.
  • the beam-like structure may include a linear beam-like structure, a curved beam-like structure, etc.
  • a linear beam-like structure will be used as an example for description, which is not intended to limit the scope of this specification. More description of the beam-like structure can be found in Figure 2 and its description.
  • the first vibration element 110 may be physically connected (eg, glued, clamped, threaded, welded, etc.) to the first position of the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the second vibration element 120 may be connected to the second position of the piezoelectric element 130 at least through the first elastic element 140 and to the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 at least through the second elastic element 150 .
  • one end of the first elastic element 140 can be connected to the second position of the piezoelectric element 130
  • one end of the second elastic element 150 can be connected to the third position of the piezoelectric element 130.
  • the first elastic element 140 and the second The other end of the piezoelectric element 150 is connected to the second vibration element 120 at the same time.
  • the piezoelectric element 130 can deform under the action of a driving voltage (or excitation signal), thereby generating vibration.
  • the first vibration element 110 and the second vibration element 120 may respectively generate vibrations in response to the vibration of the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the piezoelectric element 130 can directly transmit vibration to the first vibration element 110 , and the vibration of the piezoelectric element 130 can be transmitted to the second vibration element 120 through the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 . That is to say, the second vibration element 120 can receive vibrations transmitted by the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 at the same time.
  • the first vibration element 110 directly connected to the piezoelectric element 130 can be called the mass end
  • the second vibration element 110 connected to the piezoelectric element 130 through the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 120 can be called the elastic mass end
  • the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 can be connected to the second vibration element 120 at the same or different positions.
  • the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 can be connected to the middle position A of the second vibration element 120 at the same time.
  • the first elastic element 140 can be connected to the position A’ of the second vibrating element 120
  • the second elastic element 150 can be connected to the position A” of the second vibrating element 120.
  • the first position when the piezoelectric element 130 includes a beam-like structure, the first position may be located at the center of the lengthwise extension of the beam-like structure.
  • the second position and the third position may be respectively located at two ends of the length extension direction of the beam-like structure. In some embodiments, the second position and the third position may be respectively located at any two positions that are symmetrical or asymmetrical about the center of the beam-like structure in the length extension direction.
  • the piezoelectric element 130 may also include regular shapes such as circles, triangles, pentagons, hexagons, or other irregular shapes.
  • the first position when the shape of the piezoelectric element 130 is a circle, the first position may be the center of the circle, and the second position and the third position may be respectively located at both radial ends of the circle.
  • the shape of the piezoelectric element 130 is an irregular shape
  • the first position when the shape of the piezoelectric element 130 is an irregular shape, the first position may be the center of mass of the irregular shape, and the second position and the third position may be respectively on the irregular shape (eg, edge) about its center of mass. Symmetrical or asymmetrical two positions.
  • a piezoelectric element having a beam-like structure will be used as an example of the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 can be directly connected to the second position and the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 (by gluing, welding, snapping, etc.).
  • the acoustic output device 100 may further include a first connector and a second connector (not shown).
  • the second vibration element 120 and the first elastic element 140 can be connected to the second position of the piezoelectric element 130 through a first connector, and the second vibration element 120 and the second elastic element 150 can be connected to the piezoelectric element through a second connector. 130 third position. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the second vibrating element 120 and the first elastic element 140 can be connected to the end of the piezoelectric element 130 (ie, the second position) through the first connecting member 182 , and the second vibrating element 120 and the second The elastic element 140 can be connected to the other end of the piezoelectric element 130 (ie, the third position) through the second connection member 184 .
  • the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 may be different.
  • the material of the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 can be any material that has the ability to transmit vibration.
  • the material of the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 can be silicone, foam, plastic, rubber, metal, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 may be elements with good elasticity (that is, easy to undergo elastic deformation).
  • the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 may include a spring (such as an air spring, a mechanical spring, an electromagnetic spring, etc.), a vibration transmitting piece, an elastic piece, a base plate, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the first elastic member 140 and/or the second elastic member 150 may include one or more elastic rods (eg, the first elastic rod 142 and/or the second elastic rod 152 shown in FIG. 4 ).
  • the second vibration element 120 may be connected to one or more elastic rods to achieve connection with the second position and/or the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the length and material of the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 or the number, length, material, angle, etc.
  • the first elastic coefficient of the elastic element 140 and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 are different.
  • first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 please refer to other places in this specification (for example, FIG. 2, FIG. 4 and their descriptions), and will not be described again here.
  • the vibrations of the first vibration element 110 and the second vibration element 120 may generate two resonance peaks within the audible frequency range of the human ear (eg, 20 Hz-20 kHz).
  • the resonance of the second vibration element 120 and the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 can generate a first resonance peak with a lower frequency (for example, 50Hz-2000Hz) among the two resonance peaks (as shown in Figure 3
  • the resonance of the piezoelectric element 130 and the first vibration element 110 can generate a second resonance peak with a higher frequency (for example, 1kHz-10kHz) among the two resonance peaks (as shown in the figure
  • the resonance peak in the dotted circle N in 3 The frequency corresponding to the second resonant peak (also called the second resonant frequency) may be higher than the frequency corresponding to the first resonant peak (also called the first resonant frequency).
  • the second vibration element 120 can be adjusted by adjusting the mass of the second vibration element 120 and the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 (eg, the first elastic coefficient and/or the second elastic coefficient).
  • the first resonant frequency may range from 20 Hz to 2000 Hz.
  • the first resonant frequency may range from 50 Hz to 1500 Hz.
  • the first resonant frequency may range from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz.
  • the first resonant frequency may range from 150 Hz to 500 Hz.
  • the first resonant frequency may range from 150 Hz to 200 Hz.
  • the frequency range of the second resonant frequency corresponding to the second resonant peak can be adjusted by adjusting the performance parameters of the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the performance parameters of the piezoelectric element 130 may include geometric parameters, material parameters, and the like. Exemplary geometric parameters may include thickness, length, etc. Exemplary material parameters may include elastic modulus, density, etc.
  • the second resonant frequency may be the natural frequency of piezoelectric element 130 . In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may range from 1 kHz to 10 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may range from 1 kHz to 9 kHz.
  • the second resonant frequency may range from 1 kHz to 8 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may range from 1 kHz to 7 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may range from 1 kHz to 6 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may range from 2 kHz to 5 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may range from 3 kHz to 4 kHz.
  • additional damping may be added to one or more elements in the acoustic output device 100 to smooth out the resonant peaks of the acoustic output device 100 .
  • the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 can be prepared using materials with greater damping effects (eg, silicone, rubber, foam, etc.).
  • a damping material may be coated on the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • damping material or electromagnetic damping may be coated on the first vibration element 110 and/or the second vibration element 120 .
  • the vibration of the piezoelectric element 130 (or the acoustic output device 100) can be transmitted to the user through the first vibration element 110 and/or the second vibration element 120 in a bone conduction manner.
  • the second vibration element 120 may be in direct contact with the user's head skin, and the vibration of the piezoelectric element 130 is transmitted to the bones and/or muscles of the user's face through the second vibration element 120, and finally to the user's ears.
  • the second vibration element 120 may not be in direct contact with the human body.
  • the vibration of the piezoelectric element 130 may be transmitted to the housing of the acoustic output device through the second vibration element 120, and then transmitted to the user's facial bones and/or muscles through the housing.
  • the vibration of the piezoelectric element 130 can also be transmitted to the user through the first vibration element 110 and/or the second vibration element 120 in an air conduction manner.
  • the second vibrating element 120 can directly drive the air around it to vibrate, thereby transmitting it to the user's ear through the air.
  • the second vibration element 120 can be further connected to the diaphragm, and the vibration of the second vibration element 120 can be transmitted to the diaphragm, and then the diaphragm drives the air to vibrate, thereby transmitting it to the user's ear through the air.
  • acoustic output device 100 may also include housing structure 160 .
  • the housing structure 160 may be configured to carry other components of the acoustic output device 100 (eg, the first vibration element 110 , the second vibration element 120 , the piezoelectric element 130 , the first elastic element 140 or the second elastic element 150 , etc.).
  • the housing structure 160 may be a closed or semi-enclosed structure with a hollow interior, and other components of the acoustic output device 100 are located within or on the housing structure.
  • the shape of the housing structure 160 may be a regular or irregular three-dimensional structure such as a cuboid, a cylinder, a truncated cone, or the like.
  • the housing structure 160 may be positioned proximate the user's ears.
  • the housing structure 160 may be located peripherally (eg, anterior or posterior) of the user's auricle.
  • the housing structure 160 may be positioned over the user's ear without blocking or covering the user's ear canal.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may be a bone conduction earphone, and at least one side of the housing structure 160 may be in contact with the user's skin.
  • the acoustic driver assembly (for example, the combination of the piezoelectric element 130, the first vibration element 110, the first elastic element 140, the second elastic element 150 and the second vibration element 120) in the bone conduction earphone converts the audio signal into mechanical vibration, which Mechanical vibrations may be transmitted to the user's auditory nerve through the housing structure 160 and the user's bones.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may be an air conduction earphone, and at least one side of the housing structure 160 may or may not be in contact with the user's skin.
  • the side wall of the housing structure 160 includes at least one sound guide hole.
  • the acoustic driver assembly in the air conduction earphone converts the audio signal into air conduction sound. The air conduction sound can be radiated in the direction of the user's ear through the sound guide hole.
  • acoustic output device 100 may include fixed structure 170 .
  • the securing structure 170 may be configured to secure the acoustic output device 100 near the user's ear.
  • the fixing structure 170 may be physically connected to the housing structure 160 of the acoustic output device 100 (eg, glued, snapped, threaded, etc.).
  • the housing structure 160 of the acoustic output device 100 may be part of the fixed structure 170 .
  • the fixing structure 170 may include ear hooks, back hooks, elastic bands, spectacle legs, etc., so that the acoustic output device 100 can be better fixed near the user's ears and prevent the user from falling during use.
  • the securing structure 170 may be an earhook, which may be configured to be worn around the ear region.
  • the earhook can be a continuous hook and can be elastically stretched to be worn on the user's ear.
  • the earhook can also exert pressure on the user's auricle to make the acoustic output device 100 secure. It is fixed on the user's ear or head at a specific position.
  • the ear loops may be discontinuous straps.
  • an earhook may include a rigid portion and a flexible portion.
  • the rigid part may be made of rigid material (eg, plastic or metal), and the rigid part may be fixed with the housing structure 160 of the acoustic output device 100 through physical connection (eg, snapping, threaded connection, etc.).
  • the flexible portion may be made of elastic material (eg, cloth, composite, or/and neoprene).
  • the securing structure 170 may be a neck strap configured to be worn around the neck/shoulder area.
  • the fixing structure 170 may be a temple, which is a part of the glasses and is installed on the user's ears.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may also include one or more components (eg, signal transceiver, interaction module, battery, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more components of the acoustic output device 100 may be replaced with other components that perform similar functions.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may not include the fixed structure 170, and the housing structure 160 or a part thereof may have a human ear-adaptive shape (such as a donut, an ellipse, a polygon (regular or irregular), a U-shape, a V-shape , semicircular) shell structure so that the shell structure can be hung near the user's ears.
  • a human ear-adaptive shape such as a donut, an ellipse, a polygon (regular or irregular), a U-shape, a V-shape , semicircular
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • the acoustic output device 200 may include a first vibration element 110 , a second vibration element 120 , a piezoelectric element 130 , a first elastic element 140 and a second elastic element 150 .
  • Piezoelectric element 130 may include a beam-like structure.
  • the length of the piezoelectric element 130 ie, the dimension along the length extension direction of the beam-like structure
  • the length of piezoelectric element 130 may range from 3 mm to 25 mm.
  • the length of piezoelectric element 130 may be in the range of 3mm-20mm. In some embodiments, the length of piezoelectric element 130 may range from 3 mm to 18 mm. In some embodiments, the length of piezoelectric element 130 may range from 3 mm to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the length of piezoelectric element 130 may be in the range of 3mm-10mm.
  • the piezoelectric element 130 may include two piezoelectric sheets (ie, piezoelectric sheet 132 and piezoelectric sheet 134 ) and a substrate 136 .
  • the substrate 136 may be configured as a carrier for components and components that deform in response to vibration.
  • the material of the substrate 136 may include one or a combination of metal (such as copper-clad foil, steel, etc.), phenolic resin, cross-linked polystyrene, etc.
  • the shape of substrate 136 may be determined based on the shape of piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the substrate 136 may be correspondingly arranged in a strip shape.
  • the substrate 136 can be configured in a plate shape or a sheet shape accordingly.
  • Piezoelectric sheet 132 and piezoelectric sheet 134 may be components that provide a piezoelectric effect and/or an inverse piezoelectric effect.
  • the piezoelectric sheet can cover one or more surfaces of the substrate 136 and deform under the action of the driving voltage to drive the substrate 136 to deform, thereby realizing the piezoelectric element 130 to output vibration.
  • the piezoelectric sheet 132 and the piezoelectric sheet 134 are respectively attached to opposite sides of the substrate 136.
  • the substrate 136 can be configured according to the piezoelectric sheet 132 and the piezoelectric sheet 134.
  • the electric piece 134 expands and contracts along the length direction of the piezoelectric element 130 (as shown by arrow XX' in the figure) to generate vibration.
  • the piezoelectric sheet located on one side of the substrate 136 can shrink along its length extension direction
  • the piezoelectric sheet located on the other side of the substrate 136 can shrink along its length extension direction.
  • the material of the piezoelectric sheets 132 and/or 134 may include piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric quartz, piezoelectric crystals, piezoelectric polymers, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • Exemplary piezoelectric crystals may include crystal, sphalerite, harzburgite, tourmaline, red zincite, GaAs, barium titanate and its derivative structure crystals, KH2PO4, NaKC4H4O6 ⁇ 4H2O (Rosine salt), etc.
  • Exemplary piezoelectric ceramic materials may include barium titanate (BT), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lead barium lithium niobate (PBLN), modified lead titanate (PT), aluminum nitride (AIN), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc., or any combination thereof.
  • Exemplary piezoelectric polymer materials may include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the like.
  • the first vibration element 110 may be connected to the first position of the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the second vibration element 120 may be connected to the second position of the piezoelectric element 130 through the first elastic element 140 and connected to the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 through the second elastic element 150 .
  • What needs to be known is that when the piezoelectric element 130 with a beam-like structure vibrates, the amplitude of its end is larger, so when the first position, the second position and/or the third position are located at the end of the beam-like structure, The output response sensitivity of the corresponding vibrating element end is higher and the sound quality is better.
  • the first position may be located at the center of the beam-like structure in the length extending direction
  • the second position may be located at one end of the beam-like structure in the length extending direction
  • the third position may be located at the other end of the beam-like structure in the length extending direction
  • the second elastic element 140 can be attached to one end of the second surface opposite to the first surface in the length direction of the piezoelectric element 130 (ie, the second position). The other end of the second surface (i.e. the third position).
  • piezoelectric element 130 may include two sub-piezoelectric elements. One end of each sub-piezoelectric element may be connected to the first vibration element 110. The other end of each sub-piezoelectric element may be connected to the second vibration element 120 through the first elastic member 140 and the second elastic element 150 respectively. In some embodiments, the two sub-piezoelectric elements may be in a straight line.
  • the two sub-piezoelectric elements may be symmetrically arranged on a plane passing through the center of the first vibrating element 110 and perpendicular to the length extension direction of the beam-like structure.
  • the center of the first vibration element 110 can be regarded as the center position of the piezoelectric element composed of two sub-piezoelectric elements.
  • the first vibration element 110 is connected at the center position of the piezoelectric element, that is, the first position.
  • the acoustic output device 200 may further include one or more connectors (not shown), and two components of the acoustic output device 200 may be connected through the connectors.
  • the second vibration element 120 and the first elastic element 140 can be connected to the second position of the piezoelectric element 130 through a connecting piece.
  • the second vibration element 120 and the second elastic element 150 can be connected to the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 through a connecting piece.
  • the connecting member may be disposed at the second position (or third position) of the piezoelectric element 130.
  • One end of the first elastic member 140 (or the second elastic member 150) may be connected to the connecting member.
  • the first elastic member 140 (or the second elastic member 150) may be connected to the connecting member.
  • the other ends of the two elastic elements 150 can be connected to the second vibrating element 120.
  • the arrangement of the connector can enable the vibration at the second position or the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 to be transmitted to the first elastic element 140 or the second elastic element 150 and the second vibrating element 120, and at the same time, the first elastic element 140 And/or the structure of the second elastic element 150 can be configured to be more flexible.
  • the second vibration element 120 may be a vibration plate having the same shape as the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the vibration plate and the piezoelectric element 130 may be arranged opposite to each other.
  • the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 can be a spring (for example, a mechanical spring, an electromagnetic spring, etc.), or a rod made of other materials with a small elastic coefficient.
  • the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 may be vertically arranged between the second vibration element 120 and the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the first elastic element 140 may have a first elastic coefficient in the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120
  • the second elastic element 150 may have a second elastic coefficient in the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120 .
  • the first elastic element 140 and/or the second elastic element 150 may include a plurality of elastic rods (eg, the first elastic rod 142 or the second elastic rod 152 ).
  • the elastic rod can be connected to the piezoelectric element 130 through connections 182 and 184.
  • the elastic rod may be connected between the piezoelectric element 130 and the second vibration element 120 in an oblique or parallel manner to the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the first elastic rod may have a first elastic coefficient in the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120
  • the first elastic rod may also have a first elastic coefficient in the vibration direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120 .
  • the second elastic rod may have a second elastic coefficient in the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120
  • the second elastic rod may also have a fourth elasticity in the vibration direction perpendicular to the second vibration element 120 coefficient.
  • the elastic rod please refer to Figure 4 and its description, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 may be different. In some embodiments, the difference between the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 may affect the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device 200 (as shown in FIG. 3 ). In some embodiments, the second elastic coefficient may be greater than the first elastic coefficient. The ratio of the second elastic coefficient to the first elastic coefficient may be greater than 10. In some embodiments, in order to ensure that the acoustic output device 200 has high sensitivity in the range of 1.5kHz-3kHz and has a flat frequency response curve, the ratio of the second elastic coefficient to the first elastic coefficient may be in the range of 10-50 .
  • the ratio of the second elastic coefficient to the first elastic coefficient may be in the range of 50-100. In some embodiments, in order to ensure that the acoustic output device 200 has high sensitivity in the range of 3kHz-5kHz and has a flat frequency response curve, the ratio of the second elastic coefficient to the first elastic coefficient may be in the range of 100-1000. In some embodiments, the second elastic coefficient may be much greater than the first elastic coefficient. For example, the first elastic element 140 arranged in FIG.
  • the second elastic element 150 may be a rod made of a material with a large elastic modulus (for example, metal).
  • the second vibration element 120 may be rigidly connected to the piezoelectric element 130 through the rod, rather than elastically connected to the piezoelectric element 130 through the spring.
  • FIG. 3 is a frequency response curve diagram when a vibration signal of an exemplary acoustic output device is output from an elastic mass end according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • the curve L31 represents an acoustic output device (for example, the acoustic output device 200) in which the vibration signal is output from the elastic mass end when the first elastic coefficient ks1 of the first elastic element and the second elastic coefficient ks2 of the second elastic element are the same. ) frequency response curve.
  • Curve L32 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device in which the vibration signal is output from the elastic mass end when the ratio of the second elastic coefficient ks2 of the second elastic element to the first elastic coefficient ks1 of the first elastic element is 10.
  • Curve L33 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device in which the vibration signal is output from the elastic mass end when the ratio of the second elastic coefficient ks2 of the second elastic element to the first elastic coefficient ks1 of the first elastic element is 100.
  • Curve L34 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device in which the vibration signal is output from the elastic mass end when the ratio of the second elastic coefficient ks2 of the second elastic element to the first elastic coefficient ks1 of the first elastic element is 1000.
  • Curve L35 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device in which the vibration signal is output from the elastic mass end when the ratio of the second elastic coefficient ks2 of the second elastic element to the first elastic coefficient ks1 of the first elastic element is 10,000.
  • the first elastic coefficient ks1 of the first elastic element corresponding to each frequency response curve is the same and is 666.2N/m.
  • curves L31, L32, L33, L34 and L35 all have two resonance peaks in the range of 100Hz-5000Hz (which is within the audible range of the human ear).
  • the first resonance peak in the dotted coil M may be generated by the resonance of the second vibration element 120 , the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 .
  • the second resonance peak in the dotted coil N may be generated by the resonance of the first vibration element 110 and the piezoelectric element 130 . It can be seen from FIG.
  • the acoustic output device 200 changes from an elastically symmetrical acoustical output device (corresponding to the curve L31) to an elastically asymmetrical acoustical output device (for example, corresponding to the curve L31).
  • the first resonant frequency corresponding to the first resonance peak of the acoustic output device 200 increases slightly, and then a resonance valley is generated after the first resonance peak (that is, the resonance valley in the dotted coil O).
  • the position of the first resonance peak almost remains unchanged, and the frequency corresponding to the resonance valley after the first resonance peak hardly increases with the increase of the second elastic coefficient ks2 And change. Therefore, the position of the resonance valley is determined by the elastic element with a smaller elastic coefficient.
  • the second resonance peak i.e., the resonance peak in the dotted circle N
  • the frequency response amplitude after the second resonance peak is significantly improved.
  • the acoustic output device 200 has higher sensitivity in the mid-to-high frequency band (eg, 1kHz-10kHz).
  • the second elastic coefficient ks2 increases to 1000 times the first elastic coefficient ks1, the second elastic coefficient ks2 continues to increase, and the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device 200 is basically unchanged (for example, as shown by curve L34 and curve L35).
  • the acoustic output device 200 has higher sensitivity in the mid-to-high frequency band.
  • the difference between the second elastic coefficient ks2 and the first elastic coefficient ks1 increases, the sensitivity of the acoustic output device 200 in the mid-to-high frequency band increases.
  • the frequency response of the acoustic output device 200 in the mid-to-high frequency band is basically unchanged, that is, the sensitivity of the acoustic output device 200 in the mid-to-high frequency band no longer continues to increase.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • Figure 5 is a simulation model diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the acoustic output device 400 may have a similar structure to the acoustic output device 200 .
  • the acoustic output device 400 may include a first vibration element 110, a second vibration element 120, a piezoelectric element 130, a first elastic element 140, and a second elastic element 150.
  • the piezoelectric element 130 may include a beam-like structure.
  • the first vibration element 110 may be connected at a center position (ie, the first position) in the length direction of the beam-like structure.
  • the second vibration element 120 can be connected to both ends (ie, the second position and the third position) of the length extension direction of the beam-like structure through the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 .
  • the first position is the center position of the beam-like structure
  • the second position and the third position are respectively the two ends in the length extension direction of the beam-like structure.
  • the acoustic output device 400 may also include a first connection 182 and a second connection 184 .
  • the second vibration element 120 and the first elastic element 140 may be connected to the second position of the piezoelectric element 130 through the first connection member 182 .
  • the first connector 182 can be disposed at the second position of the piezoelectric element 130 , one end of the first elastic element 140 can be connected to the first connector 182 , and the other end of the first elastic element 140 can be connected to the second vibration element 120 .
  • the second vibration element 120 and the second elastic element 150 may be connected to the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 through the second connection member 184 .
  • the second connector 184 can be disposed at the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 , one end of the second elastic element 150 can be connected to the second connector 184 , and the other end of the second elastic element 150 can be connected to the second vibration element 120 .
  • At least one of the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 may be arranged in an oblique or parallel manner to the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the plane where the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 are located can be parallel to the surface of the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the elastic element arranged in an oblique or parallel manner to the piezoelectric element 130 may have an elastic coefficient component in the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120 and perpendicular to the vibration direction of the second vibration element. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the first elastic element 140 (not shown) has a first elastic coefficient along the direction ZZ′ perpendicular to the piezoelectric element 130 (or along the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120 ).
  • the elastic element 140 has a third elastic coefficient along the direction XX′ parallel to the length of the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the second elastic element 150 (not shown) has a second elastic coefficient along the direction ZZ' perpendicular to the piezoelectric element 130 (or along the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120), and the second elastic element 150 has a second elastic coefficient along the direction ZZ' perpendicular to the piezoelectric element 130.
  • the direction XX' of the length 130 has the fourth elastic coefficient.
  • the first elastic coefficient when the first elastic element 140 transmits vibration, can affect the displacement output of the first elastic element 140 in the ZZ' direction, and the third elastic coefficient can affect the first elastic element 140 in the XX' direction. displacement output. Due to the displacement output of the first elastic element 140 in the XX' direction, both ends of the first elastic element 140 (for example, an elastic rod) may be squeezed to produce bending deformation, so that the first elastic element 140 may bend in the direction XX' parallel to the length of the piezoelectric element 130. The elastic deformation can generate a displacement output in the direction ZZ′ perpendicular to the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the third elastic coefficient can affect the deformation ability of the first elastic element 140 in the ZZ’ direction, thereby affecting the vibration output of the second vibration element 120 connected to the first elastic element 140.
  • the displacement output of the second elastic element 150 in the XX' direction may cause both ends of the second elastic element 150 to be squeezed and produce bending deformation, so that the direction parallel to the piezoelectric element Elastic deformation in the direction XX' of the length of the piezoelectric element 130 can produce a displacement output in the direction ZZ' perpendicular to the piezoelectric element 130.
  • the fourth elastic coefficient can affect the deformation ability of the second elastic element 150 in the ZZ′ direction, thereby affecting the vibration output of the second vibration element 120 connected to the second elastic element 150.
  • the smaller the third elastic coefficient (or fourth elastic coefficient) the greater the contribution of the third elastic coefficient (or fourth elastic coefficient) to vibration transmission in the ZZ' direction.
  • the The first elastic coefficient of one elastic element 140 may be different from the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 .
  • the second elastic coefficient may be greater or smaller than the first elastic coefficient.
  • the second elastic coefficient is larger than the first elastic coefficient as an example.
  • the second vibrating element 120 will vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the piezoelectric element 130 while moving toward the first The elastic element 140 or the second elastic element 150 tilts and swings in a direction.
  • the influence of the third elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 on the vibration output of the second vibration element 120 in the direction ZZ' perpendicular to the piezoelectric element 130 and the fourth elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 can be further adjusted.
  • the elastic coefficient affects the vibration output of the second vibration element 120 in the direction ZZ′ perpendicular to the piezoelectric element 130 to change the frequency response performance of the acoustic output device 400 .
  • the third elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and the fourth elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 may be equal or different.
  • the ratio between the third elastic coefficient and the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and/or the ratio between the fourth elastic coefficient and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 may be greater than 1. ⁇ 10 4 . In some embodiments, the ratio between the third elastic coefficient and the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and/or the ratio between the fourth elastic coefficient and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 may be greater than 1. ⁇ 10 5 . In some embodiments, the ratio between the third elastic coefficient and the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and/or the ratio between the fourth elastic coefficient and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 may be greater than 1. ⁇ 10 6 . In some embodiments, the ratio between the third elastic coefficient and the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and/or the ratio between the fourth elastic coefficient and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 may be greater than 1. ⁇ 10 7 .
  • the first elastic element 140 may include one or more first elastic rods 142 and the second elastic element 150 may include one or more second elastic rods 152 .
  • the first elastic rod 142 and/or the second elastic rod 152 may have a cylindrical, cuboid, or any other suitable shape structure (for example, a concave-convex structure as shown in FIG. 4 ).
  • the first elasticity of the first elastic element 140 can be adjusted by adjusting the number, length, material, structure, layout mode, etc. of the first elastic rods 142 and/or the second elastic rods 152 or any combination thereof. The coefficient is different from the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 .
  • the number of first elastic rods 142 and the number of second elastic rods 152 may be the same or different.
  • the number of the first elastic rod 142 and the number of the second elastic rod 152 may be different.
  • the elastic coefficients of the two in the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120 ie, the first elastic coefficient and the second elastic coefficient )different.
  • the number of the first elastic rods 142 and the number of the second elastic rods 152 can be the same (for example, 2, 3, 4, etc.), and each first elastic rod 142 can have other characteristics (for example, 2, 3, 4, etc.). , length, material, etc.) are different from other corresponding characteristics (eg, length, material, etc.) of each second elastic rod 152, such that the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and the second elasticity of the second elastic element 150 The coefficients are different.
  • the material of each first elastic rod in the one or more first elastic rods 142 may be different from the material of each second elastic rod in the one or more second elastic rods 152 so that the first elastic rod is made of a different material.
  • the first elastic coefficient of the element 140 and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 are different.
  • the material of the first elastic rod 142 can be a material with a small elastic modulus (for example, silicone, foam, plastic, rubber, etc.)
  • the material of the second elastic rod 152 can be a material with a large elastic modulus. (e.g. metals, alloys, etc.).
  • the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 can be made different by changing the layout pattern of the first elastic rod 142 and/or the second elastic rod 152 .
  • each first elastic rod 142 is the same as each second elastic rod 152 (for example, material, length, etc.)
  • the number of the first elastic rods 142 is the same as the number of the second elastic rods 152
  • you can set The angle between every two adjacent first elastic rods 142 or the angle between every two adjacent second elastic rods 152 determines the first elastic coefficient and the second elasticity of the first elastic element 140
  • the second elastic coefficient of the element 150 is different.
  • the angle between every two adjacent second elastic rods 152 can be made smaller than the angle between every two adjacent first elastic rods 142 .
  • the first elastic rod 142 can be centered over the piezoelectric element 130 and
  • the second elastic rod 152 may also be symmetrically arranged on a plane perpendicular to the surface of the piezoelectric element 130 and passing through the center of the piezoelectric element 130 and perpendicular to the surface of the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and the second elasticity of the second elastic element 150 can be adjusted by making the lengths of each first elastic rod 142 and each second elastic rod 152 different. The coefficients are different.
  • the length of the first elastic rod 142 may refer to the length of the first elastic rod 142 in a state not affected by external force (ie, a natural state)
  • the length of the second elastic rod 152 may be It refers to the length of the second elastic rod 152 in a state where it is not acted upon by external force.
  • the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and the third elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 can also be adjusted by making each first elastic rod 142 and each second elastic rod 152 have different structures.
  • the two elastic coefficients are different.
  • each first elastic rod 142 may have a concave-convex structure
  • each second elastic rod 152 may have a cylindrical long rod structure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • the acoustic output device 600 has a similar structure to the acoustic output device 400 .
  • the difference between the acoustic output device 600 and the acoustic output device 500 is that in the acoustic output device 600 , in addition to the second elastic rod 152 , the second elastic element 150 also includes a third connecting member 190 .
  • the second vibration element 120 may further be connected to the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 through the third connection member 190 .
  • the third connection member 190 may be a component made of any material.
  • the third connecting piece 190 and the second elastic rod 152 may together form the second elastic element 150 .
  • the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 (for example, the second elastic coefficient in the vibration direction of the second vibration element 120) is jointly provided by the third connecting member 190 and the second elastic rod 152.
  • the third connecting member 190 (which may be the third connecting member 190 ) can be configured.
  • the second elastic element 150 provides an additional elastic coefficient), so that the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 is different from the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 .
  • the difference between the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 and the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 can be adjusted by changing the structure, material, etc. of the third connecting member 190, so that the acoustic The sensitivity of the output device 600 in different frequency bands can be improved to adapt to more usage scenarios.
  • the third connecting member 190 may be in the shape of a sheet, annular, prismatic, rectangular, columnar, spherical, or any combination thereof, or may be in other irregular shapes.
  • the material of the third connecting member 190 may be silicone, foam, plastic, rubber, metal, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the third connecting member 190 when the third connecting member 190 is made of a material with a large elastic modulus (for example, metal, alloy, etc.), it is equivalent to the second vibration element 120 and the piezoelectric element 130 passing through the third connecting member. 190 is rigidly connected, in which case the second elastic rod 152 can be removed. As shown in the acoustic output device 700 in FIG. 7 , the second vibration element 120 can be directly connected to the third position of the piezoelectric element 130 through the third connection member 190 . At this time, the third connecting member 190 is the second elastic element 150 .
  • a material with a large elastic modulus for example, metal, alloy, etc.
  • the second elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 may be greater than 1 ⁇ 10 4 N/m. In some embodiments, in order to form a rigid connection between the second vibration element 120 and the second connecting member 184, the second elastic coefficient may be greater than 1 ⁇ 10 5 N/m. In some embodiments, in order to form a rigid connection between the second vibration element 120 and the second connecting member 184, the second elastic coefficient may be greater than 1 ⁇ 10 6 N/m. In some embodiments, in order to form a rigid connection between the second vibration element 120 and the second connecting member 184, the second elastic coefficient may be greater than 1 ⁇ 10 7 N/m.
  • the first elastic element 140 may include a fourth connection member (not shown in the figure), and the second vibration element 120 may further be connected to the second position of the piezoelectric element 130 through the fourth connection member.
  • the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 140 and the third elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 150 can be made different by making the third connecting member 190 and the fourth connecting member different (for example, different structures, materials, etc.). The two elastic coefficients are different.
  • curve L81 indicates that the first elastic coefficient ks1 of the first elastic element and the second elastic coefficient ks2 of the second elastic element are both 666.2N/m, and the third elastic coefficient kh1 of the first elastic element and The frequency response curve of the acoustic output device when the vibration signal is output from the elastic mass end when the fourth elastic coefficient kh2 of the second elastic element is the same as 666.2N/m.
  • Curve L82, curve L83, and curve L84 indicate that the first elastic coefficient of the first elastic element is all 666.2N/m, and the ratios of the first elastic coefficient ks1 of the first elastic element and the second elastic coefficient ks2 of the second elastic element are all 100, and the ratios of the third elastic coefficient kh1 and the first elastic coefficient ks1 of the first elastic element are 100, 1000, and 2000 respectively, and the ratios of the fourth elastic coefficient kh2 and the second elastic coefficient ks2 of the second elastic element are 100 respectively. , 1000, 2000, the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device (for example, the acoustic output device 400) where the vibration signal is output from the elastic mass end.
  • the acoustic output device for example, the acoustic output device 400
  • curves L81, L82, L83 and L84 all have two resonance peaks in the range of 100Hz-5000Hz (which is within the audible range of the human ear).
  • the first resonance peak in the dotted coil Q may be generated by the resonance of the second vibration element 120 , the first elastic element 140 and the second elastic element 150 .
  • the second resonance peak in the dotted coil P may be generated by the resonance of the first vibration element 110 and the piezoelectric element 130 .
  • the first resonance frequency corresponding to the first resonance peak of the acoustic output device 400 increases, and then a resonance valley is generated after the first resonance peak. (That is, the resonance valley in the dotted circle P).
  • the third elastic coefficient kh1 of the first elastic element and the fourth elastic coefficient kh2 of the second elastic element can affect the vibration output of the second vibration element 120, when the third elastic coefficient is gradually increased.
  • the third elastic coefficient kh1 of an elastic element 140 and the fourth elastic coefficient kh2 of the second elastic element 150 (corresponding to curve L82 to curve L84)
  • the first resonance frequency corresponding to the first resonance peak and the resonance valley that follows The corresponding frequency gradually moves to high frequency at the same time, the frequency response amplitude before the first resonance peak increases slightly, and the frequency response amplitude after the second resonance peak increases significantly.
  • the acoustic output device 400 has higher sensitivity in the mid-to-high frequency band (eg, 1kHz-10kHz).
  • the third elastic coefficient kh1 of the first elastic element 140 increases to 2000 times the first elastic coefficient ks1
  • the fourth elastic coefficient kh2 of the second elastic element 150 increases to 2000 times the second elastic coefficient ks2
  • the first resonance The first resonant valley and the second resonant peak after the peak produce an obvious canceling effect (corresponding to curve L84), thereby making the frequency response of the corresponding acoustic output device flatter.
  • the difference between the second elastic coefficient ks2 and the first elastic coefficient ks1 increases, the sensitivity of the acoustic output device 200 in the mid-to-high frequency band increases.
  • the frequency response of the acoustic output device 200 in the mid-to-high frequency band is basically unchanged, that is, the sensitivity of the acoustic output device 200 in the mid-to-high frequency band no longer continues to increase.
  • the acoustic output device 400 has higher sensitivity in the mid-to-high frequency band.
  • the first elastic coefficient ks1 and the second elastic coefficient ks2 are kept unchanged, as the third elastic coefficient kh1 and the fourth elastic coefficient kh2 increase, the sensitivity of the acoustic output device 400 in the mid-to-high frequency range increases, and in the mid-to-high frequency range, the sensitivity of the acoustic output device 400 increases.
  • the frequency response curve within the segment is flatter.
  • the difference between the second elastic coefficient ks2 and the first elastic coefficient ks1 may be set to 10 3 N/m-10 4 N /m range, while setting the third elastic coefficient kh1 in the range of 10 3 N/m-10 4 N/m, and setting the fourth elastic coefficient kh2 in the range of 10 5 N/m-10 6 N/m.
  • the difference between the second elastic coefficient ks2 and the first elastic coefficient ks1 can be set In the range of 10 3 -10 4 N/m, at the same time, the third elastic coefficient kh1 is set in the range of 10 5 N/m-10 7 N/m, and the fourth elastic coefficient kh2 is set in the range of 10 5 N/m-10 Within the range of 9 N/m.
  • numbers are used to describe the quantities of components and properties. It should be understood that such numbers used to describe the embodiments are modified by the modifiers "approximately”, “approximately” or “substantially” in some examples. Grooming. Unless otherwise stated, “about,” “approximately,” or “substantially” means that the stated number is allowed to vary by ⁇ 20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired features of the individual embodiment. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should account for the specified number of significant digits and use general digit preservation methods. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to identify the breadth of ranges in some embodiments of this specification are approximations, in specific embodiments, such numerical values are set as accurately as is feasible.

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Abstract

本说明书实施例提供一种声学输出装置，包括：第一振动元件、第二振动元件、以及压电元件。所述压电元件响应于电信号而带动所述第一振动元件和所述第二振动元件振动，其中，所述第一振动元件连接于所述压电元件的第一位置，所述第二振动元件至少通过第一弹性元件连接于所述压电元件的第二位置，所述第二振动元件至少通过第二弹性元件连接于所述压电元件的第三位置，在所述第二振动元件的振动方向上，所述第一弹性元件的第一弹性系数与所述第二弹性元件的第二弹性系数不同。

Description

一种声学输出装置 技术领域
本申请涉及声学技术领域，特别涉及一种声学输出装置。
背景技术
压电式的声学输出装置是利用压电材料的逆压电效应产生振动向外辐射声波，与传动电动式扬声器相比，具有机电换能效率高、能耗低、体积小、集成度高等优势。在当今器件小型化和集成化的趋势下，压电式的声学输出装置具有极其广阔的前景与未来。但是，压电式的声学输出装置存在中高频段(例如，500Hz～10kHz的频率范围)内的灵敏度较低、在人耳可听域内(例如，20Hz-20kHz)的振动模态较多等问题，从而导致其音质较差的问题。
因此，希望提供一种压电式的声学输出装置，以提升其在中高频段的灵敏度，同时减少其在可听域内的振动模态，提升声学输出装置的音质效果。
发明内容
本说明书实施例提供一种声学输出装置，包括：第一振动元件；第二振动元件；以及压电元件，所述压电元件响应于电信号而带动所述第一振动元件和所述第二振动元件振动，其中，所述第一振动元件连接于所述压电元件的第一位置，所述第二振动元件至少通过第一弹性元件连接于所述压电元件的第二位置，所述第二振动元件至少通过第二弹性元件连接于所述压电元件的第三位置，在所述第二振动元件的振动方向上，所述第一弹性元件的第一弹性系数与所述第二弹性元件的第二弹性系数不同。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置还包括：第一连接件和第二连接件，所述第一弹性元件通过所述第一连接件连接于所述压电元件的所述第二位置，所述第二弹性元件通过所述第二连接件连接于所述压电元件的所述第三位置。
在一些实施例中，所述第一弹性元件包括一个或多个第一弹性杆，所述第二弹性元件包括一个或多个第二弹性杆。
在一些实施例中，所述第一弹性杆的数量与所述第二弹性杆的数量相同。
在一些实施例中，所述一个或多个第一弹性杆中的每个第一弹性杆的长度与所述一个或多个第二弹性杆中每个第二弹性杆的长度不同。
在一些实施例中，所述一个或多个第一弹性杆的材质与所述一个或多个第二弹性杆的材质不同。
在一些实施例中，所述一个或多个第一弹性杆中每两个相邻的第一弹性杆的夹角与所述一个或多个第二弹性杆中每两个相邻的第二弹性杆的夹角不同。
在一些实施例中，所述一个或多个第一弹性杆中的每个第一弹性杆与所述一个或多个第二弹性杆中的每个第二弹性杆相同，所述第一弹性杆的数量与所述第二弹性杆的数量不同。
在一些实施例中，所述第二弹性元件还包括第三连接件，所述第二振动元件进一步至少通过所述第三连接件连接于所述压电元件的所述第三位置。
在一些实施例中，所述第一弹性元件包括一个或多个第一弹性杆，所述第二弹性元件包括第三连接件，所述第二振动元件通过所述第三连接件连接于所述压电元件的所述第三位置。
在一些实施例中，所述第一弹性元件的所述第一弹性系数小于所述第二弹性元件的所述第二弹性系数，所述第二弹性元件的第二弹性系数大于1×10 4N/m。
在一些实施例中，所述第二弹性元件的所述第二弹性系数与所述第一弹性元件的 所述第一弹性系数之间的比值大于10。
在一些实施例中，在垂直于所述第二振动元件的振动方向上，所述第一弹性元件具有第三弹性系数，所述第三弹性系数与所述第一弹性系数之间的比值大于1×10 4；或者在垂直于所述第二振动元件的振动方向上，所述第二弹性元件具有第四弹性系数，所述第四弹性系数与所述第二弹性系数之间的比值大于1×10 4。
在一些实施例中，所述第一振动元件和所述第二振动元件的所述振动产生人耳可听范围内的两个谐振峰。
在一些实施例中，所述第二振动元件和所述第一弹性元件以及所述第二弹性元件谐振产生所述两个谐振峰中频率较低的峰，所述压电元件和所述第一振动元件的谐振产生所述两个谐振峰中频率较高的峰。
在一些实施例中，所述两个谐振峰中频率较低的峰的频率在50Hz～2kHz范围内，所述两个谐振峰中频率较高的峰的频率在1kHz～10kHz范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述压电元件包括梁状结构，所述第一位置位于所述梁状结构的长度延伸方向的中心。
在一些实施例中，所述第二位置和所述第三位置分别位于所述梁状结构的所述长度延伸方向的两个端部。
在一些实施例中，所述振动通过所述第二振动元件以骨传导的方式传递给用户。
在一些实施例中，所述压电元件的长度在3mm～30mm的范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述压电元件包括两层压电片和基板，所述两层压电片分别贴附在所述基板的相反两侧，所述基板根据所述两层压电片沿长度延伸方向的伸缩产生振动。
附加的特征将在下面的描述中部分地阐述，并且对于本领域技术人员来说，通过查阅以下内容和附图将变得显而易见，或者可以通过实例的产生或操作来了解。本发明的特征可以通过实践或使用以下详细实例中阐述的方法、工具和组合的各个方面来实现和获得。
附图说明
根据示例性实施例可以进一步描述本申请。参考附图可以详细描述所述示例性实施例。所述实施例并非限制性的示例性实施例，其中相同的附图标记代表附图的几个视图中相似的结构，并且其中：
图1是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的结构框图；
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图3是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的振动信号由弹性质量端输出时的频响曲线图；
图4是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图5是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的仿真模型图；
图6是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图7是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的另一示例性声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图8是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的振动信号由弹性质量端输出时的频响曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本说明书实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本说明书的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本说明书应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
应当理解，本文使用的“系统”、“装置”、“单元”和/或“模组”是用于区分不同级别的不同组件、元件、部件、部分或装配的一种方法。然而，如果其他词语可实现相同的目的，则可通过其他表达来替换所述词语。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其他的步骤或元素。术语“基于”是“至少部分地基于”。术语“一个实施例”表示“至少一个实施例”；术语“另一实施例”表示“至少一个另外的实施例”。
在本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本说明书的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个、三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本说明书中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解。例如，术语“连接”可以指固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本说明书中的具体含义。
本说明书实施例提供一种声学输出装置，该声学输出装置包括第一振动元件、第二振动元件以及压电元件。压电元件可以响应于电信号而带动第一振动元件和第二振动元件振动。第一振动元件连接于压电元件的第一位置，第二振动元件至少通过第一弹性元件连接于压电元件的第二位置，第二振动元件至少通过第二弹性元件连接于压电元件的第三位置。根据本说明书的实施例，在第二振动元件的振动方向上，通过使第一弹性元件的第一弹性系数与第二弹性元件的第二弹性系数不同，可以提升声学输出装置在中高频段(例如，1kHz-10kHz)内的灵敏度，从而有利于声学输出装置在特殊场景下的应用。
下面将结合附图对本说明书实施例提供的声学输出装置进行详细描述。
图1是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的结构框图。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以为骨导声学输出装置、气导声学输出装置或骨气导结合的声学输出装置。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以包括音响、耳机、眼镜、助听器、增强现实(AugmentedReality，AR)设备、虚拟现实(VirtualReality，VR)设备等或具有音频播放功能的其他设备(如手机、电脑等)。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以为开放式的声学输出装置。如图1所示，声学输出装置100可以包括第一振动元件110、第二振动元件120、压电元件130、第一弹性元件140以及第二弹性元件150。
第一振动元件110与第二振动元件120均可以为具有一定质量的质量块。在一些实施例中，第一振动元件110和/或第二振动元件120可以包括振动板、振膜等，以使声学输出装置100通过第一振动元件110和/或第二振动元件120输出振动。在一些实施例中，质量块的材质可以包括但不限于金属(例如，铜、铁、镁、铝、钨等)、合金(铝合金、钛合金、钨合金等)、高分子材料(例如，聚四氟乙烯、硅橡胶等)等材质。在一些实施例中，第一振动元件110的材质与第二振动元件120的材质可以相同也可以不同。在一些实施例中，第一振动元件110的质量与第二振动元件120的质量可以相同也可以不同。在一些实施例中，第一振动元件110或第二振动元件120的质量可以小于10g。在一些实施例中，第一振动元件110或第二振动元件120的质量可以小于8g。在一些实施例中，第一振动元件110或第二振动元件120的质量可以小于6g。在一些实施例中，第一振动元件110或第二振动元件120的质量可以小于5g。
压电元件130可以是能利用逆压电效应将电能转换为机械能的电能转换设备。在 一些实施例中，压电元件130可以由压电陶瓷、压电石英、压电晶体、压电聚合物等具有压电效应的材料组成。在一些实施例中，压电元件130可以为片状、环状、棱型、长方体型、柱型、球型等形状，或其任意组合，也可以为其他不规则形状。在一些实施例中，压电元件130可以包括梁状结构(例如，具有一定宽度的条形结构)(如图2、图4所示)。作为示例，梁状结构可以包括两层压电片和基板，两层压电片分别贴附在基板的相反两侧。基板可以根据两层压电片沿压电梁结构的长度延伸方向的伸缩产生振动(例如，沿着垂直于基板表面的方向振动)。在本说明书中，压电元件130的梁状结构的长度延伸方向可以指梁状结构在该延伸方向上的特征尺寸大于梁状结构在其他任意方向的特征尺寸1倍以上的方向。在一些实施例中，梁状结构可以包括直线型的梁状结构、弯曲型的梁状结构等。在本说明书中，将以直线型的梁状结构作为示例进行说明，其并不旨在限制本说明书的范围。更多关于梁状结构的描述可以参见图2及其描述。
第一振动元件110可以物理连接(例如，胶接、卡接、螺纹连接、焊接等)于压电元件130的第一位置。第二振动元件120可以至少通过第一弹性元件140连接于压电元件130的第二位置，以及至少通过第二弹性元件150连接于压电元件130的第三位置。换句话说，第一弹性元件140的一端可以连接在压电元件130的第二位置，第二弹性元件150的一端可以连接在压电元件130的第三位置，第一弹性元件140和第二压电元件150的另一端同时连接在第二振动元件120上。压电元件130可以在驱动电压(或激励信号)的作用下发生变形，从而产生振动。第一振动元件110与第二振动元件120可以分别响应于压电元件130的振动而产生振动。具体地，压电元件130可以将振动直接传递给第一振动元件110，压电元件130的振动可以通过第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150传递至第二振动元件120。也就是说，第二振动元件120可以同时接收第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150传递的振动。在本说明书实施例中，直接与压电元件130连接的第一振动元件110可以称为质量端，而通过第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150与压电元件130连接的第二振动元件120可以称为弹性质量端。
在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150可以连接于第二振动元件120的相同或不同位置。例如，如图5所示，第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150可以同时连接于第二振动元件120的中间位置A。又例如，如图5所示，第一弹性元件140可以连接于第二振动元件120的位置A’，第二弹性元件150可以连接于第二振动元件120的位置A”。
在一些实施例中，当压电元件130包括梁状结构时，第一位置可以位于梁状结构的长度延伸方向的中心。第二位置和第三位置可以分别位于梁状结构的长度延伸方向的两个端部。在一些实施例中，第二位置和第三位置可以分别位于梁状结构的长度延伸方向上关于其中心对称或不对称的任意两个位置。在一些实施例中，压电元件130还可以包括诸如圆形、三角形、五边形、六边形等规则形状或其他不规则形状。例如，当压电元件130的形状为圆形时，第一位置可以为该圆形的圆心，第二位置和第三位置可以分别位于该圆形的径向两端。又例如，当压电元件130的形状为不规则形状，第一位置可以为该不规则形状的质心，第二位置和第三位置可以分别是该不规则形状上(例如，边缘)关于其质心对称或不对称的两个位置。在本说明书中，为便于描述，将以具有梁状结构的压电元件作为压电元件130的示例。
在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150可以(通过胶接、焊接、卡接等方式)直接连接于压电元件130的第二位置和第三位置。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100还可以包括第一连接件和第二连接件(未示出)。第二振动元件120和第一弹性元件140可以通过第一连接件连接于压电元件130的第二位置，第二振动元件120和第二弹性元件150可以通过第二连接件连接于压电元件130的第三位置。例如，如图4所示，第二振动元件120和第一弹性元件140可以通过第一连接件182连接于压电元件130的端 部(即第二位置)，第二振动元件120和第二弹性元件140可以通过第二连接件184连接于压电元件130的另一端部(即第三位置)。
在第二振动元件120的振动方向上，第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数与第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数可以不同。在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150的材料可以为任何具有传输振动能力的材料。例如，第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150的材料可以为硅胶、泡棉、塑胶、橡胶、金属等，或其任意组合。在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150可以是具有良好弹性(即易发生弹性形变)的元器件。例如，第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150可以包括弹簧(例如空气弹簧、机械弹簧、电磁弹簧等)、传振片、弹片、基板等，或其任意组合。在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150可以包括一个或多个弹性杆(例如，图4所示的第一弹性杆142和/或第二弹性杆152)。第二振动元件120可以与一个或多个弹性杆连接，从而实现与压电元件130的第二位置和/或第三位置之间的连接。在一些实施例中，可以通过调节第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150的长度、材质或其中包括的弹性杆的数量、长度、材质、夹角等或其任意组合，以使第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数和第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数不同。更多关于第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150的描述可以参见本说明书的其他地方(例如，图2、图4及其描述)，此处不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，第一振动元件110和第二振动元件120的振动可以产生人耳可听频率范围内(例如，20Hz-20kHz)的两个谐振峰。具体地，第二振动元件120和第一弹性元件140以及第二弹性元件150的谐振可以产生所述两个谐振峰中频率较低(例如，50Hz-2000Hz)的第一谐振峰(如图3中的虚线圈M中的谐振峰)，压电元件130和第一振动元件110的谐振可以产生所述两个谐振峰中频率较高(例如，1kHz-10kHz)的第二谐振峰(如图3中的虚线圈N中的谐振峰)。第二谐振峰对应的频率(也可以称为第二谐振频率)可以高于第一谐振峰对应的频率(也可以称为第一谐振频率)。
在一些实施例中，通过调整第二振动元件120的质量、第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150的弹性系数(例如，第一弹性系数和/或第二弹性系数)可以调整第一谐振峰对应的第一谐振频率和/或第二谐振峰对应的第二谐振频率的频率范围。在一些实施例中，第一谐振频率的频率范围可以为20Hz-2000Hz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振频率的频率范围可以为50Hz-1500Hz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振频率的频率范围可以为100Hz-1000Hz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振频率的频率范围可以为150Hz-500Hz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振频率的频率范围可以为150Hz-200Hz。
在一些实施例中，通过调整压电元件130的性能参数可以调整第二谐振峰对应的第二谐振频率的频率范围。在一些实施例中，压电元件130的性能参数可以包括几何参数、材料参数等。示例性的几何参数可以包括厚度、长度等。示例性的材料参数可以包括弹性模量、密度等。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率可以是压电元件130的固有频率。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率的频率范围可以为1kHz-10kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率的频率范围可以为1kHz-9kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率的频率范围可以为1kHz-8kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率的频率范围可以为1kHz-7kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率的频率范围可以为1kHz-6kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率的频率范围可以为2kHz-5kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率的频率范围可以为3kHz-4kHz。
在一些实施例中，可以在声学输出装置100中的一个或多个元件上附加阻尼，从而使声学输出装置100的谐振峰更加平滑。例如，可以使用阻尼效果较大的材料(例如，硅胶、橡胶、泡棉等)来制备第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150。又例如，可以在压电元件130上涂覆阻尼材料。再例如，可以在第一振动元件110和/或第二振动元件120上涂覆阻尼材料或电磁阻尼。
一些实施例中，压电元件130(或声学输出装置100)的振动可以通过第一振动元 件110和/或第二振动元件120以骨传导的方式传递给用户。示例性的，第二振动元件120可以直接与用户的头部皮肤接触，压电元件130的振动通过第二振动元件120传递至用户面部的骨骼和/或肌肉，最终传递到用户的耳部。又例如，第二振动元件120也可以不与人体直接接触，压电元件130的振动可以通过第二振动元件120传递至声学输出装置的外壳，再由外壳传递至用户面部骨骼和/或肌肉，最终传递到用户的耳部。在一些实施例中，压电元件130的振动也可以通过第一振动元件110和/或第二振动元件120以气传导的方式传递给用户。示例性地，第二振动元件120可以直接带动其周围的空气振动，从而通过空气传递至用户耳部。又例如，第二振动元件120可以进一步地与振膜相连，第二振动元件120的振动可以传递至振膜，再由振膜带动空气振动，从而通过空气传递至用户耳部。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100还可以包括壳体结构160。壳体结构160可以被配置为承载声学输出装置100的其他部件(例如，第一振动元件110、第二振动元件120、压电元件130、第一弹性元件140或第二弹性元件150等)。在一些实施例中，壳体结构160可以是内部中空的封闭式或半封闭式结构，且声学输出装置100的其他部件位于壳体结构内或上。在一些实施例中，壳体结构160的形状可以为长方体、圆柱体、圆台等规则或不规则形状的立体结构。当用户佩戴声学输出装置100时，壳体结构160可以位于靠近用户耳朵附近的位置。例如，壳体结构160可以位于用户耳廓的周侧(例如，前侧或后侧)。又例如，壳体结构160可以位于用户耳朵上但不堵塞或覆盖用户的耳道。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以为骨导耳机，壳体结构160的至少一侧可以与用户的皮肤接触。骨导耳机中声学驱动器组件(例如，压电元件130、第一振动元件110、第一弹性元件140、第二弹性元件150和第二振动元件120的组合)将音频信号转换为机械振动，该机械振动可以通过壳体结构160以及用户的骨骼传递至用户的听觉神经。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以为气导耳机，壳体结构160的至少一侧可以与用户的皮肤接触或不接触。壳体结构160的侧壁上包括至少一个导声孔，气导耳机中的声学驱动器组件将音频信号转换为气导声音，该气导声音可以通过导声孔向用户耳朵的方向进行辐射。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以包括固定结构170。固定结构170可以被配置为将声学输出装置100固定在用户耳朵附近。在一些实施例中，固定结构170可以与声学输出装置100的壳体结构160物理连接(例如，胶接、卡接、螺纹连接等)。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100的壳体结构160可以为固定结构170的一部分。在一些实施例中，固定结构170可以包括耳挂、后挂、弹性带、眼镜腿等，使得声学输出装置100可以更好地固定在用户耳朵附近位置，防止用户在使用时发生掉落。例如，固定结构170可以为耳挂，耳挂可以被配置为围绕耳部区域佩戴。在一些实施例中，耳挂可以是连续的钩状物，并可以被弹性地拉伸以佩戴在用户的耳部，同时耳挂还可以对用户的耳廓施加压力，使得声学输出装置100牢固地固定在用户的耳部或头部的特定位置上。在一些实施例中，耳挂可以是不连续的带状物。例如，耳挂可以包括刚性部分和柔性部分。刚性部分可以由刚性材料(例如，塑料或金属)制成，刚性部分可以与声学输出装置100的壳体结构160通过物理连接(例如，卡接、螺纹连接等)的方式进行固定。柔性部分可以由弹性材料(例如，布料、复合材料或/和氯丁橡胶)制成。又例如，固定结构170可以为颈带，被配置为围绕颈/肩区域佩戴。再例如，固定结构170可以为眼镜腿，其作为眼镜的一部分，被架设在用户耳部。
应当注意的是，以上关于图1的描述仅仅是出于说明的目的而提供的，并不旨在限制本申请的范围。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，根据本申请的指导可以做出多种变化和修改。例如，在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100还可以包括一个或多个部件(例如，信号收发器、交互模块、电池等)。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100中的一个或多个部件可以被其他能实现类似功能的元件替代。例如，声学输出装置100可以不包括固定结构170，壳体结构160或其一部分可以为具有人体耳朵适配形状(例如圆环形、椭圆形、 多边形(规则或不规则)、U型、V型、半圆形)的壳体结构，以便壳体结构可以挂靠在用户的耳朵附近。这些变化和修改不会背离本申请的范围。
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的结构示意图。如图2所示，声学输出装置200可以包括第一振动元件110、第二振动元件120、压电元件130、第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150。压电元件130可以包括梁状结构。在一些实施例中，压电元件130的长度(即沿梁状结构长度延伸方向的尺寸)可以在3mm-30mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，压电元件130的长度可以在3mm-25mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，压电元件130的长度可以在3mm-20mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，压电元件130的长度可以在3mm-18mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，压电元件130的长度可以在3mm-15mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，压电元件130的长度可以在3mm-10mm的范围内。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，压电元件130可以包括两个压电片(即，压电片132和压电片134)与基板136。基板136可以被配置为承载元器件的载体以及响应振动发生形变的元件。在一些实施例中，基板136的材料可以包括金属(如覆铜箔、钢制等)、酚醛树脂、交联聚苯乙烯等中的一种或多种的组合。在一些实施例中，基板136的形状可以根据压电元件130的形状进行确定。例如，压电元件130为压电悬臂梁，则基板136可以对应设置为长条状。又例如，压电元件130为压电膜，则基板136可以对应设置为板状、片状。
压电片132和压电片134可以为提供压电效应和/或逆压电效应的组件。在一些实施例中，压电片可以覆盖于基板136的一个或多个表面，并在驱动电压的作用下发生形变带动基板136发生形变，从而实现压电元件130输出振动。例如，沿压电元件130的厚度方向(如图箭头ZZ’所示)，压电片132和压电片134分别贴附在基板136的相反两侧，基板136可以根据压电片132和压电片134沿压电元件130长度延伸方向(如图箭头XX’所示)的伸缩而产生振动。具体地，当沿压电元件130的厚度方向ZZ’通电时，位于基板136一侧的压电片可以沿其长度延伸方向收缩，位于基板136另一侧的压电片可以沿其长度延伸方向伸长，从而带动基板136沿垂直于基板136表面的方向(即厚度方向ZZ’)弯曲振动。
在一些实施例中，压电片132和/或134的材质可以包括压电陶瓷、压电石英、压电晶体、压电聚合物等，或其任意组合。示例性压电晶体可以包括水晶、闪锌矿、方硼石、电气石、红锌矿、GaAs、钛酸钡及其衍生结构晶体、KH2PO4、NaKC4H4O6·4H2O(罗息盐)等。示例性压电陶瓷材料可以包括钛酸钡(BT)、锆钛酸铅(PZT)、铌酸铅钡锂(PBLN)、改性钛酸铅(PT)、氮化铝(AIN)、氧化锌(ZnO)等，或其任意组合。示例性压电聚合物材料可以包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)等。
第一振动元件110可以连接于压电元件130的第一位置。第二振动元件120可以通过第一弹性元件140连接于压电元件130的第二位置，以及通过第二弹性元件150连接于压电元件130的第三位置。需要知道的是，当具有梁状结构的压电元件130振动时，其端部的振幅幅度较大，因此第一位置、第二位置和/或第三位置位于梁状结构的端部时，与其对应的振动元件端的输出响应灵敏度较高，音质较好。
在一些实施例中，第一位置可以位于梁状结构的长度延伸方向的中心，第二位置可以位于梁状结构长度延伸方向的一端，第三位置可以位于梁状结构长度延伸方向的另一端，从而实现压电元件130以过第一位置且垂直于梁状结构的长度延伸方向的面为对称面的对称结构。例如，如图2所示，第一振动元件110可以贴合在压电元件130的长度延伸方向的第一表面的中间位置(即第一位置)，第一弹性元件140可以贴合在压电元件130的长度延伸方向的与第一表面相对的第二表面的一端(即第二位置)，第二弹性元件140可以贴合在压电元件130的长度延伸方向的与第一表面相对的第二表面的另一端(即第三位置)。在一些实施例中，压电元件130可以包括两个子压电元件。每个子压电元件的一端可以连 接在第一振动元件110上。每个子压电元件的另一端可以分别通过第一弹性件140和第二弹性元件150与第二振动元件120连接。在一些实施例中，两个子压电元件可以在一条直线上。两个子压电元件可以以过第一振动元件110中心且垂直于梁状结构的长度延伸方向的面呈对称布置。在这种情况下，第一振动元件110的中心可以看作由两个子压电元件构成的压电元件的中心位置。第一振动元件110连接在该压电元件的中心位置，即第一位置。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置200还可以包括一个或多个连接件(未示出)，声学输出装置200的两个部件之间可以通过连接件进行连接。例如，第二振动元件120与第一弹性元件140可以通过连接件连接于压电元件130的第二位置。又例如，第二振动元件120与第二弹性元件150可以通过连接件连接于压电元件130的第三位置。连接件可以设置于压电元件130的第二位置(或第三位置)处，第一弹性元件140(或第二弹性元件150)的一端可以与连接件相连，第一弹性元件140(或第二弹性元件150)的另一端可以与第二振动元件120相连。连接件的设置可以使得压电元件130第二位置或第三位置处的振动可以传递至第一弹性元件140或第二弹性元件150与第二振动元件120的同时，还使得第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150的结构可以设置得更加灵活。例如，如图2所示，第二振动元件120可以为与压电元件130具有相同形状的振动板。振动板与压电元件130可以相对布置。第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150可以为弹簧(例如，机械弹簧、电磁弹簧等)，或由其他弹性系数较小的材质制成的杆状物。第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150可以竖直布置在第二振动元件120和压电元件130之间。在这种情况下，第一弹性元件140可以具有在第二振动元件120的振动方向的第一弹性系数，第二弹性元件150可以具有在第二振动元件120的振动方向的第二弹性系数。又例如，如图4所示，第一弹性元件140和/或第二弹性元件150可以包括多个弹性杆(例如，第一弹性杆142或第二弹性杆152)。弹性杆可以通过连接件182和184与压电元件130连接。弹性杆可以以倾斜或平行于压电元件130的方式连接于压电元件130和第二振动元件120之间。在这种情况下，第一弹性杆可以具有在第二振动元件120的振动方向上的第一弹性系数，同时第一弹性杆还可以具有在垂直于第二振动元件120的振动方向上的第三弹性系数，第二弹性杆可以具有在第二振动元件120的振动方向上的第二弹性系数，且第二弹性杆还可以具有在垂直于第二振动元件120的振动方向上的第四弹性系数。更多关于弹性杆的描述可以参见图4及其描述，此处不在赘述。
第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数与第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数可以不同。在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数与第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数之间的差值可以影响声学输出装置200的频响曲线(如图3所示)。在一些实施例中，第二弹性系数可以大于第一弹性系数。第二弹性系数和第一弹性系数的比值可以大于10。在一些实施例中，为了保证声学输出装置200在1.5kHz-3kHz区间具有较高灵敏度，且具有平坦的频响曲线，第二弹性系数和第一弹性系数的比值可以在10-50的范围内。在一些实施例中，为了保证声学输出装置200在2.5kHz-4kHz区间具有较高灵敏度，且具有平坦的频响曲线，第二弹性系数和第一弹性系数的比值可以在50-100的范围内。在一些实施例中，为了保证声学输出装置200在3kHz-5kHz区间具有较高灵敏度，且具有平坦的频响曲线，第二弹性系数和第一弹性系数的比值可以在100-1000的范围内。在一些实施例中，第二弹性系数可以远远大于第一弹性系数。例如，如图2布置的第一弹性元件140可以是弹簧，而第二弹性元件150可以是由弹性模量较大的材质(例如，金属)制备的杆状物。换句话说，第二振动元件120可以通过该杆状物与压电元件130刚性连接，而不是通过弹簧与压电元件130弹性连接。
图3是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的振动信号由弹性质量端输出时的频响曲线图。如图3所示，曲线L31表示第一弹性元件的第一弹性系数ks1和第二弹性元件第二弹性系数ks2相同时，振动信号由弹性质量端输出的声学输出装置(例 如，声学输出装置200)的频响曲线。曲线L32表示第二弹性元件第二弹性系数ks2与第一弹性元件第一弹性系数ks1的比值为10时，振动信号由弹性质量端输出的声学输出装置的频响曲线。曲线L33表示第二弹性元件第二弹性系数ks2与第一弹性元件第一弹性系数ks1的比值为100时，振动信号由弹性质量端输出的声学输出装置的频响曲线。曲线L34表示第二弹性元件第二弹性系数ks2与第一弹性元件第一弹性系数ks1的比值为1000时，振动信号由弹性质量端输出的声学输出装置的频响曲线。曲线L35表示第二弹性元件第二弹性系数ks2与第一弹性元件第一弹性系数ks1的比值为10000时，振动信号由弹性质量端输出的声学输出装置的频响曲线。作为示例性说明，如图3所示，各个频响曲线所对应的第一弹性元件的第一弹性系数ks1均相同且为666.2N/m。
如图3所示，曲线L31、L32、L33、L34以及L35在100Hz-5000Hz(其在人耳可听范围)内均具有两个谐振峰。虚线圈M中的第一谐振峰可以由第二振动元件120、第一弹性元件140以及第二弹性元件150的谐振产生。虚线圈N中的第二谐振峰可以由第一振动元件110和压电元件130的谐振产生。从图3中可以看出，当第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数ks1与第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数ks2相等时(对应曲线L31)，其第一谐振峰与第二谐振峰之间的曲线平坦，不具有峰谷，但其灵敏度较低。保持第一弹性系数ks1不变，增加第二弹性系数ks2，换句话说，声学输出装置200由弹性对称的声学输出装置(对应曲线L31)变为弹性非对称的声学输出装置(例如，对应曲线L32)，声学输出装置200的第一谐振峰(虚线圈M中的谐振峰)对应的第一谐振频率稍微增加，随即第一谐振峰后产生了谐振谷(即虚线圈O中谐振谷)。
随着第二弹性系数ks2的进一步增加(对应曲线L32至曲线L35)，第一谐振峰位置几乎不变，且第一谐振峰后的谐振谷所对应的频率几乎不随第二弹性系数ks2的增加而变化。因此，该谐振谷的位置由弹性系数较小的弹性元件的决定。随着第二弹性系数ks2的增加，第二谐振峰(即虚线圈N中的谐振峰)逐渐向高频移动，且第二谐振峰之后的频响幅值有明显提升。换句话说，声学输出装置200在中高频段(例如，1kHz-10kHz)具有较高的灵敏度。当第二弹性系数ks2增加到为第一弹性系数ks1的1000倍后，继续增加第二弹性系数ks2，声学输出装置200的频响曲线基本无变化(例如，曲线L34和曲线L35所示)。
综上所述，当第二弹性系数ks2和第一弹性系数ks1不同时，声学输出装置200在中高频段内具有较高的灵敏度。随着第二弹性系数ks2和第一弹性系数ks1之间的差值增大，声学输出装置200在中高频段内的灵敏度提升。在一些实施例中，当第二弹性系数ks2和第一弹性系数ks1之间的差值超过某一值时(例如，第二弹性系数ks2与第一弹性系数ks1之间的比值大于1000倍)时，声学输出装置200在中高频段内的频响基本无变化，即声学输出装置200在中高频段内灵敏度不再继续提升。
图4是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的结构示意图。图5是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的仿真模型图。如图4所示，声学输出装置400可以具有与声学输出装置200相似的结构。例如，声学输出装置400可以包括第一振动元件110、第二振动元件120、压电元件130、第一弹性元件140以及第二弹性元件150。又例如，压电元件130可以包括梁状结构。第一振动元件110可以连接在梁状结构长度延伸方向的中心位置(即第一位置)。第二振动元件120可以通过第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150连接在梁状结构长度延伸方向的两端(即第二位置和第三位置)。在本说明书中，为便于描述，将以第一位置为梁状结构的中心位置、第二位置和第三位置分别为梁状结构长度延伸方向的两端作为示例。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置400还可以包括第一连接件182和第二连接件184。第二振动元件120和第一弹性元件140可以通过第一连接件182连接于压电元件130的第二位置。第一连接件182可以设置于压电元件130的第二位置处，第一弹性元件140的一 端可以与第一连接件182相连，第一弹性元件140的另一端可以与第二振动元件120相连。类似地，第二振动元件120和第二弹性元件150可以通过第二连接件184连接于压电元件130的第三位置。第二连接件184可以设置于压电元件130的第三位置处，第二弹性元件150的一端可以与第二连接件184相连，第二弹性元件150的另一端可以与第二振动元件120相连。
在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150中的至少一个可以以倾斜或平行于压电元件130的方式布置。例如，如图4所示，利用第一连接件182和第二连接件184，第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150所在平面可以与压电元件130表面平行。在这种情况下，以倾斜或平行于压电元件130的方式布置的弹性元件可以在第二振动元件120的振动方向上和垂直于所述第二振动元件的振动方向上具有弹性系数分量。具体地，如图5所示，第一弹性元件140(未示出)沿垂直于压电元件130的方向ZZ’(或沿第二振动元件120的振动方向)具有第一弹性系数，第一弹性元件140沿平行于压电元件130长度的方向XX’具有第三弹性系数。第二弹性元件150(未示出)沿垂直于压电元件130的方向ZZ’(或沿第二振动元件120的振动方向)具有第二弹性系数，第二弹性元件150沿平行于压电元件130长度的方向XX’具第四弹性系数。
在一些实施例中，当第一弹性元件140传递振动时，第一弹性系数可以影响第一弹性元件140在ZZ’方向的位移输出，第三弹性系数可以影响第一弹性元件140在XX’方向的位移输出。由于第一弹性元件140在XX’方向的位移输出可能使得第一弹性元件140(例如，弹性杆)两端受挤压而产生弯曲变形，从而使得沿平行于压电元件130长度的方向XX’的弹性变形能够在垂直于压电元件130的方向ZZ’上产生位移输出。换句话说，第三弹性系数可以影响第一弹性元件140在ZZ’方向上的形变能力，从而影响与第一弹性元件140连接的第二振动元件120的振动输出。同理，当第二弹性元件150传递振动时，第二弹性元件150在XX’方向的位移输出可能使得第二弹性元件150两端受挤压而产生弯曲变形，从而使得沿平行于压电元件130长度的方向XX’的弹性变形能够在垂直于压电元件130的方向ZZ’上产生位移输出。换句话说，第四弹性系数可以影响第二弹性元件150在ZZ’方向上的形变能力，从而影响与第二弹性元件150连接的第二振动元件120的振动输出。在一些实施例中，第三弹性系数(或第四弹性系数)越小，第三弹性系数(或第四弹性系数)对ZZ’方向上的振动传递的贡献越大。
为了保证声学输出装置400在中高频段内(例如，1kHz-10kHz)具有较好的灵敏度(如图8所示)，在第二振动元件120(或者压电元件130)的振动方向上，第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数可以与第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数可以不同。例如，第二弹性系数可以大于或小于第一弹性系数。在本说明书中，为便于描述，将以第二弹性系数大于第一弹性系数作为示例。需要知道的是，当声学输出装置400振动时，由于第二弹性系数大于第一弹性系数，会使得第二振动元件120在沿垂直于压电元件130的表面的方向上振动的同时朝第一弹性元件140或第二弹性元件150方向倾斜摆动。
在一些实施例中，可以进一步调节第一弹性元件140的第三弹性系数在垂直于压电元件130的方向ZZ’上对第二振动元件120振动输出的影响和第二弹性元件150的第四弹性系数在垂直于压电元件130的方向ZZ’上对第二振动元件120振动输出的影响来改变声学输出装置400的频响表现。在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140的第三弹性系数与第二弹性元件150的第四弹性系数可以相等或不等。在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140的第三弹性系数和第一弹性系数之间的比值和/或第二弹性元件150的第四弹性系数和第二弹性系数之间的比值可以大于1×10 4。在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140的第三弹性系数和第一弹性系数之间的比值和/或第二弹性元件150的第四弹性系数和第二弹性系数之间的比值可以大于1×10 5。在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140的第三弹性系数和第一弹性系数之间的比值和/或第二弹性元件150的第四弹性系数和第二弹性系数之间的比值可 以大于1×10 6。在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140的第三弹性系数和第一弹性系数之间的比值和/或第二弹性元件150的第四弹性系数和第二弹性系数之间的比值可以大于1×10 7。
在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140可以包括一个或多个第一弹性杆142，第二弹性元件150可以包括一个或多个第二弹性杆152。在一些实施例中，第一弹性杆142和/或第二弹性杆152可以具有圆柱状、长方体状或其他任何合适形状的结构(例如，如图4所示的凹凸状结构)。在一些实施例中，可以通过调节第一弹性杆142和/或第二弹性杆152的数量、长度、材质、结构、布局模式等或其任意组合，以使第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数和第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数不同。
在一些实施例中，第一弹性杆142的数量与第二弹性杆152的数量可以相同或不同。例如，当每个第一弹性杆142与每个第二弹性杆152相同(例如，材质、长度、结构等都相同)时，第一弹性杆142的数量与第二弹性杆152的数量可以不同。此时，由于第一弹性元件140和第二弹性元件150中包括的弹性杆数量不同，使得两者在第二振动元件120的振动方向上的弹性系数(即第一弹性系数和第二弹性系数)不同。又例如，第一弹性杆142的数量与第二弹性杆152的数量可以相同(例如，均为2个、3个、4个等)，可以通过使每个第一弹性杆142其他特性(例如，长度、材质等)与每个第二弹性杆152的其他对应特性(例如，长度、材质等)不同，以使得第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数和第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数不同。作为示例，可以通过使一个或多个第一弹性杆142中每个第一弹性杆的材质与一个或多个第二弹性杆152中每个第二弹性杆的材质不同，以使得第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数和第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数不同。例如，第一弹性杆142的材质可以为具有较小弹性模量的材质(例如，硅胶、泡棉、塑胶、橡胶等)，第二弹性杆152的材质可以为具有较大弹性模量的材质(例如，金属、合金等)。
在一些实施例中，可以通过改变第一弹性杆142和/或第二弹性杆152的布局模式，来使第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数和第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数不同。例如，当每个第一弹性杆142与每个第二弹性杆152相同(例如，材质、长度等)，且第一弹性杆142的数量与第二弹性杆152的数量相同时，可以通过设置每两个相邻的第一弹性杆142之间的夹角或每两个相邻的第二弹性杆152之间的夹角，来使第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数和第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数不同。例如，为了使第二弹性系数大于第一弹性系数，可以使得每两个相邻的第二弹性杆152之间的夹角小于每两个相邻的第一弹性杆142之间的夹角。在一些实施例中，为了尽可能减少非对称结构引起的非必要的晃动、偏移，避免对声学输出装置400的输出音质造成不利影响，第一弹性杆142可以以过压电元件130中心且垂直于压电元件130表面的平面呈对称布置，第二弹性杆152也可以以过压电元件130中心且垂直于压电元件130表面的平面呈对称布置。
在一些实施例中，可以通过使每个第一弹性杆142和每个第二弹性杆152的长度不同，来使第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数和第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数不同。需要说明的是，在本说明书中，第一弹性杆142的长度可以是指第一弹性杆142在不受外力的作用的状态(即自然状态)下的长度，第二弹性杆152的长度可以是指第二弹性杆152在不受外力的作用的状态下的长度。在一些实施例中，还可以通过使每个第一弹性杆142和每个第二弹性杆152具有不同的结构，来使第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数和第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数不同。例如，每个第一弹性杆142可以具有凹凸状结构，而每个第二弹性杆152可以具有圆柱形的长棒结构。
图6是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的结构示意图。图7是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的另一示例性声学输出装置的结构示意图。如图6所示，声学输出装置600与声学输出装置400具有相似的结构。声学输出装置600相较于声学输出装置500的区别在于，在声学输出装置600中，除了第二弹性杆152外，第二弹性元件150 还包括第三连接件190。第二振动元件120进一步可以通过第三连接件190连接于压电元件130的第三位置。
在一些实施例中，第三连接件190可以是由任意材料制备的部件。第三连接件190与第二弹性杆152可以共同构成第二弹性元件150。换句话说，第二弹性元件150的弹性系数(例如，在第二振动元件120振动方向上的第二弹性系数)由第三连接件190与第二弹性杆152共同提供。在一些实施例中，当第二弹性杆152与第一弹性杆142具有相同的设置(例如，结构、长度、数量、材质等相同)时，可以通过设置第三连接件190(其可以为第二弹性元件150提供额外的弹性系数)，来使得第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数与第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数不同。
在一些实施例中，可以通过改变第三连接件190的结构、材质等来调节二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数与第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数之间的差值，以使得声学输出装置600能够在不同频段内的灵敏度得到提升，以适应更多的使用场景。在一些实施例中，第三连接件190可以为片状、环状、棱型、长方体型、柱型、球型等形状，或其任意组合，也可以为其他不规则形状。在一些实施例中，第三连接件190的材料可以是硅胶、泡棉、塑胶、橡胶、金属等，或其任意组合。
在一些实施例中，当第三连接件190由具有较大弹性模量的材质(例如，金属、合金等)制成时，相当于第二振动元件120与压电元件130通过第三连接件190刚性连接，在这种情况下，第二弹性杆152可以被去除。如图7中的声学输出装置700所示，第二振动元件120可以直接通过第三连接件190连接于压电元件130的第三位置。此时，第三连接件190即为第二弹性元件150。在一些实施例中，为了使第二振动元件120与所述第二连接件184形成刚性连接，第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数可以大于1×10 4N/m。在一些实施例中，为了使第二振动元件120与所述第二连接件184形成刚性连接，第二弹性系数可以大于1×10 5N/m。在一些实施例中，为了使第二振动元件120与所述第二连接件184形成刚性连接，第二弹性系数可以大于1×10 6N/m。在一些实施例中，为了使第二振动元件120与所述第二连接件184形成刚性连接，第二弹性系数可以大于1×10 7N/m。
在一些实施例中，第一弹性元件140可以包括第四连接件(图中未示出)，第二振动元件120进一步可以通过第四连接件连接于压电元件130的第二位置。在这种情况下，可以通过使第三连接件190和第四连接件不同(例如，结构、材质等不同)，来使得第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数和第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数不同。
图8是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的振动信号由弹性质量端输出时的频响曲线图。如图8所示，曲线L81表示第一弹性元件的第一弹性系数ks1和第二弹性元件的第二弹性系数ks2相同均为666.2N/m，且第一弹性元件的第三弹性系数kh1和第二弹性元件的第四弹性系数kh2相同均为666.2N/m时，振动信号由弹性质量端输出的声学输出装置的频响曲线。曲线L82、曲线L83、曲线L84表示第一弹性元件的第一弹性系数均为666.2N/m，第一弹性元件的第一弹性系数ks1和第二弹性元件的第二弹性系数ks2的比值均为100，以及第一弹性元件的第三弹性系数kh1和第一弹性系数ks1的比值分别为100、1000、2000，第二弹性元件的第四弹性系数kh2与第二弹性系数ks2的比值分别为100、1000、2000时，振动信号由弹性质量端输出的声学输出装置(例如，声学输出装置400)的频响曲线。
如图8所示，曲线L81、L82、L83以及L84在100Hz-5000Hz(其在人耳可听范围)内均具有两个谐振峰。虚线圈Q中的第一谐振峰可以由第二振动元件120、第一弹性元件140以及第二弹性元件150的谐振产生。虚线圈P中的第二谐振峰可以由第一振动元件110和压电元件130的谐振产生。从图8中可以看出，当第一弹性元件140的第一弹性系数ks1与第二弹性元件150的第二弹性系数ks2相等，且第一弹性元件的第三弹性系数kh1和第二弹性元件的第四弹性系数kh2相等时(对应曲线L81)，其第一谐振峰与第二 谐振峰之间的曲线平坦，不具有峰谷，但其灵敏度较低。保持第一弹性系数ks1不变，增加第二弹性系数ks2为ks1的100倍，换句话说，声学输出装置400由弹性对称的声学输出装置(对应曲线L81)变为弹性非对称的声学输出装置(例如，对应曲线L82、曲线L83、曲线L84)，声学输出装置400的第一谐振峰(虚线圈Q中的谐振峰)对应的第一谐振频率增加，随即第一谐振峰后产生了谐振谷(即虚线圈P中谐振谷)。
进一步地，如曲线L82至曲线L84所示，由于第一弹性元件的第三弹性系数kh1和第二弹性元件的第四弹性系数kh2可以影响第二振动元件120的振动输出，当逐渐增大第一弹性元件140的第三弹性系数kh1和第二弹性元件150的第四弹性系数kh2时(对应曲线L82至曲线L84)，第一谐振峰对应的第一谐振频率以及紧随其后的谐振谷对应的频率同时逐渐向高频移动，第一谐振峰前的频响幅值稍有增加，第二谐振峰之后的频响幅值有明显提升。换句话说，声学输出装置400在中高频段(例如，1kHz-10kHz)具有较高的灵敏度。当第一弹性元件140的第三弹性系数kh1增加到第一弹性系数ks1的2000倍，以及第二弹性元件150的第四弹性系数kh2增加到第二弹性系数ks2的2000倍时，第一谐振峰之后的第一谐振谷与第二谐振峰产生明显相消的效果(对应曲线L84)，从而使对应声学输出装置的频响更平坦。随着第二弹性系数ks2和第一弹性系数ks1之间的差值增大，声学输出装置200在中高频段内的灵敏度提升。在一些实施例中，当第二弹性系数ks2和第一弹性系数ks1之间的差值超过某一值时(例如，第二弹性系数ks2与第一弹性系数ks1之间的比值大于1000倍)时，声学输出装置200在中高频段内的频响基本无变化，即声学输出装置200在中高频段内灵敏度不再继续提升。
综上所述，当第二弹性系数ks2和第一弹性系数ks1不同时，声学输出装置400在中高频段内具有较高的灵敏度。当保持第一弹性系数ks1和第二弹性系数ks2不变，随着第三弹性系数kh1和第四弹性系数kh2的增大，声学输出装置400在中高频段内的灵敏度提升，且在中高频段内的频响曲线更为平坦。在一些实施例中，为了提高声学输出装置400在500Hz-3000Hz频段内的灵敏度，可以将第二弹性系数ks2和第一弹性系数ks1之间的差值设置在10 3N/m-10 4N/m范围内，同时将第三弹性系数kh1设置在10 3N/m-10 4N/m范围内，将第四弹性系数kh2设置在10 5N/m-10 6N/m范围内。在一些实施例中，为了提高声学输出装置400在1500Hz-7000Hz频段内的灵敏度以及该频段范围内频响的平坦度，可以将第二弹性系数ks2和第一弹性系数ks1之间的差值设置在10 3-10 4N/m范围内，同时将第三弹性系数kh1设置在10 5N/m-10 7N/m范围内，将第四弹性系数kh2设置在10 5N/m-10 9N/m范围内。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述详细披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本说明书的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本说明书进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本说明书中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本说明书示范实施例的精神和范围。
同时，本说明书使用了特定词语来描述本说明书的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本说明书至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一个替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本说明书的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
此外，除非权利要求中明确说明，本说明书所述处理元素和序列的顺序、数字字母的使用、或其他名称的使用，并非用于限定本说明书流程和方法的顺序。尽管上述披露中通过各种示例讨论了一些目前认为有用的发明实施例，但应当理解的是，该类细节仅起到说明的目的，附加的权利要求并不仅限于披露的实施例，相反，权利要求旨在覆盖所有符合本说明书实施例实质和范围的修正和等价组合。例如，虽然以上所描述的系统组件可以通过硬件设备实现，但是也可以只通过软件的解决方案得以实现，如在现有的服务器或移 动设备上安装所描述的系统。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本说明书披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本说明书实施例的描述中，有时会将多种特征归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本说明书对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
一些实施例中使用了描述成分、属性数量的数字，应当理解的是，此类用于实施例描述的数字，在一些示例中使用了修饰词“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”来修饰。除非另外说明，“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”表明所述数字允许有±20％的变化。相应地，在一些实施例中，说明书和权利要求中使用的数值参数均为近似值，该近似值根据个别实施例所需特点可以发生改变。在一些实施例中，数值参数应考虑规定的有效数位并采用一般位数保留的方法。尽管本说明书一些实施例中用于确认其范围广度的数值域和参数为近似值，在具体实施例中，此类数值的设定在可行范围内尽可能精确。
最后，应当理解的是，本说明书中所述实施例仅用以说明本说明书实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本说明书的范围。因此，作为示例而非限制，本说明书实施例的替代配置可视为与本说明书的教导一致。相应地，本说明书的实施例不仅限于本说明书明确介绍和描述的实施例。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种声学输出装置，包括：
    第一振动元件；
    第二振动元件；以及
    压电元件，所述压电元件响应于电信号而带动所述第一振动元件和所述第二振动元件振动，其中，所述第一振动元件连接于所述压电元件的第一位置，所述第二振动元件至少通过第一弹性元件连接于所述压电元件的第二位置，所述第二振动元件至少通过第二弹性元件连接于所述压电元件的第三位置，在所述第二振动元件的振动方向上，所述第一弹性元件的第一弹性系数与所述第二弹性元件的第二弹性系数不同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，还包括：
    第一连接件和第二连接件，所述第一弹性元件通过所述第一连接件连接于所述压电元件的所述第二位置，所述第二弹性元件通过所述第二连接件连接于所述压电元件的所述第三位置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第一弹性元件包括一个或多个第一弹性杆，所述第二弹性元件包括一个或多个第二弹性杆。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第一弹性杆的数量与所述第二弹性杆的数量相同。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述一个或多个第一弹性杆中的每个第一弹性杆的长度与所述一个或多个第二弹性杆中每个第二弹性杆的长度不同。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述一个或多个第一弹性杆的材质与所述一个或多个第二弹性杆的材质不同。
  7. 根据权利要求3至6中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述一个或多个第一弹性杆中每两个相邻的第一弹性杆的夹角与所述一个或多个第二弹性杆中每两个相邻的第二弹性杆的夹角不同。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述一个或多个第一弹性杆中的每个第一弹性杆与所述一个或多个第二弹性杆中的每个第二弹性杆相同，所述第一弹性杆的数量与所述第二弹性杆的数量不同。
  9. 根据权利要求3至8中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第二弹性元件还包括第三连接件，所述第二振动元件进一步至少通过所述第三连接件连接于所述压电元件的所述第三位置。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第一弹性元件包括一个或多个第一弹性杆，所述第二弹性元件包括第三连接件，所述第二振动元件通过所述第三连接件连接于所述压电元件的所述第三位置。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第一弹性元件 的所述第一弹性系数小于所述第二弹性元件的所述第二弹性系数，所述第二弹性元件的第二弹性系数大于1×10 4N/m。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的声学输出装置，所述第二弹性元件的所述第二弹性系数与所述第一弹性元件的所述第一弹性系数之间的比值大于10。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的声学输出装置，其中，
    在垂直于所述第二振动元件的振动方向上，所述第一弹性元件具有第三弹性系数，所述第三弹性系数与所述第一弹性系数之间的比值大于1×10 4；或者
    在垂直于所述第二振动元件的振动方向上，所述第二弹性元件具有第四弹性系数，所述第四弹性系数与所述第二弹性系数之间的比值大于1×10 4。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第一振动元件和所述第二振动元件的所述振动产生人耳可听范围内的两个谐振峰。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的声学输出装置，所述第二振动元件和所述第一弹性元件以及所述第二弹性元件谐振产生所述两个谐振峰中频率较低的峰，所述压电元件和所述第一振动元件的谐振产生所述两个谐振峰中频率较高的峰。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述两个谐振峰中频率较低的峰的频率在50Hz～2kHz范围内，所述两个谐振峰中频率较高的峰的频率在1kHz～10kHz范围内。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述压电元件包括梁状结构，所述第一位置位于所述梁状结构的长度延伸方向的中心。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第二位置和所述第三位置分别位于所述梁状结构的所述长度延伸方向的两个端部。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述振动通过所述第二振动元件以骨传导的方式传递给用户。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述压电元件的长度在3mm～30mm的范围内。
  21. 根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述压电元件包括两层压电片和基板，所述两层压电片分别贴附在所述基板的相反两侧，所述基板根据所述两层压电片沿长度延伸方向的伸缩产生振动。
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