WO2023190331A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板及びその製造方法 - Google Patents

方向性電磁鋼板及びその製造方法 Download PDF

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WO2023190331A1
WO2023190331A1 PCT/JP2023/012183 JP2023012183W WO2023190331A1 WO 2023190331 A1 WO2023190331 A1 WO 2023190331A1 JP 2023012183 W JP2023012183 W JP 2023012183W WO 2023190331 A1 WO2023190331 A1 WO 2023190331A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic domain
grain
groove
electrical steel
oriented electrical
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PCT/JP2023/012183
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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悠祐 川村
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日本製鉄株式会社
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Priority to EP23780341.6A priority Critical patent/EP4502189A4/en
Priority to US18/729,419 priority patent/US20250118469A1/en
Priority to KR1020247025193A priority patent/KR102857829B1/ko
Priority to CN202380019600.XA priority patent/CN118647742A/zh
Priority to JP2024512453A priority patent/JPWO2023190331A1/ja
Publication of WO2023190331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023190331A1/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1294—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a localized treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
    • H01F1/14791—Fe-Si-Al based alloys, e.g. Sendust
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
    • C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0233—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from sheets

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-052345 filed in Japan on March 28, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
  • a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is a steel sheet that contains 7% by mass or less of Si and has a secondary recrystallized texture in which secondary recrystallized grains are accumulated in the ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation (Goss orientation).
  • Grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are mainly used as iron cores in power transformers, and there is a growing need for them to reduce noise as well as reduce energy loss (iron loss).
  • Patent Documents 1 to 9 discloses a magnetic domain refining method that can reduce iron loss without increasing noise. The present inventors thought that since the magnetic domain width and ⁇ angle are not uniform in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet before the magnetic domain refining treatment, it would be effective to perform the magnetic domain refining treatment only at specific locations. However, such a magnetic domain refining processing method is not disclosed in any of the patent documents.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that can achieve both low iron loss and low noise, and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention has magnetic domain control treatment lines that form an angle of 0° to 45° with respect to a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction and are aligned in the rolling direction on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
  • the groove existence ratio which is the proportion of the total length of the grooves having a depth of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and a width of 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, is the deviation of the grain from the Goss orientation around the axis perpendicular to the rolling direction. In the first region where the ⁇ angle is 1° or less, the groove existence ratio is 50% or more, and in the second region where the ⁇ angle is more than 2°, it is less than 50%.
  • the groove existence ratio is 20% or more and 80% or less in the third region where the ⁇ angle is more than 1° and less than 2°.
  • the groove existence ratio in the first region ⁇ the groove existence ratio in the third region ⁇ the groove existence ratio in the second region.
  • the grooves having a depth of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and a width of 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m are arranged at intervals of 1 to 20 mm in the rolling direction. exist.
  • a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes an image acquisition step of acquiring a magnetic domain image of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, a spatial distribution of the magnetic domain width of the magnetic domain image, and a direction perpendicular to rolling. Magnetic domain control treatment that forms an angle of 0° to 45° with respect to the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and is aligned with the rolling direction, based on the ⁇ angle that is the deviation angle of the crystal grains from the Goss orientation around the axis.
  • the determining step includes forming the groove in a portion of the magnetic domain control processing line where the ⁇ angle is 1° or less. Decide where to do so.
  • the determining step uses two-dimensional Fourier transformation to determine the spatial distribution of the magnetic domain width from the magnetic domain image. Derive.
  • the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the embodiment of the present invention it is possible to achieve both low iron loss and low noise.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the magnetic domain width before groove formation and the magnetic domain width after groove formation. It is a graph showing the relationship between the ⁇ angle and the width of the 180° magnetic domain of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of an image acquisition device according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of an analysis device according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a laser irradiation device according to the present embodiment.
  • 1 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of cutting out a plurality of partial regions from a magnetic domain image of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. This is an example of a plurality of partial Fourier images obtained by performing two-dimensional Fourier transformation on each of a plurality of partial regions cut out from a magnetic domain image of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of an image acquisition device according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of an analysis device according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing groove forming lines among the magnetic domain control processing lines of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of specifying a first region, a second region, and a third region.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of measuring the groove existence ratio in each of the first region, the second region, and the third region.
  • FIG. 1A shows the spatial distribution of 180° magnetic domain width (hereinafter simply referred to as "magnetic domain width") of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet before magnetic domain refining treatment.
  • FIG. 1B shows the spatial distribution of magnetic domain widths after the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of FIG. 1A is subjected to magnetic domain refining treatment.
  • the magnetic domain refining process here was performed by forming grooves along magnetic domain control processing lines that formed an angle of 0° to 45° in the rolling direction (RD).
  • the "180° magnetic domain” refers to a magnetic domain whose magnetization direction is the ⁇ 100> orientation of the crystal and which is sandwiched between two 180° domain walls that are substantially parallel to the rolling direction. Moreover, the "width" of a 180° magnetic domain represents the distance between adjacent domain walls (domain wall interval).
  • the spatial distribution of the magnetic domain width shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B was derived from the magnetic domain image of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet using two-dimensional Fourier transform, which will be described later.
  • FIG. 1C shows a region where the domain width has been subdivided by 50 ⁇ m or more before and after the domain refining process shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and shows the value of the original domain width at which subdivision occurred. This is a visualization.
  • regions where the effect of magnetic domain refining was 50 ⁇ m or more are regions where the original magnetic domain width was wide, and the effect of magnetic domain refining was particularly noticeable in regions where the original domain width was approximately 500 ⁇ m or more. I know that there is. That is, the effect of magnetic domain refining differs depending on the original magnetic domain width.
  • FIG. 2A shows the relationship between the magnetic domain width before groove formation and the magnetic domain width after groove formation at the same position.
  • the conditions for forming the grooves were a groove depth of 20 ⁇ m, a groove width of 100 ⁇ m, and a groove pitch of 4 mm.
  • the effect of reducing iron loss can be obtained by refining an area with a wide original magnetic domain width, and even if the domain refining process is applied to an area with a narrow original magnetic domain width, the iron loss can be reduced. It is thought that no effect will be obtained, and that this will lead to an increase in hysteresis loss, deterioration of noise characteristics, and a decrease in magnetic permeability.
  • the secondary recrystallized grains in the steel sheets be highly aligned in the ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation (Goss orientation).
  • Goss orientation the secondary recrystallized grains in the steel sheets.
  • crystal grains with orientations deviating from the ideal Goss orientation are also generated during the secondary recrystallization process.
  • the deviation angle from the Goss orientation of crystal grains around the axis in the rolling direction (TD) i.e., the thickness direction component of the angular deviation between the rolling direction (RD) and the easy axis of magnetization (100) ⁇ 001>
  • TD axis in the rolling direction
  • RD angular deviation between the rolling direction
  • easy axis of magnetization 100
  • the rolling direction (TD) is a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (RD) and parallel to the plate surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
  • FIG. 2B shows the relationship between the ⁇ angle of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and the 180° magnetic domain width before laser irradiation. From FIG. 2B, since the original magnetic domain width is wide (approximately 500 ⁇ m or more) in the region where the ⁇ angle is 2° or less, priority is given to the region where the ⁇ angle is 2° or less, more preferably the region where the ⁇ angle is 1° or less. It can be seen that it is effective to perform magnetic domain refining processing.
  • grooves having a predetermined depth and a predetermined width are formed at predetermined intervals in the rolling direction (RD) within a range of 0° to 45° with respect to the rolling direction (TD).
  • RD rolling direction
  • TD rolling direction
  • magnetic domain control is performed to preferentially form grooves having a predetermined depth and a predetermined width in areas where the ⁇ angle is 1° or less on the surface of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. shall be taken as a thing.
  • FIG. 3 shows the hardware configuration of an image acquisition device 30 that acquires a magnetic domain image of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
  • the image acquisition device 30 includes a light source section 31, a magneto-optical (MO) sensor 33, an image sensor 35, and a signal processing section 37.
  • MO magneto-optical
  • the light source section 31 has a light source made of a light emitting diode (LED), and irradiates the MO sensor 33 with light with a uniform polarization plane.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • the MO sensor 33 is a device that measures the structure of a magnetic material, and has an observation surface on which a magnetic material sample to be measured is placed.
  • the light emitted from the light source section 31 passes through the inside of the MO sensor 33 and is reflected by the reflective layer, and the reflected light passes through the inside of the MO sensor 33 again and is output to the outside of the MO sensor 33.
  • a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is placed as a magnetic sample on the observation surface of the MO sensor 33, a leakage magnetic field is generated inside the MO sensor 33 according to the direction of spontaneous magnetization of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
  • the magnetic field rotates the plane of polarization of the reflected light.
  • the image sensor 35 is a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, which images the reflected light from the MO sensor 33 on a light-receiving surface, performs photoelectric conversion, and sends the analog signal after photoelectric conversion to the signal processing unit 37. Output.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • the signal processing unit 37 includes an amplifier, an AD converter, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and the like.
  • the analog signal output from the image sensor 35 is amplified by an amplifier and converted into a digital signal by an AD converter.
  • An image signal is generated by performing predetermined digital processing on this digital signal by a DSP.
  • the image signal generated by the signal processing unit 37 is output to the analysis device 40 (see FIG. 4) via a cable or by wireless communication.
  • FIG. 4 shows the hardware configuration of an analysis device 40 that analyzes the magnetic domain structure of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
  • the analysis device 40 is a computer device such as a personal computer (PC), and includes a calculation section 41, a memory 43, a display section 45, an input section 47, and a communication I/F 49.
  • PC personal computer
  • the calculation unit 41 has a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and according to a program stored in the memory 43, analyzes the magnetic domain structure from the magnetic domain image of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, and determines locations where grooves are to be formed. The processing executed by the calculation unit 41 will be described in detail later.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the memory 43 includes a Read Only Memory (ROM) and a Random Access Memory (RAM).
  • the ROM stores programs executed by the CPU of the calculation unit 41 and data necessary for executing these programs. Programs and data stored in the ROM are loaded into the RAM and executed.
  • the memory 43 may include a magnetic memory such as a hard disk drive (HDD), or an optical memory such as an optical disk.
  • the program and data may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium that is removable from the analysis device 40.
  • the program executed by the calculation unit 41 may be received from the network via the communication I/F 49.
  • the display unit 45 has a display such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, or an organic electroluminescence (EL) display, and displays an image based on the image signal output from the image acquisition device 30.
  • a display such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, or an organic electroluminescence (EL) display, and displays an image based on the image signal output from the image acquisition device 30.
  • the analysis results of the magnetic domain structure by the calculation unit 41 are displayed.
  • the input unit 47 includes input devices such as a mouse and a keyboard.
  • the communication I/F 49 is an interface for transmitting and receiving data with an external device via a network such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or the Internet.
  • LAN Local Area Network
  • WAN Wide Area Network
  • Internet the Internet
  • calculation unit 41 instead of general-purpose hardware such as a CPU, dedicated hardware such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), which is specialized for analyzing magnetic domain structures, is used as the calculation unit 41. It's okay.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a case where the image acquisition device 30 and the analysis device 40 are separate devices, a system in which the image acquisition device 30 and the analysis device 40 are integrated may be adopted. .
  • FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the laser irradiation device 500.
  • the laser irradiation device 500 includes a polygon mirror 501, a light source device 503, a collimator 505, a condensing lens 507, a motor 509, a sensor 511, a control section 513, and a threading device 515.
  • the sheet threading device 515 threads the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 in the rolling direction (RD).
  • the polygon mirror 501 has, for example, a regular polygonal column shape, and a plurality of plane mirrors are provided on each of the plurality of side surfaces forming the regular polygonal column.
  • a laser beam LB enters the plane mirror of the polygon mirror 501 in one direction (horizontal direction) from the light source device 503 via the collimator 505, and is reflected by the plane mirror.
  • the polygon mirror 501 can be rotated around the rotation axis O1 by driving from the motor 509. According to the rotation angle of the polygon mirror 501, the incident angle of the laser beam LB with respect to the plane mirror changes sequentially, so that the reflection direction of the laser beam LB changes sequentially, and the reflection direction of the laser beam LB sequentially changes along the magnetic domain control processing line 52 of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50. Can be scanned.
  • the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 are a plurality of straight lines that form an angle of 0° to 45° with respect to the rolling direction (TD) and lined up in the rolling direction (RD) on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50.
  • the plurality of magnetic domain control processing lines 52 extend parallel to each other.
  • the plurality of magnetic domain control processing lines 52 are arranged at equal intervals. The interval P between adjacent magnetic domain control processing lines 52 represents the groove formation interval.
  • the light source device 503 outputs a laser beam LB in a predetermined irradiation method (for example, a continuous irradiation method or a pulse irradiation method) under the control of a control unit 513.
  • a predetermined irradiation method for example, a continuous irradiation method or a pulse irradiation method
  • the condensing lens 507 is provided in the optical path of the laser beam LB reflected from the polygon mirror 501, and constitutes a condensing optical system with a predetermined focal length.
  • the laser beam LB reflected from the polygon mirror 501 is focused on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 via the condenser lens 507, thereby forming grooves along the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50. is formed.
  • the motor 509 is connected to the polygon mirror 501 and rotates the polygon mirror 501 under the control of the control unit 513.
  • the sensor 511 is connected to the drive shaft of the motor 509, detects the rotation angle of the polygon mirror 501 rotated by the motor 509, and sends a signal indicating the detected rotation angle (hereinafter referred to as a rotation angle signal) to the control unit 513. Output to.
  • the control unit 513 includes a processor, and is connected to the light source device 503, the motor 509, the sensor 511, and the threading device 515.
  • the control unit 513 receives a speed signal from the sheet passing device 515 and outputs a signal instructing the motor 509 to rotate the polygon mirror 501 .
  • control unit 513 controls the laser beam LB output by the light source device 503 based on a groove forming signal representing a location where a groove is formed in the magnetic domain control processing line 52 and a rotation angle signal output from the sensor 511. Control power on and off.
  • the groove forming signal is input from the analysis device 40 to the laser irradiation device 500.
  • the groove forming signal may be input to the laser irradiation device 500 by an operator.
  • the image acquisition device 30 acquires a magnetic domain image of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 (step S62: image acquisition step).
  • the calculation unit 41 of the analysis device 40 derives a spatial distribution of 180° magnetic domain widths (magnetic domain widths) from the magnetic domain image, and determines which of the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 have a magnetic domain width equal to or greater than a predetermined value. (for example, approximately 500 ⁇ m or more), specifically, a location where the ⁇ angle is 1° or less is determined as a location to which magnetic domain refining processing is applied by forming grooves (step S64: Determination step).
  • the portion of the magnetic domain control processing line 52 where a groove is formed is referred to as a "groove formation line.” Details of the process of step S64 executed by the calculation unit 41 will be described later.
  • step S64 the location of the groove forming line is determined by visually observing the magnetic domain image displayed on the display unit 45 by the operator, and a groove forming signal indicating the location of the groove forming line is sent to the laser irradiation device 500. You may also input it.
  • a magnetic domain refining process is performed by preferentially forming grooves having a predetermined depth and a predetermined width in the locations determined in step S64 among the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50.
  • Step S66 groove forming step.
  • the magnetic domain refining process is performed only on the location determined in step S64.
  • Step S66 may be executed by irradiation with the laser beam LB by the laser irradiation device 500, or may employ other means such as electron beam irradiation, machining, etching, etc.
  • step S64 executed by the calculation unit 41 of the analysis device 40 will be explained.
  • the calculation unit 41 derives the spatial distribution of the magnetic domain width of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 using the line segment method or Fourier transform, and calculates the spatial distribution of the magnetic domain width in the region where the magnetic domain width is wide among the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50.
  • a region where the corresponding ⁇ angle is 1° or less is determined to be a region where a groove is preferentially formed.
  • ST2DFT short-term two-dimensional Fourier transform
  • the image (magnetic domain image) represented by the image signal acquired by the image acquisition device 30 is expressed as x (k, l) as a data string of two-dimensional coordinates (k-l coordinates).
  • the magnetic domain image to be analyzed is an image binarized using two types of colors, such as a gray scale, or an image expressed with three or more gradations (multi-gradation).
  • the calculation unit 41 executes the following steps (A-1), (A-2), and (A-3).
  • A-3) Step of deriving the spatial distribution of magnetic domain width Each step will be explained in detail below.
  • (A-1) Step of cutting out a plurality of partial regions from the magnetic domain image In order to cut out a plurality of partial regions from the magnetic domain image and analyze the frequency structure of each, the range in the k direction is set to 0 ⁇ k ⁇ N k ⁇ 1, A rectangular window function Wa (k, l) with a range in the l direction of 0 ⁇ l ⁇ N l ⁇ 1 is used (N k and N l are natural numbers).
  • the window function Wa(k,l) a Hamming window, a Hanning window, a Blackman window, etc. can be applied.
  • the observation position in the data string x (k, l) of the magnetic domain image is expressed as an index (n, m), and the shift amounts of the window function Wa (k, l) in the k direction and the l direction are expressed as S k and S, respectively.
  • l n, m, S k and S l are integers
  • nS k ⁇ k ⁇ nS k +N k -1
  • a data sequence x nm (k ⁇ nS k , l ⁇ mS l ) of the partial area cut out from the range of ⁇ 1 is obtained.
  • An example is shown in which partial areas corresponding to each are cut out.
  • N k and N l that define the range of the window function Wa(k, l) are parameters corresponding to the number of pixels in the k direction and the number of pixels in the l direction in the partial region, respectively.
  • f k and f l are spatial frequencies.
  • ⁇ f k and ⁇ f l are defined as in equation (3).
  • ⁇ k and ⁇ l are the spatial resolution in the k direction and the spatial resolution in the l direction, respectively, in the magnetic domain image.
  • Equation (4) the spatial distribution L(n, m) of the magnetic domain width is derived as shown in Equation (4).
  • the magnetic domain width is A groove forming line 90 (solid line in FIG. 9 ).
  • the control unit 513 of the laser irradiation device 500 controls to turn on the power of the laser beam LB to the groove forming line 90 among the magnetic domain control processing lines 52, and preferably turns off the power of the laser beam LB to other parts. do. As a result, a groove is formed along the groove forming line 90.
  • the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 As illustrated in FIG. 9, the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 forms an angle of 0° to 45° with respect to the rolling direction (TD), and
  • the groove existence ratio which is the ratio of the portion where grooves having a depth of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and a width of 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m are present, of the total length of the magnetic domain control processed lines 52 aligned in the rolling direction (RD) is In the first region where the ⁇ angle, which is the deviation angle from the Goss orientation of the crystal grains around the axis of (TD), is 1° or less, the groove existence ratio is 50% or more, In the second region, it is less than 50%.
  • the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 has a portion in which a groove having a depth of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and a width of 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m exists.
  • a portion where a groove having a depth of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and a width of 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m exists is referred to as a “groove forming line 90”.
  • the depth of the groove is 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and the width of the groove is 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m (see Patent Document 5).
  • Grooves with depths and/or widths outside the above-mentioned ranges are not considered to constitute grooving lines 90.
  • the depth of the groove forming the groove forming line 90 may be defined as 6 ⁇ m or more, 7 ⁇ m or more, or 10 ⁇ m or more.
  • the depth of the groove forming the groove forming line 90 may be defined as 48 ⁇ m or less, 45 ⁇ m or less, or 40 ⁇ m or less.
  • the width of the groove forming the groove forming line 90 may be defined as 20 ⁇ m or more, 30 ⁇ m or more, or 50 ⁇ m or more.
  • the width of the groove forming the groove forming line 90 may be defined as 280 ⁇ m or less, 250 ⁇ m or less, or 200 ⁇ m or less.
  • the depth and width of the groove may be uniform in the groove forming line 90, or may vary within the above-mentioned range.
  • the interval P between adjacent grooves measured along the rolling direction (RD), be 1 mm to 20 mm (see Patent Document 5).
  • the groove interval P may be uniform or may vary.
  • the distance P between adjacent grooves may be set to 1 mm to 20 mm in only a portion of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, or the distance P between adjacent grooves may be set to 1 mm to 20 mm in all regions of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
  • the average value of the groove interval P in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet may be 1 to 20 mm.
  • the interval P between adjacent grooves or the average value of the interval P between grooves may be 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, or 5 mm or more.
  • the interval P between adjacent grooves or the average value of the interval P between grooves may be 18 mm or less, 16 mm or less, or 15 mm or less.
  • a tension insulation coating may be formed on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
  • the groove depth, the groove width, and the groove interval along the rolling direction are values for the grooves provided in the base steel plate.
  • the groove depth, the groove width, and the groove spacing along the rolling direction are measured after removing the tension insulation coating.
  • the groove forming line 90 is arranged on the magnetic domain control processing line 52, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 are arranged along the rolling direction (RD) on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 at an angle of 0° to 45° with respect to the rolling direction (TD). It is preferable that the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 are arranged parallel to each other. If the groove is formed by a laser, the magnetic domain control processing line 52 corresponds to the locus of the focal point of the laser beam LB during the manufacturing stage of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50.
  • the magnetic domain control processing line 52 does not exist as a substance in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50, but is an imaginary line along the groove forming line 90.
  • the magnetic domain control processing line 52 can be specified by drawing a line along the groove forming line 90 or the like.
  • the angle formed by the rolling direction (TD) and the extending direction of the stress introduction line 90 is the angle formed by the rolling direction (TD) and the extending direction of the magnetic domain control processing line 52 in which the stress introduction line 90 is provided. Same as angle.
  • the angle between the magnetic domain control processing line 52 and the rolling direction (TD) may be uniform or may vary.
  • the angle between the magnetic domain control processing line 52 and the rolling direction (TD) may be set to 0° to 45° in only a part of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50, or the magnetic domain control processing may be performed in all regions of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50.
  • the angle between the line 52 and the rolling direction (TD) may be 0° to 45°.
  • the average value of the angle between the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 and the rolling direction (TD) in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 may be set to 0° to 45°.
  • the angle between the magnetic domain control processing line 52 and the rolling direction (TD), or its average value may be 1° or more, 3° or more, or 5° or more.
  • the angle between the magnetic domain control processing line 52 and the rolling direction (TD) or its average value may be 40° or less, 35° or less, or 30° or less.
  • the groove forming line 90 may exist on the magnetic domain control processing line 52 in a non-single period.
  • the presence of grooved lines 90 in a non-single period means that there are 10 or more grooved lines 90 on average per 1 cm, and the length of the non-grooved lines between each of the grooved lines 90 is This means that "if the standard deviation is 20 ⁇ m or less" does not apply. That is, in this embodiment, the groove forming lines 90 obtained by performing magnetic domain control over the entire surface of the steel plate using a normal pulsed laser are considered not to "exist in a non-single period.” However, the pulsed laser may be selectively irradiated to a region where the ⁇ angle is 1° or less.
  • the ratio of the groove forming lines 90 to the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 (groove existence ratio) is defined as the ratio of the length of the groove forming lines 90 to the total length of the magnetic domain control processing lines 52.
  • the groove forming lines 90 are present at a rate of 50% or more, and in the second region where the ⁇ angle is over 2°, the groove forming lines 90 are present at 50%. Preferably, it is present in a proportion of less than
  • the first region may be defined as a region where the ⁇ angle is 1.0° or less, a region where the ⁇ angle is 0.9° or less, or a region where the ⁇ angle is 0.8° or less.
  • the second region may be defined as a region where the ⁇ angle is greater than 2.0°, a region where the ⁇ angle is 2.1° or more, or a region where the ⁇ angle is 2.2° or more.
  • the groove existence ratio is preferably 20% or more and 80% or less.
  • the respective groove existence ratios in the first to third regions satisfy the following relationship.
  • Groove existence ratio in the first region ⁇ Groove existence ratio in the third region ⁇ Groove existence ratio in the second region
  • the third region is defined as a region where the ⁇ angle is more than 1.0° and less than or equal to 2.0°, and the ⁇ angle is 1.1 It may be defined as a region where the ⁇ angle is between 1.9° and 1.9°, or a region where the ⁇ angle is between 1.2° and 1.8°.
  • a sample of a predetermined size for example, 100 mm square or more taken from an arbitrary position of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 satisfies the above-mentioned groove existence ratio.
  • the magnetic domain refining process is facilitated, and problems such as an increase in hysteresis loss, deterioration of noise characteristics, and decrease in magnetic permeability can be avoided.
  • the negative effects can be minimized and the effects of magnetic domain refining can be maximized. This makes it possible to achieve both low iron loss and low noise.
  • the measurements of both parameters are performed on a sample of a predetermined size taken from the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50.
  • a rectangular sample with lengths on both sides of 100 mm (or 100 mm or more) can be cut out from the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 and used for measurement.
  • the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 is a coil
  • a sample may be taken from any location of the coil.
  • the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 is a part incorporated in an electrical product such as a transformer or a motor, a sample may be taken from any location of the part.
  • the length of one side of the sample may be less than 100 mm.
  • the total sample area should be 10,000 mm 2 or more. At this time, it is desirable to collect the sample by a method such as wire cutting in order to minimize the influence of mechanical distortion etc. on the sample.
  • the groove forming line 90 included in the sample is identified.
  • the position of a groove having a depth of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and a width of 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m is determined, and this is regarded as the groove forming line 90.
  • the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 has a tension insulation coating
  • the three-dimensional measurement of the sample surface is performed after removing the tension insulation coating.
  • the tensile insulation coating can be removed, for example, by immersing the sample in a sodium hydroxide solution, followed by dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
  • conditions such as the temperature and concentration of the sodium hydroxide, dilute sulfuric acid, and nitric acid solutions, and the immersion time are appropriately adjusted so that the sample base iron does not dissolve excessively.
  • An example of the conditions for removing the tension insulation coating is as follows. First, a sample is immersed in a 20% sodium hydroxide solution at 80° C. for 15 minutes. The sample is then dried. Then, the sample is immersed in dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 10% at 80° C. for 4 minutes. Thereafter, the sludge adhering to the surface of the sample is removed using a waste cloth or the like. Further, the sample is immersed in 10% nitric acid at room temperature for about 10 seconds while stirring.
  • the rolling direction (TD) is specified.
  • the width direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 can be considered to be the rolling direction (TD).
  • the rolling direction (TD) is determined from the rolling flaws on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50.
  • the extending direction of rolling flaws is regarded as the rolling direction (RD), and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (RD) and parallel to the steel sheet surface is regarded as the rolling direction (TD).
  • the rolling direction (TD) is determined from the crystal orientation of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50. Specifically, the crystal orientation of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 to be evaluated is measured at multiple points. Then, the direction in which the deviation angle from the GOSS orientation at the measurement point is the minimum is regarded as the rolling direction (RD), and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (RD) and parallel to the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 is set at the rolling right angle. direction (TD). In either case, from the viewpoint of ease of measurement, it is preferable to cut out the sample from the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 so that one side of the sample coincides with the rolling direction (TD).
  • the magnetic domain control processing line 52 does not exist as a substance in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50, but is an imaginary line along the groove forming line 90. Therefore, the narrow angle formed by the groove forming line 90 specified in the above procedure and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (TD) can be regarded as the angle formed by the magnetic domain control processing line 52 and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (TD). .
  • the ⁇ angle in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 50 is measured by the side reflection Laue method.
  • the side reflection Laue method is widely known as a method for measuring crystal orientation.
  • the method for identifying the first area, second area, and third area is as follows. As illustrated in FIG. 10, first, a virtual grating L is set on the surface of the sample. Thereby, the surface of the sample is divided into a plurality of cells C separated by the lattice L. The shape of the cell C is, for example, a square with a side of 2 mm. Then, the crystal orientation is measured by the real side reflection Laue method using the center of each cell C as the measurement point. Thereby, the ⁇ angle of the measurement point is specified, and it is determined whether the measurement point belongs to the first area A1, the second area A2, or the third area A3.
  • the entire cell C whose center is determined to be in the first area A1 is considered to be in the first area A1.
  • a cell C whose center is determined to be in the second area A2 is considered to be in the second area A2 over its entirety
  • a cell C whose center is determined to be in the third area A3 is considered to be in the entire second area A2. It is assumed that the area is the third area A3.
  • measurement points considered to be in the first area A1 are shown as black circles P1
  • measurement points considered to be in the second area A2 are shown as gray circles P2
  • measurement points considered to be in the second area A2 are shown as gray circles P2.
  • Measurement points that are considered to be in area 3 A3 are indicated as black circles P3.
  • the first region A1, the second region A2, and the third region are The magnetic domain control processing line 52 and groove forming line 90 in each are specified in A3.
  • the value obtained by dividing the total length of all the groove forming lines 90 included in all the first areas A1 of the sample by all the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 included in all the first areas A1 of the sample is the first area. This is the groove existence ratio in A1.
  • the value obtained by dividing the total length of all the groove forming lines 90 included in all the second regions A2 of the sample by all the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 included in all the second regions A2 of the sample is: This is the groove existence ratio in the second area A2, and the total length of all the groove forming lines 90 included in all the third areas A3 of the sample is determined by the total length of all the groove forming lines 90 included in all the third areas A3 of the sample.
  • the value divided by the line 52 is the groove existence ratio in the third region A3.
  • the method for measuring the spacing of the groove forming lines 90 along the rolling direction (RD) is as follows. First, the rolling direction (RD) and the groove forming line 90 are specified by the procedure shown in the explanation of the method for measuring the angle between the magnetic domain control processing line and the rolling direction (TD). Next, the interval between the groove forming lines 90 along the rolling direction (RD) may be measured.
  • the method for determining whether or not the groove forming line 90 exists in a non-single period is as follows. First, the magnetic domain control processing line 52 and the groove forming line 90 included in the sample are identified by the above-described procedure. As mentioned above, "When there are 10 or more groove forming lines 90 on average per 1 cm, and the standard deviation of the length of the non-magnetic domain refining line between each groove forming line 90 is more than 20 ⁇ m" In this case, it is assumed that the groove forming line 90 exists in a non-single period.
  • groove forming lines 90 are included at an average of 10 or more places per 1 cm in each of the plurality of magnetic domain control processing lines 52 included in the sample (for example, a rectangular sample with a length of both sides of 100 mm). Determine whether For example, if the length of one magnetic domain control processed line 52 included in the sample is X cm and the number of groove forming lines 90 included in the magnetic domain control processed line 52 is y, then the magnetic domain control processed line 52, it is determined that there are, on average, y/X groove forming lines 90 per cm.
  • the standard deviation of the length of the non-magnetic domain refining process lines is 20 ⁇ m or less in each of the magnetic domain control process lines 52 that are determined to include groove forming lines 90 at 10 or more locations per 1 cm on average. Determine. If the groove forming lines 90 are provided in a non-single period in 50% or more of all the magnetic domain control processing lines 52 included in the sample, it is assumed that the groove forming lines 90 are present in a non-single period in the sample. be judged.
  • the evaluation method for noise and iron loss was as follows. First, a three-phase transformer core was created by laminating 180 grain-oriented electrical steel sheets each having a thickness of 0.23 mm. The widths of the legs and yoke of the three-phase transformer core were both 150 mm. The height and width of the three-phase transformer core were both 750 mm. The noise and iron loss of these three-phase transformer cores were measured. The measurement conditions were a frequency of 50 Hz and an excitation magnetic flux density of 1.5 T.
  • noise evaluation results (unit: dBA) of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
  • the iron loss was determined by measuring the voltage and current on the primary and secondary sides with a power analyzer when excitation was performed at a frequency of 50 Hz and an excitation magnetic flux density of 1.5 T as described above.
  • the obtained iron loss is listed in Table 3 as the iron loss evaluation result (unit: W/kg) of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
  • An example in which the iron loss evaluation result was 0.70 W/kg or less was determined to be an example in which low iron loss was achieved. Noise evaluation results that were determined to fail are underlined.
  • the percentage of grooves present was measured and listed in Table 2. Note that in all examples, the grooves were formed so that the angle between the grooves and the direction perpendicular to rolling, the depth of the grooves, the width of the grooves, and the interval between the grooves were constant values.
  • the measurement method basically followed the procedure described above. A rectangular sample with a length of 100 mm on both sides was cut out from the core of a three-phase transformer for measuring noise and iron loss, and was used for measurement.
  • the groove existence ratio is 0%.
  • Table 2 shows the groove existence ratio when grooves with inappropriate shapes are considered as groove forming lines.
  • Example 1 magnetic domain refining processing was not performed. In Example 1, since no groove forming line was provided, no deterioration of the noise evaluation results was observed. On the other hand, in Example 1, low iron loss was not achieved.
  • Example 2 (Example of inappropriate angle) In Example 2, the angle between the magnetic domain control processing line and the direction perpendicular to rolling was excessive. In Example 2, while the noise evaluation results deteriorated, low iron loss was not achieved.
  • Example 3 (Example of inappropriate groove depth) In Example 3, the groove depth was insufficient. In Example 3, low iron loss was not achieved. In Example 4, the groove depth was excessive. In Example 4, while the noise evaluation results deteriorated, low iron loss was not achieved.
  • Example 5 (Example of inappropriate groove width) In Example 5, the width of the groove was insufficient. In Example 5, low iron loss was not achieved. In Example 6, the width of the groove was excessive. In Example 6, while the noise evaluation results deteriorated, low iron loss was not achieved.
  • Example 9 (Example of inappropriate groove existence ratio in the first region) In Example 9, grooves were uniformly formed in the magnetic domain control processing lines. In Example 9, the groove existence ratio in both the first region and the second region was set to a low level. In Example 9, noise was suppressed to a low level, but low iron loss was not achieved.
  • Example 10 (Example where the groove existence ratio in the second region is inappropriate) In Example 10, grooves were uniformly formed in the magnetic domain control treated lines. In Example 10, the groove existence ratio in both the first region and the second region was set at a high level. In Example 10, although a reduction in core loss was achieved, the noise evaluation results deteriorated.
  • Examples 7, 8, and 11 to 29 grooves were formed preferentially at locations where the ⁇ angle was 1° or less. Furthermore, in Examples 7, 8, and 11 to 29, the shape of the grooves on the groove forming line was also within an appropriate range. In Examples 7, 8, and 11 to 29, both low iron loss and low noise were achieved. Further, in the example where the relationship of groove existence ratio in the first region ⁇ groove existence ratio in the third region ⁇ groove existence ratio in the second region was satisfied, iron loss and noise were further reduced.
  • Image acquisition device 31 Light source section 33 MO sensor 35 Image sensor 37 Signal processing section 40 Analysis device 41 Arithmetic section 43 Memory 45 Display section 47 Input section 49 Communication I/F 50 Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 52 Magnetic domain control treated line 90 Groove formation line (portion where grooves having a depth of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and a width of 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m exist) 500 Laser irradiation device L Grid C Cell A1 First area A2 Second area A3 Third area P1 Measuring point P2 determined to be the first area P2 Measuring point P3 determined to be the second area RD Rolling direction TD Rolling right angle direction

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WO2025070786A1 (ja) * 2023-09-27 2025-04-03 日本製鉄株式会社 方向性電磁鋼板及びその製造方法
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JPWO2023190331A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 2023-10-05
EP4502189A1 (en) 2025-02-05
EP4502189A4 (en) 2025-07-16
US20250118469A1 (en) 2025-04-10

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