WO2023186026A1 - 一种单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023186026A1
WO2023186026A1 PCT/CN2023/085156 CN2023085156W WO2023186026A1 WO 2023186026 A1 WO2023186026 A1 WO 2023186026A1 CN 2023085156 W CN2023085156 W CN 2023085156W WO 2023186026 A1 WO2023186026 A1 WO 2023186026A1
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acid
compound
formula
reaction
solvent
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PCT/CN2023/085156
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French (fr)
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朱富强
胡天文
谢元超
沈敬山
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苏州旺山旺水生物医药有限公司
旺山旺水(连云港)制药有限公司
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Publication of WO2023186026A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023186026A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical technology, and specifically relates to a preparation method of monoisobutyryl nucleoside analogues.
  • the monoisobutyrate prodrug form of nucleosides and their analogs can improve the physical, chemical and metabolic properties of the parent nucleoside and improve oral bioavailability.
  • compound GS-441524 has good in vitro antiviral activity, but oral bioavailability
  • the oral bioavailability of Compound A has been significantly improved (Bioor. Med. Chem, 2021, 46, 116364; J. Med. Chem. 2022, 65, 4,2785).
  • Compound A, the 5'-isobutyrate prodrug of nucleoside analogues has broad application prospects in the field of antiviral treatment. It is of great significance to study a simple and efficient synthesis method of this type of prodrug.
  • N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal DMF-DMA
  • DMF-DMA N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method for preparing monoisobutyryl nucleoside analogues, which has high yield, easy process control, simple operation, and is suitable for industrial large-scale production.
  • a method for preparing monoisobutyryl nucleoside analogues including the following steps:
  • Step a The compound of formula (II) undergoes a condensation reaction to obtain the compound of formula (III);
  • Step b the compound of formula (III) undergoes an acylation reaction to obtain the compound of formula (IV);
  • Step c deprotecting the compound of formula (IV) to obtain the monoisobutyryl nucleoside analog of formula (I) or a salt thereof;
  • X is selected from H or D;
  • R 3 is selected from H or isobutyryl
  • Y is selected from
  • R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl,
  • R 2 is selected from H, C1-C10 alkyl, aryl,
  • Z is selected from oxygen or direct bond
  • R 4 is selected from H, C1-C20 alkyl, and aryl.
  • the compound of formula (II) undergoes a condensation reaction with an orthoformate reagent to obtain the compound of formula (V),
  • the orthoformate ester reagent is selected from one of trimethyl orthoformate, triethyl orthoformate, trimethyl orthoacetate and trimethyl orthobutyrate;
  • the condensation reaction is carried out in a solvent, and the solvent is selected from C4-C20 orthoformates, C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers One or more of C1-C20 alcohols, polar aprotic solvents and acetonitrile;
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of trimethyl orthoformate, triethyl orthoformate, trimethyl orthoacetate, trimethyl orthobutyrate, n-hexane, n-heptane, toluene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate.
  • the condensation reaction is carried out with or without adding acid, and the acid is selected from one or more types of organic acids, inorganic acids and Lewis acids;
  • the organic acid is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, methanesulfonic acid , one or more of benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid;
  • the inorganic acid is selected from one or more types of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid;
  • the Lewis acid is selected from one or more of aluminum trichloride, boron trichloride, boron trifluoride in tetrahydrofuran solution, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride and zinc chloride;
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula (II) to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (1-30);
  • the reaction temperature is -20 ⁇ 80°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (II) to the orthoformate reagent is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 100);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (II) to the acid is 1: (0.01-3.0).
  • the compound of formula (II) undergoes a condensation reaction with boric acid or borate ester reagents to obtain the compound of formula (VI),
  • the boric acid or boric acid ester reagent is selected from one of butylboric acid, phenylboric acid, trimethyl borate and triisopropyl borate;
  • the condensation reaction is carried out with or without adding a dehydrating agent.
  • the dehydrating agent is selected from one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride. ;
  • the condensation reaction is carried out in a solvent, and the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, One or more of C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, pyridines, polar aprotic solvents and acetonitrile;
  • the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, One or more of C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, pyridines, polar aprotic solvents and acetonitrile;
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula (II) to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (1-30);
  • the reaction temperature is 10 to 150°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (II) to the boric acid or boric acid ester reagent is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 10.0);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (II) to the dehydrating agent is 1: (1.0-10.0).
  • the compound of formula (V) reacts with an isobutyrylation reagent to obtain the compound of formula (VII),
  • the isobutyrylation reagent is selected from isobutyryl chloride or isobutyric anhydride;
  • the acylation reaction is carried out under the action of a base, and the base is selected from organic bases and/or inorganic bases;
  • the organic base is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, 2,6-trimethylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, triethylamine, N- Methylimidazole, one or more of N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N,N-dimethylaniline;
  • the inorganic base is selected from one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
  • the acylation reaction is carried out in a solvent, and the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, polar aprotic solvents and one or more of acetonitrile;
  • the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, polar aprotic solvents and one or more of acetonitrile;
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula (V) to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (1-30);
  • the reaction temperature is -20 ⁇ 80°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (V) to the isobutyrylation reagent is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 5.0);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (V) to the base is 1: (0.01 ⁇ 5.0);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (V) to the isobutyrylation reagent and the base is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 2.5): (0.01 ⁇ 5.0).
  • the compound of formula (VI) reacts with an isobutyrylation reagent to obtain the compound of formula (VIII),
  • the isobutyrylation reagent is selected from isobutyryl chloride or isobutyric anhydride;
  • the acylation reaction is carried out under the action of a base, and the base is selected from organic bases and/or inorganic bases;
  • the organic base is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, 2,6-trimethylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, triethylamine, N- Methylimidazole, one or more of N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N,N-dimethylaniline;
  • the inorganic base is selected from one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
  • the acylation reaction is carried out in a solvent, and the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, polar aprotic solvents and one or more of acetonitrile;
  • the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, polar aprotic solvents and one or more of acetonitrile;
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula (V) to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (1-30);
  • the reaction temperature is -20 ⁇ 80°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (V) to the isobutyrylation reagent is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 5.0);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (V) to the base is 1: (0.01 ⁇ 5.0);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (V) to the isobutyrylation reagent and the base is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 2.5): (0.01 ⁇ 5.0).
  • the compound of formula (VII) is deprotected under acidic conditions to obtain the compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof,
  • the salt form of the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, hemisulfate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and triflate , phosphate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate, malonate or citrate;
  • the acid is selected from one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids and Lewis acids;
  • the organic acid is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid , one or more of salicylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid;
  • the inorganic acid is selected from one or more types of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid;
  • the Lewis acid is selected from one or more types of aluminum trichloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride and zinc chloride;
  • the deprotection reaction is carried out in a solvent, and the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C1-C20 alcohols, and C2-C20 ethers. class, polar aprotic solvent, one or more of acetonitrile and water;
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula (VII) to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1:(2 ⁇ 30);
  • the reaction temperature is 30-100°C, preferably 40-80°C, more preferably 50-70°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (VII) to the acid is 1: (0.05 ⁇ 5.0).
  • the compound of formula (VIII) is deprotected under acidic conditions to obtain the compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof,
  • the salt form of the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, hemisulfate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and triflate , phosphate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate, malonate or citrate;
  • the acid is selected from one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids and Lewis acids;
  • the organic acid is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid , one or more of salicylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid;
  • the inorganic acid is selected from one or more types of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid;
  • the Lewis acid is selected from one or more types of aluminum trichloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride and zinc chloride;
  • the deprotection reaction is carried out in a solvent, and the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C1-C20 alcohols, and C2-C20 ethers. class, polar aprotic solvent, one or more of acetonitrile and water;
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula (VII) to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1:(2 ⁇ 30);
  • the reaction temperature is 30-100°C, preferably 40-80°C, more preferably 50-70°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula (VII) to the acid is 1: (0.05 ⁇ 5.0).
  • R 3 is selected from H
  • the compound of formula (VIII) is deprotected in the presence of water to obtain the compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof
  • R 3 is selected from isobutyryl
  • the compound of formula (VIII) is deprotected in the presence of water to obtain the compound of formula (IX), and the compound of formula (IX) is further deprotected under acidic conditions to obtain the compound of formula (I) or its salt
  • the salt form of the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, hemisulfate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and triflate , phosphate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate, malonate or citrate;
  • the water is pure water or an aqueous solution containing solute
  • the acid is selected from one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids and Lewis acids;
  • the organic acid is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, One or more of oxalic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid;
  • the inorganic acid is selected from one or more types of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid;
  • the Lewis acid is selected from one or more of aluminum trichloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride and zinc chloride.
  • R1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl
  • R2 is selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl.
  • Z is selected from direct bonds.
  • R 4 is selected from phenyl.
  • the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the preparation method of the monoisobutyryl nucleoside analogue of the present invention has high yield, few by-products, easy control of the process, simple operation, safety and environmental protection, and is suitable for industrial large-scale production.
  • the ratio of weight to volume recorded in the present invention is g:ml.
  • the preparation method of a monoisobutyryl nucleoside analog of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step a The compound of formula II undergoes a condensation reaction to protect the 2’, 3’-dihydroxyl group of the ribose fragment to obtain the compound of formula III;
  • Step b An acylation reaction occurs between the compound of formula III and an acylating reagent to obtain the compound of formula IV;
  • Step c deprotecting the compound of formula IV to obtain a monoisobutyryl nucleoside analog of formula I or a salt thereof;
  • X is selected from H or D;
  • R 3 is selected from H or isobutyryl
  • Y is selected from
  • R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl,
  • R 2 is selected from H, C1-C10 alkyl, aryl. In some specific embodiments, R 2 is selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, more preferably H;
  • Z is selected from oxygen or direct bond. In some specific embodiments, Z is selected from direct bond;
  • R 4 is selected from H, C1-C20 alkyl, aryl. In some specific embodiments, R 4 is selected from methyl, butyl or phenyl, more preferably phenyl.
  • step a is specifically: a condensation reaction occurs between a compound of formula II and an orthoformate reagent to obtain a compound of formula V,
  • R 4 is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl. In some specific embodiments, R 4 is selected from methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl; R 5 is selected from H, C1- C10 alkyl, aryl, in some specific embodiments, R 5 is selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, more preferably H.
  • the orthoformate reagent is selected from one of trimethyl orthoformate, triethyl orthoformate, trimethyl orthoacetate and trimethyl orthobutyrate, and more preferably trimethyl orthoformate. Methyl ester.
  • the condensation reaction is carried out in a solvent with or without the addition of acid.
  • the compound of formula II, acid and orthoformate esters are added to the solvent to carry out the reaction, and the reaction is completed.
  • the mixture is concentrated with or without the addition of a base, and then water and solvent are added, extracted, and purified to obtain the compound of formula V.
  • the solvent is selected from C4-C20 orthoformates, C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, One or more of C1-C20 alcohols, polar aprotic solvents and acetonitrile.
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of trimethyl orthoformate, triethyl orthoformate, trimethyl orthoacetate, trimethyl orthobutyrate, n-hexane, n-heptane, toluene, chlorobenzene, dichloro Methane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, N, One or more of N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane and acetonitrile; more preferably, trimethyl orthoformate, One or more of dichloromethane and N-methylpyrrolidone, more preferably trimethyl orthoformate, One or
  • the acid is selected from one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids and Lewis acids.
  • the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. , methanesulfonic acid, One or more of benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid;
  • the inorganic acid is selected from one or more types of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid;
  • the Lewis acid is selected from one or more of aluminum trichloride, boron trichloride, boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran solution, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride and zinc chloride.
  • the acid is selected from one or more of p-toluenesulfonic acid, boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran solution and phosphoric acid, and more preferably p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate.
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula II to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (1-30), preferably 1: (3-20), more preferably 1: (5-10), more specifically is 1:8;
  • the reaction temperature is -20 ⁇ 80°C, preferably 0 ⁇ 60°C, more preferably 15 ⁇ 50°C, more preferably 15 ⁇ 45°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula II to the orthoformate reagent is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 100);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula II to the acid is 1: (0.01-3.0), preferably 1: (0.05-2.0), more preferably 1: (0.10-0.50), more specifically 1:0.20.
  • step a is specifically: the compound of formula II undergoes a condensation reaction with a boric acid or borate ester reagent to obtain a compound of formula VI,
  • the boric acid or boric acid ester reagent is selected from boric acid, C1-C20 organic boric acid, or C1-C20 boric acid ester, preferably butylboric acid, phenylboric acid, trimethyl borate and trimethyl borate.
  • the condensation reaction is carried out with or without adding a dehydrating agent.
  • the dehydrating agent is selected from one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, preferably sodium sulfate.
  • the condensation reaction is carried out in a solvent.
  • the compound of formula II, boric acid or boric acid ester reagents are added to the solvent, with or without a dehydrating agent, and the reaction is carried out. After the reaction is completed, Concentrate with or without adding a base, then add water and solvent, extract, and purify to obtain the compound of formula VI.
  • the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, pyridines, polar aprotic solvents and acetonitrile, preferably toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl One or more of pyrrolidone, acetonitrile and pyridine, more preferably one or more of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and pyridine, more preferably acetonitrile.
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula II to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (1-30), preferably 1: (3-20), more preferably 1: (5-10), more specifically is 1:8;
  • the reaction temperature is 10-150°C, preferably 50-120°C, more preferably 60-100°C, more preferably 70-80°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula II to the boric acid or boric acid ester reagent is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 10.0), preferably 1: (1.0 ⁇ 5.0), more preferably 1: (1.0 ⁇ 3.0), more specifically 1:2 ;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula II to the dehydrating agent is 1: (1.0-10.0), preferably 1: (1.0-5.0), more preferably 1: (1.0-3.0), more specifically 1:2.
  • step b is specifically: reacting a compound of formula V with an isobutyrylation reagent to obtain a compound of formula VII,
  • the compound of formula V reacts with an isobutyrylation reagent and a base to obtain a compound of formula VII.
  • an isobutyrylation reagent and a base to obtain a compound of formula VII.
  • the compound of formula V, a base and an isobutyrylation reagent are added to the solvent to carry out the reaction, and the reaction is completed. Afterwards, add water, extract, concentrate and purify to obtain the compound of formula VII.
  • the isobutyrylation reagent is selected from isobutyryl chloride or isobutyric anhydride, preferably isobutyryl chloride.
  • the base is selected from organic bases and/or inorganic bases
  • the organic base is preferably pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, 2,6-trimethylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, triethylamine, N-methylimidazole, One or more of N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N,N-dimethylaniline, more preferably 4-dimethylaminopyridine and/or triethylamine, more preferably triethylamine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine;
  • the inorganic base is preferably one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, more preferably Sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate.
  • the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, polar aprotic solvents and acetonitrile.
  • One or more, more preferably one of toluene, methylene chloride and N-methylpyrrolidone One or more, more preferably methylene chloride.
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula V to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (1-30), preferably 1: (2-20); more preferably 1: (5-10), more preferably It is 1:8 ⁇ 10;
  • the reaction temperature is -20 ⁇ 80°C, preferably 20 ⁇ 70°C, more preferably 30 ⁇ 60°C, more preferably 15 ⁇ 35°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula V to the isobutyrylation reagent is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 5.0), preferably 1: (1.0 ⁇ 4.0), more preferably 1: (1.0 ⁇ 3.0);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula V to the base is 1: (0.01 ⁇ 5.0);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula V to the isobutyrylation reagent and the base is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 2.5): (0.01 ⁇ 5.0).
  • step b is specifically: reacting a compound of formula VI with an isobutyrylation reagent to obtain a compound of formula VIII,
  • the compound of formula VI reacts with an isobutyrylation reagent and a base to obtain a compound of formula VIII.
  • the compound of formula VI, a base and an isobutyrylation reagent are added to the solvent to carry out the reaction, and the reaction is completed. Afterwards, add water, extract, concentrate and purify to obtain the compound of formula VIII.
  • the isobutyrylation reagent is selected from isobutyryl chloride or isobutyric anhydride, preferably isobutyryl chloride;
  • the base is selected from organic bases and/or inorganic bases
  • the organic base is preferably pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, 2,6-trimethylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, triethylamine, N-methylimidazole, N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N,N-dimethylaniline One or more of them, more preferably 4-dimethylaminopyridine and/or triethylamine, more preferably triethylamine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine;
  • the inorganic base is preferably one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, more preferably Sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate.
  • the acylation reaction is carried out in a solvent, and the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C2-C20 ethers, One or more of polar aprotic solvents and acetonitrile, preferably n-hexane, n-heptane, toluene, chlorobenzene, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, and methyl tert-butyl Ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylpyrrolidone One or more of sulfone, sulfolane and
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula V to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (1-30), preferably 1: (2-20); more preferably 1: (5-10), more preferably It is 1:8 ⁇ 10;
  • the reaction temperature is -20 ⁇ 80°C, preferably 20 ⁇ 70°C, more preferably 30 ⁇ 60°C, more preferably 15 ⁇ 35°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula V to the isobutyrylation reagent is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 5.0), preferably 1: (1.0 ⁇ 4.0), more preferably 1: (1.0 ⁇ 3.0);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula V to the base is 1: (0.01 ⁇ 5.0);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula V to the isobutyrylation reagent and the base is 1: (1.0 ⁇ 2.5): (0.01 ⁇ 5.0).
  • step c is specifically: the compound of formula VII is deprotected under acidic conditions to obtain the compound of formula I or a salt thereof,
  • the salt form of the compound of formula I is selected from hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, hemisulfate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, triflate, phosphoric acid Salt, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate, malonate or citrate.
  • the compound of formula VII removes the protecting group in the presence of acid, or removes the protecting group and N-isobutyryl group simultaneously to obtain the compound of formula I.
  • the compound of formula I is added to the solvent.
  • Compound VII is then added with acid to carry out the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure, water and solvent are added, extracted, concentrated and purified to obtain the compound of Formula I.
  • the acid is selected from one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids and Lewis acids;
  • the organic acids are preferably formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. , one or more of methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid;
  • the inorganic acid is preferably one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid;
  • the Lewis acid is preferably one or more of aluminum trichloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride and zinc chloride.
  • the acid is preferably one or more of formic acid, acetic acid, hydrobromic acid and phosphoric acid.
  • the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C1-C20 alcohols, C2-C20 ethers, polar Aprotic solvents, acetonitrile and One or more of water, preferably n-heptane, toluene, chlorobenzene, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, One or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, acetonitrile and water , more preferably one or more of ethyl acetate, ethanol
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula VII to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (2-30), preferably 1: (3-20), more preferably 1: (5-10), more preferably It is 1:8 ⁇ 10;
  • the reaction temperature is 30-100°C, preferably 40-80°C, more preferably 50-70°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula VII to the acid is 1: (0.05 ⁇ 5.0), preferably 1: (0.2 ⁇ 2.5), more preferably 1: (1.0 ⁇ 2.0).
  • step c is specifically: the compound of formula VIII is deprotected under acidic conditions to obtain the compound of formula I or a salt thereof,
  • the salt form of the compound of formula I is selected from hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, hemisulfate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, triflate, phosphoric acid Salt, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate, malonate or citrate.
  • the compound of formula VIII removes the protecting group in the presence of acid, or removes the protecting group and N-isobutyryl group simultaneously to obtain the compound of formula I.
  • the compound of formula VIII is added to the solvent.
  • Compound VIII then add acid to carry out the reaction. After the reaction is completed, concentrate under reduced pressure, add water and solvent, Extract, concentrate and purify to obtain the compound of formula I.
  • the acid is selected from one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids and Lewis acids;
  • the organic acids are preferably formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. , one or more of methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid;
  • the inorganic acid is preferably one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid;
  • the Lewis acid is preferably one or more of aluminum trichloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride and zinc chloride.
  • the acid is preferably one or more of formic acid, acetic acid, hydrobromic acid and phosphoric acid.
  • the solvent is selected from C5-C20 hydrocarbons, C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbons, C1-C20 halogenated hydrocarbons, C2-C20 esters, C1-C20 alcohols, C2-C20 ethers, polar Aprotic solvent, one or more of acetonitrile and water, preferably n-heptane, toluene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran , dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, acetonitrile and water One or more of them, more preferably one or more of ethyl acetate, ethanol
  • the ratio of the weight of the compound of formula VII to the volume of the reaction solvent is 1: (2-30), preferably 1: (3-20), more preferably 1: (5-10), more preferably It is 1:8 ⁇ 10;
  • the reaction temperature is 30-100°C, preferably 40-80°C, more preferably 50-70°C;
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula VII to the acid is 1: (0.05 ⁇ 5.0), preferably 1: (0.2 ⁇ 2.5), more preferably 1: (1.0 ⁇ 2.0).
  • R 3 when R 3 is selected from H, the compound of formula (VIII) is deprotected in the presence of water to obtain the compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof,
  • R 3 is selected from isobutyryl
  • the compound of formula (VIII) is deprotected in the presence of water to obtain the compound of formula (IX), and the compound of formula (IX) is further deprotected under acidic conditions to obtain the compound of formula (I) or its salt
  • the salt form of the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, hemisulfate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and triflate , phosphate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate, malonate or citrate.
  • the water is pure water or an aqueous solution containing a solute
  • the aqueous solution containing a solute may be a sodium chloride solution
  • the acid is selected from one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids and Lewis acids.
  • the organic acid is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid Acid, benzene One or more of acid, salicylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
  • the inorganic acid is selected from one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid.
  • the Lewis acid is selected from one or more of aluminum trichloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride, and zinc chloride.
  • reaction conditions and the relationship between the reactants can refer to the above-mentioned related operations of deprotecting the compound of formula VIII under acidic conditions to obtain the compound of formula I or its salt.

Abstract

公开了一种式(I)单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:缩合反应,酰化反应,脱保护基反应,得到单异丁酰基核苷类似物或其盐。所述制备方法收率高,副产物少,过程易控,操作简单,安全环保,适合工业化大规模生产。

Description

一种单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法
本申请要求2022年03月31日提交的中国申请号202210333362.7的优先权,其全部内容和公开以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明属于制药技术领域,具体涉及一种单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法。
背景技术
核苷及其类似物的单异丁酸酯前药形式能够改善母体核苷的理化和代谢性质,提高口服生物利用度,比如,化合物GS-441524具有良好的体外抗病毒活性,但口服生物利用度低,在其5’位置引入一个异丁酰基后的化合物A,其口服生物利用度有了显著改善(Bioor.Med.Chem,2021,46,116364;J.Med.Chem.2022,65,4,2785)。核苷类似物的5’-异丁酸酯前药化合物A在抗病毒治疗领域具有广阔的应用前景,研究该类前药简单、高效的合成方法具有重要意义。
现有文献报道了使用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(DMF-DMA)同时保护羟基和胺基的方法制备5’-异丁酸酯,该方法中脱保护基的副产物是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),不利于大规模生产阶段的三废处理,而且增加了原料药中含有基因毒杂质二甲基亚硝胺的风险。
现有专利申请CN 113735862A,CN 113754665A报道了缩丙酮保护二羟基的策略,但使用了缩合剂二环己基羰二亚胺(DCC)和柱层析纯化,而且最后脱保护基的收率较低(49%-66%)。
现有的化合物GS-441524的5’-异丁酸酯前药化合物A的合成方法都不利于大规模生产,因此,开发步骤简便,适于放大生产,绿色可持续的5’-异丁酸酯前药的合成新方法具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,该方法收率高,过程易控,操作简单,适合工业化大规模生产。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案是:
一种单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤a:式(II)化合物发生缩合反应,得到式(III)化合物;
步骤b:式(III)化合物发生酰化反应,得到式(IV)化合物;
步骤c:式(IV)化合物脱保护基,得到式(I)单异丁酰基核苷类似物或其盐;
其中,X选自H或D;
R3选自H或异丁酰基;
Y选自
R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基或正丁基,
R2选自H,C1-C10的烷基,芳基,
Z选自氧或直接键,
R4选自H,C1-C20的烷基,芳基。
优选地,式(II)化合物与原甲酸酯类试剂发生缩合反应,得到式(V)化合物,
优选地,原甲酸酯类试剂选自原甲酸三甲酯、原甲酸三乙酯、原乙酸三甲酯和原丁酸三甲酯中的一种;
优选地,缩合反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂选自C4-C20原甲酸酯,C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,C1-C20醇类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中的一种或多种;
优选地,溶剂选自原甲酸三甲酯、原甲酸三乙酯、原乙酸三甲酯、原丁酸三甲酯、正己烷、正庚烷、甲苯、氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜和乙腈中的一种或多种;
优选地,缩合反应在加入酸或不加酸条件下进行,酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
更优选地,有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、三氯化硼、三氟化硼四氢呋喃溶液、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种;
优选地,所述式(II)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30);
优选地,所述反应温度为-20~80℃;
优选地,所述式(II)化合物与原甲酸酯类试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~100);
优选地,所述式(II)化合物与酸的摩尔比为1:(0.01~3.0)。
优选地,式(II)化合物与硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂发生缩合反应,得到式(VI)化合物,
优选地,硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂选自丁基硼酸、苯基硼酸、硼酸三甲酯和硼酸三异丙酯中的一种;
优选地,缩合反应在加入脱水剂或不加脱水剂条件下进行,脱水剂选自硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、硫酸钙、氯化钾、氯化镁和氯化钙中的一种或多种;
优选地,缩合反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类, C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,吡啶类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中的一种或多种;
优选地,式(II)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30);
优选地,反应温度为10~150℃;
优选地,式(II)化合物与硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~10.0);
优选地,式(II)化合物与脱水剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~10.0)。
优选地,式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂发生反应,得到式(VII)化合物,
优选地,异丁酰化试剂选自异丁酰氯或异丁酸酐;
优选地,酰化反应在碱的作用下进行,碱选自有机碱和/或无机碱;
更优选地,有机碱选自吡啶,4-二甲基氨基吡啶,2,4,6-三甲基吡啶,2,6-三甲基吡啶,3-甲基吡啶,三乙胺,N-甲基咪唑,N,N-二异丙基乙胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺中的一种或多种;
无机碱选自碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钾,碳酸钾,乙酸钠,乙酸钾,磷酸钠,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸钾和磷酸氢二钾中的一种或多种;
优选地,酰化反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中的一种或多种;
优选地,式(V)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30);
优选地,反应温度为-20~80℃;
优选地,式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~5.0);
优选地,式(V)化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:(0.01~5.0);
优选地,式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂与碱的摩尔比为1:(1.0~2.5):(0.01~5.0)。
优选地,式(VI)化合物与异丁酰化试剂发生反应,得到式(VIII)化合物,
优选地,异丁酰化试剂选自异丁酰氯或异丁酸酐;
优选地,酰化反应在碱的作用下进行,碱选自有机碱和/或无机碱;
更优选地,有机碱选自吡啶,4-二甲基氨基吡啶,2,4,6-三甲基吡啶,2,6-三甲基吡啶,3-甲基吡啶,三乙胺,N-甲基咪唑,N,N-二异丙基乙胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺中的一种或多种;
无机碱选自碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钾,碳酸钾,乙酸钠,乙酸钾,磷酸钠,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸钾和磷酸氢二钾中的一种或多种;
优选地,酰化反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中一种或多种;
优选地,式(V)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30);
优选地,反应温度为-20~80℃;
优选地,式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~5.0);
优选地,式(V)化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:(0.01~5.0);
优选地,式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂与碱的摩尔比为1:(1.0~2.5):(0.01~5.0)。
优选地,式(VII)化合物在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合物或其盐,
其中,式(I)化合物的盐型选自盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,半硫酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,三氟甲磺酸盐,磷酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,酒石酸盐,草酸盐,丙二酸盐或柠檬酸盐;
优选地,酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
更优选地,有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种;
优选地,脱保护基反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C1-C20醇类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂,乙腈和水中的一种或多种;
优选地,式(VII)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(2~30);
优选地,反应温度为30~100℃,优选为40~80℃,更优选为50~70℃;
优选地,式(VII)化合物与酸的摩尔比为1:(0.05~5.0)。
优选地,式(VIII)化合物在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合物或其盐,
其中,式(I)化合物的盐型选自盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,半硫酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,三氟甲磺酸盐,磷酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,酒石酸盐,草酸盐,丙二酸盐或柠檬酸盐;
优选地,酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
更优选地,有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种;
优选地,脱保护基反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C1-C20醇类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂,乙腈和水中的一种或多种;
优选地,式(VII)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(2~30);
优选地,反应温度为30~100℃,优选为40~80℃,更优选为50~70℃;
优选地,式(VII)化合物与酸的摩尔比为1:(0.05~5.0)。
优选地,当R3选自H时,式(VIII)化合物在水存在下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合物或其盐,
当R3选自异丁酰基时,式(VIII)化合物在水存在下脱保护基,得到式(Ⅸ)化合物,式(Ⅸ)化合物进一步在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合物或其盐,
其中,式(I)化合物的盐型选自盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,半硫酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,三氟甲磺酸盐,磷酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,酒石酸盐,草酸盐,丙二酸盐或柠檬酸盐;
优选地,水为纯水或含有溶质的水溶液;
优选地,酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
更优选地,有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、 草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种。
优选地,R1选自甲基、乙基、正丙基或正丁基,R2选自H,甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
优选地,Z选自直接键。
进一步优选地,R4选自苯基。
由于以上技术方案的采用,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
本发明单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,收率高,副产物少,过程易控,操作简单,安全环保,适合工业化大规模生产。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案和有益效果能够更加明显易懂,下面通过列举具体实施例的方式进行详细说明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规实验条件。本发明所用试剂和原料除特殊说明外均为市售可得。
如无特别说明,本发明所记载的重量与体积的比均为g:ml。
本发明一种单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤a:式II化合物发生缩合反应保护核糖片段的2’,3’-二羟基,得到式III化合物;
步骤b:式III化合物与酰化试剂发生酰化反应,得到式IV化合物;
步骤c:式IV化合物脱保护基,得到式I单异丁酰基核苷类似物或其盐;
其中,X选自H或D;
R3选自H或异丁酰基;
Y选自
R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基或正丁基,
R2选自H,C1-C10的烷基,芳基,在一些具体的实施例中,R2选自H,甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基,更优选为H;
Z选自氧或直接键,在一些具体的实施例中,Z选自直接键;
R4选自H,C1-C20的烷基,芳基,在一些具体的实施例中,R4选自甲基、丁基或苯基,更优选为苯基。
在一个具体的实施例中,步骤a具体地为:式II化合物与原甲酸酯类试剂发生缩合反应,得到式V化合物,
其中,原甲酸酯类试剂的结构如式Ⅸ所示:
R4选自甲基,乙基,正丙基或正丁基,在一些具体的实施例中,R4选自甲基或乙基,更优选为甲基;R5选自H,C1-C10的烷基,芳基,在一些具体的实施例中,R5选自H,甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基,更优选为H。
在一些具体的实施例中,原甲酸酯类试剂选自原甲酸三甲酯、原甲酸三乙酯、原乙酸三甲酯和原丁酸三甲酯中的一种,更优选为原甲酸三甲酯。
在一些具体的实施例中,该缩合反应在溶剂中,在加入酸或不加酸条件下进行,具体地,向溶剂中加入式II化合物,酸和原甲酸酯类试剂,进行反应,反应结束后,在加入碱或不加碱条件下,浓缩,再加入水和溶剂,萃取,纯化得到式V化合物。
在一些具体的实施例中,溶剂选自C4-C20原甲酸酯,C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,C1-C20醇类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,溶剂选自原甲酸三甲酯、原甲酸三乙酯、原乙酸三甲酯、原丁酸三甲酯、正己烷、正庚烷、甲苯、氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜和乙腈中的一种或多种;更优选为原甲酸三甲酯、二氯甲烷和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种,更优选为原甲酸三甲酯。
在一些具体的实施例中,酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、 苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、三氯化硼、三氟化硼四氢呋喃溶液、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种。
更优选地,酸选自对甲苯磺酸、三氟化硼四氢呋喃溶液和磷酸中的一种或多种,更优选为对甲苯磺酸一水合物。
在一些具体的实施例中,式II化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30),优选为1:(3-20),更优选为1:(5~10),更具体为1:8;
反应温度为-20~80℃,优选为0~60℃,更优选为15~50℃,更优选为15~45℃;
式II化合物与原甲酸酯类试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~100);
式II化合物与酸的摩尔比为1:(0.01~3.0),优选为1:(0.05~2.0),更优选为1:(0.10~0.50),更具体为1:0.20。
在一个具体的实施例中,步骤a具体地为:式II化合物与硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂发生缩合反应,得到式VI化合物,
在一些具体的实施例中,硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂选自硼酸,C1-C20有机硼酸,或C1-C20硼酸酯,优选为丁基硼酸、苯基硼酸、硼酸三甲酯和硼酸三异丙酯中的一种,更优选为苯硼酸。
在一些具体的实施例中,该缩合反应在加入脱水剂或不加脱水剂条件下进行。
脱水剂选自硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、硫酸钙、氯化钾、氯化镁和氯化钙中的一种或多种,优选为硫酸钠。
在一些具体的实施例中,该缩合反应在溶剂中进行,具体地,向溶剂中加入式II化合物,硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂,加或不加脱水剂,进行反应,反应结束后,在加入碱或不加碱条件下,浓缩,再加入水和溶剂,萃取,纯化得到式VI化合物。
在一些具体的实施例中,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,吡啶类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中的一种或多种,优选为甲苯、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙腈和吡啶中的一种或多种,更优选为2-甲基四氢呋喃、乙腈和吡啶中的一种或多种,更优选为乙腈。
在一些具体的实施例中,式II化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30),优选为1:(3-20),更优选为1:(5~10),更具体为1:8;
反应温度为10~150℃,优选为50~120℃,更优选为60~100℃,更优选为70~80℃;
式II化合物与硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~10.0),优选为1:(1.0~5.0),更优选为1:(1.0~3.0),更具体为1:2;
式II化合物与脱水剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~10.0),优选为1:(1.0~5.0),更优选为1:(1.0~3.0),更具体为1:2。
在一个具体的实施例中,步骤b具体地为:式V化合物与异丁酰化试剂发生反应,得到式VII化合物,
在一些具体的实施例中,式V化合物与异丁酰化试剂及碱反应,得到式VII化合物,具体地,向溶剂中加入式V化合物,碱和异丁酰化试剂,进行反应,反应结束后,加入水,萃取,浓缩,纯化得式VII化合物。
在一些具体的实施例中,异丁酰化试剂选自异丁酰氯或异丁酸酐,优选为异丁酰氯。
在一些具体的实施例中,碱选自有机碱和/或无机碱;
有机碱优选为吡啶,4-二甲基氨基吡啶,2,4,6-三甲基吡啶,2,6-三甲基吡啶,3-甲基吡啶,三乙胺,N-甲基咪唑,N,N-二异丙基乙胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺中的一种或多种,更优选为4-二甲基氨基吡啶和/或三乙胺,更优选为三乙胺和4-二甲基氨基吡啶;
无机碱优选为碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钾,碳酸钾,乙酸钠,乙酸钾,磷酸钠,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸钾和磷酸氢二钾中的一种或多种,更优选为碳酸钠和/或碳酸钾。
在一些具体的实施例中,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中的一种或多种,优选为正己烷、正庚烷、甲苯、氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜和乙腈中的一种或多种,更优选为甲苯,二氯甲烷和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一 种或多种,更优选为二氯甲烷。
在一些具体的实施例中,式V化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30),优选为1:(2-20);更优选为1:(5~10),更优选为1:8~10;
反应温度为-20~80℃,优选为20~70℃,更优选为30~60℃,更优选为15~35℃;
式V化合物与异丁酰化试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~5.0),优选为1:(1.0~4.0),更优选为1:(1.0~3.0);
式V化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:(0.01~5.0);
式V化合物与异丁酰化试剂与碱的摩尔比为1:(1.0~2.5):(0.01~5.0)。
在一个具体的实施例中,步骤b具体地为:式VI化合物与异丁酰化试剂发生反应,得到式VIII化合物,
在一些具体的实施例中,式VI化合物与异丁酰化试剂及碱反应,得式VIII化合物,具体地,向溶剂中加入式VI化合物,碱和异丁酰化试剂,进行反应,反应结束后,加入水,萃取,浓缩,纯化得式VIII化合物。
在一些具体的实施例中,异丁酰化试剂选自异丁酰氯或异丁酸酐,优选为异丁酰氯;
在一些具体的实施例中,碱选自有机碱和/或无机碱;
有机碱优选为吡啶,4-二甲基氨基吡啶,2,4,6-三甲基吡啶,2,6-三甲基吡啶,3-甲基吡啶,三乙胺,N-甲基咪唑,N,N-二异丙基乙胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺 中的一种或多种,更优选为4-二甲基氨基吡啶和/或三乙胺,更优选为三乙胺和4-二甲基氨基吡啶;
无机碱优选为碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钾,碳酸钾,乙酸钠,乙酸钾,磷酸钠,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸钾和磷酸氢二钾中的一种或多种,更优选为碳酸钠和/或碳酸钾。
在一些具体的实施例中,酰化反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中一种或多种,优选为正己烷、正庚烷、甲苯、氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜和乙腈中的一种或多种,更优选为甲苯,二氯甲烷和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种,更优选为二氯甲烷。
在一些具体的实施例中,式V化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30),优选为1:(2-20);更优选为1:(5~10),更优选为1:8~10;
反应温度为-20~80℃,优选为20~70℃,更优选为30~60℃,更优选为15~35℃;
式V化合物与异丁酰化试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~5.0),优选为1:(1.0~4.0),更优选为1:(1.0~3.0);
式V化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:(0.01~5.0);
式V化合物与异丁酰化试剂与碱的摩尔比为1:(1.0~2.5):(0.01~5.0)。
在一个具体的实施例中,步骤c具体地为:式VII化合物在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式I化合物或其盐,
其中,式I化合物的盐型选自盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,半硫酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,三氟甲磺酸盐,磷酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,酒石酸盐,草酸盐,丙二酸盐或柠檬酸盐。
在一些具体的实施例中,式VII化合物,在酸存在下,脱掉保护基,或者同时脱掉保护基和N-异丁酰基,得式I所示化合物,具体地,向溶剂中加入式VII化合物,然后加入酸,进行反应,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加入水和溶剂,萃取,浓缩,纯化得式I化合物。
在一些具体的实施例中,酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
有机酸优选为甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
无机酸优选为硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
路易斯酸优选为三氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,酸优选为甲酸、乙酸、氢溴酸和磷酸中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C1-C20醇类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂,乙腈和 水中的一种或多种,优选为正庚烷、甲苯、氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜,乙腈和水中的一种或多种,更优选为乙酸乙酯,乙醇和乙腈中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,式VII化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(2~30),优选为1:(3-20),更优选为1:(5~10),更优选为1:8~10;
反应温度为30~100℃,优选为40~80℃,更优选为50~70℃;
式VII化合物与酸的摩尔比为1:(0.05~5.0),优选为1:(0.2~2.5),更优选为1:(1.0~2.0)。
在一个具体的实施例中,步骤c具体地为:式VIII化合物在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式I化合物或其盐,
其中,式I化合物的盐型选自盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,半硫酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,三氟甲磺酸盐,磷酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,酒石酸盐,草酸盐,丙二酸盐或柠檬酸盐。
在一些具体的实施例中,式VIII化合物,在酸存在下,脱掉保护基,或者同时脱掉保护基和N-异丁酰基,得式I所示化合物,具体地,向溶剂中加入式VIII化合物,然后加入酸,进行反应,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加入水和溶剂, 萃取,浓缩,纯化得式I化合物。
在一些具体的实施例中,酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
有机酸优选为甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
无机酸优选为硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
路易斯酸优选为三氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,酸优选为甲酸、乙酸、氢溴酸和磷酸中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C1-C20醇类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂,乙腈和水中的一种或多种,优选为正庚烷、甲苯、氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜,乙腈和水中的一种或多种,更优选为乙酸乙酯,乙醇和乙腈中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,式VII化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(2~30),优选为1:(3-20),更优选为1:(5~10),更优选为1:8~10;
反应温度为30~100℃,优选为40~80℃,更优选为50~70℃;
式VII化合物与酸的摩尔比为1:(0.05~5.0),优选为1:(0.2~2.5),更优选为1:(1.0~2.0)。
在一些具体的实施例中,当R3选自H时,式(VIII)化合物在水存在下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合物或其盐,
当R3选自异丁酰基时,式(VIII)化合物在水存在下脱保护基,得到式(Ⅸ)化合物,式(Ⅸ)化合物进一步在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合物或其盐,
其中,式(I)化合物的盐型选自盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,半硫酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,三氟甲磺酸盐,磷酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,酒石酸盐,草酸盐,丙二酸盐或柠檬酸盐。
在一些具体的实施例中,水为纯水或含有溶质的水溶液,含有溶质的水溶液可以为氯化钠溶液。
在一些具体的实施例中,酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲 酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施例中,反应条件及反应物的相互关系可以参照上述的式VIII化合物在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式I化合物或其盐的相关操作。
实施例1 制备化合物1
把化合物GS-441524(5.0g,17.2mmol)加入到N-甲基吡咯烷酮中(25mL),然后加入原甲酸三甲酯(5.5g,51.6mmol)和对甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.65g,3.4mmol),在15-25℃反应16小时,加入甲醇钠(0.19g,3.4mmol),减压浓缩,向浓缩后的残留物中加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)和水(70mL),萃取分层,有机相再用水洗两次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得到化合物1(5.3g,收率93%,两个异构体化合物,核磁氢谱显示两者比例约为6:4)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δppm 7.96(brs,3H),6.96–6.86(m,2H),6.28(s,0.6H),6.12(s,0.4H),5.59(d,0.6H),5.34(d,0.4H),5.05–5.02(m,1H),4.95–4.88(m,1H),4.43(d,0.4H),4.31(d,0.6H),3.57–3.48(m,2H),3.43(s,1.2H),3.28(s,1.8H).MS m/z=334.0[M+l]+
实施例2 制备化合物1
把化合物GS-441524(5.0g,17.2mmol)加入到原甲酸三甲酯(25mL)中,再加入对甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.65g,3.4mmol),在15-25℃反应20小时,减压浓缩,加入到水和甲基叔丁基醚中,分层,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,加入正庚烷,搅拌,过滤,干燥得化合物1(5.2g,收率91%)。其核磁氢谱与实施例1一致。
实施例3 制备化合物3
把化合物2(10.0g,34.2mmol)加入到原甲酸三甲酯(60mL)中,再加入对甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.65g,3.4mmol),在10-20℃反应20小时,减压浓缩,加入到水和甲基叔丁基醚中,分层,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,加入正庚烷,搅拌,过滤,干燥得化合物3(10.3g,收率88%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δppm 7.96(brs,3H),6.92(d,0.6H),6.82(d,0.4H),6.28(s,0.6H),6.10(s,0.4H),5.59(d,0.6H),5.34(d,0.4H),5.05–5.02(m,1H),4.93–4.85(m,1H),4.43(d,0.4H),4.31(d,0.6H),3.57–3.48(m,2H),3.43(s,1.2H),3.26(s,1.8H).MS m/z=335.0[M+l]+
实施例4 制备化合物4
将化合物1(15.0g,45mmol)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(0.55g,4.5mmol)加入到N-甲基吡咯烷酮(60mL)中,降温至0℃,滴加异丁酸酐(7.8g,49.5mmol),反应4小时后,将反应液倒入冰水(250mL)和甲基叔丁基醚(100mL)的混合溶液中,然后依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(80mL)、5%氢溴酸溶液(50mL)和水(80mL)洗涤,浓缩有机相,然后加入正庚烷,有固体析出,过滤,干燥得化合物4(16.7g,收率92%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δppm 7.96(brs,3H),6.93–6.83(m,1.6H),6.81(s,0.4H),6.30(s,0.6H),6.15(s,0.4H),5.62(d,0.6H),5.54(d,0.4H),5.05–5.02(m,1H),4.59–4.58(m,1H),4.24–4.10(m,2H),3.44(s,1.2H),3.29(s,1.8H),2.50–2.43(m,1H),1.07–2.99(m,6H).MS m/z=404.0[M+l]+
实施例5 制备化合物5
把化合物1(7.5g,22.5mmol)加入到二氯甲烷(75mL)中,再加入三乙胺(5.7g,56.2mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.55g,4.5mmol),降温至0℃,滴加异丁酰氯(6.0g,56.2mmol),然后升温到35-40℃反应,反应结束后,将反应液倒入冰水(100mL)中,分层,然后依次用水(100mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(200mL)洗涤分出的有机相,浓缩有机相,然后加入正庚烷,有固体 析出,冷却,过滤,干燥得化合物5(10.0g,收率94%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ12.02,10.93(d,1H),8.45(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.26–7.03(m,2H),6.32,6.17(d,1H),5.62-5.43(dd,1H),5.04-4.97(m,1H),4.71-4.64(m,1H),4.23–4.11(m,2H),3.44.3.30(d,3H),3.13-3.10(m,1H),2.49–2.37(m,1H),1.14–0.92(m,12H).
ESI-MS:m/z=474.1[M+H]+
实施例6 制备化合物6
将化合物3(8.0g,23.9mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.29g,2.4mmol)加入到N-甲基吡咯烷酮(40mL)中,降温至0℃,滴加异丁酸酐(4.2g,26.3mmol),反应4小时后,将反应液倒入冰水(200mL)和甲基叔丁基醚(80mL)的混合溶液中,然后依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(60mL)、5%氢溴酸溶液(50mL)和水(80mL)洗涤,浓缩有机相,然后加入正庚烷,有固体析出,过滤,干燥得化合物6(8.6g,收率89%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.99(d,3H),6.89,6.80(d,1H),6.30,6.14(d,1H),6.62-6.40(dd,1H),5.04–5.01(m,1H),4.67–4.57(m,1H),4.26–4.10(m,2H),3.43,3.29(s,3H),3.29(s,2H),2.46–2.42(m,1H),1.08–0.89(m,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=405.1[M+H]+
实施例7 制备化合物7
把化合物3(12g,35.9mmol)加入到二氯甲烷(120mL)中,再加入三乙胺(9.1g,89.8mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.44g,3.6mmol),降温至0℃,滴加异丁酰氯(9.6g,89.8mmol),然后升温到25-35℃反应,反应结束后,将反应液倒入冰水(120mL)中,分层,然后依次用水(100mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(200mL)洗涤分出的有机相,浓缩有机相,然后加入正庚烷,有固体析出,冷却,过滤,干燥得化合物7(15.5g,收率91%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ12.02,10.93(d,1H),8.45(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.13,7.04(d,1H),6.32,6.17(d,1H),5.62-5.43(dd,1H),5.04-4.97(m,1H),4.71-4.64(m,1H),4.23–4.11(m,2H),3.44.3.30(d,3H),3.13-3.10(m,1H),2.49–2.37(m,1H),1.14–0.92(m,12H).
ESI-MS:m/z=475.2[M+H]+
实施例8 制备化合物A氢溴酸盐
将化合物4(106mg,0.263mmol)加入乙醇(2mL),48%HBr水溶液(46mg,0.276mmol),室温搅拌反应过夜,浓缩,EA(2mL)打浆得到白色固体 化合物8,即化合物A氢溴酸盐(80mg,收率69%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ9.44(bs,1H),8.88(bs,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.28(s,1H),6.96(s,1H),5.55(bs,3H),4.63(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),4.33–4.24(m,2H),4.24–4.12(m,1H),3.94(dd,J=6.5,4.9Hz,1H),2.52(m,1H),1.13–0.88(m,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=362.2[M+H]+
实施例9 制备氘代化合物A氢溴酸盐
将化合物6(106mg,0.263mmol)加入乙醇(2mL),48%HBr水溶液(46mg,0.276mmol),室温搅拌反应过夜,浓缩,EA(2mL)打浆得到白色固体化合物9,即氘代化合物A氢溴酸盐化合物(85mg,收率73%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ9.44(bs,1H),8.88(bs,1H),8.19(s,1H),6.96(s,1H),5.55(bs,3H),4.63(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),4.33–4.24(m,2H),4.24–4.12(m,1H),3.94(dd,J=6.5,4.9Hz,1H),2.52(m,1H),1.13–0.88(m,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=363.2[M+H]+
实施例10 制备化合物A
将化合物5(150mg,0.317mmol)加入到乙醇(4mL)中,再加入磷酸(85%,11mg,0.095mmol),升温至回流反应,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加入甲基四氢呋喃(10mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠(5mL)搅拌,静置,弃去水层,然后依次用水(5mL),饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(5mL)洗涤有机层,浓缩有机相,然后加入正庚烷,有固体析出,冷却,过滤,干燥得化合物10,即化合物A(80mg,收率70%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(s,3H),6.91(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.31(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.69(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.34–4.13(m,3H),4.02(dq,J=54.1,5.5Hz,2H),2.54(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.05(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=362.2[M+H]+
实施例11 制备氘代化合物A
将化合物7(150mg,0.317mmol)加入到乙醇(4mL)中,再加入磷酸(85%,11mg,0.095mmol),升温至回流反应,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加入甲基四氢呋喃(10mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠(5mL)搅拌,静置,弃去水层,然后依次用水(5mL),饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(5mL)洗涤有机层,浓缩有机相,然后加入正庚烷,有固体析出,冷却,过滤,干燥得化合物11,即氘代化合物A(85mg,收率74.5%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(s,3H),6.9(s,1H),6.31(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.69(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.34–4.13(m,3H),4.02(dq,J=54.1,5.5Hz,2H),2.54(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.05(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=363.2[M+H]+
实施例12 制备化合物12
将化合物GS-441524(300mg,1.03mmol),苯硼酸(131.86mg,1.08mmol)加入吡啶中(5mL),氮气保护,升温至回流,反应6小时,减压浓缩。向浓缩后的残留物中加入1,4-二氧六环(5mL),搅拌溶解,缓慢滴加甲基叔丁基醚(25mL),10±5℃搅拌析晶18小时。过滤,甲基叔丁基醚(3mL)淋洗滤饼,滤饼真空干燥得到类白色固体化合12(381mg,收率98%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.00(d,J=21.5Hz,3H),7.78–7.71(m,2H),7.57–7.48(m,1H),7.46–7.42(m,2H),7.04(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.97(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),5.79(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.16–5.04(m,2H),4.30(q,J=4.7Hz,1H),3.67(t,J=5.3Hz,2H).
实施例13 制备化合物13
将化合物2(300mg,1.03mmol),苯硼酸(132.05mg,1.08mmol)加入吡啶中(5mL),氮气保护,升温至回流,反应6小时,减压浓缩。向浓缩后的残留物中加入1,4-二氧六环(5mL),搅拌溶解,缓慢滴加甲基叔丁基醚(25mL),10±5℃搅拌析晶18小时。过滤,甲基叔丁基醚(3mL)淋洗滤饼,滤饼真空干燥得到类白色固体化合13(392mg,收率99%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.02–7.91(m,3H),7.78–7.73(m,2H),7.53(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.04(s,1H),5.79(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.10(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),4.30(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),3.67(t,J=5.2Hz,2H).
实施例14 制备化合物A
将化合物12(100mg,0.27mmol),4-二甲氨基吡啶(2.6mg,0.02mmol)加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮中(3mL),氮气保护,冰盐浴冷却至0℃左右,缓慢滴加异丁酸酐(46.07mg,0.29mmol),保温反应2小时。反应液中加入15%氯化钠溶液洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥浓缩过柱(MeOH:DCM=1:10)得化合物A(58mg,收率62%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(s,3H),6.91(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.81(d, J=4.5Hz,1H),6.31(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.69(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.34–4.13(m,3H),4.02(dq,J=54.1,5.5Hz,2H),2.54(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.05(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=362.2[M+H]+
实施例15 制备氘代化合物A
化合物13(300mg,0.79mmol),4-二甲氨基吡啶(7.7mg,0.06mmol)加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮中(5mL),氮气保护,冰盐浴冷却至0℃左右,缓慢滴加异丁酸酐(137.87mg,0.87mmol),保温反应2小时。反应液中加入15%氯化钠溶液洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥浓缩过柱(MeOH:DCM=1:10)得氘代化合物A(186mg,收率65%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(s,3H),6.9(s,1H),6.31(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.69(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.34–4.13(m,3H),4.02(dq,J=54.1,5.5Hz,2H),2.54(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.05(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=363.2[M+H]+
实施例16 制备化合物16
把化合物12(100mg,0.27mmol)加入到二氯甲烷(2mL)中,再加入三乙胺(6.8mg,0.68mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.0036g,0.03mmol),降温至0℃,滴加异丁酰氯(72mg,0.68mmol),滴加完毕升温至25-35℃反应,反应结束后,将反应液倒入冰水(10mL)中,分层,然后依次用水(10mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20mL)洗涤分出的有机相,浓缩有机相,加入正庚烷,有固体析出,过滤,干燥得化合物16(102mg,收率90%)。
实施例17 制备化合物17
把化合物13(100mg,0.27mmol)加入到二氯甲烷(2mL)中,再加入三乙胺(6.8mg,0.68mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.0036g,0.03mmol),降温至0℃,滴加异丁酰氯(72mg,0.68mmol),滴加完毕升温至25-35℃反应,反应结束后,将反应液倒入冰水(10mL)中,分层,然后依次用水(10mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20mL)洗涤分出的有机相,浓缩有机相,加入正庚烷,有固体析出,过滤,干燥得化合物17(0.1g,收率89%)。
实施例18 制备化合物A
将化合物16(102mg,0.236mmol)加入乙醇(3mL)中搅拌溶解,加入磷酸(85%,10mg,0.095mmol),升温至回流反应,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加入甲基四氢呋喃(10mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠(5mL)搅拌,静置,弃去水层,然后依次用水(5mL),饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(5mL)洗涤有机层,浓缩有机相,然后加入正庚烷,有固体析出,冷却,过滤,干燥得化合物10,即化合物A(59.8mg,收率70%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(s,3H),6.91(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.31(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.69(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.34–4.13(m,3H),4.02(dq,J=54.1,5.5Hz,2H),2.54(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.05(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=362.2[M+H]+
实施例19 制备氘代化合物A
将化合物17(98mg,0.227mmol)加入乙醇(2.5mL)中搅拌溶解,加入磷酸(85%,11mg,0.095mmol),升温至回流反应,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加入甲基四氢呋喃(10mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠(5mL)搅拌,静置,弃去水层, 然后依次用水(5mL),饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(5mL)洗涤有机层,浓缩有机相,然后加入正庚烷,有固体析出,冷却,过滤,干燥得化合物10,即氘代化合物A(58mg,收率71%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(s,3H),6.9(s,1H),6.31(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.69(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.34–4.13(m,3H),4.02(dq,J=54.1,5.5Hz,2H),2.54(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.05(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=363.2[M+H]+
实施例20 制备化合物A
将化合物12(98mg,0.26mmol),4-二甲氨基吡啶(2.5mg,0.02mmol)加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮中(2.5mL),氮气保护,冰盐浴冷却至0℃左右,缓慢滴加异丁酸酐(45.18mg,0.29mmol),保温反应2小时。反应液中加入乙醇(4mL),磷酸(85%,11mg,0.095mmol)搅拌30分钟,加入15%氯化钠溶液洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥浓缩过柱(MeOH:DCM=1:10)得化合物A(55mg,收率59%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(s,3H),6.91(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.31(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.69(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.34–4.13(m,3H),4.02(dq,J=54.1,5.5Hz,2H),2.54(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.05(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=362.2[M+H]+
实施例21 制备氘代化合物A
化合物13(303mg,0.80mmol),4-二甲氨基吡啶(8.1mg,0.07mmol)加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮中(5mL),氮气保护,冰盐浴冷却至0℃左右,缓慢滴加异丁酸酐(138.56mg,0.88mmol),保温反应2小时。反应液中加入乙醇(8mL),磷酸(85%,22mg,0.19mmol)搅拌30分钟,加入15%氯化钠溶液洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥浓缩过柱(MeOH:DCM=1:10)得氘代化合物A(189mg,收率65%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(s,3H),6.9(s,1H),6.31(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.69(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.34–4.13(m,3H),4.02(dq,J=54.1,5.5Hz,2H),2.54(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.05(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:m/z=363.2[M+H]+
实施例22 制备化合物A
把化合物4(10g,24.8mmol)加入到乙醇(100mL)中,再加入甲酸(88%,1.56g,29.8mmol),升温至75-80℃反应,反应结束后,减压浓缩,向浓缩物 中加入水和碳酸氢钠(4.6g,54.6mmol)搅拌,过滤,干燥得化合物A(8.2g,收率91%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δppm8.00-7.80(m,3H),6.92(d,1H),6.82(d,1H),6.33(d,1H),5.39(d,1H),4.70(t,1H),4.32(dd,1H),4.27-4.21(m,1H),4.18(dd,1H),(m,1H),3.99-3.94(m,1H),2.57-2.52(m,1H),1.07(d,3H),1.06(d,3H),MS m/z=362.0[M+l]+
实施例23 制备化合物A
把化合物GS-441524(10g,34.4mmol)加入到乙腈中(100mL),然后加入苯硼酸(6.3g,51.6mmol)和无水硫酸钠(12.2g,86mmol),在75-80℃反应16小时,减压浓缩,向浓缩后的残留物中加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)和水(70mL),萃取分层,有机相再用碳酸氢钠水溶液洗两次,水洗两次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得到化合物12。
把上一步所得全部化合物12加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮(50mL)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(0.42g,3.44mmol)中,降温至0℃,滴加异丁酸酐(5.4g,34.4mmol),反应4小时后,将反应液倒入冰水(250mL)和甲基叔丁基醚(100mL)的混合溶液中,分层,然后依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤有机层,浓缩后得到化合物14。
把上一步所得全部化合物14加入乙醇(100mL)中,再加入磷酸(85%,6.7g,68.8mmol),升温至75-80℃反应,反应结束后,减压浓缩,向浓缩物中 加入甲基叔丁基醚,水和碳酸氢钠水溶液,搅拌分层,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,搅拌,过滤,减压浓缩,加入正庚烷,搅拌,过滤,干燥得化合物A(9.3g,收率75%)。
应当理解,以上实施例均为示例性的,不用于包含权利要求所包含的所有可能的实施方式。在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下,还可以在以上实施例的基础上做出各种变形和改变。同样的,也可以对以上实施例的各个技术特征进行任意组合,以形成可能没有被明确描述的本发明的另外的实施例。因此,上述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,不对本发明专利的保护范围进行限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
    步骤a:式(II)化合物发生缩合反应,得到式(III)化合物;
    步骤b:式(III)化合物发生酰化反应,得到式(IV)化合物;
    步骤c:式(IV)化合物脱保护基,得到式(I)单异丁酰基核苷类似物或其盐;
    其中,X选自H或D;
    R3选自H或异丁酰基;
    Y选自
    R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基或正丁基,
    R2选自H,C1-C10的烷基,芳基,
    Z选自氧或直接键,
    R4选自H,C1-C20的烷基,芳基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:
    式(II)化合物与原甲酸酯类试剂发生缩合反应,得到式(V)化合物,
    优选地,所述原甲酸酯类试剂选自原甲酸三甲酯、原甲酸三乙酯、原乙酸 三甲酯和原丁酸三甲酯中的一种;
    优选地,所述缩合反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自C4-C20原甲酸酯,C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,C1-C20醇类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述溶剂选自原甲酸三甲酯、原甲酸三乙酯、原乙酸三甲酯、原丁酸三甲酯、正己烷、正庚烷、甲苯、氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙二醇二甲醚、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜和乙腈中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述缩合反应在加入酸或不加酸条件下进行,所述酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
    更优选地,所述有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
    所述无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
    所述路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、三氯化硼、三氟化硼四氢呋喃溶液、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述式(II)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30);
    优选地,所述反应温度为-20~80℃;
    优选地,所述式(II)化合物与原甲酸酯类试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~100);
    优选地,所述式(II)化合物与酸的摩尔比为1:(0.01~3.0)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:
    式(II)化合物与硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂发生缩合反应,得到式(VI)化合 物,
    优选地,所述硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂选自丁基硼酸、苯基硼酸、硼酸三甲酯和硼酸三异丙酯中的一种;
    优选地,所述缩合反应在加入脱水剂或不加脱水剂条件下进行,所述脱水剂选自硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、硫酸钙、氯化钾、氯化镁和氯化钙中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述缩合反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,吡啶类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中的一种或多种;
    优选地,式(II)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30);
    优选地,反应温度为10~150℃;
    优选地,式(II)化合物与硼酸类或硼酸酯类试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~10.0);
    优选地,式(II)化合物与脱水剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~10.0)。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:
    式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂发生反应,得到式(VII)化合物,
    优选地,所述异丁酰化试剂选自异丁酰氯或异丁酸酐;
    优选地,所述酰化反应在碱的作用下进行,所述碱选自有机碱和/或无机碱;
    更优选地,所述有机碱选自吡啶,4-二甲基氨基吡啶,2,4,6-三甲基吡啶,2,6-三甲基吡啶,3-甲基吡啶,三乙胺,N-甲基咪唑,N,N-二异丙基乙胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述无机碱选自碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钾,碳酸钾,乙酸钠,乙酸钾,磷酸钠,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸钾和磷酸氢二钾中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述酰化反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中的一种或多种;
    优选地,式(V)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30);
    优选地,反应温度为-20~80℃;
    优选地,式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~5.0);
    优选地,式(V)化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:(0.01~5.0);
    优选地,式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂与碱的摩尔比为1:(1.0~2.5):(0.01~5.0)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:
    式(VI)化合物与异丁酰化试剂发生反应,得到式(VIII)化合物,
    优选地,所述异丁酰化试剂选自异丁酰氯或异丁酸酐;
    优选地,所述酰化反应在碱的作用下进行,所述碱选自有机碱和/或无机碱;
    更优选地,所述有机碱选自吡啶,4-二甲基氨基吡啶,2,4,6-三甲基吡啶,2,6-三甲基吡啶,3-甲基吡啶,三乙胺,N-甲基咪唑,N,N-二异丙基乙胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述无机碱选自碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钾,碳酸钾,乙酸钠,乙酸钾,磷酸钠,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸钾和磷酸氢二钾中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述酰化反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂和乙腈中一种或多种;
    优选地,式(V)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(1~30);
    优选地,反应温度为-20~80℃;
    优选地,式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.0~5.0);
    优选地,式(V)化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:(0.01~5.0);
    优选地,式(V)化合物与异丁酰化试剂与碱的摩尔比为1:(1.0~2.5):(0.01~5.0)。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:
    式(VII)化合物在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合物或其盐,
    其中,式(I)化合物的盐型选自盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,半硫酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,三氟甲磺酸盐,磷酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,酒石酸盐,草酸盐,丙二酸盐或柠檬酸盐;
    优选地,所述酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
    更优选地,所述有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
    所述无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
    所述路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述脱保护基反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C1-C20醇类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂,乙腈和水中的一种或多种;
    优选地,式(VII)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(2~30);
    优选地,反应温度为30~100℃,优选为40~80℃,更优选为50~70℃;
    优选地,式(VII)化合物与酸的摩尔比为1:(0.05~5.0)。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:
    式(VIII)化合物在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合物或其盐,
    其中,式(I)化合物的盐型选自盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,半硫酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,三氟甲磺酸盐,磷酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,酒石酸盐,草酸盐,丙二酸盐或柠檬酸盐;
    优选地,所述酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
    更优选地,所述有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
    所述无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
    所述路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯化锌中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述脱保护基反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂选自C5-C20烃类,C6-C20芳烃类,C1-C20卤代烃,C2-C20酯类,C1-C20醇类,C2-C20醚类,极性非质子溶剂,乙腈和水中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述式(VII)化合物重量与反应溶剂体积的比为1:(2~30);
    优选地,反应温度为30~100℃,优选为40~80℃,更优选为50~70℃;
    优选地,所述式(VII)化合物与酸的摩尔比为1:(0.05~5.0)。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:
    当R3选自H时,式(VIII)化合物在水存在下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合 物或其盐,
    当R3选自异丁酰基时,式(VIII)化合物在水存在下脱保护基,得到式(Ⅸ)化合物,式(Ⅸ)化合物进一步在酸性条件下脱保护基,得到式(I)化合物或其盐,
    其中,式(I)化合物的盐型选自盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,半硫酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,三氟甲磺酸盐,磷酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,酒石酸盐,草酸盐,丙二酸盐或柠檬酸盐;
    优选地,所述水为纯水或含有溶质的水溶液;
    优选地,所述酸选自有机酸、无机酸和路易斯酸中的一种或多种;
    更优选地,所述有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、异丁酸、特戊酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸中的一种或多种;
    所述无机酸选自硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和高氯酸中的一种或多种;
    所述路易斯酸选自三氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、四氯化锡、四氯化钛和氯 化锌中的一种或多种。
  9. 根据权利要求1、2、4或6中任一项所述的单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基或正丁基,所述R2选自H,甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
  10. 根据权利要求1、3、5、7或8中任一项所述的单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述Z选自直接键;
    优选地,所述R4选自苯基。
PCT/CN2023/085156 2022-03-31 2023-03-30 一种单异丁酰基核苷类似物的制备方法 WO2023186026A1 (zh)

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