WO2023185040A1 - 一种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法 - Google Patents

一种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法 Download PDF

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WO2023185040A1
WO2023185040A1 PCT/CN2022/135080 CN2022135080W WO2023185040A1 WO 2023185040 A1 WO2023185040 A1 WO 2023185040A1 CN 2022135080 W CN2022135080 W CN 2022135080W WO 2023185040 A1 WO2023185040 A1 WO 2023185040A1
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Prior art keywords
wall
workpiece
barrel section
brazing
cover plate
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PCT/CN2022/135080
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王英杰
李双吉
张勤练
朱笑睿
王未有
宋硕
Original Assignee
西安航天发动机有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202210331193.3A external-priority patent/CN114734106B/zh
Application filed by 西安航天发动机有限公司 filed Critical 西安航天发动机有限公司
Priority to JP2022581680A priority Critical patent/JP2024516470A/ja
Publication of WO2023185040A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185040A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of brazing copper-steel brazing parts, and in particular relates to a brazing method of copper-steel brazing parts with small holes in the inner wall and a throat.
  • the inner wall of the workpiece is made of copper alloy and has small holes, the inner cavity cannot be sealed directly by welding.
  • the inner cavity of the product needs to be evacuated, so how to achieve sealing after the inner and outer walls of the workpiece are pressed together is the key.
  • copper-steel brazing parts of this type of structure were generally brazed in two ways. One is to let the design change the structural method so that the structure itself has no openings such as small holes. This method greatly changes the product structure. And affect the design performance; the other is to adopt a brazing method without vacuuming the inner cavity.
  • the disadvantage of this brazing method is that the strength of the brazing seam is low, it cannot withstand the pressure during product use, and the product quality and reliability cannot be met.
  • the traditional wrapping method is as follows: processing the wrappings on both sides of the throat, and fitting the wrappings on both sides of the throat to the inner surface of the workpiece respectively. This requires At the throat position, manual argon arc welding is used to weld the sleeves on both sides of the throat.
  • the argon arc welding gun cannot reach the part to be welded, resulting in the inability to seal the weld. , it can be seen that the traditional sheathing method cannot be applied to small-diameter copper-steel brazing parts with throats.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, provide a brazing method of copper-steel brazing parts with small holes in the inner wall and a throat, and overcome the inability of traditional sheaths to seal due to the small diameter of the throat of the workpiece.
  • a brazing method for copper-steel brazing parts with small holes and throats on the inner wall including: processing a cladding; wherein the cladding includes a first cylinder section, a second cylinder section, the third barrel section, the fourth barrel section, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, the first outer ring and the second outer ring; weld the small end of the inner wall of the workpiece and the small end of the outer wall, and weld the inner wall of the workpiece Weld the big end and the big end of the outer wall, assemble the first outer ring to the outer surface of the outer wall of the big end of the workpiece, assemble the second outer ring to the outer surface of the outer wall of the small end of the workpiece, and assemble the first cylinder section and the second cylinder section Assemble the third cylinder section to the inner surface of the inner wall of the workpiece, assemble the first cover plate on the first cylinder section, and position the inner end of the first
  • the first cylinder section, the second cylinder section and the third cylinder section are welded together in sequence, and the welded parts are welded together.
  • the outer surfaces of the first, second and third barrel sections are electroplated with chromium
  • the outer surface of the fourth barrel section is electroplated with chromium
  • the outer surface of the inner wall of the workpiece is electroplated with silver
  • the inner surface of the outer wall of the workpiece is electroplated with copper.
  • the inner wall and outer wall of the workpiece are assembled together, the small end of the inner wall of the workpiece is bulged, and the large end of the inner wall of the workpiece is flanged.
  • the small end of the inner wall of the workpiece and the small end of the outer wall are sealed by manual argon arc welding, and the large end of the inner wall and the large end of the outer wall of the workpiece are sealed by manual argon arc welding.
  • the thickness of the first barrel section, the thickness of the second barrel section and the thickness of the third barrel section are all 1 mm to 1.5 mm, the material of the first barrel section, the material of the second barrel section and the material of the third barrel section are all 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel;
  • the outer surface of the first barrel section corresponds to the assembly position of the inner wall of the workpiece
  • the inner surface profile matches, the outer surface of the second barrel segment matches the inner surface profile corresponding to the assembly position of the inner wall of the workpiece;
  • the third barrel segment is a cylinder whose outer surface diameter matches the throat diameter of the workpiece shape structure;
  • the material of the fourth barrel section is 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel, the inner surface of the fourth barrel section is consistent with the profile of the outer surface of the third barrel section, and the outer surface of the fourth barrel section is consistent with the workpiece
  • the inner surface profile of the inner wall is consistent, and the fourth cylinder section is cut into
  • the thickness of the first cover plate, the thickness of the second cover plate, the thickness of the first outer ring and the thickness of the second outer ring are all 2mm ⁇ 3mm.
  • the inner wall of the workpiece is an annular structure, the material of the workpiece is chromium bronze, the workpiece includes a small hole and a throat, the diameter of the small hole is 0.5mm ⁇ 0.8mm, and the diameter of the throat is 30mm ⁇ 50mm;
  • the workpiece The diameter of the large end of the workpiece is 90mm ⁇ 110mm, the diameter of the small end of the workpiece is 40mm ⁇ 50mm, and the length of the workpiece is 200mm ⁇ 240mm;
  • the outer wall of the workpiece is an annular structure, and the material of the outer wall of the workpiece is high-strength stainless steel , the inner surface of the outer wall is consistent with the outer surface of the inner wall.
  • the thickness of chromium electroplating on the outer surfaces of the first, second and third cylinder sections welded together is 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. .
  • the gap between the outer surface of the first barrel section, the second barrel section and the third barrel section as a whole and the inner surface of the inner wall of the workpiece is not greater than 0.2 mm; the gap between the fourth barrel section and the inner surface of the small end of the workpiece is not greater than 0.2mm, and the gap between the fourth barrel section and the third barrel section is not greater than 0.2mm.
  • the specific steps of brazing the sheathed workpiece include: the space between the outer wall of the workpiece and the inner wall of the workpiece forms an inner cavity.
  • the workpiece and the axis of the brazing furnace are connected together by argon arc welding, and the first vacuum tube and the second vacuum tube are both welded to the vacuum tube on the brazing furnace; between the outer wall and the inner wall of the sheathed workpiece
  • the inner cavity of the room is evacuated, and the furnace of the brazing furnace is filled with argon; the sheathed workpiece is heated and kept at the brazing temperature for a preset time; after the heat preservation is completed, turn off the power of the brazing furnace and allow the sheathed workpiece to be
  • the sheathed workpiece is cooled to room temperature together with the brazing furnace, the inner surface of the outer wall of the sheathed workpiece and the outer surface of the inner wall are welded together.
  • the brazing temperature is 950°C-980°C.
  • the preset time is 20-30 minutes.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention solves the problem that the copper-steel brazing parts with small holes in the inner wall and the throat cannot be sealed by brazing.
  • the smooth assembly and sealing welding of this copper-steel brazing part cladding is achieved;
  • the present invention adopts a special structure of the envelope and uses manual argon arc welding for sealing, so that the inner cavity of the product can be evacuated, which improves the The strength of copper-steel brazing seams ensures product quality.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a copper-steel brazing part with a small hole and a throat on the inner wall and a sheath provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the fourth barrel section provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a copper-steel brazing part with a small hole and a throat on the inner wall and a sheath provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a brazing method for copper-steel brazing parts with small holes and throats on the inner wall. The method includes the following steps:
  • first barrel section 3, the second barrel section 4, the third barrel section 5, the fourth barrel section 6, the first cover plate 7, the second cover plate 8, the third An outer ring 9 and a second outer ring 10 Weld the first cylinder section 3, the second cylinder section 4, and the third cylinder section 5 together, grind the outer surface, and perform X-ray inspection on the welds.
  • the outer surfaces of the first cylinder section 3, the second cylinder section 4, and the third cylinder section 5 that are welded together are electroplated with chromium, and the outer surface of the fourth cylinder section 6 is electroplated with chromium.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the workpiece are electroplated with silver, and the inner surface of the outer wall of the workpiece is electroplated with copper.
  • the workpiece and the cladding are When the cavity is evacuated, during the process of the furnace pressure pressurizing the third barrel section, the third barrel section pressurizes the split fourth barrel section, and the split fourth barrel section can pressurize the inner surface of the workpiece more evenly. , ultimately ensuring good fit between the inner and outer walls of the workpiece.
  • the fourth barrel section of a split structure for this kind of copper-steel brazing parts with a throat structure and a relatively small diameter, it can solve the problem that the single-layer overall package cannot be clamped and the space at the throat is small and difficult. Welding problem.
  • brazing jacketed workpieces Specific steps for brazing jacketed workpieces include:
  • a first vacuum tube 11 is welded to a nozzle on the outer wall 1 of the workpiece that communicates with the inner cavity.
  • the first outer ring 9 or the second outer ring 10 is Drill a through hole at any position on the through hole, and weld the second vacuum tube 12 at the through hole position; wherein, the space between the outer wall of the workpiece and the inner wall of the workpiece forms an inner cavity; it should be understood that there are multiple holes on the outer wall 1 of the workpiece. Nozzle, you can select any nozzle to weld the first vacuum pipe 11.
  • the inner cavity between the outer wall and the inner wall of the sheathed workpiece is evacuated, and the furnace of the brazing furnace is filled with argon; the sheathed workpiece is heated and kept at the brazing temperature for a preset time; after the heat preservation is completed , turn off the power of the brazing furnace, let the sheathed workpiece cool to room temperature along with the brazing furnace, then the inner surface of the outer wall of the sheathed workpiece and the outer surface of the inner wall will be welded together. After the heat preservation is completed, turn off the power of the brazing furnace and let the product cool to room temperature along with the furnace. After the heat preservation is completed, open the brazing furnace and take out the sheathed workpiece.
  • the copper-steel brazing part with a small hole and a throat on the inner wall targeted by this embodiment is composed of an outer wall 1 and an inner wall 2;
  • the envelope used in this embodiment is composed of a first cylinder section 3, a second It is composed of a cylinder section 4, a third cylinder section 5, a fourth cylinder section 6, a first cover plate 7, a second cover plate 8, a first outer ring 9 and a second outer ring 10.
  • the first barrel section, the second barrel section, the third barrel section, the fourth barrel section, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, the first outer ring and the second outer ring are 1mm.
  • the materials of the first cylinder section, the second cylinder section, and the third cylinder section are 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel.
  • the first cylinder The outer surface of the first section and the outer surface of the second barrel section are consistent with the inner surface profile of the inner wall of the workpiece.
  • the third barrel section is a cylindrical structure with an outer surface diameter that matches the diameter of the throat of the workpiece.
  • the material of the fourth barrel section is 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel.
  • the inner surface of the fourth barrel section is consistent with the outer surface of the third barrel section, the outer surface of the fourth barrel section is consistent with the inner surface of the inner wall of the workpiece, and the fourth barrel section is cut into four equal parts;
  • the first cover plate The material, the material of the second cover plate, the material of the first outer ring and the material of the second outer ring are 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel, the thickness of the first cover plate, the thickness of the second cover plate, the thickness of the first outer ring and the thickness of the second outer ring
  • the thickness of the ring is 2mm;
  • the inner wall of the workpiece is annular structure, made of chromium bronze, with a small hole and a throat on the inner wall.
  • the diameter of the small hole is 0.5mm, and the diameter of the throat is 30mm; the diameter of the big end is 90mm, and the diameter of the small end is 40mm, length 200mm, the outer wall of the workpiece is an annular structure, the material is high-strength stainless steel, the inner surface of the outer wall is consistent with the outer surface of the inner wall. Weld the first barrel section, the second barrel section, and the third barrel section together, grind the outer surface to ensure that the surface is continuous and free of bulges, and conduct X-ray inspection of the welds.
  • the outer surfaces of the first, second and third cylinder sections welded together are electroplated with chromium, and the outer surface of the fourth cylinder section is electroplated with chromium, with a coating thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
  • the inner wall of the workpiece is electroplated with silver, and the outer wall of the workpiece is electroplated with copper.
  • the first outer ring and the second outer ring are annular structures with openings.
  • the first outer ring and the second outer ring are separated and assembled to the outer surface of the outer wall of the large end and the outer surface of the small end of the workpiece respectively.
  • the closing gap is 0.1mm. Assemble the first cover plate on the first barrel section, and position-weld the first cover plate and the first barrel section. Assemble the fourth barrel section between the inner surface of the small end of the workpiece and the third barrel section, and assemble it to the bottom. The fitting gap between the fourth barrel section and the inner surface of the small end of the workpiece is 0.1mm. The fitting gap between the fourth barrel section and the third barrel section is 0.1mm. Assemble the second cover plate on the third barrel section, and confirm that the second cover plate and the fourth barrel section fit tightly. And position weld the second cover plate and the third barrel section. Position weld the first outer ring and the first cover plate, and the second outer ring and the second cover plate.
  • the required hydraulic pressure is 3MPa; punch a hole in the bulging part of the bag and weld the pressure nozzle, and again use water and pressure to separate the bag and product; after removing the bag under pressure, remove the first outer ring and the second outer ring by grinding ring; remove the first cover plate and the second cover plate by turning; use arc cutting to cut and decompose the cover to release its stress; finally remove the cover by knocking and pulling.
  • Various parts required for processing the sleeve including the first barrel section, the second barrel section, the third barrel section, the fourth barrel section, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, the first outer ring and the second outer ring.
  • the thickness of the first cylinder section, the thickness of the second cylinder section, and the thickness of the third cylinder section are 1.5mm.
  • the material of the first cylinder section, the material of the second cylinder section, and the material of the third cylinder section are 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel.
  • the first The outer surface of the barrel section and the outer surface of the second barrel section are consistent with the inner surface profile of the inner wall of the workpiece.
  • the third barrel section is a cylindrical structure with an outer surface diameter matching the diameter of the throat; the material of the fourth barrel section is 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel, and the third barrel section is made of 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel.
  • the inner surface of the fourth cylinder section has the same profile as the outer surface of the third cylinder section, the outer surface of the fourth cylinder section has the same profile as the inner surface of the inner wall of the workpiece, and the fourth cylinder section is cut into four equal parts; the material of the first cover plate, The material of the second cover plate, the material of the first outer ring and the material of the second outer ring are all 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel.
  • the thickness of the first cover plate, the thickness of the second cover plate, the thickness of the first outer ring and the second outer ring The thickness of the workpiece is 3mm; the inner wall of the workpiece is annular structure, made of chromium bronze, with a small hole and a throat, the small hole diameter is 0.8mm, the throat diameter is 50mm; the big end diameter is 110mm, the small end diameter is 50mm , the length is 240mm, the outer wall of the workpiece is an annular structure, the material is high-strength stainless steel, the inner surface of the outer wall is consistent with the outer surface of the inner wall.
  • first barrel section, the second barrel section, and the third barrel section together, grind the outer surface to ensure that the surface is continuous and free of bulges, and conduct X-ray inspection of the welds.
  • the outer surfaces of the first, second and third cylinder sections welded together are electroplated with chromium, and the outer surface of the fourth cylinder section is electroplated with chromium, with a coating thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
  • the inner wall of the workpiece is electroplated with silver, and the outer wall of the workpiece is electroplated with copper.
  • the first outer ring and the second outer ring are annular structures with openings.
  • the first outer ring and the second outer ring are separated and assembled to the outer surface of the outer wall of the large end and the outer surface of the small end of the workpiece respectively.
  • the closing gap is 0.2mm.
  • the fitting gap between the fourth barrel section and the inner surface of the small end of the workpiece is 0.2mm.
  • the fitting gap between the fourth barrel section and the third barrel section is 0.2mm.
  • Assemble the second cover plate on the third barrel section and confirm that the second cover plate and the fourth barrel section fit tightly. And position weld the second cover plate and the third barrel section. Position weld the first outer ring and the first cover plate, and the second outer ring and the second cover plate.
  • Various parts required for processing the sleeve including the first barrel section, the second barrel section, the third barrel section, the fourth barrel section, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, the first outer ring and the second outer ring.
  • the thickness of the first cylinder section, the thickness of the second cylinder section, and the thickness of the third cylinder section are 1.3mm.
  • the material of the first cylinder section, the material of the second cylinder section, and the material of the third cylinder section are 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel.
  • the first The outer surface of the barrel section and the outer surface of the second barrel section are consistent with the inner surface profile of the inner wall of the workpiece.
  • the third barrel section is a cylindrical structure with an outer surface diameter matching the diameter of the throat;
  • the material of the fourth barrel section is 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel, and the third barrel section is made of 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel.
  • the inner surface of the fourth cylinder section has the same profile as the outer surface of the third cylinder section, the outer surface of the fourth cylinder section has the same profile as the inner surface of the inner wall of the workpiece, and the fourth cylinder section is cut into four equal parts;
  • the material of the second cover plate, the material of the first outer ring and the second outer ring are 1Cr21Ni5Ti stainless steel, the thickness of the first cover plate, the thickness of the second cover plate, the thickness of the first outer ring and the thickness of the second outer ring Both are 2.5mm;
  • the inner wall of the workpiece is an annular structure and the material is chrome bronze.
  • the inner wall of the workpiece has a small hole and a throat.
  • the diameter of the small hole is 0.7mm and the diameter of the throat is 40mm.
  • the diameter of the big end is 100mm and the diameter of the small end is 45mm.
  • the length is 220mm.
  • the outer wall of the workpiece is an annular structure.
  • the material is high-strength stainless steel.
  • the inner surface of the outer wall is consistent with the outer surface of the inner wall. Weld the first barrel section, the second barrel section, and the third barrel section together, grind the outer surface to ensure that the surface is continuous and free of bulges, and conduct X-ray inspection of the welds.
  • the outer surfaces of the first, second and third cylinder sections welded together are electroplated with chromium, and the outer surface of the fourth cylinder section is electroplated with chromium, with a coating thickness of 15 ⁇ m.
  • the inner wall of the workpiece is electroplated with silver, and the outer wall of the workpiece is electroplated with copper.
  • the first outer ring and the second outer ring are annular structures with openings. Break apart the first outer ring and the second outer ring and assemble them to the outer surface of the outer wall of the large end and the outer wall of the small end of the workpiece respectively. Assemble the welded and chromium-plated first cylinder section, the second cylinder section, and the third cylinder section to the inner surface of the workpiece, and assemble them to the bottom, and the fitting gap between the two is 0.15mm.
  • the fitting gap between the fourth barrel section and the inner surface of the small end of the workpiece is 0.15mm.
  • the fitting gap between the fourth barrel section and the third barrel section is 0.15mm.
  • Assemble the second cover plate on the third barrel section and confirm that the second cover plate and the fourth barrel section fit tightly. And position weld the second cover plate and the third barrel section. Position weld the first outer ring and the first cover plate, and the second outer ring and the second cover plate.
  • the required hydraulic pressure is 5MPa; punch a hole in the bulging part of the bag and weld the pressure nozzle, and again use water and pressure to separate the bag and product; after removing the bag under pressure, remove the first outer ring and the second outer ring by grinding ring; remove the first cover plate and the second cover plate by turning; use arc cutting to cut and decompose the cover to release its stress; finally remove the cover by knocking and pulling.
  • the invention solves the problem that the copper-steel brazing parts with small holes in the inner wall and the throat cannot be sealed by brazing.
  • the smooth assembly and sealing of this copper-steel brazed part cladding is achieved; for this kind of copper-steel brazed part with a small hole in the inner wall and a throat,
  • the invention enables the inner cavity of the product to be evacuated, improves the strength of the copper-steel brazing seam, and ensures product quality.

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Abstract

一种内壁（2）带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，包括：加工包套；将工件的内壁（2）的小端和外壁（1）的小端焊接，将工件的内壁（2）的大端和外壁（1）的大端焊接，将第一外环（9）装配至工件大端的外壁（1）的外表面，将第二外环（10）装配至工件小端的外壁（1）的外表面，将第一筒段（3）、第二筒段（4）和第三筒段（5）装配至工件的内壁（2）的内表面，将第一盖板（7）装配在第一筒段（3）上，并定位焊第一盖板（7）的内端和第一筒段（3）；将第四筒段（6）装配至工件小端内表面和第三筒段（5）之间，将第二盖板（8）装配在第三筒段（5）上，并定位焊第二盖板（8）的内端和第三筒段（5）；定位焊第一外环（9）和第一盖板（7），定位焊第二外环（10）和第二盖板（8）；焊接；对带包套的工件进行钎焊；钎焊完成后，卸除包套。

Description

一种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法 技术领域
本发明属于铜-钢钎焊件的钎焊技术领域，尤其涉及一种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法。
背景技术
工件内壁由于是铜合金制成，且带小孔，无法直接通过焊接的方式密封内腔。而钎焊过程中需对产品内腔抽真空，因此如何实现工件内壁和外壁压合后的密封是关键。以往针对此类结构的铜-钢钎焊件，一般采取两种方式钎焊，一种是让设计更改结构方式，使得结构本身无小孔等开口部位，此种方式对产品结构更改较大，且影响设计性能；另一种是采取内腔不抽真空的钎焊方式，此种钎焊方式的缺点是钎焊缝强度较低，无法承受产品使用过程中的压力，产品质量可靠性无法满足要求。对于此种内壁带小直径喉部的铜钢钎焊件，传统的包套采用如下方式：针对喉部两侧分别加工包套，并分别将喉部两侧包套装配至工件内表面，需要在喉部位置采用手工氩弧焊的方式焊接喉部两侧的包套，而对于小直径带喉部的铜钢钎焊件，由于结构限制氩弧焊枪无法到达待焊接部位，导致无法封焊，可知传统包套方式无法适用于小直径带喉部的铜钢钎焊件。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，克服了传统包套由于工件喉部直径小，无法封焊包套、无法实现钎焊前密封的缺点。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：一种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，包括：加工包套；其中，所述包套包括第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段、第四筒段、第一盖板、第二盖板、第一外环和第二外环；将工件的内壁的小端和外壁的小端焊接，将工件的内壁的大端和外壁的大端焊接，将第一外环装配至工件大端外壁的外表面，将第二外环装配至工件小端外壁的外表面，将第一筒段、第二筒段和第三筒段装配至工件内壁的内表面，将第一盖板装配在第一筒段上，定位焊第一盖板的内端和第一筒段；将第四筒段装配至工件小端内表面和第三筒段之间，将第二盖板装配在第三筒段上，并定位焊第二盖板的内端和第三筒段；定位焊第一外环的大端和第一盖板，定位焊第二外环的大端和第二盖板；焊接第一筒段和第一盖板的内端、第一盖板和第一外环的大端，第一外环的小端和工件的外壁大端、第三筒段和第二盖板的内端、第二盖板和第二外环的大端、第二外环的小端和工件的外壁小端；对带包套的工件进行钎焊；钎焊完成后，卸除包套。
上述内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法中，将所述第一筒段、所述第二筒段和所述第三筒段依次焊接在一起，对焊接在一起的第一筒段、第二筒段和第三筒段的外表面电镀铬，对第四筒段的外表面电镀铬，对工件的内壁的外表面电镀银，对工件的外壁内表面电镀铜。
上述内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法中，将所述工件的内壁和外壁装配在一起，并对工件内壁小端进行胀形，对工件内壁的大端进行翻边，将工件的内壁的小端和外壁的小端采用手工氩弧焊封焊，将工件的内壁的大端和外壁的大端采用手工氩弧焊封焊。
上述内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法中，所述第一筒段的厚度、 所述第二筒段的厚度和所述第三筒段的厚度均为1mm～1.5mm，所述第一筒段的材料、所述第二筒段的材料和所述第三筒段的材料均为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢；所述第一筒段的外表面与工件内壁装配位置相对应的内表面型面相匹配，所述第二筒段的外表面与工件内壁装配位置相对应的内表面型面相匹配；所述第三筒段为外表面直径与工件的喉部直径相匹配的圆筒形结构；所述第四筒段的材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，所述第四筒段的内表面与所述第三筒段的外表面的型面一致，所述第四筒段的外表面与工件的内壁的内表面型面一致，第四筒段被切割为四等份；所述第一盖板的材料、所述第二盖板的材料、所述第一外环的材料和所述第二外环的材料均为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，所述第一盖板的厚度、所述第二盖板的厚度、所述第一外环的厚度和所述第二外环的厚度均为2mm～3mm；所述工件的内壁为环形结构，所述工件的材料为铬青铜,所述工件包括小孔和喉部，小孔直径为0.5mm～0.8mm，喉部直径为30mm～50mm；所述工件的大端直径为90mm～110mm，所述工件的小端直径为40mm～50mm，所述工件的长度为200mm～240mm；所述工件的外壁为环形结构，所述工件的外壁的材料为高强不锈钢，外壁内表面与内壁外表面型面一致。
上述内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法中，对焊接在一起的第一筒段、第二筒段和第三筒段的外表面电镀的铬的厚度为10μm～20μm。
上述内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法中，第一筒段、第二筒段和第三筒段作为整体的外表面与工件的内壁的内表面的间隙不大于0.2mm；所述第四筒段与所述工件的小端内表面的间隙不大于0.2mm，第四筒段与第三筒段之间的间隙不大于0.2mm。
上述内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法中，对带包套的工件进行钎焊的具体步骤包括：工件的外壁和工件的内壁之间的空间形成内腔，在工件的外壁上与内腔相通的管嘴上焊接第一抽真空管，在第一外环或第二外环上任选一个位置钻通孔，在通孔部位焊接第二抽真空管；将带包套的工件与钎焊炉的轴通过氩弧焊的方式连接在一起，将第一抽真空管、第二抽真空管均与钎焊炉上的抽真空焊接；对带包套的工件的外壁和内壁之间的内腔抽真空，钎焊炉的炉膛充氩气；对带包套的工件进行加热，并在钎焊温度下保温预设时间；保温结束后，关闭钎焊炉的电源，让带包套的工件随钎焊炉一起冷却至室温，则带包套的工件的外壁的内表面和内壁的外表面焊接在一起。
上述内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法中，卸除包套时，在第一盖板上钻孔，在钻孔部位焊接打压接管嘴，对包套和工件内表面之间的间隙充水加压，使得包套鼓起变形，要求液压压力为3MPa～6MPa；在包套鼓起部位打孔并焊接打压接管嘴，再次采用充水加压的方式分离包套和工件。
上述内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法中，所述钎焊温度为950℃-980℃。
上述内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法中，预设时间为20-30min。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明解决了内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件钎焊无法密封的问题。通过优化包套结构，采用分体双层包套的方式，实现了此种铜钢钎焊件包套的顺利装配及封焊；
(2)对于此种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件，本发明通过采用特殊结构的包套，并采用手工氩弧焊封焊进行密封，使得产品内腔可以抽真空，提高了 铜钢钎焊缝强度，保证了产品质量。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1是本发明实施例提供的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件和包套结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的第四筒段的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
图1是本发明实施例提供的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件和包套结构示意图。结合图1，本发明提供了一种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
(1)加工包套所需的各零件，包括第一筒段3、第二筒段4、第三筒段5、第四筒段6、第一盖板7、第二盖板8、第一外环9和第二外环10。将第一筒段3、第二筒段4、第三筒段5焊接在一起，修磨外表面，并对其焊缝进行X光检查。对焊接在一起的第一筒段3、第二筒段4、第三筒段5的外表面电镀铬，对第四筒段6的外表面电镀铬。对工件内壁外表面电镀银，对工件外壁内表面电镀铜。
(2)将工件内壁和外壁装配在一起，并对工件内壁小端进行胀形，对工件大端进行翻边，对工件内壁和外壁大小端采用手工氩弧焊封焊。将第一外环9和第二外环10分别装配至工件大端外壁的外表面和小端外壁的外表面。将电镀完成的第一筒段3、第二筒段4、第三筒段5组合体与工件套合在一起，将第一盖板7装配在第一筒段3上，并采用手工氩弧焊分段定位焊第一盖板7和第一筒段3。将第四筒段6装配至工件小端内表面和第三筒段5之间，将第二盖板8装配在第三筒段5上，并采用手工氩弧焊分段定位焊第二盖板8和第三筒段5。采用手工氩弧焊分段定位焊第一外环9和第一盖板7、第二外环10和第二盖板8。第四筒段6的结构示意图如图2所示。分体结构的第四筒段装配在工件内壁内表面和第三筒段之间，此区域包套为双层分体结构，其优点包括：1)在钎焊过程中，工件和包套内腔抽真空时，在炉膛压力对第三筒段加压过程中，第三筒段对分体的第四筒段加压，分体的第四筒段可以更均匀地对工件内表面加压，最终保证工件内外壁贴合良好。2)采用分体结构 的第四筒段，对于此类带喉部结构且直径相对较小的铜钢钎焊件，可以解决单层整体包套无法装夹及在喉部位置空间较小不易焊接的问题。
(3)焊接第一盖板7、第一筒段3、第一外环9、第二盖板8、第三筒段5、第二外环10及工件外壁。
(4)对封焊完成的带包套的工件进行钎焊。钎焊完成后，卸除包套。
对带包套的工件进行钎焊的具体步骤包括：
工件的外壁1和工件的内壁2之间的空间形成内腔，在工件的外壁1上与内腔相通的管嘴上焊接第一抽真空管11，在第一外环9或第二外环10上任选一个位置钻通孔，在通孔部位焊接第二抽真空管12；其中，工件的外壁和工件的内壁之间的空间形成内腔；需要理解的是，工件的外壁1上有多个管嘴，任意选一个管嘴焊接第一抽真空管11即可。
将带包套的工件与钎焊炉的轴通过氩弧焊的方式连接在一起，确认其可以转动平稳，将第一抽真空管11、第二抽真空管12均与钎焊炉上的抽真空焊接。
对带包套的工件的外壁和内壁之间的内腔抽真空，钎焊炉的炉膛充氩气；对带包套的工件进行加热，并在钎焊温度下保温预设时间；保温结束后，关闭钎焊炉的电源，让带包套的工件随钎焊炉一起冷却至室温，则带包套的工件的外壁的内表面和内壁的外表面焊接在一起。保温结束后，关闭钎焊炉的电源，让产品随炉一起冷却至室温即可。保温结束后，打开钎焊炉，取出带包套的工件。
如图1所示，本实施例所针对的内壁带小孔和喉部的铜钢钎焊件由外壁1、内壁2组成；本实施例所采用的包套由第一筒段3、第二筒段4、第三筒段5、第四筒段6、第一盖板7、第二盖板8、第一外环9、第二外环10组成。
实施例1：
(1)加工包套所需的各零件，包括第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段、第四筒段、第一盖板、第二盖板、第一外环和第二外环。第一筒段的厚度、第二筒段的厚度、第三筒段的厚度为1mm，第一筒段的材料、第二筒段的材料、第三筒段的材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，第一筒段的外表面和第二筒段外表面与工件内壁内表面型面一致，第三筒段为外表面直径与工件的喉部直径相匹配的圆筒形结构；第四筒段材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，第四筒段内表面与第三筒段外表面的型面一致，第四筒段外表面与工件内壁内表面型面一致，第四筒段被切割为四等份；第一盖板的材料、第二盖板的材料、第一外环的材料和第二外环的材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，第一盖板的厚度、第二盖板的厚度、第一外环的厚度和第二外环的厚度均为2mm；工件内壁为环形结构，材料为铬青铜,工件内壁带小孔和喉部，小孔直径为0.5mm，喉部直径为30mm；大端直径为90mm，小端直径为40mm，长度为200mm，工件外壁为环形结构，材料为高强不锈钢，外壁内表面与内壁外表面型面一致。将第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段焊接在一起，修磨外表面，保证表面连续无凸起，并对其焊缝进行X光检查。对焊接在一起的第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段的外表面电镀铬，对第四筒段的外表面电镀铬，镀层厚度为10μm。对工件内壁电镀银，对工件外壁电镀铜。
(2)将工件内、外壁装配在一起，并对工件内壁小端进行胀形，对工件大端进行翻边，对工件内壁和外壁大小端采用手工氩弧焊封焊。第一外环和第二外环为带开口的环形结构。将第一外环、第二外环掰开分别装配至工件大端外壁的外表面和小端外壁的外表面。将焊接完成并电镀铬的第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段装配至工件内表面，装配到底，且第一筒段、第二筒段和第三筒段与工件内表面贴合间隙为0.1mm。将第一盖板装配在第一筒段上，并定位焊第一盖板和第一筒段。将第四筒段装配至工件小端内表面和第三筒段之间，装配到底，第四筒段与工件小端内表面的贴合间隙为0.1mm。第四筒段与第三筒段之间的贴合间隙为0.1mm。将第二盖板装配在第三筒段上，并确认第二盖板与第四筒段贴合紧密。并定位焊第二盖板和第三筒段。定位焊第一外环和第一盖板、第二外环和第二盖板。
(3)焊接第一盖板、第一筒段、第一外环、第二盖板、第三筒段、第二外环及工件外壁。每条环焊缝采用分段对称的方式，焊接电流：60A。
(4)对封焊完成的带包套的工件进行钎焊，采用产品内腔抽真空且炉膛气体加压的炉中钎焊方式。钎焊完成后，在第一盖板上钻孔，在钻孔部位焊接打压接管嘴，对包套和产品内表面之间的部分充水加压，使得包套鼓起变形，要求液压压力为3MPa；在包套鼓起部位打孔并焊接打压接管嘴，再次采用充水加压的方式分离包套和产品；加压卸包套后，采用打磨的方式去除第一外环和第二外环；采用车加工的方式去除第一盖板和第二盖板；采用电弧切割的方式切割分解包套，以释放其应力；最终采用敲、拉的方式将包套去除。
实施例2：
(1)加工包套所需的各零件，包括第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段、第四筒段、第一盖板、第二盖板、第一外环和第二外环。第一筒段的厚度、第二筒段的厚度、第三筒段的厚度为1.5mm，第一筒段的材料、第二筒段的材料、第三筒段的材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，第一筒段外表面和第二筒段外表面与工件内壁内表面型面一致，第三筒段为外表面直径与喉部直径相匹配的圆筒形结构；第四筒段材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，第四筒段内表面与第三筒段外表面的型面一致，第四筒段外表面与工件内壁内表面型面一致，第四筒段被切割为四等份；第一盖板的材料、第二盖板的材料、第一外环的材料和第二外环的材料均为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，第一盖板的厚度、第二盖板的厚度、第一外环的后和第二外环的厚度均为3mm；工件内壁为环形结构，材料为铬青铜,工件内壁带小孔和喉部，小孔直径为0.8mm，喉部直径为50mm；大端直径为110mm，小端直径为50mm，长度为240mm，工件外壁为环形结构，材料为高强不锈钢，外壁内表面与内壁外表面型面一致。将第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段焊接在一起，修磨外表面，保证表面连续无凸起，并对其焊缝进行X光检查。对焊接在一起的第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段的外表面电镀铬，对第四筒段的外表面电镀铬，镀层厚度为20μm。对工件内壁电镀银，对工件外壁电镀铜。
(2)将工件内壁和外壁装配在一起，并对工件内壁小端进行胀形，对工件大端进行翻边，对工件内、外壁大小端采用手工氩弧焊封焊。第一外环和第二外环为带开口的环形结构。将第一外环、第二外环掰开分别装配至工件大端外壁的外表面和小端外壁的外表面。将焊接完成并电镀铬的第一筒段、 第二筒段、第三筒段装配至工件内表面，装配到底，且第一筒段、第二筒段和第三筒段与工件内表面贴合间隙为0.2mm。将第一盖板装配在第一筒段上，并定位焊第一盖板和第一筒段。将第四筒段装配至工件小端内表面和第三筒段之间，装配到底，第四筒段与工件小端内表面的贴合间隙为0.2mm。第四筒段与第三筒段之间的贴合间隙为0.2mm。将第二盖板装配在第三筒段上，并确认第二盖板与第四筒段贴合紧密。并定位焊第二盖板和第三筒段。定位焊第一外环和第一盖板、第二外环和第二盖板。
(3)焊接第一盖板、第一筒段、第一外环、第二盖板、第三筒段、第二外环及工件外壁。每条环焊缝采用分段对称的方式，焊接电流：80A。
(4)对封焊完成的带包套的工件进行钎焊，采用产品内腔抽真空且炉膛气体加压的炉中钎焊方式。钎焊完成后，在第一盖板上钻孔，在钻孔部位焊接打压接管嘴，对包套和产品内表面之间的部分充水加压，使得包套鼓起变形，要求液压压力为6MPa；在包套鼓起部位打孔并焊接打压接管嘴，再次采用充水加压的方式分离包套和产品；加压卸包套后，采用打磨的方式去除第一外环和第二外环；采用车加工的方式去除第一盖板和第二盖板；采用电弧切割的方式切割分解包套，以释放其应力；最终采用敲、拉的方式将包套去除。
实施例3：
(1)加工包套所需的各零件，包括第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段、第四筒段、第一盖板、第二盖板、第一外环和第二外环。第一筒段的厚度、第二筒段的厚度、第三筒段的厚度为1.3mm，第一筒段的材料、第二筒段的材 料、第三筒段的材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，第一筒段外表面和第二筒段外表面与工件内壁内表面型面一致，第三筒段为外表面直径与喉部直径相匹配的圆筒形结构；第四筒段材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，第四筒段内表面与第三筒段外表面的型面一致，第四筒段外表面与工件内壁内表面型面一致，第四筒段被切割为四等份；第一盖板的材料、第二盖板的材料、第一外环的材料和第二外环材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，第一盖板的厚度、第二盖板的厚度、第一外环的厚度和第二外环的厚度均为2.5mm；工件内壁为环形结构，材料为铬青铜,工件内壁带小孔和喉部，小孔直径为0.7mm，喉部直径为40mm；大端直径为100mm，小端直径为45mm，长度为220mm，工件外壁为环形结构，材料为高强不锈钢，外壁内表面与内壁外表面型面一致。将第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段焊接在一起，修磨外表面，保证表面连续无凸起，并对其焊缝进行X光检查。对焊接在一起的第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段的外表面电镀铬，对第四筒段的外表面电镀铬，镀层厚度为15μm。对工件内壁电镀银，对工件外壁电镀铜。
(2)将工件内壁和外壁装配在一起，并对工件内壁小端进行胀形，对工件大端进行翻边，对工件内、外壁大小端采用手工氩弧焊封焊。第一外环和第二外环为带开口的环形结构。将第一外环、第二外环掰开分别装配至工件大端外壁外表面和小端外壁外表面。将焊接完成并电镀铬的第一筒段、第二筒段、第三筒段装配至工件内表面，装配到底，且两者贴合间隙为0.15mm。将第一盖板装配在第一筒段上，并定位焊第一盖板和第一筒段。将第四筒段装配至工件小端内表面和第三筒段之间，装配到底，第四筒段与工件小端内表面的贴合间隙为0.15mm。第四筒段与第三筒段之间的贴合间隙为0.15mm。 将第二盖板装配在第三筒段上，并确认第二盖板与第四筒段贴合紧密。并定位焊第二盖板和第三筒段。定位焊第一外环和第一盖板、第二外环和第二盖板。
(3)焊接第一盖板、第一筒段、第一外环、第二盖板、第三筒段、第二外环及工件外壁。每条环焊缝采用分段对称的方式，焊接电流：75A。
(4)对封焊完成的带包套的工件进行钎焊，采用产品内腔抽真空且炉膛气体加压的炉中钎焊方式。钎焊完成后，在第一盖板上钻孔，在钻孔部位焊接打压接管嘴，对包套和产品内表面之间的部分充水加压，使得包套鼓起变形，要求液压压力为5MPa；在包套鼓起部位打孔并焊接打压接管嘴，再次采用充水加压的方式分离包套和产品；加压卸包套后，采用打磨的方式去除第一外环和第二外环；采用车加工的方式去除第一盖板和第二盖板；采用电弧切割的方式切割分解包套，以释放其应力；最终采用敲、拉的方式将包套去除。
本发明解决了内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件钎焊无法密封的问题。通过优化包套结构，采用分体双层包套的方式，实现了此种铜钢钎焊件包套的顺利装配及封焊；对于此种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件，本发明通过采用特殊结构的包套，并采用手工氩弧焊封焊进行密封，使得产品内腔可以抽真空，提高了铜钢钎焊缝强度，保证了产品质量。
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱 离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其特征在于，包括：
    加工包套；其中，所述包套包括第一筒段(3)、第二筒段(4)、第三筒段(5)、第四筒段(6)、第一盖板(7)、第二盖板(8)、第一外环(9)和第二外环(10)；
    将工件的内壁的小端和外壁的小端焊接，将工件的内壁的大端和外壁的大端焊接，将第一外环(9)装配至工件大端的外壁外表面，将第二外环(10)装配至工件小端的外壁外表面，将第一筒段(3)、第二筒段(4)和第三筒段(5)装配至工件内壁的内表面，将第一盖板(7)装配在第一筒段(3)上，定位焊第一盖板(7)的内端和第一筒段(3)；
    将第四筒段(6)装配至工件小端内表面和第三筒段(5)之间，将第二盖板(8)装配在第三筒段(5)上，并定位焊第二盖板(8)的内端和第三筒段(5)；
    定位焊第一外环(9)的大端和第一盖板(7)，定位焊第二外环(10)的大端和第二盖板(8)；
    焊接第一筒段(3)和第一盖板(7)的内端，焊接第一盖板(7)和第一外环(9)的大端，焊接第一外环(9)的小端和工件的外壁(1)大端，焊接第三筒段(5)和第二盖板(8)的内端，焊接第二盖板(8)和第二外环(10)的大端、焊接第二外环(10)的小端和工件的外壁(1)小端；对带包套的工件进行钎焊；钎焊完成后，卸除包套。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其特征在于：将所述第一筒段(3)、所述第二筒段(4)和所述第三筒段(5)依次焊接在一起，对焊接在一起的第一筒段(3)、第二筒段(4)和第三筒段(5)的外表面电镀铬，对第四筒段(6)的外表面电镀铬，对工件的内壁(2)的外表面电镀银，对工件的外壁(1)内表面电镀铜。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其特征在于：将所述工件的内壁和外壁装配在一起，并对工件内壁的小端进行胀形，对工件内壁的大端进行翻边，将工件的内壁的小端和外壁的小端采用手工氩弧焊封焊，将工件的内壁的大端和外壁的大端采用手工氩弧焊封焊。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其特征在于：所述第一筒段的厚度、所述第二筒段的厚度和所述第三筒段的厚度均为1mm～1.5mm，所述第一筒段的材料、所述第二筒段的材料和所述第三筒段的材料均为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢；
    所述第一筒段(3)的外表面与工件内壁装配位置相对应的内表面型面相匹配，所述第二筒段的外表面与工件内壁装配位置相对应的内表面型面相匹配；所述第三筒段为外表面直径与工件的喉部直径相匹配的圆筒形结构；
    所述第四筒段(6)的材料为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，所述第四筒段的内表面与所述第三筒段的外表面的型面一致，所述第四筒段的外表面与工件的内壁的内表面型面一致，第四筒段被切割为四等份；
    所述第一盖板(7)的材料、所述第二盖板(8)的材料、所述第一外环(9)的材料和所述第二外环(10)的材料均为1Cr21Ni5Ti不锈钢，所述第一盖板(7)的厚度、所述第二盖板(8)的厚度、所述第一外环(9)的厚度和所述第二外环(10)的厚度均为2mm～3mm；
    所述工件的内壁(2)为环形结构，所述工件的材料为铬青铜,所述工件包括小孔和喉部，小孔直径为0.5mm～0.8mm，喉部直径为30mm～50mm；所述工件的大端直径为90mm～110mm，所述工件的小端直径为40mm～50mm，所述工件的长度为200mm～240mm；所述工件的外壁为环形结构， 所述工件的外壁的材料为高强不锈钢，所述工件的外壁内表面与所述工件的内壁外表面型面一致。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其特征在于：对焊接在一起的第一筒段(3)、第二筒段(4)和第三筒段(5)的外表面电镀的铬的厚度为10μm～20μm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其特征在于：第一筒段(3)、第二筒段(4)和第三筒段(5)作为整体的外表面与工件的内壁的内表面的间隙不大于0.2mm；
    所述第四筒段与所述工件的小端内表面的间隙不大于0.2mm，第四筒段与第三筒段之间的间隙不大于0.2mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其特征在于：对带包套的工件进行钎焊的具体步骤包括：
    工件的外壁(1)和工件的内壁(2)之间的空间形成内腔，在工件的外壁(1)上与内腔相通的管嘴上焊接第一抽真空管(11)，在第一外环(9)或第二外环(10)上任选一个位置钻通孔，在通孔部位焊接第二抽真空管(12)；
    将带包套的工件与钎焊炉的轴通过氩弧焊的方式连接在一起，将第一抽真空管(11)、第二抽真空管(12)均与钎焊炉上的抽真空焊接；
    对带包套的工件的外壁和内壁之间的内腔抽真空，钎焊炉的炉膛充氩气；对带包套的工件进行加热，并在钎焊温度下保温预设时间；保温结束后，关闭钎焊炉的电源，让带包套的工件随钎焊炉一起冷却至室温，则带包套的工件的外壁的内表面和内壁的外表面焊接在一起。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其 特征在于：卸除包套时，在第一盖板(7)上钻孔，在钻孔部位焊接打压接管嘴，对包套和工件内表面之间的间隙充水加压，使得包套鼓起变形，要求液压压力为3MPa～6MPa；在包套鼓起部位打孔并焊接打压接管嘴，再次采用充水加压的方式分离包套和工件。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其特征在于：所述钎焊温度为950℃-980℃。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的内壁带小孔和喉部铜钢钎焊件的钎焊方法，其特征在于：所述预设时间为20-30min。
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