WO2023181512A1 - Système de combustion - Google Patents

Système de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023181512A1
WO2023181512A1 PCT/JP2022/044961 JP2022044961W WO2023181512A1 WO 2023181512 A1 WO2023181512 A1 WO 2023181512A1 JP 2022044961 W JP2022044961 W JP 2022044961W WO 2023181512 A1 WO2023181512 A1 WO 2023181512A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ammonia
flow path
recovery tank
tank
amount
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2022/044961
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
壮一郎 加藤
慎太朗 伊藤
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株式会社Ihi
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Publication of WO2023181512A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023181512A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/28—Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes

Definitions

  • Combustion systems such as gas turbine systems that obtain power by burning fuel are used.
  • BACKGROUND ART Some combustion systems such as gas turbine systems use ammonia as a fuel, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. By using ammonia as a fuel, carbon dioxide emissions are suppressed.
  • a purge operation is performed to discharge fuel from the pipes so that no fuel remains in the pipes when the system is stopped.
  • Ammonia has the property of being difficult to burn compared to other hydrocarbon fuels. Therefore, in a combustion system that uses ammonia as a fuel, when disposing of ammonia by, for example, a purge operation, a disposal method such as dissolving it in water in an ammonia recovery tank and disposing of it as industrial waste is adopted. Since simply disposing of ammonia that can be used as fuel is wasteful in both cost and energy, it is desired to reduce the amount of ammonia discarded.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a combustion system that can reduce the amount of ammonia waste.
  • the combustion system of the present disclosure includes an ammonia tank, a combustor connected to the ammonia tank, an intake flow path connected to the combustor, and a compressor provided in the intake flow path. It includes an ammonia recovery tank connected to the ammonia tank, and a first flow path connecting the ammonia recovery tank and the compressor.
  • the engine including the combustor, the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank to the combustor, and the ammonia water sent from the ammonia recovery tank to the compressor via the first flow path so that the engine output reaches the set value.
  • the first control unit may be provided to control the supply amount of the liquid.
  • the first control unit may limit the supply amount of ammonia water sent from the ammonia recovery tank to the compressor via the first flow path to a first upper limit value or less.
  • It may include an exhaust flow path connected to the combustor, a denitrification device provided in the exhaust flow path, and a second flow path connecting the ammonia recovery tank and the denitrification device.
  • the denitrification equipment is connected to the ammonia tank, and based on the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the denitrification equipment, the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank to the denitrification equipment and the amount of ammonia sent from the ammonia recovery tank to the denitrification equipment are determined.
  • a second control unit may be provided to control the supply amount of ammonia water sent to via the second flow path.
  • the second control unit may limit the supply amount of ammonia water sent from the ammonia recovery tank to the denitrification device via the second flow path to a second upper limit value or less.
  • the amount of ammonia waste can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a combustion system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the overall flow of processing performed by the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of water supply processing to the ammonia recovery tank performed by the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process of supplying ammonia water to the compressor, which is performed by the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process of supplying ammonia water to the denitrification device, which is performed by the control device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a combustion system 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • the combustion system 1 is a gas turbine system that is an example of a combustion system that generates energy by burning fuel.
  • the combustion system 1 includes a compressor 11a, a turbine 11b, a combustor 12, a generator 13, an ammonia tank 14, a pump 15, an ammonia recovery tank 16, a boiler 17, Denitration device 18, pump 19, flow control valves 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, ammonia concentration sensor 31, nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 32, ammonia concentration sensor 33, nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 34, an ammonia concentration sensor 35, a water level sensor 36, and a control device 40.
  • the combustion system 1 also includes an engine E1 including a compressor 11a, a turbine 11b, and a combustor 12.
  • Engine E1 is a gas turbine engine.
  • the compressor 11a and the turbine 11b rotate as a unit.
  • the compressor 11a and the turbine 11b are connected to each other by a shaft.
  • the compressor 11a is provided in an intake flow path 101 connected to the combustor 12. Air supplied to the combustor 12 flows through the intake flow path 101 . An intake port (not shown) through which air is taken in from the outside is provided at the upstream end of the intake flow path 101. Air taken in from the intake port passes through the compressor 11a and is sent to the combustor 12. The compressor 11a compresses air and discharges it downstream.
  • the turbine 11b is provided in an exhaust flow path 102 connected to the combustor 12. Exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 12 flows through the exhaust flow path 102 . Exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 12 passes through the turbine 11b and is sent to the downstream side of the turbine 11b in the exhaust flow path 102. The turbine 11b generates rotational power by being rotated by exhaust gas.
  • a generator 13 is connected to the compressor 11a.
  • the rotational power transmitted from the turbine 11b to the compressor 11a is used for power generation by the generator 13.
  • the combustor 12 is supplied with air compressed by the compressor 11a from the intake flow path 101, and ammonia in a liquid state is supplied as fuel from the ammonia tank 14. However, as described later, ammonia may be supplied to the combustor 12 in a gaseous state from the ammonia tank 14. In the combustor 12, combustion is performed using ammonia as fuel. Exhaust gas generated in the combustor 12 is discharged into the exhaust flow path 102.
  • Ammonia is stored in a liquid state in the ammonia tank 14.
  • ammonia is maintained in a liquid state at, for example, atmospheric pressure and -33°C.
  • the vapor pressure within the ammonia tank 14 is suppressed, and problems with the strength and structure of the tank are suppressed.
  • the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the flow path 103. Specifically, the flow path 103 communicates with a region in the ammonia tank 14 where liquid ammonia is stored. Liquid ammonia flows through the flow path 103 .
  • a pump 15 is provided in the flow path 103. The pump 15 pressurizes liquid ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 and sends it downstream.
  • the flow path 103 branches into a flow path 104 and a flow path 105 on the downstream side of the pump 15 .
  • the flow path 104 is connected to the combustor 12.
  • the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the combustor 12 via the flow path 103 and the flow path 104. Therefore, ammonia can be supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 12 via the flow path 103 and the flow path 104.
  • a flow control valve 21 is provided in the flow path 104 .
  • the flow control valve 21 adjusts the flow rate of ammonia sent to the combustor 12 through the flow path 104. Specifically, the amount of ammonia supplied to the combustor 12 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the flow control valve 21.
  • the flow path 105 is connected to the ammonia recovery tank 16.
  • the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the ammonia recovery tank 16 via the flow path 103 and the flow path 105. Therefore, ammonia can be supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the ammonia recovery tank 16 via the flow path 103 and the flow path 105.
  • a flow control valve 22 is provided in the flow path 105 .
  • the flow rate control valve 22 adjusts the flow rate of ammonia sent to the ammonia recovery tank 16 through the flow path 105. Specifically, the amount of ammonia supplied to the ammonia recovery tank 16 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 22.
  • Water is supplied to the ammonia recovery tank 16.
  • the ammonia sent to the ammonia recovery tank 16 is dissolved in the water in the ammonia recovery tank 16. Therefore, ammonia water is stored in the ammonia recovery tank 16.
  • a purge operation is performed to open the flow control valve 22.
  • ammonia remaining in the channels 103, 104, and 105 is sent to the ammonia recovery tank 16. Therefore, remaining ammonia in the flow paths 103, 104, and 105 is suppressed.
  • a boiler 17 is provided in the exhaust flow path 102 on the downstream side of the turbine 11b.
  • the boiler 17 is provided with a flow path 106 through which water flows.
  • the water flowing through the flow path 106 is heated by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust flow path 102 and vaporizes into gas (that is, water vapor).
  • a flow path 106 of the boiler 17 is connected to a steam turbine (not shown). Steam generated in the boiler 17 is sent to a steam turbine. The steam then turns a steam turbine and generates rotational power. The rotary power generated by the steam turbine is used for power generation.
  • a denitrification device 18 is provided inside the boiler 17 in the exhaust flow path 102.
  • the denitrification device 18 is schematically shown by a broken-line rectangle, but the rectangle does not accurately indicate the arrangement of the denitrification device 18 in the boiler 17, and the arrangement of the denitrification device 18 in the boiler 17 is determined as appropriate. Can be set.
  • the denitrification device 18 only needs to be provided in the exhaust flow path 102, and may be provided outside the boiler 17.
  • Ammonia is supplied to the denitrification device 18, as will be described later.
  • the denitrification device 18 reacts nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust flow path 102 with ammonia and decomposes them into nitrogen and water. This reaction is also called denitrification reaction.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the flow path 107. Specifically, the flow path 107 communicates with a region in the ammonia tank 14 where vaporized gaseous ammonia is stored. Gaseous ammonia flows through the flow path 107 .
  • the flow path 107 is branched into a flow path 108 and a flow path 109.
  • the flow path 108 is connected to the denitrification device 18.
  • the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the denitrification device 18 via the flow path 107 and the flow path 108. Therefore, ammonia gas, which is gaseous ammonia, can be supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the denitrification device 18 via the flow path 107 and the flow path 108.
  • a flow rate control valve 23 is provided in the flow path 108 . The flow rate control valve 23 adjusts the flow rate of ammonia sent to the denitrification device 18 through the flow path 108. Specifically, the amount of ammonia supplied to the denitrification device 18 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the flow control valve 23.
  • the flow path 109 is connected to the flow path 105. That is, the ammonia tank 14 is connected to the ammonia recovery tank 16 via the flow path 107, the flow path 109, and the flow path 105. Therefore, ammonia can be supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the ammonia recovery tank 16 via the flow path 107, the flow path 109, and the flow path 105.
  • a flow control valve 24 is provided in the flow path 109 .
  • the flow rate control valve 24 adjusts the flow rate of ammonia sent to the ammonia recovery tank 16 through the flow path 109. Specifically, the amount of ammonia supplied to the ammonia recovery tank 16 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 24.
  • the ammonia recovery tank 16 is connected to the flow path 110. Specifically, the flow path 110 communicates with a region in the ammonia recovery tank 16 where aqueous ammonia is stored. Ammonia water flows through the flow path 110.
  • a pump 19 is provided in the flow path 110. The pump 19 pressurizes ammonia water supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 and sends it downstream.
  • the flow path 110 branches into a flow path 111 and a flow path 112 on the downstream side of the pump 19 .
  • the flow path 111 is connected to the compressor 11a.
  • the ammonia recovery tank 16 is connected to the compressor 11a via the flow path 110 and the flow path 111. Therefore, ammonia water can be supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the compressor 11a via the flow path 110 and the flow path 111.
  • the compressor 11a is a multistage compressor.
  • the flow path 111 is connected to an intermediate stage of the compressor 11a. Therefore, ammonia water is supplied from the flow path 111 to the intermediate stage of the compressor 11a.
  • the flow path 110 and the flow path 111 correspond to an example of a first flow path through which aqueous ammonia flows.
  • a flow control valve 25 is provided in the flow path 111 .
  • the flow control valve 25 adjusts the flow rate of ammonia water sent to the compressor 11a through the flow path 111. Specifically, by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 25, the amount of ammonia water supplied to the compressor 11a is adjusted.
  • the flow path 112 is connected to the denitrification device 18.
  • the ammonia recovery tank 16 is connected to the denitrification device 18 via the flow path 110 and the flow path 112. Therefore, ammonia water can be supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the denitrification device 18 via the flow path 110 and the flow path 112.
  • the flow path 110 and the flow path 112 correspond to an example of a second flow path through which aqueous ammonia flows.
  • the flow path 112 is provided with a flow rate control valve 26 .
  • the flow control valve 26 adjusts the flow rate of ammonia water sent to the denitrification device 18 through the flow path 112. Specifically, the amount of ammonia water supplied to the denitrification device 18 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 26.
  • the exhaust flow path 102 is provided with an ammonia concentration sensor 31, a nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 32, an ammonia concentration sensor 33, and a nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 34.
  • the ammonia concentration sensor 31 and the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 32 are arranged in the exhaust flow path 102 on the downstream side of the turbine 11b and on the upstream side of the denitration device 18.
  • the ammonia concentration sensor 31 detects the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas flowing into the denitrification device 18.
  • the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 32 detects the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust gas flowing into the denitrification device 18 .
  • the ammonia concentration sensor 33 and the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 34 are arranged downstream of the denitrification device 18 in the exhaust flow path 102.
  • the ammonia concentration sensor 33 detects the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the denitrification device 18.
  • the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 34 detects the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the denitrification device 18.
  • the ammonia recovery tank 16 is provided with an ammonia concentration sensor 35 and a water level sensor 36.
  • the ammonia concentration sensor 35 detects the ammonia concentration of the ammonia water in the ammonia recovery tank 16.
  • the water level sensor 36 detects the water level of ammonia water in the ammonia recovery tank 16.
  • the control device 40 includes a central processing unit (CPU), a ROM in which programs and the like are stored, and a RAM as a work area.
  • the control device 40 controls the operation of each device within the combustion system 1. For example, the control device 40 controls the operation of the flow control valves 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26, respectively. Further, the control device 40 controls the operations of the pumps 15 and 19, respectively. Further, the control device 40 acquires information from the generator 13 , the ammonia concentration sensor 31 , the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 32 , the ammonia concentration sensor 33 , the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 34 , the ammonia concentration sensor 35 , and the water level sensor 36 .
  • the control device 40 includes a first control section 41 and a second control section 42.
  • the functions of the first control section 41 and the second control section 42 are realized by a central processing unit, a ROM, and the like.
  • the first control unit 41 controls the supply amount of ammonia sent from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 12 and the amount of ammonia sent from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the compressor 11a via channels 110 and 111 corresponding to the first channel. Control the amount of water supplied. Specifically, the first control unit 41 controls the above two supply amounts by controlling the operations of the flow rate control valve 21 and the flow rate control valve 25, respectively.
  • the second control unit 42 controls the supply amount of ammonia sent from the ammonia tank 14 to the denitrification device 18 and the amount of ammonia sent from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the denitration device 18 via flow paths 110 and 112 corresponding to the second flow path. Control the amount of water supplied. Specifically, the second control unit 42 controls the above two supply amounts by controlling the operations of the flow rate control valve 23 and the flow rate control valve 26, respectively.
  • the control device 40 may be one device or may be divided into multiple devices. That is, the functions of the control device 40 may be realized by one device or may be divided into multiple devices. Details of the processing performed by the control device 40 will be described later.
  • the ammonia recovery tank 16 and the compressor 11a are connected by the flow paths 110 and 111 corresponding to the first flow path.
  • the ammonia water stored in the ammonia recovery tank 16 can be sent to the compressor 11a.
  • the ammonia water sent to the compressor 11a cools the air passing through the compressor 11a.
  • Ammonia contained in the ammonia water sent to the compressor 11a is then supplied to the combustor 12 as fuel.
  • the amount of ammonia water accumulated in the ammonia recovery tank 16 and discarded as industrial waste is reduced.
  • the ammonia water stored in the ammonia recovery tank 16 is effectively used as fuel for the combustor 12 without being discarded, the efficiency of the combustion system 1 is also improved.
  • the ammonia water sent to the compressor 11a cools the air passing through the compressor 11a. Therefore, the temperature of the compressed air in the compressor 11a decreases, the power for driving the compressor 11a is reduced, and the output of the compressor 11a is increased. Therefore, the efficiency of the combustion system 1 is effectively improved.
  • the intake flow path 101 and the exhaust flow path 102 may be connected by a detour flow path that bypasses the combustor 12.
  • a part of the air containing ammonia sent out from the compressor 11a is sent to the turbine 11b via the bypass flow path, and is used for cooling the turbine 11b.
  • ammonia contained in the air bypassing the combustor 12 is sent to the denitrification device 18 and used for the denitrification reaction in the denitrification device 18, so that it is not released into the atmosphere.
  • the ammonia recovery tank 16 and the denitrification device 18 are connected by flow paths 110 and 112 corresponding to the second flow path. Thereby, the ammonia water stored in the ammonia recovery tank 16 can be sent to the denitrification device 18. Ammonia contained in the ammonia water sent to the denitrification device 18 is used for the denitrification reaction in the denitrification device 18. Thereby, the ammonia water accumulated in the ammonia recovery tank 16 is further suppressed from being discarded as industrial waste, and the amount of ammonia discarded is further reduced.
  • the ammonia water stored in the ammonia recovery tank 16 is not discarded but is effectively utilized for the denitrification reaction in the denitrification device 18, the efficiency of the combustion system 1 is also improved.
  • the second flow path may be omitted from the combustion system 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the overall flow of processing performed by the control device 40.
  • step S101 the control device 40 determines whether the water level of the ammonia recovery tank 16 is below the lower limit value.
  • the lower limit value of step S101 is an index for determining whether the amount of water in the ammonia recovery tank 16 is less than the amount necessary for recovering ammonia.
  • the water level of the ammonia recovery tank 16 is below the lower limit value, this corresponds to a case where the amount of water in the ammonia recovery tank 16 is less than the amount required for recovering ammonia.
  • step S101/YES If it is determined that the water level of the ammonia recovery tank 16 is below the lower limit (step S101/YES), the process proceeds to step S102.
  • step S102 the control device 40 executes water supply processing to the ammonia recovery tank 16, and returns to step S101.
  • the water supply process to the ammonia recovery tank 16 is a process for supplying water to the ammonia recovery tank 16. Details of the water supply process to the ammonia recovery tank 16 will be described later with reference to FIG. 3.
  • step S101/NO the process proceeds to step S103.
  • step S103 the control device 40 determines whether the ammonia concentration in the ammonia recovery tank 16 (specifically, the ammonia concentration in the ammonia water) is below a threshold value.
  • the threshold value in step S103 is used to determine whether the ammonia water in the ammonia recovery tank 16 has an ammonia concentration that can be used for combustion in the combustor 12 or for denitrification reaction in the denitrification device 18. It is an indicator.
  • the ammonia concentration in the ammonia recovery tank 16 is below the threshold value, the ammonia water in the ammonia recovery tank 16 has an ammonia concentration that can be used for combustion in the combustor 12 or for the denitrification reaction in the denitrification device 18. This corresponds to the case where the
  • step S103/YES If it is determined that the ammonia concentration in the ammonia recovery tank 16 is below the threshold value (step S103/YES), the process proceeds to step S106, which will be described later. On the other hand, if it is determined that the ammonia concentration in the ammonia recovery tank 16 is higher than the threshold value (step S103/NO), the process proceeds to step S104.
  • step S104 the control device 40 determines whether conditions for prohibiting the supply of ammonia water to the compressor 11a are satisfied.
  • the prohibition condition for step S104 is that the rotation speed of the compressor 11a is too low. By using such prohibition conditions, it is possible to suppress combustion from becoming unstable due to ammonia water being supplied to the combustor 12 in a situation where the combustion of the combustor 12 is not stable.
  • the prohibition condition in step S104 is that the ammonia concentration detected by the ammonia concentration sensor 31 is higher than the nitrogen oxide concentration detected by the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 32 (that is, the nitrogen oxide concentration detected by the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 32 is The concentration of ammonia in the exhaust gas flowing into the denitrification device 18 is higher than the concentration of nitrogen oxides). By using such prohibition conditions, an increase in unburned ammonia is suppressed.
  • step S104/YES If it is determined that the conditions for prohibiting the supply of ammonia water to the compressor 11a are satisfied (step S104/YES), the process proceeds to step S106, which will be described later. On the other hand, if it is determined that the prohibition condition for supplying ammonia water to the compressor 11a is not satisfied (step S104/NO), the process proceeds to step S105.
  • step S105 the first control unit 41 of the control device 40 executes an ammonia water supply process to the compressor 11a.
  • the process of supplying ammonia water to the compressor 11a is a process of supplying ammonia water from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the compressor 11a. Details of the ammonia water supply process to the compressor 11a will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • step S106 the control device 40 determines whether the prohibition condition for supplying ammonia water to the denitrification device 18 is satisfied.
  • the prohibition condition for step S106 is that the ammonia concentration detected by the ammonia concentration sensor 33 is higher than the nitrogen oxide concentration detected by the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 34 (that is, the nitrogen oxide concentration detected by the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 34 is The concentration of ammonia in the exhaust gas is higher than the concentration of nitrogen oxides).
  • step S106/YES If it is determined that the conditions for prohibiting the supply of ammonia water to the denitrification device 18 are satisfied (step S106/YES), the process returns to step S101. On the other hand, if it is determined that the prohibition condition for supplying ammonia water to the denitrification device 18 is not satisfied (step S106/NO), the process advances to step S107.
  • step S107 the control device 40 determines whether the NOx emission concentration is greater than or equal to the upper limit value.
  • the NOx emission concentration is the concentration of nitrogen oxides emitted from the combustion system 1.
  • the nitrogen oxide concentration detected by the nitrogen oxide concentration sensor 34 corresponds to the NOx emission concentration.
  • the upper limit value in step S107 is an index for determining whether the amount of nitrogen oxides discharged from the combustion system 1 is excessively large from the viewpoint of environmental deterioration. When the NOx emission concentration is equal to or greater than the upper limit value, this corresponds to a case where the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted from the combustion system 1 is excessively large from the viewpoint of environmental deterioration.
  • step S107/NO If it is determined that the NOx emission concentration is lower than the upper limit value (step S107/NO), the process returns to step S101. On the other hand, if it is determined that the NOx emission concentration is equal to or higher than the upper limit value (step S107/YES), the process advances to step S108.
  • step S108 the second control unit 42 of the control device 40 executes an ammonia water supply process to the denitrification device 18, and returns to step S101.
  • the process of supplying ammonia water to the denitrification device 18 is a process of supplying ammonia water from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the denitrification device 18 . Details of the ammonia water supply process to the denitrification device 18 will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of water supply processing to the ammonia recovery tank 16 performed by the control device 40.
  • the processing flow shown in FIG. 3 is executed in step S102 in the flowchart of FIG.
  • control device 40 starts supplying water to the ammonia recovery tank 16 in step S201.
  • step S202 the control device 40 determines whether the water level of the ammonia recovery tank 16 is equal to or higher than the upper limit value.
  • the upper limit value in step S202 can be set as appropriate depending on the volume of the ammonia recovery tank 16, etc.
  • step S202 If it is determined that the water level of the ammonia recovery tank 16 is lower than the upper limit (step S202/NO), step S202 is repeated. On the other hand, if it is determined that the water level of the ammonia recovery tank 16 is equal to or higher than the upper limit value (step S202/YES), the process proceeds to step S203.
  • step S203 the control device 40 stops the water supply to the ammonia recovery tank 16, and the process flow shown in FIG. 3 ends. Normally, by using a lower limit switch and an upper limit switch that respectively detect when the water level of the ammonia recovery tank 16 has reached a lower limit value and an upper limit value, the make-up water tank that supplies water to the ammonia recovery tank 16 is The water level is controlled to be between the lower limit and upper limit.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the process of supplying ammonia water to the compressor 11a, which is performed by the control device 40 (specifically, the first control unit 41). The processing flow shown in FIG. 4 is executed in step S105 in the flowchart of FIG.
  • step S301 the first control unit 41 determines whether the amount of ammonia water supplied to the compressor 11a is less than the upper limit value.
  • the upper limit value in step S301 is an index for determining whether the amount of ammonia water supplied to the compressor 11a is large enough to cause a misfire in the combustor 12.
  • the amount of ammonia water supplied to the compressor 11a is larger than the upper limit value, this corresponds to a case where the amount of ammonia water supplied to the compressor 11a is large enough to cause a misfire in the combustor 12.
  • step S301/YES If it is determined that the amount of ammonia water supplied to the compressor 11a is less than the upper limit (step S301/YES), the process proceeds to step S302. In step S302, the first control unit 41 increases the amount of ammonia water supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the compressor 11a, and proceeds to step S304. On the other hand, if it is determined that the amount of ammonia water supplied to the compressor 11a is equal to or greater than the upper limit value (step S301/NO), the process proceeds to step S303. In step S303, the first control unit 41 reduces the amount of ammonia water supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the compressor 11a, and proceeds to step S304.
  • step S304 the first control unit 41 determines whether the output of the engine E1 is lower than the set value.
  • the set value in step S304 is set, for example, according to the required value of the amount of power generated by the generator 13.
  • step S304/YES If it is determined that the output of the engine E1 is lower than the set value (step S304/YES), the process advances to step S305.
  • step S305 the first control unit 41 increases the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 12, and the process flow shown in FIG. 4 ends.
  • step S304/NO the process advances to step S306.
  • step S306 the first control unit 41 determines whether the output of the engine E1 is higher than the set value.
  • the set value in step S306 is the same as the set value in step S304.
  • step S306/YES If it is determined that the output of the engine E1 is higher than the set value (step S306/YES), the process proceeds to step S307.
  • step S307 the first control unit 41 reduces the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 12, and the process flow shown in FIG. 4 ends.
  • step S306/NO the processing flow shown in FIG. 4 ends.
  • the amount of ammonia water supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the compressor 11a is set at the upper limit.
  • the value is increased or decreased so as to be maintained near the value (steps S302, S303).
  • the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 12 increases or decreases depending on the output of the engine E1 (steps S305, S307). Thereby, the output of the engine E1 is controlled to the set value.
  • the first control unit 41 controls the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 12 and the ammonia recovery tank 16 so that the output of the engine E1 becomes the set value.
  • the supply amount of ammonia water sent from the compressor 11a to the compressor 11a via the first flow path (in the above example, flow paths 110 and 111) is controlled.
  • the ammonia water stored in the ammonia recovery tank 16 is effectively used as fuel for the combustor 12, and the ammonia sent from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 12 is also used as fuel, thereby increasing the output of the engine E1 to the set value. can be controlled. Therefore, the output of the engine E1 can be appropriately controlled while reducing the amount of ammonia waste.
  • the first control unit 41 also controls the amount of ammonia water to be supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the compressor 11a via the first channel (channels 110 and 111 in the above example). It is limited to a first upper limit value (in the above example, the upper limit value in step S301) or less. This prevents the amount of ammonia water supplied to the compressor 11a from increasing to the extent that a misfire occurs in the combustor 12. Therefore, occurrence of misfire in the combustor 12 is suppressed.
  • the first upper limit value may be a fixed value or a value that changes depending on various parameters. Examples of the above parameters include the ammonia concentration of the ammonia water stored in the ammonia recovery tank 16.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the process of supplying ammonia water to the denitrification device 18, which is performed by the control device 40 (specifically, the second control section 42). The processing flow shown in FIG. 5 is executed in step S108 in the flowchart of FIG.
  • step S401 the second control unit 42 determines whether the amount of ammonia water supplied to the denitrification device 18 is less than the upper limit value.
  • the upper limit value in step S401 is an index for determining whether the amount of ammonia water supplied to the denitrification device 18 is large enough to prevent the denitrification reaction in the denitrification device 18 from proceeding smoothly.
  • the amount of ammonia water supplied to the denitrification device 18 is larger than the upper limit value, this corresponds to a case where the amount of ammonia water supplied to the denitrification device 18 is so large that the denitrification reaction in the denitrification device 18 does not proceed smoothly.
  • step S401/YES If it is determined that the amount of ammonia water supplied to the denitrification device 18 is less than the upper limit value (step S401/YES), the process proceeds to step S402.
  • step S402 the second control unit 42 increases the amount of ammonia water supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the denitrification device 18, and the process flow shown in FIG. 5 ends.
  • step S403 the second control unit 42 reduces the amount of ammonia water supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the denitrification device 18, and proceeds to step S404.
  • step S404 the second control unit 42 increases the amount of ammonia gas supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the denitrification device 18, and the process flow shown in FIG. 5 ends.
  • the processing flow shown in FIG. 5 is repeated until it is determined that it is necessary to suppress the amount of nitrogen oxides discharged from the combustion system 1 based on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas discharged from the denitrification device 18. . Specifically, the processing flow shown in FIG. 5 is repeated while the NOx emission concentration is equal to or higher than the upper limit value. In a situation where the processing flow shown in FIG. 5 is repeated, after the supply of ammonia water from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the denitrification device 18 is started, the amount of ammonia water supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the denitrification device 18 is set at the upper limit. The value is increased or decreased so as to be maintained near the value (steps S402, S403).
  • step S404 When the amount of ammonia water supplied to the denitrification device 18 is equal to or greater than the upper limit value, the amount of ammonia gas supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the denitrification device 18 is increased (step S404). Thereby, the NOx emission concentration falls below the upper limit value, and the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted from the combustion system 1 is appropriately suppressed.
  • the second control unit 42 supplies ammonia to be sent from the ammonia tank 14 to the denitrification device 18 based on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas discharged from the denitrification device 18. and the supply amount of ammonia water sent from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the denitrification device 18 via the second flow path (in the above example, flow paths 110 and 112).
  • the combustion system 1 It is possible to appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen oxide emissions from Therefore, the amount of nitrogen oxides discharged from the combustion system 1 can be appropriately reduced while reducing the amount of ammonia waste.
  • the second control unit 42 also controls the amount of ammonia water to be supplied from the ammonia recovery tank 16 to the denitrification device 18 via the second channel (channels 110 and 112 in the above example). It is limited to the second upper limit value (in the above example, the upper limit value in step S401) or less. This prevents the amount of ammonia water supplied to the denitrification device 18 from increasing to the extent that the denitrification reaction in the denitrification device 18 does not proceed smoothly. Therefore, the denitrification reaction in the denitrification device 18 is prevented from proceeding smoothly.
  • the second upper limit value may be a fixed value or a value that changes depending on various parameters. Examples of the above-mentioned parameters include the ammonia concentration of the ammonia water stored in the ammonia recovery tank 16 and the exhaust gas temperature data required for the denitrification reaction.
  • control device 40 examples of processing performed by the control device 40 have been described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • the processing performed by the control device 40 is not limited to the example described above.
  • the processes described using each flowchart above do not necessarily have to be executed in the order shown in each flowchart. Some processing steps may be performed in parallel. Also, additional processing steps may be employed or some processing steps may be omitted.
  • the engine E1 including the combustor 12 is a gas turbine engine.
  • the engine E1 including the combustor 12 is not limited to a gas turbine engine.
  • the engine E1 including the combustor 12 may be a reciprocating engine with a turbocharger.
  • the compressor of the turbocharger and the ammonia recovery tank 16 are connected through the first flow path, and the same effects as in the example described above are achieved.
  • the rotational power transmitted from the turbine 11b to the compressor 11a is used as energy to drive the generator 13.
  • the rotational power transmitted from the turbine 11b to the compressor 11a may be used for other purposes, such as for driving a moving body such as a ship.
  • ammonia is supplied from the ammonia tank 14 to the combustor 12 in a liquid state.
  • ammonia may be supplied to the combustor 12 from the ammonia tank 14 in a gaseous state.
  • a vaporizer is provided in the flow path 103 or 104, and ammonia is vaporized by the vaporizer.
  • ammonia is sent from the ammonia tank 14 to the flow path 107 in a gaseous state.
  • ammonia may be sent in a liquid state from the ammonia tank 14 to the flow path 107, and the ammonia may be vaporized in the flow path 107, the flow path 108, or the flow path 109.
  • the present disclosure contributes to reducing the amount of fuel wasted and improving efficiency in combustion systems such as gas turbine systems. can contribute to "ensuring access to modern energy.”
  • Combustion system 11a Compressor 12: Combustor 14: Ammonia tank 16: Ammonia recovery tank 18: Denitrification device 41: First control section 42: Second control section 101: Intake flow path 102: Exhaust flow path 110: Flow Channel (first channel, second channel) 111: Channel (first channel) 112: Channel (second channel) E1: Engine

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de combustion (1) comprend un réservoir d'ammoniac (14), une chambre de combustion (12) reliée au réservoir d'ammoniac (14), un trajet d'écoulement d'admission (101) relié à la chambre de combustion (12), un compresseur (11a) disposé dans le trajet d'écoulement d'admission (101), une cuve de récupération d'ammoniac (16) reliée au réservoir d'ammoniac (14), et un premier trajet d'écoulement (trajets d'écoulement 110, 111) reliant la cuve de récupération d'ammoniac (16) et le compresseur (11a).
PCT/JP2022/044961 2022-03-25 2022-12-06 Système de combustion WO2023181512A1 (fr)

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JP2020147481A (ja) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-17 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 アンモニア分解設備、これを備えるガスタービンプラント、アンモニア分解方法
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JP2021022501A (ja) * 2019-07-29 2021-02-18 株式会社Kri アンモニア貯蔵・供給システム及び燃料電池システム
JP2021032230A (ja) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-01 株式会社豊田自動織機 内燃機関システム
JP6934555B1 (ja) * 2020-08-25 2021-09-15 三菱造船株式会社 船舶
JP6940727B1 (ja) * 2021-06-03 2021-09-29 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー 余剰アンモニアの処理装置および処理方法

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JP2003530501A (ja) * 1998-07-24 2003-10-14 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ タービンエンジン内に水を噴射する制御装置および方法
JP2007071188A (ja) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-22 Niigata Power Systems Co Ltd ガスタービンの燃料制御装置
WO2010082359A1 (fr) * 2009-01-14 2010-07-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Moteur
JP2015147201A (ja) * 2014-02-07 2015-08-20 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 ガスタービンプラントの制御装置、ガスタービンプラント、及びガスタービンの脱硝制御方法
JP6245404B1 (ja) * 2016-04-28 2017-12-13 中国電力株式会社 燃焼装置および発電設備
JP2019178840A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 株式会社Ihi 燃焼装置、ガスタービン及び発電装置
JP2020147481A (ja) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-17 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 アンモニア分解設備、これを備えるガスタービンプラント、アンモニア分解方法
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