WO2023164989A1 - 升降设备 - Google Patents

升降设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023164989A1
WO2023164989A1 PCT/CN2022/085303 CN2022085303W WO2023164989A1 WO 2023164989 A1 WO2023164989 A1 WO 2023164989A1 CN 2022085303 W CN2022085303 W CN 2022085303W WO 2023164989 A1 WO2023164989 A1 WO 2023164989A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guide rail
wheel
shaft
fall
locking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/085303
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余铁辉
田云峰
Original Assignee
中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023164989A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164989A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B35/00—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/26—Positively-acting devices, e.g. latches, knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F11/00—Lifting devices specially adapted for particular uses not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F17/00—Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of working at heights, in particular to a lifting device.
  • the lifting equipment includes guide rails for personnel fall arresters and guide rails for climbers.
  • the two guide rails take up a lot of space, are not only inconvenient to use, but also expensive. Moreover, in order to install the two guide rails, at least one of the guide rails must not be in the best position.
  • At least one of the fall arrester and the car body fall arrester of the climbing avoidance device may not be locked in time, so that the most reliable protection for the operator cannot be formed.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a lifting device, including: guide rails;
  • the climbing avoidance device is suitable for lifting along the guide rail, the climbing avoiding device includes a car body and a first fall arrester, the first fall arrester is installed between the car body and the guide rail, and the The first fall arrester is suitable for locking on the guide rail when the car body loses weight;
  • the second fall arrester is adapted to be installed between the guide rail and the operator on the vehicle body, and the second fall arrester is suitable for connecting with the climbing avoidance device when the operator on the vehicle body loses weight Locks to the same rail as described.
  • the guide rail includes a first side wall and a third side wall disposed opposite to each other, and a second side wall connecting the first side wall and the third side wall, the A closing groove is formed between the first side wall, the second side wall and the third side wall, and the closing groove is used for installing the first fall arrester and the second fall arrester.
  • the guide rail further includes a connecting portion, and positioning holes are provided on the connecting portion, the positioning holes of the adjacent sections of the guide rail correspond to each other, and the two ends of the connecting shaft are respectively connected to adjacent sections.
  • the positioning holes of the guide rails of each segment are fixedly connected to the guide rails of adjacent segments.
  • the connecting portion includes bosses respectively formed on the first side wall and the third side wall, the bosses extend along the length direction of the guide rail, and
  • the vehicle body includes a guide groove that forms a guide fit with the boss.
  • the spaces between the first side walls of the adjacent sections of the guide rails and the spaces between the third side walls of the adjacent sections of the guide rails are fixed by bridging pieces.
  • the second side wall is formed with a locking hole, and the first safety device and the second safety device are locked in the locking hole.
  • the first anti-fall device includes a first anti-fall assembly
  • the first anti-fall assembly includes a speed measuring wheel, a centrifugal throwing block and a first cam
  • the centrifugal throwing block and the The speed measuring wheel is fixed and rotates with the speed measuring wheel
  • the centrifugal throwing block is configured such that when the speed of the speed measuring wheel is not less than the set speed, the centrifugal throwing block is opened and connected to the first cam to drive the first cam to rotate.
  • both the speed measuring wheel and the centrifugal throwing block are fixedly installed on the main shaft, and the speed measuring wheel drives the centrifugal throwing block to rotate through the main shaft; the first cam is fixedly installed on On the transmission shaft, when the centrifugal throwing block is opened, it is connected with the transmission shaft through a transmission sleeve.
  • the first anti-fall device further includes a second anti-fall assembly
  • the second anti-fall assembly includes a first lock member hinged on the vehicle body, and the When the vehicle body is running normally, the first locking piece compresses the return spring, and when the vehicle body moves in weightlessness, the return spring ejects the first locking piece and locks the first locking piece on the guide rail.
  • the second safety device includes:
  • the main body is fixed, mounted to the guide rail through a first wheel assembly and moves along the guide rail, and the first wheel assembly includes a wheel shaft;
  • a locking piece installed on the fixed body and switched between a locked position and a free position
  • the first trigger mechanism is installed on the fixed body, the first trigger mechanism includes a transmission part and a drive part, the transmission part is used to be installed on the wheel shaft and rotate with the wheel shaft, and the transmission part changes with the centrifugal force Switching between a first position and a second position, in which the transmission member is disengaged from the drive member, in the second position the transmission member transmits the rotation of the axle to the drive member, The rotation of the driving member drives the locking member to move to the locking position.
  • the second safety device further includes:
  • the second trigger mechanism is installed on the fixed body and includes a swing rod, the swing rod is switched between a reset position and a force-bearing position, and in the reset position, the swing rod drives the locking member to move to the lock position described above.
  • the swing rod includes a trigger end and a free end, the trigger end is connected to the fixed body through a second elastic member, and the second elastic member is in an original state at the reset position , the second elastic member is compressed at the stressed position; a connecting hole is formed at the free end, and the connecting hole is used for connecting to an operator on the vehicle body.
  • the second safety device further includes:
  • a first wheel assembly mounted on the fixed body, for rolling along the guide rail;
  • a second wheel assembly installed on the fixed body, for rolling along the inner support surface of the guide rail, the second wheel assembly includes a second wheel pair, the second wheel pair is connected to the main rotating shaft, The main rotating shaft is connected to the main rotating member;
  • a third wheel assembly installed on the fixed body, for rolling along the inner support surface of the guide rail, the third wheel assembly includes a third wheel pair, and the third wheel pair is connected to the secondary rotating shaft;
  • a linkage is provided between the main rotation shaft and the slave rotation shaft.
  • the vehicle body includes a pedal, and the pedal is provided with a load detection component, and the load detection component controls start and stop of the vehicle body based on a load change on the pedal.
  • the load detection component controls the vehicle body to stop based on the load on the pedal being greater than a first set load or based on the load on the pedal being less than a second set load, Wherein, the first set load is greater than the second set load.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lifting device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the guide rail of the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is the second structural schematic diagram of the guide rail of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is the third structural schematic diagram of the guide rail of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is one of the schematic diagrams of the connection relationship between the multi-section guide rails in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is the second schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the multi-section guide rails in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship between the second fall arrester and the guide rail according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship between the climbing avoidance device and the guide rail according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a first anti-drop assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a spindle of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission sleeve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a first fall arrester according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the first fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 14 is one of the installation schematic diagrams of the second anti-drop assembly of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 15 is the second installation schematic diagram of the second anti-drop component of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 16 is one of the installation schematic diagrams of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 17 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 18 is the second structural schematic diagram of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 19 is the third structural schematic diagram of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 20 is the second installation schematic diagram of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 21 is one of the partial structural schematic diagrams of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 22 is the second schematic diagram of the partial structure of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 23 is the third schematic diagram of the partial structure of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 24 is the fourth schematic diagram of the partial structure of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 25 is the fifth schematic diagram of the partial structure of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 26 is the sixth schematic diagram of the partial structure of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 27 is the seventh schematic diagram of the partial structure of the second fall arrester according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of the main rotating shaft of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the lifting equipment according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to buildings such as wind towers, power towers, and chimneys.
  • the guide rail of the lifting equipment is installed on the ladder of the wind turbine tower, and the climber moves up and down along the guide rail, and then can transport workers or items to a specific position of the wind tower.
  • the lifting equipment includes a guide rail 006 and a climber 1005 lifting along the guide rail 006 .
  • the climbing avoidance device 1005 includes a vehicle body 1051 and a first fall arrester 200 .
  • the car body 1051 can be used to transport workers or articles
  • the first fall arrester 200 is installed between the car body 1051 and the guide rail 006, and the first fall arrester 200 is used to lock the car body 1051 when the car body 1051 loses weight on rail 006.
  • “the vehicle body 1051 loses weight” refers to all situations in which the vehicle body 1051 does not run at a normal speed or does not stop normally. The principle of locking the first fall arrester 200 to the guide rail 006 when the vehicle body 1051 loses weight will be described in detail later.
  • the lifting device further includes a second fall arrester 1009 installed between the guide rail 006 and the operator.
  • the second anti-fall device 1009 is hung on the operator's chest, of course, the second anti-fall device 1009 can also be hung on other parts of the operator.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 is lifted upward by the operator, and the second fall arrester 1009 can move along the guide rail 006 normally.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 is no longer subjected to the force of upward lifting, and at this time the second fall arrester 1009 is locked on the guide rail 006 .
  • the principle of locking the first fall arrester 200 on the guide rail 006 when the vehicle body 1051 is weightless will be described in detail later.
  • the first fall arrester 200 for the climber 1005 and the second fall arrester 1009 for personnel are installed on the same guide rail 006, and the guide rail 006 can be installed at the most suitable position
  • the first fall arrester 200 and the second fall arrester 1009 can realize synchronous and fast locking to ensure the safety of workers.
  • the first safety device 200 and the second safety device 1009 use the same guide rail 006, the occupied space is small, and the preparation cost of the lifting equipment is reduced.
  • the locking distance of the lifting device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is less than 200 mm, thereby reliably ensuring the safety of the workers.
  • the second safety device 1009 is located above the first safety device 200, thereby ensuring that when the operator stands on the vehicle body 1051, the second safety device 1009 is hung on the operator's chest .
  • a guide rail 006 is installed on a ladder 1002 .
  • the lifting equipment also includes a top wheel 1001 and a tensioning device 1008 installed on the ladder 1002 .
  • a traction rope 1004 is wound between the top wheel 1001 and the tensioning device 1008, and the traction rope 1004 is connected to the vehicle body 1051 of the climbing avoidance device 1005 to drive the vehicle body 1051 to rise or fall.
  • an electric control box 1007 is installed on the ladder 1002 for controlling the driving part 1006 of the lifting device, and the driving part 1006 controls the climb avoidance device 1005 to lift or stop based on the signal of the electric control box 1007 .
  • the lifting device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, its guide rail 006 includes a first side wall 0061 and a third side wall 0063 which are oppositely arranged, and a connection between the first side wall 0061 and the third side wall 0063 A closing groove 0064 is formed between the second side wall 0062 , the first side wall 0061 , the second side wall 0062 and the third side wall 0063 .
  • the guide rail 006 is formed with the closing groove 0064, the first safety device 200 and the second safety device 1009 can prevent falling off when installed in the closing groove 0064.
  • the guide rail 006 further includes a connecting portion 0065, and a positioning hole 00651 is provided on the connecting portion 0065. Connect the positioning holes 00651 of the adjacent guide rails 006 to fixedly connect the adjacent guide rails 006.
  • the setting of the positioning hole 00651 can ensure the alignment between adjacent guide rails 006, prevent misalignment of the guide rails 006 during installation, and prevent the climber 1005 from being stuck on the guide rails 006 during the operation of the lifting equipment.
  • the connecting part 0065 includes bosses formed on the first side wall 0061 and the third side wall 0063 respectively.
  • the positioning hole 00651 of the boss realizes double positioning, which can ensure the alignment between the multi-section guide rails 006 to the greatest extent.
  • the connecting portion 0065 is not limited by the drawings, for example, the connecting portion 0065 can also be formed on the third side wall 0063, and the number of the connecting portion 0065 can be one, three or more than three.
  • the boss extends along the length direction of the guide rail 006, and the vehicle body 1051 includes a guide groove (not shown in the figure) that forms a guiding fit with the boss.
  • a guide groove (not shown in the figure) that forms a guiding fit with the boss.
  • reinforcing ribs 0067 are provided between the first side wall 0061 and the second side wall 0062 , and between the third side wall 0063 and the second side wall 0062 to ensure the structural strength of the guide rail 006 .
  • the second side wall 0062 of the guide rail 006 is formed with a locking hole 0302, and then when a fall occurs, the first fall arrester 200 and the second fall arrester 1009 are locked in the locking hole 0302.
  • the first fall arrester 200 includes a first fall arrester assembly 004 (see FIGS. 12 and 13 ).
  • the first anti-drop assembly 004 includes a speed measuring wheel 17, a centrifugal throwing block 19 and a first cam 008, the centrifugal throwing block 19 is fixed with the speed measuring wheel 17 and rotates with the speed measuring wheel 17, and the centrifugal throwing block 19 is configured such that: when the rotational speed of the speed measuring wheel 17 is not less than the set rotational speed, the centrifugal throwing block 19 is opened and connected to the first cam 008 to drive the first cam 008 to rotate.
  • the connection between the centrifugal throwing block 19 and the first cam 008 can be a direct connection or an indirect connection.
  • the speed measuring wheel 17 and the centrifugal throwing block 19 are both fixedly installed on the main shaft 21 , and the speed measuring wheel 17 drives the centrifugal throwing block 19 to rotate through the main shaft 21 .
  • the centrifugal throwing block 19 can be directly connected to the speed measuring wheel 17 through the centrifugal spring 2000 in addition to being fixed to the speed measuring wheel 17 through the main shaft 21, or can also be connected to the speed measuring wheel 17 by any known method in the prior art.
  • the first cam 008 is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft 23, and the centrifugal throwing block 19 is connected with the transmission shaft 23 through the transmission sleeve 22 when opened.
  • the centrifugal throwing block 19 can drive the transmission shaft 23 to rotate through the transmission sleeve 22, and then drive the first cam 008 to perform braking.
  • the centrifugal throwing block 19 and the transmission shaft 23 are not necessarily connected through the transmission sleeve 22 . Any connection mode that can realize the transmission between the centrifugal throwing block 19 and the transmission shaft 23 can be applied between the centrifugal throwing block 19 and the transmission shaft 23 .
  • the first cam 008 is not necessarily connected to the transmission shaft 23 .
  • the centrifugal throwing block 19 can also be directly connected to the first cam 008, that is, when the centrifugal throwing block 19 is opened, it directly contacts the first cam 008 and drives the first cam 008 to rotate.
  • the main shaft 21 of this embodiment is radially provided with a first through hole 27 , and after the centrifugal spring 2000 passes through the first through hole 27 , a centrifugal throwing block 19 is respectively fixed at both ends.
  • the centrifugal throwing blocks 19 hold the main shaft 21 tightly under the action of the centrifugal spring 2000 .
  • the centrifugal throwing blocks 19 are opened under centrifugal force.
  • the centrifugal throwing block 19 can be but not necessarily fixed with the centrifugal spring 2000 through the fixed shaft 6 . Since the two centrifugal throwing blocks 19 are connected by a centrifugal spring 2000, it can not only simplify the structure, but also ensure the balance of force on the main shaft 21 and prevent the main shaft 21 from being eccentric.
  • a lug 16 may be formed on the main shaft 21 , and a second through hole 28 extending axially along the main shaft 21 is provided on the lug 16 .
  • the centrifugal throwing block 19 When the centrifugal throwing block 19 is connected to the centrifugal spring 2000 through the fixed shaft 6 , it can be further hinged with the lug 16 through the fixed shaft 6 .
  • clearance fit can be adopted between the fixed shaft 6 and the second through hole 28 , so that the centrifugal throwing block 19 can rotate around the second through hole 28 with the fixed shaft 6 as a rotating shaft.
  • the fixed shaft 6 here can be an elastic cylindrical pin.
  • the transmission shaft 23 is a cam half shaft, and the centrifugal throwing block 19 needs to drive the cam half shaft to rotate through the transmission sleeve 22 .
  • the end of the cam half shaft stretches out a connecting pin towards the transmission sleeve 22, and the transmission sleeve 22 is provided with a pin hole 29, and then the connection pin stretches into the pin hole 29 on the transmission sleeve 22.
  • a plurality of connecting pins are evenly distributed on the end of the transmission shaft 23, for example, there are four connecting pins.
  • the connection mode between the cam half shaft and the transmission sleeve 22 is not limited by the example here, as long as the transmission sleeve 22 can drive the cam half shaft to rotate.
  • the first anti-drop assembly 004 of this embodiment further includes a fixed baffle (not shown in the figures) and a bearing seat 24 .
  • the fixed baffle includes two supporting side plates 9 parallel to each other, and a top plate 15 for connecting the two supporting side plates 9;
  • the bearing seat 24 is installed between the supporting side plates 9 and the top plate 15, including the first bearing seat 24 and the second bearing seat 24, the first bearing seat 24 is used to fix the bearing 11 of the main shaft 21, and the second bearing seat 24 is used to fix the bearing 11 of the transmission shaft 23;
  • the tachometer wheel 17 and the first cam 008 are respectively located on two supports The outside of side plate 9.
  • fasteners 500 between the two supporting side plates 9 and between the top plate 15 and the supporting side plates 9 are fixedly connected by fasteners 500 .
  • the fastener 500 may employ screws.
  • the fastener 500 may also be used to install the first anti-drop component 004 of this embodiment on the lifting equipment mentioned below.
  • the limit assembly further includes a limit screw 26, which can cooperate with the first cam 008 and prevent the first cam 008 from further rotation.
  • the fixed baffle can not only isolate and protect the transmission member 108 (including the main shaft 21, the transmission shaft 23, the centrifugal throwing block 19 and the transmission sleeve 22, etc.) located inside it, but also can fix the main shaft by installing the shaft 0108 bearing 11 seats. 21 and transmission shaft 23.
  • the speed measuring wheel 17 is connected with the main shaft 21 through the elastic circlip 18 for the shaft. That is, the circlip 18 for the shaft is provided outside the speed measuring wheel 17 , and the circlip 18 for the shaft is clamped on the main shaft 21 .
  • the transmission shaft 23 is connected to the top plate 15 through the return spring 12 . Furthermore, automatic reset of the first cam 008 can be realized through the return spring 12 .
  • the first end of the return spring 12 can be fixed on the top plate 15 through a fixing screw 0713, and the second end of the return spring 12 can be directly fixed with the outer peripheral surface of the cam half shaft.
  • the bottom end of the bearing seat 24 is installed on the supporting side plate 9 through the cushion block 25, so as to ensure the installation reliability of the bearing seat 24.
  • the top end of the bearing seat 24 is elastically connected to the top plate 15 through an elastic member.
  • the installation position of the bearing seat 24 can be adjusted through the elastic member, so as to realize the position adjustment of the speed measuring wheel 17 .
  • the position of the bearing seat 24 is adjusted so that the speed measuring wheel 17 always reliably moves along the guide rail 006 .
  • a compression spring 1000 may be connected to the top of the bearing seat 24 , a first adjusting screw 14 protruding toward the compression spring 1000 is fixed on the top plate 15 , and the first adjusting screw 14 at least partially extends into the compression spring 1000 .
  • the compression spring 1000 and the first adjustment screw 14 here constitute the elastic member between the above bearing seat 24 and the top plate 15 .
  • the compression spring 1000 can be compressed or released by the first adjusting screw 14 , so as to adjust the position of the bearing seat 24 .
  • FIG. 12 Please refer to FIG. 12 for the first anti-fall assembly 004 of this embodiment, and please refer to FIG. 13 for the installation of the first anti-fall assembly 004 .
  • the installation of the first anti-fall assembly 004 meets: the speed measuring wheel 17 rolls along the guide rail 006, and when the centrifugal throwing block 19 is opened, the first cam 008 rotates and presses the guide rail 006.
  • the lifting equipment of this embodiment since the first anti-falling component is directly installed on its free-climbing device, the running of the non-climbing device is stopped immediately after exceeding the safe speed, so the lifting device of this embodiment is safe and reliable, and can reduce the When the traction rope 1004 is used for stall control, it will not face the danger of tilting when the climbing avoidance device is locked, reducing the impact damage to the lifting equipment.
  • the first fall arrester 200 also includes a second fall arrester assembly 2i.
  • the second anti-fall assembly 2i includes a first locking member 2i-4 hinged on the vehicle body 1051, and when the vehicle body 1051 is in normal operation, the first locking member 2i-4 compresses the return spring 2i-2, when the vehicle body 1051 stalls, the return spring 2i-2 ejects the first locking member 2i-4, and makes the first locking member 2i-4 embed into the locking hole 0302 of the guide rail 006 .
  • the first locking member 2i-4 is installed on the safety protection main body 2i-1 through the hinge shaft 2i-3, and the second anti-drop component 2i is installed on the safety protection body 2i-1 by one end of the return spring 2i-2.
  • the other end is installed on the first locking part 2i-4, which generates a certain elastic force on the first locking part 2i-4, and the roller of the second anti-drop component 2i is installed on the safety protective main body 2i -1, ensure that the second anti-fall component 2i can slide along the guide rail 006 smoothly.
  • the second anti-falling assembly 2i moves together with the car body 1051.
  • the car body 1051 is The supporting force of the first locking piece 2i-4 disappears, and the first locking piece 2i-4 of the second anti-drop assembly 2i is due to the elastic force of the return spring 2i-2, so that the left end of the first locking piece 2i-4 Press down and the right end of the first locking member 2i-4 is locked in the locking hole 0302 of the guide rail 006, thereby realizing the falling locking of the car body 1051 and ensuring the safety of life and property of equipment and personnel.
  • the vehicle body 1051 can be locked to the guide rail 006 when the vehicle body 1051 loses weight.
  • the lifting device further includes a second fall arrester 1009 .
  • the second fall arrester 1009 includes a fixed body 5 , a second locking member 3 and a first trigger mechanism 1 .
  • the fixed main body 5 is used to be installed on the guide rail 006 through the first wheel body assembly 10 including the wheel shaft 106;
  • the second locking member 3 is installed on the fixed main body 5, and switches between a locked position and a free position.
  • the first trigger mechanism 1 is installed on the fixed main body 5, and the first trigger mechanism 1 includes a transmission part 108 and a driving part.
  • the transmission part 108 is used to be installed on the wheel shaft 106 and rotates with the wheel shaft 106.
  • the wheel shaft 106 rotates, so it is subject to the action of centrifugal force) and changes between the first position and the second position.
  • the transmission member 108 In the first position, the transmission member 108 is disengaged from the driving member.
  • the transmission member 108 In the second position, the transmission member 108 transmits the rotation of the wheel shaft 106 to the driving member, driving The rotation of the part drives the second locking part 3 to move to the locked position.
  • the transmission part 108 of the first trigger mechanism 1 is installed on the wheel shaft 106 , and the transmission part 108 rotates with the wheel shaft 106 , and the centrifugal force received by the transmission part 108 is also different when the rotation speed of the transmission part 108 is different.
  • the transmission member 108 is moved to the second position by the centrifugal force, and transmits the rotation of the axle 106 to the driving member, and the driving member drives the second locking member 3 to move to the locking position.
  • the second safety device 1009 realizes automatic locking of the second safety device 1009 by monitoring the rotation speed of the wheel shaft 106 .
  • the wheel shaft 106 when an operator accidentally falls, the wheel shaft 106 will have a higher rotational speed, and then the transmission member 108 will move towards the driving part under the action of centrifugal force, and the wheel shaft 106 drives the driving part to move together, thus driving the second locking part 3 Move to the locked position to ensure safe use.
  • the situation that “the transmission member 108 is installed on the wheel shaft 106 ” refers to the situation that the transmission member 108 can rotate with the wheel shaft 106 .
  • an opening may be provided in the axle 106 , and the transmission member 108 may be at least partially disposed in the opening; for another example, the transmission member 108 may be installed on the outer surface of the axle 106 .
  • the transmission member 108 is mounted on the wheel shaft 106 through the first elastic member, the first elastic member is in an original state at the first position, and the first elastic member is stretched at the second position.
  • the transmission member 108 is a trigger block, and multiple trigger blocks are connected by a first elastic member (first spring 111 ).
  • first elastic member first spring 111
  • the driving part is a driving cam
  • the trigger block is arranged in the driving cam
  • the trigger block forms a limiting part.
  • the limiting part cooperates with the inner surface of the driving cam.
  • the second locking member 3 is a locking block.
  • the locking block is formed with a first trigger surface 302 of the locking block.
  • the driving cam is formed with a cam triggering surface, and then drives the cam.
  • the cam trigger surface acts on the first trigger surface 302 of the lock block to drive the lock block to rotate.
  • the locking block is formed with a positioning surface 303, and then when the locking block moves to the locked position, the positioning surface 303 of the locking block and the second limiting surface 502 on the fixed body 5 (the first limiting surface 501 will be described later in the second 2) Coordination will be mentioned when the trigger mechanism 2).
  • the number of transmission elements 108 is two, and the first elastic element between the two transmission elements 108 is the first spring 111 .
  • the first spring 111 is in the original state.
  • one end of the first spring 111 is connected to one of the transmission members 108, and the other end is connected to another transmission member 108, and the two transmission members 108 are all installed on the outside of the wheel shaft 106. surface.
  • the rotation speed of the wheel shaft 106 exceeds the set speed
  • the two transmission members 108 tend to move away from the axis of the wheel shaft 106 due to centrifugal force, and the first spring 111 is stretched.
  • the transmission member 108 moves to the second position, a limiting fit is formed between the transmission member 108 and the inner surface of the driving cam, and then the wheel shaft 106 transmits the motion to the driving cam through the transmission member 108 .
  • the runner 101 of the first wheel pair is mounted on the wheel shaft 106 through the first pin shaft 107
  • the transmission member 108 is mounted on the wheel shaft 106 through the second pin shaft 110
  • the driving cam passes through the support plate 104 and
  • the sliding mounting seat 102 is installed on the wheel shaft 106
  • the sliding mounting seat 102 at one end of the wheel shaft 106 is installed on the fixed seat 109 and then installed on the first mounting hole 503 of the fixed main body 5
  • the sliding mounting seat 102 at the other end of the wheel shaft 106 is installed on the fixed seat 109. on the second mounting hole 504 of the main body 5 .
  • the transmission part 108 can also be a transmission shaft installed on the wheel shaft 106.
  • the transmission shaft moves towards the driving part under the action of centrifugal force, and the transmission shaft and the driving part are limitedly matched, and then The purpose of transmitting the rotation of the wheel shaft 106 to the driving member is achieved.
  • the transmission member 108 may also be a transmission block, and the number of transmission blocks is two, as shown in FIG. 21 and FIG. 23 .
  • the shape and number of the transmission blocks may not be limited by the drawings, for example, the number of transmission blocks may also be one, three or any number of blocks.
  • the driving member does not have to be a driving cam, as long as the transmission member 108 can follow the rotation of the wheel shaft 106 and drive the second locking member 3 to move to the locking position when the transmission member 108 is in the second position.
  • the second locking member 3 does not have to be in the form of a locking block, as long as it can be switched between the locked position and the free position, and can be used to lock the second fall arrester 1009 when it moves to the locked position. Just lock it on the guide rail 006.
  • the second safety device 1009 further includes a second trigger mechanism 2 .
  • the second trigger mechanism 2 is installed on the fixed body 5, and includes a swing rod 20, which switches between a reset position and a stressed position. In the reset position, the swing rod 20 drives the second locking member 3 to move to the locked position.
  • the swing rod 20 is directly or indirectly hung on the operator under the gravity of the second fall arrester 1009 , and at this time the swing rod 20 does not exert force on the second locking member 3 .
  • the gravitational effect acting on the swing rod 20 disappears.
  • the swing rod 20 will apply a force to the second locking member 3, and a limit stop is formed between the swing rod 20 and the first limiting surface 501 of the fixed body 5.
  • the swing lever 20 triggers to act on the second trigger surface 301 of the locking block, so that the second locking member 3 moves to the locking position.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 having the above-mentioned first trigger mechanism 1 and second trigger mechanism 2 , the two sets of trigger mechanisms work independently without interfering with each other, ensuring the safety and reliability of the second fall arrester 1009 .
  • the swing rod 20 includes a trigger end and a free end, the trigger end is connected to the fixed body 5 through the second elastic member, the second elastic member is in the original state at the reset position, and the second elastic member is compressed at the stressed position .
  • connection hole 201 is formed at the free end, and the connection hole 201 is used to connect the buffer device 0011; the second locking member 3 is a lock block, and a lock block that cooperates with the trigger end is formed on the lock block.
  • Surface 301 is formed at the free end, and the connection hole 201 is used to connect the buffer device 0011; the second locking member 3 is a lock block, and a lock block that cooperates with the trigger end is formed on the lock block.
  • an action surface 202 is formed at the trigger end of the swing rod 20 , and one end of the second elastic member is connected to the fixed body 5 , and the other end is connected to the action surface 202 .
  • the swing rod 20 is lifted up by the gravity of the second fall arrester 1009 to lift the free end of the swing rod 20.
  • the active surface 202 compresses the second elastic member, and the trigger end and the second locking member 3 are independent of each other.
  • the swing rod 20 is no longer subjected to the gravity of the second fall arrester 1009, and the second elastic member in a compressed state will exert force on the swing rod 20 so that the swing rod 20 rotates clockwise , and drive the second locking member 3 to rotate clockwise to the locking position.
  • the second elastic member is the second spring 7 .
  • all the elastic members including the second elastic member in the present application are not limited to the structural form of the spring, and other structures with deformation and reset functions may also be used.
  • the second locking member 3 is connected to the fixing body 5 through a fourth elastic member, and the fourth elastic member may be but not limited to a fourth spring 06 .
  • the second locking member 3 is connected to the fixed body 5 through the fourth spring 06.
  • the fourth spring 06 When the fourth spring 06 is in the original state, the second locking member 3 is in the free position, where the free position is the relative locking position In other words, that is, when the second locking member 3 is in the free position, it will not affect the movement of the second safety device 1009 .
  • the second locking member 3 is driven by the driving cam or the swing rod 20 , the second locking member 3 moves to the locking position, and at this time the second locking member 3 compresses the fourth spring 06 .
  • Both the second locking member 3 and the swing rod 20 are mounted on the fixed body 5 through the mandrel 4 , and then the second locking member 3 and the swing rod 20 respectively rotate around the mandrel 4 as a central axis.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 also includes a first wheel assembly 10 .
  • the first wheel assembly 10 is mounted on the fixed body 5 for rolling along the outer supporting surface 00603 of the guide rail 006 (the possibility of the first wheel assembly 10 rolling along other positions of the guide rail 006 is not excluded), the first The wheel body assembly 10 includes a first wheel set, and the first wheel set includes the aforementioned wheel shaft 106 and the runner 101 installed on the wheel shaft 106 .
  • the running wheel 101 is in real-time contact with the outer support surface 00603 to monitor the running speed.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 is locked by the second lock block support surface 304 of the second locking member 3 contacting the support surface of the guide rail 006 to realize the locking of the second fall arrester 1009 .
  • the second fall arrester 1009 in the embodiment of the present disclosure has the above-mentioned second fall arrester 1009 , so it can ensure the safety of the constructor in the event of a fall.
  • the axle 106 is installed on the fixed body 5 through the sliding mount 102, the sliding mount 102 is connected to the fixed body 5 through the third elastic member, the fixed body 5 is provided with threaded fasteners, and the threaded fasteners are used for adjusting
  • the state of the third elastic member the state of the third elastic member changes when the specific threaded fastener rotates, and then drives the sliding mounting seat 102 to slide, and when the sliding mounting seat 102 slides, the wheel shaft 106 is driven to approach or keep away.
  • the mounting surface of the fixing body 5 refers to the surface of the fixing body 5 facing the outer supporting surface 00603 .
  • the wheel shaft 106 is close to the mounting surface of the fixed body 5, which will make the runner 101 on the wheel shaft 106 closer to the outer support surface 00603 of the guide rail 006 when the fixed body 5 is installed on the guide rail 006; It can ensure that the running wheel 101 on the wheel shaft 106 and the outer supporting surface 00603 of the guide rail 006 do not interfere with each other when the fixed main body 5 is installed on the guide rail 006 .
  • the threaded fastener is the second adjustment screw 8
  • the third elastic member is the third spring 103 with an adjustment function.
  • the second adjustment screw 8 is installed on the fixed main body 5, and the third spring 103 is compressed by the second adjustment screw 8 to adjust the position of the wheel shaft 106, so that the runner 101 of the first wheel pair is in contact with the guide rail 006 in real time, and the first wheel pair rotates When the wheel shaft 106 rotates, it drives the transmission member 108 to rotate.
  • the transmission member 108 moves toward the second cam 105 and forms a limit fit with the inner surface of the second cam 105, so that The axle 106 drives the second cam 105 to rotate through the transmission member 108, and the rotation of the second cam 105 can drive the second locking member 3 to move to the locking position.
  • the second cam 105 Trigger the second locking member 3 to move to the locked position, and then lock the second fall arrester 1009 on the guide rail 006 .
  • the second safety device 1009 further includes a second wheel assembly 01 and a third wheel assembly 02 .
  • the second wheel assembly 01 is installed on the fixed main body 5 for rolling along the inner supporting surface 00604 of the guide rail 006, the second wheel assembly 01 includes a second wheel pair, the second wheel pair is connected to the main rotating shaft 0102, the main The rotating shaft 0102 is connected to the main rotating member 0103 .
  • the third wheel body assembly 02 is mounted on the fixed body 5 for rolling along the inner support surface 00604 of the guide rail 006 , the third wheel body assembly 02 includes a third wheel pair, and the third wheel pair is connected to the secondary rotating shaft 0201 .
  • a linkage is provided between the main rotation shaft 0102 and the slave rotation shaft 0201 .
  • the main rotating member 0103 when the main rotating member 0103 is rotated, the main rotating member 0103 will drive the main rotating shaft 0102 to rotate, and then drive the second wheel set to rotate as a whole. Once the main rotating shaft 0102 rotates, it will drive the secondary rotating shaft 0201 to rotate through the linkage, and then drive the third wheel pair to rotate.
  • the main rotation member 0103 needs to be rotated to change the second anti-fall device 1009 from the state in FIG. 26 to the state in FIG. 25, so as to facilitate the second anti-fall device device 1009 is installed.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 when the second fall arrester 1009 is disassembled, only the main rotating part 0103 needs to be rotated.
  • the main rotating part 0103 is connected to the main rotating shaft 0102 through the first pin 0104; 0201 is connected to the linkage plate 03 through the third pin 0202, and the guide limit wheel 08 of the linkage plate 03 is arranged on the fixed body 5, and the guide limit wheel 08 is used to limit the lateral movement of the linkage plate 03 and make the linkage plate 03 move along the longitudinal direction .
  • the longitudinal direction in “the guide limit wheel 08 is used to limit the lateral movement of the linkage plate 03 and make the linkage plate 03 move along the longitudinal direction” refers to the extension direction of the guide rail 006, and the transverse direction is the width direction of the guide rail 006, that is, The direction perpendicular to the portrait.
  • the second pin 0105 also rotates.
  • the linkage plate 03 only moves along the longitudinal direction, the second pin 0105 drives the linkage plate 03 to move longitudinally, and at the same time, it must move laterally relative to the linkage plate 03.
  • an active hole 0303 extending along the transverse direction is formed on the linkage plate 03
  • one end of the second pin 0105 is installed on the main rotating shaft 0102
  • the other end is located in the active hole 0303 and connected to the linkage plate 03 through the active hole 0303
  • a driven hole 0301 extending in the transverse direction is formed on the linkage plate 03
  • the third pin 0202 is connected to the linkage plate 03 through the driven hole 0301 .
  • the number of guide limiting wheels 08 is four, and they are installed on the fixed body 5 through fixing screws 0713. The cooperation ensures that the linkage plate 03 moves along the longitudinal direction.
  • the guiding and limiting wheels 08 are not necessary structures, and if the guiding and limiting wheels 08 are provided, their number and distribution positions can also be adjusted as required.
  • the linkage plate 03 is provided with an L-shaped locking hole 0302, the locking hole 0302 includes a transverse hole segment and a longitudinal hole segment, and the fixed body 5 is provided with a fourth hole that can move along the transverse hole segment.
  • the pin 0403 and the fourth pin 0403 are located in the transverse hole section, the linkage plate 03 is locked, and the fourth pin 0403 is located in the longitudinal hole section, and the linkage plate 03 can move longitudinally.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 includes an unlocking assembly 04
  • the unlocking assembly 04 includes the above-mentioned fourth pin 0403, and also includes a sliding shaft 0401 and a sixth spring 0402, passing through the fixed body through the fourth pin 0403
  • the sliding hole 0602 on the 5 is connected to the sliding shaft 0401, and the sixth spring 0402 can be compressed by pressing the sliding shaft 0401, so that the fourth pin 0403 moves to the longitudinal hole section of the locking hole 0302, at this time, rotating the main rotating member 0103 can drive Linkage plate 03 lifts.
  • the linkage plate 03 cannot be lifted up and down at this moment, and then the main rotating member 0103 cannot be rotated.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 includes a limit mechanism, which is used to limit the rotation of the main rotation shaft 0102 between two extreme positions, and the main rotation axis 0102 is arranged longitudinally in one of the limit positions. Another extreme position main rotation axis 0102 is arranged laterally.
  • “longitudinal” and “transverse” also refer to the extending direction of the guide rail 006 and the width direction of the guide rail 006, respectively.
  • FIG. 25 for the shape of the second safety device 1009 at this time, and the disassembly and assembly of the second safety device 1009 can be facilitated at this time.
  • the second anti-fall device 1009 can be fixed on the guide rail 006 to prevent the second anti-fall device 1009 from the guide rail 006. break away.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 further includes a cover plate 05 of the linkage plate 03 , and a limiting hole is provided on the cover plate 05 , and the second pin 0105 rotates in the limiting hole.
  • the above-mentioned limiting mechanism is formed between the limiting hole and the second pin 0105.
  • the limiting hole is configured such that when the main rotating shaft 0102 rotates to the limit position, the second pin 0105 is limitedly engaged with the inner wall of the limiting hole, and the rotating angle of the main rotating shaft 0102 is not greater than 90 degrees. .
  • the limiting mechanism can also adopt other structural forms, as long as the limiting requirement for the main rotating shaft 0102 is met.
  • the second wheel body assembly 01 also includes a slider 0101, which is fixed to the main rotating shaft 0102, and the slider 0101 is formed with a mounting groove for the second wheel set; 5; the main rotating shaft 0102 rotates to the limit position, and the slider 0101 cooperates with the protrusion on the fixed main body 5 in a limited position.
  • the rotation angle of the main rotating shaft 0102 is exactly 90 degrees.
  • the rotation angle of the main rotation axis 0102 is less than 90 degrees, the disassembly and assembly requirements of the second safety device 1009 can also be met, then the rotation angle of the main rotation axis 0102 can also be limited to a smaller value.
  • the rotation angle of the main rotation axis 0102 between the two limit positions may also be limited to be greater than ninety degrees.
  • the limiting hole includes a third limiting surface 0501 and a fourth limiting surface 0502, and then when the main rotating member 0103 is rotated, the main rotating shaft 0102 drives the second pin 0105 in the limiting hole Rotate, when the main rotation shaft 0102 rotates to the first limit position, the second pin 0105 contacts with the third limit surface 0501, when the main rotation shaft 0102 rotates to the second limit position, the second pin 0105 and The fourth limiting surface 0502 is in contact.
  • the second fall arrester 1009 can only switch between the two forms shown in Fig. 25 and Fig. 26 .
  • the fixed body 5 is provided with a first positioning slot 0601
  • the sliding pin 09 is provided in the first positioning slot 0601
  • the main rotating shaft 0102 is provided with a second positioning slot 01021 and a third positioning slot 01022 .
  • the first positioning groove 0601 corresponds to the second positioning groove 01021, so that the sliding pin 09 partially enters the second positioning groove 01021;
  • the first positioning groove 0601 corresponds to the third positioning groove 01022, so that the sliding pin 09 partially enters the third positioning groove 01022.
  • the sliding pin 09 When the second fall arrester 1009 is normally installed, the sliding pin 09 is located in the first positioning groove 0601 of the fixed body 5 under the action of gravity, and there is no connection relationship between the sliding pin 09 and the main rotating shaft 0102, and then There is no interference with the movement of the main rotational axis 0102.
  • the first positioning groove 0601 corresponds to the second positioning groove 01021 and the third positioning groove 01022 on the main shaft, and then the sliding pin 09 Partially enters the second positioning groove 01021 or the third positioning groove 01022 under the action of gravity. At this time, the sliding pin 09 can prevent the main rotation shaft 0102 from rotating, thereby preventing the installation of the second fall arrester 1009.
  • the fixed main body 5 is provided with a driven positioning hole 0603 and a driving positioning hole 0604.
  • the fifth spring 0106 with reset function is used to be installed between the fixed body 5 and the main rotation shaft 0102 , and is used to be installed between the fixed body 5 and the slave rotation shaft 0201 .
  • one end of the fifth spring 0106 is installed in the first reset hole 01023 on the main rotating shaft 0102, and the other end is installed in the active positioning hole 0604 on the fixed body 5 and the main rotating shaft 0102 Installed on the fixed main body 5.
  • one end of the fifth spring 0106 is installed in the second reset hole 02011 on the secondary rotating shaft 0201, and the other end is installed in the driven positioning hole 0603 on the fixed main body 0201 is installed on the fixed main body 5.
  • the slider 0101 is installed on the main rotating shaft 0102 through the installation shaft 0108 , and the roller 0107 and the positioning washer 0109 are installed on the installation shaft 0108 .
  • the slider 0101 is installed on the secondary rotating shaft 0201 through the installation shaft 0108 , and the roller 0107 and the positioning washer 0109 are installed on the installation shaft 0108 .
  • a fall arrest system including a guide rail 006 and a second fall arrester 1009 installed on the guide rail 006 .
  • the second fall arrester 1009 also includes a hook 009 and a buffer device 0011 .
  • the guide rail 006 includes a slide block channel 00601, a running limit surface 00602, an outer support surface 00603, an inner support surface 00604 and a support surface. Rotate the main rotating part 0103, so that the second fall arrester 1009 switches between the two states shown in Fig. 17 and Fig. 19 .
  • the second safety device 1009 can be installed on the guide rail 006 , or the second safety device 1009 can be removed from the guide rail 006 .
  • the second safety device 1009 is in the state of FIG.
  • the second safety device 1009 can be fixed in the guide rail 006 so that the slider 0101 is located in the slider channel 00601 and runs along the slider channel 00601 .
  • the fifth limit surface 505 on the fixed body 5 runs in the running limit surface 00602 and realizes the limit of the horizontal direction of the second fall arrester 1009 through it. bit.
  • the outer support surface 00603 is in contact with the roller 0107 installed on the top of the fixed body 5
  • the inner support surface 00604 is in contact with the roller 0107 installed on the running support slider 01012 .
  • the second fall arrester 1009 is locked, the outer support surface 00603 contacts the roller 0107 mounted on the bottom of the fixed main body 5, and the inner support surface 00604 contacts the roller 0107 installed on the locking support slider 01011.
  • four pairs of wheel assemblies are fixed on the fixed body 5 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, including the above-mentioned second wheel assembly 01 for rolling along the inner support surface 00604 of the guide rail 006 and the third wheel assembly 02 , in addition to including two pairs of wheel assemblies for rolling along the outer supporting surface 00603 of the guide rail 006 , and these four pairs of wheel assemblies respectively include at least one pair of rollers 0107 .
  • the above-mentioned fall prevention system through the first trigger mechanism 1 and the second trigger mechanism 2, triggers the second locking member 3 to prevent the second fall arrester 1009 from moving downward relative to the guide rail 006 abnormally, and moves from the trigger position to The locking position interacts with the guide rail 006 at the same time, one end of the buffer device 0011 is installed on the connecting hole 201 , and the other end is connected with the hook 009 .
  • the vehicle body 1051 includes a pedal 10511 on which a load detection component is disposed, and the load detection component controls the start and stop of the vehicle body 1051 based on the load change on the pedal 10511 .
  • the load detection component detects the load change, and the car body 1051 will stop immediately to ensure the safety of the operator.
  • the free-climbing device 1005 loses weight, the data detected by the load detection component also changes, and then the vehicle body 1051 is controlled to stop.
  • the load detection component controls the vehicle body 1051 to stop based on the load on the pedal 10511 being greater than a first set load or based on the load on the pedal 10511 being less than a second set load, wherein the first set load is greater than the second set load 2.
  • Set the load That is, when the load on the pedal 10511 is too large and the load is overweight, the vehicle body 1051 is controlled to stop, ensuring that the vehicle body 1051 cannot run under the overweight situation.
  • the load on the pedal 10511 is very small, that is, when it is determined that the load on the pedal 10511 is less than the set operator's weight, it means that there is a danger of personnel falling, and the vehicle body 1051 is controlled to stop.
  • “controlling the vehicle body 1051 to stop” includes the process of controlling the vehicle body 1051 to switch from motion to stop, and also includes controlling the stopped vehicle body 1051 to remain stopped and cannot be opened.

Abstract

一种升降设备，包括：导轨；免爬器，适于沿着导轨升降，免爬器包括车体和第一防坠器，第一防坠器安装于车体和导轨之间，且第一防坠器适于在车体失重时锁止于导轨；第二防坠器，适于安装至导轨和车体上的作业人员之间，且第二防坠器适于在车体上的作业人员失重时与免爬器锁止于相同导轨。其中，免爬器用的第一防坠器和人员用的第二防坠器安装于同一导轨，且可以将导轨安装于最合适的位置，一旦发生坠落，第一防坠器和第二防坠器可以实现同步且快速的锁止，保证作业人员的安全。

Description

升降设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年3月4日提交的申请号为202220463779.0，名称为“升降设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及高处作业技术领域，尤其涉及一种升降设备。
背景技术
目前，在风力发电、建筑等行业都需要高处作业，特别是风力发电领域，高空攀爬环境下作业及高空运输极为普遍。为了保证高处作业人员的施工安全，必须安装可靠的升降设备。
相关的技术中，升降设备包括人员防坠器用的导轨，以及免爬器用的导轨，两种导轨占用较大的空间，不仅使用不方便，而且价格成本高。并且，为了对两种导轨进行安装，必然会导致至少其中一种导轨并非处于最佳位置上。
另外，使用升降设备时一旦发生坠落，人员防坠器和免爬器的车体防坠器中至少一种可能存在无法及时锁止的现象，进而对作业人员无法形成最可靠的保护。
发明内容
本公开的一些实施例提供了一种升降设备，包括：导轨；
免爬器，适于沿着所述导轨升降，所述免爬器包括车体和第一防坠器，所述第一防坠器安装于所述车体和所述导轨之间，且所述第一防坠器适于在所述车体失重时锁止于所述导轨；
第二防坠器，适于安装至导轨和所述车体上的作业人员之间，且所述第二防坠器适于在所述车体上的作业人员失重时与所述免爬器锁止于相同所述导轨。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述导轨包括相对设置的第一侧壁和第三侧壁，以及连接所述第一侧壁和所述第三侧壁的第二侧壁，所述第一侧壁、第二侧壁和所述第三侧壁之间形成收口槽，所述收口槽用于安装所述第一防坠器和所述第二防坠器。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述导轨还包括连接部，所述连接部上设置有定位孔，相邻段所述导轨的所述定位孔对应，且连接轴两端分别连接相邻段所述导轨的所述定位孔，以固定连接相邻段所述导轨。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述连接部包括分别形成于所述第一侧壁和所述第三侧壁的凸台，所述凸台沿着所述导轨的长度方向延伸，且所述车体包括和所述凸台形成导向配合的导向槽。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，相邻段所述导轨的所述第一侧壁之间，以及相邻段所述导轨的所述第三侧壁之间，均通过搭接件固定。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述第二侧壁形成有锁止孔，所述第一防坠器和所述第二防坠器锁止于所述锁止孔。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述第一防坠器包括第一防坠组件，所述第一防坠组件包括测速轮、离心甩块和第一凸轮，所述离心甩块与所述测速轮固定并随着所述测速轮转动，且所述离心甩块被配置为：当所述测速轮的转速不小于设定转速时，所述离心甩块打开并连接所述第一凸轮以带动所述第一凸轮转动。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述测速轮和离心甩块均固定安装在主轴上，且所述测速轮通过所述主轴带动所述离心甩块转动；所述第一凸轮固定安装在传动轴上，所述离心甩块打开时通过传动套与所述传动轴连接。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述第一防坠器还包括第二防坠组件，所述第二防坠组件包括铰接在所述车体上的第一锁止件，且所述车体正常运行时，所述第一锁止件压缩复位弹簧，所述车体失重运动时，所述复位弹簧将所述第一锁止件弹出，并使得所述第一锁止件锁止于所述导轨。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述第二防坠器包括：
固定主体，通过第一轮体组件安装至所述导轨并沿所述导轨移动，所 述第一轮体组件包括轮轴；
锁止件，安装于所述固定主体，且在锁止位置和自由位置之间切换；
第一触发机构，安装于所述固定主体，所述第一触发机构包括传动件和驱动件，所述传动件用于安装至所述轮轴且随所述轮轴转动，所述传动件随离心力变化在第一位置和第二位置切换，在所述第一位置所述传动件与所述驱动件脱离，在所述第二位置所述传动件将所述轮轴的转动传递给所述驱动件，以使得所述驱动件转动带动所述锁止件运动至所述锁止位置。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述第二防坠器还包括：
第二触发机构，安装于所述固定主体，包括摆杆，所述摆杆在复位位置和受力位置之间切换，在所述复位位置，所述摆杆驱动所述锁止件运动至所述锁止位置。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述摆杆包括触发端和自由端，所述触发端通过第二弹性件连接所述固定主体，在所述复位位置所述第二弹性件处于原始状态，在所述受力位置所述第二弹性件被压缩；所述自由端形成有连接孔，所述连接孔用于连接至所述车体上的作业人员。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述第二防坠器还包括：
第一轮体组件，安装于所述固定主体，用于沿着所述导轨滚动；
第二轮体组件，安装于所述固定主体，用于沿着所述导轨的内支撑面滚动，所述第二轮体组件包括第二轮对，所述第二轮对连接主旋转轴，所述主旋转轴连接主旋件；
第三轮体组件，安装于所述固定主体，用于沿着所述导轨的内支撑面滚动，所述第三轮体组件包括第三轮对，所述第三轮对连接从旋转轴；
所述主旋转轴和所述从旋转轴之间设置有联动件。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述车体包括踏板，所述踏板设置有载荷检测组件，所述载荷检测组件基于所述踏板上的载荷变化控制所述车体的开停。
根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，所述载荷检测组件基于所述踏板上的载荷大于第一设定载荷或者基于所述踏板上的载荷小于第二设定载荷，控制所述车体停止，其中，所述第一设定载荷大于所述第二设定载荷。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本公开实施例提供的升降设备的结构示意图；
图2是本公开实施例的导轨的结构示意图之一；
图3是本公开实施例的导轨的结构示意图之二；
图4是本公开实施例的导轨的结构示意图之三；
图5是本公开实施例的多段导轨之间的连接关系示意图之一；
图6是本公开实施例的多段导轨之间的连接关系示意图之二；
图7是本公开实施例的第二防坠器和导轨之间的装配关系示意图；
图8是本公开实施例的免爬器和导轨之间的装配关系示意图；
图9是本公开实施例的第一防坠组件的结构示意图；
图10是本公开实施例的主轴的结构示意图；
图11是本公开实施例的传动套的结构示意图；
图12是本公开实施例的第一防坠器的结构示意图；
图13是本公开实施例的第一防坠器的安装示意图；
图14是本公开实施例的第二防坠组件的安装示意图之一；
图15是本公开实施例的第二防坠组件的安装示意图之二；
图16是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的安装示意图之一；
图17是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的结构示意图之一；
图18是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的结构示意图之二；
图19是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的结构示意图之三；
图20是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的安装示意图之二；
图21是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的局部结构示意图之一；
图22是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的局部结构示意图之二；
图23是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的局部结构示意图之三；
图24是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的局部结构示意图之四；
图25是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的局部结构示意图之五；
图26是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的局部结构示意图之六；
图27是本公开实施例的第二防坠器的局部结构示意图之七；
图28是本公开实施例的主旋转轴的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开中的附图，对本公开中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
根据本公开实施例的升降设备，可以适用于风机塔筒、电力塔架及烟筒等建筑上。以风机塔筒为例，升降设备的导轨安装于风机塔筒的爬梯上，免爬器沿着导轨升降，进而可以将作业人员或者物品运送到风机塔筒的特定位置。
请参见图1，升降设备包括导轨006以及沿着导轨006升降的免爬器1005。其中，免爬器1005包括车体1051和第一防坠器200。车体1051可以用于运送作业人员或者物品，第一防坠器200安装于车体1051和导轨006之间，且第一防坠器200用于在车体1051失重时将车体1051锁止于导轨006。其中，“车体1051失重”指代的是车体1051没有以正常速度运行或者没有正常停止的所有情形。对于车体1051失重时第一防坠器200锁止于导轨006的原理，后文将详细说明。
根据本公开的实施例，进一步参见图1，升降设备还包括第二防坠器1009，第二防坠器1009安装于导轨006和作业人员之间。一般情况下，第二防坠器1009挂装于作业人员的胸口部位，当然第二防坠器1009也可以挂装于作业人员其他部位。正常情况下，作业人员站于免爬器1005的车体1051上时，第二防坠器1009受到作业人员向上提起的作用力，此时第二防坠器1009可以沿着导轨006正常移动。当作业人员失重时，第二防坠器1009不再受到向上提起的作用力，此时第二防坠器1009锁止于导轨006。对于车体1051失重时第一防坠器200锁止于导轨006的原理，后 文将详细说明。
根据本公开的实施例的升降设备，其免爬器1005用的第一防坠器200和人员用的第二防坠器1009安装于同一导轨006，且可以将导轨006安装于最合适的位置，一旦发生坠落，第一防坠器200和第二防坠器1009可以实现同步且快速的锁止，保证作业人员的安全。其中，由于第一防坠器200和第二防坠器1009采用同一导轨006，进而占用空间小，且降低了升降设备的制备成本。
通过实践发现，本公开实施例的升降设备，其锁止距离小于200mm，进而可靠保证了作业人员的安全。
根据本公开的实施例，第二防坠器1009位于第一防坠器200上方，进而可以保证作业人员站在车体1051上时，第二防坠器1009被挂装于作业人员的胸口部位。
根据本公开实施例的升降设备，请参见图1，导轨006安装于爬梯1002。此外，升降设备还包括安装于爬梯1002的顶轮1001和张紧装置1008。在顶轮1001和张紧装置1008之间绕设有牵引绳1004，牵引绳1004连接免爬器1005的车体1051，以带动车体1051上升或者下降。此外，爬梯1002上还安装有电控箱1007，用于控制升降设备的驱动部件1006，驱动部件1006基于电控箱1007的信号控制免爬器1005升降或者停止。
请参见图2至图4，根据本公开实施例的升降设备，其导轨006包括相对设置的第一侧壁0061和第三侧壁0063，以及连接第一侧壁0061和第三侧壁0063的第二侧壁0062，第一侧壁0061、第二侧壁0062和第三侧壁0063之间形成收口槽0064。其中，由于导轨006形成有收口槽0064，进而第一防坠器200和第二防坠器1009安装于收口槽0064时可以防脱落。
其中，对于图2的导轨006，相邻段导轨006的第一侧壁0061之间，以及相邻段导轨006的第三侧壁0063之间，均通过搭接件0066固定，请参见图6。图中，螺纹件穿过搭接件0066和第一侧壁0061，或者，螺纹件穿过搭接件0066和第三侧壁0063，以实现多段导轨006之间的可靠固定。
根据本公开的实施例，结合图3至图5，导轨006还包括连接部0065，连接部0065上设置有定位孔00651，相邻段导轨006的定位孔00651对应，且连接轴00652两端分别连接相邻段导轨006的定位孔00651，以固定连接相邻段导轨006。该种情况下，通过定位孔00651的设置可以保证相邻 导轨006之间对齐，防止导轨006安装时存在错位，避免升降设备运行过程中，免爬器1005卡死于导轨006。
图3和图4中，连接部0065包括分别形成于第一侧壁0061和第三侧壁0063的凸台，此时，连接部0065的数量为两个，导轨006通过位于收口槽0064两侧的凸台的定位孔00651实现双重定位，可以最大程度保证多段导轨006之间的对齐。当然，连接部0065不受附图的限制，例如，连接部0065也可以形成于第三侧壁0063，且连接部0065的数量可以为一个、三个或者三个以上。
在一个实施例中，凸台沿着导轨006的长度方向延伸，且车体1051包括和凸台形成导向配合的导向槽(图中未示出)。通过凸台和导向槽的配合，保证车体1051升降过程中运行的可靠性。凸台的横截面可以呈正方形、三角形、多边形等，具体结构形式不受附图的限制。
图4中，第一侧壁0061和第二侧壁0062之间，以及第三侧壁0063和第二侧壁0062之间，均设置有加强筋0067，以保证导轨006的结构强度。
请参见图7和图8，导轨006的第二侧壁0062形成有锁止孔0302，进而当发生坠落时，第一防坠器200和第二防坠器1009锁止于锁止孔0302。
请参见图9至图15，第一防坠器200包括第一防坠组件004(请参见图12和图13)。其中，先请参见图9，第一防坠组件004包括测速轮17、离心甩块19和第一凸轮008，离心甩块19与测速轮17固定并随着测速轮17转动，且离心甩块19被配置为：当测速轮17的转速不小于设定转速时，离心甩块19打开并连接第一凸轮008以带动第一凸轮008转动。其中，离心甩块19和第一凸轮008之间的连接既可以是直接连接，也可以是间接连接。
请参见图9，本实施例的第一防坠组件004，其测速轮17和离心甩块19均固定安装在主轴21上，且测速轮17通过主轴21带动离心甩块19转动。当然，离心甩块19除了通过主轴21与测速轮17固定，也可以直接通过离心弹簧2000直接连接在测速轮17上，或者还可以通过任何现有技术已经公开的方式和测速轮17连接。此外，第一凸轮008固定安装在传动轴23上，离心甩块19打开时通过传动套22与传动轴23连接。进而，当测速轮17转速不小于设定转速的时候，离心甩块19可以通过传动套22 带动传动轴23转动，进而带动第一凸轮008进行制动。当然，离心甩块19和传动轴23之间并非一定要通过传动套22进行连接。任何可以实现离心甩块19和传动轴23之间传动的连接方式，都可以应用在离心甩块19和传动轴23之间。并且，第一凸轮008也并非一定要连接传动轴23。例如，也可以将离心甩块19直接和第一凸轮008连接，也即当离心甩块19打开的时候，其直接接触第一凸轮008并带动第一凸轮008转动。
请参见图10，本实施例的主轴21径向开设有第一通孔27，离心弹簧2000穿过第一通孔27之后，两端分别固定一个离心甩块19。该种情况下，当主轴21的转速位于安全范围的时候，两个离心甩块19在离心弹簧2000的作用下抱紧主轴21。一旦主轴21的转速超过安全范围，此时两个离心甩块19在离心力作用下打开。其中，离心甩块19可以但是不必须通过固定轴6与离心弹簧2000固定。由于两个离心甩块19通过一个离心弹簧2000连接，其不仅能够简化结构，而且能够保证主轴21受力均衡，防止主轴21偏心。
进一步参见图10，可以在主轴21上形成有凸耳16，且凸耳16上设置有沿着主轴21轴向延伸的第二通孔28。当离心甩块19通过固定轴6连接离心弹簧2000的时候，可以进一步通过该固定轴6与凸耳16铰接。例如，固定轴6与第二通孔28之间可以采用间隙配合，进而使得离心甩块19可以以该固定轴6为转轴，绕着第二通孔28转动。此处的固定轴6可以为弹性圆柱销。
在一个实施例中，请参见图9，结合图10和图11，传动轴23为凸轮半轴，进而离心甩块19需要通过传动套22带动凸轮半轴转动。凸轮半轴的端部朝传动套22伸出有连接销，传动套22上开设有销孔29，进而连接销伸入传动套22上的销孔29中。为了保证受力均衡，在传动轴23端部均匀分布有多个连接销，例如连接销为四个。当然，凸轮半轴和传动套22之间的连接方式不受此处举例限制，只要传动套22可以带动凸轮半轴转动即可。
请进一步参见图9至图11，本实施例的第一防坠组件004还包括固定挡板(图中未示出)和轴承座24。其中，固定挡板包括两块互相平行的支撑侧板9，以及用于连接两块支撑侧板9的顶板15；轴承座24安装在支撑侧板9和顶板15之间，包括第一轴承座24和第二轴承座24，第一轴承座24用于固定主轴21的轴承11，第二轴承座24用于固定传动轴23的轴 承11；测速轮17以及第一凸轮008分别位于两块支撑侧板9的外侧。
其中，两块支撑侧板9之间，以及顶板15与支撑侧板9之间，通过紧固件500进行固定连接。此处，紧固件500可以采用螺钉。再例如，也可以采用紧固件500将本实施例的第一防坠组件004安装在以下提到的升降设备上。
并且，为了限制第一凸轮008的转动角度，限位组件还包括限位螺钉26，该限位螺钉26可以和该第一凸轮008配合，并防止第一凸轮008进一步转动。
该种情况下，固定挡板不仅可以隔离保护位于其内侧的传动件108(包括主轴21、传动轴23、离心甩块19和传动套22等)，还可以通过安装轴0108承11座固定主轴21和传动轴23。
并且，为了实现测速轮17的可靠安装，测速轮17通过轴用弹性挡圈18与主轴21连接。也即，在测速轮17外侧设置该轴用弹性挡圈18，且该轴用弹性挡圈18卡紧在主轴21上。
其中，通过图9发现，传动轴23与顶板15之间通过返回弹簧12连接。进而，通过该返回弹簧12可以实现第一凸轮008的自动复位。其中，返回弹簧12的第一端可以通过一个固定螺钉0713固定在顶板15上，返回弹簧12的第二端可以直接与凸轮半轴的外周面固定。
轴承座24的底端通过垫块25安装在支撑侧板9上，以保证轴承座24的安装可靠性。
轴承座24的顶端通过弹性件弹性连接顶板15。该种情况下，可以通过该弹性件调整轴承座24的安装位置，以实现测速轮17的位置调整。例如，将该第一防坠组件004安装在升降设备的导轨006和免爬器之间的时候，通过调整轴承座24的位置，使得测速轮17始终可靠的沿着导轨006运动。
其中，可以在轴承座24的顶端连接有压缩弹簧1000，顶板15上固定有朝压缩弹簧1000伸出的第一调节螺钉14，且第一调节螺钉14至少部分伸入压缩弹簧1000内。此处的压缩弹簧1000和第一调节螺钉14组成以上轴承座24和顶板15之间的弹性件。通过第一调节螺钉14可以压缩或者释放压缩弹簧1000，进而调整轴承座24的位置。
本实施例的第一防坠组件004请参见图12，第一防坠组件004的安装请参见图13。第一防坠组件004的安装满足：测速轮17沿着导轨006滚 动，且离心甩块19打开时，第一凸轮008转动并压紧导轨006。
本实施例的升降设备，由于第一防坠组件直接安装在其免爬器上，使免爬器超出安全速度后立即被停止运行，因此本实施例的升降设备安全且可靠，可以减小通过牵引绳1004进行失速控制时候的风险，且对免爬器锁止时不会面临倾斜的危害，减小对提升设备的冲击损坏。
以上第一防坠组件004组装之后的结构请参见图12和图13。此外，第一防坠器200还包括第二防坠组件2i。
请参见图14和图15，第二防坠组件2i包括铰接在车体1051上的第一锁止件2i-4，且车体1051正常运行时，第一锁止件2i-4压缩复位弹簧2i-2，车体1051失速运动时，复位弹簧2i-2将第一锁止件2i-4弹出，并使得第一锁止件2i-4嵌入导轨006的锁止孔0302中。
根据本公开的其中一个实施例，第一锁止件2i-4通过铰接轴2i-3安装到安全防护主体2i-1上，第二防坠组件2i用复位弹簧2i-2的一端安装到安全防护主体2i-1上，另一端安装到第一锁止件2i-4上，对第一锁止件2i-4产生一定的弹性力，第二防坠组件2i的滚轮安装到安全防护主体2i-1上，保障第二防坠组件2i能顺畅的沿着导轨006滑动。
车体1051因为牵引绳1004磨损或者其他原因突然坠落时，例如牵引绳1004断裂导致车体1051发生坠落并急速下降时，第二防坠组件2i随车体1051一起运动，此时车体1051对于第一锁止件2i-4的支撑力消失，第二防坠组件2i的第一锁止件2i-4因复位弹簧2i-2的弹性力的作用，使得第一锁止件2i-4左端下压且第一锁止件2i-4右端锁止在导轨006的锁止孔0302，进而实现车体1051的坠落锁止，保障设备和人员的生命财产安全。车体1051正常运行时，在安全防护主体2i-1自重以及车体1051的作用下，第一锁止件2i-4左端提起压住复位弹簧2i-2且第一锁止件2i-4右端离开锁止孔0302，第二防坠组件2i在导轨006内随车体1051匀速运动。
通过以上第一防坠器200，可以在车体1051失重时将车体1051锁止于导轨006。
根据本公开的实施例，请参见图16至图28，升降设备还包括第二防坠器1009。
请参见图16至图23，第二防坠器1009包括固定主体5、第二锁止件3和第一触发机构1。其中，固定主体5，用于通过含有轮轴106的第一轮体组件10安装至导轨006；第二锁止件3安装于固定主体5，且在锁止位 置和自由位置之间切换。第一触发机构1安装于固定主体5，且第一触发机构1包括传动件108和驱动件，传动件108用于安装至轮轴106且随轮轴106转动，传动件108随离心力(传动件108随轮轴106转动，因此受到离心力作用)变化在第一位置和第二位置切换，在第一位置传动件108与驱动件脱离，在第二位置传动件108将轮轴106的转动传递给驱动件，驱动件转动带动第二锁止件3运动至锁止位置。
第一触发机构1的传动件108安装于轮轴106，且传动件108随着轮轴106转动，进而传动件108的转速不同，传动件108受到的离心力也不同。当轮轴106的转速超过设定转速，传动件108受到离心力运动至第二位置，并将轮轴106的转动传递给驱动件，驱动件带动第二锁止件3运动至锁止位置。由此该种第二防坠器1009通过监测轮轴106的转速，实现第二防坠器1009的自动锁止。例如，当作业人员意外坠落时，轮轴106将会具有较高的转速，进而传动件108会在离心力作用下朝着驱动件运动，轮轴106带动驱动件一起运动，由此驱动第二锁止件3运动至锁止位置，保证使用安全性。
其中，“传动件108安装至轮轴106”的情形就指代的是传动件108可以随轮轴106转动的情形。例如，可以在轮轴106设置开孔，进而将传动件108至少部分设置于开孔中；又例如，可以将传动件108安装于轮轴106的外表面。
根据本公开的实施例，传动件108通过第一弹性件安装于轮轴106，在第一位置第一弹性件处于原始状态，在第二位置第一弹性件被拉伸。
请参见图16至图23，本实施例的第二防坠器，传动件108为触发块，多块触发块之间通过第一弹性件(第一弹簧111)连接。在第一位置，第一弹性件处于原始状态；在第二位置，第一弹性件被拉伸。驱动件为驱动凸轮，触发块设置在驱动凸轮内，触发块形成有限位部。在第二位置限位部与驱动凸轮的内表面限位配合，第二锁止件3为锁块，锁块形成有锁块第一触发面302，驱动凸轮形成有凸轮触发面，进而驱动凸轮通过凸轮触发面作用于锁块第一触发面302，带动锁块转动。锁块形成有定位面303，进而当锁块运动至锁止位置的时候，锁块的定位面303和固定主体5上的第二限位面502(第一限位面501在后文描述第二触发机构2的时候会提及)配合。
在一个实施例中，传动件108的数量为两个，两个传动件108之间的 第一弹性件为第一弹簧111。在正常情况下，第一弹簧111处于原始状态，此时第一弹簧111的一端连接其中一个传动件108，另一端连接另外一块传动件108，并且两个传动件108都安装于轮轴106的外表面。在轮轴106转速超过设定转速的情况下，受到离心力作用，两个传动件108具有远离轮轴106轴心方向运动的趋势，并使得第一弹簧111被拉伸。传动件108运动到第二位置的时候，传动件108和驱动凸轮内表面之间形成限位配合，进而轮轴106通过传动件108将运动传递至驱动凸轮。
在一个实施例中，见图21，第一轮对的转轮101通过第一销轴107安装于轮轴106，传动件108通过第二销轴110安装于轮轴106，驱动凸轮通过支撑板104和滑动安装座102安装到轮轴106上，轮轴106一端的滑动安装座102安装到固定座109上后再安装到固定主体5的第一安装孔503上，轮轴106另外一端的滑动安装座102安装到固定主体5的第二安装孔504上。
当然，传动件108、驱动件和第二锁止件3的具体结构都不受此处举例的限制。例如，传动件108也可以为安装于轮轴106的传动轴，当轮轴106的转速大于设定转速的时候，传动轴在离心力作用下朝着驱动件运动，传动轴和驱动件限位配合，进而达到将轮轴106的转动传递给驱动件的目的。又例如，传动件108也可以为传动块，且传动块数量为两块，如图21和图23所示。其中，当传动件108为传动块的时候，传动块的形状和数量也可以不受附图的限制，例如传动块的数量也可以为一块、三块或者任意多块。此外，驱动件也并非一定要是驱动凸轮，只要在传动件108处于第二位置时，可以跟随轮轴106转动并驱动第二锁止件3运动至锁止位置即可。同样的，第二锁止件3也并非一定要采用锁块的形式，只要满足在锁止位置和自由位置之间切换，并且运动至锁止位置的时候可以用于将第二防坠器1009锁紧于导轨006即可。
根据本公开的实施例，请参见图16至图23，第二防坠器1009还包括第二触发机构2。第二触发机构2安装于固定主体5，包括摆杆20，摆杆20在复位位置和受力位置之间切换，在复位位置，摆杆20驱动第二锁止件3运动至锁止位置。
具体的，在正常情况下，摆杆20在第二防坠器1009的重力作用下直接或者间接吊挂于作业人员身上，此时摆杆20并不对第二锁止件3施加作用力。在失重情况下，作用于摆杆20的重力作用消失，此时摆杆20会 向第二锁止件3施加作用力，摆杆20和固定主体5的第一限位面501之间形成限位配合，摆杆20触发面向锁块第二触发面301施加作用，使得第二锁止件3运动至锁止位置。
由此，具有上述第一触发机构1和第二触发机构2的第二防坠器1009，两套触发机构独立作用且互不干扰，保证了第二防坠器1009的安全可靠。
根据本公开的实施例，摆杆20包括触发端和自由端，触发端通过第二弹性件连接固定主体5，在复位位置第二弹性件处于原始状态，在受力位置第二弹性件被压缩。
根据本公开的实施例，自由端形成有连接孔201，连接孔201用于连接缓冲装置0011；第二锁止件3为锁块，锁块上形成有与触发端配合的锁块第二触发面301。
此外，在摆杆20的触发端形成有作用面202，进而第二弹性件一端连接固定主体5，另一端连接作用面202。在正常情况下，摆杆20受到第二防坠器1009的重力作用向上抬起摆杆20的自由端，此时作用面202压缩第二弹性件，且触发端和第二锁止件3之间互相独立。当发生意外坠落的时候，此时摆杆20不再受到第二防坠器1009的重力作用，进而此时处于压缩状态的第二弹性件会给摆杆20施加力使得摆杆20顺时针转动，并驱动第二锁止件3顺时针转动至锁止位置。
在一个实施例中，第二弹性件为第二弹簧7。当然，本申请中包括第二弹性件在内的所有弹性件，都不局限于采用弹簧的结构形式，还可以采用其他具有形变和复位功能的结构。
请参见图16至图23，第二锁止件3通过第四弹性件连接至固定主体5，第四弹性件可以但是不局限采用第四弹簧06。正常情况下，第二锁止件3通过第四弹簧06连接至固定主体5，第四弹簧06处于原始状态的时候第二锁止件3处于自由位置，此处的自由位置是相对锁止位置而言，也即当第二锁止件3处于自由位置的时候不会影响第二防坠器1009的运动。第二锁止件3受到上述驱动凸轮或者摆杆20驱动的情况下，第二锁止件3运动至锁止位置，进而此时第二锁止件3压缩第四弹簧06。
第二锁止件3和摆杆20都通过芯轴4安装到固定主体5上，进而第二锁止件3和摆杆20各自以芯轴4为中心轴进行转动。
请参见图16至图28，第二防坠器1009还包括第一轮体组件10。其中，第一轮体组件10安装于固定主体5，用于沿着导轨006的外支撑面 00603滚动(不排除第一轮体组件10沿着导轨006的其它位置滚动的可能性)，第一轮体组件10包括第一轮对，第一轮对包括上述轮轴106以及安装于轮轴106的转轮101。转轮101实时与外支撑面00603接触，实现对运行速度的监测。第二防坠器1009通过第二锁止件3的锁块支撑面304与导轨006的支撑面接触实现对第二防坠器1009的锁止。
本公开实施例的第二防坠器1009，具有上述第二防坠器1009，因此可以在发生坠落的时候保证施工者的安全。
在一个实施例中，轮轴106通过滑动安装座102安装于固定主体5，滑动安装座102通过第三弹性件连接固定主体5，固定主体5设置有螺纹紧固件，螺纹紧固件用于调节第三弹性件的状态，具体的螺纹紧固件转动时第三弹性件的状态发生变化，进而带动滑动安装座102滑动，滑动安装座102滑动时带动轮轴106相对固定主体5的安装面靠近或者远离。其中，固定主体5的安装面指代的是固定主体5用于朝向外支撑面00603的表面。其中，轮轴106相对固定主体5的安装面靠近，会使得固定主体5安装至导轨006时轮轴106上的转轮101更加贴紧导轨006的外支撑面00603；轮轴106相对固定主体5的安装面远离，可以保证固定主体5安装至导轨006时轮轴106上的转轮101和导轨006的外支撑面00603之间不互相干涉。
由此，通过调节螺纹紧固件，可以保证轮轴106上的转轮101和导轨006的外支撑面00603之间形成更好的配合，保证转轮101可以沿着外支撑面00603滚动。
根据本公开的一个实施例，螺纹紧固件为第二调节螺钉8，第三弹性件为具有调节功能的第三弹簧103。第二调节螺钉8安装到固定主体5上，通过第二调节螺钉8压缩第三弹簧103调节轮轴106的位置，使得第一轮对的转轮101实时与导轨006接触，第一轮对转动的时候轮轴106转动，带动传动件108转动，一旦传动件108的离心力超过设定值，则传动件108朝着第二凸轮105运动并和第二凸轮105的内表面之间形成限位配合，使得轮轴106通过传动件108带动第二凸轮105转动，第二凸轮105转动即可带动第二锁止件3运动至锁止位置。由此，保证第一轮对的转轮101与导轨006接触，可以实现监测第二防坠器1009的运行速度的目的，当第二防坠器1009滑落速度超过设定值时第二凸轮105触发第二锁止件3运动至锁止位置，进而将第二防坠器1009锁止在导轨006上。
根据本公开的实施例，请参见图24至图28，第二防坠器1009还包括第二轮体组件01和第三轮体组件02。其中，第二轮体组件01安装于固定主体5，用于沿着导轨006的内支撑面00604滚动，第二轮体组件01包括第二轮对，第二轮对连接主旋转轴0102，主旋转轴0102连接主旋件0103。第三轮体组件02安装于固定主体5，用于沿着导轨006的内支撑面00604滚动，第三轮体组件02包括第三轮对，第三轮对连接从旋转轴0201。主旋转轴0102和从旋转轴0201之间设置有联动件。
由此，本公开实施例的第二防坠器1009，当旋转主旋件0103的时候，主旋件0103会带动主旋转轴0102转动，进而带动第二轮对整体发生转动。一旦主旋转轴0102转动，将通过联动件带动从旋转轴0201转动，进而带动第三轮对转动。由此，在第二防坠器1009的安装过程当中，只需要转动主旋件0103，就可以使得第二防坠器1009由图26的状态变化成图25的状态，以方便第二防坠器1009的安装。同样的，当拆卸第二防坠器1009的时候，也只需要旋转主旋件0103。
需要说明的是，虽然附图中只给出了第三轮体组件02为一个的情形，也即从旋转轴0201为一根的情形，但是很显然第三轮体组件02的数量不受此处举例的限制，进而从旋转轴0201的数量不受限制。
请参见图24至图28，主旋件0103通过第一销子0104连接主旋转轴0102；联动件为联动板03，主旋转轴0102通过第二销子0105连接于联动板03，从旋转轴0201通过第三销子0202连接联动板03，固定主体5上设置有联动板03的导向限位轮08，导向限位轮08用于限制联动板03横向运动并使得联动板03沿着纵向运动。
其中，“导向限位轮08用于限制联动板03横向运动并使得联动板03沿着纵向运动”当中的纵向指代的是导轨006的延伸方向，横向也即导轨006的宽度方向，也即垂直于纵向的方向。主旋件0103带动主旋转轴0102转动的时候，第二销子0105也发生转动。而由于联动板03只沿着纵向运动，由此第二销子0105带动联动板03纵向运动的同时，必然相对联动板03横向运动。由此可知，在联动板03上形成有沿着横向延伸的主动孔0303，第二销子0105一端安装于主旋转轴0102，另一端位于主动孔0303中通过主动孔0303连接联动板03。同样的道理，联动板03上形成有沿着横向延伸的从动孔0301，第三销子0202通过从动孔0301连接联动板03。
在一个实施例中，导向限位轮08的数量为四个，且通过固定螺钉0713 安装于固定主体5，联动板03形成有导向面0304，进而通过导向限位轮08和导向面0304之间的配合，保证联动板03沿着纵向运动。当然，导向限位轮08并非是必须结构，并且在设置有导向限位轮08的情况下，其数量和分布位置也可以根据需要进行调整。
在一个实施例中，联动板03上设置有呈L型的锁止孔0302，锁止孔0302包括横向孔段和纵向孔段，固定主体5上设置有可以沿着横向孔段运动的第四销子0403，第四销子0403位于横向孔段时联动板03被锁止，第四销子0403位于纵向孔段联动板03可纵向运动。
根据本公开的实施例，第二防坠器1009包括解锁组件04，解锁组件04包括上述第四销子0403，还包括滑动轴0401和第六弹簧0402，通过第四销子0403穿过固定主体5上的滑动孔0602连接到滑动轴0401，通过按压滑动轴0401可以压缩第六弹簧0402，使得第四销子0403运动至锁止孔0302的纵向孔段，此时旋转主旋件0103可以带动联动板03升降。而当第四销子0403位于锁止孔0302的横向孔段时，此时联动板03无法升降，进而无法转动主旋件0103。
根据本公开实施例的第二防坠器1009，包括限位机构，限位机构用于限制主旋转轴0102在两个极限位置之间转动，在其中一个极限位置主旋转轴0102纵向设置，在另外一个极限位置主旋转轴0102横向设置。此处的“纵向”和“横向”同样分别指代导轨006的延伸方向以及导轨006的宽度方向。其中，当主旋转轴0102纵向设置的时候，此时第二防坠器1009的形态请参见图25，此时可以方便第二防坠器1009的拆装。当主旋转轴0102横向设置的时候，此时第二防坠器1009的形态请参见图26，此时可以将第二防坠器1009固定在导轨006上，防止第二防坠器1009从导轨006脱离。
请参见图24，根据本公开实施例的第二防坠器1009，其还包括联动板03的盖板05，盖板05上设置有限位孔，第二销子0105在限位孔转动。其中，限位孔和第二销子0105之间组成上述限位机构。
在一个实施例中，限位孔被构造为：主旋转轴0102转动到极限位置时，第二销子0105与限位孔的内壁限位配合，并且主旋转轴0102转动角度不大于九十度。
当然，限位机构除了采用限位孔和第二销子0105的结构形式，还可以采用其它结构形式，只要满足对主旋转轴0102的限位需求即可。例如， 第二轮体组件01还包括滑块0101，滑块0101固定于主旋转轴0102，且滑块0101形成有第二轮对的安装槽；限位机构包括滑块0101以及形成于固定主体5的凸起；主旋转轴0102转动至极限位置，滑块0101与固定主体5上的凸起限位配合。
第二防坠器1009在两种形态之间切换时，主旋转轴0102转动角度刚好为九十度。当然，如果主旋转轴0102转动角度小于九十度的时候，也能够满足第二防坠器1009的拆装需求，那么也可以限定主旋转轴0102转动角度为更小的值。或者，也可以限定主旋转轴0102在两个极限位置之间的转动角度大于九十度。
图24至图28中，限位孔包括第三限位面0501和第四限位面0502，进而当旋转主旋件0103的时候，主旋转轴0102带动第二销子0105在限位孔中转动，主旋转轴0102转动至第一个极限位置的时候，第二销子0105和第三限位面0501接触，主旋转轴0102转动至第二个极限位置的时候，第二销子0105和第四限位面0502接触。通过第二销子0105与第三限位面0501和第四限位面0502之间的配合，保证第二防坠器1009只能在图25和图26两种形态之间切换。
在一个实施例中，固定主体5上设置有第一定位槽0601，第一定位槽0601中设置有滑动销09，主旋转轴0102设置有第二定位槽01021和第三定位槽01022。第二防坠器1009倒装于导轨006，且主旋转轴0102转动至其中一个极限位置时：第一定位槽0601和第二定位槽01021对应，使得滑动销09部分进入第二定位槽01021；第二防坠器1009倒装于导轨006，且主旋转轴0102转动至另外一个极限位置时，第一定位槽0601和第三定位槽01022对应，使得滑动销09部分进入第三定位槽01022。
当第二防坠器1009正常安装的时候，此时滑动销09在重力作用下位于固定主体5的第一定位槽0601当中，此时滑动销09和主旋转轴0102之间没有连接关系，进而不会干涉主旋转轴0102的运动。当第二防坠器1009倒置的时候，请参见图24，在两种不同形态下，第一定位槽0601分别对应主转轴上的第二定位槽01021和第三定位槽01022，进而滑动销09在重力作用下部分进入第二定位槽01021或者第三定位槽01022当中，此时滑动销09可以阻止主旋转轴0102转动，进而使得第二防坠器1009无法实现安装。
请参见图24至图28，根据本公开实施例的第二防坠器1009，在固定 主体5设置有从动定位孔0603和主动定位孔0604。具有复位功能的第五弹簧0106用于安装在固定主体5和主旋转轴0102之间，以及用于安装在固定主体5和从旋转轴0201之间。对于第二轮体组件01而言，第五弹簧0106一端安装到主旋转轴0102上的第一复位孔01023内，另一端安装到固定主体5上的主动定位孔0604内并将主旋转轴0102安装到固定主体5上。对于第三轮体组件02而言，第五弹簧0106一端安装到从旋转轴0201上的第二复位孔02011内，另一端安装到固定主体5上的从动定位孔0603内并将从旋转轴0201安装到固定主体5上。
对于第二轮体组件01，滑块0101通过安装轴0108安装到主旋转轴0102上，滚轮0107和定位垫片0109安装到安装轴0108上。对于第三轮体组件02而言，滑块0101通过安装轴0108安装到从旋转轴0201上，滚轮0107和定位垫片0109安装到安装轴0108上。
根据本公开的实施例，请参见图16至图28，提供一种防坠落系统，包括导轨006以及安装于导轨006的第二防坠器1009。此外，第二防坠器1009还包括挂钩009和缓冲装置0011。
请参见图16至图28，导轨006包括滑块通道00601、运行限位面00602、外支撑面00603、内支撑面00604和支撑面。转动主旋件0103，使得第二防坠器1009在图17和图19两种状态切换。当第二防坠器1009处于图19的状态时，此时可以将第二防坠器1009安装至导轨006，或者可以将第二防坠器1009从导轨006拆下。当第二防坠器1009处于图17的状态时，此时第二防坠器1009可以固定在导轨006中，使得滑块0101位于滑块通道00601当中，并沿着滑块通道00601运行。此外，当第二防坠器1009安装于导轨006的时候，固定主体5上的第五限位面505在运行限位面00602内运行并通过其实现对第二防坠器1009水平方向的限位。第二防坠器1009运行时，外支撑面00603和安装到固定主体5上部的滚轮0107接触，内支撑面00604和安装到运行支撑滑块01012上的滚轮0107接触。第二防坠器1009锁止时，外支撑面00603和安装到固定主体5下部的滚轮0107接触，内支撑面00604和安装到锁止支撑滑块01011上的滚轮0107接触。
除了第一轮体组件10之外，本公开实施例的固定主体5上固定有四对轮体组件，包括上述提及的用于沿着导轨006内支撑面00604滚动的第二轮体组件01和第三轮体组件02，此外还包括用于沿着导轨006外支撑 面00603滚动的两对轮体组件，这四对轮体组件分别包括有至少一对滚轮0107。
上述防坠落系统，通过第一触发机构1和第二触发机构2使得第二锁止件3触发阻止第二防坠器1009不正常的相对于导轨006向下运行，并在从触发位置移动到锁止位置的同时与导轨006相互作用，缓冲装置0011的一端安装到连接孔201上，一端与挂钩009连接。
根据本公开的实施例，车体1051包括踏板10511，踏板10511上设有载荷检测组件，载荷检测组件基于踏板10511上的载荷变化控制车体1051的开停。具体的，作业人员使用免爬器1005时，当第二防坠器1009安装在导轨006上，作业人员离开踏板10511后，载荷检测组件检测载重变化，车体1051会立即停止，保障作业人员的人身安全和免爬器1005的使用安全。又或者，当免爬器1005失重，此时载荷检测组件检测到的数据同样发生变化，进而控制车体1051停止。
在一个实施例中，载荷检测组件基于踏板10511上的载荷大于第一设定载荷或者基于踏板10511上的载荷小于第二设定载荷，控制车体1051停止，其中，第一设定载荷大于第二设定载荷。也即，当踏板10511上的载荷过大，此时载荷超重，则控制车体1051停止，保证超重情况下车体1051无法运行。且当踏板10511上的载荷很小，也即认定此时踏板10511上的载荷小于设定的作业人员的体重时，则此时说明存在人员坠落的危险，则控制车体1051停止。此处的“控制车体1051停止”包括控制车体1051由运动切换至停止的过程，也包括控制停止的车体1051维持停止无法开启的情形。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本公开各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种升降设备，包括：
    导轨；
    免爬器，适于沿着所述导轨升降，所述免爬器包括车体和第一防坠器，所述第一防坠器安装于所述车体和所述导轨之间，且所述第一防坠器适于在所述车体失重时锁止于所述导轨；
    第二防坠器，适于安装至导轨和所述车体上的作业人员之间，且所述第二防坠器适于在所述车体上的作业人员失重时与所述免爬器锁止于相同所述导轨。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的升降设备，其中所述导轨包括相对设置的第一侧壁和第三侧壁，以及连接所述第一侧壁和所述第三侧壁的第二侧壁，所述第一侧壁、第二侧壁和所述第三侧壁之间形成收口槽，所述收口槽用于安装所述第一防坠器和所述第二防坠器。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的升降设备，其中所述导轨还包括连接部，所述连接部上设置有定位孔，相邻段所述导轨的所述定位孔对应，且连接轴两端分别连接相邻段所述导轨的所述定位孔，以固定连接相邻段所述导轨。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的升降设备，其中所述连接部包括分别形成于所述第一侧壁和所述第三侧壁的凸台，所述凸台沿着所述导轨的长度方向延伸，且所述车体包括和所述凸台形成导向配合的导向槽。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的升降设备，其中相邻段所述导轨的所述第一侧壁之间，以及相邻段所述导轨的所述第三侧壁之间，均通过搭接件固定。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的升降设备，其中所述第二侧壁形成有锁止孔，所述第一防坠器和所述第二防坠器锁止于所述锁止孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的升降设备，其中所述第一防坠器包括第一防坠组件，所述第一防坠组件包括测速轮、离心甩块和第一凸轮，所述离心甩块与所述测速轮固定并随着所述测速轮转动，且所述离心甩块被配置为：当所述测速轮的转速不小于设定转速时，所述离心甩块打开并连接所述第一凸轮以带动所述第一凸轮转动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的升降设备，其中所述测速轮和离心甩块均固定安装在主轴上，且所述测速轮通过所述主轴带动所述离心甩块转动； 所述第一凸轮固定安装在传动轴上，所述离心甩块打开时通过传动套与所述传动轴连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的升降设备，其中所述第一防坠器还包括第二防坠组件，所述第二防坠组件包括铰接在所述车体上的第一锁止件，且所述车体正常运行时，所述第一锁止件压缩复位弹簧，所述车体失重运动时，所述复位弹簧将所述第一锁止件弹出，并使得所述第一锁止件锁止于所述导轨。
  10. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的升降设备，其中所述第二防坠器包括：
    固定主体，通过第一轮体组件安装至所述导轨并沿所述导轨移动，所述第一轮体组件包括轮轴；
    锁止件，安装于所述固定主体，且在锁止位置和自由位置之间切换；
    第一触发机构，安装于所述固定主体，所述第一触发机构包括传动件和驱动件，所述传动件用于安装至所述轮轴且随所述轮轴转动，所述传动件随离心力变化在第一位置和第二位置切换，在所述第一位置所述传动件与所述驱动件脱离，在所述第二位置所述传动件将所述轮轴的转动传递给所述驱动件，以使得所述驱动件转动带动所述锁止件运动至所述锁止位置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的升降设备，其中所述第二防坠器还包括：
    第二触发机构，安装于所述固定主体，包括摆杆，所述摆杆在复位位置和受力位置之间切换，在所述复位位置，所述摆杆驱动所述锁止件运动至所述锁止位置。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的升降设备，其中所述摆杆包括触发端和自由端，所述触发端通过第二弹性件连接所述固定主体，在所述复位位置所述第二弹性件处于原始状态，在所述受力位置所述第二弹性件被压缩；所述自由端形成有连接孔，所述连接孔用于连接至所述车体上的作业人员。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的升降设备，其中所述第二防坠器还包括：
    第一轮体组件，安装于所述固定主体，用于沿着所述导轨滚动；
    第二轮体组件，安装于所述固定主体，用于沿着所述导轨的内支撑面滚动，所述第二轮体组件包括第二轮对，所述第二轮对连接主旋转轴，所述主旋转轴连接主旋件；
    第三轮体组件，安装于所述固定主体，用于沿着所述导轨的内支撑面滚动，所述第三轮体组件包括第三轮对，所述第三轮对连接从旋转轴；
    所述主旋转轴和所述从旋转轴之间设置有联动件。
  14. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的升降设备，其中所述车体包括踏板，所述踏板设置有载荷检测组件，所述载荷检测组件基于所述踏板上的载荷变化控制所述车体的开停。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的升降设备，其中所述载荷检测组件基于所述踏板上的载荷大于第一设定载荷或者基于所述踏板上的载荷小于第二设定载荷，控制所述车体停止，其中，所述第一设定载荷大于所述第二设定载荷。
PCT/CN2022/085303 2022-03-04 2022-04-06 升降设备 WO2023164989A1 (zh)

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